 In 1813, Biot established that one case studied by Arago, namely quartz cut perpendicular to its optic axis, was actually a gradual rotation of the plane of polarization with distance.He went on to discover that certain liquids, including turpentine ("térébenthine"), shared this property (see "Optical rotation").In 1816, Fresnel offered his first attempt at a "wave-based" theory of chromatic polarization.