 Up until this time, viruses had only been grown in plants and animals, but in 1906, Ross Granville Harrison (1870–1959) invented a method for growing tissue in lymph, and, in 1913, E Steinhardt, C Israeli, and RA Lambert used this method to grow vaccinia virus in fragments of guinea pig corneal tissue.In 1928, HB and MC Maitland grew vaccinia virus in suspensions of minced hens' kidneys.Their method was not widely adopted until the 1950s, when poliovirus was grown on a large scale for vaccine production.