 The annals' account is mostly first-hand and includes documents such as papal letters and excerpts from conciliar acts.The text is characterized by the struggles between the Carolingians, their relations to the Holy Roman Church – ""sancta romana ecclesia"" – and as well the raids from neighbouring regions.Amongst these last are the practically annual reports of raids carried out by various warrior-bands from Scandinavia – whom are now popularly known as Vikings.