title: Michael Caine

text: Caine later spoke of how Sellers used his impression of him as his answering machine message in the 1970s: “I called Peter one day, he wasn't in. And there was me saying, 'My name is Michael Caine. I just want you to know that Peter Sellers is not in. Not many people know that.' He invented that 'not many people know that.' And then everybody who rang him, they got me saying, 'Not many people know that. Over the years Caine himself had parodied his catchphrase and his "interesting facts", and has imitated others' impressions of him. In an interview with Michael Parkinson in 2007, Caine commented on the impersonations of his voice, "I can do it. 'Hello. My name is Michael Caine. Not many people know that.' I sound like a bloody moron. You know where they've got me now? On birthday cards. 'It's your birthday today. Not many people know that'. Now they've got me on Satellite navigation. It's me going, 'take the second turn on the right, and you'll wind up right in the shit. In 1983, Caine used his "not a lot of people know that" phrase as a joke in the film "Educating Rita".


title: Michael Caine

text: The comedy sketch show "Harry Enfield's Television Programme" included a series of sketches in which Paul Whitehouse played a character called Michael Paine; an amalgam of previous Michael Caine impressions, who in a reference to Caine's character Harry Palmer from "The Ipcress File" wears oversized, thick-rimmed glasses and a trench coat. He introduces himself with the line, "My name is Michael Paine, and I am a nosy neighbour" and in a spoof of the stakeout at the beginning of "The Ipcress File", recounts to the camera the 'suspiciously' mundane behaviour of his neighbours, before saying, "Not a lot of people know that I know that". Caine's Harry Palmer character (with the glasses, the girls, and disregard for authority) was among the many British pop cultural influences for Mike Myers’ "Austin Powers" films. At Myers’ request, Caine himself starred in "Austin Powers in Goldmember" (2002), with his portrayal of Nigel Powers, father of Austin Powers, spoofing Harry Palmer.


title: Michael Caine

text: A parody of Caine appears in the animated series "Ugly Americans", in the episode "The Dork Knight", which also parodies the film "The Dark Knight". In the episode, Caine appears as himself, portrayed in the light of his Alfred Pennyworth interpretation, and constantly annoys the protagonists with endless anecdotes of his career.


title: Michael Caine

text: The 2010 television series "The Trip", starring Rob Brydon and Steve Coogan, featured improvised scenes in which the two leads argue over who can do the better Michael Caine impression. Among the lines they repeat in their attempts to outdo each other are, "You were only supposed to blow the bloody doors off!" and, "She was only sixteen years old"—from "The Italian Job" and "Get Carter", respectively. Coogan and Brydon later did their impressions from a balcony at the Royal Albert Hall during a celebration of Caine's work, only to be interrupted by the real Caine informing them that they were out of shape: "For me, it's a full-time job."


title: Michael Caine

text: Craig Ferguson ran segments on his show where he parodied Caine, usually while wearing a space suit. In a 2010 interview with "The Telegraph", Caine spoke of the impersonations and how everyone he meets quotes lines at him, to the point he quotes them quoting him. When asked whether he is ever tired of telling his anecdotes, Caine stated: "I enjoy making people laugh. The trick is to tell them against yourself. If you praise yourself your stories aren't funny."


title: Michael Caine

text: In 2018, Caine starred in a British Airways’ pre-flight safety video, appearing with six other British celebrities, including actresses Olivia Colman and Naomie Harris. Promoting the Flying Start children’s charity partnership between BA and Comic Relief, they are featured ‘auditioning’ in humorous sketches while also highlighting important safety messages.


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine lives in Leatherhead, Surrey, in a house with a movie theatre which cost him £100,000 to build. He is patron to the Leatherhead Drama Festival. He has also lived in North Stoke, Oxfordshire; Clewer, Berkshire; Lowestoft, Suffolk; and Chelsea Harbour, London. In addition, Caine owns an apartment at the Apogee in Miami Beach, Florida. He still keeps a small flat near where he grew up in London. Caine has published three volumes of memoirs, "What's It All About?" in 1992, "The Elephant to Hollywood" in 2010, and "Blowing the Bloody Doors Off: And Other Lessons in Life" in 2018.


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine was married to actress Patricia Haines from 1955 to 1962. They had a daughter, Dominique (who was named after the heroine of Ayn Rand's novel, "The Fountainhead"). He dated Edina Ronay (1961–1964), Natalie Wood (1965–1966), Bianca Jagger (1968–1970) and Jill St. John (1971). Caine has been married to actress and model Shakira Baksh since 8 January 1973. They met after Caine saw her in a Maxwell House coffee commercial and a friend gave him her telephone number. He called her every day for ten days until she finally agreed to meet him. They have a daughter, Natasha Haleema. As a Christian married to a Muslim, he says "no questions or issues ever come up" and describes his wife's beliefs as "very benign and peaceful."


title: Michael Caine

text: Proud of his working class roots, Caine has discussed the opportunities his film career gave him: "I got to play football with Pelé, for God's sake. And I danced with Bob Fosse." He also became close friends with John Lennon, stating: "With John and I it was a case of bonding because we were both working class and we shared a sense of humour. We were pretending we weren't who people thought we were." His closest friends included two James Bond actors, Sean Connery and Roger Moore.


title: Michael Caine

text: Some time after his mother died, Caine and his younger brother, Stanley, learned they had an elder half-brother named David. He suffered from severe epilepsy and had been kept in Cane Hill Mental Hospital his entire life. Although their mother regularly visited her first son in the hospital, even her husband did not know the child existed. David died in 1992.


title: Michael Caine

text: In July 2016, Caine changed his name by deed poll to his long-time stage name in order to simplify security checks at airports. "[A security guard] would say, 'Hi Michael Caine,' and suddenly I'd be giving him a passport with a different name on it. I could stand there for an hour. So I changed my name."


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine has often been outspoken about his political views, referring to himself as a "left-wing Tory" influenced by both his working-class background and Korean War service. He left the United Kingdom for the United States in the late-1970s, citing the income tax levied on top earners by the Labour government of James Callaghan, which then stood at 83%. He lived in Beverly Hills during that time, but returned to the UK eight years later when taxes had been lowered by the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher:


title: Michael Caine

text: Following the launch of his film "Harry Brown" in 2009, Caine called for the reintroduction of national service in the UK to give young people "a sense of belonging, rather than a sense of violence".


title: Michael Caine

text: In 2009, Caine publicly criticised the Labour government of Gordon Brown for its new 50% income tax rate on top earners and threatened to return to the United States if his taxes were increased further. During the run up to the 2010 general election, Caine publicly endorsed the Conservative Party and appeared with then-party leader David Cameron for the launch of a civilian non-compulsory "National Service" for sixteen-year-olds, although Caine stated he had previously supported New Labour under the leadership of Tony Blair in 1997. In July 2014, Caine was reported to have been a celebrity investor in a tax avoidance scheme called Liberty. In November 2014, Caine described the proposed mansion tax by then Labour leader Ed Miliband as "preposterous and silly".


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine voted in favour of Brexit in the 2016 European Referendum, stating he would rather be a "poor master than a rich servant". He said he was a reluctant Leaver; "I don't know what to vote for. Both are scary. To me, you've now got in Europe a sort of government-by-proxy of everybody, who has now got carried away. Unless there is some extremely significant changes, we should get out."


title: Michael Caine

text: In a 2010 Classic FM interview, Caine said that he had persuaded a doctor to deliberately give his father a fatal overdose when he was dying from liver cancer in 1955 and endorsed voluntary euthanasia.


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine is a fan of chill-out music, and released a compilation CD called "Cained" in 2007 on the UMTV record label. He met his good friend Elton John and was discussing musical tastes, when Caine said that he had been creating chillout mix tapes as an amateur for years. Caine and Elton John had also appeared on the same episode of "Parkinson", where they sang an impromptu version of the pub tune “Knees Up Mother Brown”. Also in music, Caine provided vocal samples for the Ska-pop band Madness for their 1984 hit "Michael Caine", as his daughter was a fan. He has sung in film roles as well, including "Little Voice" and for the 1992 musical film "The Muppet Christmas Carol".


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine quit his 80-a-day smoking habit in the early 1970s after a lecture by Tony Curtis. He is a fan of cricket. This was alluded to by Gary Oldman, who acted with Caine in "The Dark Knight Rises", when he talked about Caine's acting methods: "It's, 'Take one'. He got it. 'Take two', got it. 'Take three', got it. He's just on the money. ... He doesn't fuck around because he wants to get back to cricket."


title: Michael Caine

text: Trivia books written by Caine include "Not Many People Know That!", "And Not Many People Know This Either!", "Michael Caine's Moving Picture Show", and "Not a Lot of People Know This is 1988". Proceeds from the books went to the National Playing Fields Association, a UK charity for which Caine served as vice president, and which aims to protect and promote open spaces for sports and recreation in British cities and towns.


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine has been nominated for an Oscar six times, winning his first Academy Award for the 1986 film "Hannah and Her Sisters", and his second in 1999 for "The Cider House Rules", in both cases as a supporting actor. His performance in "Educating Rita" in 1983 earned him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. Caine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s (the other one being Jack Nicholson); Laurence Olivier was also nominated for an acting Academy Award in five decades, beginning in 1939 and ending in 1978, as were Paul Newman (1950s, '60s, '80s, '90s and 2000s) and Denzel Washington (1980s, '90s, 2000s, '10s, and '20s). Caine appeared in seven films that were ranked in the BFI's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century.


title: Michael Caine

text: He was appointed a CBE in the 1992 Queen's Birthday Honours, and in the 2000 Birthday Honours he was knighted as "Sir Maurice Micklewhite CBE" by Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace. In a tribute to his background, he stated: "I was named after my father and I was knighted in his name because I love my father. I always kept my real name—I'm a very private and family-orientated person." In 2000 he received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award.


title: Michael Caine

text: In 2008, Caine was awarded the prize for Outstanding Contribution to Showbusiness at the Variety Club Awards. On 5 January 2011 he was made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by France's culture minister, Frédéric Mitterrand. In May 2012, Caine was awarded the Honorary Freedom of the London Borough of Southwark as a person of distinction and eminence of the borough. In 2017, Caine was the recipient of the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Peter Jackson.


title: Michael Caine

text: Caine has written three memoirs across several decades. He published the first, "What's It All About?", in 1992, whose title is a reference to a song in his 1966 hit film "Alfie". It was reviewed negatively in "The New York Times", which called it an "archetypal show-business memoir" that was engaging but tainted by the book's "name-dropping, the sexual boasting, the sensitivity to slights". His second memoir, "The Elephant to Hollywood", was published in 2010. Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" reviewed it positively, calling Caine a "charming raconteur" and "wittily self-deprecating".


title: Bob Saget

text: Robert Lane Saget (May 17, 1956 – January 9, 2022) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and television host. Saget played Danny Tanner on the ABC sitcom "Full House" (1987-1995), and reprised the role for its Netflix sequel "Fuller House" (2016–2020). He additionally was the original host of "America's Funniest Home Videos" (1989–1997), and the voice of narrator Ted Mosby on the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother" (2005–2014).


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget was also known for his adult-oriented stand-up comedy, and his 2014 album "That's What I'm Talkin' About" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 17, 1956, to a Jewish family. His father, Benjamin, was a supermarket executive, and his mother, Rosalyn "Dolly", was a hospital administrator. Early in his life, Saget's family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where he briefly attended Lake Taylor High. Saget would later attribute the start of his developing sense of humor to being a rebellious student at Norfolk's Temple Israel, a Conservative synagogue. Due to a lack of family in Virginia, Saget had his bar mitzvah in Philadelphia when he turned 13. Saget's family moved from Virginia to the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles, where he met Larry Fine of The Three Stooges and heard various stories from Fine. The family would then move back to Philadelphia prior to his senior year with Saget graduating from Abington Senior High School. Saget originally intended to become a doctor, but his Honors English teacher, Elaine Zimmerman, saw his creative potential and urged him to seek a career in films.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget attended Temple University's film school, where he created "Through Adam's Eyes", a black-and-white film about a boy who received reconstructive facial surgery, and was honored with an award of merit in the Student Academy Awards. While attending Temple, Saget made trips via train to The Improv and to Catch a Rising Star in New York City where he would play "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" while using a water bottle to make the guitar appear to weep. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1978. Saget intended to take graduate courses at the University of Southern California but quit after only a few days. Saget described himself at that time in an article by Glenn Esterly in the 1990 "Saturday Evening Post": "I was a cocky, overweight twenty-two-year-old. Then I had a gangrenous appendix taken out, almost died, and I got over being cocky or overweight." Saget talked about his burst appendix on "Anytime with Bob Kushell" and said that it happened on the Fourth of July, at the UCLA Medical Center, and that they iced the area for seven hours before taking it out and finding that it had become gangrenous.


title: Bob Saget

text: Following a short stint as a member of CBS' "The Morning Program" in early 1987, Saget was cast as Danny Tanner in "Full House", which became a success with family viewers, and landed in the Nielsen ratings' Top 30 beginning with season three. In 1989, Saget began as the host of "America's Funniest Home Videos", a role he held until 1997. During the early 1990s, Saget worked on both "Full House" and "AFV" simultaneously. In 2009, he returned to "AFV" for the 20th-anniversary one-hour special co-hosted with Tom Bergeron.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget directed the 1996 ABC television movie "For Hope", which was inspired by the life story of his sister, Gay Saget, who had died from scleroderma three years earlier.


title: Bob Saget

text: In 1998, he directed his first feature film, "Dirty Work", starring Norm Macdonald and Artie Lange. Released one year after he left his long-running role as host of "America's Funniest Home Videos", the film received broadly negative reviews from critics and earned low box office returns However, it has since become a cult favorite, due partially to Artie Lange's later popularity on "The Howard Stern Show" where the film is sometimes mentioned, often in unflattering terms.


title: Bob Saget

text: In 2001, Saget took on another widowed-dad role, starring on "Raising Dad" on The WB. It co-starred Kat Dennings, Brie Larson, and Jerry Adler and lasted only one season, from October 5, 2001, to May 10, 2002. He served as the voice of the future Ted Mosby, who narrated the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother", which ran for nine seasons from September 19, 2005, to March 31, 2014. He was host of the NBC game show "1 vs. 100" from 2006 to 2008. His HBO comedy special, "That Ain't Right", came out on DVD on August 28, 2007. It is dedicated to his father, Ben Saget, who died at age 89 on January 30, 2007, due to complications from congestive heart failure. From 2005 to 2010, Saget had a recurring role in four episodes of the HBO TV series "Entourage" playing a parody version of himself. He would later appear in the 2015 feature film based on the series. 2005 also saw him be part of "Rollin' with Saget", a song by Jamie Kennedy and Stuart Stone, about a night out with him that shows off his raunchier behaviors. Saget even does vocals on the track. The video appeared on the MTV series "Blowin' Up", and he would come to use it as a pseudo-theme song on his stand-up tours and website.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget wrote, directed, and starred in "Farce of the Penguins", a parody of 2005's "March of the Penguins", which was released direct-to-DVD, in January 2007. Saget appeared in the Broadway musical "The Drowsy Chaperone" for a limited four-month engagement. He played "Man in Chair" while Jonathan Crombie, who normally played the character on Broadway, was with the national tour of the musical. On January 4, 2008, Saget's caricature was unveiled at Sardi's Restaurant. In April 2009, he debuted in a new sitcom along with his co-star Cynthia Stevenson on ABC called "Surviving Suburbia". The series, which was originally slated to air on The CW, ended after a single abbreviated season. In 2010, Saget starred in the A&E series "Strange Days", in which he followed others in different activities and lifestyles, documenting their adventures in unusual ways.


title: Bob Saget

text: In 2014, his book "Dirty Daddy" was released, in which he writes about his career, comedy influences, and experiences with life and death. He embarked on a small tour in support of the book, including the Pemberton Music Festival, where he introduced Snoop Dogg prior to performing his own set. In the same year, he toured Australia for the first time, with a stand-up show called "Bob Saget Live: The Dirty Daddy Tour". The show was performed in the major cities of Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, and Perth. In 2015 and 2016, he guest-starred in two episodes of "Grandfathered", starring and produced by his "Full House" co-star John Stamos. From 2016 to 2020, Saget reprised his role as Danny Tanner for fifteen episodes of "Full House" sequel series, "Fuller House", including the series premiere and finale. In 2017, he released another stand-up special, "Bob Saget: Zero to Sixty". In 2019, he was announced as host of ABC's "Videos After Dark". Saget also hosted the game show "Nashville Squares" on CMT, and made his first of three appearances as a panelist on "To Tell the Truth". In 2020, Saget competed in season four of "The Masked Singer" as "Squiggly Monster". Saget also launched a podcast titled "Bob Saget's Here for You" with Studio71. Its 130th and final episode, with comedian Dane Cook, was released posthumously on January 31, 2022. He would also make an appearance on Nikki Glaser's E! series "Welcome Home Nikki Glaser" in an episode that aired in June 2022.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget was a board member of the Scleroderma Research Foundation. His scleroderma efforts benefited celebrities like "Scary Movie" star Regina Hall. In an interview with "Ability Magazine", Saget discussed how his sister was diagnosed with scleroderma at 43 and died at 47. She had previously been misdiagnosed numerous times.


title: Bob Saget

text: Despite his television work gaining a reputation for being wholesome, Saget's stand-up act was more known for delivering raunchier, adult-oriented comedy.


title: Bob Saget

text: On January 9, 2022, at about 4 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Saget was found unresponsive in his room at the Ritz-Carlton Orlando, Grande Lakes, south of Orlando, Florida, near Williamsburg. He had missed his scheduled checkout time, and family members became concerned after being unable to contact him. Emergency responders pronounced Saget dead at the scene; he was 65 years old. No cause of death was immediately announced, though foul play and drug use were ruled out by the sheriff and the medical examiner. At the time of his death, Saget was on a stand-up tour, and had performed in Ponte Vedra Beach the previous evening.


title: Bob Saget

text: An autopsy report was released on February 9, 2022, and found that Saget had blunt head trauma from an accidental blow to the back of his head, likely from a fall, and subsequently died from the resulting injuries (subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage) in his sleep. At the time of his death, he was COVID-19 positive, though there were no signs of inflammation. On February 15, 2022, Saget's family sued to prevent county officials from releasing additional documents from the investigation of his death, arguing that their graphic content would present privacy violations; a permanent injunction was issued against their release on March 14.


title: Bob Saget

text: News of Saget's death broke during a broadcast of "America's Funniest Home Videos" in the Eastern and Central time zones, and ABC interrupted the program to announce it. A tribute video was posted on the show's official YouTube channel, and a dedication to Saget was added before the credits of the following episode.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget had been honored with donations and offers to help the charity Scleroderma Research Foundation (SRF), whose board of directors Saget served on since 2003. According to a statement made by the foundation's executive director on January 13, 2022, the foundation has received donations from more than 1,500 donors from all over the world, totaling more than $90,000. Additionally, a donation of $1.5 million was awarded to the charity by one of its board members in the form of a grant, which will match every donation made in memory of Saget.


title: Bob Saget

text: Saget's funeral took place on January 14, 2022. He was buried at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery near the graves of his parents and sister.


title: Bob Saget

text: A tribute special was filmed at The Comedy Store by longtime friend Mike Binder on January 30. Titled "Dirty Daddy: The Bob Saget Tribute", it was released on Netflix on June 10, 2022, and included footage from a private memorial held at Jeff Franklin's home.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: The 2021–22 Premier League was the 30th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs since its establishment in 1992, and the 123rd season of top-flight English football overall. The start and end dates for the season were released on 25 March 2021, and the fixtures were released on 16 June 2021.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Manchester City successfully defended their title, securing a sixth Premier League title and eighth English league title overall on the final day of the season; it was also the club's fourth title in the last five seasons.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Manchester City were the defending champions, having won their fifth Premier League title during the previous season.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: This season saw the return of full attendance, after the final third of the 2019–20 and the entirety of the 2020–21 seasons were held with limited or no attendance due to the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This season was the second season to feature a winter break, with no Premier League matches scheduled between 23 January and 7 February 2022.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: The early title race was dominated by Liverpool, Manchester City and Chelsea, who were separated by two points by early December. By December, Chelsea led the way following a run of just one defeat in 14 matches until a shock defeat to West Ham United gave City the edge. A run of 12 consecutive victories, concluding in a victory over Chelsea that essentially ended their title hopes, gave Manchester City a 13 point lead by January (though Liverpool had two games in hand due to COVID-19 postponements). Liverpool then went on a 10 game winning run, including both their games in hand, to cut City's lead to a single point ahead of their meeting at the Etihad on 10 April. A 2-2 draw retained City's narrow lead going into the final weeks of the season.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: On 7 October, Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund purchased an 80% stake and completed the £300m takeover of Newcastle United, ending the 14 year ownership of Mike Ashley. On 12 October 2021, an emergency meeting was convened by the other 19 Premier League clubs between themselves and the Premier League, where they voiced their anger at the league's decision to ratify the takeover; Newcastle United were the only Premier League club to be excluded from attending the meeting. On 18 November 2021, Premier League clubs voted to tighten the Premier League's financial controls in order to limit Newcastle United's spending power.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: At the time of the takeover, Newcastle were in 19th position having failed to win any of their first seven games. The new ownership sacked Steve Bruce and hired Eddie Howe; while Newcastle did not win a game until the 15th attempt, their form improved dramatically after five signings in the January transfer window. A run of 12 wins in their final 18 games secured an 11th place finish.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: In December 2021, multiple matches were postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreaks in multiple clubs, with many clubs calling for the league to shut down until 2022. Following a meeting on 20 December involving all 20 Premier League clubs, a decision was made to fulfil the fixtures over the Christmas period "where it is safe to do so". Clubs were advised that if they had 13 fit players, plus a goalkeeper, then they should fulfil their fixtures.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: On 2 March, Roman Abramovich announced that he planned to sell Chelsea, stating his intent to donate all proceeds of the sale to the victims of the war in Ukraine. In the following days, numerous reports about interested buyers surfaced including Swiss billionaire Hansjörg Wyss, Los Angeles Dodgers and Lakers shareholder Todd Boehly, Pakistani businessman Javed Afridi, and other unnamed parties.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: On 10 March, the British government froze all of Roman Abramovich's assets due to his close personal ties with Vladimir Putin, leaving Chelsea unable to sell tickets or merchandise, buy or sell players, and negotiate contracts. The UK government issued Chelsea a licence that allowed the club to continue footballing activities, ensured that employees continued to be paid, and allowed season-ticket holders to continue to attend games.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: The end of the season saw the title race, Champions League, Europa League, Conference League qualifications, and the relegation battle all decided on the final day for the first time in Premier League history.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Heading into the final day of the season, Manchester City led by a solitary point, meaning City needed to match or better Liverpool's result to clinch back-to-back titles. Liverpool needed to win and hope that Manchester City dropped points to Aston Villa, managed by former Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Liverpool went behind to Wolves in the 3rd minute, but quickly equalised. Aston Villa took a shock 2–0 lead after 63 minutes thanks to goals from Matty Cash and Philippe Coutinho. Manchester City then scored three goals (from substitute Ilkay Gundogan and Rodri) in under six minutes to take the lead in the match. Two late goals from Liverpool meant they won their game 3–1, but the final results confirmed City as champions for the fourth time in five seasons.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Norwich City, who were promoted from the Championship last season, suffered relegation with four games to spare following a 10th loss in 12 matches, against Aston Villa. Norwich also recorded the worst goal difference since Derby County in 2007–08. The next weekend Watford, who were also promoted, were the second to go down after defeat to Crystal Palace.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: The final relegation spot was contested by Everton, Burnley and Leeds United, all of whom spent time in the bottom three in the final months of the season. Everton endured a run of just three wins between October and April, but victories against Manchester United, Chelsea and Leicester City meant that victory over Crystal Palace in their final home game of the season would secure safety. Although they went 2–0 down at half time, Dominic Calvert-Lewin's goal in the 85th minute to put Everton 3–2 ahead had fans invading the pitch. Fans stormed the pitch again at full time, after avoiding what would have been the club's first relegation since 1951 and prolonging their top-flight status for a 69th year running.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Burnley and Leeds went into the final day level on 35 points, with Burnley having the edge over Leeds due to a superior goal difference. Burnley fell behind 2–0 to Newcastle, while a Raphinha penalty put Leeds ahead in the 54th minute. A 78th minute equaliser from Brentford and a Maxwel Cornet goal gave Burnley hope of survival, but an added time winner from Jack Harrison confirmed safety for Leeds and relegated Burnley after six consecutive seasons in the Premier League.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: With Chelsea securing a top-four finish for a fourth straight season, only Tottenham and Arsenal were in the hunt for the final Champions League spot. Arsenal were in 4th with three games remaining, but Arsenal's defeats against Tottenham in the North London derby and Newcastle in their final away game combined with Tottenham victory against Burnley in their final home game saw Tottenham leapfrog them with one game remaining. Spurs just needed a point against already relegated Norwich on the final day to secure Champions League qualification for the first time in three years, and won 5–0 with two goals from Son Heung-min, who secured a joint Golden Boot with Mohamed Salah. Arsenal failed to qualify for the Champions League for a fifth season, despite beating Everton 5–1.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Manchester United, despite the return of Cristiano Ronaldo, announced the departure of Ole Gunnar Solskjær on 21 November. Results did not improve under Ralf Rangnick as they were already out of the Champions League after posting a goal difference of zero and finishing with their worst points tally in the Premier League era. However, despite losing 1–0 at Selhurst Park on the last day of the season, 58 points was enough for a Europa League spot following West Ham’s 3–1 defeat at Brighton, stopping them from qualifying for back-to-back Europa League spots; they instead had to settle for a spot in the Europa Conference League.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Brentford manager Thomas Frank had a promising first season in the Premier League. Thanks to January signing Christian Eriksen, the team won seven out of their last 11 games of the season, which included a 4–1 victory against Chelsea. The Dane guided the Bees to a 13th place finish, 11 points above the relegation zone and not spending a single week in the relegation zone.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Brighton had their best season in the top-flight with Graham Potter's side finishing ninth with a total of 51 points, despite their poor home record. Their 4–0 win against Manchester United was another new high for them, as it was also their biggest top-flight win.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: Twenty teams competed in the league – the top seventeen teams from the previous season and the three teams promoted from the Championship. The promoted teams are Norwich City, Watford (who both return to the top flight after a year's absence) and Brentford (who return to the top flight after a seventy-four year absence). This was also Brentford's first season in the Premier League. They replaced Fulham, West Bromwich Albion (both teams relegated after just one year in the top flight) and Sheffield United (relegated after a two-year top flight spell).


title: Aamir Khan

text: Mohammed Aamir Hussain Khan (; born 14 March 1965) is an Indian actor, film director and producer who works in Hindi films. Through his career spanning over 30 years, Khan has established himself as one of the most notable actors of Indian cinema. Khan is the recipient of numerous awards, including nine Filmfare Awards, four National Film Awards, and an AACTA Award, with one of his film productions also receiving an Academy Award nomination. He was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri in 2003 and the Padma Bhushan in 2010, and received an honorary title from the Government of China in 2017.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan first appeared on screen as a child actor in his uncle Nasir Hussain's film "Yaadon Ki Baaraat" (1973). As an adult, his first feature film role was in "Holi" (1984). He began a full-time acting career with a leading role in "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" (1988). His performance in "Raakh" (1989) earned him a National Film Award in the Special Mention category. He established himself as a leading actor in the 1990s by appearing in a number of commercially successful films, including "Dil" (1990), "Raja Hindustani" (1996)—for which he won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor—and "Sarfarosh" (1999).


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 1999, he founded Aamir Khan Productions, whose first film, "Lagaan" (2001), was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and earned him a National Film Award for Best Popular Film and two more Filmfare Awards (Best Actor and Best Film). His performance in "Dil Chahta Hai" (2001) also received appreciation. After a four-year hiatus, Khan returned to appear in leading roles, notably in "Fanaa" (2006) and "Rang De Basanti" (2006). He made his directorial debut with "Taare Zameen Par" (2007), which won him the Filmfare Awards for Best Film and Best Director. Khan's biggest commercial successes came with "Ghajini" (2008), "3 Idiots" (2009), "Dhoom 3" (2013), "PK" (2014), and "Dangal" (2016), each having held the record for being the highest-grossing Indian film. Khan won his third Best Actor award at Filmfare for "Dangal".


title: Aamir Khan

text: He has a large followings especially in India and China, and has been described by "Newsweek" as "the biggest movie star" in the world. He has been regularly listed among "The 500 Most Influential Muslims" of the world. He also created and hosted the television talk show "Satyamev Jayate". His work as a social reformer earned him an appearance on the "Time" 100 list of most influential people in the world in 2013.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Mohammed Aamir Hussain Khan was born on 14 March 1965 in Bombay to Tahir Hussain, a film producer, and Zeenat Hussain. Several of his relatives were members of the Hindi film industry, including his late paternal uncle, producer-director Nasir Hussain. Outside the movie industry, he is also related to Abul Kalam Azad through his grandmother. Khan is the eldest of four siblings; he has a brother—Faisal Khan—and two sisters, Farhat and Nikhat Khan. His nephew, Imran Khan, is a contemporary Hindi film actor. Khan is also the second cousin of six-time Member of Rajya Sabha, former Bharatiya Janata Party vice president and the 16th Governor of Manipur Najma Heptulla, who is the grand-niece of Abul Kalam Azad.


title: Aamir Khan

text: As a child actor, Khan appeared on screen in two minor roles. At the age of eight, he appeared in "Yaadon Ki Baaraat" (1973), which was the first masala film in Bollywood. The following year, he portrayed the younger version of Mahendra Sandhu's character in "Madhosh". Khan attended J.B. Petit School for his pre-primary education, later switching to St. Anne's High School, Bandra, until the eighth grade, and completed his ninth and tenth grades at Bombay Scottish School, Mahim. He played tennis in state level championships and became a state-level champion. He professed he was "much more into sports than studies". Khan completed his twelfth grade at Mumbai's Narsee Monjee College, and described his childhood as "tough" due to the financial problems his father had, as his film productions were mostly unsuccessful. Khan said, "There would be at least 30 calls a day from creditors calling for their money," and that he was always at risk of being expelled from school for non-payment of fees.


title: Aamir Khan

text: At the age of sixteen, Khan was involved in the experimental process of making a 40-minute silent film, "Paranoia", which was directed by his school friend Aditya Bhattacharya. The film was funded by filmmaker Shriram Lagoo, an acquaintance of Bhattacharya, who provided them with a few thousand rupees. Khan's parents did not want him to make films and wished that he would instead pursue a "steady" career as an engineer or doctor; for that reason, the shooting schedule of "Paranoia" was kept secret. In the film, he played the lead role alongside actors Neena Gupta and Victor Banerjee while simultaneously assisting Bhattacharya. He said that the experience of working on it encouraged him to pursue a career in film.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan subsequently joined a theatre group called Avantar, where he worked backstage for over a year. He made his stage debut with a small role in the company's Gujarati play, "Kesar Bina", at Prithvi Theatre. He went on to act in two of their Hindi plays, and one English play, which was titled "Clearing House". After completing high school, Khan decided to discontinue studying, and work instead as an assistant director to Hussain on the Hindi films "Manzil Manzil" and "Zabardast".


title: Aamir Khan

text: In addition to assisting Hussain, Khan acted in documentaries directed by the students of the Film and Television Institute of India. Director Ketan Mehta noticed Khan in those films, and offered him a role in the low-budget experimental film "Holi". Featuring an ensemble cast of newcomers, "Holi" was based on a play by Mahesh Elkunchwar, and dealt with the practice of ragging in India. "The New York Times" said that the film was "melodramatic" but "very decently and exuberantly performed by the nonprofessional actors". Khan played a rowdy college student, an "insignificant" role that was described by CNN-IBN as "lack[ing] in finesse".


title: Aamir Khan

text: "Holi" failed to attract a broad audience, but Hussain and his son Mansoor cast Khan as the leading man in Mansoor's directorial debut "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" (1988) opposite Juhi Chawla. The film is a tale of unrequited love and parental opposition, with Khan portraying Raj, a "clean-cut, wholesome boy-next-door". It became a major commercial success, and catapulted both Khan and Chawla to stardom. It received seven Filmfare Awards including a Best Male Debut trophy for Khan.


title: Aamir Khan

text: "Raakh", a crime thriller from Bhattacharya that was filmed before the production of "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak", was released in 1989. Despite a poor reception at the box office, the film was critically acclaimed. Khan was awarded a National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention for his performances in both "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" and "Raakh". Later that year, he reunited with Chawla for the romantic comedy "Love Love Love", a commercial failure.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan performed in five films released in 1990. He found no success in "Awwal Number," "Tum Mere Ho", "Deewana Mujh Sa Nahin," or "Jawani Zindabad". However, the Indra Kumar-directed romantic drama "Dil" —a tale of parental opposition to teenage love—(opposite Madhuri Dixit) was a major success; it was highly popular among the youth, and emerged as the highest-grossing Hindi film of the year. He followed this success with a leading role alongside Pooja Bhatt in "Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin", a remake of the American film "It Happened One Night", which was a box office hit.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan appeared in several other films in the early 1990s, including "Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar" (1992), "Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke" (1993) (for which he also wrote the screenplay), and "Rangeela" (1995). Most of these films were successful critically and commercially. Other successes include "Andaz Apna Apna; a"t the time of its release, the movie was reviewed unfavorably by critics, but over the years has gained cult status. Less successful films included "Isi Ka Naam Zindagi" and "Daulat Ki Jung". In 1993, Khan also appeared in Yash Chopra's "Parampara". Despite having an ensemble cast that included Sunil Dutt, Vinod Khanna, Raveena Tandon, and Saif Ali Khan, the film failed to find a wide audience and became a critical and commercial failure. Khan was also cast in "Time Machine"; however, due to financial constraints, the film was shelved and remained unreleased.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan continued to act in just one or two films a year, which was an unusual trait for a mainstream Hindi cinema actor. His only release in 1996 was the Dharmesh Darshan-directed commercial blockbuster "Raja Hindustani", in which he was paired opposite Karisma Kapoor. The film earned him his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor after seven previous nominations, and went on to become the biggest hit of the year, as well as the third-highest grossing Indian film of the 1990s. Adjusted for inflation, "Raja Hindustani" is the fourth highest-grossing film in India since the 1990s. Khan's career seemed to hit a plateau at this point in time, and most of the films to follow for the next few years were only partially successful. In 1997, he acted in "Ishq", which performed well at the box office. The following year, Khan appeared in the moderately successful "Ghulam", for which he also did playback singing.


title: Aamir Khan

text: John Mathew Matthan's "Sarfarosh", Khan's first film in 1999, was also moderately successful and was received better than usual at the box office. The film and Khan were highly appreciated by movie critics, as was his role in Deepa Mehta's Canadian-Indian art house film "Earth" (1998). "Earth" was internationally acclaimed by critics such as Roger Ebert for Khan's portrayal of Dil Nawaz ("Ice Candy Man"). His first release for the 2000s, "Mela", in which he acted alongside his brother Faisal, was both a box office and critical bomb.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2001, he produced and starred in "Lagaan", and received a nomination for Best Foreign Language Film at the 74th Academy Awards. The film also received critical acclaim at several international film festivals, in addition to winning numerous Indian awards such as a National Film Award. Khan also won his second Filmare Award for Best Actor.


title: Aamir Khan

text: "Lagaan" success was followed by "Dil Chahta Hai" later that year. The film was written and directed by then-debutant Farhan Akhtar, and won the 2001 Filmfare Award for Best Film (Critics). Khan then took a four-year break from Bollywood after his divorce from Reena Dutta.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan made a comeback in 2005 as the lead in Ketan Mehta's "", which was screened at the Cannes Film Festival.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra's "Rang De Basanti" was Khan's first film in 2006. His performance was critically acclaimed, earning him a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor and various nominations for "Best Actor". The film went on to become one of the highest-grossing films of the year, and was selected as India's official entry to the Oscars. Although the film was not shortlisted as a nominee for the Oscar, it received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language at the BAFTA Awards in England. In Khan's next movie, "Fanaa" (2006), he played a Kashmiri insurgent terrorist, his second antagonistic role after "Earth", the role offered him creative possibilities to try something different.


title: Aamir Khan

text: His 2007 film, "Taare Zameen Par", was also produced by him and marked his directorial debut. The film, which was the second release from Aamir Khan Productions, opened to positive responses from critics and audiences. Khan's performance was well-received, though he was particularly applauded for his directing. Khan received the Filmfare Awards for Best Director and Best Film of 2007, as well as the National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare. The film won other awards, including the 2008 Zee Cine Awards and 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards. The film was initially acclaimed as India's official entry for the 2009 Academy Awards Best Foreign Film.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2008, Khan appeared in the film "Ghajini". The film was a major commercial success and became the highest-grossing Bollywood movie of that year. For his performance in the film, Khan received several "Best Actor" nominations at various award ceremonies as well as his fifteenth Filmfare Best Actor nomination.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2009, Khan appeared in "3 Idiots" as Ranchodas Chanchad. The film became the highest-grossing Bollywood film ever at the time, and broke the previous record set by "Ghajini". "3 Idiots" was one of the few Indian films to become a success in East Asian markets such as China and Japan at the time, making it the highest-grossing Bollywood film ever in overseas markets. In May 2012, it was the first Indian film to be officially released on YouTube. The film won six Filmfare Awards (including Best Film and Best Director), ten Star Screen Awards, eight IIFA Awards, and three National Film Awards. Overseas, it won the Grand Prize at Japan's Videoyasan Awards, and was nominated for Best Outstanding Foreign Language Film at the Japan Academy Awards and Best Foreign Film at China's Beijing International Film Festival.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan has been credited with opening up the Chinese markets for Indian films. His father Tahir Hussain previously had success in China with "Caravan", but Indian films declined in the country afterwards, until Khan opened up the Chinese market for Indian films in the early 21st century. "Lagaan" became the first Indian film to have a nationwide release there. When "3 Idiots" released in China, the country was only the 15th largest film market partly due to China's widespread pirate DVD distribution at the time, which introduced the film to most Chinese audiences, becoming a cult hit in the country. It became China's 12th favourite film of all time, according to ratings on Chinese film review site Douban, with only one domestic Chinese film ("Farewell My Concubine") ranked higher. As a result, Khan gained a large growing Chinese fanbase. After "3 Idiots" went viral, several of his other films, such as "Taare Zameen Par" and "Ghajini" also gained a cult following. By 2013, China grew to become the world's second largest film market (after the United States), contributing to Khan's box office success with "Dhoom 3" (2013), "PK" (2014), and "Dangal" (2016).


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan appeared next in the psychological crime thriller, "". Directed Reema Kagti and produced by Excel Entertainment and Khan's own production house, it costarred two of khan's frequent co-stars; Kareena Kapoor and Rani Mukerji. Khan, who never knew how to swim went under rigorous training for this underwater sequence. He was trained for 3 months under a specialist trainer and went well prepared for the shoot. According to "Box Office India", "Talaash: The Answer Lies Within" grossed 895 million nett in 3 weeks and was declared a "hit".


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan's next venture was "Dhoom 3" with Yash Raj Films, which he considered to be the most difficult role of his career. The film was released worldwide on 20 December 2013. Box Office India declared "Dhoom 3" "the biggest hit of 2013" after two days of release, with the film grossing worldwide in three days and worldwide in ten days, making it the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2014, Khan appeared as the eponymous alien in Rajkumar Hirani's comedy-drama "PK". The film received critical acclaim and emerged as the 4th highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time. Khan's performance was unanimously praised by critics including Tamil leading actor Vijay, who was impressed by Aamir's perfection and dedication and reportedly enjoyed the film with his family on Christmas Eve. Raja Sen called the film a "triumph" and said: "Aamir Khan is exceptional in "PK," creating an irresistibly goofy character and playing him with absolute conviction." The film won two Filmfare Awards, and in Japan received a top award at the 9th Tokyo Newspaper Film Awards event held by "Tokyo Shimbun".


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2016, Khan produced and starred in "Dangal", and was cast as wrestler Mahavir Singh Phogat. He played him at different ages, from 20 to 60 years old; he weighed 98 kg to portray the older Phogat before losing weight to play the younger version. The film received positive reviews from critics and emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time domestically, surpassing "PK", making it the fifth time Khan had achieved this feat. "Dangal" also became an overseas blockbuster success in China, where it was the 16th highest-grossing film of all time, the 8th highest-grossing foreign film, and the highest-grossing non-Hollywood foreign film. Worldwide, it became the fifth highest-grossing non-English language film of all time, and gave Khan one of the highest salaries for a non-Hollywood actor at $42 million. "Dangal" has also been watched over 350million times on Chinese streaming platforms. The film won him two more Filmfare Awards (Best Film and his third Best Actor award).


title: Aamir Khan

text: In October 2017, Khan starred in a supporting role in his production "Secret Superstar". The film went on to become one of the most profitable films of all time, grossing worldwide on a limited budget of and is the highest-grossing Indian film featuring a female protagonist.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In November 2018, he starred alongside Amitabh Bachchan in the action adventure film "Thugs of Hindostan". The film received negative reviews from critics. Produced at an estimated budget of , it is one of the most expensive Bollywood films. the film grossed () at the worldwide box office and was considered a box office failure.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In March 2019, on his 54th birthday, Khan confirmed that he would be seen next in "Laal Singh Chaddha", an adaptation of "Forrest Gump". The film features Khan in the lead and is directed by Advait Chandan, who previously directed Khan in "Secret Superstar". The film released on 11 August 2022 with mixed reviews from the critics and was a box office bomb.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan co-wrote the screenplay and script for "Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke", where he also starred in the lead role. Khan began working as a producer after he set up Aamir Khan Productions in 1999, with "Lagaan" being its first film. It was selected as India's official entry to the 74th Academy Awards in the Best Foreign Language Film category, for which it became India's third nominee ever; it won the National Film Award for Most Popular Film, an award shared between Khan and the film's director, Ashutosh Gowariker. For producing the documentary "Madness in the Desert" on the making of "Lagaan", Khan and director Satyajit Bhatkal were awarded the National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film at the 51st National Film Awards ceremony. Khan wrote the climax of "Rang De Basanti" (2006), which he also starred in.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2007, he directed and produced "Taare Zameen Par", which marked his directorial debut. Khan also played a supporting role in the film. The film was conceived and developed by Amole Gupte and Deepa Bhatia. The movie was critically acclaimed and a box office success. "Taare Zameen Par" won the 2008 Filmfare Best Movie Award as well as a number of other Filmfare and Star Screen Awards. Khan's work also won him the Best Director. In 2008, his nephew Imran Khan debuted in the film "Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na" under his production house. The film was a big hit in India, and earned Khan another nomination for Best Film at Filmfare. He also co-wrote the blockbuster film "Ghajini", which he starred in; Khan made alterations to the original 2005 Tamil film and rewrote the climax. In 2010, he released "Peepli Live", which was selected as India's official entry for the 83rd Academy Awards' Best Foreign Film category.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2011, Khan released his home production "Dhobi Ghat", an art house film directed by Rao. In the same year, Khan co-produced the English language black comedy film "Delhi Belly" with UTV Motion Pictures. The film opened to critical acclaim and was a commercial success, with a domestic revenue of over . In 2012, Khan starred in Reema Kagti's neo-noir mystery film "Talaash", which was a joint production of Excel Entertainment and Aamir Khan Productions. The film was declared a semi-hit in India and accumulated a worldwide gross of .


title: Aamir Khan

text: His next production was "Secret Superstar", which became one of the most profitable films ever in proportion to its limited budget. In China, "Secret Superstar" broke "Dangal"s record for the highest-grossing opening weekend by an Indian film, cementing Khan's status as a superstar in China "Secret Superstar" is the third highest-grossing Indian film of all time With his films giving serious competition to Hollywood in the Chinese market, the success of films such as "Dangal" and "Secret Superstar" drove up the buyout prices of Indian film imports for Chinese distributors. Khan's earnings for "Secret Superstar" from the Chinese box office is estimated to be , higher than what any other Indian actor-producer has ever earned from a film. The film has increased Aamir Khan's Chinese box office total to $346.5million (2,231crore).


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan made his television debut with his talk show, "Satyamev Jayate", which dealt with social issues, on 6 May 2012. On the radio, Khan said that in view of a phenomenal public response, he would come up with a second season of the show. The show went live simultaneously on StarPlus, Star World, and national broadcaster Doordarshan in the 11 am Sunday slot in eight languages, being the first to do so in India. 'It opened to positive reviews and feedback from social activists, media houses, doctors, and film and television personalities. Khan was also praised for his effort. Despite the initial hype and being labelled as the channel's most ambitious project to date, the initial viewership figures were not very encouraging; the show received an average television rating of 2.9 (with a sample size of 14.4 million, it was watched by only 20% of TV viewers) in the six metros in its debut episode on 6 May. The rating was lower than those of most other celebrity-hosted shows at the time.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In a 2009 interview, Khan stated that he tends to take an independent approach to the world of filmmaking, noting that he does not "do different things; I try to do it in a different manner. I think every person should follow his/her dream and try and make it possible to create an ability to achieve it backed by its practicality." He also said that he is more interested in the process of filmmaking than in the result: "For me, the process is more important, more joyful. I would like to have my entire concentration on the process right from the first step."


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan has a reputation for avoiding award ceremonies and not accepting any popular Indian film awards. Although he has been nominated many times, Khan has not attended any Indian film award ceremonies and has stated that "Indian film awards lack credibility". When asked about the selection procedure and authenticity of popular Indian film awards, he replied, "Fact is that I have no objections to film awards. I just feel that if I don't value a particular film award, then I won't attend it either. Apart from the National Film Awards, I don't see any other award ceremony that I should give value to. My personal experience about these award ceremonies is that I don't trust them. I have no faith in them so I would prefer to stay away."


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2007, Khan was invited to have a wax imitation of himself put on display at Madame Tussauds in London. Khan declined, saying, "It's not important to me ... people will see my films if they want to. Also, I cannot deal with so many things, I have bandwidth only for that much." Khan also endorsed brands including Coca-Cola, Godrej, Titan Watches, Tata Sky, Toyota Innova, Samsung, Monaco Biscuits, and Snapdeal.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In April 2013, he was among Time magazine's list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. Khan was featured on the cover of "Time" Asia edition in the September 2012 issue with the title "Khan's Quest" – "He is breaking the Bollywood mold by tackling India's social evils. Can an actor change a nation?" In addition to being highly popular in India, he is also highly popular overseas, particularly in China, the second largest movie market. He is the most followed Indian national on Chinese social media site Sina Weibo, above Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. Khan is also popular in Turkey, Hong Kong, and Singapore, among many other countries.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In February 2015, Khan stated his views on a popular online comedy group All India Bakchod for its celebrity roast episode. He said, "I completely believe in freedom of speech, no issues. But we have to understand that we all have a certain responsibility. When I heard what was being described to me I felt it was a violent event." He further said violence is not just physical but it has verbal aspects to it. He called the roast a shameless act, and even called out his friends from the film industry—Karan, Ranveer, and Arjun.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In Indian media, he is often referred to as "Mr. Perfectionist" for his dedication to his work. In Chinese media, he is often referred to as a "national treasure of India" or "conscience of India", due to much of his work tackling various social issues that are pervasive in Indian society, some of which are also relevant to Chinese society, in a way that domestic Chinese films often do not portray. His work is highly regarded in China, with films such as "Taare Zameen Par" (2007), "3 Idiots" (2009) and "Dangal" (2016), as well as his television show "Satyamev Jayate" (20122014), being some of the highest-rated productions on Douban. In China, Khan is known for being associated with quality cinema and committed to social causes, and is often seen as an activist-actor. In the past, Chinese media used to refer to him as "India's Andy Lau", but as Khan gained more familiarity with mainstream Chinese audiences, younger fans have often referred to him by the moniker "Uncle Aamir" or "Mishu". He has become a household name in China, where he is currently the most famous Indian. His book "I'll Do it My Way" is commonly found in bookstores across China, while Chinese retailers sell merchandise ranging from "Uncle Aamir" smartphone cases to "Dhoom 3"-style black hats. His effect in China has drawn comparisons with previous Indian cultural icons in the country, including the Buddha, Bengali writer Rabindranath Tagore, and actors Raj Kapoor and Nargis.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In April 2006, Khan participated in the demonstrations put up by the Narmada Bachao Andolan committee after the Gujarat government's decision to raise the height of the Narmada dam. He was quoted to support adivasis (tribes), who might be displaced from their homes. Later he faced protests and a partial ban on his film "Fanaa", but the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, supported him by saying, "Everyone has the freedom of expression. If someone says something on a particular subject, that doesn't mean you should start protesting." Aamir also lent his support to the Janlokpal Bill Movement led by Anna Hazare in August 2011.


title: Aamir Khan

text: He has been supporting common causes; when asked about views on the entertainment tax in the 2012 budget, Khan said, "I don't want any reduction in that, all I expect is focus on education and nutrition." He quit the GOI's copyrights panels in February 2010 after facing sharp differences with other members. During the promotion of "3 Idiots", he journeyed to diverse parts of India, mostly to small towns, noting that "filmmakers from Mumbai don't understand small-town India". This experience of reaching out to "regional India" was extended in "Satyamev Jayate". On 16 July 2012, Khan met the prime minister and the minister for social justice and empowerment, and discussed the plight of manual scavengers and sought eradication of manual scavenging in the country.


title: Aamir Khan

text: On 30 November 2011, Khan was appointed national brand ambassador of UNICEF to promote child nutrition. He is part of the government-organised IEC campaign to raise awareness about malnutrition. He is also known for supporting causes such as feminism and improved education in India, which are themes in several of his films. His crossover success in China has been described as a form of Indian soft power, helping to improve China–India relations, despite political tensions between the two nations (such as Doklam and the Maldives), with Khan stating he wants to help "improve India-China ties". Due to Khan being a household name in China, he has been considered to be India's brand ambassador to China by the Indian commerce ministry, which may contribute to reducing the trade deficit with China.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2016, Khan came up with the Maharashtra government to make the state drought-free in the next five years. He has been doing "shramdaan" for the last 3 years. He asked people to come to join him in this cause and become a Jal Mitra by doing "shramdaan". While explaining to journalists, Khan said, "the reason why popular TV show Satyamev Jayate did not go on air was not because of Court's verdict, but because all the producers, directors and talents working on this show were busy in this water project. For us, the water conservation project in the State is the most important initiative." Khan is a co-founder of Paani Foundation with Rao. The foundation is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation which is active in the area of drought prevention and watershed management in the Maharashtra, India.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan married Reena Dutta, who had a small part in "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak", on 18 April 1986. They have two children: a son named Junaid and a daughter, Ira. Dutta was involved briefly in Khan's career when she worked as a producer for "Lagaan". In December 2002, Khan filed for divorce and Dutta took custody of both children.


title: Aamir Khan

text: On 28 December 2005, Khan married Kiran Rao, who had been an assistant director to Gowariker on the set of "Lagaan". On 5 December 2011, they announced the birth of their son, Azad Rao Khan, through a surrogate mother. In July 2021, the couple announced their separation and stated they would raise their son Azad as co-parents.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2007, Khan lost a custody battle for his younger brother Faisal to their father, Tahir Hussain, who died on 2 February 2010.


title: Aamir Khan

text: As a practising Muslim, Khan along with his mother Zeenat, performed Hajj, an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims, in 2013. His former wife Rao is a Hindu. In March 2015, Khan stated that he quit non-vegetarian food and adopted a vegan lifestyle after being inspired by her.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Before pursuing a full-time acting career, Khan was an avid tennis player. He played professionally in state level championships in the 1980s and became a state level tennis champion prior to entering a full-time acting career. In 2014, Khan participated in an exhibition match for the International Premier Tennis League, playing doubles with grand slam winners Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic, as well as Sania Mirza.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan's children have also ventured into the entertainment industry. In September 2019, Ira announced on social media that she would be directing a theatrical production, her first, a version of Euripides' "Medea." Veteran actress Sarika, ex-wife of Kamal Haasan, and her daughter Akshara Haasan produced the play, and Khan's sister Farhat Dutta had painted a poster for its promotion.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In 2006, Aamir Khan lent his support to the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement, led by activist Medha Patkar, in their actions against raising the height of the Sardar Sarovar Dam. While promoting his film "Fanaa" in Gujarat, he made some comments regarding the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Gujarat chief minister Narendra Modi's handling of the Narmada Dam and the necessity to rehabilitate the displaced villagers. These comments were met with outrage from the BJP, with the government of Gujarat demanding an apology from Khan. He refused to apologise, saying "I am saying exactly what the Supreme Court has said. I only asked for rehabilitation of poor farmers. I never spoke against the construction of the dam. I will not apologise for my comments on the issue." An unofficial ban of "Fanaa" was put in place for the entire state of Gujarat. Protests occurred against the film and Khan, which included burning posters of him. As a result, several multiplex owners stated that they could not provide security to customers, and all theatre owners in Gujarat refused to screen the film.


title: Aamir Khan

text: In November 2015, Khan expressed the feelings that he and Rao had about rising intolerance in India at an event in New Delhi hosted by "The Indian Express" newspaper in response to political events in India that included violent attacks against Muslims and intellectuals, and the absence of swift or strong condemnation from the country's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Modi government. Khan remarked that Rao, fearing for her family, suggested to "move out of India".


title: Aamir Khan

text: BJP responded with an online campaigns through its social media cell to intimidate Khan. The ensuing political controversy was referred to as the "intolerance row" in the Indian media, and started a debate on social media. Khan faced intense backlash for his comments, with certain sections of society branding him "anti-national", while others voiced their agreement about his concerns and supported him.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Much of the backlash against Khan, an Indian Muslim with a Hindu wife, came from Hindu nationalist groups. The far-right political party Shiv Sena sharply criticised Khan's statement, labelling it "the language of treachery", and the BJP condemned the incident as a "Moral Offence". In the wake of the controversy, burning of posters took place in Ludhiana by Shiv Sena. Punjab's Shiv Sena chief Rajeev Tandon also made a violent threat, offering a reward to anyone who slaps Khan. As a result, the Khans were given additional police protection. Khan responded to the backlash and threats by stating, "it saddens me to say you are only proving my point".


title: Aamir Khan

text: In response to the backlash, Khan received support from a number of celebrities and public figures, including Indian National Congress leader Rahul Gandhi, Hrithik Roshan, Shah Rukh Khan, Mamata Banerjee, Rajkumar Hirani, Kabir Khan, Farah Khan, A. R. Rahman, and Priyanka Chopra. On the other hand, some criticised Khan's remark about intolerance, including Shatrughan Sinha, Anupam Kher, Raveena Tandon, and Vivek Oberoi.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan later stated that he was not leaving the country. A lawsuit was filed against Khan and Rao at Jaunpur in ACJM II court. Khan was dropped as brand ambassador of the government's official Incredible India tourism campaign. A company that Khan was endorsing, Snapdeal, faced backlash from Khan's critics for being associated with him, before the company distanced themselves from his comments.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan later clarified his comments in January 2016, saying that he never said India was intolerant or that he thought about leaving the country, saying he was "born in India and will die in India". He said that his comments were taken out of context and the media was responsible for it to some extent. Despite this, he continued to face backlash later in the year, with calls for protests and boycotts against "Dangal". In October 2016, the Vishva Hindu Parishad called for protests against the film. Following its release in December 2016, #BoycottDangal trended on Twitter, and BJP general secretary Kailash Vijayvargiya called for protests against the film. Despite calls to boycott the film, "Dangal" turned out to be a massive hit, grossing more than in India.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan won 9 Filmfare Awards, out of 32 nominations, including the Best Actor award for "Raja Hindustani" (1996), "Lagaan" (2001), and "Dangal" (2016); the Best Actor (Critics) award for "Rang De Basanti" (2006); the Best Film award for "Lagaan", "Taare Zameen Par" (2007), and "Dangal"; and the Best Director award for "Taare Zameen Par". He also won four National Film Awards: as an actor in "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" (1988) and "Raakh" (1989), as the producer of "Lagaan" and "Madness in the Desert" (2004), and as the director and producer of "Taare Zameen Par".


title: Aamir Khan

text: Overseas, "Lagaan" earned an Oscar nomination for Best Foreign Language Film at the 74th Academy Awards in 2002. Khan later commented on the loss of "Lagaan" at the Oscars: "Certainly we were disappointed. But the thing that really kept us in our spirits was that the entire country was behind us". In addition to an Oscar nomination, "Lagaan" received a European Film Award nomination for Best Non-European Film, and won awards at a number of international film festivals, including the Bergen International Film Festival, Leeds International Film Festival, Locarno International Film Festival, NatFilm Festival, and Portland International Film Festival. "Taare Zameen Par" was also India's submission to the Oscars, but did not receive a nomination. Another Khan production, "Peepli Live" (2010), was India's submission to the Oscars, while "Dhobi Ghat" (2011) was longlisted for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language, though neither were nominated. In 2017, "Dangal" won Khan the inaugural Best Asian Film award at Australia's 7th AACTA Awards, as well as Movie of the Year and Top Foreign Actor from China's Douban Film Awards, and it was an award nominee for the 68th Berlin International Film Festival.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Khan has received honorary accolades, including the Government of India's Padma Shri in 2003 and Padma Bhushan in 2010, and an Honorary Doctorate by the Maulana Azad National Urdu University (MANUU) for his distinguished contributions to the Indian cinema and entertainment industry. In 2011, he accepted an invitation from the Berlin Film Festival to be a member of the jury, after having previously turned down their offer three times since 2008. In 2012, he appeared on the "Time" 100 list of most influential people in the world. In 2017, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences invited Khan to be a member, and he received an award for "National Treasure of India" from the Government of China.


title: Aamir Khan

text: Despite having won numerous awards and honors, Aamir Khan is known for refusing to attend, or accept awards from, Indian film award ceremonies. This has occasionally led to controversy, notably at the 2017 National Film Awards, where Khan was snubbed from the Best Actor award for his performance in "Dangal". Committee member Priyadarshan explained that they did not want to award him because of his refusal to attend the award ceremony. Despite avoiding Indian award ceremonies, he made an exception for the 2002 Academy Awards; his reasoning was that he saw it as an opportunity for his film "Lagaan" to reach a wider audience, but did not care much about the award itself.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Gemma Chan (born 29 November 1982) is an English actress. Born and raised in London, Chan attended the Newstead Wood School for Girls and studied law at Worcester College, Oxford before choosing to pursue a career in acting instead, enrolling at the Drama Centre London. Chan was subsequently cast in various supporting roles on television, including "Doctor Who", "Sherlock", "Secret Diary of a Call Girl", "Fresh Meat", "Bedlam" and "True Love". She appeared in independent films "Exam" (2009), "Submarine" (2010) and "Belles Familles" (2015). Chan performed in the British premiere of "Yellow Face" at The Park Theatre and "Our Ajax" at the Southwark Playhouse.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan had minor roles in "" (2014), "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" (2016) and "" (2017). She starred as a servile anthropomorph in the science fiction series "Humans" (2015–2018) to critical praise. Chan gained widespread recognition for portraying Astrid Leong-Teo in Jon M. Chu's romantic comedy "Crazy Rich Asians" (2018), which became a critical and commercial hit. Chan along with the ensemble was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture. Chan played Bess of Hardwick in the historical drama "Mary Queen of Scots" (2018) and voiced the antagonist Namaari in Disney's animated film "Raya and the Last Dragon" (2021). In Marvel Studios' Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Chan portrayed Minn-Erva in "Captain Marvel" (2019) before headlining "Eternals" (2021) as Sersi.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Gemma Chan was born at Guy's Hospital in London, England. Her father was an engineer who grew up in Hong Kong and her mother was a pharmacist and raised in Greenock, Scotland, after her parents emigrated from Hong Kong.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Raised in Locksbottom in the London Borough of Bromley, Chan attended Newstead Wood School for Girls in Orpington, London and went on to study law at Worcester College, Oxford. Following graduation, Chan gained a training contract offer as a graduate at the law firm Slaughter and May, but turned it down to study at the Drama Centre London and pursue an acting career.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan made her professional debut in Horror Channel's 2006 miniseries "When Evil Calls". She was a competitor on the first series of the reality series "Project Catwalk". Chan made her stage debut in the British premiere of Bertolt Brecht's last play, "Turandot", at the Hampstead Theatre, London, in 2008. Chan appeared in the autumn 2009 special of the BBC's "Doctor Who", titled "The Waters of Mars", playing geologist Mia Bennett. The episode later won a Hugo Award. In the same year, Chan starred in "Exam" (2009) which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival to mixed reviews. The following year, Chan appeared in Channel 4's "The IT Crowd" in a parody as "female Sulu".


title: Gemma Chan

text: Also in 2010, she got one of her first breakout roles, as a heavily accented Chinese immigrant appearing in "The Blind Banker", a first series episode of BBC's "Sherlock". The episode was criticized partly because of its orientalist clichés. Chan's next releases, "Pimp", (2010) and "Shanghai" (2010), were panned by critics, while "Submarine" premiered at the 35th Toronto International Film Festival to positive reviews. Chan was cast as a series regular in the final series of "Secret Diary of a Call Girl", as the rival of Billie Piper's character. The series aired on ITV2 in 2011.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Later that year, she appeared in Channel 4's "Fresh Meat". A supporter of human rights, she made a film for Amnesty International to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 2012, Chan was a regular in series two of Sky Living's supernatural drama "Bedlam" where she portrayed Kiera, an "impulsive" and "free spirited" woman. She appeared in "True Love", a five-part semi-improvised television series produced by Working Title for BBC One. Chan met her co-stars on set, and had free rein to "flesh out" her character during the written scenarios. In June 2013, Chan performed in the British premiere of "Yellow Face" by American playwright David Henry Hwang at The Park Theatre, London, and returned for its 2014 revival at the Royal National Theatre. While promoting the play, Chan spoke about her struggles to get cast in non Chinese-related productions and period dramas due to her ethnicity.


title: Gemma Chan

text: In November 2013, Chan performed in the world premiere of "Our Ajax" by Timberlake Wertenbaker at the Southwark Playhouse, London. Wertenbaker chose her to play the war goddess Athena after she saw her performance in "Yellow Face". Michael Billington of "The Guardian" described her performance as "beautifully svelte omniscience". Later that year, she starred in BBC One crime drama "Shetland", playing young archaeologist Hattie James. Chan guest-starred in the BBC's "Death in Paradise". She was a cast member of Channel 4 romantic drama "Dates". On 6 August 2013, Chan appeared as a guest on the "Cultural Exchange" feature of the BBC Radio 4 series "Front Row", where she nominated the film "The Princess Bride" as a film she loves. Chan appeared in "The Double" (2013), which premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival to critical success.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan appeared in the action-thriller "" (2014), which met mixed reception and financial success. She portrayed the protagonist's girlfriend, Chen-Lin, in French comedy-drama "Belles Familles" (2015), which was released at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. Chan portrayed American witch Madame Ya Zhou in "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" (2016), which was nominated for five BAFTAs.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Also in 2018, Chan co-starred as Astrid Leong-Teo in the film "Crazy Rich Asians". Originally asked to portray the lead, Chan preferred the "more intriguing" role of Astrid. She first heard about the novel "Crazy Rich Asians" in a text message from her sister, read it on holiday, and "fell in love with Astrid". On her role, Chan stated that "what you see with Astrid is not necessarily what you get. There are layers to her ... [she] seemingly has it all together. The film became the highest-grossing romantic comedy of the decade and received critical acclaim for its cast, visuals and on-screen representation. "The Hollywood Reporter" lauded Chan as "a radiant presence who lights up her every scene".


title: Gemma Chan

text: That same year, she featured in the short film titled "Leading Lady Parts" in support of the Time's Up movement. Chan appeared as Petronella in "London Fields" (2018), which was a box-office bomb. Chan portrayed Elizabeth Hardwick in Josie Rourke's directorial debut, historical drama "Mary Queen of Scots" (2018), which premiered at the AFI Fest. Chan's casting "provoked controversy among internet trolls", as her character had been a white woman. Chan responded that "if John Wayne can play Genghis Khan, I can play Bess of Hardwick" and remarked that "art should reflect life now." Chan appeared in "Captain Marvel" (2019) in a supporting role as Minn-Erva, a sniper who is part of the Kree Starforce. The role required an extensive amount of prosthetic makeup, described as "four layers of airbrush paint" that took four hours to apply. The film had the sixth-biggest opening of all time to critical success. That same year, she was one of fifteen women selected to appear on the cover of the September 2019 issue of "British Vogue", by guest editor Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.


title: Gemma Chan

text: In 2020 Chan starred alongside Meryl Streep in Steven Soderbergh's comedy "Let Them All Talk". She portrayed Karen, a literary agent who has a "maybe-romance" with her client's nephew. The film premiered on HBO Max to positive reception. That same year, Chan was the fifteenth recipient of the Women In Film Max Mara Face of the Future award, given for her "distinguished acting achievements" and "personal embodiment of timeless style and grace". Chan voiced the warrior princess Namaari, the antagonist of the Disney animated film "Raya and the Last Dragon", which premiered in March 2021. The film was received positively by critics. That May, she briefly produced "Hold Still, Vincent", a podcast about the 1982 murder of Vincent Chin. It was subsequently pulled from distribution by the producing team after it was revealed that the podcast's production company did not consult with Chin's estate during the project. November 2021 saw the release of the Marvel Studios film "Eternals", in which she starred as Sersi, a member of the titular race. This was her second role in the Marvel Cinematic Universe after "Captain Marvel" (2019).


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan will reprise her roles in the two "Crazy Rich Asians" sequel installments, "China Rich Girlfriend" and "Rich People Problems". Chan appears in psychological thriller "Don't Worry Darling" directed by Olivia Wilde and will appear in science fiction film "True Love" directed by Gareth Edwards, and horror film "Cuckoo", alongside Hunter Schafer and John Malkovich. She will star in the Apple TV+ anthology series "Extrapolations".


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan travelled with Save the Children to Lebanon to meet Syrian child refugees in 2017. In 2018 she partnered with Moet to support Help Refugees UK. She volunteered for Cook-19, an organization that delivers meals to key workers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chan has supported UNICEF UK since 2015 and travelled to Jamaica to raise awareness of domestic violence with the organisation in 2019. She participated in "Soccer Aid" to raise funds for the charity in 2019. She participated in World Children's Day commemorations in 2020. She was appointed a celebrity ambassador for UNICEF UK in 2021.


title: Gemma Chan

text: In response to the xenophobic and racist attacks against people of East and Southeast Asian descent during the COVID-19 pandemic, Chan advocated for the #StopAAPIhate movement and fundraising campaign. In May 2021 Chan launched the #StopESEAHate campaign to assist people of East and Southeast Asian descent who are victims of hate crimes.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan dated English comedian Jack Whitehall from 2011 to 2017. She began a relationship with English actor Dominic Cooper in 2018. They reside together in London.


title: Gemma Chan

text: In September 2013 Chan appeared at the Old Bailey in central London as a witness to a fatal stabbing outside Putney Bridge tube station.


title: Gemma Chan

text: Chan and her partner Dominic Cooper participated in the People's Vote March, expressing support for a second Brexit referendum, in October 2018. She has criticised both the Conservative and Labour parties for their processes in choosing leadership.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Edgar Allan Poe (; Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States, and of American literature. Poe was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story, and considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre, as well as a significant contributor to the emerging genre of science fiction. Poe is the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe was born in Boston, the second child of actors David and Elizabeth "Eliza" Poe. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and when his mother died the following year, Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond, Virginia. They never formally adopted him, but he was with them well into young adulthood. He attended the University of Virginia but left after a year due to lack of money. He quarreled with John Allan over the funds for his education, and his gambling debts. In 1827, having enlisted in the United States Army under an assumed name, he published his first collection "Tamerlane and Other Poems", credited only to "a Bostonian". Poe and Allan reached a temporary rapprochement after the death of Allan's wife in 1829. Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point, declared a firm wish to be a poet and writer, and parted ways with Allan.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. In 1836, he married his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, but she died of tuberculosis in 1847. In January 1845, Poe published his poem "The Raven" to instant success. He planned for years to produce his own journal "The Penn" (later renamed "The Stylus"), but before it could be produced, he died in Baltimore on October 7, 1849, at age 40, under mysterious circumstances. The cause of his death remains unknown, and has been variously attributed to many causes including disease, alcoholism, substance abuse, and suicide.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe and his works influenced literature around the world, as well as specialized fields such as cosmology and cryptography. He and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Edgar Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809, the second child of American actor David Poe Jr. and English-born actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe. He had an elder brother, William, and a younger sister, Rosalie. Their grandfather, David Poe, had emigrated from County Cavan, Ireland, around 1750.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: His father abandoned the family in 1810, and his mother died a year later from consumption (pulmonary tuberculosis). Poe was then taken into the home of John Allan, a successful merchant in Richmond, Virginia, who dealt in a variety of goods, including cloth, wheat, tombstones, tobacco, and slaves. The Allans served as a foster family and gave him the name "Edgar Allan Poe", although they never formally adopted him.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: The Allan family had Poe baptized into the Episcopal Church in 1812. John Allan alternately spoiled and aggressively disciplined his foster son. The family sailed to the United Kingdom in 1815, and Poe attended the grammar school for a short period in Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland (where Allan was born) before rejoining the family in London in 1816. There he studied at a boarding school in Chelsea until summer 1817. He was subsequently entered at the Reverend John Bransby's Manor House School at Stoke Newington, then a suburb north of London.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe moved with the Allans back to Richmond in 1820. In 1824, he served as the lieutenant of the Richmond youth honor guard as the city celebrated the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette. In March 1825, Allan's uncle and business benefactor William Galt died, who was said to be one of the wealthiest men in Richmond, leaving Allan several acres of real estate. The inheritance was estimated at $750,000 (). By summer 1825, Allan celebrated his expansive wealth by purchasing a two-story brick house called Moldavia.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe may have become engaged to Sarah Elmira Royster before he registered at the University of Virginia in February 1826 to study ancient and modern languages. The university was in its infancy, established on the ideals of its founder Thomas Jefferson. It had strict rules against gambling, horses, guns, tobacco, and alcohol, but these rules were mostly ignored. Jefferson had enacted a system of student self-government, allowing students to choose their own studies, make their own arrangements for boarding, and report all wrongdoing to the faculty. The unique system was still in chaos, and there was a high dropout rate. During his time there, Poe lost touch with Royster and also became estranged from his foster father over gambling debts. He claimed that Allan had not given him sufficient money to register for classes, purchase texts, and procure and furnish a dormitory. Allan did send additional money and clothes, but Poe's debts increased. Poe gave up on the university after a year but did not feel welcome returning to Richmond, especially when he learned that his sweetheart Royster had married another man, Alexander Shelton. He traveled to Boston in April 1827, sustaining himself with odd jobs as a clerk and newspaper writer, and he started using the pseudonym Henri Le Rennet during this period.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe was unable to support himself, so he enlisted in the United States Army as a private on May 27, 1827, using the name "Edgar A. Perry". He claimed that he was even though he was 18. He first served at Fort Independence in Boston Harbor for five dollars a month. That same year, he released his first book, a 40-page collection of poetry titled "Tamerlane and Other Poems", attributed with the byline "by a Bostonian". Only 50 copies were printed, and the book received virtually no attention. Poe's regiment was posted to Fort Moultrie in Charleston, South Carolina, and traveled by ship on the brig "Waltham" on November 8, 1827. Poe was promoted to "artificer", an enlisted tradesman who prepared shells for artillery, and had his monthly pay doubled. He served for two years and attained the rank of Sergeant Major for Artillery (the highest rank that a non-commissioned officer could achieve); he then sought to end his five-year enlistment early. Poe revealed his real name and his circumstances to his commanding officer, Lieutenant Howard, who would only allow Poe to be discharged if he reconciled with Allan. Poe wrote a letter to Allan, who was unsympathetic and spent several months ignoring Poe's pleas; Allan may not have written to Poe even to make him aware of his foster mother's illness. Frances Allan died on February 28, 1829, and Poe visited the day after her burial. Perhaps softened by his wife's death, Allan agreed to support Poe's attempt to be discharged in order to receive an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe was finally discharged on April 15, 1829, after securing a replacement to finish his enlisted term for him. Before entering West Point, he moved back to Baltimore for a time to stay with his widowed aunt Maria Clemm, her daughter Virginia Eliza Clemm (Poe's first cousin), his brother Henry, and his invalid grandmother Elizabeth Cairnes Poe. In September of that year, Poe received "the very first words of encouragement I ever remember to have heard" in a review of his poetry by influential critic John Neal, prompting Poe to dedicate one of the poems to Neal in his second book "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems", published in Baltimore in 1829.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe traveled to West Point and matriculated as a cadet on July 1, 1830. In October 1830, Allan married his second wife Louisa Patterson. The marriage and bitter quarrels with Poe over the children born to Allan out of extramarital affairs led to the foster father finally disowning Poe. Poe decided to leave West Point by purposely getting court-martialed. On February 8, 1831, he was tried for gross neglect of duty and disobedience of orders for refusing to attend formations, classes, or church. He tactically pleaded not guilty to induce dismissal, knowing that he would be found guilty.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe left for New York in February 1831 and released a third volume of poems, simply titled "Poems." The book was financed with help from his fellow cadets at West Point, many of whom donated 75 cents to the cause, raising a total of $170. They may have been expecting verses similar to the satirical ones that Poe had been writing about commanding officers. It was printed by Elam Bliss of New York, labeled as "Second Edition," and including a page saying, "To the U.S. Corps of Cadets this volume is respectfully dedicated". The book once again reprinted the long poems "Tamerlane" and "Al Aaraaf" but also six previously unpublished poems, including early versions of "To Helen", "Israfel", and "The City in the Sea". Poe returned to Baltimore to his aunt, brother, and cousin in March 1831. His elder brother Henry had been in ill health, in part due to problems with alcoholism, and he died on August 1, 1831.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: After his brother's death, Poe began more earnest attempts to start his career as a writer, but he chose a difficult time in American publishing to do so. He was one of the first Americans to live by writing alone and was hampered by the lack of an international copyright law. American publishers often produced unauthorized copies of British works rather than paying for new work by Americans. The industry was also particularly hurt by the Panic of 1837. There was a booming growth in American periodicals around this time, fueled in part by new technology, but many did not last beyond a few issues. Publishers often refused to pay their writers or paid them much later than they promised, and Poe repeatedly resorted to humiliating pleas for money and other assistance.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: After his early attempts at poetry, Poe had turned his attention to prose, likely based on John Neal's critiques in "The Yankee" magazine. He placed a few stories with a Philadelphia publication and began work on his only drama "Politian". The "Baltimore Saturday Visiter" awarded him a prize in October 1833 for his short story "MS. Found in a Bottle". The story brought him to the attention of John P. Kennedy, a Baltimorean of considerable means who helped Poe place some of his stories and introduced him to Thomas W. White, editor of the "Southern Literary Messenger" in Richmond. Poe became assistant editor of the periodical in August 1835, but White discharged him within a few weeks for being drunk on the job. Poe returned to Baltimore where he obtained a license to marry his cousin Virginia on September 22, 1835, though it is unknown if they were married at that time. He was 26 and she was 13.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe was reinstated by White after promising good behavior, and he went back to Richmond with Virginia and her mother. He remained at the "Messenger" until January 1837. During this period, Poe claimed that its circulation increased from 700 to 3,500. He published several poems, book reviews, critiques, and stories in the paper. On May 16, 1836, he and Virginia held a Presbyterian wedding ceremony performed by Amasa Converse at their Richmond boarding house, with a witness falsely attesting Clemm's age as 21.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe's novel "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket" was published and widely reviewed in 1838. In the summer of 1839, Poe became assistant editor of "Burton's Gentleman's Magazine". He published numerous articles, stories, and reviews, enhancing his reputation as a trenchant critic which he had established at the "Messenger". Also in 1839, the collection "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque" was published in two volumes, though he made little money from it and it received mixed reviews.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: In June 1840, Poe published a prospectus announcing his intentions to start his own journal called "The Stylus", although he originally intended to call it "The Penn", as it would have been based in Philadelphia. He bought advertising space for his prospectus in the June 6, 1840, issue of Philadelphia's "Saturday Evening Post": ""Prospectus of the Penn Magazine, a Monthly Literary journal to be edited and published in the city of Philadelphia by Edgar A. Poe."" The journal was never produced before Poe's death.


title: Edgar Allan Poe

text: Poe left "Burton's" after about a year and found a position as writer and co-editor at the then-very-successful monthly "Graham's Magazine". In the last number of "Graham's" for 1841, Poe was among the co-signatories to an editorial note of celebration of the tremendous success that magazine had achieved in the past year: "Perhaps the editors of no magazine, either in America or in Europe, ever sat down, at the close of a year, to contemplate the progress of their work with more satisfaction than we do now. Our success has been unexampled, almost incredible. We may assert without fear of contradiction that no periodical ever witnessed the same increase during so short a period."