 The Internet was viewed more as a commercial service than a domestic and societal system.Being business services, cable modem Internet access and high-speed data links, which make up the Internet's core, had always since their creation been categorized under U.S. law as an information service, unlike telephone services (including services by dial-up modem ), and not as a telecommunications service, and thus had not been subject to common carrier regulations, as upheld in the Supreme Court case "National Cable & Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services", 545 U.S. 967 (2005).The majority ruling in "Brand X" was based on the "Chevron" deference, a principle established in the courts that where Congressional law is vague, the courts will typically defer to the agency's interpretation of the relevant clauses and thus allowed the FCC's determination that the ISPs were information services to hold.