 In 1538 a Holy League consisting of all the Italian states and the Spanish kingdoms was formed to drive the Ottomans back, but it was defeated at the Battle of Preveza.Decisive naval victory eluded Charles; it would not be achieved until after Charles's death, at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.During Charles's reign, the Castilian territories in the Americas were considerably extended by "conquistadores" like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro.