 Though the disciplinary foundations of art psychology were first developed in Germany, there were soon advocates, in psychology, the arts or in philosophy, pursuing their own variants in the USSR, England (Clive Bell and Herbert Read), France (André Malraux, Jean-Paul Weber, for example), and the US.In the US, the philosophical premises of art psychology were strengthened—and given political valence—in the work of John Dewey.His "Art as Experience" was published in 1934, and was the basis for significant revisions in teaching practices whether in the kindergarten or in the university.