 This introduction of presbyteries was somewhat revolutionary in the rather hierarchically structured Lutheran churches.Whereas liberal Lutherans demanded the establishment of elected synods (general or regional church assemblies) too, feeling encouraged by the general development of parliamentarianism, the revivalist Lutherans strove for self-rule within the Lutheran churches in order to strengthen religion and faith against the government interference in ecclesiastical affairs, considered by them as too rationalistic and too much inspired by ideas of the enlightenment.So liberal and revivalist Lutherans aimed at forming an ecclesiastical body, as provided by the 1833 constitution of Hanover, consisting of elected and appointed clergy and laymen.