 The "Fin de siècle" movement of the "Belle Époque" persisted into the 20th century, but was brutally cut short with the outbreak of World War I (an effect depicted e.g.in Thomas Mann's "The Magic Mountain", published 1924).The Dada movement of 1916-1920 was at least in part a protest against the bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war; the movement heralded the Surrealism movement of the 1920s.