 Parasitic coinfection with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria is also common, especially in Sub-saharan Africa, and helminth coinfection adversely affects the natural history and progression of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and can increase clinical malaria severity.In a study performed in Senegal, infections of soil-transmitted helminths like "T. trichiura" (as well as schistosome infections independently) showed enhanced risk and increased the incidence of malaria.Heavy infestations may have bloody diarrhea.