 When the two lawyers withdrew, Mr. Barayagwiza was defended throughout the trial, up to the sentence of first instance, by the Italian lawyer Giacomo Barletta Caldarera, so far the only Italian lawyer to have acted as defense counsel in a UN International Tribunal.Barayagwiza refused to participate in the trial, claiming that the judges were not impartial.On 3 December 2003 Barayagwiza was found guilty of Genocide, Conspiracy to Commit Genocide, Public and Direct Incitement to Genocide and Extermination and Persecution constituting Crimes against Humanity.