 Complementary to the sociology of knowledge is the sociology of ignorance, including the study of nescience, ignorance, knowledge gaps, or non-knowledge as inherent features of knowledge-making.The sociology of knowledge was pioneered primarily by the sociologist Émile Durkheim at the beginning of the 20th century.His work deals directly with how conceptual thought, language, and logic can be influenced by the societal milieu out of which they arise.