 Although Paul II was a committed opponent of humanist learning, he oversaw and approved the introduction of printing into the Papal States, first at Subiaco in 1464 by Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim, and at Rome itself in 1467.The result was that books and other documents became far more numerous and less expensive to procure than the previous handwritten manuscripts.Printing put the materials needed for an advanced education into the hands of more people than ever before, including an increasing number of laypeople.