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By contrast, an upper leading-tone (; ) is a leading tone that resolves "down", as opposed to the seventh scale degree (a "lower" leading-tone) which resolves up.The upper leading-tone usually is a lowered second degree () resolving to the tonic, but the expression may at times refer to a resolving to the dominant.In German, the term "Gegenleitton" ("counter leading tone") is used by Hugo Riemann to denote the upper leading-tone () , but Heinrich Schenker uses "abwärtssteigenden Leitton" ("descending leading tone") to mean the descending diatonic supertonic () (; ).