 The solution is to allow physical loops, but create a loop-free logical topology using the shortest path bridging (SPB) protocol or the older spanning tree protocols (STP) on the network switches.In the case of broadcast packets (broadcast radiation) over a switching loop, the situation may develop into a broadcast storm.In a very simple example, a switch with three ports A, B, and C has a normal node connected to port A while ports B and C are connected to each other in a loop.