"According to Mindy MacLeod and Bernard Mees, the inscription "seems to begin as a benevolent formulation before abruptly switching to the infliction of distress and misery, presumably upon the recipient of the charm rather than the baleful valkyrie", and they posit the final line appears "to constitute a rather spiteful kind of charm aimed at securing the love of a woman".MacLeod and Mees state that the opening lines of the charm correspond to the "Poetic Edda" poem "Sigrdrífumál", where the valkyrie Sigrdrífa provides runic advice, and that the meaning of the term "skag" is unclear, but a cognate exists in "Helgakviða Hundingsbana I" where Sinfjötli accuses Guðmundr of having once been a ""skass"-valkyrie".