 As of August 2017, microSD cards with a capacity up to 400 GB (400 billion bytes) are available.The same year, Samsung combined 3D IC chip stacking with its 3D V-NAND and TLC technologies to manufacture its 512GB KLUFG8R1EM flash memory chip with eight stacked 64-layer V-NAND chips.In 2019, Samsung produced a 1024GB flash chip, with eight stacked 96-layer V-NAND chips and with QLC technology.