 This means that they appeal to an epistemology that is weak or defective.False statements, bad arguments, immoral commands as well as inapt metaphors (and other literary tropes) are the sorts of things that are epistemically defective... Not only does epistemic defectiveness more accurately describe how propaganda endeavors to function... since many messages are in forms such as commands that do not admit to truth-values, [but it] also accounts for the role context plays in the workings of propaganda.Throughout history those who have wished to persuade have used art to get their message out.This can be accomplished by hiring artists for the express aim of propagandizing or by investing new meanings to a previously nonpolitical work.