 David Finkelhor completed an investigation of child sexual abuse in daycares in the United States, and published a report in 1988.The report found 270 cases of sexual abuse, of which 36 were classified as substantiated cases of ritual abuse.Mary de Young has pointed out that the report's definition of "substantiated" was overly liberal as it required only that one agency had decided that abuse had occurred, even if no action was taken, no arrests made, no operating licenses suspended.