 The Algerian population radicalized itself in particular because of the terrorist acts of French-sponsored "Main Rouge" (Red Hand) group, which targeted anti-colonialists in all of the Maghreb region (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria), killing, for example, Tunisian activist Farhat Hached in 1952.The FLN uprising presented nationalist groups with the question of whether to adopt armed revolt as the main course of action.During the first year of the war, Ferhat Abbas's Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto (UDMA), the ulema, and the Algerian Communist Party (PCA) maintained a friendly neutrality toward the FLN.