 Lewandowski et al.found that each hectare (2.47 acres) of Central European arable land planted with miscanthus can reduce the atmospheric CO2 level with up to 30.6 tonnes per year, save 429 GJ of fossil energy used each year, with 78 euros earned per tonne reduced CO2 (2387 euros earned per hectare per year)—given that the biomass is produced and used locally (within 500 km / 310 miles).For miscanthus planted on marginal land limited by cold temperatures (Moscow), the reduction in atmospheric CO2 is estimated to be 19.2 tonnes per hectare per year (7.7 tonnes per acre), with fossil energy savings of 273 GJ per hectare per year (110 GJ per acre).