 Given that a tropical cyclone may be idealized as a , the Carnot heat engine efficiency is given by

Heat (enthalpy) per unit mass is given by

where formula_29 is the heat capacity of air, formula_30 is air temperature, formula_31 is the latent heat of vaporization, and formula_32 is the concentration of water vapor.The first component corresponds to sensible heat and the second to latent heat.There are two sources of heat input.