 In a different study with a mean follow-up period of 7.3 years, the recurrence rate was 12.3%, with the recurrence rate being higher in children than in adults.Recent findings indicate that the keratinizing squamous epithelium of the middle ear could be subjected to human papillomavirus infection.Indeed, DNA belonging to oncogenic HPV16 has been detected in Cholesteatoma tissues, thereby underling that keratinizing squamous epithelia could potentially be a target tissue for HPV infection.