 A study in the journal Functional Ecology also showed that invasive rhododendron nectar was toxic to European honeybees ("Apis mellifera"), killing individuals within hours of consumption.It also paralyzed bees of the species "Andrena carantonica", a solitary mining bee.Bees became paralysed and exhibited excessive grooming or other distress behaviours after feeding on Rhododendron nectar, and ate less food than bees fed a control nectar.