 The traditional interpretation is that 'rex illorum Chacanus' is meant to be understood as khagan, not actually a person's name, but instead an entirely foreign kind of sovereignty.However, there is an alternative interpretation, that "Chacanus" is a Latin transcription of the Scandinavian proper name "Håkan".Garipzanov holds to the latter and finds that the form 'chacanus' is a unique occurrence in Frankish sources; variants hereof, in the Carolingian sources, that do signify the foreign form of sovereignty are "caganus", "chagan", "kagan" and also "chaganum".