 To pressure de Gaulle to abandon his demand to keep the Sahara, the FLN organized demonstrations in France from Algerians living there in the fall of 1961, which the French police crushed.It was in the course of crushing one demonstration that a massacre of Algerians on 17 October 1961, which was ordered by Maurice Papon, took place.On 10 January 1962, the FLN started a "general offensive" against the OAS, staging a series on the "pied-noir" communities as a way of applying pressure.