 Lesser nobles, "duma gentlemen" ("dumnye dvoriane") and secretaries, were added to the duma and the number of "okol'nichii" rose in the latter half of the 17th century.In 1676 the number of boyars increased to 50 – by then they constituted only a third of the duma.Under the reign of Alexander II, several reforms were enacted during the 1860s and 1870s.