 The faculty of sciences of Lille was however formally established in 1854 only, with a chemist as its first dean (Louis Pasteur).Hence, academic and applied researches in chemistry, catalysis, and later molecular physics, were boosted from the 19th century onwards and further developed in the 20th and 21st centuries, both in fundamental research and applied research thanks to industry applications.IMMCL research laboratories are accredited as French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) laboratories.