 His father, sisters, and their families died in the Nazi concentration camps.After World War II, in 1946, he returned to Czechoslovakia and again worked at the Foreign Ministry, but in 1948, following the communist coup d'état, he began his second exile, first to Denmark, then to Norway and finally to the United States, where he worked as a Czech language teacher and later as a journalist and editor at Radio Free Europe.He remained there for the rest of his life and became a U.S. Citizen in 1957.