 With recent bureaucratization of Shia seminaries under the current regime, four levels of studies were introduced and those clerics who end the fourth level, also known as "Dars-e-Kharej" () and pass the final exam, were called Ayatollahs.Moojan Momen wrote in 2015 that every cleric who finished his training calls himself an Ayatollah and this trend has led to emergence of "thousands of Ayatollahs".Stages of contemporary titles for Shia clerics in Iran can be understood from the following table