 It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia.Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy.While the area heals, a scar forms, causing the tissue to pull and tighten, leading to difficulty in swallowing.