 For comparison, Europe consists of roughly 1 billion hectares (10 million km2, or 3.9 million square miles), and Asia 4.5 billion hectares (45 million km2, or 17 million square miles).Quinn et al.identified "Miscanthus x giganteus" as a crop that is moderately or highly tolerant of multiple environmental stressors, specifically, heat, drought, flooding, salinity (below 100 mM), and cool soil temperatures (down to −3.4 °C, or 25 °F).