title: Zoey Deutch

text: She started taking acting classes at the age of five. Deutch studied at Oakwood School, Los Angeles County High School for the Arts and at the Young Actors Space. She majored in theater at L.A. County High School for the Arts.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch began her career in 2010, at the age of 15, with a role on the Disney Channel original series "The Suite Life on Deck" as Maya, Zack Martin's love interest. From 2011 to 2012, she played recurring role of Juliet Martin in The CW thriller drama "Ringer". She debuted on the big screen in "Mayor Cupcake" (2011) alongside her mother and sister. Deutch booked a small scene in "The Amazing Spider-Man" but director Marc Webb cut the scene, although it is included on the DVD.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Her big screen breakthrough came in the supporting role of Emily Asher, alongside Emma Thompson, Thomas Mann and Alden Ehrenreich in the 2013 fantasy-romance-drama "Beautiful Creatures" based on a well-known young adult novel of the same name written by authors Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl and the first book in the Caster Chronicles series. Deutch also appeared on "NCIS", "", ABC Family's "Switched at Birth" and in Marc Cherry's television pilot "Hallelujah".


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch starred as Rosemarie Hathaway in "Vampire Academy" (2014), based on the first book of best-selling young adult six book series written by Richelle Mead. The film marked her first appearance as a lead. Jordan Hoffman of the "New York Daily News" termed her performance in the film as breakout lead performance. In January 2014, it was announced that she would star as lead opposite Tyson Ritter in Randall Miller's "Midnight Rider", a biopic of Gregg Allman. Deutch then joined the teen coming-of-age comedy "Good Kids", which was released on October 21, 2016, by Vertical Entertainment. She also landed the lead role in Julie Plec's and Sue Kramer's rom-com "Cover Girl" and starred in the official music video of the song "Opium" by The New Division with Avan Jogia.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: In 2016, Deutch played Beverly in Richard Linklater's "Everybody Wants Some!!", which premiered at SXSW Film Festival. Deutch was essentially the only female lead in the film, paired with freshman ballplayer Jake Bradford played by Blake Jenner. She starred alongside Robert De Niro and Zac Efron in "Dirty Grandpa", as love interest to Efron's character and in "Why Him?" alongside James Franco, Bryan Cranston and Megan Mullally. She played a Stanford student, daughter to Bryan Cranston and Megan Mullally's characters, who falls in love with a billionaire, Laird, played by James Franco. Deutch's next role was in the crime drama "Vincent-N-Roxxy", alongside Emory Cohen, Emile Hirsch and Zoë Kravitz which premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch starred as Samantha "Sam" Kingston in "Before I Fall", an adaptation of Lauren Oliver's best-selling young adult novel of the same name, also starring Jennifer Beals and Kian Lawley. Andrea Mandell of USA Today described "Before I Fall" as a milestone in Deutch's rising career. The scripts of "Good Kids", "Dirty Grandpa" and "Before I Fall" were on the 2011 Black List. A second film featuring Deutch premiered at Sundance Film Festival in 2017, Danny Strong's "Rebel in the Rye". The biopic of author J.D. Salinger saw Deutch as Oona O'Neill opposite Nicholas Hoult, Kevin Spacey, and Laura Dern.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch starred in "Flower" directed by Max Winkler, with a script written by Alex McAulay. "Flower" was added to the 2012 Black List and premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival. Aubrey Page of Collider described her performance as an "electric lead performance" and David Ehrlich of IndieWire thought the film "confirms that Zoey Deutch is a genuine star in the making." Frank Scheck of "The Hollywood Reporter" concluded "Flower is redeemed only by Zoey Deutch's magnetic performance, which would be star-making if in the service of a better vehicle."


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch appeared in her mother Lea Thompson's directorial debut "The Year Of Spectacular Men" as Sabrina, with Avan Jogia, her sister Madelyn, Cameron Monaghan and Nicholas Braun. She also shares the production credit for the film. The film had its world premiere in June 2017 in Los Angeles Film Festival 2017 and was screened at various film festivals before theatrical release. Scott Menzel of "We Live Entertainment" described her role as Sabrina in this film as "without question her finest performance to date." Along with these, in the same year, was seen opposite Ed Sheeran in the official music video of his song "Perfect" from the album "÷". The video which was released on November 9, 2017, has garnered over 3 billion views and 16 million likes, as of November 2021. Also in 2017, she appeared in James Franco's "The Disaster Artist", based on the book by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell, which tells the behind-the-scenes story behind cult film "The Room".


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch starred opposite her "Everybody Wants Some" costar Glen Powell, in Netflix's 2018 romantic comedy "Set It Up". The story follows two overworked assistants who try to get their horrible bosses out of their hair by setting them up together. She also landed a role in the drama-comedy "The Professor" alongside Johnny Depp. In May 2019, the makers of Netflix rom-com "Set It Up" announced that Deutch will be reuniting with Glen Powell for another rom-com tentatively titled "Most Dangerous Game". In July 2018, it was announced that Deutch would be starring in Ryan Murphy's new web television comedy series on Netflix, "The Politician" alongside Ben Platt and Gwyneth Paltrow, which was released on Netflix on September 27, 2019. She appeared in the drama film "Buffaloed" directed by Tanya Wexler in 2019.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch starred as Madison in "" alongside Emma Stone and Jesse Eisenberg, the sequel to zombie comedy "Zombieland", which was released October 11, 2019. She received positive reviews for her performance, and Deutch was nominated at the 2020 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards for Best Supporting Actress. In 2020, Deutch starred in the Quibi television series adaptation "", to raise money for World Central Kitchen. In 2021, she appeared in the music video "Anyone", a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber; for the first song. She also joined "Hound" as the lead character "Callie" as well as producer. In February 2021, it was announced that Deutch will star in Graham Moore's directorial debut "The Outfit" alongside Mark Rylance and Dylan O'Brien.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: In June 2021, she was cast in Quinn Shephard's "Not Okay", a satire feature film which will be released on Hulu. She lent her voice for the character Lily in adult animated comedy series "Fairfax" premiering on Amazon Prime Video in October 2021. In November 2021, it was announced that she will play the lead and be executive producer of "Something From Tiffany's", an Amazon Original film co-produced by Reese Witherspoon and Hello Sunshine, based on the Melissa Hill novel.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch along with Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Rodrigo Santoro and Vince Vaughn performed a live reading of selected scenes from five winning scripts of 2017 at the 2017 Academy Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting Awards Presentation & Live Read. She also joined as a presenter at 2018 Film Independent Spirit Awards. She again took the stage as a host for welcoming the founder of non-profit, non-governmental organization Vital Voices, Hillary Clinton at Global Leadership Awards 2018. She joined as one of the speakers in first ever "Embrace Ambition Summit" held at Lincoln Center in New York. She is one of the invitees to the Academy 2018 membership.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch supports Planned Parenthood and was part of its rally with pro-choice advocates and leaders celebrating the 45th anniversary of "Roe v. Wade" at Sacramento, California. She has performed for the benefit of Alzheimer's Association and "What a pair!" Org with her mother Lea Thompson and sister Madelyn Deutch. With her family, she has worked for more than a decade with Corazón de Vida, which supports orphanages in Baja California, Mexico. She participated in the 2017 Women's March and returned in 2018. She is also a part of the "Embrace Ambition" campaign of the Tory Burch Foundation. She was one of the celebrity ambassadors for the seventh annual "Shop for Success" charity designer shopping event that supports the efforts of Dress For Success. She has also shown her support toward anti-sexual harassment movement Time's Up. She has been a part of several fundraising campaigns for charity and in support of various causes.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Deutch has been the cover girl to "Justine" magazine's February 2013 issue, "Miabella" magazine's April 2013 issue, "Afterglow" magazine's December 2013 issue, "Bello" magazine's March 2014 edition, "Flaunt" magazine's June 2015 issue, the February 2016 issue of "Cosmopolitan" U.S., spring 2016 edition of "Rogue" magazine. She appeared on the cover of September 2016 issue of "Harper by Harper's Bazaar" and performed as a guest editor.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: She modeled for March 2013 issue of "Interview", Allure's December 2016 issue and has done feature shoots for February 2014 issues of "Seventeen" and "InStyle" magazine, December 2015 issue of "Nylon", January 2016 and April 2017 issues of "W Magazine", March 2017 issue of "Vanity Fair Italia", April 2017 issue of "Vogue Russia" and "Vogue Turkey", May 2017 issue of "Vanity Fair Spain", July 2017 issue of "Marie Claire Indonesia", summer 2017 issue of "Wonderland" magazine and summer campaign shoot for Tory Burch LLC.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: She was on the cover of the April 2017 issue of "C California Style Magazine" and also among "Marie Claire"'s Fresh Faces 2017 and one of the cover stars of its May 2017 edition. She was on the cover of annual Women Of Hollywood portfolio of "The Edit" magazine in May, 2017., Spring/Summer 2017 issue 07 of "Tidal Magazine" and on the February 2018 edition of "New York Post Alexa". She was the May 2018 cover star of "Ocean Drive Magazine", "Capitol File Magazine", and "Los Angeles Confidential" magazine. In 2020, she featured in first ever worldwide video and image campaign, "#MeAndMyPeekaboo" by Italian luxury fashion house Fendi.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: She is frequently included in best dressed lists for her various appearances and also seen in front rows of Milan Fashion Week, Paris Fashion Week, Diane von Furstenberg, Cushnie et Ochs, DKNY, New York Fashion Week,


title: Zoey Deutch

text: Fendi's Haute couture show. In 2013, "Glamour" included her among their list of "Hollywood's Next Big Things". Deutch was among the Yahoo! Breakout Stars for the year 2014. In 2014, "Vanity Fair" listed her among their "Hollywood's Next Wave Lineup". In the same year, "Variety" also included her in their list of "'It' Girls (And Boys): Young Hollywood's Rising Stars". "The Hollywood Reporter" listed her among their "Next Gen Talent 2016: Hollywood's Rising Stars 35 and Under" list.


title: Zoey Deutch

text: "Harper's Bazaar" described her as "quickly becoming Young Hollywood's most valuable player". In 2017, British "GQ" described her as "Hollywood's hottest newcomer" and "Grazia Italy" described her as the symbol of the "new generation of actresses-activists". In a 2018 Indie Wire critics survey, she was listed among "The Best American Actors Under 30".


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: Hogwarts Legacy is an upcoming action role-playing game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment under its Portkey Games label. The game is set in the Wizarding World universe, based on the "Harry Potter" novels and film series including "Fantastic Beasts". "Hogwarts Legacy" is scheduled to be released for Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch in 2023.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: "Hogwarts Legacy" is an action role-playing game in which players are able to attend classes at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Locations from the Wizarding World franchise will be explorable such as the Forbidden Forest, Diagon alley, and Hogsmeade. Other areas as yet unseen visually in other media include the Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw common rooms. Progressing through the game will see the interior and exterior of the castle change visually to match the seasons.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: During character creation the player is able to choose their appearance, house, and gender. Players will be able to customize their character's voice, body type and add accessories such as glasses in character creation. Level progression will allow the player to access and upgrade different spells, talents, and abilities. Through in-game challenges, the player character will gain experience points to gain levels. These challenges come in the form of Combat, Quests, Exploration, Field Guide Pages and Room of Requirement. While house points for the four Hogwarts houses play a part in the game's plot, these will not be a gameplay mechanic influenced by player actions. The game will feature environmental customisation elements; players will be able to modify the Room of Requirement as they level up through the game.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: The player character will learn to cast various magical spells, brew potions and master combat abilities. As players progress, they will be able to develop their own special combat style. While attending classes does advance gameplay mechanics, such spell learnings are not a scheduled gameplay element in itself. Classes will be attended as part of plot development milestones. Players can acquire combat items, either through trading or crafting, which may be used to harm enemies or apply buffs to the player. Players will be able to tame, care for, and ride different magical beasts including hippogriffs and thestrals. Dragons, trolls, acromantulas, graphorns, mooncalves, fwoopers, kneazles, and nifflers are other interactable magical creatures. Some creatures can be used in combat, such as use of the mandrakes to stun enemies.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: Player characters will be able to establish friendships with interactable non-player characters. As these relationships grow, schoolmates will become companions who can accompany players on their journey, expand their abilities and offer unique dialogue options as players learn their stories.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: "Hogwarts Legacy" is set in the 1890s and follows a student starting at Hogwarts in the fifth year. As the player is starting at the school later than other students, a wizards field guide is given by the Ministry of Magic. Completing sections of this guide through exploration provides additional information and experience points. The player character, who holds the key to an "ancient secret that threatens to tear the wizarding world apart", is capable of manipulating a mysterious ancient magic, and will need to help uncover why this forgotten magic has suddenly made a resurgence and the ones that are simultaneously trying to harness it. The player is able to interact with characters previously seen within the Wizarding World franchise including Nearly Headless Nick, The Fat Lady, and Peeves. The player character will be introduced to new characters such as Professor Eleazar Fig, acting as a mentor figure to the protagonist. Antagonists featured in the game include Ranrok, the leader of the Goblin Rebellion, and Victor Rookwood, the leader of a group of Dark Wizards.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: The game is being developed by Avalanche Software, which was acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment from Disney in January 2017. In the same year, Warner Bros. established a new publishing label named Portkey Games, which was dedicated to managing the Wizarding World license. Franchise creator J. K. Rowling is not directly involved in the game's development.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: The game is being built using the Unreal Engine. Gameplay footage had leaked in 2018. "Hogwarts Legacy" was announced at a PlayStation 5 event in September 2020, with plans to be released for Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S in 2021. However, it was delayed twice, first to 2022, and later to February 10, 2023. Its PS4 and Xbox One versions were delayed from its February 2023 launch to April. A Nintendo Switch port is scheduled for release on July 25, 2023.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: "Hogwarts Legacy" features changing music based on the location of the player character, as they move through the open world, with notable differences within specific common rooms that can only be accessed by players who choose each corresponding school house.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: In February 2021, a series of social media posts published by Avalanche Software and "Hogwarts Legacy" lead designer Troy Leavitt received widespread criticism. Online media outlets reported on the content of his YouTube videos such as "In Defense of John Lasseter" and "In Praise of Cultural Appropriation" as well as those showing support for the controversial Gamergate harassment campaign. Following the controversy surrounding his social media activity, Leavitt left Avalanche Software and the "Hogwarts Legacy" project, though he states that this was unrelated to the controversy. Warner Bros. declined to comment.


title: Hogwarts Legacy

text: Following the release of the first gameplay trailer in March 2022, the game received criticism for basing it in the Goblin Rebellion era of the Wizarding World history with the game's story-line focusing on the player suppressing a goblin rebellion. The Wizarding World lore surrounding goblins has often been accused of being based on known antisemitic tropes. The criticism spurred from the beliefs that the game's core message was that the minority goblin group should be considered the enemy for rebelling against their oppressor and fighting for freedom and equal rights.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Martin John Christopher Freeman (born 8 September 1971) is an English actor. Among other accolades, he has won an Emmy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman's most notable roles are that of Tim Canterbury in the mockumentary series "The Office" (2001–2003), Dr. John Watson in the British crime drama series "Sherlock" (2010–2017), young Bilbo Baggins in "The Hobbit" film trilogy (2012–2014), and Lester Nygaard in the first season of the dark comedy-crime drama series "Fargo" (2014). He has also appeared in films including the romantic comedy "Love Actually" (2003), the horror comedy "Shaun of the Dead" (2004), the sci-fi comedy "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" (2005), the action comedy "Hot Fuzz" (2007), the semi-improvised comedy "Nativity!" (2009), the sci-fi comedy "The World's End" (2013), and as Everett K. Ross in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films "" (2016), "Black Panther" (2018), and "" (2022). He will reprise the role in the upcoming Disney+ series "Secret Invasion" (2023).


title: Martin Freeman

text: Martin John Christopher Freeman was born on 8 September 1971 in Aldershot, Hampshire, the youngest of five children.


title: Martin Freeman

text: His parents, Philomena (née Norris) and naval officer Geoffrey Freeman, separated when he was a child. His father died of a heart attack when Freeman was 10 years old.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman's paternal grandfather, Leonard W. Freeman, was a medic in the British Expeditionary Force during World War II and was killed in action at Dunkirk just a few days before the Dunkirk evacuation.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Leonard's father, Richard, was born blind and worked as a piano tuner and organist at St Andrew's Church in West Tarring before becoming a music teacher in Kingston upon Hull.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman was raised in his mother's Catholic faith, and attended the Salesian School in Chertsey, Surrey, before attending Brooklands College in nearby Weybridge for media studies. His older brother, Tim, became a singer with the group Frazier Chorus.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman attended the Central School of Speech and Drama and has appeared in at least 18 TV shows, 14 theatre productions, and several radio productions. He is notable for his role as Tim Canterbury in "The Office", a role which, he said in 2004, "cast a very long shadow" for him as an actor. He appeared in the sitcom "Hardware" (2003–2004). He also appeared in several films, including "Ali G Indahouse" (2002) and "Love Actually" (2003).


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman began to move into more serious dramatic roles on television with his appearance as Lord Shaftesbury in the 2003 BBC historical drama "". He can also be seen making a brief appearance in the first episode of the second series of "This Life". Freeman also starred in the BBC television series "The Robinsons" and had a cameo in Episode 1 of "Black Books". In 2007, he appeared in "The All Together" written and directed by Gavin Claxton, as well as the Bill Kenwright theatre production of "The Last Laugh". Freeman is featured in the video for Faith No More's cover of "I Started a Joke". In May 2009, he starred in "Boy Meets Girl", a four-part drama that charts the progress of characters Veronica and Danny after an accident which causes them to swap bodies.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman played Dr. John Watson in "Sherlock", the BBC contemporary adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes detective stories. The first episode of "Sherlock", "A Study in Pink", was broadcast on 25 July 2010 to critical acclaim. For his performance in the role, he won the 2011 BAFTA award for Best Supporting Actor and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman played Bilbo Baggins, the main character, in the three-part Peter Jackson's "The Hobbit" film series. Accolades that his performance in the first part, "", garnered him include Best Hero at the 2013 MTV Movie Awards and Best Actor at the 18th Empire Awards.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman appeared in all three films of Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright's comedic "Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy", commencing with a brief non-speaking role in "Shaun of the Dead" as Yvonne's boyfriend, Declan, followed by a brief cameo in "Hot Fuzz" as a police officer. He was a main cast member in the 2013 finale to the trilogy, "The World's End". On 5 October 2013, he was presented with a fellowship bearing his name by the members of University College Dublin's Literary & Historical Society. In April 2014, he played insurance salesman Lester Nygaard in the dark comedy-crime drama series "Fargo". For his performance in this series, he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Critics' Choice Television Award. He opened in the title role in Shakespeare’s play "Richard III" in July 2014 at Trafalgar Studios.


title: Martin Freeman

text: In 2015, Freeman starred as producer Milton Fruchtman in the television film "The Eichmann Show", based on blacklisted TV director Leo Hurwitz's filming of the 1961 trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. The film intercut dramatic scenes with historical footage from the trial. "The Daily Telegraph" described the film as "absolutely enthralling". He also played Everett K. Ross, a Central Intelligence Agency agent in "", which was released in May 2016.


title: Martin Freeman

text: In 2017, Freeman starred in "Cargo", which premiered at the Adelaide Film Festival on 6 August 2017. The film is a feature-length remake of a 2013 short film of the same name. Later in the year he appeared opposite Tamsin Greig in "Labour of Love", a political comedy by James Graham, at the Noël Coward Theatre. "Labour of Love" charts both the evolution of the UK Labour Party in recent decades and its presence in a tight-knit Nottinghamshire community. Freeman portrays fictional Labour MP David Lyons, whose modernising ideas pit him against the traditional left-wing constituency agent Jean Whittaker (Greig).


title: Martin Freeman

text: In 2018, he reprised his role as Everett K. Ross in "Black Panther", which was set around two weeks after the event in "Captain America: Civil War", making it his second appearance in Marvel Cinematic Universe. Between May 2017 and July 2019, Freeman starred in numerous adverts for Vodafone.


title: Martin Freeman

text: In June 2018, Freeman was part of "To Provide All People", a BBC Wales drama celebrating 70 years of the National Health Service.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Since March 2020, Freeman has starred in the FX/Sky One comedy series "Breeders". Freeman also serves as creator and an executive producer for the series. On 18 May 2020 FX and Sky One renewed "Breeders" for a second season.


title: Martin Freeman

text: In 2011, Freeman umpired a charity cricket match to raise money for victims of the Christchurch earthquake.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman resides in the Belsize Park area of London. He previously lived in Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, with actress Amanda Abbington. They were together from 2000 to 2016, and have a son named Joe and a daughter named Grace. They appeared together in productions such as "Sherlock", "Swinging with the Finkels", "The Debt", "The Robinsons", and "The All Together". On 22 December 2016, it was reported that Freeman and Abbington had separated. He is a vegetarian and is no longer a practicing Catholic. He is a close friend of actor Simon Pegg, who is the godfather of his son.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman's personal style follows that of British mod subculture, and he cites Paul Weller as one of his heroes and influences on his style. He is a fan of soul, Motown, and jazz music, and presented an episode of BBC Two's "The Culture Show" in 2009 titled "Martin Freeman Goes to Motown". He also selected music for a 2006 Motown compilation titled "Made to Measure", and worked on a jazz compilation with his friend Eddie Piller titled "Jazz on the Corner", which was released on Acid Jazz Records on 23 March 2018 and featured tracks by Kamasi Washington and The Brand New Heavies. The pair presented Craig Charles' "Funk and Soul Show" on 31 March 2018. In 2019, a follow-up album titled "Soul on the Corner" was announced, featuring tracks by Leroy Hutson and Bobby Womack.


title: Martin Freeman

text: Freeman is a supporter of the Labour Party. As a teenager, he supported the now-defunct political group Militant and volunteered with the Labour Party Young Socialists. In 2015, he appeared in a party political broadcast to endorse the Labour Party ahead of the 2015 UK general election. In August 2015, Freeman was a supporter of Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com is a webmail service that is part of the Microsoft 365 product family. It offers mail, calendaring, contacts, and tasks services.


title: Outlook.com

text: Founded in 1996 by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith as Hotmail, it was acquired by Microsoft in 1997 for an estimated $400 million and relaunched as "MSN Hotmail", later rebranded to "Windows Live Hotmail" as part of the Windows Live suite of products. Microsoft phased out Hotmail in October 2011, relaunching the service as Outlook.com in 2012.


title: Outlook.com

text: Hotmail service was founded by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith, and was one of the first webmail services on the Internet along with Four11's RocketMail (later Yahoo! Mail). It was commercially launched on July 4, 1996, symbolizing "freedom" from ISP-based email and the ability to access a user's inbox from anywhere in the world. The name "Hotmail" was chosen out of many possibilities ending in "-mail" as it included the letters HTML, the markup language used to create web pages (to emphasize this, the original type casing was "HoTMaiL"). The limit for free storage was 2 MB. Hotmail was initially backed by venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson. By December 1997, it reported more than 8.5 million subscribers. Hotmail initially ran under Solaris for mail services and Apache on FreeBSD for web services, before being partly converted to Microsoft products, using Windows Services for UNIX in the migration path.


title: Outlook.com

text: Hotmail was sold to Microsoft in December 1997 for a reported $400 million, and it joined the MSN group of services.


title: Outlook.com

text: The sale had been preceded by a major incident in 1997 where all email was lost for 25 % of mailboxes.


title: Outlook.com

text: Hotmail quickly gained in popularity as it was localized for different markets around the globe, and became the world's largest webmail service with more than 30 million active members reported by February 1999.


title: Outlook.com

text: Hotmail originally ran on a mixture of FreeBSD and Solaris operating systems. A project was started to move Hotmail to Windows 2000. In June 2001, Microsoft claimed this had been completed; a few days later they retracted the statement and admitted that the DNS functions of the Hotmail system were still reliant on FreeBSD. In 2002 Hotmail still ran its infrastructure on UNIX servers, with only the front-end converted to Windows 2000. Later development saw the service tied with Microsoft's web authentication scheme, Microsoft Passport (now Microsoft account), and integration with Microsoft's instant messaging and social networking programs, MSN Messenger and MSN Spaces (later Windows Live Messenger and Windows Live Spaces, respectively).


title: Outlook.com

text: In 1999, hackers revealed a security flaw in Hotmail that permitted anybody to log in to any Hotmail account using the password 'eh'. At the time it was called "the most widespread security incident in the history of the Web". In 2001, the Hotmail service was compromised again by computer hackers who discovered that anyone could log in to their Hotmail account and then pull messages from any other Hotmail account by crafting a URL with the second account's username and a valid message number. It was such a simple attack that by the time the patch was made, dozens of newspapers and hundreds of web sites published exact descriptions allowing tens of thousands of hackers to run rampant across Hotmail. The exploitable vulnerability exposed millions of accounts to tampering between August 7 and 31, 2001.


title: Outlook.com

text: In 2004, Google announced its own mail service, Gmail. Featuring greater storage space, speed, and interface flexibility, this new competitor spurred a wave of innovation in webmail. The main industry heavyweights – Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail – introduced upgraded versions of their email services with greater speed, security, and advanced features.


title: Outlook.com

text: Microsoft's new email system was announced on November 1, 2005, under the codename "Kahuna", and a beta version was released to a few thousand testers. Other webmail enthusiasts also wanting to try the beta version could request an invitation granting access. The new service was built from scratch and emphasized three main concepts of being "faster, simpler, and safer". New versions of the beta service were rolled out over the development period, and by the end of 2006 the number of beta testers had reached the millions.


title: Outlook.com

text: The Hotmail brand was planned to be phased-out when Microsoft announced that the new mail system would be called Windows Live Mail, but the developers soon backtracked after beta-testers were confused with the name change and preferred the already well-known Hotmail name, and decided on Windows Live Hotmail. After a period of beta testing, it was officially released to new and existing users in the Netherlands on November 9, 2006, as a pilot market. Development of the beta was finished in April 2007, Windows Live Hotmail was released to new registrations on May 7, 2007, as the 260 million MSN Hotmail accounts worldwide gained access to the new system. The old MSN Hotmail interface was accessible only by users who registered before the Windows Live Hotmail release date and had not chosen to update to the new service. The roll-out to all existing users was completed in October 2007.


title: Outlook.com

text: Windows Live Hotmail was awarded "PC Magazine"s Editor's Choice Award in February 2007, March 2007, and February 2011.


title: Outlook.com

text: In 2008 it was announced that the service would be updated with focus on improving the speed, increasing the storage space, better user experience and usability features, and that sign-in and email access speeds would be up to 70 percent faster. The classic and full versions of Windows Live Hotmail were combined in the new release. As a result of user feedback, Hotmail was updated so that scrolling works for users who have the reading pane turned off. It was also expected that Hotmail team would be moving the advertisement from the top of page to the side, adding more themes, increasing the number of messages on each page and adding the ability to send instant messages from the user's inbox in future releases.


title: Outlook.com

text: Support for Firefox in the upgraded Windows Live Hotmail took a few months to complete. By 2009, support for Google Chrome was still incomplete, prompting the Chrome developers to temporarily ship a browser that employed user agent spoofing when making requests to the Windows Live site.


title: Outlook.com

text: As part of the update, Microsoft also added integrated capability for instant messaging with contacts on the Windows Live Messenger service. The feature was the realization of a project that began as "Windows Live Web Messenger" in 2007, a replacement for the outdated "MSN Web Messenger" service that was first introduced in August 2004. It was noted that the original "Windows Live Web Messenger" featured tabbed conversations in a "conversation workspace", however since its integration with Hotmail this has been removed.


title: Outlook.com

text: Microsoft's search engine Bing was integrated into Hotmail in 2009 through the introduction of a "Quick Add" feature, allowing users to add search results from Bing into emails. These include images, maps and business listings.


title: Outlook.com

text: On May 18, 2010, Microsoft unveiled the "Wave 4" update of Hotmail, which offered features such as 1-click filters, active views, inbox sweeping, and 10 GB space for photos, Microsoft Office documents, and attachments. It also included integration with Windows Live SkyDrive and Windows Live Office, a free version of Microsoft's Office Web Apps suite. The new version began its gradual release to all Hotmail users on June 15, 2010 and was completely rolled out on August 3, 2010. Exchange ActiveSync support was enabled to all Hotmail users on August 30, 2010, allowing users to sync their mail, contacts, calendar and tasks to their mobile devices that supports the protocol. Addition of full-session SSL was released on November 9, 2010.


title: Outlook.com

text: Throughout 2011, Microsoft added several new features to Hotmail, such as aliases and speed improvements. In October 2011, Microsoft unveiled a "re-invented Hotmail", and added many new features such as Instant Actions, scheduled Sweep, and Categories and this update began fully rolling out on November 9, 2011. This update also made SSL enabled by default on all accounts.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com was first introduced on July 31, 2012, when its beta version was made available to the general public. Existing Hotmail customers could freely upgrade to the preview version of Outlook.com and downgrade back.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com graduated preview stage on February 18, 2013. According to Microsoft, the upgrade was deployed on April 3, 2013; users kept their existing Hotmail accounts and received the option of having an @outlook.com email address. By May 2013, the upgrade was completed and Outlook.com had 400 million active users. By May 2014, Outlook.com continued to have 400 million active users.


title: Outlook.com

text: In May 2015, Microsoft announced it would move the service over to what it described as an Office 365-based infrastructure. This was followed in June 2015 by the introduction through an opt-in preview of new features, including new calendar layout options, a filtering service called "Clutter" and new theme designs. Microsoft also introduced the ability for third-party providers such as PayPal and Evernote to include add-ins into the service. Additionally, contact suggestions and updates from emails such as flight reservations are due to be introduced to Office 365 subscribers' accounts and Outlook.com users' from January and March 2016 respectively. With the upgrade, users were no longer able to use the Windows Live Mail 2012 client to synchronize their email, contacts and calendar event using the official settings; they were encouraged to view Outlook.com through a web browser, through the Mail app, or through the Microsoft Outlook client. However, Windows Live Mail could be configured to use the IMAP protocol (or the less effective POP3) to fetch mail only. Microsoft concluded this preview stage in February 2016, when it began to roll out the new version to users' accounts, beginning with North America.


title: Outlook.com

text: On August 8, 2017, Microsoft launched a new opt-in beta toggle allowing users to test upcoming changes to the Outlook.com Mail, including a faster inbox, a responsive design, and the ability to search for emojis. There was also an introduction of the Photos Hub, the fifth component of Outlook.com.


title: Outlook.com

text: On October 30, 2017, Microsoft announced that it would phase out its "Outlook.com Premium" subscription service, which offered features such as expanded storage and removal of ads from the user interface. These benefits were subsequently made available to Office 365 subscribers, and Microsoft will no longer accept new subscriptions to Outlook.com Premium. Existing Outlook.com Premium subscribers may continue to renew their existing subscription.


title: Outlook.com

text: Similar to other major webmail services, Outlook.com uses Ajax programming techniques and supports later versions of Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome. Some of its features include keyboard controls giving the ability to navigate around the page without using the mouse, the ability to search the user's messages including structured query syntax such as "from:ebay", message filters, folder-based organization of messages, auto-completion of contact addresses when composing, contact grouping, importing and exporting of contacts as CSV files, rich text formatting, rich text signatures, spam filtering and virus scanning, support for multiple addresses, and different language versions.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com has promised to respect users' privacy, specifically targeting Gmail's privacy practices. Outlook.com does not scan emails or attachments for advertising information and personal conversations are ad-free entirely.


title: Outlook.com

text: In March 2014, when former Microsoft employee Alex Kibkalo was arrested for his involvement in 2012 leaking of Microsoft's trade secrets, Microsoft came under criticism for having accessed the email inbox of his French accomplice. Critics claim these actions violate privacy laws as well as Microsoft's own promises with regards to users' personal information, while others have pointed out that such access is permitted under Microsoft's privacy policies in order to "protect the rights or property of Microsoft", that it was necessary in order to prevent a crime intended to have inflicted billions of dollars of damage, and that such action on Microsoft's part is unprecedented in 18 years. In response to the criticism, Microsoft has announced that it would no longer access private account information themselves in such cases, but would instead hand the investigation over to law enforcement agencies.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com uses DMARC specifications to provide better security for message transmission and Extended Validation Certificate to secure the user's connection with Outlook.com. On April 17, 2013, Microsoft added two step verification to Microsoft accounts, thereby by extension to Outlook.com.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook also allows for a single-use code to be used instead of a user's password when signing into a Microsoft account. Each code can only be used once, but one can be requested whenever needed. If a user is signing in on a public computer—such as at the library or school—using a single-use code helps keep account information secure. The single-use code is sent to the user when requested during login.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com integrates with Office for the web to allow viewing and editing of Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint documents that are attached to the email messages. Users can directly open attached Office documents within the web browser, and save them into their OneDrive. Users can also perform edits to any received Office documents, and directly reply to the sender with the edited version of the document. In addition, users may also send up to 25 GB of Office documents (up to 50 MB each) using Outlook.com by uploading these documents onto OneDrive, and share these documents with other users for viewing or collaboration. Users can also save emails to OneNote.


title: Outlook.com

text: A preview version of Skype for Outlook.com started rolling out in the UK on April 30, 2013. This feature allows users to make a Skype video call within Outlook.com without using the Skype desktop client.


title: Outlook.com

text: Users can create additional, unique email addresses, called "aliases", for their Microsoft account. As of April 17, 2013, users can sign in with any alias and create up to 10 aliases per year for a total of up to 10 addresses. For a given account, all aliases use the same inbox, contact list, and account settings—including password—as the primary address. Once an alias is set up, users can choose to have all email sent to that address go to the inbox, or to a different folder. Emails sent from an alias do not reveal to recipients that they come from an account with other addresses.


title: Outlook.com

text: The freeware version of hotmail.com provides a list of almost 50 keyboard shortcuts for web users with visual impairment, blindness or other disabilities.


title: Outlook.com

text: Mail is the webmail component of Outlook.com. The default view is a three column view with folders and groups on the left, a list of email messages in the middle, and the selected message on the right.


title: Outlook.com

text: Mail's Active View allows users to interact directly with contents and functionality within their email message. For example, any photo attachments can be previewed directly using Active View. In addition, Mail provides a partner platform which allows contents and functionality from various websites and services such as YouTube, Flickr, LinkedIn, and the United States Postal Service to be viewed directly within the email message. For example, users may view the YouTube video within Mail when a user receives an email which contains a link to the video. Other Active View features include tracking of real time shipping status from United States Postal Service and performing social networking actions on LinkedIn or other social networking sites directly from within the email message.


title: Outlook.com

text: Mail offers a "virtual broom" which allow users to delete or move large numbers of emails into specified folders based on the sender's information. Once a "sweep" is performed, the user may choose to configure Mail to remember the sweep settings and perform the same move or delete actions for any future emails. Users may also set up custom message rules based on the sender's or recipient's information, the subject of the email, or attachments to the email. There is also an option to delete/move messages that are older than a specified number of days, or only keep the latest message from a sender.


title: Outlook.com

text: Quick views allow users to filter all emails (in all folders) by document attachments, photo attachments, flagged messages, or shipping updates. One-click filters allow users to filter the inbox (or specific folder) based on whether or not the email message is unread, from the People service list, group mailing lists, or from a social networking website (à la LinkedIn). Categories appear under quick views for ease of access.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook's time-management web application was first released on January 14, 2008, as Windows Live Calendar, and was updated to the "Wave 4" release on June 7, 2010. It was updated with Microsoft's Metro design in a phased roll-out to users from April 2, 2013.


title: Outlook.com

text: Calendar features a similar interface to desktop calendar applications such as Windows Calendar, and supports iCalendar files for users to import calendar entries into their calendars. It uses Ajax technology which enables users to view, add and drag-and-drop calendar events from one date to another without reloading the page, and features daily, weekly, monthly and agenda view modes. It also features a to-do list function for users to keep track of their tasks to be completed.


title: Outlook.com

text: Calendar events are stored online and can be viewed from any location. Multiple calendars can be created and shared, allowing different levels of permissions for each user.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook's contacts management service was originally known as Windows Live Contacts and before that, Windows Live People. It provides users with access to their contacts' profiles and information, allowing them to share different information with different groups of people. Besides an address book, People also provides integrated services with social media, such as Facebook and Twitter. The service was rebranded to its current name in 2012, introducing a new interface based on the Metro design language that had already been introduced with Outlook.com.


title: Outlook.com

text: Contacts are automatically updated in real-time, and the service allows for the removal of duplicated contact entries when imported with Profile. Users can also set limits on what parts of their contact details can be seen by others.


title: Outlook.com

text: To Do is task management component of Outlook.com introduced during the transition to the Office 365-based infrastructure.


title: Outlook.com

text: Outlook.com supports email clients connecting through the following protocols, listed in chronological order:


title: Outlook.com

text: Like many free webmail services, Hotmail was often used by spammers for illicit purposes such as junk or chain mailing and unwanted marketing, due to wide availability, service popularity, and ease of registration of new accounts. Hotmail amended its service agreement stating that any account engaging in these activities would be terminated without warning.


title: Outlook.com

text: The ability to associate Outlook.com accounts with mobile phones or other email addresses was initially advertised as an optional feature. However, an update in 2013 required many users to associate their accounts before the website would allow them to log in – a refusal which could be sidestepped by using an app, such as Windows Live Mail 2011 or 2012, to access the account instead of a web browser (and it remains possible to "associate" an account with a one-use, or otherwise 'disposable', e-mail address). Some users also saw messages that their accounts would expire if they continued to use them anonymously.


title: Outlook.com

text: According to "theguardian.com", several top-secret internal National Security Agency (NSA) newsletters indicate that Microsoft has allowed NSA to access chats and emails on Outlook.com, and implemented a bypass of its advertised encryption in order to facilitate government access.


title: Outlook.com

text: In response to the report, Microsoft stated, among other things, that "when we upgrade or update products we aren't absolved from the need to comply with existing or future lawful demands" and that "there are aspects of this debate that we wish we were able to discuss more freely".


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Donald McNichol Sutherland (born 17 July 1935) is a Canadian actor whose film career spans over six decades. He has been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards, winning two for his performances in the television films "Citizen X" (1995) and "Path to War" (2002); the former also earned him a Primetime Emmy Award. An inductee of the Hollywood Walk of Fame and Canadian Walk of Fame, he also received a Canadian Academy Award for the drama film "Threshold" (1981). Multiple film critics and media outlets have cited him as one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination. In 2017, he received an Academy Honorary Award for his contributions to cinema. In 2021, he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries for his work in the HBO miniseries "The Undoing" (2020).


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland rose to fame after starring in films including "The Dirty Dozen" (1967), "M*A*S*H" (1970), "Kelly's Heroes" (1970), "Klute" (1971), "Don't Look Now" (1973), "Fellini's Casanova" (1976), "1900" (1976), "The Eagle Has Landed" (1976), "Animal House" (1978), "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" (1978), "Ordinary People" (1980), and "Eye of the Needle" (1981). He later went on to star in many other films where he appeared either in leading or supporting roles such as "A Dry White Season" (1989), "JFK" (1991), "Outbreak" (1995), "A Time to Kill" (1996), "The Assignment" (1997), "Without Limits" (1998), "Space Cowboys" (2000), "Big Shot's Funeral" (2001), "The Italian Job" (2003), "Cold Mountain" (2003), "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), "Aurora Borealis" (2006), "The Mechanic" (2011) and "The Hunger Games" franchise (2012–2015).


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland was born 17 July 1935, in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of Dorothy Isobel (née McNichol; 1892–1956) and Frederick McLea Sutherland (1894–1983), who worked in sales and ran the local gas, electricity and bus company. He is of Scottish, German and English ancestry. As a child, he had rheumatic fever, hepatitis, and poliomyelitis. His teenage years were spent in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. He obtained his first part-time job, at the age of 14, as a news correspondent for local radio station CKBW.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland graduated from Bridgewater High School. He then studied at Victoria University, an affiliated college of the University of Toronto, where he met his first wife Lois May Hardwick (not to be confused with the child star of the same name Lois Ann Hardwick), and graduated with a double major in engineering and drama. He had at one point been a member of the "UC Follies" comedy troupe in Toronto. He changed his mind about becoming an engineer, and left Canada for Britain in 1957, studying at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: After departing the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), Sutherland spent a year and a half at the Perth Repertory Theatre in Scotland.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In the early to mid-1960s, Sutherland began to gain small roles in British films and TV (such as a hotel receptionist in "The Sentimental Agent" episode 'A Very Desirable Plot' (1963)). He was featured alongside Christopher Lee in horror films such as "Castle of the Living Dead" (1964) and "Dr. Terror's House of Horrors" (1965). He also had a supporting role in the Hammer Films production "Die! Die! My Darling!" (1965), with Tallulah Bankhead and Stefanie Powers. In the same year, he appeared in the Cold War classic "The Bedford Incident" and in the TV series "Gideon's Way", in the 1966 episode "The Millionaire's Daughter". In 1966, Sutherland appeared in the BBC TV play "Lee Oswald-Assassin," playing a friend of Lee Harvey Oswald, Charles Givens (even though Givens himself was an African American). He also appeared in the TV series "The Saint," in the 1965 episode "The Happy Suicide".


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In 1967, he appeared in "The Superlative Seven," an episode of "The Avengers." He also made a second, and more substantial appearance in "The Saint." The episode, "Escape Route," which was directed by the show's star, Roger Moore, who later recalled Sutherland "asked me if he could show it to some producers as he was up for an important role... they came to view a rough cut and he got "The Dirty Dozen."" The film, which starred Lee Marvin, Charles Bronson, and a number of other popular actors, was the 5th highest-grossing film of 1967 and MGM's highest-grossing movie of the year.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In 1968, after the breakthrough in the UK-filmed "The Dirty Dozen," Sutherland left London for Hollywood. He then appeared in two war films, playing the lead role as "Hawkeye" Pierce in Robert Altman's "MASH" in 1970; and, again in 1970, as hippie tank commander "Oddball" in "Kelly's Heroes."


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland starred with Gene Wilder in the 1970 comedy "Start the Revolution Without Me". During the filming of the Academy Award-winning detective thriller "Klute", Sutherland had an intimate relationship with co-star Jane Fonda. Sutherland and Fonda went on to co-produce and star together in the anti–Vietnam War documentary "F.T.A." (1972), consisting of a series of sketches performed outside army bases in the Pacific Rim and interviews with American troops who were then on active service. A follow up to their teaming up in "Klute", Sutherland and Fonda performed together in "Steelyard Blues" (1973), a "freewheeling, Age-of-Aquarius, romp-and-roll caper" from the writer David S. Ward.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland found himself as a leading man throughout the 1970s in films such as the Venice-based psychological horror film "Don't Look Now" (1973), co-starring Julie Christie, a role which saw him nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, the war film "The Eagle Has Landed" (1976), "Federico Fellini's Casanova" (1976) and the thriller "Eye of the Needle" (which was filmed on location on the Isle of Mull, West Scotland). His role as Corpse of Lt. Robert Schmied in the Maximilian Schell-directed German film "End of the Game" (1976) is listed in crazy credits, and as the health inspector in the science fiction/horror film "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" (1978) alongside Brooke Adams and Jeff Goldblum.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: He helped launch the internationally popular Canadian television series "Witness to Yesterday", with a performance as the Montreal doctor Norman Bethune, a physician and humanitarian, largely talking of Bethune's experiences in revolutionary China. Sutherland also had a role as pot-smoking Professor Dave Jennings in "National Lampoon's Animal House" in 1978, making himself known to younger fans as a result of the movie's popularity. When cast, he was offered either $40,000 up front or two percent of the movie's gross earnings. Thinking the movie would certainly not be a big success, he chose the upfront payment. The movie eventually grossed $141.6 million.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: He won acclaim for his performance in the Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci's 1976 epic film "1900" and as the conflicted father in the Academy Award-winning family drama "Ordinary People" (1980), alongside Mary Tyler Moore and Timothy Hutton. In 1981, he narrated "A War Story", an Anne Wheeler film. He played the role of physician-hero Norman Bethune in two biographical films in 1977 and 1990.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Some of Sutherland's better known roles in the 1980s and 1990s were in the South African apartheid drama "A Dry White Season" (1989), alongside Marlon Brando and Susan Sarandon; as a sadistic warden in "Lock Up" (1989) with Sylvester Stallone; as an incarcerated pyromaniac in the firefighter thriller "Backdraft" (1991) alongside Kurt Russell and Robert De Niro, as the humanitarian doctor-activist Norman Bethune in 1990's "", and as a snobbish New York City art dealer in "Six Degrees of Separation" (1993), with Stockard Channing and Will Smith.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In the 1991 Oliver Stone film "JFK", he played a mysterious Washington intelligence officer, reputed to have been L. Fletcher Prouty, who spoke of links to the military–industrial complex in the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy. He played psychiatrist and visionary Wilhelm Reich in the video for Kate Bush's 1985 single, "Cloudbusting".


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In 1992, he played the role of Merrick in the movie "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", with Kristy Swanson. In 1994, he played the head of a government agency hunting for aliens who take over people's bodies (a premise similar to "Invasion of the Body Snatchers") in the movie of Robert A. Heinlein's 1951 book "The Puppet Masters".


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In 1994, Sutherland played a software company's scheming CEO in Barry Levinson's drama "Disclosure" opposite Michael Douglas and Demi Moore, and in 1995 was cast as Maj. Gen. Donald McClintock in Wolfgang Petersen's "Outbreak". He was later cast in 1996 (for only the second time) with his son Kiefer in Joel Schumacher's "A Time to Kill".


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland played famous American Civil War General P.G.T. Beauregard in the 1999 film "The Hunley". He played an astronaut in "Space Cowboys" (2000), with co-stars Clint Eastwood, Tommy Lee Jones and James Garner. Sutherland was a model for Chris Claremont and John Byrne to create Donald Pierce, the Marvel Comics character whose last name comes from Sutherland's character in the 1970 film "M*A*S*H", Hawkeye Pierce.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In more recent years, Sutherland was known for his role as Reverend Monroe in the Civil War drama "Cold Mountain" (2003), in the drama thriller "Baltic Storm" (2003), in the remake of "The Italian Job" (2003), in the TV series "Commander in Chief" (2005–2006), in the movie "Fierce People" (2005) with Diane Lane and Anton Yelchin, and as Mr. Bennet in "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), starring alongside Keira Knightley. He also played a minor role in Mike Binder's "Reign Over Me" (2007).


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland starred as Tripp Darling in the prime time drama series "Dirty Sexy Money" for ABC. He played multi-millionaire Nigel Honeycut in the 2008 film "Fool's Gold". His distinctive voice has also been used in many radio and television commercials, including those for Delta Air Lines, Volvo automobiles, and Simply Orange orange juice.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland provided voice-overs and narration during the intro of the first semifinal of Eurovision Song Contest 2009, and the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, and was also one of the Olympic flag bearers. He was also narrator of CTV's "I Believe" television ads in the lead up to the Games. During the games, Sutherland attended some of the events. In 2010, he starred alongside an ensemble cast in a TV adaptation of Ken Follett's novel "The Pillars of the Earth".


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Beginning in 2012, Sutherland portrayed President Snow, the main antagonist of "The Hunger Games" film franchise, in "The Hunger Games" (2012), "" (2013), "" (2014), and "" (2015). His role was well received by fans and critics.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: On 26 March 2012, he was a guest on the "Opie and Anthony" radio show where he mentioned he had been offered the lead roles in "Deliverance" and "Straw Dogs", although turned down both offers because he did not want to appear in violent films at the time. The role in "Deliverance" went to Jon Voight and the role in "Straw Dogs" to Dustin Hoffman, and both films enjoyed critical and box office success. After declining these violent roles, he quipped: "and then I played a fascist in "1900" by Bernardo Bertolucci."


title: Donald Sutherland

text: The television program "Crossing Lines" premiered on 23 June 2013, on the US NBC network. Sutherland, who played the Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court named Michel Dorn, was one of only two actors to appear in all episodes across three seasons.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: In 2016, he was a member of the main competition jury of the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. On 6 September 2017, it was announced Sutherland, along with 3 other recipients, would receive an Honorary Oscar, from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, "for a lifetime of indelible characters, rendered with unwavering truthfulness." This was Sutherland's first Academy Award in six decades.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland plays the role of Mr. Harrigan in the 2022 Netflix film "Mr. Harrigan's Phone" written and directed by John Lee Hancock, based on the novella of the same name from the book "If It Bleeds" by Stephen King.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on 18 December 1978 and promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada in 2019. He was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000. He maintains a home in Georgeville, Quebec.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland has been married three times. His first marriage, to Lois May Hardwick, lasted from 1959 to 1966. His second marriage, which lasted from 1966 to 1970, was to Shirley Douglas, daughter of Canadian social democratic politician and the "father" of Canada's universal healthcare system, Tommy Douglas.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland married French Canadian actress Francine Racette in 1972, after meeting her on the set of the Canadian pioneer drama "Alien Thunder". They have three sons - Rossif Sutherland, Angus Redford Sutherland, and Roeg Sutherland - all of whom were named after directors Sutherland has worked with. Kiefer is named after American-born director and writer Warren Kiefer, who, under the assumed name of Lorenzo Sabatini, directed Sutherland in his first feature film, the Italian low-budget horror film "Il castello dei morti vivi" "(Castle of the Living Dead)"; Roeg is named after director Nicolas Roeg; Rossif is named after French director Frédéric Rossif; and Angus Redford has his middle name after Robert Redford.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Sutherland became a blogger for the American news website "The Huffington Post" during the 2008 United States presidential election campaign. In his blogs, he stated his support for Barack Obama.


title: Donald Sutherland

text: Documents declassified in 2017 show that Sutherland was on the National Security Agency watchlist between 1971 and 1973 at the request of the Central Intelligence Agency because of his anti-war activities.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club that plays its home matches in Stratford, East London. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, having moved from their former home, the Boleyn Ground, in 2016.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. They moved to the Boleyn Ground in 1904, which remained their home ground for more than a century. The team initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before joining the Football League in 1919. They were promoted to the top flight in 1923, when they were also losing finalists in the first FA Cup Final held at Wembley. In 1940, the club won the inaugural Football League War Cup.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: West Ham have been winners of the FA Cup three times (1964, 1975 and 1980) and runners-up twice (1923 and 2006). The club have reached two major European finals, winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1965 and finishing runners-up in the same competition in 1976. West Ham also won the Intertoto Cup in 1999. They are one of eight clubs never to have fallen below the second tier of English football, spending 63 of 95 league seasons in the top flight, up to and including the 2020–21 season. The club's highest league position to date came in 1985–86, when they achieved third place in the then First Division.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Three West Ham players were members of the 1966 World Cup final-winning England team: captain Bobby Moore and goalscorers Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Millwall, and the fixture has gained notoriety for frequent incidents of football hooliganism. West Ham adopted their claret and sky blue colour scheme in the early 1900s, with the most common iteration of a claret shirt and sky blue sleeves first emerging in 1904.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The earliest generally accepted incarnation of West Ham United was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks F.C., the works team of the largest and last surviving shipbuilder on the Thames, Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company, by foreman and local league referee Dave Taylor and owner Arnold Hills and was announced in the "Thames Ironworks Gazette" of June 1895. Thames Ironworks was based in Leamouth Wharf in Blackwall and Canning Town on both banks of the River Lea, where the Lea meets the Thames. Thames Ironworks built many ships and other structures, the most famous being . The last ship built there was the dreadnought in 1912 and the yard shut soon after.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The repair yard of the Castle Shipping Line was a very near neighbour and their work team, initially known as the Castle Swifts, would informally merge with the Thames Ironworks own team.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The team played on a strictly amateur basis for 1895 at least, with a team featuring a number of works employees. Thomas Freeman was a ships fireman and Walter Parks, a clerk. Johnny Stewart, Walter Tranter and James Lindsay were all boilermakers. Other employees included William Chapman, George Sage and Fred Chamberlain, as well as apprentice riveter Charlie Dove, who was to have a great influence on the club's future at a later date.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Thames Ironworks won the West Ham Charity Cup, contested by clubs in the West Ham locality, in 1895, then won the London League in 1897. They turned professional in 1898 upon entering the Southern League Second Division, and were promoted to the First Division at the first attempt. The following year they came second from bottom, but had established themselves as a fully fledged competitive team. They comfortably fended off the challenge of local rivals Fulham in a relegation play-off, 5–1 in late April 1900 and retained their First Division status.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The team initially played in full dark blue kits, as inspired by Mr. Hills, who had been an Oxford University "Blue," but changed the following season by adopting the sky blue shirts and white shorts combination worn from 1897 to 1899.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Following growing disputes over the running and financing of the club, in June 1900 Thames Ironworks F.C. was disbanded, then almost immediately relaunched as West Ham United F.C. — reflecting the West Ham, London district where they played — on 5 July 1900 with Syd King as their manager and future manager Charlie Paynter as his assistant. Because of the original "works team" roots and links (still represented upon the club badge), they are still known as "the Irons" or "the Hammers" amongst fans and the media.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: West Ham United joined the Western League for the 1901 season while also continuing to play in the Southern Division 1. In 1907, West Ham were crowned the Western League Division 1B Champions, and then defeated 1A champions Fulham 1–0 to become the Western League Overall Champions. The reborn club continued to play their games at the Memorial Grounds in Plaistow (funded by Arnold Hills) but moved to a pitch in the Upton Park area in the guise of the Boleyn Ground stadium in 1904. West Ham's first game in their new home was against fierce rivals Millwall (themselves an Ironworks team, albeit for a rival company) drawing a crowd of 10,000 and with West Ham running out 3–0 winners, and as the "Daily Mirror" wrote on 2 September 1904, "Favoured by the weather turning fine after heavy rains of the morning, West Ham United began their season most auspiciously yesterday evening; when they beat Millwall by 3 goals to 0 on their new enclosure at Upton Park."


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In 1919, still under King's leadership, West Ham gained entrance to the Football League Second Division, their first game being a 1–1 draw with Lincoln City, and were promoted to Division One in 1923, also making it to the first ever FA Cup Final to be held at the old Wembley stadium. Their opponents were Bolton Wanderers. This was also known as the White Horse Final, so named because an estimated 200,000 people came to see the match; spilling out on to the pitch, which had to be cleared prior to kick-off, by "Billie," a giant white horse (actually grey) being ridden by PC George Scorey. The Cup Final match itself ended 2–0 to Bolton. The team enjoyed mixed success in Division 1 but retained their status for ten years and reached the FA Cup semi-final in 1933.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In 1932, the club was relegated to Division Two and long term custodian Syd King was sacked after serving the club in the role of manager for 32 years, and as a player from 1899 to 1903. Following relegation, King had mental health problems. He appeared drunk at a board meeting and soon after committed suicide. He was replaced with his assistant manager Charlie Paynter, who himself had been with West Ham in a number of roles since 1897 and who went on to serve the team in this role until 1950 for a total of 480 games. The club spent most of the next 30 years in this division, first under Paynter and then later under the leadership of former player Ted Fenton.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Fenton succeeded in getting the club once again promoted to the top level of English football in 1958. With the considerable input of player Malcolm Allison, Fenton helped develop both the initial batch of future West Ham stars and West Ham's approach to the game.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Ron Greenwood was appointed as Fenton's successor in 1961 and soon led the club to two major trophies, winning the 1964 FA Cup Final. The team was led by the young Bobby Moore. West Ham also won the European Cup Winners' Cup. During the 1966 FIFA World Cup, key members of the tournament winners England were West Ham players, including the captain, Bobby Moore; Martin Peters (who scored in the final); and Geoff Hurst, who scored the first, and only, hat-trick in a men's World Cup final. All three players had come through the youth team at West Ham.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: There is a "Champions" statue in Barking Road, opposite The Boleyn Tavern, commemorating West Ham's "three sons" who helped win the 1966 World Cup: Bobby Moore, Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters. Also included on the statue is Everton's Ray Wilson.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: They also won the FA Cup in 1975 by defeating Fulham 2–0. The Fulham team had former England captains Alan Mullery and West Ham legend Bobby Moore.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: After a difficult start to the 1974–75 season, Greenwood moved himself "upstairs" to become general manager and, without informing the board, appointed his assistant John Lyall as team manager. The result was instant success – the team scored 20 goals in their first four games combined and won the FA Cup, becoming the last team to win the FA Cup with an all-English side when they beat Fulham 2–0 in the 1975 final. Lyall then guided West Ham to another European Cup Winners' Cup final in 1976, though the team lost the match 4–2 to Belgian side Anderlecht. Greenwood's tenure as general manager lasted less than three years, as he was appointed to manage England in the wake of Don Revie's resignation in 1977.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In 1978, West Ham were again relegated to Division Two, but Lyall was retained as manager and led the team to an FA Cup Final win against Arsenal in 1980, their last major honour. They reached the final by defeating Everton in the semi-final. The Hammers won 1–0, with a goal scored from a header by Trevor Brooking in the 13th minute. This is notable as no team outside the top division has won the trophy since. West Ham were promoted to Division One in 1981, and finished in the top ten of the first division for the next three seasons before achieving their highest-ever league finish of third in 1985–86; a group of players which came to be known as The Boys of 86. However, they suffered relegation again in 1989, which resulted in Lyall's sacking. He was awarded an "ex gratia" payment of £100,000 but left the club in what Lyall described as "upsetting" circumstances, meriting only 73 words in a terse acknowledgement of his service in the club programme. Lyall left West Ham after 34 years service.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: After Lyall, Lou Macari briefly led the team, though he resigned after less than a single season in order to clear his name of allegations of illegal betting while manager of Swindon Town.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: He was replaced by former player Billy Bonds. In Bonds' first full season, 1990–91, West Ham again secured promotion to Division One. Now back in the top flight, Bonds saw West Ham through one of their most controversial seasons. With the club planning to introduce a bond scheme, there was crowd unrest. West Ham finished last and were relegated back to Division Two after only one season. However, they rebounded strongly in 1992–93. With Trevor Morley and Clive Allen scoring 40 goals, they guaranteed themselves second place on the last day of the season with a 2–0 home win against Cambridge United, and with it promotion to the Premier League.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: With the team in the Premier League, there was a need to rebuild the team. Oxford United player Joey Beauchamp was recruited for a fee of £1.2 million. Shortly after arriving at the club, however, he became unhappy, citing homesickness from his native Oxford as the reason. Bonds in particular found this attitude hard to understand compared to his own committed, never-say-die approach; providing for Bonds' further evidence of the decay in the modern game and modern player. Fifty-eight days later, Beauchamp was signed by Swindon Town for a club-record combined fee of £800,000 which included defender Adrian Whitbread going in the opposite direction. Whitbread was valued at £750,000 in the deal.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Assistant manager Harry Redknapp was also now taking a bigger role in the transfer of players, with the club's approval. With rumours of his old club AFC Bournemouth being prepared to offer him a position, the West Ham board and their managing director, Peter Storrie, made a controversial move. The board were anxious not to lose Redknapp's services and offered Bonds a place away from the day-to-day affairs of the club—on the West Ham board. This would have allowed them to appoint Redknapp as manager. Bonds refused the post offered and walked away from the club. His accusations of deceit and manipulation by the board and by Redknapp have continued to cause ill-feeling. Peter Storrie claimed that they had handled the situation correctly, saying, "If Harry had gone to Bournemouth, there was a good chance Bill would have resigned anyway, so we were in a no-win situation. We're sad that Bill is going, and it's a big blow but it's time to move on and we have appointed a great manager."


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Redknapp's time at West Ham was notable for the turnover of players during his tenure and for the level of attractive football and success which had not been seen since the managership of John Lyall. Over 134 players passed through the club while he was manager, producing a net transfer fee deficit of £16 million, despite the £18 million sale of Rio Ferdinand to Leeds United. Some were notably successful, such as the signings of Stuart Pearce, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, John Hartson, Eyal Berkovic and Ian Wright. Meanwhile, some were expensive, international players who failed at West Ham, such as Florin Raducioiu; Davor Šuker, who earned as much in wages as the revenue gained from one entire stand and yet made only eight appearances; Christian Bassila, who cost £720,000 and played only 86 minutes of football; Titi Camara; Gary Charles, whose wages amounted to £4.4 million but made only three starts for the club; Rigobert Song; Paulo Futre; and Marco Boogers, a player often quoted as one of the biggest failures in the Premier League. His first season in charge saw West Ham fighting the threat of relegation until the last few weeks, while his third season would also see another relegation battle. Always willing to enter the transfer market, Redknapp bought in the winter transfer window John Hartson and Paul Kitson who added the impetus needed at the season's end.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In 1999, West Ham finished fifth, their highest position in the top flight since 1986. They also won the Intertoto Cup beating French club Metz to qualify for the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup. Things began to falter for Redknapp with the sale for £18 million to Leeds of Rio Ferdinand in November 2000. Redknapp used the transfer money poorly with purchases such as Ragnvald Soma, who cost £800,000 and played only seven league games, Camara, and Song. Redknapp felt he needed more funds with which to deal in the transfer market. Chairman Brown lost patience with Redknapp due to his demands for further transfer funds. In June 2001, called to a meeting with Brown expecting to discuss contracts, he was fired. His assistant Frank Lampard left too, making the sale of his son Frank Lampard Jr., inevitable; in the summer of 2001, he joined Chelsea for £11 million.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: With several names, such as former player Alan Curbishley, now linked with the job, Chairman Brown recruited from within the club, appointing reserve team coach Glenn Roeder as manager on 9 May 2001. He had already failed in management with Gillingham, where he lost 22 of the 35 games he managed, and Watford. His first big signings were the return of Don Hutchison for £5 million and Czech centre back Tomáš Řepka. Finishing seventh in his first season Roeder, in his office at Upton Park, suffered a blocked blood vessel in his brain. As Roeder needed medical help and recuperation, former stalwart Trevor Brooking stood in as caretaker manager. Despite not losing another game, the Hammers were relegated on the last day of the season at Birmingham City with a record for a relegated club of 42 points from a 38-game season. Ten seasons of top-tier football were over. Many top players including Joe Cole, Di Canio and Kanouté all left the club.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The next season, now in the second tier, Roeder resumed his stint as manager. Results were still poor, however, and after an away defeat to Rotherham United, he was sacked on 24 August 2003. Brooking again took over as caretaker. He lost only one game, a 2–0 away defeat to Gillingham and is known as "the best manager West Ham never had."


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Former Crystal Palace player and manager of Reading Alan Pardew was lined up to be the next bench boss. Reading and their chairman, John Madejski, however, were reluctant to let him leave. After serving a period of notice and gardening leave, and with West Ham paying Reading £380,000 in compensation, he was appointed manager on 18 October 2003, their tenth manager. Pardew set out to rebuild the side bringing in Nigel Reo-Coker, Marlon Harewood and Brian Deane. In his first season in charge, they made the playoff final only to lose to Crystal Palace. His signings of Bobby Zamora, Matthew Etherington and veterans Chris Powell and Teddy Sheringham saw West Ham finishing sixth and subsequently beat Preston North End 1–0 thanks to a Zamora goal in the 2005 playoff final, securing a return to the Premier League. After ensuring promotion, Pardew said, "It's a team effort. We defended well and we're back where we belong."


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On their return to the top division, West Ham finished in ninth place,<ref name="Final 2005/2006 English Premier Table"></ref> The highlight of the 2005–06 season, however, was reaching the FA Cup final and taking favourites Liverpool to a penalty shootout after a 3–3 draw. West Ham lost the shootout, but nonetheless gained entry to the following season's UEFA Cup as Liverpool had already qualified for the Champions League. In August 2006, West Ham completed a major coup on the last day of the transfer window after completing the signings of Carlos Tevez and Javier Mascherano. The club was eventually bought by an Icelandic consortium, led by Eggert Magnússon, in November 2006. Manager Alan Pardew was sacked after poor form during the season and was replaced by former Charlton Athletic manager Alan Curbishley.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The signings of Mascherano and Tevez were investigated by the Premier League, who were concerned that details of the transfers had been omitted from official records. The club was found guilty and fined £5.5 million in April 2007. However, West Ham avoided a points deduction which ultimately became critical in their avoidance of relegation at the end of the 2006–07 season. Following on from this event, Wigan Athletic chairman Dave Whelan, supported by other sides facing possible relegation, including Fulham and Sheffield United, threatened legal action. West Ham escaped relegation by winning seven of their last nine games, including a 1–0 win over Arsenal, and on the last day of the season defeated newly crowned League Champions Manchester United 1–0 with a goal by Tevez to finish 15th.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In the 2007–08 season, West Ham remained reasonably consistently in the top half of the league table, with Freddie Ljungberg in the team, despite a slew of injuries; new signing Craig Bellamy missed most of the campaign, while Kieron Dyer was out from August 2007. The last game of the season, at the Boleyn Ground, saw West Ham draw 2–2 against Aston Villa, ensuring a tenth-place finish three points ahead of rivals Tottenham Hotspur. It was a five-place improvement on the previous season, and most importantly West Ham were never under any realistic threat of relegation.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: After a row with the board over the sale of defenders Anton Ferdinand and George McCartney to Sunderland, manager Alan Curbishley resigned on 3 September 2008. His successor was former Chelsea striker Gianfranco Zola, who took over on 11 September 2008 to become the club's first non-British manager. In the 2008–09 season, West Ham finished ninth, a single place improvement.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In the 2009–10 season, West Ham started strongly with a 2–0 win over newly promoted Wolverhampton Wanderers with goals from Mark Noble and newly appointed captain Matthew Upson. A League Cup match against old rivals Millwall brought about violent riots outside the ground as well as pitch invasions and crowd trouble inside Upton Park.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In August 2009, the financial concerns of Icelandic owners parent companies left the current owners unable to provide any funds until a new owner was found. The club's shirt sponsor SBOBET provided the club with help to purchase a much needed striker, the Italian Alessandro Diamanti.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: West Ham had a poor season which involved a prolonged battle against relegation. They finally secured their survival with two games remaining by defeating Wigan 3–2. The club managed to take 35 points from 38 games, seven fewer than the total they had when relegated seven years prior.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On 11 May 2010, two days after the end of the 2009–10 season, West Ham announced the termination of Zola's contract with immediate effect. On 3 June 2010, Avram Grant signed a four-year deal to become the next manager of West Ham subject to a work permit. West Ham's form continued to be poor with the team seldom outside the relegation zone, placing Grant's future as manager under serious doubt. A 4–0 Football League Cup quarter-final win over Manchester United was an otherwise bright spot in a disappointing season. West Ham's form in the Premier League did not affect their form in the two domestic cups. The Hammers reached the semi-final of the League Cup before being eliminated by eventual winners Birmingham City as well as the quarter final of the FA cup before a 2–1 defeat at Stoke City.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On 15 May 2011, West Ham's relegation to the Championship was confirmed after a comeback from Wigan at the DW Stadium. With West Ham leading 0–2 at half-time through two Demba Ba goals, Wigan battled back to win 3–2 thanks to an added-time strike from Charles N'Zogbia. Following the loss, West Ham announced the sacking of manager Avram Grant just one season into his tenure. On 1 June 2011, Sam Allardyce was appointed as manager as Grant's replacement.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The club finished third in the 2011–12 Football League Championship with 86 points and took part in the play-offs. They beat Cardiff City in the play-off semi-final 5–0 on aggregate to reach the final against Blackpool at Wembley on 19 May 2012. Carlton Cole opened the scoring, and although Blackpool equalised early in the second half, Ricardo Vaz Tê scored the winner for West Ham in the 87th minute.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: West Ham, on their return to the Premier League, signed former players James Collins and George McCartney on permanent deals, as well as record signing Matt Jarvis and Andy Carroll on loan. They won their first game of the season, on 18 August 2012, 1–0 against Aston Villa thanks to a Kevin Nolan goal. The highlight of the first half of the season was a 3–1 home win against reigning European champions Chelsea on 1 December 2012 which saw them in eighth position and 12th at the end of the year. On 22 March 2013, West Ham secured a 99-year lease deal on the Olympic Stadium, with it planned to be used as their home ground from the 2016–17 season. Tenth place was secured at the end of the season with nine home wins and only three away from home. Only 11 away goals were scored, the lowest of the entire league.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: In 2013–14, West Ham finished 13th in the Premier League. They also reached the semi-finals of the League Cup before losing 9–0 on aggregate to eventual cup-winners Manchester City. A feature of the season were the criticisms of manager Sam Allardyce by supporters relating to his perceived negative playing tactics. West Ham finished 12th in the 2014–15 Premier League, one place higher than the previous season. Minutes after the last game of the season, on 24 May 2015, the club announced that Allardyce's contract would not be renewed and that they were seeking a new manager. By winning the Premier League Fair Play table for 2014–15, West Ham qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, entering at the first qualifying round.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On 9 June 2015, former West Ham player Slaven Bilić was appointed as manager on a three-year contract. In Bilić's fourth game in charge, the team won at Anfield for the first time in 52 years, beating Liverpool 0–3, with goals from Manuel Lanzini, Mark Noble and Diafra Sakho. At the end of the season, West Ham finished 7th in the Premier League. The team broke several records for the club in the Premier League era, including the highest number of points (62), the highest number of goals in a season (65), the fewest games lost in a season (8) and the lowest number of away defeats (5). The season also marked the last season where the team played at the Boleyn Ground, with them moving to the London Stadium from next season - ending their 112-year stay at the stadium.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Following Manchester United's win in the 2016 FA Cup Final, West Ham took their Europa League place and qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2016–17 edition. At the end of the tough first season at the London Stadium, the team finished 11th, along with having to deal with the departure of star man Dimitri Payet. However, the team suffered a poor start to the following season, taking only two wins in their opening 11 games. Following a 4–1 defeat to Liverpool at home and with the team threatened by relegation, Bilić was sacked on 6 November 2017. He was replaced by former Sunderland boss David Moyes on a contract till the end of the season. The team battled inconsistent form for the rest of the season but managed to avoid relegation and finish 13th. Moyes was not offered a new contract and left the club on the expiration of it on 16 May 2018.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On 22 May 2018, the club appointed former Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini as the new manager on a three-year deal contract. In his first season in charge, the Hammers finished 10th, once again suffering from inconsistent form. However, after a poor first half to the following season, Pellegrini was sacked in December 2019 with the team only one point above the relegation zone. His last game in charge was a 2–1 home loss to Leicester City. He was replaced by David Moyes, who returned for a second spell in charge a day later.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On 22 July 2020, the club secured their Premier League status for another season, following a 1–1 draw away to Manchester United. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, West Ham's ownership attracted criticism, including from club captain Mark Noble who publicly criticized the sale of academy graduate Grady Diangana. Despite losing the opening two games of the season, West Ham's form improved and by the end of November, the club sat in fifth place. The club would not drop out of a European spot for the rest of the season and went on to qualify for the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League group stages after finishing in 6th - exceeding many expectations. Moyes signed a new 3-year contract on 12 June 2021.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: On 26 August 2021, West Ham were drawn in group H in the Europa League, alongside Dinamo Zagreb, Genk and Rapid Wien. 2021 culminated with West Ham sitting fifth in the Premier League, having reached the fifth round of the EFL Cup and winning group H of the Europa League. West Ham won their first three games of 2022, temporarily elevating the club to fourth place in the Premier League. On 10 March 2022, West Ham lost 1–0 away to Sevilla in the Europa League round of 16, before a 2–0 win after extra time seven days later secured West Ham's place in a European quarter-final for the first time in 41 years. On 14 April 2022, following a 1–1 draw a week prior at the London Stadium, West Ham defeated French club Lyon 3–0 at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais to set up West Ham's first European semi-final since 1976. Playing the same opposition they met in their 1976 European Cup Winners' Cup semi-final, Eintracht Frankfurt, the "Hammers" were knocked out of the Europa League, following a 3–1 aggregate loss to the German side. At the end of the 2021–22 Premier League season, West Ham confirmed a second successive season of European football, qualifying for the UEFA Europa Conference League after finishing seventh. The season was also notable for being Mark Noble's final as a West Ham player, with the midfielder retiring from football after 18 years as a first team player at the club, making 550 appearances in all competitions, scoring 62 times. By finishing 7th in the 2021–22 Premier League, West Ham qualified for the 2022–23 Europa Conference League entering at the play-off stage.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The principal element of the badge is the crossed pair of rivet hammers, tools that were used in the shipbuilding industry. The Blackwall and Canning Town neighbourhoods surrounding the Thames Ironworks echoed to the sound of hammers; steam hammers, sledge hammers and rivet hammers.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Seven large mechanical steam hammers would punch small holes near the edges of the iron plates which would be joined to build the ships. The plates would be put in place and fixed together with rivets by teams of five, three inside the emerging vessel and two outside.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Inside the ship one member of the team would heat the rivets till they were white hot and, using "Iron Fingers" (blacksmith's tongs), throw them to a second person known as a 'catch-boy' or 'putter-in' who would pick the rivet up and place it the hole, also using tongs. The third person was known as the 'holder-on' and he would then smash the rivet home with a sixteen-pound sledge hammer and then use his sledgehammer to hold the rivet in place while the men on the other side flattened the other end of the rivet.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Outside the ship, exposed to the elements, two men with rivet hammers – one right-handed, one left-handed – would hammer the protruding and still glowing rivet flat, so securing one of the many points necessary to link each of the ship's large plates.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The crossed hammers were also incorporated into the coat of arms of the County Borough of West Ham and those of its successor, the modern London Borough of Newham. The Thames Ironworks lay partly within what is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, however the blacksmiths tongs in that Borough's coat of arms represent the local saint, Dunstan, the patron saint of Stepney and metalworkers, rather than the Ironworks.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: A yellow or white tower was added, intermittently, from the 1950s onwards. The primary reason for this seems to be to represent "Anne Boleyn’s Tower", the most notable feature of Green Street House, an originally Tudor group of buildings which stood next to the Boleyn Ground until demolished in 1955. Green Street House was also known as "Boleyn Castle" through an association with Anne Boleyn. The manor was reputedly one of the sites at which Henry VIII courted his second queen, though there is no documentary evidence to support the tradition.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: There are a number of other factors which may have influenced the inclusion of the stylised castle feature, for instance:


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: A shield has been used in many iterations of the club badge, and the shape of the 2016 version matches the cross-section on the hull of HMS Warrior, the most famous ship built by the Thames Ironworks. However examining draughtsman's diagrams of the ship casts doubt on the resemblance between the shield and the ship.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The crest was redesigned and updated in the late 1990s, featuring a wider yellow castle with fewer cruciform "windows" along with the peaked roofs being removed; the tops of the towers had previously made the castle appear more akin to Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty's Castle than a functioning fortress. The designer also altered other details to give a more substantial feel to the iconography.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: When the club rebuilt the west stand of the Boleyn Ground (construction finished 2001–02) the "castle" from the redesigned badge was incorporated into the structure at the main entrance to the ground. A pair of towers were prominent features of the ground's appearance, both bearing large club badges.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: A new badge was introduced following the end of the 2015–16 season, when the club moved into the Olympic Stadium. It removes the Boleyn Castle due to the club moving away, leaving just the crossed hammers, which the club says is inspired by the crest before and during the career of Bobby Moore. The word "London" was introduced below to "establish the club firmly on the international stage", and the more minimalist approach is to give a "strong statement that is instantly West Ham United". The shape of the crest is that of the hull of , the first ironclad warship in the Royal Navy, which was built by Thames Ironworks.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The original colours of the team were dark blue, due to Thames Ironworks chairman Arnold Hills being a former student of Oxford University (see Oxford blue). However, the team used a variety of kits including the claret and sky blue house colours of Thames Ironworks, as well as sky blue or white kit.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: One story suggests that Thames Ironworks right-half Charlie Dove received the Aston Villa kit from William Belton, who was a professional sprinter of national repute, as well as being involved with the coaching at Thames Ironworks. Belton had been at a fair in Birmingham, close to Villa Park, the home ground of Aston Villa and was challenged to a race against four Villa players, who wagered money that one of them would win. Belton defeated them and, when they were unable to pay the bet, one of the Villa players who was responsible for washing the team's kit offered a complete team's "football kits" to Belton in payment. The Aston Villa player subsequently reported to his club that the kit was "missing." This, however, is often disputed.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: Thames Ironworks, and later West Ham United, retained the claret yoke/blue sleeves design, but also continued to use their previously favoured colours for their away kits.


title: West Ham United F.C.

text: The team's supporters are famous for their rendition of the chorus of their team's anthem, "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" introduced to the club by former manager Charlie Paynter in the late 1920s. A Pears soap commercial featuring the curly haired child in the Millais' "Bubbles" was well known at the time. The child resembled a player, Billy J. "Bubbles" Murray, from local schoolboy team, Park School, where the headmaster was Cornelius Beal. Beal was known locally for his music and rhyme and wrote special words to the tune of "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" whenever any player was having a good game.