 By the early nineteenth century, the Persian language was gradually replaced by Urdu as the vernacular to serve as the administrative language in a growing colonial bureaucracy.In 1803, Gilchrist inducted other writers into the college, who helped make rapid strides in Hindi language and literature.Subsequently, a Hindi translation of the Bible appeared in 1818 and "Udant Martand", the first Hindi newspaper, was published in 1826 in Calcutta.