 William was already Stadtholder of the Netherlands and was able to call on Dutch and allied troops from Europe as well as England and Scotland.James was a seasoned officer who had proved his bravery when fighting in Europe, notably at the Battle of the Dunes (1658).However, recent historians have suggested that he was prone to panicking under pressure and making rash decisions, which it has been suggested may have been due to poor health associated with the Stuart line.