title: Stephen Fry

text: In December 2006, he was ranked sixth for the BBC's Top Living Icon Award, was featured on "The Culture Show", and was voted "Most Intelligent Man on Television" by readers of "Radio Times". The "Independent on Sunday" Pink List named Fry the second most influential gay person in Britain in May 2007; he had taken the twenty-third position on the list the previous year. Later the same month, he was announced as the 2007 "Mind Champion of the Year", in recognition of the success of his documentary "The Secret Life of a Manic Depressive" in raising awareness of bipolar disorder. He was also nominated in "Best Entertainment Performance" for "QI" and "Best Factual Series" for "Secret Life of the Manic Depressive" at the British Academy Television Awards 2007. That same year, "Broadcast" magazine listed Fry at number four in its "Hot 100" list of influential on-screen performers, describing him as a polymath and a "national treasure". He was also granted a lifetime achievement award at the British Comedy Awards on 5 December 2007, and the Special Recognition Award at the National Television Awards on 20 January 2010.


title: Stephen Fry

text: BBC Four dedicated two nights of programming to Fry on 17 and 18 August 2007, in celebration of his 50th birthday. The first night, comprising programmes featuring Fry, began with a sixty-minute documentary entitled "". The second night was composed of programmes selected by Fry, as well as a 60-minute interview with Mark Lawson and a half-hour special, "Stephen Fry: Guilty". The weekend programming proved such a ratings hit for BBC Four that it was repeated on BBC Two on 16 and 17 September 2007. In 2011, he was the subject of Molly Lewis's song "An Open Letter to Stephen Fry", in which the singer jokingly offers herself as a surrogate mother for his child. In February 2011, Fry was awarded the Outstanding Lifetime Achievement Award in Cultural Humanism by the Humanist Chaplaincy at Harvard University, the Harvard Secular Society and the American Humanist Association.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2012, Fry wrote the foreword to the Union of UEA Students report on the student experience for LGBT+ members. As recognition of his public support for LGBT+ rights and for the Union's report, the Union of UEA Students awarded him, on 18 October 2012, Honorary Life Membership of the Union. In March 2014 Fry beat David Attenborough and Davina McCall to win the Best Presenter award at the Royal Television Society Programme Awards. The award was given for his BBC2 programme "". In an episode of "QI", "M-Merriment", originally broadcast in December 2015, Fry was awarded membership of The Magic Circle.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2017, the bird louse "Saepocephalum stephenfryii" was named after him, in honour of his contributions to the popularization of science as host of "QI".


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2021, he was made a Commander of the Order of the Phoenix by Greek President Katerina Sakellaropoulou for his contribution in enhancing knowledge about Greece in the United Kingdom and reinforcing ties between the two countries.


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry married comedian Elliott Spencer in January 2015 in Dereham, Norfolk. Fry lives in West Bilney in Norfolk. He became friends with King Charles III while Charles was Prince of Wales, through his work with The Prince's Trust. He attended the Prince's wedding to Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005. He is also a friend of Rowan Atkinson and was best man at Atkinson's wedding to Sunetra Sastry at the Russian Tea Room in New York City. He was a friend of John Mills. His best friend is Hugh Laurie, whom he met while both were at Cambridge and with whom he has collaborated many times over the years. He was best man at Laurie's wedding and is godfather to all three of his children.


title: Stephen Fry

text: A fan of cricket, Fry has stated that he is related to former England cricketer C. B. Fry, and was interviewed for the "Ashes Fever" DVD, reporting on England's victory over Australia in the 2005 Ashes series. Regarding football, he is a supporter of Norwich City FC, and is a regular visitor to their home ground at Carrow Road. He has been described as "deeply dippy for all things digital" and claims to have bought the third Macintosh computer sold in the UK (his friend Douglas Adams bought the first two). He jokes that he has never encountered a smartphone that he has not purchased. He counts Wikipedia among his favourite websites "because I like to find out that I died, and that I'm currently in a ballet in China, and all the other very accurate and important things that Wikipedia brings us all".


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry has a long-standing interest in Internet production, including having his own website since 1997. His site "The New Adventures of Mr Stephen Fry" has existed since 2002 and has attracted many visitors following his first blog in September 2007, which was consisted of a 6,500-word "blessay" on smartphones. In February 2008, he launched his private podcast series, "Stephen Fry's Podgrams" (defunct), and a forum, including discussions on depression and activities in which he is involved. The website content is created by Fry and produced by Andrew Sampson. Fry's weekly gadget column "Dork Talk" appeared in "The Guardian" from November 2007 to October 2008. Fry is also a supporter of GNU and the Free Software Foundation. For the 25th anniversary of the GNU operating system, Fry appeared in a video explaining some of the philosophy behind GNU by likening it to the sharing found in science. When in London, he drives a dark green TX4 London cab. This vehicle has been featured in Fry's production "Stephen Fry in America". On 16 April 2018, Fry released the first episode of a new podcast "Stephen Fry's 7 Deadly Sins" available on his website and other podcasting platforms The first episode of the second series was released on 13 January 2020 and continued to be released over the course of nine weeks.


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry struggled to keep his homosexuality secret during his teenage years at public school, and by his own account did not engage in sexual activity for 16 years until the mid-1990s. When asked when he first acknowledged his sexuality, Fry quipped: "I suppose it all began when I came out of the womb. I looked back up at my mother and thought to myself, 'That's the last time I'm going up one of those'." Fry was in a 15-year relationship with Daniel Cohen, which ended in 2010. Fry was listed number 2 in 2016 and number 12 in 2017 on the Pride Power list.


title: Stephen Fry

text: On 6 January 2015, British tabloid "The Sun" reported that Fry would marry his partner, comedian Elliott Spencer. Fry wrote on Twitter: "It looks as though a certain cat is out of a certain bag. I'm very very happy of course but had hoped for a private wedding. Fat chance!" Eleven days after the news story, Fry married Spencer on 17 January at Dereham in Norfolk.


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry was an active supporter of the Labour Party for many years and appeared in a party political broadcast on its behalf with Hugh Laurie and Michelle Collins in November 1993. He did not vote in the 2005 general election because of the stance of both the Labour and Conservative parties with regard to the Iraq War. Despite his praise of the Blair/Brown government's work on social reform, Fry was an outspoken critic of the Labour Party's Third Way concept. Fry appeared in campaign literature to support changing the British electoral system from first-past-the-post to alternative vote for electing members of parliament to the House of Commons in the Alternative Vote referendum of 2011.


title: Stephen Fry

text: On 30 April 2008, Fry signed an open letter, published in "The Guardian" newspaper by a number of Jewish personalities, stating their opposition to celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the state of Israel. Furthermore, he is a signatory member of the British Jews for Justice for Palestinians organisation, which campaigns for Palestinian rights. Fry was among over 100 signatories to a statement published by Sense About Science on 4 June 2009, condemning British libel laws and their use to "severely curtail the right to free speech on a matter of public interest".


title: Stephen Fry

text: In August 2013, Fry published an open letter to David Cameron, the British Prime Minister, and the International Olympic Committee calling for a boycott of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, due to concerns over the state-sanctioned persecution of LGBT people in Russia under the 2013 anti-"gay propaganda" laws. Cameron stated on Twitter he believed "we can better challenge prejudice as we attend, rather than boycotting the Winter Olympics". Fry said in 2015 that the "Daily Mail" editor Paul Dacre "has done more to damage the Britain I love than any single person".


title: Stephen Fry

text: In March 2014, Fry publicly backed "Hacked Off" and its campaign towards press self-regulation by "safeguarding the press from political interference while also giving vital protection to the vulnerable."


title: Stephen Fry

text: On 18 May 2018, Fry participated in the semi-annual Munk Debates in Toronto, Canada, where he argued against political correctness on the "Con" side of the topic "Be it resolved, what you call political correctness, I call progress..." alongside Jordan Peterson, and in opposition to "Pro" side represented by Michelle Goldberg and Michael Eric Dyson. During the debate, Fry paraphrased a famous sentence from the 1923 essay "I Am Afraid", in which Old Bolshevik-turned-Soviet dissident Yevgeny Zamyatin denounced censorship in the Soviet Union. The original sentence reads, "True literature can exist only when it is created, not by diligent and reliable officials, but by madmen, hermits, heretics, dreamers, rebels and skeptics." Fry's rendering, however, reads, "Progress is not achieved by preachers and guardians of morality, but by madmen, hermits, heretics, dreamers, rebels, and sceptics."


title: Stephen Fry

text: On 1 February 2021, Fry supported the petition of two Holocaust survivors, Dorit Oliver-Wolff and Ruth Barnett who were asking to meet Prime Minister Boris Johnson regarding the 'genocide amendment' to the trade bill; this amendment would allow an independent parliamentary judicial committee to examine evidence of genocide. In a tweet, Fry highlighted the plight of the Uyghurs.


title: Stephen Fry

text: On 6 October 2009, Fry was interviewed by Jon Snow on "Channel 4 News" as a signatory of a letter to British Conservative Party leader David Cameron expressing concern about the party forming a political alliance with the right-wing Polish Law and Justice party in the European Parliament. During the interview, he stated:


title: Stephen Fry

text: The remark prompted a complaint from the Polish Embassy in London, an editorial in "The Economist" and criticism from British Jewish historian David Cesarani. Fry has since posted an apology in a six-page post on his personal blog, in which he apologised for his remarks, stating that "I didn't even really at the time notice the import of what I had said, so gave myself no opportunity instantly to retract the statement. It was a rubbishy, cheap and offensive remark that I have been regretting ever since. I take this opportunity to apologise now." and "It detracted from and devalued my argument, such as it was, and it outraged and offended a large group of people for no very good reason."


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry has cyclothymia, a form of bipolar disorder (considered to be a milder type). Fry has spoken publicly about his experience with the condition, which was depicted in the documentary "". In the programme, he interviewed other people with bipolar disorder including Robbie Williams, Carrie Fisher, Richard Dreyfuss and Tony Slattery. He is involved with the mental health charity Stand to Reason and is president of Mind. In 2013, he revealed that, in the previous year, he had started taking medication for the first time, in an attempt to control his condition. In 2018, alongside Nadiya Hussain and Olly Alexander, Fry was part of Sport Relief's attempt to raise awareness of mental health.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 1995, while appearing in the West End play "Cell Mates", Fry had a nervous breakdown and walked out of the production, causing its early closure and incurring the displeasure of co-star Rik Mayall and playwright Simon Gray. Fry went missing for several days and contemplated suicide. He later said that he would have killed himself if he had not had "the option of disappearing". He abandoned the idea and left the United Kingdom by ferry, eventually resurfacing in Belgium. Fry has attempted suicide on a number of occasions, most recently in 2012. In an interview with Richard Herring in 2013, Fry revealed that he had attempted suicide the previous year while filming abroad. He said that he took a "huge number of pills and a huge [amount] of vodka" and had to be brought back to the UK to be "looked after".


title: Stephen Fry

text: In January 2008, Fry broke his arm while filming "Last Chance to See" in Brazil. While climbing aboard a boat, he slipped between it and the dock, and, stopping himself from falling into the water, his body weight snapped his right humerus. The resulting vulnerability to his radial nerve – which affects use of the arm – was not diagnosed until he saw a consultant in the UK.


title: Stephen Fry

text: Appearing on the BBC's "Top Gear" in 2009, Fry had lost a significant amount of weight, and explained that he had shed a total of 6 stone (84 lb; 38 kg). He attributed the weight loss to walking while listening to audiobooks. Fry is between and in height. Fry has stated that he is allergic to champagne and bumble bee stings. Fry also has prosopagnosia ("face blindness").


title: Stephen Fry

text: In February 2018, Fry announced that he was recovering from an operation to treat prostate cancer, involving the removal of the prostate and 11 adjacent lymph nodes. He described the cancer as aggressive and said that early intervention had saved his life.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In March 2021, Fry hailed the "wonderful moment" at receiving the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID vaccine at Westminster Abbey. The University of Cambridge alumnus joked that he would have to "put petty rivalries behind [him]."


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry has repeatedly expressed opposition to organised religion, and has identified himself as an atheist and humanist, while declaring some sympathy for the ancient Greek belief in capricious gods. In his first autobiography he described how he once considered ordination to the Anglican priesthood, but came to the conclusion that he "couldn't believe in God, because [he] was fundamentally Hellenic in [his] outlook." He has stated that religion can have positive effects: "Sometimes belief means credulity, sometimes an expression of faith and hope which even the most sceptical atheist such as myself cannot but find inspiring." Fry claims to have been expelled from Salt Lake City, Utah, because of a joke made about doctrines of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2009, "The Guardian" published a letter from Fry addressing his younger self, explaining how his future is soon to unfold, reflecting on the positive progression towards gay acceptance and openness around him, and yet not everywhere, while warning on how "the cruel, hypocritical and loveless hand of religion and absolutism has fallen on the world once more." Later that year, he and Christopher Hitchens participated in an "Intelligence Squared" debate in which they argued against Ann Widdecombe and Archbishop John Onaiyekan, who supported the view that the Catholic Church was a force for good. Fry and Hitchens argued that the church did more harm than good, and were declared the victors after an audience vote. Fry attacked the Catholic Church's teachings on sexuality and denounced its wealth.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2010, Fry was made a Distinguished Supporter of the British Humanist Association, stating: "it is essential to nail one's colours to the mast as a humanist." Later that year, Fry joined 54 other public figures in signing an open letter published in "The Guardian" stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom being a state visit. On 22 February 2011, Fry was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award in Cultural Humanism by the Humanist Chaplaincy at Harvard University.


title: Stephen Fry

text: When interviewed in 2015 by the Irish broadcaster Gay Byrne, Fry was asked what he would say if he came face-to-face with God, to which he replied: "Bone cancer in children: what's that about? How dare you? How dare you create a world where there is such misery that's not our fault? It's utterly, utterly evil. Why should I respect a capricious, mean-minded, stupid God who creates a world which is so full of injustice and pain?" Within days, the video was viewed over five million times. Fry later stated he did not refer to any specific religion, and said: "I said quite a few things that were angry at this supposed God. I was merely saying things that Bertrand Russell and many finer heads of the mind have said for many thousands of years, going all the way back to the Greeks." "Because the God who created this universe, if it was created by God, is quite clearly a maniac, utter maniac." In May 2017 it was announced that Fry, along with broadcaster RTÉ, were under criminal investigation for blasphemy under the Defamation Act 2009, following a complaint from a member of the public about the broadcast: the case was dropped after Gardaí confirmed that they had not been able to locate a sufficient number of offended people. The following year, in 2018, the article on blasphemy was removed from the Irish Constitution following a referendum.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In August 2010, Fry joined the board of directors at Norwich City Football Club. A lifelong fan of "the Canaries" and a regular visitor to Carrow Road, he said, on being appointed, "Truly this is one of the most exciting days of my life, and I am as proud and pleased as I could be." Fry stepped down from his Board position in January 2016, to take up a new position as "Norwich City Ambassador". Fry said, "My five years in the role have been an honour and a privilege beyond almost anything I can remember. I wish I could take credit for ushering the club up from League One to the Premiership during that time on the Board. Actually, I'm going to. It was all me. It can't have been a coincidence ... But now I'm so happy to relinquish my seat on the board to Thomas Smith and to engage as fully as I can in the role of ambassador for Norwich City." In February 2014, Fry became the honorary president of Proud Canaries, a new club for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender fans.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In May 2022, it was announced that Fry would succeed Clare Connor as the president of Marylebone Cricket Club in October.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2008, Fry formed SamFry Ltd, with long-term collaborator Andrew Sampson to produce and fund new material and manage his official website. Fry is the co-owner, with Gina Carter and Sandi Toksvig, of Sprout Pictures, an independent film and television company.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In 2008, Fry appeared in a film made by the Free Software Foundation to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the GNU Project to create a completely free operating system. In the film, Fry explains the principles of software freedom central to the development of the Linux and GNU software projects.


title: Stephen Fry

text: Fry is a supporter of nature and wildlife conservation. He has been the President of the Great Fen Project since 2006 and Vice-president of international NGO Fauna and Flora International since 2009. Fry has also expressed support for action on climate change and activist group Extinction Rebellion, and has criticized climate change denial.


title: Stephen Fry

text: In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fry appeared in a sketch alongside Prince William for a charity show titled "The Big Night In" on BBC One. In the lighthearted sketch, Fry reprises his "Blackadder" character Lord Melchett, who is on a Zoom call with the Duke of Cambridge as they talk about television shows such as "EastEnders" and "Tiger King" as well as homeschooling. The sketch had been put together by Comic Relief and Children in Need to raise money and keep people entertained during the lockdown. In March 2021, Fry narrated a short film for Cambridge Children's Hospital.


title: Uncharted

text: Uncharted is an action-adventure video game franchise published by Sony Interactive Entertainment and developed by Naughty Dog. Created by Amy Hennig, the "Uncharted" franchise follows a group of treasure hunters who travel across the world to uncover various historical mysteries. The series features historical fiction, elements of fantasy and folklore, and fictional characters alongside real-world historical figures and events. In the main series, players control Nathan Drake; in the expansion, players control Chloe Frazer.


title: Uncharted

text: The franchise's first game, "", was released in 2007 and has featured seven further titles, with the main series including the direct sequels "" (2009), "" (2011), and "" (2016). Spin-offs "" (2011), "" (2012), and the standalone expansion "" (2017) also support the main series. Originally published exclusively for PlayStation consoles, the franchise later released games for other platforms, with the mobile spin-off "" (2016) and remasters of "A Thief's End" and "Lost Legacy" for Windows in 2022.


title: Uncharted

text: The main games are played from a third-person perspective, with gameplay mostly revolving around combat, shooting, exploration, and puzzles, while platforming is used to navigate the environment. Later titles began including competitive and co-operative multiplayer game modes, stealth, and driving gameplay. "Uncharted" drew inspiration from other games, film, and additional media, and is known for featuring exotic locations. Several adaptations of the series have also been released, including a live-action film, board games, comics, and a novel.


title: Uncharted

text: The main series received widespread critical acclaim, with praise for the story, cast, animation and characters, graphical and gameplay mechanics, and music, with its high production value being frequently compared to Hollywood-produced action-adventure films. It has also been credited by critics and publications for raising standards for single-player games, and is consistently ranked among the greatest video games. "Uncharted" has shipped over 41 million units, making it one of the best-selling video game franchises, helping the success of PlayStation during the seventh and eight generation and elevating Naughty Dog's reputation as a developer.


title: Uncharted

text: "Drake's Fortune", the first game in the series, was released for PlayStation 3 in November 2007. The system carried the following two installments of the main series, after Naughty Dog agreed to exclusively release the games on Sony systems. "Among Thieves" was published in 2009, and the creative team were afforded a greater license to utilize a larger amount of the system's random-access memory (RAM), due to an improved proprietary engine. It subsequently introduced more locales, higher free roam and combat abilities, and a larger map. "Drake's Deception", released in 2011, built upon this aspect, while it also added an improved online multiplayer mode.


title: Uncharted

text: The following main installment, "A Thief's End", was published on PlayStation 4, and focused on realism and detail. The last in the series to feature the main protagonist, it added driving elements and improved other gameplay aspects, like stealth and role-playing, and comprehensive upgrades to multiplayer. It was released to massive financial success, breaking multiple records. A free-to-play game for iOS and Android, "Fortune Hunter", was released to tie in with "A Thief's End".


title: Uncharted

text: "Golden Abyss" was published in 2011, and is the first in the series to be released on PlayStation Vita, marking the series' first on a handheld console. It is considered a prequel to the main series, although, some developers have stated that it acts as a separate, original story. In 2012, a turn-based card game titled "" was released. It was developed by One Loop Games, and contained interactive elements suitable for the Vita.


title: Uncharted

text: "The Nathan Drake Collection" is a remastered collection of the series' first three installments, and was ported to PlayStation 4 by Bluepoint Games in October 2015. It was released to compensate for the delay in production for "A Thief's End", which was originally slated for release in summer 2015. The game also included a voucher for the beta for the multiplayer for "A Thief's End". The games feature enhancements such as new trophies, an in-game Photo Mode, and improved textures and gameplay. The multiplayer modes from "Uncharted 2" and "Uncharted 3" are excluded. It received positive reviews, with most praising the technical improvements and visual enhancements. The game was offered for free as part of Sony's "Play at Home" initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic in April–May 2020.


title: Uncharted

text: "The Lost Legacy" was released as a standalone expansion to "A Thief's End", and marks the first entry in the series not to feature Drake. It features the characters Chloe Frazer and Nadine Ross, who previously appeared in "Among Thieves" and "Drake's Deception", and "A Thief's End", respectively. It was released on PlayStation 4 in 2017. "Uncharted: Legacy of Thieves Collection", a remastered version of "A Thief's End" and "The Lost Legacy", was released on January 28, 2022, for PlayStation 5; a Windows version, in development by Iron Galaxy, was released on October 19, 2022.


title: Uncharted

text: Gameplay in the "Uncharted" series is a combination of action-adventure elements and 3D platforming with a third-person perspective. The player is given various physical tasks which must be completed to progress through the storyline, such as jumping, swimming, grabbing and moving along ledges, and climbing and swinging from ropes. Other aspects, including shooting, combat, and puzzle solving, also regularly feature. In later titles, driving, boat riding, and other acrobatic actions were added or developed.


title: Uncharted

text: The "Uncharted" games grant a reasonable amount of freedom through the design of the maps. Later games contain elements of open world design, in order to encourage free-roaming to secure collectibles or stealth to avoid enemies. In "A Thief's End", role-playing was expanded to include side discussions with other characters. The "Uncharted" series follows the structure of traditional action games, where players complete a single track series of levels with linear gameplay, and is navigated through a third-person perspective.


title: Uncharted

text: Shooting is central to the game's function, as players are also required to bypass a string of foes. Although a wide variety of weapons are present in the game, the player can only carry a sidearm such as pistol, a primary weapon such as a rifle or shotgun, and a handful of grenades. These weapons are obtained by picking up weapons dropped by a downed foe, or from those scattered around the various maps. If the player dies, they will respawn at a specific level checkpoint.


title: Uncharted

text: In "A Thief's End", the use of vehicles in an explorable environment was developed. It provides the player with freedom to take vehicles wherever they please, albeit, must be driven to a certain location to progress the story.


title: Uncharted

text: In "Among Thieves", multiplayer was introduced. It features both competitive and co-operative gameplay. The co-op multiplayer mode allows up to three players to take the roles of Drake and two other "hero" companions and features missions involving gunfights, platforming, and teamwork-based objectives. Players can also assist their comrades if they become critically injured or if they are grabbed by an enemy. The competitive multiplayer allows a maximum of ten players to play against each other in two teams of five. Six competitive modes are featured, including single or team-based deathmatches, and team-based objectives. In "A Thief's End", survival mode was introduced, which features wave-based progression on swarms of increasingly powerful enemies, as well as completing other objectives. Furthermore, multiplayer allows players to accrue points and rank up, which can be used to purchase more skins for both heroes and villains.


title: Uncharted

text: In "Uncharted: Drake's Fortune", the game is set off the coast of Panama, in the Amazon rainforest, and an uncharted island off the coast of South America. The second entry in the franchise, "Uncharted 2: Among Thieves", was the first in the series to experiment with several locales. The game is set in the snow-capped mountain landscapes of the Tibetan Plateau in southernmost China, a museum in Istanbul, the jungles of Borneo, and the urban landscapes of Nepal. Subsequent games followed this concept, with "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" featuring the streets of London and Colombia, as well as a château in France, a castle in Syria, a city in Yemen, and the sprawling deserts of the Rub' al Khali.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted 4: A Thief's End" features a Panamanian jail, an estate in Italy, a cathedral in Scotland, several locations in Madagascar, and many uncharted islands in the Indian Ocean not far from Africa, to reflect Libertalia. Boston and New Orleans are also included, in both the past and present respectively, where the titular character resides.


title: Uncharted

text: The prequel game "Uncharted: Golden Abyss" features a dig site and several other locales set in the forests of Panama while the standalone expansion "Uncharted: The Lost Legacy" features the locales set in and around the mountain ranges of Western Ghats in India as well as a small bazaar and a city in Tamil Nadu.


title: Uncharted

text: Many of the locations represented were extensively researched for the series. The development team organized field research trips with tour guides and architectural historians and captured many photos and hours of video footage to properly reflect the settings.


title: Uncharted

text: The series has included a wide variety of voice actors, with the development team settling on the decision that prominent characters would be voiced by lower profile actors. Only three characters have featured in every main installment, while Chloe is the only other single-player playable character:


title: Uncharted

text: "Drake's Trail" is a now-defunct 2007 online game. The game was a browser-based game with alternative reality elements. Consisting of ten chapters, the story, serving as a prequel to "Drake's Fortune", recounts journalist Elena Fisher hiring a private detective to track down famous treasure hunter Nathan Drake believing he is onto something big. The game was played using a Google Maps plugin to locate game areas within the real world, in conjunction with a Flash Player to explore those fictional locations (such as Drake's apartment) for clues to the next location.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted: The Board Game" is a board game published by Bandai in 2012. It was designed by Hayato Kisaragi and allows between two and four players to compete for treasure and fight enemies.


title: Uncharted

text: Sony Computer Entertainment America released the first of a four-part motion comic series adventure called "Uncharted: Eye of Indra" on October 23, 2009. It is a prequel to "Uncharted: Drake's Fortune". The second part was released on November 25, while the third and fourth parts released simultaneously on December 7.


title: Uncharted

text: A motion comic adaptation of the prolog of "", starting with the discovery of Francis Drake's coffin and up to the first encounter with Gabriel Roman. Uses the same voice clips from the video game.


title: Uncharted

text: An "Uncharted" comic book was released by DC Comics around the time "Uncharted 3" came out. Written by Joshua Williamson, with art by Sergio Sandoval and covers by Adam Hughes, it was released on November 30, 2011, as part of a 6-issue mini series. In the story, a quest for the legendary "Amber Room" launches Nathan Drake on a journey to the Hollow Earth.


title: Uncharted

text: A novel titled "Uncharted: The Fourth Labyrinth" was published in October 2011. The novel is written by Christopher Golden and published by Del Rey Books, and follows the search for Daedalus's Labyrinth, a maze used to hold the Minotaur, a monster from Greek mythology.


title: Uncharted

text: Ruben Fleischer directed a film adaptation of the games, from a script by Art Marcum and Matt Holloway. The film starred Tom Holland (who also serves as an executive producer) as Nathan Drake and Mark Wahlberg as Victor Sullivan. Antonio Banderas, Sophia Taylor Ali, and Tati Gabrielle were cast in supporting roles. It was theatrically released in the United States on February 18, 2022, produced by Columbia Pictures, Atlas Entertainment, and Arad Productions. PlayStation Productions executive produced, while Sony Pictures Releasing distributed. Principal photography began on March 16, 2020, shooting in Berlin, but was shut down in mid-March due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was believed filming had resumed on July 15, but Sony Pictures clarified that, while production had not yet resumed, they were undergoing preparations with the hope to start production soon. Production resumed on July 20, shooting in areas around Germany. On August 5, Banderas temporarily left production after he tested positive for COVID-19. Banderas later recovered from COVID-19 in late August, with the intention of returning to production imminently. On September 16, filming moved to Berlin, with set photos being released online. Filming wrapped on October 29, 2020. On May 26, 2022, Sony announced that a sequel is in early development, with Holland and Wahlberg returning.


title: Uncharted

text: In July 2018, director Allan Ungar posted a fan-made 15-minute short film, starring Nathan Fillion as Nathan Drake, who for years had been campaigning for the role. It was very well received, with particular praise given to Fillion's performance as Drake, and to an action sequence shot from an over-the-shoulder angle, similar to the shooting sequences in the video games. The short also features Stephen Lang as Victor Sullivan and Mircea Monroe as Elena Fisher, with appearances from Ernie Reyes Jr. and Geno Segers. The reception towards the fan film resulted in some speculation as to whether it would influence and alter the plans of the official film. Druckmann, vice-president of Naughty Dog, tweeted a heart emoji towards the fan film, with film director Shawn Levy also praising it, while Ungar expressed his support towards the official film.


title: Uncharted

text: The "Uncharted" series has been a major success, both critically and commercially; by September 2017, the series had sold over 41 million copies worldwide. Much of the praise for the series has gone towards the graphics Naughty Dog have produced and attained, as well as the writing and voice acting, with GamesRadar ranking it the second best franchise of the seventh generation. The "Uncharted" series is widely credited with bringing up Naughty Dog's reputation and has them regarded as one of the best developers in the industry.


title: Uncharted

text: As the protagonist of the series, Nathan Drake is seen as a PlayStation mascot, while "Uncharted 2: Among Thieves" is considered of all time. It received over fifty Game of the Year awards, with critics heralding it as a gaming milestone. The game currently lies among the highest ever rated PlayStation 3 games on Metacritic. "Uncharted 4: A Thief's End" is also ranked as one of the best in the series, and among the finest video games of the eighth generation.


title: Uncharted

text: The first installment was a member of the PlayStation Essentials range, having shipped over 2.6 million copies worldwide. "Uncharted 2" was the highest selling game in the month of its release, and by the end of their life-cycles, the games combined sold over 13 million copies by 2011. Sales for "Uncharted 3" were revealed to have been over double that of its predecessor by Naughty Dog's product marketing manager Asad Quizilbash, which "far" exceeded their expectations, and the game eventually helped bring the "Uncharted" series to verified sales of over 17 million copies worldwide. Prior to the release of the fourth main installment, Sony revealed the "Uncharted" series has sold over 28 million copies worldwide.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted 4" is the best selling installment of the series to date, with over 15 million individual copies sold, making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games of all time. Sales accrued, which included from the "Lost Legacy" expansion pack, in a December 2017 panel in celebration of the 10 year anniversary of the series at the PlayStation Experience event, revealed that the series has sold 41.7 million units globally.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted 2: Among Thieves" received several awards by 2009 Spike Video Game Awards (Game of the Year, Best PS3 Game and Best Graphics) and by 2010 BAFTA Game Awards (Story, Action, Use of Audio, Original Score). The game also won in 10 categories, including Game of the Year, at the 13th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards and in 5 categories, including Game of the Year, at the 10th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards. It was the game that won the most GOTY awards in 2009.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" received several awards by 2011 Spike Video Game Awards (Best PS3 Game, Best Graphics) and by the 15th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (Outstanding Achievement in Visual Engineering, Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction, Outstanding Achievement in Animation). The game also was awarded in the category VideoGame Writing by Writers Guild of America Awards and in the category Best Visual Arts by Game Developers Choice Awards. It was one of the most awarded games of 2011 in the category Game of the Year.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted 4: A Thief's End" received several awards by The Game Awards 2016 (Best Narrative, Best Performance) and by D.I.C.E. Awards (Adventure Game of the Year, Outstanding Achievement in Story, Outstanding Technical Achievement, Outstanding Achievement in Animation). The game also won as Best Game at the 13th British Academy Games Awards, as PlayStation Game of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards and as Best Video Game at the Empire Awards. It was the game that won the most GOTY awards in 2016.


title: Uncharted

text: "Uncharted: The Lost Legacy" won in two categories (Game, Franchise Adventure and Sound Editing in a Game Cinema) at the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards and in the category Best Music/Sound Design (People's Voice) at the Webby Awards.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Patricia Tiffany Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress. She made her feature film debut as Kristen Parker in "" (1987). Her other notable films include "True Romance" (1993), "Ed Wood" (1994), "Flirting with Disaster" (1996), "Lost Highway" (1997), "The Hi-Lo Country" (1998), "Bringing Out the Dead" (1999), "Stigmata" (1999), "Holes" (2003), "Fast Food Nation" (2006), "The Wannabe" (2015), and "Toy Story 4" (2019). For playing a single mother in the coming-of-age film "Boyhood" (2014), which was filmed from 2002 until 2014, Arquette won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: On television, she played the character Allison DuBois—based on the author and medium Allison DuBois, who claims to have psychic abilities—in the supernatural drama series "Medium" (2005–2011). She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2005, from two nominations she received for the role, in addition to three nominations at the Golden Globe Awards and Screen Actors Guild Awards, respectively. Arquette also appeared in the "CSI" franchise as Avery Ryan, the Deputy Director of the FBI, starring in "" (2015–16). She went on to star as Joyce Mitchell in the Showtime miniseries "Escape at Dannemora" (2018), winning the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie, and as Dee Dee Blanchard in the Hulu anthology series "The Act" (2019), winning the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress. She currently stars as Harmony Cobel on the Apple TV+ thriller series "Severance".


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1968 to Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia "Mardi" (née Nowak), who was involved in the arts and worked as a therapist. Through her father, Patricia is distantly related to explorer Meriwether Lewis. Arquette's father had converted from Catholicism to Islam. Arquette's mother was Jewish, and her ancestors emigrated from Poland and Russia.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Her father's family's surname was originally "Arcouet", and his paternal line was of French-Canadian descent. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette. Patricia's siblings also became actors: Rosanna, Richmond, Alexis, and David. When she was a child, her parents offered to get her braces for her teeth; but she refused, telling them she wanted to have flaws because it would help her with character acting.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: For a time her family lived on a commune in rural Bentonville, Virginia. She has said they became poorer the longer they lived there and she believes that experience enlarged her empathy. Her father was an alcoholic; her mother was violently abusive. When Arquette was seven, the family relocated to Chicago. They later settled in Los Angeles, California. Arquette attended Catholic school, and has said that when she was a teenager, she had wanted to be a nun.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: At the age of fourteen, Arquette ran away from home after learning her father was having an affair—she settled with her sister, Rosanna Arquette, in Los Angeles. She has described her father as a working actor for industrial films, commercials and voiceovers – he was best known for his role as J.D. Pickett in the TV series "The Waltons." Before pursuing a career in acting, Arquette had wanted to be a midwife.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: She put this career prospect aside briefly in an attempt to gain acting jobs and gained success in the industry.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 1987, Arquette's first starring roles included pregnant teenager Stacy in the television film "Daddy," boarding school student Zero in "Pretty Smart", and Kristen Parker in "", alongside Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger and Heather Langenkamp as Nancy Thompson. She reprised her role as Kristen in the music video to Dokken's "Dream Warriors" (1987). She was asked to reprise her role in the sequel, "" (1988), but she declined the offer in order to do other projects. She gave up the role of Tralala in "Last Exit to Brooklyn" due to her pregnancy with her son Enzo.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 1988, Arquette played the daughter of Tess Harper in "Far North." Her roles in the early 1990s were in low budget and independent films, including "Prayer of the Rollerboys" (1990) as love interest of Corey Haim's character, "The Indian Runner" (1991), which was the directorial debut of Sean Penn; and the drama "Inside Monkey Zetterland." In 1992, she won a CableACE Award for Best Lead Actress in a Mini-Series for her portrayal of a deaf girl with epilepsy in "Wildflower," directed by Diane Keaton and also starring Reese Witherspoon.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In her early career, Arquette received the most recognition for her role as Alabama Whitman, a free-spirited, kind-hearted prostitute in Tony Scott's "True Romance" (1993). The film was a moderate box office success but became a cultural landmark because of Quentin Tarantino's screenplay, which preceded "Pulp Fiction", although some critics were deterred by the graphic violence. In one scene, Arquette puts up a fierce physical struggle in a fight with James Gandolfini (as a viciously sadistic killer) which her character ultimately wins. Arquette's performance received unanimous praise from critics. Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" remarked that Arquette played her role with "surprising sweetness", while Peter Travers remarked that "Arquette delivers sensationally". "TV Guide" noted that the film blends and recycles elements from the story of "Bonnie and Clyde" and Terrence Malick's "love on the run" film "Badlands" (1973). It gave "True Romance" overall a favourable review for having "enough energy and verve to create something entirely fresh and infectiously entertaining". Richard Corliss of "Time Magazine" made similar statements and also likened the film to the earlier, seminal "Bonnie and Clyde."


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Arquette next appeared in the television film "Betrayed by Love" (1994), and the well-received biopic "Ed Wood," directed by Tim Burton and starring Johnny Depp, where she portrayed his girlfriend. Her next role was as Laura Bowman in John Boorman's "Beyond Rangoon" (1995), which drew mixed critical reviews, but was a success internationally. In France, it was the official selection at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, where it became one of the most popular hits of the event. Although the film had lackluster reviews, Arquette's performance as an American tourist in Burma during the 8888 Uprising was regarded as one of the work's strong points. Michael Sragow, writing for "The New Yorker", stated "Arquette gives the kind of mighty physical performance usually delivered by men in existential action classics like "The Wages of Fear," but she suffuses it with something all her own - she's bulletproof yet vulnerable." Hal Hinson of "The Washington Post" remarked that the film was "odd, brilliant in places, but frustrating all the same," commenting that "Arquette shows real grit when the chips are down".


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Arquette appeared in three films in 1996, the first the comedy film "Flirting with Disaster" (1996), about a young man's cross-country pursuit to find his parents. Critical reception was largely positive, with Todd McCarthy of "Variety" praising the film and the authenticity of Arquette's performance, highlighting that "Arquette [is] very believably distracted and infuriated". "Flirting with Disaster" grossed $14 million at the American box office and was screened in the "Un Certain Regard" section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. Her second film released that year was the period drama "The Secret Agent," an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's 1907 novel of the same name. The film received average reviews. "Infinity" was her third film that year, a biographical drama about the early life of American physicist Richard Feynman. The film received mixed to positive reviews. Although Emmanuel Levy of "Variety" said that Arquette was "miscast", he stated that she "registers more credibly in the first part of the film, when she plays an adolescent".


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 1997, Arquette starred in David Lynch's neo-noir psychological thriller "Lost Highway," in dual roles as Renee Madison and Alice Wakefield. The film had an ambiguous narrative, which polarized audiences and drew varying critical opinion, but it established a strong cult following. Arquette played an elusive femme fatale in a critically revered performance that enabled her to draw on her sexuality more than any other previous role. Roger Ebert, of the "Chicago Sun-Times", disliked the film, saying there was "no sense to be made of it" and voiced his distaste over a scene in which Arquette's character is asked to disrobe at gunpoint. Other critics were more favourable: Andy Klein of the "Dallas Observer" called it a "two-hour plus fever dream", Michael Sragow of "The New Yorker" called the film a "compelling erotic nightmare", and Edward Guthman of the "San Francisco Gate" wrote a glowing review praising Arquette's performance, calling it the "strongest, most memorable performance [of the film]" and favourably comparing her double role to Kim Novak's in "Vertigo" (1958). That same year, Arquette appeared in "Nightwatch", a horror-thriller film directed by Ole Bornedal. The film is a remake the Danish film "Nattevagten" (1994), which was also directed by Bornedal. "Nightwatch" was not a box office success and received poor reviews by critics, many of whom considered it an unnecessary, inferior retelling of the original film.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 1998, Arquette performed in two films: "Goodbye Lover", a comedic neo-noir directed by Roland Joffé and "The Hi-Lo Country", a period Western directed by Stephen Frears. The former received a poor critical reception while the latter received a more appreciative albeit modest response. "The Hi-Lo Country" was widely cited as a "classic Western" in the press. Stephen Holden of "The New York Times" said, "In its best moments the movie feels like an epic hybrid of Red River and The Last Picture Show." In 1999, Arquette returned to familiar territory with the genre that began her career, in "Stigmata", a horror film, in the lead role. Produced on a budget of $29 million, the film was a box office success, grossing $50,046,268. Internationally the film earned $39,400,000 for a total worldwide gross $89,446,268. Critics were not as receptive of the film as audiences, with Roger Ebert remarking "possibly the funniest movie ever made about Catholicism – from a theological point of view". Arquette then appeared in Martin Scorsese's "Bringing out the Dead", based on the novel by Joe Connelly. The film united her with then-husband Nicolas Cage and received highly favourable critical reviews, but was a box office flop. Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" wrote that "Arquette's quietly credible performance helps center Frank's experiences; one of the film's most honest scenes is one in which they share an ambulance ride without sharing a word".


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Her next role was in the light-hearted comedy "Little Nicky" (2000), alongside Adam Sandler. Despite being a box office hit, the film received negative reviews, although Roger Ebert called it Sandler's best film to date. Following this, she starred in French-American comedy drama "Human Nature" (2001), written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Michel Gondry. The film was met with mixed reviews and was screened out of competition at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. Roger Ebert, in a three-star (out of a possible four) review, lauded the film's "screwball charm". The following year, she appeared in the small-scale mystery film "The Badge", playing the widowed victim of a murdered transsexual woman. In 2003, she portrayed the controversial pornographic film star Linda Lovelace in the little known "Deeper than Deep", which was followed with the more family orientated Disney produced "Holes", as Kissin' Kate Barlow. Based on the 1998 novel of the same title by Louis Sachar, "Holes" grossed $16,300,155 in its opening weekend, making #2 at the box office, behind "Anger Management"s second weekend. "Holes" would go on to gross a domestic total of $67,406,173 and an additional $4 million in international revenue, totaling $71,406,573 at the box office against a $20 million budget, making the film a moderate financial success. Arquette's next film, "Tiptoes", was released straight-to-DVD in the United States, despite a screening at the Sundance Film Festival.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: After the humdrum reception of "Tiptoes", Arquette did not appear in another film until 2006's "Fast Food Nation", directed by Richard Linklater. During these three years, she was largely working on "Boyhood;" it was released eight years later in July 2014. "Fast Food Nation" marked her second collaboration with Linklater; it is based on the bestselling 2001 non-fiction book of the same name by Eric Schlosser. "Fast Food Nation" received mixed to positive critical reviews. Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" awarded the film three out of four stars and added, "It's less an exposé of junk-food culture than a human drama, sprinkled with sly, provoking wit, about how that culture defines how we live ... The film is brimming with grand ambitions but trips on many of them as some characters aren't given enough screen time to register and others vanish just when you want to learn more about them." A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" wrote "It's a mirror and a portrait, and a movie as necessary and nourishing as your next meal."


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In January 2005, Arquette made her first transition to television with NBC's "Medium." Her role as (a fictional version of) psychic medium Allison DuBois won her an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in 2005, as well as nominations for a Golden Globe in 2005, 2006 and 2007, a SAG Award in 2006, 2007 and 2010, and an Emmy Award in 2007. In 2009 NBC cancelled "Medium," then CBS picked the series up and it lasted another two seasons. In 2008, she provided voice work for "A Single Woman," which was panned. She did not appear in another film until 2012. "Girl in Progress", a drama directed by Patricia Riggen, marked her return; it was met with negative reviews. In 2013, she returned to television, appearing on "Boardwalk Empire" as Sally Wheet. Also in 2013, Arquette filmed the true crime drama "Electric Slide".


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 2014, "Boyhood" was released, a project that Arquette and other actors had shot for 12 years beginning in 2002. The film was directed by Richard Linklater, marking his second collaboration with Arquette. In the film, she plays Olivia Evans, a single mother who raises her two children mostly alone with the sometimes assistance of their father (played by Ethan Hawke). The epic explores a 12-year scope. The film details the progression of her character's son, Mason, from ages 8 to 18. The film has received universal praise, with many critics calling it a "landmark film". Arquette received widespread acclaim for her performance. Critic Katie McDonahugh, writing for "Salon", states "the role gave [Arquette] space to be all of these messy things at once, and her performance was a raw, gutsy meditation on those profoundly human contradictions". Margaret Pomeranz, writing for "ABC Australia," called Arquette's performance "stunning" and praised the film, further remarking that "the elision from one time to another is subtle and seamless. It's just a fabulous movie experience". Arquette won the Academy Award, BAFTA, Critics' Choice, Golden Globe, Independent Spirit, and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In early 2015, Arquette began starring in the CBS series "", a show about FBI agents who combat Internet-based crimes. On May 12, 2016, CBS canceled the series after two seasons, thus ending the "CSI" franchise.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Arquette portrayed Tilly Mitchell in the Ben Stiller-directed Showtime miniseries "Escape at Dannemora", which premiered on November 18, 2018. For the role, she gained weight, wore prosthetic teeth, and brown contact lenses. For her performance, she received critical acclaim and won the SAG Award, Critics' Choice Television Award, and Golden Globe Award. She also received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 2018, it was announced that Arquette would be starring in the Hulu series "The Act". The series premiered in March 2019 to critical acclaim. For her performance, Arquette received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. In 2022, Arquette began co-starring in the Apple TV+ thriller series "Severance", also directed by Stiller. The series has received critical acclaim.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: At age 20, Arquette had a relationship with Paul Rossi, a musician. They had a son together, Enzo Rossi, born on January 3, 1989. In April 1995, Arquette married Nicolas Cage (with whom she later co-starred in "Bringing Out the Dead" in 1999). They separated after nine months, but acted as a couple in public until Cage filed for divorce in February 2000. She briefly dated Mark Rogowski.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: Arquette and actor Thomas Jane became engaged in 2002. Their daughter Harlow Olivia Calliope Jane was born on February 20, 2003. Arquette and Jane married on June 25, 2006, at the Palazzo Contarini in Venice, Italy. In January 2009, Arquette filed for divorce from Jane on the grounds of irreconcilable differences, but the couple soon reconciled. Arquette withdrew the divorce petition on July 9, 2009. On August 13, 2010, Jane's representative announced that Arquette and Jane had decided to proceed with a divorce due to "irreconcilable differences". The divorce was finalized on July 1, 2011, and the two agreed to joint custody of their child.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: After the Haiti earthquake in 2010, Arquette and childhood friend Rosetta Millington-Getty formed GiveLove, a non-profit organization supporting ecological sanitation and composting, community development projects and housing construction in Haiti. She has also worked with Eracism Foundation, Libby Ross Foundation, The Art of Elysium, and The Heart Truth.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In 1997, after her mother died of breast cancer, Arquette worked to raise awareness about the disease. She has run in the annual Race for the Cure. In 1999 she was the spokesperson for Lee National Denim Day, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer research and education.


title: Patricia Arquette

text: In April 2010, she teamed up with welding students of the Robert Morgan Educational Center in Miami, Florida, to build shelters in Haiti from 20 used shipping containers, to provide housing to people displaced by the earthquake.


title: Maye Musk

text: Maye Musk ("née" Haldeman; born April 19, 1948) is a model and dietitian. She has been a model for 50 years, appearing on the covers of magazines, including a "Time" magazine health edition, "Women's Day", international editions of "Vogue", and "Sports Illustrated" Swimsuit Issue. The mother of Elon Musk, Kimbal Musk, and Tosca Musk, she holds Canadian, South African, and American citizenship.


title: Maye Musk

text: Maye Haldeman was born on April 19, 1948, in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, a twin and one of five children. Her family moved to Pretoria, South Africa, in 1950. Her parents, Winnifred Josephine "Wyn" (Fletcher) and Dr. Joshua Norman Haldeman, a former director of Technocracy Incorporated, a former Regina chiropractor and amateur archaeologist, were adventurous and flew the family around the world in a prop plane in 1952. For over ten years, the family spent time roaming the Kalahari desert in search of its fabled Lost City of the Kalahari. Their parents gave slide shows and talks about their journeys. "My parents were very famous, but they were never snobs," she said.


title: Maye Musk

text: As a young woman, Haldeman was a finalist in the 1969 Miss South Africa beauty competition. In 1970, she married Errol Musk (born May 2, 1946), a South African engineer she met in high school. They had three children: Elon Musk, Kimbal Musk and Tosca Musk. She named Elon after her American grandfather, John Elon Haldeman (born in Illinois). Maye earned a master's degree in dietetics from the University of the Orange Free State in South Africa. She later earned another master's degree in nutritional science from the University of Toronto.


title: Maye Musk

text: In 1979, she divorced Errol Musk. Two years later, Elon decided to live with his father. Kimbal joined Elon four years later. After graduating from high school, Elon decided to move to Canada; in 1989, six months later, Maye moved to Canada with her daughter Tosca. She is bi-lingual speaking Afrikaans and English.


title: Maye Musk

text: Her modelling career continued in Canada and the United States. She has appeared on boxes of Special K cereal, in Revlon ads, and in a Beyoncé video. She appeared nude on the cover of "Time" magazine for a health issue and also nude on the cover of "New York" magazine in 2011 with a fake pregnant belly. She was on the cover of "Elle Canada" in 2012, and starred in advertisement campaigns for Target and Virgin America. In September 2017, she became "CoverGirl's" oldest spokesmodel at age 69, which one news story reported as "making history". In 2022, at age 74, she was the oldest "Sports Illustrated" swimsuit model to date, appearing on the cover of the annual issue.


title: Maye Musk

text: She wrote a memoir titled "A Woman Makes a Plan: Advice for a Lifetime of Adventure, Beauty, and Success" (2019).


title: Maye Musk

text: Maye Musk appeared alongside her son Elon on "Saturday Night Live" on May 8, 2021, the day before Mother's Day.


title: Kaaba

text: The Kaaba (, ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred site in Islam. It is considered by Muslims to be the "Bayt Allah" () and is the qibla (, direction of prayer) for Muslims around the world when performing salah. The current structure was built after the original building was damaged during the siege of Mecca in 683.


title: Kaaba

text: In early Islam, Muslims faced in the general direction of Jerusalem as the qibla in their prayers before changing the direction to face the Kaaba, believed by Muslims to be a result of a Quranic verse revelation to Muhammad.


title: Kaaba

text: According to Islamic history, the Kaaba was rebuilt several times throughout history, most famously by Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ismail (Ishmael), when he returned to the valley of Mecca several years after leaving his wife Hajar (Hagar) and Ismail there upon Allah's command. Circling the "Kaaba" seven times counterclockwise, known as Tawaf (), is a "Fard" (obligatory) rite for the completion of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. The area around the Kaaba where pilgrims walk is called the Mataaf.


title: Kaaba

text: The Kaaba and the Mataaf are surrounded by pilgrims every day of the Islamic year, except the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, known as the Day of Arafah, on which the cloth covering the structure, known as the Kiswah () is changed. However, the most significant increase in their numbers is during Ramadan and the Hajj, when millions of pilgrims gather for Tawaf. According to the Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 6,791,100 external pilgrims arrived for the Umrah pilgrimage in the Islamic year .


title: Kaaba

text: The literal meaning of the word "Ka'bah" () is "cube". In the Qur'an, from the era of the life of Muhammad, the Kaaba is mentioned by the following names:


title: Kaaba

text: According to historian Eduard Glaser, the name "Kaaba" may have been related to the southern Arabian or Ethiopian word ""mikrab"", signifying a temple. Author Patricia Crone disputes this etymology.


title: Kaaba

text: Historian Patricia Crone has cast doubt on the claim that Mecca was a major historical trading outpost. Other scholars such as Glen Bowersock disagree and assert that it was. Crone later on disregarded some of her theories. She argues that Meccan trade relied on skins, hides, manufactured leather goods, clarified butter, Hijazi woollens, and camels. She suggests that most of these goods were destined for the Roman army, which is known to have required colossal quantities of leather and hides for its equipment.


title: Kaaba

text: Prior to Islam, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes throughout the Arabian Peninsula. Once every lunar year, Bedouin people would make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the Kaaba. A statue of Hubal (the principal idol of Mecca) and statues of other pagan deities are known to have been placed in or around the Kaaba. Apart from the paintings of pagan idols decorating the walls, which were destroyed at the behest of Muhammad after his conquest of Mecca, there were also paintings of angels, of Ibrahim holding divination arrows, and of Isa (Jesus) and his mother Maryam (Mary), which Muhammad spared. Undefined decorations, money and a pair of ram's horns were recorded to be inside the Kaaba. The pair of ram's horns were said to have belonged to the ram sacrificed by Ibrahim in place of his son Ismail as held by Islamic tradition.


title: Kaaba

text: During its history, the Black Stone at the Kaaba has been struck and smashed by a stone fired from a catapult, it has been smeared with excrement, stolen and ransomed by the Qarmatians and smashed into several fragments.


title: Kaaba

text: In her book "", Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. However, by the time of Muhammad's era, it seems that the Kaaba was venerated as the shrine of Allah, the High God. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian Peninsula would converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj pilgrimage, which was a mark of the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshipped by monotheists. At this time, the Muslims would perform the Salat prayer facing Jerusalem, as instructed by Muhammad, and turning their backs on the pagan associations of the Kabah. Alfred Guillaume, in his translation of the Ibn Ishaq's seerah, says that the Kaaba itself might be referred to in the feminine form. Circumambulation was often performed naked by men and almost naked by women. It is disputed whether Allah and Hubal were the same deity or different. According to a hypothesis by Uri Rubin and Christian Robin, Hubal was only venerated by Quraysh and the Kaaba was first dedicated to Allah, a supreme god of individuals belonging to different tribes, while the pantheon of the gods of Quraysh was installed in the Kaaba after they conquered Mecca a century before Muhammad's time.


title: Kaaba

text: Imoti contends that there were numerous such Kaaba sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the only one built of stone. The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. There was a "Red Stone", in the Kaaba of the South Arabian city of Ghaiman; and the "White Stone" in the Kaaba of al-Abalat (near modern-day Tabala). Grunebaum in "Classical Islam" points out that the experience of divinity of that period was often associated with the fetishism of stones, mountains, special rock formations, or "trees of strange growth." Armstrong further says that the Kaaba was thought to be at the center of the world, with the Gate of Heaven directly above it. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth.


title: Kaaba

text: According to Sarwar, about 400 years before the birth of Muhammad, a man named 'Amr bin Luhayy, who descended from Qahtan and was the king of Hijaz, placed an idol of Hubal on the roof of the Kaaba. This idol was one of the chief deities of the ruling Quraysh tribe. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. When the idol was moved inside the Kaaba, it had seven arrows in front of it, which were used for divination. To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within of the Kaaba. This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center.


title: Kaaba

text: In Samaritan literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses ("Asatir") states that Ismail and his eldest son Nebaioth built the Kaaba as well as the city of Mecca." The "Asatir" book was likely compiled in the 10th century CE, though Moses Gaster suggested in 1927 that it was written no later than the second half of the 3rd century BCE.


title: Kaaba

text: The Qur'an contains several verses regarding the origin of the Kaaba. It states that the Kaaba was the first House of Worship for mankind, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ismail on Allah's instructions.


title: Kaaba

text: Ibn Kathir, in his famous exegesis ("tafsir") of the Quran, mentions two interpretations among the Muslims on the origin of the Kaaba. One is that the shrine was a place of worship for "mala'ikah" angels before the creation of man. Later, a house of worship was built on the location and was lost during the flood in Nuh (Noah)'s time and was finally rebuilt by Ibrahim and Ismail as mentioned later in the Quran. Ibn Kathir regarded this tradition as weak and preferred instead the narration by Ali ibn Abi Talib that although several other temples might have preceded the Kaaba, it was the first "Bayt Allah" ("House of God"), dedicated solely to Him, built by His instruction, and sanctified and blessed by Him, as stated in Quran 22:26–29. A hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the "Kaaba" was the first masjid on Earth, and the second was the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.


title: Kaaba

text: While Abraham was building the Kaaba, an angel brought to him the Black Stone which he placed in the eastern corner of the structure. Another stone was the "Maqam Ibrahim," the Station of Abraham, where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. The Black Stone and the "Maqam Ibrahim" are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for its maintenance. After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ismail to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the Qurban, sacrifice of cattle. The vicinity of the shrine was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden.


title: Kaaba

text: According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ismail's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the Zamzam well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. Several rituals were adopted in the pilgrimage including doing naked circumambulation. A king named Tubba' is considered the first one to have a door be built for the Kaaba according to sayings recorded in Al-Azraqi's "Akhbar Makka".


title: Kaaba

text: Writing in the "Encyclopedia of Islam", Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called "Macoraba" mentioned by Ptolemy. G. E. von Grunebaum states: "Mecca is mentioned by Ptolemy. The name he gives it allows us to identify it as a South Arabian foundation created around a sanctuary." In "Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam", Patricia Crone argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as Arabia Felix. A recent study has revisited the arguments for Macoraba and found them unsatisfactory.


title: Kaaba

text: Based on an earlier report by Agatharchides of Cnidus, Diodorus Siculus mentions a temple along the Red Sea coast, "which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". Edward Gibbon believed that this was the Kaaba. However, Ian D. Morris argues that Gibbon had misread the source: Diodorus puts the temple too far north for it to have been Mecca.


title: Kaaba

text: This short Nestorian (Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. The section covering the geography starts with a speculation about the origin of the Muslim sanctuary in Arabia: This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Ibrahim in the seventh century. This is the second dateable text mentioning the Kaaba, first being some verses from the Quran.


title: Kaaba

text: Saudi archeologist Mohammed Almaghthawi discovered some rock inscriptions mentioning the Masjid al-Haram and the Kaaba, dating back to the first and second centuries of Islam. One of them reads as follows: Juan Cole is of the opinion that the inscription is likely from the second century A.H. (c. 718 – 815 CE).


title: Kaaba

text: During Muhammad's lifetime (570–632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. Muhammad took part in the reconstruction of the Kaaba after its structure was damaged due to floods around 600 CE. Ibn Ishaq's "Sirat Rasūl Allāh", one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), describes Muhammad settling a quarrel between the Meccan clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone in its place. According to Ishaq's biography, Muhammad's solution was to have all the clan elders raise the cornerstone on a cloak, after which Muhammad set the stone into its final place with his own hands. Ibn Ishaq says that the timber for the reconstruction of the Kaaba came from a Greek ship that had been wrecked on the Red Sea coast at Shu'aybah and that the work was undertaken by a Coptic carpenter called Baqum. Muhammad's Isra' is said to have taken him from the Kaaba to the Masjid al-Aqsa and heavenwards from there.


title: Kaaba

text: Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their qibla, or prayer direction, and faced toward it while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the Kaaba was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2, verse 144. In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the "Umrah", but was prevented from doing so by the Quraysh. He secured a peace treaty with them, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the Kaaba from the following year.


title: Kaaba

text: At the culmination of his mission, in 630 CE, after the allies of the Quraysh, the Banu Bakr, violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Muhammad conquered Mecca. His first action was to remove statues and images from the "Kaaba". According to reports collected by Ibn Ishaq and al-Azraqi, Muhammad spared a painting of Mary and Jesus, and a fresco of Ibrahim.


title: Kaaba

text: Al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam:


title: Kaaba

text: After the conquest, Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Great Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), in Islam. He performed the Hajj in 632 CE called the Hujjat ul-Wada' ("Farewell Pilgrimage") since Muhammad prophesied his impending death on this event.


title: Kaaba

text: The Kaaba has been repaired and reconstructed many times. The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3 Rabi' I 64 AH or Sunday, 31 October 683 CE, during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿAli and the consolidation of power by the Umayyads. 'Abdullah rebuilt it to include the "hatīm". He did so on the basis of a tradition (found in several hadith collections) that the "hatīm" was a remnant of the foundations of the Abrahamic Kaaba, and that Muhammad himself had wished to rebuild it so as to include it.


title: Kaaba

text: The Kaaba was bombarded with stones in the second siege of Mecca in 692, in which the Umayyad army was led by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. The fall of the city and the death of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war. In 693 CE, 'Abd al-Malik had the remnants of al-Zubayr's Kaaba razed, and rebuilt it on the foundations set by the Quraysh. The Kaaba returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time.


title: Kaaba

text: During the Hajj of 930 CE, the Shi'ite Qarmatians attacked Mecca under Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, defiled the Zamzam Well with the bodies of pilgrims and stole the Black Stone, taking it to the oasis in Eastern Arabia known as al-Aḥsāʾ, where it remained until the Abbasids ransomed it in 952 CE. The basic shape and structure of the Kaaba have not changed since then.


title: Kaaba

text: After heavy rains and flooding in 1626, the walls of the Kaaba collapsed and the Mosque was damaged. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated.


title: Kaaba

text: The Kaaba is a cuboid-shaped structure made of stones. It is approximately tall (some claim ), with sides measuring . Inside the Kaaba, the floor is made of marble and limestone. The interior walls, measuring , are clad with tiled, white marble halfway to the roof, with darker trimmings along the floor. The floor of the interior stands about above the ground area where tawaf is performed.


title: Kaaba

text: The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. Along the top corners of the walls runs a black cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Three pillars (some erroneously report two) stand inside the Kaaba, with a small altar or table set between one and the other two. Lamp-like objects (possible lanterns or crucible censers) hang from the ceiling. The ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. The "Bāb ut-Tawbah"—on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood.


title: Kaaba

text: Note: The major (long) axis of the Kaaba has been observed to align with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east–west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of summer solstice and the sunset of winter solstice.


title: Kaaba

text: The "Kaaba" is the holiest site in Islam, and is often called by names such as the "Bayt Allah" (). and "Bayt Allah al-Haram" ().


title: Kaaba

text: "Ṭawāf" () is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage and is compulsory during both the Hajj and Umrah. Pilgrims go around the Kaaba (the most sacred site in Islam) seven times in a counterclockwise direction; the first three at a hurried pace on the outer part of the "Mataaf" and the latter four times closer to the Kaaba at a leisurely pace. The circling is believed to demonstrate the unity of the believers in the worship of the One God, as they move in harmony together around the Kaaba, while supplicating to God. To be in a state of Wudu (ablution) is mandatory while performing tawaf as it is considered to be a form of worship ("'ibadah").


title: Kaaba

text: Tawaf begins from the corner of the Kaaba with the Black Stone. If possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large crowds. They are also to chant the Basmala and Takbir each time they complete one revolution. Hajj pilgrims are generally advised to "make ṭawāf" at least twice – once as part of the Hajj, and again before leaving Mecca.


title: Kaaba

text: The Tawaf has its origins in the religion of the Najranite pagans, who walked around the Kaaba in an act of devotion to their creator god, Allah (not to be confused with the monotheistic god of Islam by the same name). This practice was adopted by Mohammad after some reform


title: Kaaba

text: The "Qibla" is the direction faced during prayer. The direction faced during prayer is the direction of the Kaaba, relative to the person praying. Apart from praying, Muslims generally consider facing the Qibla while reciting the Quran to be a part of good etiquette.


title: Kaaba

text: The building is opened biannually for the ceremony of "The Cleaning of the Sacred Kaaba" (). The ceremony takes place on the 1st of Sha'baan, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar, around thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and on the 15th of Muharram, the first month. The keys to the "Kaaba" are held by the Banī Shaybah () tribe, an honor bestowed upon them by Muhammad. Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony.


title: Kaaba

text: The Governor of the Makkah Province and accompanying dignitaries clean the interior of the Kaaba using cloths dipped in Zamzam water scented with Oud perfume. Preparations for the washing start a day before the agreed date, with the mixing of Zamzam water with several luxurious perfumes including Tayef rose, 'oud and musk. Zamzam water mixed with rose perfume is splashed on the floor and is wiped with palm leaves. Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours.


title: 123Movies

text: 123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, MeMovies or 123movieshub was a network of file streaming websites operating from Vietnam which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's "most popular illegal site" by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) in March 2018, before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities. , the network is still active via clone sites.


title: 123Movies

text: The site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as "123Movies", and other times as "123movies". The original name, and URL, was 123movies.to, which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is. It was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to/is and remaining there until shutdown.


title: 123Movies

text: In October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its "Online Notorious Markets" overview to the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), stating that: "The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data". In October 2016, "Business Insider" reported that 123movies.to was the "most-used pirate website" in the United Kingdom.


title: 123Movies

text: 123Movies included HD, HD-RIP, Blu-ray and camera qualities of films. The video hosters and players it used included Openload, Streamango, and MyCloud. During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by "TorrentFreak" regarding its features, uptime/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown.


title: 123Movies

text: In December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to anime, named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown.


title: 123Movies

text: In March 2017, TorrentFreak reported that the US ambassador to Vietnam, Ted Osius, had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site.


title: 123Movies

text: In October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its "Online Notorious Markets" overview to the Office of the United States Trade Representative, stating that while the site was technically hosted from Ukraine that: "The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the


title: 123Movies

text: operator, including using Cloudflare, but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in Vietnam; content is uploaded using cyberlockers from numerous email accounts originating from Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy".


title: 123Movies

text: In March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the "most popular illegal site in the world", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month. On 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to "respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows".


title: 123Movies

text: In October 2018, the MPAA's update on "Online Notorious Markets" to the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was "an important development" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries. In November 2018 "TorrentFreak" reported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as "WatchAsap" had also been shut down by the FBI, but were re-directing to other file sharing sites. While the website was blocked in India, numerous clones proliferated in India in 2018.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: The Gilded Age is an American historical drama television series created and written by Julian Fellowes for HBO that is set in the United States during the Gilded Age, the boom years of the 1880s in New York City. Originally announced in 2018 for NBC, it was later announced in May 2019 that the show was moved to HBO. The series premiered on January 24, 2022. In February 2022, the series was renewed for a second season. It has received mostly positive reviews, with particular praise for the costumes, cast and performances of lead actors Carrie Coon, Morgan Spector and Christine Baranski.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: A young woman entering 1882 New York City's rigid social scene is drawn into the daily conflicts surrounding the nouveau riche Russell family and the established van Rhijn-Brook family as well as those faced by the upper and upper middle classes, the Black upper class, and the domestic workers that tend to all of their needs.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In September 2012, "The Daily Telegraph" reported Julian Fellowes as saying that he was working on a spin-off prequel of "Downton Abbey". Initially conceived as a book, it was then planned for pick-up by ITV. At the time, Fellowes planned to focus the show around Lord Grantham and Cora's romance and eventual marriage as the Earl and Countess of Grantham.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Production and writing for "The Gilded Age" was updated in January 2016. Asked whether he'd written the script yet, Fellowes said, 'No I haven't, no. I'm doing that this year', before adding: 'And then hopefully shooting at the end of the year.'"


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: On June 4, 2016, Fellowes was asked by the "Los Angeles Times", "Where does "The Gilded Age" stand?" Fellowes replied, "It stands really with me up to my neck in research, and I'm clearing the decks, so that when I start "Gilded Age", I'm only doing "Gilded Age." These people were extraordinary. You can see why they frightened the old guard, because they saw no boundaries. They wanted to build a palace, they built a palace. They wanted to buy a yacht, they bought a yacht. And the old guard in New York weren't like that at all, and suddenly this whirlwind of couture descended on their heads. They redesigned being rich. They created a rich culture that we still have—people who are rich are rich in a way that was established in America in the 1880s, '90s, 1900s. It was different from Europe. Something like Newport would never have happened in any other country, where you have huge palaces, and then about 20 yards away, another huge palace, and 20 yards beyond that another huge palace. In England right up to the 1930s, when people made good money, they would buy an estate of 5,000 acres and they'd have to look after Nanny. The Americans of the 1880s and '90s didn't want too much of that."


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: The final confirmation the show would be produced was announced by NBC in January 2018. NBC originally announced that the show would consist of ten episodes and premiere in 2019. About the show, Fellowes stated: "To write "The Gilded Age" is the fulfillment of a personal dream, I have been fascinated by this period of American history for many years and now NBC has given me the chance to bring it to a modern audience. I could not be more excited and thrilled. The truth is, America is a wonderful country with a rich and varied history, and nothing could give me more pleasure than be the person to bring that compelling history to the screen."


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In May 2019, the series moved from NBC to HBO, with a straight to series order. The series premiered on January 24, 2022, and consists of nine episodes.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In September 2019, the production announced an initial cast consisting of Christine Baranski, Cynthia Nixon, Amanda Peet, and Morgan Spector.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In November 2019, it was announced that Denée Benton, Louisa Jacobson, Taissa Farmiga, Blake Ritson, and Simon Jones would be joining the show. In January 2020, Harry Richardson, Thomas Cocquerel, and Jack Gilpin were cast as series regulars, with Jeanne Tripplehorn cast in a recurring role.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In April Carrie Coon was cast as Bertha Russell to replace Peet because of delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This caused the costuming team to change their approach, using the way Coon presents herself as inspiration for more metallic-colored dresses intended to evoke the burgeoning machine age.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In April 2022, it was announced several members of the recurring cast had been upgraded to series regular status for the second season while Cocquerel will exit the series.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Following the move to HBO, the series was expected to begin filming in March 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic delayed production.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Filming of the series began in Newport, Rhode Island in February 2021, at the mansions Chateau-sur-Mer, The Elms, and The Breakers. A casting call for Rhode Islanders to work as extras on the series was made in December 2020 prior to the production setting up in the city.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: In April 2021, filming continued at Lyndhurst Mansion in Tarrytown, NY and the Hudson River Museum in Yonkers, New York. In May 2021, filming continued in Troy, New York in its Central Troy Historic District where multiple city blocks were transformed to resemble a Victorian era street.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: During filming, a horse died on set and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals asked for an investigation. HBO subsequently issued a statement confirming the death in late June, saying, "a horse collapsed and died, likely of natural causes, according to a veterinarian’s preliminary findings."


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Filming for season two began in August, 2022. Filming for season two has taken place at various locations around White Plains, NY, including Manhattanville College's Reid Hall. Reid Hall has been used as various sets including offices, a home parlor and an art gallery/museum. Reid Hall was designed by Stanford White and built in 1892 for the family of newspaper publisher and diplomat, Whitelaw Reid. Reid Castle was added to the National Registry of Historic Places in 1972.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: On May 21, 2021, the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) filed a charge for unfair labor practices against HBO and its "Gilded Age" production. The union claimed musicians were fired after asking they be represented by AFM. Two days later HBO agreed to cover the members "on an AFM basis".


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Although "The Gilded Age" is a work of fiction, Julian Fellowes worked to accurately represent certain realities of the time period.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Caroline Schermerhorn Astor, also known as "The" Mrs. Astor, ruled New York society in the late nineteenth century. Descending from Dutch settlers, the "knickerbocker" married relatively new money William Backhouse Astor Jr. At the time the series takes place, Astor (Donna Murphy) and her husband are largely estranged. Dismayed by the chaos caused by the end of the Civil War and the rise of new money, and armed with her own distinguished lineage and her husband's fortune, she became the gatekeeper to high society. She and her associate Ward McAllister (Nathan Lane) decreed that members of respectable society must be separated by at least three generations from the origin of the family fortune, as she herself was. McAllister, Mrs Astor's right-hand man, spent years across the Atlantic absorbing culture, details of European courts, and society news. Although some recognized his devotion to preserving elegance and tradition, others saw him as an unapologetic snob.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Two characters, Bertha and George Russell (Carrie Coon and Morgan Spector), appear to be at least partly based on the formidable Alva and William K. Vanderbilt. Alva Esrkine Vanderbilt (later Alva Belmont) came from a wealthy Mobile, Alabama family that lost its money after the Civil War. Determined to regain her social status, she married a scion of the immensely wealthy Vanderbilt family in 1875. But the Vanderbilts were considered too "new money" by Caroline Astor and were largely ignored.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Determined to ascend to the upper echelons of society, Alva Vanderbilt set out to impress Caroline Astor. Among her strategies, she hired society architect Richard Morris Hunt to build a luxurious mansion on Fifth Avenue, then hosted an enormous, extravagant ball for 1,000 as a ‘house-warming’. All details of the festivities were leaked in advance to the press, and young society waited breathlessly for the upcoming ball — including Caroline Astor’s daughter, Carrie (Amy Forsyth). Caroline Astor was forced to call on Alva Vanderbilt to ensure her daughter received an invitation. The ball a success, the family was officially welcomed into New York high society.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: If Bertha Russel is modeled on Alva Vanderbilt, her husband, George Russell, bears little similarity to his counterpart, William K. Vanderbilt. He seems to be inspired by Vanderbilt only on the basis of wealth and marriage to an Alva-like wife.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: Other historical figures who appear in the series include Clara Barton (Linda Emond), founder of the American Red Cross, and T. Thomas Fortune (Sullivan Jones), a man born into slavery who would become one of the leading Black journalists of his day. In his editorials, he wrote passionately about civil rights and denounced racial segregation and discrimination. He also helped found a predecessor to the NAACP, the Afro-American League.


title: The Gilded Age (TV series)

text: At review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds a "Certified Fresh" 80% approval rating based on 70 reviews, with an average rating of 7.0/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Julian Fellowes' brand of upstairs, downstairs intrigue makes a seamless transatlantic transition in "The Gilded Age", with an outstanding cast making the travails of the rich a compelling watch". At Metacritic, the series has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 38 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Prometheus

text: In Greek mythology, Prometheus (; , , possibly meaning "forethought") is a Titan god of fire. Prometheus is best known for defying the gods by stealing fire from them and giving it to humanity in the form of technology, knowledge, and more generally, civilization.


title: Prometheus

text: In some versions of the myth, he is also credited with the creation of humanity from clay. Prometheus is known for his intelligence and for being a champion of humankind, and is also generally seen as the author of the human arts and sciences. He is sometimes presented as the father of Deucalion, the hero of the flood story.


title: Prometheus

text: The punishment of Prometheus as a consequence of the theft of fire and giving it to humans is a popular subject of both ancient and modern culture. Zeus, king of the Olympian gods, sentenced Prometheus to eternal torment for his transgression. Prometheus was bound to a rock, and an eagle—the emblem of Zeus—was sent to eat his liver (in ancient Greece, the liver was thought to be the seat of human emotions). His liver would then grow back overnight, only to be eaten again the next day in an ongoing cycle. According to several major versions of the myth, most notably that of Hesiod, Prometheus was eventually freed by the hero Heracles. In yet more symbolism, the struggle of Prometheus is located by some at Mount Elbrus or at Mount Kazbek, two volcanic promontories in the Caucasus Mountains beyond which for the ancient Greeks lay the realm of the "barbarii".


title: Prometheus

text: In another myth, Prometheus establishes the form of animal sacrifice practiced in ancient Greek religion. Evidence of a cult to Prometheus himself is not widespread. He was a focus of religious activity mainly at Athens, where he was linked to Athena and Hephaestus, who were the Greek deities of creative skills and technology.


title: Prometheus

text: In the Western classical tradition, Prometheus became a figure who represented human striving (particularly the quest for scientific knowledge) and the risk of overreaching or unintended consequences. In particular, he was regarded in the Romantic era as embodying the lone genius whose efforts to improve human existence could also result in tragedy: Mary Shelley, for instance, gave "The Modern Prometheus" as the subtitle to her novel "Frankenstein" (1818).