 Massimo Bordi had designed a 4V Desmo in 1973 for his thesis at the University of Bologna, and with Cagiva in 1985, saw his updated ideas come into production as the Desmoquattro.Based on the Pantah motor, but with liquid cooling, fuel injection, and desmodromic four valve heads (with an included valve angle of 40°), the 851 made Ducati once again competitive in motorcycle racing.The original Desmo Quattro was an experimental 748 cc four-valve racer (seen at the Bol d'Or in 1986) and used 750 F1 Pantah crankcases.