 Richard North says that the description of a raven flying over the Egyptian army (glossed as ) may have been directly influenced by the Old Norse concept of Valhalla, the usage of in may represent a loan or loan-translation of Old Norse , but the Cotton Cleopatra A. iii and the "Corpus Glossary" instances "appear to show an Anglo-Saxon conception of that was independent of contemporary Scandinavian influence".Two Old English charms mention figures that are theorised as representing an Anglo-Saxon notion of valkyries or valkyrie-like female beings; , a charm to cure a sudden pain or stitch, and "For a Swarm of Bees", a charm to keep honey bees from swarming.In , a sudden pain is attributed to a small, "shrieking" spear thrown with supernatural strength () by "fierce" loudly flying "mighty women" () who have ridden over a burial mound