 Trade was often used as a weapon of policy; between 1690-1704, English import duties increased by 400%, while the 1651-1663 Navigation Acts had been a major factor in the Anglo-Dutch Wars.On 6 September, France banned the import of English manufactured goods like cloth and imposed prohibitive duties on a wide range of others.On 7 September 1701, Britain, the Emperor Leopold and the Dutch Republic signed the Treaty of The Hague reconstituting the Grand Alliance.