 Cvijić further argued that the traditional ethnonym "Bugari" (Bulgarians) used by the Slavic population of Macedonia to refer to themselves actually meant only rayah, and in no case affiliations to the Bulgarian ethnicity.In his ethnographic studies of the Balkan Slavs, Cvijic devised a ""Central Type"" (Slav Macedonians and Torlaks), dissimilar at the same time to the ""Dinaric Type"" (the principal "Serb" ethnographic variant) and the ""East Balkan Type"" (representing the Bulgarians, but excluding even Western Bulgaria).The true Bulgarians belonged only to the "East Balkan Type" and were a mixture of Slavs, "Turanian" groups (Bulgars, Cumans, and Turks) and Vlachs, and as such, were different from the other South Slavs in their ethnic composition.