title: Baahubali: The Beginning

text: "The Beginning" opened to 100 percent occupancy in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and close to 70 percent occupancy in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. It grossed around on its first day of release in India from all four versions (Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi). The Hindi version earned around nett which was the highest opening for any film dubbed into Hindi. "Baahubali" grossed on the first day in India. The Hindi version grossed around nett in the first weekend.


title: Baahubali: The Beginning

text: The Telugu version alone earned around nett in first weekend in India. The film, from all its versions, earned almost nett in its first weekend. It had the biggest opening weekend ever in India. The Hindi version collected around nett in its first week. "Baahubali: The Beginning" grossed more than nett from all its versions in India in the first week. It added a further nett in its second weekend to take its total to around nett in ten days. The Hindi version grossed over nett in the Mumbai circuit.


title: Baahubali: The Beginning

text: The film collected around in its first day from the international markets. The film opened on the ninth spot for its weekend, collecting around US$3.5 million with a per-screen average of $15,148. The film debuted in the ninth position for the US and Canadian box office collecting $4,630,000 for three days and $3,250,000 for the weekend of 10–12 July 2015. "Baahubali: The Beginning" grossed £66,659 from its Telugu version in United Kingdom and Ireland and A$194,405 from its Tamil version in Australia in until its second weekend (17 – 19 July 2015). The film also grossed MYR 663,869 in Malaysia from its Tamil version. The film grossed on its opening weekend in China. It has grossed a total of (77.8 million) in the country. The film totally earned $10.94 million at the overseas box office.


title: Baahubali: The Beginning

text: At the 63rd National Film Awards, "Baahubali: The Beginning" won the Best Feature Film, becoming the first Telugu film to win the award, and Best Special Effects. At the 63rd Filmfare Awards South, the Telugu version won five awards from ten nominations, including Best Film, Best Director for Rajamouli and Best Supporting Actress for Ramya Krishna respectively. Both the Tamil and Telugu versions won several awards in their respective categories, including Best Film, Best Director for Rajamouli, and Best Supporting Actress for Ramya Krishna at the 1st IIFA Utsavam. "Baahubali: The Beginning" became the first Indian film to be nominated for Saturn Awards, receiving five nominations at the 42nd ceremony, including Best Fantasy Film and Best Supporting Actress for Tamannaah.


title: Baahubali: The Beginning

text: "Baahubali: The Beginning" is one of the films featured in BBC's documentary on 100 Years of Indian Cinema directed by Sanjeev Bhaskar. The second part, entitled "Baahubali 2: The Conclusion" was released worldwide on 28 April 2017. Post the success of the film, a film movement was started, i.e. Pan-India films.


title: Baahubali: The Beginning

text: In 2017, "Kattappava Kanom" (), which was named after the character of Kattappa from the film, was released. In 2018, Netflix announced that they had ordered a web television prequel series called "". Sathyaraj is referred to as Kattappa in a scene from "Kanaa" (2018).


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (; born 19 June 1947) is an Indian-born British-American novelist. His work often combines magic realism with historical fiction and primarily deals with connections, disruptions, and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations, typically set on the Indian subcontinent.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie's second novel, "Midnight's Children" (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two occasions, marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: After his fourth novel, "The Satanic Verses" (1988), Rushdie became the subject of several assassination attempts and death threats, including a "fatwa" calling for his death issued by Ruhollah Khomeini, the supreme leader of Iran. Numerous killings and bombings have been carried out by extremists who cite the book as motivation, sparking a debate about censorship and religiously motivated violence. On 12 August 2022, a man stabbed Rushdie after rushing onto the stage where the novelist was scheduled to deliver a lecture at an event in Chautauqua, New York.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 1983, Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He was appointed a of France in 1999. Rushdie was knighted in 2007 for his services to literature. In 2008, "The Times" ranked him 13th on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945. Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States. He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015. Earlier, he taught at Emory University. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2012, he published "", an account of his life in the wake of the events following "The Satanic Verses".


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Ahmed Salman Rushdie was born in Bombay on 19 June 1947 during the British Raj, into a Kashmiri Muslim family. He is the son of Anis Ahmed Rushdie, a Cambridge-educated lawyer-turned-businessman, and Negin Bhatt, a teacher. Rushdie's father was dismissed from the Indian Civil Services (ICS) after it emerged that the birth certificate submitted by him had changes to make him appear younger than he was. Rushdie has three sisters. He wrote in his 2012 memoir that his father adopted the name Rushdie in honour of Averroes (Ibn Rushd).


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie grew up in Bombay and was educated at the Cathedral and John Connon School in Fort, South Bombay, before moving to England to attend Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, and then King's College, Cambridge, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie has married and divorced four times, and has had at least one other significant relationship. He was first married to Clarissa Luard, literature officer of the Arts Council of England, from 1976 to 1987. The couple had a son born in 1979, who is married to the London-based jazz singer Natalie Rushdie. He left Clarissa Luard in the mid-1980s for the Australian writer Robyn Davidson, to whom he was introduced by their common friend Bruce Chatwin. Rushdie and Davidson never married, and they had split up by the time his divorce from Clarissa came through in 1987. Rushdie's second wife was the American novelist Marianne Wiggins; they were married in 1988 and divorced in 1993. His third wife, from 1997 to 2004, was British editor and author Elizabeth West; they have a son, born in 1997. In 2004, very shortly after his third divorce, Rushdie married Padma Lakshmi, an Indian-born actress, model, and host of the American reality-television show "Top Chef". Rushdie stated that Lakshmi had asked for a divorce in January 2007, and later that year, in July, the couple filed it.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 1999, Rushdie had an operation to correct ptosis, a problem with the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that causes drooping of the upper eyelid. According to Rushdie, it made it increasingly difficult for him to open his eyes. "If I hadn't had an operation, in a couple of years from now I wouldn't have been able to open my eyes at all", he said.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States, mostly near Union Square in Lower Manhattan, New York City. He is a fan of the English football club Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie worked as a copywriter for the advertising agency Ogilvy & Mather, where he came up with "irresistibubble" for Aero and "Naughty but Nice" for cream cakes, and for the agency Ayer Barker (until 1982), for whom he wrote the line "That'll do nicely" for American Express. Collaborating with musician Ronnie Bond, Rushdie wrote the words for an advertising record on behalf of the now defunct Burnley Building Society that was recorded at Good Earth Studios, London. The song was called "The Best Dreams" and was sung by George Chandler. It was while at Ogilvy that Rushdie wrote "Midnight's Children", before becoming a full-time writer.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie's first novel, "Grimus" (1975), a part-science fiction tale, was generally ignored by the public and literary critics. His next novel, "Midnight's Children" (1981), catapulted him to literary notability. This work won the 1981 Booker Prize and, in 1993 and 2008, was awarded the Best of the Bookers as the best novel to have received the prize during its first 25 and 40 years. "Midnight's Children" follows the life of a child, born at the stroke of midnight as India gained its independence, who is endowed with special powers and a connection to other children born at the dawn of a new and tumultuous age in the history of the Indian sub-continent and the birth of the modern nation of India. The character of Saleem Sinai has been compared to Rushdie. However, the author refuted the idea of having written any of his characters as autobiographical, stating, "People assume that because certain things in the character are drawn from your own experience, it just becomes you. In that sense, I've never felt that I've written an autobiographical character."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: After "Midnight's Children", Rushdie wrote "Shame" (1983), in which he depicts the political turmoil in Pakistan, basing his characters on Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. "Shame" won France's "Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger" (Best Foreign Book) and was a close runner-up for the Booker Prize. Both these works of postcolonial literature are characterised by a style of magic realism and the immigrant outlook that Rushdie is very conscious of as a member of the Kashmiri diaspora.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie wrote a non-fiction book about Nicaragua in 1987 called "The Jaguar Smile". This book has a political focus and is based on his first-hand experiences and research at the scene of Sandinista political experiments. He became interested in Nicaragua after he had been a neighbour of Madame Somoza, wife of the former Nicaraguan dictator, and his son Zafar was born around the time of the Nicaraguan revolution.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: His most controversial work, "The Satanic Verses", was published in 1988 (see section below). It was followed by "Haroun and the Sea of Stories" in 1990. Written in the shadow of a fatwa, it is about the dangers of story-telling and an allegorical defence of the power of stories over silence.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In addition to books, Rushdie has published many short stories, including those collected in "East, West" (1994). "The Moor's Last Sigh", a family epic ranging over some 100 years of India's history was published in 1995. "The Ground Beneath Her Feet" (1999) is a remaking of the myth of Orpheus that presents an alternative history of modern rock music. The song of the same name by U2 is one of many song lyrics included in the book; hence Rushdie is credited as the lyricist.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Following the novel "Fury", set mainly in New York and avoiding the previous sprawling narrative style that spans generations, periods and places, Rushdie's 2005 novel "Shalimar the Clown", a story about love and betrayal set in Kashmir and Los Angeles, was hailed as a return to form by a number of critics.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In his 2002 non-fiction collection "Step Across This Line", he professes his admiration for the Italian writer Italo Calvino and the American writer Thomas Pynchon, among others. His early influences included Jorge Luis Borges, Mikhail Bulgakov, Lewis Carroll, Günter Grass and James Joyce. Rushdie was a personal friend of Angela Carter's and praised her highly in the foreword of her collection "Burning your Boats".


title: Salman Rushdie

text: 2008 saw the publication of "The Enchantress of Florence", one of Rushdie's most challenging works that focuses on the past. It tells the story of a European's visit to Akbar's court, and his revelation that he is a lost relative of the Mughal emperor. The novel was praised in a review in "The Guardian" as a "sumptuous mixture of history with fable".


title: Salman Rushdie

text: His novel "Luka and the Fire of Life", a sequel to "Haroun and the Sea of Stories", was published in November 2010 to critical acclaim. Earlier that year, he announced that he was writing his memoirs, entitled "", which was published in September 2012.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 2012, Rushdie became one of the first major authors to embrace Booktrack (a company that synchronises ebooks with customised soundtracks), when he published his short story "In the South" on the platform.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: 2015 saw the publication of Rushdie's novel "Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights", a shift back to his old beloved style of magic realism. This novel is designed in the structure of a Chinese mystery box with different layers. Based on the central conflict of scholar Ibn Rushd (from whom Rushdie's family name derives), Rushdie goes on to explore several themes of transnationalism and cosmopolitanism by depicting a war of the universe which a supernatural world of jinns also accompanies.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 2017, "The Golden House", a satirical novel set in contemporary America, was published. 2019 saw the publication of Rushdie's fourteenth novel "Quichotte", inspired by Miguel de Cervantes' classic novel "Don Quixote".


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 2021 "Languages of Truth", a collection of essays written between 2003 and 2020 was published. Rushdie's fifteenth novel "Victory City", described as an epic tale of a woman who breathes a fantastical empire into existence, will be published in February 2023.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie has had a string of commercially successful and critically acclaimed novels. His works have been shortlisted for the Booker Prize five times, in 1981 for "Midnight's Children", 1983 for "Shame", 1988 for "The Satanic Verses", 1995 for "The Moor's Last Sigh", and in 2019 for "Quichotte". In 1981, he was awarded the prize. His 2005 novel "Shalimar the Clown" received the prestigious Hutch Crossword Book Award, and, in the UK, was a finalist for the Whitbread Book Awards. It was shortlisted for the 2007 International Dublin Literary Award. Rushdie's works have spawned 30 book-length studies and over 700 articles on his writing. He is frequently mentioned a favourite to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie has mentored younger Indian (and ethnic-Indian) writers, influenced an entire generation of Indo-Anglian writers, and is an influential writer in postcolonial literature in general. He opposed the British government's introduction of the "Racial and Religious Hatred Act", something he writes about in his contribution to "Free Expression Is No Offence", a collection of essays by several writers, published by Penguin in November 2005.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie was the President of PEN American Center from 2004 to 2006 and founder of the PEN World Voices Festival. In 2007, he began a five-year term as Distinguished Writer in Residence at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, where he has also deposited his archives. In May 2008, he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2014, he taught a seminar on British Literature and served as the 2015 keynote speaker In September 2015, he joined the New York University Journalism Faculty as a Distinguished Writer in Residence.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie is a member of the advisory board of The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organisation that provides daily meals to students of township schools in Soweto of South Africa. He is a member of the advisory board of the Secular Coalition for America, an advocacy group representing the interests of atheistic and humanistic Americans in Washington, D.C., and a patron of Humanists UK (formerly the British Humanist Association). He is a laureate of the International Academy of Humanism. In November 2010 he became a founding patron of Ralston College, a new liberal arts college that has adopted as its motto a Latin translation of a phrase ("free speech is life itself") from an address he gave at Columbia University in 1991 to mark the two-hundredth anniversary of the first amendment to the US Constitution.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Though he enjoys writing, Rushdie says he would have become an actor if his writing career had not been successful. From early childhood, he dreamed of appearing in Hollywood movies (which he later realised in his frequent cameo appearances).


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie includes fictional television and movie characters in some of his writings. He had a cameo appearance in the film "Bridget Jones's Diary" based on the book of the same name, which is itself full of literary in-jokes. On 12 May 2006, Rushdie was a guest host on "The Charlie Rose Show", where he interviewed Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta, whose 2005 film, "Water", faced violent protests. He appears in the role of Helen Hunt's obstetrician-gynecologist in the film adaptation (Hunt's directorial debut) of Elinor Lipman's novel "Then She Found Me". In September 2008, and again in March 2009, he appeared as a panellist on the HBO programme "Real Time with Bill Maher". Rushdie has said that he was approached for a cameo in "Talladega Nights": "They had this idea, just one shot in which three very, very unlikely people were seen as NASCAR drivers. And I think they approached Julian Schnabel, Lou Reed, and me. We were all supposed to be wearing the uniforms and the helmet, walking in slow motion with the heat haze." In the end their schedules did not allow for it.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 2009, Rushdie signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie collaborated on the screenplay for the cinematic adaptation of his novel "Midnight's Children" with director Deepa Mehta. The film was also called "Midnight's Children". Seema Biswas, Shabana Azmi, Nandita Das, and Irrfan Khan participated in the film. Production began in September 2010; the film was released in 2012.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie announced in June 2011 that he had written the first draft of a script for a new television series for the US cable network Showtime, a project on which he will also serve as an executive producer. The new series, to be called "The Next People", will be, according to Rushdie, "a sort of paranoid science-fiction series, people disappearing and being replaced by other people." The idea of a television series was suggested by his US agents, said Rushdie, who felt that television would allow him more creative control than feature film. "The Next People" is being made by the British film production company Working Title, the firm behind projects including "Four Weddings and a Funeral" and "Shaun of the Dead".


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 2017, Rushdie appeared as himself in episode 3 of season 9 of "Curb Your Enthusiasm", sharing scenes with Larry David to offer advice on how Larry should deal with the "fatwa" that has been ordered against him.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: The publication of "The Satanic Verses" by Viking Penguin in September 1988 caused immediate controversy in the Islamic world because of what was seen by some to be an irreverent depiction of Muhammad. The title refers to a disputed Muslim tradition that is related in the book. According to this tradition, Muhammad (Mahound in the book) added verses ("Ayah") to the Qur'an accepting three Arabian pagan goddesses who used to be worshipped in Mecca as divine beings. According to the legend, Muhammad later revoked the verses, saying the devil tempted him to utter these lines to appease the Meccans (hence the "Satanic" verses). However, the narrator reveals to the reader that these disputed verses were actually from the mouth of the Archangel Gabriel. The book was banned in many countries with large Muslim communities (13 in total: Iran, India, Bangladesh, Sudan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Thailand, Tanzania, Indonesia, Singapore, Venezuela, and Pakistan).


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In response to the protests, on 22 January 1989, Rushdie published a column in "The Observer" that called Muhammad "one of the great geniuses of world history," but noted that Islamic doctrine holds Muhammad to be human, and in no way perfect. He held that the novel is not "an anti-religious novel. It is, however, an attempt to write about migration, its stresses and transformations."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: On 14 February 1989—Valentine's Day, and also the day of his close friend Bruce Chatwin's funeral—a "fatwā" ordering Rushdie's execution was proclaimed on Radio Tehran by Ayatollah Khomeini, the Supreme leader of Iran at the time, calling the book "blasphemous against Islam". Chapter IV of the book depicts the character of an Imam in exile who returns to incite revolt from the people of his country with no regard for their safety. According to Khomeini's son, his father never read the book. A bounty was offered for Rushdie's death, and he was thus forced to live under police protection for several years. On 7 March 1989, the United Kingdom and Iran broke diplomatic relations over the Rushdie controversy.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: When, on BBC Radio 4, he was asked for a response to the threat, Rushdie said, "Frankly, I wish I had written a more critical book," and "I'm very sad that it should have happened. It's not true that this book is a blasphemy against Islam. I doubt very much that Khomeini or anyone else in Iran has read the book or more than selected extracts out of context." Later, he wrote that he was "proud, then and always", of that statement; while he did not feel his book was especially critical of Islam, "a religion whose leaders behaved in this way could probably use a little criticism."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: The publication of the book and the "fatwā" sparked violence around the world, with bookstores firebombed. Muslim communities in several nations in the West held public rallies, burning copies of the book. Several people associated with translating or publishing the book were attacked, seriously injured, and even killed. Many more people died in riots in some countries. Despite the danger posed by the fatwā, Rushdie made a public appearance at London's Wembley Stadium on 11 August 1993, during a concert by U2. In 2010, U2 bassist Adam Clayton recalled that "lead vocalist Bono had been calling Salman Rushdie from the stage every night on the Zoo TV tour. When we played Wembley, Salman showed up in person and the stadium erupted. You [could] tell from [drummer] Larry Mullen, Jr.'s face that we weren't expecting it. Salman was a regular visitor after that. He had a backstage pass and he used it as often as possible. For a man who was supposed to be in hiding, it was remarkably easy to see him around the place."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: On 24 September 1998, as a precondition to the restoration of diplomatic relations with the UK, the Iranian government, then headed by Mohammad Khatami, gave a public commitment that it would "neither support nor hinder assassination operations on Rushdie."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Hardliners in Iran have continued to reaffirm the death sentence. In early 2005, Khomeini's "fatwā" was reaffirmed by Iran's current spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, in a message to Muslim pilgrims making the annual pilgrimage to Mecca. Additionally, the Revolutionary Guards declared that the death sentence on him is still valid.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie has reported that he still receives a "sort of Valentine's card" from Iran each year on 14 February letting him know the country has not forgotten the vow to kill him and has jokingly referred it as "my unfunny Valentine" in a reference to the song "My Funny Valentine". He said, "It's reached the point where it's a piece of rhetoric rather than a real threat." Despite the threats on Rushdie personally, he said that his family has never been threatened, and that his mother, who lived in Pakistan during the later years of her life, even received outpourings of support. Rushdie himself has been prevented from entering Pakistan, however.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: A former bodyguard to Rushdie, Ron Evans, planned to publish a book recounting the behaviour of the author during the time he was in hiding. Evans said Rushdie tried to profit financially from the "fatwa" and was suicidal, but Rushdie dismissed the book as a "bunch of lies" and took legal action against Evans, his co-author and their publisher. On 26 August 2008, Rushdie received an apology at the High Court in London from all three parties. A memoir of his years of hiding, "Joseph Anton", was released on 18 September 2012. Joseph Anton was Rushdie's secret alias.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In February 1997, Ayatollah Hasan Sane'i, leader of the "bonyad panzdah-e khordad" (Fifteenth of Khordad Foundation),


title: Salman Rushdie

text: reported that the blood money offered by the foundation for the assassination of Rushdie would be increased from $2 million to $2.5 million. Then a semi-official religious foundation in Iran increased the reward it had offered for the killing of Rushdie from $2.8 million to $3.3 million.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In November 2015, former Indian minister P. Chidambaram acknowledged that banning "The Satanic Verses" was wrong. In 1998, Iran's former president Mohammad Khatami proclaimed the fatwa "finished"; but it has never been officially lifted, and in fact has been reiterated several times by Ali Khamenei and other religious officials. Yet more money was added to the bounty in February 2016.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: On 3 August 1989, while Mustafa Mahmoud Mazeh was priming a book bomb loaded with RDX explosives in a hotel in Paddington, Central London, the bomb exploded prematurely, destroying two floors of the hotel and killing Mazeh. A previously unknown Lebanese group, the Organization of the Mujahidin of Islam, said he died preparing an attack "on the apostate Rushdie". There is a shrine in Tehran's Behesht-e Zahra cemetery for Mustafa Mahmoud Mazeh that says he was "Martyred in London, 3 August 1989. The first martyr to die on a mission to kill Salman Rushdie." Mazeh's mother was invited to relocate to Iran, and the Islamic World Movement of Martyrs' Commemoration built his shrine in the cemetery that holds thousands of Iranian soldiers slain in the Iran–Iraq War.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: During the 2006 "Jyllands-Posten" Muhammad cartoons controversy, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah declared that "If there had been a Muslim to carry out Imam Khomeini's "fatwā" against the renegade Salman Rushdie, this rabble who insult our Prophet Mohammed in Denmark, Norway and France would not have dared to do so. I am sure there are millions of Muslims who are ready to give their lives to defend our prophet's honour and we have to be ready to do anything for that."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 1990, soon after the publication of "The Satanic Verses", a Pakistani film entitled "International Gorillay" ("International Guerillas") was released that depicted Rushdie as a "James Bond-style villain" plotting to cause the downfall of Pakistan by opening a chain of casinos and discos in the country; he is ultimately killed at the end of the movie. The film was popular with Pakistani audiences, and it "presents Rushdie as a Rambo-like figure pursued by four Pakistani guerrillas". The British Board of Film Classification refused to allow it a certificate, as "it was felt that the portrayal of Rushdie might qualify as criminal libel, causing a breach of the peace as opposed to merely tarnishing his reputation." This effectively prevented the release of the film in the UK. Two months later, however, Rushdie himself wrote to the board, saying that while he thought the film "a distorted, incompetent piece of trash", he would not sue if it were released. He later said, "If that film had been banned, it would have become the hottest video in town: everyone would have seen it". While the film was a great hit in Pakistan, it went virtually unnoticed elsewhere.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: In 2010, Anwar al-Awlaki published an Al-Qaeda hit list in "Inspire" magazine, including Rushdie along with other figures claimed to have insulted Islam, including Ayaan Hirsi Ali, cartoonist Lars Vilks, and three "Jyllands-Posten" staff members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose. The list was later expanded to include Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier, who was murdered in a terror attack on "Charlie Hebdo" in Paris, along with 11 other people. After the attack, Al-Qaeda called for more killings.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie expressed his support for "Charlie Hebdo". He said, "I stand with "Charlie Hebdo", as we all must, to defend the art of satire, which has always been a force for liberty and against tyranny, dishonesty and stupidity ... religious totalitarianism has caused a deadly mutation in the heart of Islam and we see the tragic consequences in Paris today." In response to the attack, Rushdie commented on what he perceived as victim-blaming in the media, stating: "You can dislike "Charlie Hebdo"... But the fact that you dislike them has nothing to do with their right to speak. The fact you dislike them certainly doesn't in any way excuse their murder."


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Rushdie was due to appear at the Jaipur Literature Festival in January 2012 in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. However, he later cancelled his event appearance, and a further tour of India at the time, citing a possible threat to his life as the primary reason. Several days after, he indicated that state police agencies had lied, in order to keep him away, when they informed him that paid assassins were being sent to Jaipur to kill him. Police contended that they were afraid Rushdie would read from the banned "The Satanic Verses", and that the threat was real, considering imminent protests by Muslim organizations.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Meanwhile, Indian authors Ruchir Joshi, Jeet Thayil, Hari Kunzru and Amitava Kumar abruptly left the festival, and Jaipur, after reading excerpts from Rushdie's banned novel at the festival. The four were urged to leave by organizers as there was a real possibility they would be arrested.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: A proposed video link session between Rushdie and the Jaipur Literature Festival was also cancelled at the last minute after the government pressured the festival to stop it. Rushdie returned to India to address a conference in New Delhi on 16 March 2012.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: On 12 August 2022, while about to start a lecture at the Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York, Rushdie was attacked by a man who rushed onto the stage and stabbed him repeatedly, including in the neck and abdomen. The attacker was pulled away before being taken into custody by a state trooper; Rushdie was airlifted to UPMC Hamot, a tertiary trauma centre in Erie, Pennsylvania, where he underwent surgery before being put on a ventilator. Security measures at UPMC Hamot were increased due to the potential threat of further attempts on his life. This included 24 hour protection with a security officer outside his room and searches being performed upon entry into the hospital. The suspect was identified as 24-year-old Hadi Matar of Fairview, New Jersey. Later in the day, Rushdie's agent, Andrew Wylie, confirmed that Rushdie had received stab injuries to the liver and hand, and that he might lose an eye. A day later, Rushdie was taken off the ventilator and was able to speak, according to his agent, Wylie.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: On 23 October 2022, Wylie reported that Rushdie had lost sight in one eye and the use of one hand but survived the murder attempt.


title: Salman Rushdie

text: Salman Rushdie has received many plaudits for his writings, including the European Union's Aristeion Prize for Literature, the Premio Grinzane Cavour (Italy), and the Writer of the Year Award in Germany, and many of literature's highest honours.


title: Great Reset

text: The Great Reset Initiative is an economic recovery plan drawn up by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The project was launched in June 2020, with a video featuring the then Prince of Wales Charles released to mark its launch. The initiative's stated aim is to facilitate rebuilding from the global COVID-19 crisis in a way which prioritises sustainable development.


title: Great Reset

text: WEF chief executive officer Klaus Schwab described three core components of the Great Reset: creating conditions for a "stakeholder economy"; building in a more "resilient, equitable, and sustainable" way, utilising environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics; and "harness[ing] the innovations of the Fourth Industrial Revolution." In her speech opening the dialogues, International Monetary Fund director Kristalina Georgieva listed three key aspects of a sustainable response to COVID-19: green growth, smarter growth, and fairer growth.


title: Great Reset

text: "The Great Reset" was to be the theme of the 2021 World Economic Forum annual summit in Davos, Switzerland, scheduled for January 2021. Due to disruption from COVID-19, the summit was postponed to May 2021, and again to 2022. The Davos 2022 theme was "History at a Turning Point", and the summit was dominated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Great Reset

text: The Great Reset Initiative, and the World Economic Forum more generally, have been criticised by some commentators for promoting economic deregulation and a greater role in policy for unrepresentative private businesses, particularly large multinational corporations, at the expense of government institutions. Other commentators held that the Great Reset, if achieved, would lead to an ultra-conservative, "neo-medieval world health" order or crony capitalism.


title: Great Reset

text: The initiative triggered a range of diverse conspiracy theories spread by the American far-right and conservative commentators on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Such theories include baseless claims that the COVID-19 pandemic was created by a secret group in order to seize control of the global economy, that lockdown restrictions were deliberately designed to induce economic meltdown, or that a global elite was attempting to abolish private property while using COVID-19 to enslave humanity with vaccines. Great Reset conspiracy theories increased in intensity when leaders such as U.S. president Joe Biden, New Zealand prime minister Jacinda Ardern and Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau incorporated ideas of a post-COVID-19 "reset" in their speeches.


title: Great Reset

text: By mid-April 2020, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 recession, the 2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war and the resulting "collapse in oil prices", the former Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, described possible fundamental changes in an article in "The Economist". Carney said that in a post-COVID world "stakeholder capitalism" will be tested as "companies will be judged by "what they did during the war", how they treated their employees, suppliers and customers, by who shared and who hoarded." The "gulf between what markets value and what people value" will close. In a post-COVID world, it is reasonable to expect that more people will want improvements in risk management, in social and medical safety nets, and will want more attention paid to scientific experts. This new hierarchy of values will call for a reset on the way we deal with climate change, which, like the pandemic, is a global phenomenon. No one can "self-isolate" from climate change so we all need to "act in advance and in solidarity". In his 2020 BBC Reith Lectures, Carney developed his theme of value hierarchies as related to three crises—credit, COVID and climate.


title: Great Reset

text: According to a May 15, 2020 WEF article, COVID-19 offers an opportunity to "reset and reshape" the world in a way that is more aligned with the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), as climate change, inequality and poverty gained even greater urgency during the pandemic. This includes resetting labour markets, as more people work remotely speeding up the process of the "future of work". The reset will advance work already begun to prepare for the transition to the Fourth Industrial Revolution by upskilling and reskilling workers. Another post-COVID concern raised by the WEF is food security including the "risk of disruptions to food supply chains", and the need for "global policy coordination" to prevent "food protectionism from becoming the post-pandemic new normal".


title: Great Reset

text: In her June 3, 2020 keynote address opening the Great Reset forum, a joint initiative of the WEC and the Prince of Wales, Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said that there has been a "massive injection of fiscal stimulus to help countries deal with this crisis" and that it was of "paramount importance that this growth should lead to a greener, smarter, fairer world in the future". Georgieva listed three aspects of the Great Reset; green growth, smarter growth and fairer growth. Government investments and government incentives for private investors could "support low-carbon and climate-resilient growth" such as "planting mangroves, land restoration, reforestation or insulating buildings". With low oil prices, the timing was right to eliminate fossil fuel subsidies and introduce carbon pricing to incentivize future investments. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity to shape an economic recovery and the future direction of global relations, economies and priorities.


title: Great Reset

text: In June 2020, Klaus Schwab, who founded the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 1971 and is currently its CEO, described the three core components of the Great Reset. The first includes creating conditions for a "stakeholder economy"; improving policies and agreements on taxes, regulations, fiscal policies and trade to result in "fairer outcomes". The second component addresses how the large-scale pandemic spending programs with private investments and pension funds could improve on the old system by building one that is more "resilient, equitable and sustainable" over the long term by "building green urban infrastructure and creating incentives for industries to improve their track record on environmental, social and governance (ESG) metrics". The third component of a Great Reset agenda is to "harness the innovations of the Fourth Industrial Revolution" for the public good. A July 2020 non-fiction by Schwab and economist Thierry Malleret develops the plan in more detail.


title: Great Reset

text: In one of the Great Reset Dialogues, John Kerry and other members of a WEF dialogue discussed how to rebuild the "social contract" in a post-COVID world.


title: Great Reset

text: In a comment according to (then Prince) Charles, the economic recovery must put the world on a path to sustainability, which would include carbon pricing. He emphasized that the private sector would be the main drivers of the plan. The market should adapt to the current reality by aiming for fairer results, ensuring that investments are aimed at mutual progress including accelerating ecologically friendly investments, and to start a fourth industrial revolution, creating digital economic and public infrastructure.


title: Great Reset

text: According to Schwab, they would not change the economic system, but rather improve it to what he considers to be "responsible capitalism". The Brookings Institution described this three-point plan in response to the COVID-19 crisis; response, recovery and reset. For the near term it involves response. In the medium term this involves "rebuilding economic and social activity in a manner that protects public health, promotes societal healing and preserves the environment". The reset is for systems over the long term of establishing through our "collective imagination" a great reset; a "new equilibrium among political, economic, social and environmental systems toward common goals".


title: Great Reset

text: Klaus Schwab used the concept of a "Fourth Industrial Revolution" in a 2015 article published by "Foreign Affairs", and in 2016, the theme of the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland, was "Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution". In his 2015 article, Schwab said that the first industrial revolution was powered by "water and steam" to "mechanize production". Through electrical power, the second industrial revolution introduced mass production. Electronics and information technologies automated the production process in the third industrial revolution. In the fourth industrial revolution the lines between "physical, digital and biological spheres" have become blurred and this current revolution, which began with the digital revolution in the mid-1990s, is "characterized by a fusion of technologies". This fusion of technologies included "fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials science, energy storage and quantum computing."


title: Great Reset

text: Just before the 2016 annual WEF meeting of the Global Future Councils, Ida Auken, a Danish MP who was also a young global leader and a member of the Council on Cities and Urbanization, wrote an article that was uploaded to the official WEF website and later republished by "Forbes" in which she imagined how technology could improve our lives by 2030 if the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG) were realized through this fusion of technologies. In the scenario presented by Auken, the emergence and application of new digitized technologies to sectors such as communication, energy, transportation, and accommodation would result in greater access and decreased cost (ultimately leading to a complete elimination of cost), eventually leading to the end of "lifestyle diseases, climate change, the refugee crisis, environmental degradation, completely congested cities, water pollution, air pollution, social unrest and unemployment" as well as other early 21st century crises. By the scenario's 2030 endpoint, anything that had once been a product was now a freely available service, obviating any need for personal ownership of goods or real estate. The article, originally titled "Welcome to 2030. I own nothing, have no privacy, and life has never been better", has been criticized as portraying an unrealistic utopia at the cost of privacy. In response, Auken added an author's note in which she said that the article merely represented a potential future scenario rather than any personal utopia of her own and that it was intended to "start a discussion about some of the pros and cons of the current technological development" in a way that she claimed conventional reports could not, while the article itself was renamed to "Here's how life could change in my city by the year 2030". Both versions of the article describe the loss of privacy as undesirable.


title: Great Reset

text: While the "interest in Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies" had "spiked" during the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer than 9% of companies were using machine learning, robotics, touch screens and other advanced technologies. An October 21, 2020 WEF virtual panel discussed how organizations could harness fourth revolution technologies. On January 28, 2021, Davos Agenda virtual panel discussed how artificial intelligence (AI) will "fundamentally change the world". 63% of CEOs believe that "AI will have a larger impact than the Internet."


title: Great Reset

text: During 2020, the Great Reset Dialogues resulted in multi-year projects, such as the digital transformation programme where cross-industry stakeholders investigate how the 2020 "dislocative shock" had increased and "accelerated digital transformations". Their report said that, while "digital ecosystems will represent more than $60 trillion in revenue by 2025", "only 9% of executives [in July 2020] say their leaders have the right digital skills".


title: Great Reset

text: Political leaders such as Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, U.S. President Joe Biden and New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern have endorsed the idea of "building back better", as has former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson.


title: Great Reset

text: In Autumn 2020, "Time" magazine published a series entitled "The Great Reset: How to Build a Better World Post-COVID-19", which included a collection of articles, columns, talk videos and interviews.


title: Great Reset

text: In a June 11, 2020 meeting with the Prince of Wales and Permanent Representatives to the United Nations from the Commonwealth of Nations, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau spoke regarding the Great Reset initiative. Trudeau said that the Commonwealth, of which Canada is a member country, provides a space for "dialogue and collective action on global issues related to sustainable development" which includes how to "build back stronger, more resilient, and greener economies" in a post-COVID-19 world. This is in line with similar statements made on May 28, 2020, when Trudeau and Andrew Holness, Jamaica's Prime Minister, convened an online meeting of "world leaders and international organizations" to consult on a "global response to the significant economic and human impacts of COVID-19, and advance concrete solutions to the development emergency".


title: Great Reset

text: In his August presentation entitled "The Great Reset", at the Victoria Forum 2020, the Governor of the Bank of Canada described how COVID-19 is resulting in a "structural shock with broad impact worldwide". He said that governments, investors in the corporate and financial sector—including central banks, and individuals households, need to evaluate risks and prepare for transitions. He recommended the use of scenario analysis, as a way of describing possible and plausible outcomes as we are faced with a "high degree of uncertainty" in terms of climate change, policy, "technological development", and "evolving consumer and investor preferences".


title: Great Reset

text: In a September 29, 2020 six-minute virtual address to the UN General Assembly, Prime Minister Trudeau described how "[b]uilding back better" included supporting the most vulnerable, for example by ensuring "equitable access" to COVID-19 vaccine in developing countries, while also working towards reaching the UN's Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.


title: Great Reset

text: The media responded to accusations made by Conservative finance critic MP Pierre Poilievre that Trudeau, who had used the term "reset" in his September UN speech, was "harbouring a very ambitious hidden agenda — not just for Canada but for the world", by saying that the WEF agenda is published on its website. Erin O'Toole, who has been the Leader of the Opposition as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada since August 24, 2020, wrote in a November 21 tweet, "It's hard to believe anyone would look at the carnage caused by COVID-19 and see an opportunity". The message was that "Conservatives want to bring back economic certainty" while Liberals want to "reimagine the economy", which O'Toole described as "a massive and risky experiment". The "Post" said that Poilievre had launched a petition that gathered 70,000 signatures within three days on November 20 in which he cautioned that the Liberals were secretly planning on "re-engineer[ing] economies and societies to empower the elites at the expense of the people" to remodel Canada to Trudeau's alleged "socialist ideology". Poilievre used phrases from Trudeau's September speech to imply that Trudeau's statement that COVID-19 had "provided an opportunity for a reset" to "reimagine economic systems that actually address global challenges like extreme poverty inequality and climate change", was evidence that Trudeau was part of the great reset conspiracy theory, that had been circulating for some time.


title: Great Reset

text: A January 23, 2021 "Financial Times" article said that policymakers around the world are anticipating President Biden's "reset on trade, tax and climate". President-elect Joe Biden had announced in November 2020, John Kerry will be appointed as U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, and Kerry was confirmed in this position on inauguration day, January 20, 2021. Kerry had participated in one of the Great Reset Dialogues on how to rebuild the "social contract" in a post-COVID world. Kerry said that COVID-19 offered a "big moment" that opened the possibility for the Great Reset. He said the WEF would play a significant role in refining how to respond to climate change and inequalities that were "laid bare as a consequence of COVID-19." The Heartland Institute's editorial director expressed concerns that President Joe Biden, elected in November 2020, would "bring the Great Reset to the United States" and that "the country [would] never be the same."


title: Great Reset

text: In December 2021, the Dutch government published its past correspondence with representatives of the World Economic Forum. The documents, which among others called for the Netherlands to take the lead in implementing the Great Reset, were officially made available by the Dutch government.


title: Great Reset

text: In January 2019, at a World Economic Forum "Safeguarding Our Planet" panel discussion alongside world leaders and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern discussed her governments "Wellbeing Budget" and planned environmental changes. These initiatives have been linked to the World Economic Forum Great Reset in related news articles. In April 2020, the New Zealand Finance Minister Grant Robertson discussed a wellbeing focused post COVID "Recovery Budget" and an opportunity for an economical reset. Other initiatives promoted by the pair include an Artificial Intelligence drive in New Zealand related to the WEF "Globalization 4.0" initiatives to shape a global architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.


title: Great Reset

text: Naomi Klein, in a December 2020 article in "The Intercept", described the WEF idea as a "Great Reset Conspiracy Smoothie." She said that it was simply a "coronavirus-themed rebranding" of things that the WEF was already doing and that it was an attempt by the rich to make themselves look good. Klein wrote that Schwab had given each meeting at Davos a theme since 2003. "The Great Reset is merely the latest edition of this gilded tradition, barely distinguishable from earlier Davos Big Ideas."


title: Great Reset

text: In his review of the 2020 book co-authored by Schwab and Malleret—and the Great Reset agenda in general—Ben Sixsmith, a contributor to "The Spectator", said that the Great Reset was a set of "bad ideas...adopted internationally by some of the richest and most powerful people in the world". Sixsmith described sections of the book as "earnest", glum, dutiful and bland.


title: Great Reset

text: Similarly, in his review in the "Journal of Value Inquiry" of "COVID-19: The Great Reset", ethicist Steven Umbrello makes parallel critiques of the agenda. He says that the agenda amounts to nothing other than "a substantial (if not complete) socio-political-economic overhaul" and that such a proposal is a "false dilemma" and that "Schwab and Malleret whitewash a seemingly optimistic future post-Great Reset with buzz words like equity and sustainability even as they functionally jeopardize those admirable goals".


title: Great Reset

text: "The Great Reset" was scheduled to be the theme of 2021 World Economic Forum summit in Davos, but this was postponed repeatedly to 2022. The 2022 Davos summit theme was "History at a Turning Point", and it was dominated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Great Reset

text: The term "Great Reset" also known as "Liberal World Order" and "Global Liberal Order", can also refer to a conspiracy theory called New World Order.


title: Great Reset

text: Schwab wrote the preface to a 2010 report of the World Economic Forum's "Global Redesign Initiative", which postulates that a globalized world is best managed by stronger multinational institutions.


title: Great Reset

text: According to the Transnational Institute (TNI), the WEF is hence planning to replace a recognised democratic model with a model where a self-selected group of "stakeholders" make decisions on behalf of the people. The think tank summarises that we are increasingly entering a world where gatherings such as Davos are "a silent global coup d'état" to capture governance.


title: Great Reset

text: In 2019, WEF conducted a simulated Global pandemic called "Event 201" where world leaders discussed what actions would be taken if such a situation were to occur. This initiative triggered a range of diverse conspiracy theories spread by the American far-right and conservative commentators on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Such theories include claims that the COVID-19 pandemic was created by a secret group in order to seize control of the global economy, that lockdown restrictions were deliberately designed to induce economic meltdown, or that a global elite was attempting to abolish private property while using COVID-19 to enslave humanity with vaccines.


title: Great Reset

text: According to a November 22, 2020 article as part of BBC's "Reality Check" series debunking the theory, those spreading the Great Reset conspiracy theory claim, without evidence, that a "group of world leaders orchestrated the pandemic to take control of the global economy".


title: Great Reset

text: A November 2020 article in "The Daily Beast" said that even before Biden became president, his "incoming White House already ha[d] its first conspiracy theory to deal with"the Great Reset conspiracy theory. Mainstream media outlets such as "The New York Times", the BBC, and "The Guardian" traced the spread of the latest conspiracy theory on the Great Reset, which had integrated anti-lockdown conspiracies, to internet personalities and groups, including Candace Owens, Glenn Beck, Fox News hosts Laura Ingraham, Sean Hannity and Tucker Carlson, and Paul Joseph Watson, the UK-based editor of Alex Jones' website "Infowars", where he advanced the New World Order conspiracy theory. Ben Sixsmith wrote that the conspiracy theory had been spread by "fringes of Right-Wing Twitter", as well as by Australia's One Nation party leader Pauline Hanson (a "socialist left Marxist view of the world") and UK conservative writer James Delingpole (a "global communist takeover plan"). However, Sixsmith observed the WEF's partners include such capitalist enterprises as Apple, Microsoft, Facebook, IBM, IKEA, Lockheed Martin, Ericsson and Deloitte.


title: Great Reset

text: Many critics have coalesced other grievances with the WEF into allegations about the Great Reset, compounding both the conspiracy theory and more innocuous criticism. Many detractors commonly cite Ida Auken's article on a potential 2030, as well as a 2016 WEF video in which the article was presented alongside other predictions for 2030 and summarized as "You'll own nothing. And you'll be happy. Whatever you want you'll rent and it'll be delivered by drone", as evidence of the Great Reset having malicious intent.


title: Great Reset

text: An October 2020 article by "Snopes" traced the origins of a chain email posted on conspiracy forums from a member of a non-existent committee within the Liberal Party of Canada that leaked Canada's secret "COVID Global Reset Plan" to the QAnon-dedicated "Q Research" board on 8chan.


title: Great Reset

text: By November 17, 2020, a short video of Trudeau's speech in which he described key points of the concept of an economic "reset" had gone viral, as it reignited fervor over the Great Reset conspiracy theory that had taken on a new life with the launching of the forum in May. By November 2020, Maxime Bernier, leader of the People's Party of Canada lamented on his webpage on November 17 that he was the only Canadian politician along with Pierre Poilievre and Colin Carrie, an MP, speaking up against the globalist threat with Trudeau as the "world's most prominent defender" of this Great Reset. Other critics included Canadian conservative political commentators such as Ezra Levant and Alberta's Premier at that time Jason Kenney. They claimed that Trudeau's rhetoric resembled that of the Great Reset conspiracy. Conservative Spencer Fernando stated that, "We want our lives to get back to normal... Instead they offer only more fear, more control, more centralization, and a reshaping of our lives and our economy without even asking us." When Poilievre circulated a petition to "Stop the Reset", "Le Devoir" headlined an article saying that the Conservative Party was embracing conspiracy theories. The "Toronto Star" editorial board criticized Poilievre for "giving oxygen" to the conspiracy theory, with some suggesting his post was related to a possible federal election.


title: Great Reset

text: A May 2022 article in "The Globe and Mail" said that "WEF conspiracy theory" was being spread to "Canada's main streets" and was brought up during the leadership race of the Conservative Party of Canada. When Schwab "brags" about Canadian politicians' connections to the WEF, this feeds into "theories of cabals". In 2021, when Schwab said that "half of Canada's cabinet were Young Global Leaders" including Calgary Conservative MP Michelle Rempel Garnerconspiracy theorists interpreted that to mean that Canadian cabinet ministers are "minions" controlled by Schwab. The article called on politicians in Canada who had been "flirting" with the Great Reset conspiracy theories through TwitterConservative leadership candidates Poilievre and Leslyn Lewis quell the distrust by admitting that "there is no such cabal". In September 2022, "CBC News" tracked the spread of related disinformation and conspiracy theories in Canada.


title: Great Reset

text: On December 13, 2020, Australian advertising executive Rowan Dean promoted the conspiracy theory on Sky News Australia, claiming that "This Great Reset is as serious and dangerous a threat to our prosperity – to your prosperity and your freedom – as we have faced in decades".


title: Great Reset

text: The conspiracy theory has also been disseminated by Russian propaganda outlets. According to Oliver Kamm, in a 2020 article for the "CapX" website: "The propaganda apparatus of the Putin regime has for many months published wild allegations from obscure bloggers that the Great Reset is code for oligarchs to amass wealth and control populations." In 2021, the British anti-disinformation organization Logically reported that the website "The Exposé" has promoted Great Reset conspiracy theories framed as breaking news since its establishment in November 2020.


title: Great Reset

text: Great Reset conspiracy theories were a major theme in the 2022 anti-vaccine film "Died Suddenly" which appeared on the Stew Peters Network channel on the Rumble website.


title: WeWork

text: WeWork Inc. is a provider of coworking spaces, including physical and virtual shared spaces, headquartered in New York City. As of December 31, 2021, the company operated of space, including in the United States and Canada, in 756 locations in 38 countries, and had 590,000 members, with a weighted average commitment term of 20 months.


title: WeWork

text: The company gained mainstream media attention in 2019 with its failed initial public offering (IPO) of company stock. "The Wall Street Journal" noted that upon the release of its public prospectus in August 2019, the company was "besieged with criticism over its governance, business model, and ability to turn a profit".


title: WeWork

text: In September 2019, following mounting pressure from investors based on disclosures WeWork had made in its S-1 filing for the IPO, company co-founder Adam Neumann resigned from his position as CEO and gave up majority voting control in WeWork. Amid growing investor concerns over its corporate governance, valuation, and outlook for the business, WeWork formally withdrew its S-1 filing and announced the postponing of its IPO. At that time, the reported public valuation of the company was around US$10 billion, a reduction from the $47 billion valuation it had achieved in January and less than the $12.8 billion it had raised since 2010. As of May 2022 the company is traded at a valuation of $5.1 billion.


title: WeWork

text: In October 2019, Neumann received close to US$1.7 billion from stakeholder SoftBank for stepping down from WeWork's board and severing most of his ties to the company. He was retained as a consultant with an annual salary of $46 million.


title: WeWork

text: "The New York Times" described the company's failed effort to go public, and its related turmoil, as "an implosion unlike any other in the history of start-ups", which it attributed to Neumann's questionable tenure and the easy money previously provided to him by SoftBank, led by Masayoshi Son.


title: WeWork

text: In May 2008, Israeli-born Adam Neumann and United States-born Miguel McKelvey established GreenDesk, an "eco-friendly coworking space" in Brooklyn. In 2010, Neumann and McKelvey sold the business and founded WeWork, renting its first location in SoHo, Manhattan, which opened in April 2011. Manhattan real estate developer Joel Schreiber purchased a 33% interest in the company for $15 million.


title: WeWork

text: In 2011, PepsiCo placed a few employees in the location, who acted as advisors to smaller WeWork member companies, making the location a startup incubator.


title: WeWork

text: By 2014, WeWork was considered "the fastest-growing lessee of new office space in New York" and was on track to become "the fastest-growing lessee [lessor] of new space in America." WeWork investors as of 2014 included J.P. Morgan Chase & Co, T. Rowe Price, Wellington Management, Goldman Sachs, the Harvard Corporation, Benchmark, and Mortimer Zuckerman, former CEO of Boston Properties.


title: WeWork

text: In February 2015, WeWork was named to "Fast Company"’s 50 Most Innovative Companies list. On June 1, 2015, Artie Minson, former chief financial officer of Time Warner Cable, joined the company as president and chief operating officer. In August 2015, the company acquired CASE, a real estate and construction technology company, in its first acquisition. According to its founder, the speed of the transaction damaged the organizational culture of CASE.


title: WeWork

text: In March 2016, WeWork raised $430 million in financing from Legend Holdings and Hony Capital, valuing the company at $16 billion. In June 2016, the company announced layoffs of 7% of its staff and implemented a temporary hiring freeze. In July 2016, WeWork fired and sued Joanna Strange, an employee who leaked information to the press that showed that WeWork would miss its financial goals. By October 2016, the company had raised $1.7 billion in private capital. In October 2016, WeWork announced plans to open a fourth location in Central Square, Cambridge, with space for 550 desks. WeWork opened offices in Boston's Leather District and Fort Point in 2014. It also announced plans to open a location in Lincoln Square in Bellevue, Washington.


title: WeWork

text: In 2016, WeWork launched a separate but related co-living venture called WeLive in New York City and in Crystal City, Virginia, near the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in the Washington metropolitan area. A third WeLive location in Seattle was planned in the new Third and Lenora building in 2020, but the lease was terminated in October 2019. In July 2021, WeWork terminated this business line.


title: WeWork

text: In April 2017, WeWork launched an online store for services and software for its members. In May 2017, WeWork opened a luxury health club at its Broad Street, Manhattan location. The space includes exercise equipment and a boxing area, general workout area, spa, and a yoga studio with fitness classes. In June 2017, in partnership with Embassy Group, WeWork India, led by then 25-year old Karan Virwani, son of the Embassy Group owner Jitu Virwani, opened its first space in Bangalore, India, named WeWork Galaxy, with capacity for 2,200 members. In July 2017, the company raised $760 million in a Series G financing round valuing the company at $20 billion. Also in July 2017, WeWork announced expansion plans into China, with US$500 million invested by SoftBank and Hony Capital. In August 2017, the company raised $4.4 billion from the SoftBank Vision Fund at a valuation of approximately $20 billion. In September 2017, WeWork expanded into Southeast Asia via the acquisition of Singapore-based SpaceMob, and it allocated $500 million to grow in Southeast Asia. In late October 2017, WeWork signed a contract to acquire the Lord & Taylor Building on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan from the Hudson's Bay Company for $850 million. The deal also included the use of floors of certain HBC owned department stores in Germany, New York, Toronto, and Vancouver as WeWork's shared office workspaces. The transaction closed in February 2019. In October 2017, WeWork acquired Flatiron School, a coding school. It was sold in June 2020. In November 2017, WeWork invested in The Wing, a co-working space for women. It sold the stake in January 2020. Also in November 2017, WeWork acquired Meetup for approximately $156 million. It was sold at a loss in 2020. Also in November 2017, WeWork invested in Wavegarden, which designs and manufactures artificial wave devices. Also in November 2017, WeWork announced that in the fall 2018, it would launch WeGrow, a private school for children aged 3 through students in grade 4. The first permanent location was in WeWork's New York headquarters. In September 2019, Rebekah Neumann resigned as CEO of WeGrow. The WeGrow school closed at the end of the 2019 academic year. In December 2017, the company opened its first location in Singapore.


title: WeWork

text: In January 2018, students taking online university courses from 2U were given access to WeWork common spaces and meeting rooms. In December 2018, WeWork opened its first location on a college campus at the University of Maryland, College Park. In March 2018, WeWork raised over $400 million alongside Rhône Group, a private equity firm to start a fund to purchase properties directly. Also in March 2018, WeWork acquired Conductor. Conductor executives bought back the company from WeWork in December 2019. In April 2018, WeWork acquired Chinese coworking operator Naked Hub for $400 million. In May 2018, WeWork acquired MissionU, a self-styled college alternative, for $4 million in stock. MissionU was wound-down shortly afterwards and students were not charged tuition. Cash was returned from MissionU to its investors. MissionU's CEO went on to become COO of WeWork's kindergarten program, WeGrow. In July 2018, the company restricted employees globally from being reimbursed by the company for meals that contained pork, poultry, or red meat. The firm also announced that it would not provide meat for events at its locations nor allow meat at self-serve food kiosks in its locations. In July 2018, WeWork raised $500 million to expand its business in China, valuing its Chinese subsidiary at $5 billion. In August 2018, WeWork's Flatiron School acquired Designation, a for-profit design school. In September 2018, WeWork acquired Teem, an office management software company, for $100 million. It was sold to iOffice in 2020. In November 2018, SoftBank acquired a warrant to buy up to $3 billion worth of shares in the company by the end of September 2019 at a $42 billion valuation.


title: WeWork

text: In 2018, the company purchased a Gulfstream G650 business jet for more than $60 million, cited as an example of CEO Adam Neumann's excessive spending.


title: WeWork

text: In January 2019, WeWork raised an additional $2 billion from SoftBank at a $47 billion valuation. SoftBank considered investing as much as $16 billion but downsized plans due to turbulence in financial markets and opposition from investors. The investment brought SoftBank's total funding in WeWork to over $10 billion. In late January 2019, WeWork announced that it would open a location on two floors of a building in Tampa Heights in 2020 as part of its expansion into Tampa, Florida. In April 2019, WeWork acquired Managed by Q, a platform that office tenants can use to hire service providers. It was sold at a loss in March 2020. On April 29, 2019, WeWork filed a draft registration statement for a proposed initial public offering. By July 2019, Adam Neumann had liquidated $700 million of his WeWork stock. On August 14, 2019, the company filed Form S-1. The filing revealed significant losses, expensive lease agreements, and a complex relationship with founder Adam Neumann. It also disclosed $47 billion of future lease obligations and only $4 billion of future lease commitments. The company was then "besieged with criticism over its governance, business model, and ability to turn a profit."


title: WeWork

text: The company changed the legal name of WeWork to We Company and, according to the August 2019 Form S-1 filing, the firm paid $5.9 million to an entity owned by Adam Neumann and other WeWork founders for brand licensing the name. In early September 2019, Neumann returned the $5.9 million to the company for the use of the trademark and gave the company all of the trademark rights for the "We" family trademarks.


title: WeWork

text: On August 27, 2019, WeWork acquired Spacious, a company that leases unused space from restaurants during daytime hours and then rents this space to remote workers. Spacious was shut down 4 months later, in December 2019.


title: WeWork

text: On September 4, 2019, WeWork added its first female director, Harvard Business School professor Frances Frei, to the company's board of directors.


title: WeWork

text: On September 13, 2019, the company announced changes to its corporate governance to include the ability for the board of directors to pick a new CEO and not having CEO Adam Neumann's family members on the board. Neumann also agreed to transfer to the company any profits from his real estate deals with the company.


title: WeWork

text: On September 17, 2019, amid growing investor concerns over its corporate governance, valuation, and outlook for the business, WeWork formally withdrew its S-1 filing and announced the postponing of its IPO until late 2019. At that time, the reported public valuation of the company was around $10 billion, a reduction from the $47 billion valuation it achieved in January and less than the $12.8 billion it had raised since 2010. In mid-September 2019, unrelated to the company's delayed initial public offering, Wendy Silverstein, the co-head of WeWork's real estate investment fund ARK, departed the company. By September 23, 2019 SoftBank wanted Neumann removed as chief executive. On September 24, 2019, following mounting pressure from investors, company co-founder Adam Neumann resigned as CEO and gave up majority voting control in WeWork. Artie Minson and Sebastian Gunningham were named co-CEOs of the company. On September 24, 2019, WeWork put its Gulfstream G650 aircraft up for sale. Critics said the plane had become a "red flag in the leadup to the company's IPO" and had created problems with employees who didn't receive promised bonuses or raises. In October 2019, Neumann received close to $1.7 billion from SoftBank for resigning from WeWork's board of directors and severing most of his ties to the company. The $1.7 billion, with $970 million for his remaining shares, a $185 million consulting fee, and a $500 million credit to assist him to repay his loans to J.P. Morgan Chase. He was retained as a consultant with an annual salary of $46 million. In October 2019, WeWork announced the opening of new co-working locations in Singapore and Manila. Also in October 2019, WeWork abandoned plans to open an office in the U.S. Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh. The company had planned to build out as much as 105,000 square feet in the building. On October 14, 2019, WeWork warned clients that approximately 1,600 office phone booths at some of its offices in Canada and the United States were tainted with formaldehyde. The company said another 700 phone booths would possibly be taken out of service as a precautionary measure. This situation came to the attention of the company after some members reported eye irritation and a strong odor. On November 6, 2019, SoftBank Group reported $9.2 billion in write-downs on its investments in WeWork. This amount was approximately 90% of the $10.3 billion SoftBank invested in WeWork over the previous few years. On November 21, 2019, WeWork announced layoffs of 2,400 employees, almost 20% of its workforce globally.


title: WeWork

text: In January 2020, WeWork began phasing out free beer at all North American co-working locations and announced plans for a slower growth rate. On February 1, 2020, WeWork announced that Sandeep Mathrani, a former senior executive at GGP Inc. and Brookfield Property Partners, would become CEO of the company, effective February 18, 2020. On February 3, 2020, WeWork opened its first location in the Middle East in Abu-Dhabi's technology park Hub 71 under the name WeWork x Hub 71. On February 10, 2020, WeWork announced the temporary closure of 100 buildings in China due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In late March 2020, WeWork laid off 250 employees in an effort to lower expenses, followed by another round of employee layoffs at the end of April 2020. On June 5, 2020, McKelvey announced that he would be leaving WeWork at the end of the month.


title: WeWork

text: In 2020, the company vacated 66 locations and re-negotiated lower rent, deferrals, or other lease changes at more than 150 others.


title: WeWork

text: In March 2021, the company reached a deal to become a public company via a special-purpose acquisition company with a $9 billion valuation and merge with BowX Acquisition Corp. Post merger, Mathrani would continue to remain CEO but Vivek Ranadivé from BowX and Deven Parekh from Insight Partners would join the new board. The merger was consummated in October 2021 and shares of WeWork began trading on the New York Stock Exchange. In August 2021, WeWork was one of five coworking providers selected by the General Services Administration to provide services for the Federal government of the United States. In October 2021, WeWork announced a partnership with Cushman & Wakefield that included a $150 million investment in WeWork.


title: WeWork

text: In January 2022, WeWork announced the acquisition of Common Desk. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, in March 2022, WeWork closed its offices in Russia. Later in 2022, the company announced that it was developing a software product with Yardi Systems called WeWork Workplace.


title: WeWork

text: In May of 2022, WeWork named Andre Fernandez as its new CFO. He replaced Benjamin Dunham, who departed after 18 months at the company.


title: WeWork

text: In September 2018, the company eliminated broad-based non-compete clauses to settle a lawsuit from the Attorney General of New York.


title: WeWork

text: In October 2018, former WeWork director of culture Ruby Anaya filed a sexual harassment lawsuit claiming that at a company event in January 2018, a male employee grabbed her by the waist and forcibly kissed her and that in August 2017, a different employee grabbed Anaya from behind in a "sexual manner".


title: WeWork

text: In June 2019, WeWork was sued by the former head of compensation, Lisa Bridges, for gender-based pay discrimination, particularly in granting stock options. She alleged that she was fired after discussing the issue.


title: WeWork

text: Also, in June 2019, Richard Markel, a former WeWork executive making $300,000 per year, sued the company for age discrimination after allegedly being replaced with a younger worker. Markel voluntarily dismissed the case in August 2019.


title: WeWork

text: In October 2019, Medina Bardhi, the former chief of staff for Adam Neumann, represented by Douglas Wigdor, sued the company over various allegations including a gender pay gap, marijuana use by company executives, and pregnancy discrimination.


title: WeWork

text: In February 2020, Ayesha Whyte, former director of employee relations, sued WeWork for gender and race discrimination, "saying she was promised a well-paying job that never materialized, all while less-qualified white people were promoted." In June 2020, the lawsuit was forced into arbitration.


title: WeWork

text: In April 2020, SoftBank, then the largest shareholder of WeWork, cancelled its $3 billion tender offer to buy shares directly from some of WeWork's major stockholders, citing failure by WeWork to obtain certain regulatory approvals, new criminal and civil investigations, and government actions due to the COVID-19 pandemic as reasons for withdrawing the offer. WeWork then sued SoftBank. On May 4, 2020, former CEO Adam Neumann separately sued SoftBank for withdrawing the $3 billion tender offer. The lawsuits were settled in February 2021.


title: WeWork

text: On July 8, 2020, former WeWork stock plan administrator Diane Allen, and former head of diversity & inclusion Christopher Clermont, filed separate complaints against WeWork. Both alleged race discrimination, while Allen also alleged gender discrimination and lack of action over a sexual harassment claim.


title: WeWork

text: WeWork was also sued by several landlords for breach of contract when it failed to pay rent or for closing locations.


title: WeWork

text: In January 2021, Apple TV+ announced a new show called "WeCrashed" that follows the launching and fall of WeWork. Jared Leto plays Adam Neumann and Anne Hathaway plays Rebekah Neumann.


title: John Cusack

text: John Paul Cusack (; born June 28, 1966) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and political activist. He is a son of filmmaker Dick Cusack, and his older sisters are actresses Joan and Ann Cusack.


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack began acting in films during the 1980s, starring in coming-of-age dramedies such as "The Sure Thing" (1985), "Better Off Dead" (1985), and "Say Anything..." (1989). He then started appearing in independent films such as "Eight Men Out" (1988), "The Grifters" (1990), "True Colors" (1991), and "Bullets Over Broadway" (1994). Cusack began appearing as a leading man in such film as the comedic films "Grosse Pointe Blank" (1997), the action thriller "Con Air" (1997), the animated musical "Anastasia" (1997), the psychological drama "Being John Malkovich" (1999), and the romantic comedies "High Fidelity" (2000), "America's Sweethearts" (2001), "Serendipity" (2001), and "Must Love Dogs" (2005). He also starred in "Runaway Jury" (2003), "Grace Is Gone" (2007), "Martian Child" (2007), "Hot Tub Time Machine" (2010), "The Butler" (2013), "Maps to the Stars" (2014), and "Chi-Raq" (2015). He portrayed Brian Wilson in the critically acclaimed musical biopic "Love and Mercy" (2015).


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack was born in Evanston, Illinois into an Irish Catholic family. His parents are writer-actor-producer and documentary filmmaker Richard J. "Dick" Cusack (1925–2003), originally from New York City, and Ann Paula "Nancy" ("née" Carolan) Cusack (1929-2022), originally from Massachusetts, a former mathematics teacher and political activist. John's older sisters, Ann and Joan, are also actors. Cusack has two other siblings, Bill and Susie. The family moved from Manhattan, New York, to Illinois and were friends of activist Philip Berrigan. Cusack graduated from Evanston Township High School in 1984, where he met Jeremy Piven, and spent a year at New York University before dropping out, saying that he had "too much fire in his belly".


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack began acting in films in the early 1980s. He made his breakout role in Rob Reiner's "The Sure Thing" (1985). He also starred in Cameron Crowe's directorial debut film, "Say Anything..." (1989). Cusack played a con artist in Stephen Frears' 1990 neo-noir film "The Grifters". After establishing New Crime Productions, Cusack co-wrote the screenplay for and starred in George Armitage's crime film "Grosse Pointe Blank" (1997), in which he played an assassin who goes to his 10-year high school reunion to win back his high school sweetheart.


title: John Cusack

text: In Spike Jonze's fantasy film "Being John Malkovich" (1999), Cusack played a puppeteer who finds a portal leading into the mind of the eponymous actor, John Malkovich. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Director (Jonze), Best Original Screenplay (Charlie Kaufman) and Best Supporting Actress (Catherine Keener). Cusack was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in "High Fidelity" (2000), based on Nick Hornby's novel, and also appeared in "America's Sweethearts" (2001), "Serendipity" (2001), "Identity" (2003), "Runaway Jury" (2003), "Must Love Dogs" (2005), "The Ice Harvest" (2005), "The Contract" (2006), "Grace Is Gone" (2007), "1408" (2007), "Martian Child" (2007), "War, Inc." (2008).


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack starred as Jackson Curtis in Roland Emmerich's epic disaster film "2012" (2009), a struggling novelist who attempts to save his family during a global cataclysm.


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack also played Edgar Allan Poe in James McTeigue's biopic film "The Raven" (2012) and starred in David Cronenberg's "Maps to the Stars" (2014).


title: John Cusack

text: Later, he starred in video on demand films, including "The Factory", "The Numbers Station", "The Frozen Ground", "Grand Piano" (2013), "Drive Hard" (2014), "The Prince" (2014), "Reclaim" (2014), "Cell" (2016), "Arsenal" (2017), "Blood Money" (2017), and "Singularity" (2017).


title: John Cusack

text: In 2014, Cusack criticized Hollywood saying the mega-corporations have stepped in with 50-producer movies, franchises are king, and stars are used as leverage. He called Hollywood, "a whorehouse and people go mad."


title: John Cusack

text: He is anti-war, having tweeted, "Being anti-war — is pro-troops — pro-human". Between 2005 and 2009, Cusack wrote blogs for "The Huffington Post", which included an interview with Naomi Klein. He voiced his opposition to the war in Iraq and Bush's administration, calling the government's worldview "depressing, corrupt, unlawful, and tragically absurd". He also appeared in a June 2008 MoveOn.org advertisement, where he said that George W. Bush and John McCain had the same governing priorities.


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack criticized the Obama administration for its drone policy in the Middle East and its support of the National Defense Authorization Act, and became one of the initial supporters of the Freedom of the Press Foundation in 2012. In June 2015, he stated in an interview with "The Daily Beast" that "when you talk about drones, the American Empire, the NSA, civil liberties, attacks on journalism and whistleblowers, [Obama] is as bad or worse than Bush". He later criticized the publication for misquoting him in order to make an interesting headline.


title: John Cusack

text: In 2015, Cusack, Daniel Ellsberg and Arundhati Roy met Edward Snowden, who had fled the US because of his leaks of classified information surrounding illegal population surveillance, at a Moscow hotel room. This meeting was converted into a book co-authored with Roy titled "Things That Can and Cannot Be Said".


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders in his 2016 and 2020 presidential bids. He is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America.


title: John Cusack

text: During the 2014 Israel Gaza conflict, Cusack supported the Palestinians on social media. He tweeted from the region a number of pro-Gaza articles. One tweet read, "Bombing people who can't escape not [sic] defense – does not mean one supports Hamas means to be against murder as solution to political problem."


title: John Cusack

text: In 2018, after Lorde cancelled performances in Israel after a request from the BDS movement, Cusack was among more than a hundred writers, actors, director, and musicians who signed a letter defending Lorde's freedom of conscience.


title: John Cusack

text: In June 2019, Cusack wrote a tweet featuring an image of a large fist with a blue Star of David crushing a small crowd of people next to a quote often misattributed to Voltaire: "To learn who rules over you, simply find out who you are not allowed to criticize". The quote is in reality a comment by the white supremacist and neo-Nazi Kevin Alfred Strom. In the tweet, Cusack added the words "Follow the money." He later blamed it on a "bot," then defended it, then apologized and deleted the tweet.


title: John Cusack

text: Cusack trained in kickboxing under former world kickboxing champion Benny Urquidez for over twenty years. He began training under Urquidez in preparation for his role in "Say Anything..." and holds the rank of a level six black belt in Urquidez's Ukidokan Kickboxing system.


title: John Cusack

text: In March 2008, police arrested Emily Leatherman outside Cusack's Malibu, California home for stalking him. On October 10, 2008, Leatherman pleaded no contest and received five years' probation and mandatory psychiatric counseling, and was ordered to stay away from Cusack, his home, and business for the next ten years.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Carey Hannah Mulligan (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress. She has received various accolades, including a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and a Tony Award.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan made her professional acting debut on stage in Kevin Elyot's play "Forty Winks" (2004) at the Royal Court Theatre. She made her film debut with a supporting role in Joe Wright's romantic drama "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), followed by diverse roles in television, including the drama series "Bleak House" (2005), the television film "Northanger Abbey" (2007), and a guest appearance in "Doctor Who", where she played Sally Sparrow. She made her Broadway debut in the revival of Anton Chekhov's "The Seagull" (2008), which earned her a Drama Desk Award nomination.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan's breakthrough role came as a 1960s schoolgirl in the coming-of-age film "An Education" (2009), for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She gained further acclaim for her performances in "Never Let Me Go" (2010), "Drive" (2011), "Shame" (2011), "The Great Gatsby" (2013), "Inside Llewyn Davis" (2013), "Far from the Madding Crowd" (2015), "Suffragette" (2015), "Mudbound" (2017), "Wildlife" (2018), and "She Said" (2022). For her performance in the Broadway revival of David Hare's "Skylight" (2015), she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, and for her portrayal of a vigilante in the black comedy "Promising Young Woman" (2020), Mulligan received her second Academy Award nomination.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan has been an ambassador for the Alzheimer's Society since 2012, and an ambassador for War Child since 2014. She has been married to singer-songwriter Marcus Mumford since 2012. They have two children.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Carey Hannah Mulligan was born on 28 May 1985 in London, to Nano (née Booth) and Stephen Mulligan. Her father, a hotel manager, is of Irish descent and is originally from Liverpool. Her mother, a university lecturer, is from Llandeilo, Wales. Her parents met while they were both working in a hotel in their twenties. In "My Grandparents' War" (2019), she explored her maternal grandfather Denzil Booth's role as naval radar artillery officer on at the Battle of Okinawa and then sailing into Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: When Mulligan was three, her father's hotel manager work took the family to Germany. While living there, she and her brother attended the International School of Düsseldorf. When she was eight, she and her family moved back to the UK. As a teenager, she was educated at Woldingham School, an independent school in Surrey.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Her interest in acting sparked from watching her brother perform in a school production of "The King and I" when she was six. During rehearsals, she pleaded with his teachers to let her be in the play. They let her join the chorus. While enrolled in Woldingham School as a teen, she was heavily involved in theatre. She was the student head of the drama department there, performing in plays and musicals, conducting workshops with younger students, and helping put on productions.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: When she was 16, she attended a production of "Henry V" starring Kenneth Branagh. His performance emboldened her and reinforced her belief that she wanted to pursue a career in acting. She wrote a letter to Branagh asking him for advice. "I explained that my parents didn't want me to act, but that I felt it was my vocation in life," she said. Branagh's sister replied: "Kenneth says that if you feel such a strong need to be an actress, you must be an actress."


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan's parents disapproved of her acting ambitions and wished for her to attend a university like her brother. At age 17, she applied to three London drama schools instead of the universities she was expected to apply to, but was not invited to attend them. During her final year at Woldingham School, actor/screenwriter Julian Fellowes delivered a lecture at the school on the production of the film "Gosford Park". Mulligan briefly talked to him after the lecture and asked him for advice on an acting career. Fellowes tried to dissuade her from the profession and suggested she "marry a lawyer" instead. Undeterred, she later sent Fellowes a letter in which she stated she was serious about acting and that it was her purpose in life.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Several weeks later, Fellowes's wife Emma invited Mulligan to a dinner she and her husband were hosting for young aspiring actors. It facilitated an introduction between Mulligan and a casting assistant that led to an audition for a role in "Pride and Prejudice". She auditioned three times, and was eventually given the role of Kitty Bennet. During her late teens and early twenties, she worked as a pub barmaid and an errand-runner for Ealing Studios between acting jobs.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: In 2004 Mulligan made her stage debut in the play "Forty Winks" at the Royal Court Theatre in London. She made her film debut the following year in Joe Wright's 2005 film adaptation of the Jane Austen novel "Pride & Prejudice", portraying Kitty Bennet alongside Keira Knightley. Later that year, she won the role of orphan Ada Clare in the BAFTA award-winning BBC adaption of Charles Dickens' "Bleak House", her television debut.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Among her 2007 projects were "My Boy Jack", starring Daniel Radcliffe, another Jane Austen adaptation, "Northanger Abbey", starring Felicity Jones, and the "Doctor Who" episode "Blink", which won her the Constellation Award for Best Female Performance in a 2007 Science Fiction Television Episode. She rounded out 2007 by appearing in an acclaimed stage revival of "The Seagull", in which she played Nina alongside Kristin Scott Thomas and Chiwetel Ejiofor. "The Daily Telegraph" said her performance was "quite extraordinarily radiating'" and "The Observer" called her "almost unbearably affecting." While in the middle of the production, she had to have an appendectomy, preventing her from being able to perform for a week. For her debut Broadway performance in the 2008 American transfer of "The Seagull", she was nominated for a Drama Desk Award, but lost to Angela Lansbury for "Blithe Spirit".


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Her big breakthrough came when, at 24, she was cast in her first leading role as Jenny in the 2009 independent film "An Education", directed by Danish filmmaker Lone Scherfig and written by Nick Hornby. Over a hundred actresses auditioned for the part, but Mulligan's audition impressed Scherfig the most. The film and her performance received rave reviews, and she was nominated for an Academy Award, Screen Actors Guild, Golden Globe, Critics Choice and won a BAFTA Award. Lisa Schwarzbaum of "Entertainment Weekly" and Todd McCarthy of "Variety" both compared her performance to that of Audrey Hepburn. "Rolling Stone"'s Peter Travers described her as having given a "sensational, starmaking performance," Mulligan was the recipient of the BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, which is voted on by the British public.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: That same year she starred in the film adaptation of Kazuo Ishiguro's acclaimed novel "Never Let Me Go" with Keira Knightley, and Andrew Garfield. She won a British Independent Award for her performance.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: That same year she starred in the Oliver Stone-directed film "". Screened out of competition at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, it was her first major studio project. Later that year she also provided vocals for the song "Write About Love" by Belle & Sebastian.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: She returned to the stage in the Atlantic Theater Company's off-Broadway play adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's "Through a Glass, Darkly", from 13 May – 3 July 2011. Mulligan played the central character, a mentally unstable woman, and received glowing praise from reviewers. Ben Brantley, theater critic for "The New York Times", wrote that Mulligan's performance was "acting of the highest order"; he also described her as "extraordinary" and "one of the finest actresses of her generation."


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan co-starred in two critically acclaimed films in 2011. The first being Nicolas Winding Refn's


title: Carey Mulligan

text: "Drive", with Ryan Gosling. The second film was Steve McQueen's sex-addiction drama "Shame" alongside Michael Fassbender Both films were major film festival hits. "Drive" debuted at 2011 Cannes Film Festival and "Shame" debuted at 2011 Venice Film Festival, both to rave reviews. She was nominated for her second BAFTA award—Best Supporting Actress—for the film "Drive" which also garnered a total of 4 BAFTA award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director. For her performance in "Shame", she received critical praise as well as a British Independent Film Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: In 2013, she starred as Daisy Buchanan in Baz Luhrmann's "The Great Gatsby" opposite Leonardo DiCaprio, which was released in May 2013. Mulligan auditioned for the role of Daisy in late 2010. While attending a "Vogue" fashion dinner in New York City in November, Baz Luhrmann’s wife, Catherine Martin, told her she had the part. In May 2012, she was a co-chair, alongside Anna Wintour, for the 2012 Met Ball Gala themed Schiaparelli and Prada: Impossible Conversations. In 2013, she also starred in Joel and Ethan Coen's black comedy "Inside Llewyn Davis" alongside Oscar Isaac, and Justin Timberlake. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival to rave reviews.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: In 2014, she starred in the London revival of the play "Skylight" with Bill Nighy and Matthew Beard, directed by Stephen Daldry, at Wyndham's Theatre in London's West End. It won the 2014 Evening Standard Theatre Award for Revival of the Year and was nominated for the 2014 Olivier Award for Best Revival.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: She followed the production when it transferred to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in April 2015.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: The transfer was a massive success. The play won the Tony Award for Best Revival and she earned her first Tony Award nomination for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan has continued to earn acclaim for her portrayal of a wide range of complex characters. In 2015, Mulligan was praised for her roles in two acclaimed films released that year. She starred in Thomas Vinterberg's film adaptation of Thomas Hardy's novel "Far from the Madding Crowd" with Matthias Schoenaerts, Tom Sturridge, and Michael Sheen, as well as Sarah Gavron's "Suffragette" with Helena Bonham Carter, Ben Whishaw, Brendan Gleeson and Meryl Streep.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: In 2017, she starred in Netflix's "Mudbound", directed by Dee Rees. The film was met with critical acclaim. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% with the consensus reading, "Mudbound offers a well-acted, finely detailed snapshot of American history whose scenes of rural class struggle resonate far beyond their period setting." The film earned four Academy Award nominations including Best Adapted Screenplay for Rees.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: In 2018, she starred in Paul Dano's directorial debut film "Wildlife" with Jake Gyllenhaal. The film was written by Dano and Zoe Kazan, and is an adaptation of Richard Ford’s novel of the same name. The film debuted at the 71st Cannes Film Festival and received rave reviews from critics. The film has earned a 94% on Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus reading, "Wildlife's portrait of a family in crisis is beautifully composed by director Paul Dano – and brought brilliantly to life by a career-best performance from Carey Mulligan." For her performance, Mulligan received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Actress.


title: Carey Mulligan

text: Mulligan stepped back into television as a Detective Inspector in "Collateral", a BBC Two limited series, receiving plaudits from American and British critics. Mulligan praised creator Sir David Hare for seamlessly accommodating her pregnancy into the script.