 The 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) Phototoxicity Test, approved by the OECD, detects the viability of 3T3 cells after exposure to a chemical in the presence or absence of light.Although originally derived from a mouse embryo, the 3T3 cell line was developed in 1962 
Healthy and diseased tissue can be donated from humans for toxicity testing and computer models of the heart, lung, and musculoskeletal systems can be used based on existing mathematical based data.N.A.