 Cooper writes only three F-14 were shot down by Iraqis and four by Iranian surface-to-air missiles (SAM).Two Tomcats were lost in unknown circumstances during the battle, and seven crashed due to technical failure or accidents.During the war, the Iranian Air Force F-14s suffered 9 confirmed losses, one lost due to engine stall, one in unknown conditions, two by Iranian Hawk SAMs, two by MIG-23s and three were shot down by Mirage F-1EQs.