 This prevented the formation of a federal republican government, forced the dissolution of the Parliament and led to the instauration of a unitary praetorian republic ruled by General Serrano, paving the way for the Restoration of the Monarchy through another "pronunciamiento", this time by Arsenio Martínez Campos, in December 1874.Although the former queen, Isabella II was still alive, she recognized that she was too divisive as a leader, and abdicated in 1870 in favor of her son, Alfonso.Alfonso XII of Spain was duly crowned on 28 December 1874 after returning from exile.