 Internal migrants, who were mainly descended from Amerindians or African slaves, were given no government assistance or training in adapting to large urban centers.They became concentrated in a kind of "social apartheid", living in slums and taking menial and unpleasant jobs shunned by whites.By contrast, European, Arab and Japanese immigrants, who tended to be better educated, were directly assisted by a number of government programs, including some sponsored by their national governments, as well as other benefits.