 The Taifa kings competed against each other not only in war but also in the protection of the arts, and culture enjoyed a brief upswing.The Almohads, who had taken control of the Almoravids' Maghribi and al-Andalus territories by 1147, surpassed the Almoravides in fundamentalist Islamic outlook, and they treated the non-believer "dhimmis" harshly.Faced with the choice of death, conversion, or emigration, many Jews and Christians left.