 He held a position as Lecturer in Econometrics at the University of Manchester from 1975 to 1984.He was appointed Professor of Economics at University College London in 1984 and Research Director of the IFS in 1986, before establishing the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Fiscal Policy at IFS in 1991.He was Visiting Professor of Economics at UBC in 1980, at MIT in 1993 and at Berkeley in 2000.