 In the USA, M. x giganteus has been shown to yield two times more than switchgrass.Hastings et al.note that "[f]ield trials have shown that for many locations in Europe M. x giganteus has the largest energy yield of all potential bioenergy crops in terms of net MJ ha −1 [megajoule per hectare], and the highest energy‐use efficiency (EUE), in terms of the energy cost of production, due to its relatively high yields and low inputs [...]".