 Directed by Marshall Bugeaud, who became the first Governor-General of Algeria, the conquest was violent, marked by a "scorched earth" policy designed to reduce the power of the native rulers, the Dey, including massacres, mass rapes, and other atrocities.Between 500,000 and 1,000,000, from approximately 3 million Algerians, were killed within the first three decades of the conquest.French losses from 1830–51 were 3,336 killed in action and 92,329 dead in the hospital.