 Doi argues that nonverbal empathic guesswork ( "sasshi"), a fondness for unanimous agreement in decision-making, the ambiguity and hesitation of self-expression ( "enryo"), and the "tatemae–honne" dynamics are communicative manifestations of the "amae" psychology of Japanese people.Doi translates "amaeru" as "to depend and presume upon another's benevolence".It indicates, for Doi, "helplessness and the desire to be loved".