 However, due to lack of facilities for mass production and drug clearance issue, the use of PDMS is still being speculated, even though it has great properties as microfluidic chip.Also, the biological process involved in proliferation and metabolism might be modified when compared to larger scales, because the materials have micro-structured scales comparable in size to cells.Fungi like "Cunninghamella elegans" can be used as a microbial model of mammalian drug metabolism thereby reducing the need for laboratory animals.