 In 1318, Rothenbuch had its first documentary mention in the words "zuo den Rodenboychen" when the Archbishop of Mainz, Peter of Aspelt and the Bishop of Würzburg, Gottfried III of Hohenlohe, concluded an agreement here dealing with cooperation on security questions.In 1342, building work began on what was initially likely a hunting lodge at the source of the Hafenlohr.In the German Peasants' War in 1525, this "Schloss" (castle) in Rothenbuch was heavily damaged or destroyed.