 Paramount Pictures and CBS claimed, among other things, that the film infringed their rights by making use of the Klingon language.Randazza argued that Klingon is a living language, and, as such, is a "state of mind"—a system or process, which cannot be copyrighted, unlike a work.Randazza contended that since Klingon was invented in the 1980s, the language has expanded past its origins, pointing to examples like dictionaries, translations of Shakespeare, the Klingon Language Institute, official government statements, a wedding conducted in Klingon, and translation service available through Bing.