 Charles Church, destroyed by incendiaries on the nights of 20–21 March 1941, has been preserved in its ruined state as a memorial to civilian victims of the Blitz.The Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association on the Hoe was also severely damaged on the evening of 20 March 1941.The bombardment is described in the obituary of Stanley Wells Kemp who was the director of the Association at the time.