 According to historian Paul Preston, the minimum number of those executed by the rebels is 130,000, and is likely to have been far higher, with other historians placing the figure at 200,000 dead.The violence was carried out in the rebel zone by the military, the Civil Guard and the Falange in the name of the regime.Julius Ruiz reports that the Nationalists killed 100,000 people during the war and executed at least 28,000 immediately after.