 The result of the Gram–Schmidt process may be expressed in a non-recursive formula using determinants.where "D" 0=1 and, for "j" ≥ 1, "D j" is the Gram determinant

Note that the expression for uk is a "formal" determinant, i.e.the matrix contains both scalars
and vectors; the meaning of this expression is defined to be the result of a cofactor expansion along
the row of vectors.