 This includes attending to minor head injuries, burns, open wounds, joint pain, haemophilia, blood and fluid exposure, PV bleeding, urinary tract infections (UTIs), abdominal pain, cellulitis and more.Emergency nurses work in various places, many of which are understaffed as there are nursing shortages across Africa.There is also a shortage of doctors, leaving many tasks for nurses with limited guidelines or standards to deal with, and for many emergency nurses the scope of practice is quite undefined.