 In some cases, a broadcast storm can be instigated for the purpose of a denial of service (DOS) using one of the packet amplification attacks, such as the smurf attack or fraggle attack, where an attacker sends a large amount of ICMP Echo Requests (ping) traffic to a broadcast address, with each ICMP Echo packet containing the spoof source address of the victim host.When the spoofed packet arrives at the destination network, all hosts on the network reply to the spoofed address.The initial Echo Request is multiplied by the number of hosts on the network.