 About 900,000 gang members lived "within local communities across the country," and about 147,000 were in U.S. prisons or jails in 2009.By 1999, Hispanics accounted for 47% of all gang members, Blacks 31%, Whites 13%, and Asians 7%.In December 13, 2009, "The New York Times" published an article about growing gang violence on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and estimated that there were 39 gangs with 5,000 members on that reservation alone.