 The temperature of the inks must be strictly controlled to maintain the correct viscosity because the plate surface is designed to repel inks of a specific viscosity.This temperature distinction is achieved by running chilled water through tubing in the hollow cores of two or more vibrating rollers in the ink train on the printing press.The image surface of a waterless plate is intaglio (recessed), allowing the plate to carry a greater volume of ink than a conventional plate does and allowing extremely high screen rulings, ranging from 300 to well over 800 lpi.