 Methods include the winter transplanting of root-suckers; taking hardwood cuttings from vigorous one-year-old shoots in late winter, taking root-cuttings in early spring; taking softwood cuttings in early summer; grafting; ground and air layering; and micropropagation.A bottom heat of 18 degrees and humid conditions are maintained for hard- and softwood cuttings.The transplanting of root-suckers remains the easiest and commonest propagation-method for European field elm and its hybrids.