 On 15 December 1998, France suspended participation in the no-fly zones, arguing that they had been maintained for too long and were ineffective.On 16 December, U.S. President Bill Clinton ordered execution of Operation Desert Fox, a four-day air campaign against targets all over Iraq, citing Iraq's failure to comply with UNSC Resolutions.This resulted in an increased level of combat in the no-fly zones which lasted until 2003.