 He called American Catholics "to multiply our schools, and to perfect them".By 1852 the bishops recommended "Catholic children should attend only schools that were under church control".The Catholic faith also became integrated in the industrial and post-industrial middle class as it developed, in particular through the lay movements created following the 1891 "Rerum novarum" encyclical enacted by Pope Leo XIII, and which insisted on the social role of the Roman Catholic Church.