 Fraudulent elections followed in 1988, in which only 4% of the citizenry voted.The newly elected President, Leslie Manigat, was then overthrown some months later in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état.Another coup followed in September 1988, after the St. Jean Bosco massacre in which 13–50 people (estimates vary) attending a mass led by prominent government critic and Catholic priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide were killed.