title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Hayden Lesley Panettiere (; born August 21, 1989) is an American actress, model, and singer. She is best known for her lead roles as Claire Bennet on the NBC superhero series "Heroes" and Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical drama series "Nashville" , the latter of which earned her two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. She also stars in Wes Craven's meta-slasher franchise, "Scream", portraying tomboy film geek Kirby Reed. She is set to reprise her "Scream 4" (2011) role in "Scream VI" (2023).


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: A native of Palisades, New York, she first appeared on-screen in a commercial in 1990 at only 11 months old. However, her full-time acting career did not begin until 1994 when playing Sarah Roberts on the long-running ABC soap opera series "One Life to Live" from that year until 1997. She then went on to play Lizzie Spaulding on one of CBS's own soaps, "Guiding Light" from 1996 until 2000. Panettiere has also starred in the Disney football drama film "Remember the Titans" (2000), the final season of the Fox legal comedy-drama series "Ally McBeal " (2002), the comedy-drama film "Raising Helen" (2004), the Disney Channel original patriotic film "Tiger Cruise" (2004), the horse racing comedy film "Racing Stripes" (2005), the figure skating drama film "Ice Princess" (2005), the romantic comedy film "I Love You, Beth Cooper" (2009), the true crime drama film "" (2011), and the drama film "Custody" (2016). She also voiced the characters of Kairi and Xion in the video game series "Kingdom Hearts" (2002–2017) and Samantha "Sam" Giddings in the video game "Until Dawn" (2015).


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere was born and partly raised in Palisades, New York. She is the daughter of Lesley R. Vogel, a former soap opera actress, and Alan Lee "Skip" Panettiere, a captain in the Fire Department of New York City. She has one younger brother, actor Jansen Panettiere. Her mother's family lives in Indiana.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: After Panettiere attended South Orangetown Middle School in New York, she was homeschooled and had private tutors from grade nine to the completion of high school to accommodate her acting schedule.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere first appeared in commercials at the age of eleven months, beginning with an advertisement for a Playskool toy train. She landed a role as Sarah Roberts on the ABC soap opera "One Life to Live" from 1994 to 1997, which was followed by Lizzie Spaulding on the CBS soap opera "Guiding Light" in 1996, and again from 1997 to 2000. While on "Guiding Light," Panettiere's character Lizzie battled leukemia. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society gave her its Special Recognition Award for drawing the attention of daytime viewers to the disease, and for improving national awareness.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: For her performance in Lifetime Television's 1999 TV movie "If You Believe", she was nominated for the Young Artist Award for Young Actress Age Ten or Under in the category of Best Performance in a TV Movie or Pilot. Panettiere appeared on Fox's "Ally McBeal" as the title character's daughter, played the daughter of a man transitioning to female in HBO Films' "Normal", had a recurring guest role on "Malcolm in the Middle" and guest starred in "" in two different roles.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere gained greater fame as Claire Bennet in the NBC series "Heroes," which was created by Tim Kring, as a high school cheerleader with regenerative healing powers. Thanks to her role on "Heroes," she became a regular on the science fiction convention circuit, invited to attend conventions around the world in 2007, including Gen Con, New York Comic Con, and Fan Expo Canada. Panettiere has complained that her acting options are sometimes limited because "people look at [her] as either the popular cheerleader type or just the blonde".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In early 2007, Panettiere appeared on the MTV show, "Punk'd". The appearance was engineered by her mother and involved a male "fan" discussing her work with her, instigating a jealous reaction from the man's spouse. In April 2012, she hosted an episode of the new series.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In March 2012, it was announced Panettiere had been cast opposite Connie Britton on the ABC musical drama series "Nashville", where she portrayed Juliette Barnes. The show reunited Panettiere with Burgess Jenkins (who appears in the first few episodes) from "Remember the Titans". The show moved from ABC to CMT for its fifth and sixth seasons, and concluded its run on July 26, 2018.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere made her feature film debut at the age of 9, albeit as a voice actor, for 1998's "A Bug's Life", but her first released film was the same year's "The Object of My Affection" at the age of 8, in which she appears briefly as a mermaid in the school play in the opening scene. In 1999, she portrayed the girl on a sinking sailboat in "Message in a Bottle". She played the role of Coach Yoast's daughter, Sheryl, in the 2000 Disney film "Remember the Titans". In 2004, Disney Channel gave Panettiere her first starring roles as the daughter of actor Bill Pullman's character in "Tiger Cruise", and as a teenage girl caught in a fantasy transitional realm alongside fellow child actor Ryan Kelley in fantasy film flick, "The Dust Factory".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Her last major acting credit of 2004 was the role of adolescent niece to Kate Hudson's title character in "Raising Helen", where Panettiere played the older sister to real life siblings Abigail and Spencer Breslin. In 2005, Panettiere played opposite Michelle Trachtenberg as an ice skating rival in Disney's "Ice Princess" and lead the screen again, this time, as budding jockey Channing Walsh in 2005's film "Racing Stripes." In 2006, Panettiere played a cheerleader in "" and had a supporting role as Adelaide Bourbon in the 2007 independent film "Shanghai Kiss".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In June 2007, she signed with the William Morris Agency, after previously being represented by the United Talent Agency. "Forbes" estimated that she earned $2 million in 2007.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In 2008, Panettiere appeared in the drama "Fireflies in the Garden" as a younger version of Emily Watson's character, Jane Lawrence. In September 2008, she appeared in a satirical video, a mock-PSA for Funny or Die titled "Hayden Panettiere PSA: Your Vote, Your Choice". In October, Panettiere appeared in another satirical PSA video on funnyordie.com titled "Vote for McCain: He's just like George Bush, except older and with a worse temper".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In July 2009, Panettiere starred in the teen comedy "I Love You, Beth Cooper". In September 2010, she starred as Amanda Knox in the controversial "". Panettiere also provided the voice of Kate in 2010's "Alpha and Omega".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In April 2011, Panettiere appeared in the "Scream" sequel, "Scream 4", playing Kirby Reed. The film received mixed reviews, but she received acclaim for her role and was considered to be a highlight. The same year she replaced Anne Hathaway as the voice of Red for the animated sequel "Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil". In 2012, "The Forger", in which she played the role of Amber, was released direct to DVD (both this and "Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil" were made in 2009).


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In April 2015, Panettiere joined the cast of "Custody", alongside Viola Davis, whom she appeared with in 2006's "The Architect".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In January 2022, Panettiere briefly reprised her role as Kirby Reed in the "Scream 4" sequel "Scream" in a photograph used in the film, revealing the character to have survived the fourth film's events. Panettiere is credited with "Special Thanks" for the photograph's use as well as a voice cameo. In May 2022, it was announced Panettiere would be returning to the "Scream" franchise on its upcoming sixth installment, in what also marks her first on-screen appearance since 2018 after a career hiatus.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere voiced Kairi in "Kingdom Hearts" and "Kingdom Hearts II", although she was replaced by Alyson Stoner in several sequels; she briefly reprised her role in "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep" and also voiced Xion in "".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: She voiced and modeled the character of Samantha "Sam" Giddings in "Until Dawn", which was released on PlayStation 4 on August 25, 2015.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1999 for "A Bug's Life". In 2004, she recorded a song entitled "My Hero Is You" with a video for the Disney Channel film she starred in, "Tiger Cruise", and "Someone Like You," a duet with Watt White for another film, "The Dust Factory" (also with an accompanying video). The next year she recorded a song entitled "I Fly" for the Disney film "Ice Princess" in which she also co-starred. She recorded a song for the Hollywood Records compilation "Girl Next" (2006) and another song entitled "Go to Girl" for "Girl Next 2" (2007). Also in 2007, she sang the national anthem at A Capitol Fourth and recorded a cover for "Cruella De Vil" for "Disneymania 5", "Try" for the "Bridge to Terabithia" soundtrack and a ballad called "I Still Believe" for "".


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere's first single not associated with an acting role, "Wake Up Call", was digitally released on August 5, 2008. The clothing brand Candie's announced that it was premiering an ad campaign for the single in late July. Candie's provided additional promotion for the single with a television advertisement and a music video. Sebastian Stan, who portrayed the brother of Panettiere's character in "The Architect", played her boyfriend in the video.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: She has recorded several songs for "Nashville", which were released as singles and included on the show's soundtrack albums. She also made numerous concert appearances associated with the show's touring promotion. In 2013, Panettiere recorded a version of "The Fabric of My Life" for a Cotton Incorporated campaign.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In late 2006, Neutrogena made Panettiere the cover girl for their new worldwide ad campaign; following in the footsteps of actresses Kristin Kreuk, Josie Bissett, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Mandy Moore, Mischa Barton, Gabrielle Union and Jennifer Freeman. In September 2007, Panettiere appeared in a "Heroes"-themed Got Milk? ad for which the photographs were shot by Annie Leibovitz. In February 2008, Kohl's announced that Panettiere would be their next Candie's spokesperson. From 2007 to 2008, Panettiere designed limited edition hand bags for Dooney & Bourke and modeled their bags in magazine ads.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In 2009, Panettiere was one of the celebrities featured in the coffee table book "Room 23", produced by Diana Jenkins and photographed by Deborah Anderson.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere began dating her "Heroes" co-star Milo Ventimiglia in December 2007, when she was 18 and he was 30. They broke up in February 2009.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In 2009, Panettiere met then-world heavyweight boxing champion Wladimir Klitschko at the book launch party for mutual acquaintance Diana Jenkins' "Room 23", in which both Panettiere and Klitschko were featured. They soon began dating. Panettiere was ringside for Klitschko's knockout victory over Samuel Peter on September 11, 2010. In May 2011, she announced that they had split. Both cited the long-distance nature of their relationship as the reason, and said they would remain close friends. Panettiere confirmed reports that she and Klitschko had resumed their romantic relationship in an April 2013 interview. In October 2013, she announced her engagement to Klitschko. In December 2014, Panettiere gave birth to their daughter.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In 2015, she stated that following the birth of her daughter she experienced postpartum depression. In her September 28 appearance on "Live with Kelly and Michael", she said that it's "scary and needs to be talked about". In October, Panettiere voluntarily checked into a facility for treatment, causing her to miss filming for a few episodes of "Nashville". She returned to treatment in May 2016.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In August 2018, Panettiere's mother confirmed the couple had broken up again, remaining on friendly terms.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: After she broke up with Klitschko, she started dating Brian Hickerson. In 2020, they broke up after he was arrested for corporal injury on a spouse/cohabitant, assault, and intimidating a witness (Panettiere). The charges stemmed from alleged incidents between May 2019 and June 2020. Despite this abuse and the statement, Panettiere and Hickerson have remained friends since he was released from jail.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In 2007, Panettiere became an official supporter of Ronald McDonald House Charities and is a member of their celebrity board, called the Friends of RMHC.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: On October 31, 2007, Panettiere joined with The Whaleman Foundation to try to disrupt the annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, Wakayama, Japan. She was involved in a confrontation between Japanese fishermen and five other surfers of the group from Australia and the United States (including former "Home and Away" actress Isabel Lucas). The confrontation lasted more than ten minutes before the surfers were forced to return to the beach, after which they left the country. Parts of the confrontation can be seen on the award-winning Sundance Film Festival documentary film "The Cove". The fishermen consider the condemnation as an attack on their culture.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: On January 28, 2008, Panettiere handed a letter of protest to the Norwegian ambassador in the U.S. arguing that Norway should stop its hunt for whales. She also delivered a letter to the Japanese ambassador calling for the end of Japan's hunting of whales. At a 2007 Greenpeace event in Anchorage, Alaska, Panettiere defended aboriginal whaling, saying that there is a difference between commercial whaling and the whaling practiced by aboriginal tribes in the U.S.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In May 2008, Panettiere was involved in an eBay auction to benefit Save the Whales Again, a campaign of The Whaleman Foundation. The auction included tickets to a fundraising dinner hosted at the Hollywood restaurant Beso, owned by Eva Longoria, and a whale watching tour, with Panettiere, off the coast of Santa Barbara. The same month, during an interview with "Teen Vogue", she explained how her fame gives her a platform for her activism: "The show ["Heroes"] put me in a place to speak for things that I'm passionate about."


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In September 2008, Panettiere launched her own line of calfskin leather bags for the company Dooney & Bourke. In October, she delved into the presidential election, releasing a satirical public service announcement through the website Funny or Die. In this video, Panettiere mocked Republican candidate John McCain for his age and temper. She subsequently made clear her intention to vote for Barack Obama and urged other young people to vote.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: Panettiere has long supported the statehood movement in the District of Columbia. In 2008 she appeared in a public service announcement with DC Shadow Senator Paul Strauss endorsing voting rights for Washington, DC. In 2011, DC Mayor Vincent Gray acknowledged Panettiere's advocacy on behalf of securing full representation in Congress for District of Columbia residents by naming a day in her honor. At the ceremony, Panettiere reflected, "It seems like such (an) unfathomable fact that, you know, it's taxation without representation in D.C., and that there's no democracy in our democracy, at the heart of it." She participated in Strauss' "51 Stars" campaign which aimed to get 51 celebrities to endorse making Washington, DC the 51st state.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: She was also a teen ambassador for the Candie's Foundation, whose mission is to prevent teen pregnancy. On May 6, 2009, she participated in a town hall meeting in New York City alongside Bristol Palin and Major League Baseball pitcher Matt Garza on the issue of teen pregnancy.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: On December 6, 2013, Panettiere and her then-fiancé Wladimir Klitschko visited the Euromaidan protests in Kyiv, Ukraine. Wladimir's brother, Vitali, was one of the leading figures of the protests.


title: Hayden Panettiere

text: In July 2020, Panettiere advocated for victims of domestic abuse to come forward and share their stories, specifically after she herself had gone through abuse.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, singer, writer, producer, and television host. Primarily known for his comedic television roles and dramatic and musical stage roles, he has received multiple accolades throughout his career, including a Tony Award, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and nominations for a Grammy Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: On television, he is known for playing the title character on the ABC series "Doogie Howser, M.D." (1989–1993), for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, as well as Barney Stinson on the CBS series "How I Met Your Mother" (2005–2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on the Netflix series "A Series of Unfortunate Events" (2017–2019).


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon's musical "Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog" (2008) and a fictional version of himself in the "Harold & Kumar" film series (2004–2011). His other films include "Starship Troopers" (1997), "Beastly" (2011), "The Smurfs" (2011), "The Smurfs 2" (2013), "A Million Ways to Die in the West" (2014), and "Gone Girl" (2014).


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2010, Harris won two awards at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, winning for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his guest appearance on "Glee", and Outstanding Special Class Program for hosting the Tony Awards in 2009; he has won the latter award three additional times for hosting the show in 2011, 2012, and 2013. He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013, and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015, thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards. In 2014, he starred in the title role in "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" on Broadway, for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris was named one of "Time" magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010. He is married to David Burtka. In 2010, they had twins via surrogacy.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and grew up in Ruidoso, New Mexico, with his older brother and their parents, Sheila Gail (née Scott; born 1946) and Ronald Gene Harris (born 1946). His parents were lawyers and also ran a restaurant. He attended La Cueva High School in Albuquerque, graduating with high honors in 1991, which he attributes to being privately tutored half the school year while on set.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris began his career as a child actor and was discovered by playwright Mark Medoff at a drama camp in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Medoff later cast him in the 1988 drama film "Clara's Heart", starring Whoopi Goldberg and based on the novel of the same name by Joseph Olshan. "Clara's Heart" earned Harris a Golden Globe nomination. The same year, he starred in "Purple People Eater", a children's fantasy.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris's first film role as an adult was 1995's "Animal Room", although he portrayed a teenager. His subsequent film work has included supporting roles in "The Next Best Thing", "Undercover Brother", and "Starship Troopers". In 2004, Harris played a fictionalized, hyper-womanising, lewd version of himself in the "Harold and Kumar" stoner comedy films "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle". It was the shift from roles associated with his sanitized "Doogie Howser" character to the more unscrupulous and bawdy part in the "Harold & Kumar" franchise that liberated Harris and revitalized his acting career, leading to his now-iconic role of Barney Stinson in "How I Met Your Mother" the following year. He would go on to reprise this role in the sequels: "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay" and "A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas".


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2010, Harris provided voice acting for the role of the adult Dick Grayson (Nightwing) in the animated film "" and the beagle Lou in the film "". The same year, he played the lead in the indie comedy "The Best and the Brightest". On March 7, 2010, he made a surprise appearance at the 82nd Academy Awards, delivering the opening musical number. He starred in the films "The Smurfs" (2011) and "The Smurfs 2" (2013). Harris provided the voice of Steve the Monkey in the "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs" film franchise.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2014, Harris showed a more serious side in "Gone Girl", directed by David Fincher. Harris co-starred in the film as Desi Collings, the wealthy and obsessed ex-boyfriend of Amy Dunne, played by Rosamund Pike. Harris has said: "I was pinching myself at the opportunity" to work with Fincher. He received general praise from critics for his performance, as did the film.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: On February 22, 2015, Harris hosted the 87th Academy Awards; it was his first time hosting the ceremony, and the first time an openly gay man hosted the Academy Awards.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In October 2019, it was announced Harris would star in the fourth installment of the "Matrix" franchise.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris has worked on Broadway in both musical and dramatic roles. He played Tobias Ragg in the 2001 concert performances of "Sweeney Todd". In 2002, he performed beside Anne Heche in "Proof". In 2003, he took the role of the Emcee in "Cabaret" alongside Deborah Gibson and Tom Bosley. As a result of his critically acclaimed performance in "Cabaret", Harris was named the top-drawing headliner in the role of the Emcee by GuestStarCasting.com, outranking fellow celebrity stars John Stamos and Alan Cumming. In 2004, he performed the dual role of the Balladeer and Lee Harvey Oswald on Broadway in the revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical "Assassins". He also sang the role of Charles (initially played by Anthony Perkins in a 1966 ABC telecast) on the Nonesuch recording of Sondheim's "Evening Primrose" and portrayed Mark Cohen in the 1997 touring company of the musical "Rent", a role he satirized on the January 10, 2009 episode of "Saturday Night Live", which he hosted.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2010, Harris directed a production of the rock musical "Rent" at the Hollywood Bowl; he cast his "Beastly" co-star Vanessa Hudgens as Mimi. In 2011, Harris played the lead role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheim's "Company" with the New York Philharmonic in concert, opposite Patti LuPone and others. That same year, he directed "The Expert at the Card Table" at Broad Stage's Edye in Santa Monica, California.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris has hosted the Tony Awards four times: the 63rd Tony Awards on June 7, 2009, the 65th Tony Awards on June 12, 2011, the 66th Tony Awards on June 10, 2012, and the 67th Tony Awards on June 9, 2013. Only Dame Angela Lansbury, with five ceremonies, has hosted the Tony Awards more times. Hosting the Tony Awards has earned him four Primetime Emmy Awards in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 for the 63rd, 65th, 66th and 67th, respectively.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: A week after hosting the Tonys, it was announced that Harris would portray the titular role in the first Broadway production of the rock musical "Hedwig and the Angry Inch", which he did from March through August 2014. Harris went on to win the 2014 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2022, he joined the New York City Center Encores! presentation of Stephen Sondheim's "Into the Woods" as The Baker opposite Sara Bareilles as The Baker's Wife. The cast also included Heather Hedley, Gavin Creel, and Denée Benton The limited production ran from May 4 to May 15.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Beginning in 1989, Harris played the title role of a child prodigy doctor in "Doogie Howser, M.D.", for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe. After the show's four-season run ended in 1993, Harris played a number of guest roles on television series, including "Murder, She Wrote". From 1999 to 2000, he starred with Tony Shalhoub in the NBC sitcom "Stark Raving Mad", which lasted 22 episodes. He has played lead roles in a number of made-for-television features including "" in 1994, "My Ántonia" in 1995, "The Christmas Wish" in 1998, "Joan of Arc" in 1999, "The Wedding Dress" in 2001, and "The Christmas Blessing" in 2005.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: From 2005 to 2014, Harris played Barney Stinson, a serial womanizer, in the CBS ensemble sitcom "How I Met Your Mother". The role earned him Emmy nominations every year from 2007 to 2010. In 2008, Harris guest-starred on "Sesame Street" as the Sesame Street Fairy Shoe Person. In 2009, he hosted the 7th Annual TV Land Awards and appeared as a guest judge on Season 9 of "American Idol". Harris hosted the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2009. On August 21, 2010, he won two Emmy Awards at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony, one of which was for his guest performance in the television series "Glee". Harris hosted the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards on September 22, 2013, marking his second time hosting the event.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: After a preview at the San Diego Comic-Con, a musical episode of "" featuring Harris as the villainous Music Meister premiered on October 23, 2009, on Cartoon Network. As a character who could make anyone do his bidding by singing, he spent most of the episode singing several original songs. In 2010, Harris filmed a pilot episode for an American adaptation of the British game show "The Cube" as host, though it was not picked up to series.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2014, Harris turned down the chance to replace David Letterman as host of the "Late Show" on CBS, stating that he feared he would get bored of the repetition that hosting a nightly talk show would entail. He also rejected the suggestion of replacing Craig Ferguson as host of "The Late Late Show" on the same grounds, although he claims he was never actually offered either job.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: On September 15, 2015, "Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris", a live variety series hosted by Harris on NBC, made its debut but was cancelled after an eight-episode run.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: On January 15, 2016, Netflix cast Harris in the television adaptation of "A Series of Unfortunate Events", in which he stars as Count Olaf. It ran for 3 seasons and 25 episodes before ending on January 1, 2019.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: On March 31, 2017, NBC picked up Harris's game show titled "Genius Junior", the format would test the smarts of the most brilliant children in the country. Harris would serve as host and executive producer. The series received a 10-episode order and debuted on March 18, 2018.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In January 2021, Harris starred in the British drama series, "It's a Sin", broadcast on Channel 4, depicting the 1980s HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United Kingdom. In June 2021, Harris was announced to be a judge on "", a spin-off series of "Australia's Got Talent".


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In June 2022, it was announced that Harris would play a villain for the 60th anniversary of "Doctor Who". In July 2022, Harris starred in the Netflix series "Uncoupled" as gay Manhattanite Michael Lawson, a realtor re-navigating the dating scene after 17 years.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In 2007, Harris worked with Mike Nelson on an audio commentary for RiffTrax. The two "riffed" on the film "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory". Harris is a big fan of the cult TV series Nelson worked on, "Mystery Science Theater 3000". Harris was interviewed for a 1992 Comedy Central special "This Is MST3K" hosted by Penn Jillette about the series and its fans. In 2008, Harris played the title role in Joss Whedon's musical web series "Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog" alongside Nathan Fillion and Felicia Day. The first episode of the series debuted on July 15, 2008. He has also provided his voice for the Disney California Adventure Park attraction California Screamin'.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In October 2014, Harris released a memoir titled "Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography", which is structured like a Choose Your Own Adventure book. His autobiography spent two weeks on "The New York Times" Best Seller List. His debut young adult novel, "The Magic Misfits", was released in November 2017 and is the first in a four-book series of the same name.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In October 2020, Harris released a single-player board game named "Box One", produced by luxury playing card company Theory11. It is currently available exclusively through Target.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: From 1997 to 1998, Harris dated actress Christine Taylor. In a 2008 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, he discussed how the relationship made him realize his true sexuality: "She's the coolest, nicest chick ever. She's an absolute catch, and I thought, 'If I'm not going to feel the super sparks with her... it probably means I'm gay.'"


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris publicly came out as gay in November 2006, saying, "I am happy to dispel any rumors or misconceptions and am quite proud to say that I am a very content gay man living my life to the fullest and feel most fortunate to be working with wonderful people in the business I love."


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris attended the Emmy Awards in September 2007 with his fiancé David Burtka, later confirming the relationship. In an interview on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", Harris said his relationship with Burtka began in 2004. On August 14, 2010, Harris announced that he and Burtka were expecting twins via a surrogate mother. Their son and daughter were born on October 12, 2010.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act in New York on June 24, 2011, Harris and Burtka announced their engagement via Twitter, stating that they had proposed to each other five years earlier but kept the engagement secret until same-sex marriage became legal. On September 8, 2014, Harris announced on his Twitter page that Burtka and he were married over the weekend in Italy. Pamela Fryman, the long-time director of "How I Met Your Mother", officiated the wedding while Elton John performed at the reception. In 2013, the couple bought a townhouse in Harlem which they sold in 2022 for $6.9M.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Harris is a fan of magic, like his character on "How I Met Your Mother". His character in "" was also a magician. Harris's "Glee" character performed magic as well. Harris won the Tannen's Magic Louis Award in 2006 and hosted the 2008 World Magic Awards on October 11, 2008. He previously served as the President of the Board of Directors of Hollywood's Magic Castle, from 2011 to 2014. Additionally, Harris and partner David Burtka were guests of honor for a "" episode that took place at the Magic Castle.


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: Alongside his acting career, Harris has supported and contributed to various charities, organization, and foundations. These include:


title: Neil Patrick Harris

text: In October 2014, Harris attended a dinner for the Elton John AIDS Foundation and in September 2016, he and his husband were the honorary hosts of a culinary cookout to help raise money for the Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation. In April 2019, Harris hosted WE Day California, a charity event that celebrates students who have made a change in their community.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Tyler Gregory Okonma (born March 6, 1991), known professionally as Tyler, the Creator, is an American rapper and record producer. He is one of the founding members of the music collective Odd Future.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma self-released his debut mixtape "Bastard" in 2009 and rapidly gained attention among the online music press for his horrorcore-influenced sound and violent, transgressive lyrical content. His debut studio album "Goblin" (2011), brought him mainstream exposure aided by the popularity of the single "Yonkers" and its accompanying music video. During this period, Odd Future gained rapid popularity and Okonma faced controversy over his lyrics. Beginning with his second album "Wolf" (2013), Okonma began moving away from his stylistic horrorcore towards a more alternative hip hop sound. His 2015 album "Cherry Bomb" featured a greater focus on melody and jazz-fused sounds which has continued throughout his later discography. Okonma's later albums, "Flower Boy" (2017), "Igor" (2019) and "Call Me If You Get Lost" (2021), were all released to widespread critical acclaim, with the latter two debuting at number one on the "Billboard" 200 and each winning Best Rap Album at the 2020 and 2022 Grammy Awards, respectively.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: As a visual artist, Okonma has created the cover art for Odd Future's releases, their clothing, and other merchandise. In 2011, Okonma founded the streetwear brand Golf Wang and then began the annual music festival Camp Flog Gnaw Carnival in 2012. Okonma also founded and operated the streaming service Golf Media between 2015 and 2018, which contained original scripted series from Tyler and a livestream of each Camp Flog Gnaw Carnival.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma has won two Grammy Awards, three BET Hip Hop Awards, a BRIT Award, and a MTV Video Music Award.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Tyler Gregory Okonma was born on March 6, 1991, in Hawthorne, California, the son of a Nigerian father with Igbo ancestry and an American mother of mixed and descent. He never met his father and spent his early life living in Hawthorne, moving to Ladera Heights at 17. At the age of seven, he would take the cover out of a CD case and create covers for his own imaginary albumsincluding a tracklist with song lengthsbefore he could even make music. At the age of 14, he taught himself to play the piano. In his 12 years of schooling, he attended 12 different schools in the Los Angeles and Sacramento areas. In the eighth grade, Okonma joined the drama class and was kicked out due to being too hyper, and in the ninth grade, Okonma was not allowed to join the band class because he could not read music. He worked at FedEx for just under two weeks and at Starbucks for over two years. Okonma took his stage name from a Myspace page he used to post his creative endeavors.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma co-founded the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future in 2007, alongside Hodgy, Left Brain, and Casey Veggies. They self-released their debut mixtape, "The Odd Future Tape", in November 2008. On December 25, 2009, Okonma self-released his first solo mixtape, "Bastard". The mixtape was eventually ranked 32nd on Pitchfork Media's list of the Top Albums of 2010. On February 11, 2011, Okonma released the music video for "Yonkers". The video received attention from several online media outlets. An extended version with a third verse was made available on iTunes. Okonma won Best New Artist for "Yonkers" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. Okonma's thematic content in these first two solo projects led fans and publications alike to categorize him in the horrorcore scene, although he vehemently rejected his connection with it.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: In early 2011, Okonma was gaining the interest of a number of figures in the music industry, including Steve Rifkind, Jimmy Iovine, Rick Ross and Jay-Z. Okonma and the rest of Odd Future eventually signed a deal with Red Distribution/Sony in April 2011. His debut studio album, "Goblin", was released May 10, 2011. Okonma and fellow Odd Future member Hodgy Beats made their television debut on February 16, 2011, when they performed "Sandwitches" on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon". On March 16, Okonma and Hodgy performed "Yonkers" and "Sandwitches" at the 2011 mtvU Woodie Awards, being joined by other members of Odd Future during "Sandwitches". During an interview with Okonma for "Interview", Waka Flocka Flame expressed his interest in collaborating with the Odd Future frontman to direct a music video for him. In early 2011, Okonma told fans through his Formspring account that his second album would be called "Wolf" and it was scheduled to be released in May 2012. Okonma also announced that Odd Future would establish their own TV show called "Loiter Squad". On September 8, 2011, the show was finally confirmed as a 15-minute live-action show composed of various sketches, man on the street segments, pranks and music made by Odd Future. Dickhouse Productions, the production partnership that created "Jackass", was scheduled to produce the show.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Odd Future's television show "Loiter Squad" premiered on Adult Swim on March 25, 2012. The show ran for three seasons and featured guest appearances from celebrities, including Johnny Knoxville, Lil Wayne and Seth Rogen. In 2015, Okonma stated that the show "is no more". On February 14, 2013, Odd Future uploaded a video to their YouTube account, which includes L-Boy skydiving and stating that "Wolf" would be released on April 2, 2013. The same day, Okonma would reveal the three album covers via his Instagram account.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: In promotion of "Wolf", Okonma performed several guest verses for other artists, notably "Trouble on My Mind" by GOOD Music artist Pusha T, "Martians vs. Goblins" by The Game (also featuring Lil Wayne), "I'ma Hata" by DJ Drama (also featuring Waka Flocka Flame and D-Bo), the title track from fellow Odd Future member Domo Genesis' collaboration album with The Alchemist, "No Idols", and "Blossom & Burn" by Trash Talk (also featuring Hodgy Beats). Okonma also co-produced the song "666" from MellowHype's third album "Numbers", which featured Mike G.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Through March and April 2013, Okonma toured North America and Europe. The first single from the album was released on February 14, 2013, titled "Domo23" along with the music video which features cameos from Domo Genesis, Earl Sweatshirt, Jasper Dolphin and Taco Bennett. On February 26, 2013, Okonma performed the songs "Domo23" and "Treehome95" on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: "Wolf" was released on April 2, 2013, by Odd Future Records and RED Distribution under Sony Music Entertainment. It featured guest appearances by Frank Ocean, Mike G, Domo Genesis, Earl Sweatshirt, Left Brain, Hodgy Beats, Pharrell, Casey Veggies and Erykah Badu. The album was produced solely by Okonma, except for the final track "Lone". Along with the lead single "Domo23", music videos were filmed for "Bimmer", "IFHY" and "Jamba". Upon release, the album was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the "Billboard" 200, selling 90,000 copies in its first week.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On April 9, 2015, Okonma released the music video for the song "Fucking Young" to Odd Future's official YouTube channel. The video also included a short snippet of another song, "Deathcamp". Okonma announced on the same day that the songs will be featured on his upcoming album "Cherry Bomb", set for release on April 13, 2015. Okonma announced via his Twitter account that the album would feature Charlie Wilson, Chaz Bundick and Black Lips member Cole Alexander. Two days later, Okonma performed the songs "Fucking Young" and "Deathcamp" for the first time at Coachella. During the set, Okonma notably criticized VIP members in the audience, of which many were celebrities, for their lack of enthusiasm.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: "Cherry Bomb" was released digitally on April 13, 2015, through Odd Future Records, with physical copies of the album, featuring five different album covers, set to be released on April 28, 2015. The album features performances from notable artists such as Kanye West, Lil Wayne and Schoolboy Q. The album was supported by a world tour through North America, Europe and Asia, beginning at Coachella music festival on April 11, 2015, and ending in Tokyo, Japan in September 2015. Okonma cancelled the Australian leg of his Cherry Bomb World Tour following a campaign by the grassroots organization Collective Shout against the portrayal of women in his music.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On August 26, 2015, Okonma revealed that he had been banned from visiting the United Kingdom for three to five years, which forced him to cancel a string of tour dates supporting the "Cherry Bomb" album, including the Reading and Leeds Festivals. The reason for the ban comes from lyrics dating back to 2009. His manager Christian Clancy said they were informed of the ban via a letter from then-Home Secretary Theresa May. May cited lyrics from the mixtape "Bastard" as the reason for the ban, although Okonma had toured multiple times in the UK since its release. Okonma later claimed that he felt he had been treated "like a terrorist" and implied that the ban was racially motivated, stating that "they did not like the fact that their children were idolizing a black man".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On April 8, 2017, Frank Ocean released a song titled "Biking" on his Beats One radio station "blonded RADIO", which features both Tyler, the Creator and Jay Z. Eight days later it was announced Okonma would write, produce, and perform the theme song for scientist Bill Nye's new show, "Bill Nye Saves the World".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On June 28, the trailer for Okonma's TV show "Nuts + Bolts" premiered on Viceland. The show focuses on things Tyler, the Creator finds interesting or is passionate about, and explains how they are created. The series premiered on August 3, 2017.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On June 29, 2017, Okonma released the song "Who Dat Boy" featuring ASAP Rocky on a new YouTube channel, following many promotional countdown posts on his social media accounts. Later that night, he released the song on streaming services alongside a new song titled "911 / Mr. Lonely" featuring Steve Lacy, Frank Ocean, and Anna of the North. On July 6, 2017, he announced the title, tracklist and release date of his fourth album, "Flower Boy", which was released on July 21, 2017. Several singles were released following up to the album's release date, including "Boredom" and "I Ain't Got Time!". The album was released via iTunes, Spotify, and other major music services. On September 14, 2017, Tyler, the Creator announced his third TV show to date, "The Jellies". It premiered on October 22, 2017. "Flower Boy" received rave reviews from critics and was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards, giving Tyler his second Grammy nomination after contributing to 2013 Album of the Year nominee "Channel Orange", but was beat out by Kendrick Lamar's fourth studio album "Damn".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On March 29, 2018, Okonma released "Okra", amongst a string of freestyles and remixes. Okonma referred to it as a "throwaway song", stating that it was not going to be included on any upcoming album, and was not an indication of the sound of any future projects. On May 22, 2018, he released "435", continuing this string of singles. On July 23, 2018, Okonma and ASAP Rocky announced a collaborative project, "WANG$AP", by releasing a music video for a remix of Monica's "Knock Knock" named "Potato Salad" on "AWGE DVD (Vol. 3)", a video compilation by AWGE, ASAP Rocky's creative agency.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On May 6, 2019, Okonma released two short video clips on his online profiles which featured new music. The videos showed him dancing erratically while wearing a long blonde wig, multicolored suit, black sunglasses, and a grill; he donned the same style for pictures on his social media and the music videos for the album's singles. He soon announced his fifth studio album, "Igor", which was released on May 17. "Igor" was met with widespread critical acclaim and debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200, becoming Tyler's first number-one album in the United States. The album also features the song "Earfquake", which peaked at number 13 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. On December 23, 2019, Okonma released two songs, "Best Interest", a song that did not make the cut of "Igor" that was released with a music video, and "Group B". "Igor" won the award for Best Rap Album at the 62nd Grammy Awards.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On January 26, 2020, Okonma won his first-ever Grammy for "Igor" at the 2020 Grammy Awards. Okonma admitted that while he was "very grateful" for his win, the categorizing of his music as rap is a "backhanded compliment." "It sucks that whenever we — and I mean guys that look like me — do anything that's genre-bending or that's anything they always put it in a rap or urban category. I don't like that 'urban' word — it's just a politically correct way to say the n-word to me," he said. He also added that he would love to be recognized on a more mainstream level and not forever pigeonholed in "urban" categories.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: For his sixth studio album, "Call Me If You Get Lost", Okonma placed billboards in major cities across the world containing a phone number that when called, played a recorded conversation between Okonma and his mother. That recording is included in the album as "Momma Talk". Soon after the billboards were spotted, a website of the same name was discovered. The album's lead single, "Lumberjack", was released on June 16. The following day, Okonma revealed the album's cover and confirmed its release date of June 25. Upon release, it received widespread critical acclaim and debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200, becoming Okonma's second number-one album in the United States. On January 5, 2022, Tyler, the Creator was announced as a headliner of Louisville's Forecastle Festival scheduled for May 27–29, 2022.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On March 25, 2022, Okonma appeared on two tracks off Nigo's album "I Know Nigo!", the opening track "Lost and Found Freestyle 2019" with A$AP Rocky, and the closer, "Come On, Let's Go", the latter of which was released along with a music video showcasing Tyler's Golf le Fleur* clothing line. "Call Me If You Get Lost" won the award for Best Rap Album at the 64th Grammy Awards.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma's music has been variously considered alternative hip hop, bedroom pop, jazz rap, R&B, and neo soul, while his earlier music was considered horrorcore. Over the years, his style of production has progressed from gritty and dark in early projects such as "Goblin", but soon transitioned to a more jazz-based approach, with the album "Cherry Bomb," which Okonma described in 2018 as his favorite album. Okonma's fourth album, "Flower Boy," "marked the beginning of a new era — a complete departure from the wildly offensive lyrics and dark themes that defined his previous works". "Igor," Okonma's first Grammy-winning album, was a deeply personal concept album about "the emotional journey of being the odd man out in a love triangle", while "Call Me If You Get Lost," his second Grammy-winning album, was a concept album about "the persona of "Tyler Baudelaire," a suave, well-traveled gentleman with a sophisticated taste for high art".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma is also known as the leader of Odd Future, and the group as a whole has been compared to the influential hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan. Since the beginning of his career, Okonma has largely self-produced songs for his projects and other Odd Future members; he has been heavily influenced by the production work of The Neptunes member Pharrell Williams, whose debut solo album, "In My Mind" (2006), had a substantial impact on Okonma, inspiring him to co-found the Odd Future collective. He has also cited Williams' band N.E.R.D's debut album "In Search of..." (2001) as an impactful album for him. Tyler has named Washed Out, Beach House and Broadcast as influences. He was also initially influenced by rapper Eminem, calling Eminem's album "Relapse" (2009) one of his favorite albums in 2011. During his acceptance of the Cultural Influence Award at the BET Awards, Okonma thanked Q-Tip, André 3000, Chad Hugo, Kanye West, Missy Elliot, Busta Rhymes, and Hype Williams as his influences.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: In addition to music, Okonma also is involved in the fashion industry; he runs both Golf Wang, a streetwear company known for its colorful aesthetic, and Golf Le Fleur, a high-end luxury line described to "embody the globe-trotting mise en scène of his latest album "Call Me If You Get Lost"".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Artists who have cited Okonma as an influence include Billie Eilish, Lil Nas X, and Brockhampton member Kevin Abstract. In a No Jumper interview, Juice Wrld stated that Tyler, the Creator and Odd Future had a profound impact on him as a child, "When they came out with some rappers that could actually skate, that were raw as hell, and that were different, that shit fucked my head up." In an interview with Rolling Stone, Jack Harlow stated that he grew up watching Tyler, The Creator, and that his works have had a profound impact on hip hop culture.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Aside from societal and cultural impacts, In 2020 Tyler Okonoma won the Best Rap Album Grammy For his 2019 album "IGOR". During his speech he says "I never felt fully accepted in rap."Tyler expresses that during another interview, he has always felt out of place as Black man growing up. "We had this conversation just wanting to snowboard when I was 12, but someone said 'That's white people sh**t. Black people don't do that.' No, you don't do that. Don't put a damper on me and tell me what I can and can't be just because of the way everyone else was that's my same color…". In another interview regarding his Grammy win, Tyler says "...It sucks that whenever, we, and I mean guys that look like me, do anything that's genre bending, or just, anything, they always put it in a 'rap' or 'urban' category... and I don't like that urban word it's just a politically correct way to say the n-word. So, when I hear that I'm just like, 'why can't we just be in pop?' I felt like half of me feels like the rap nomination is a backhanded compliment." He further explains in the video that even though he's grateful to have his music be showcased to this level of prestige, he feels as if being nominated in the "rap" category allowed for him to acknowledge the continuous limitation set on Black people. He describes the feeling as being a young family member given an unplugged remote while everyone gets to use the plugged in ones just so the younger family can "shut up", and feel included.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Aside from music, he has impacted and encouraged the younger generation to follow their own dreams. Simply put during his interview with Converse, "Believe in your shit". He says that we should have full confidence in our creations and go full go through with them. Also quoted from Tyler, the Creator's Facebook page, he writes a note to his fans saying they should all love themselves. He says, "...you will start trusting yourself, then you trust your ideas, then you fucking become that person you really want to be." He shares his knowledge on how authenticity has got him far and wishes that for everyone else. He constantly uses his platform to encourage authenticity and working towards your goals. Being a black, sexually noncomfoming man, who has never fit into the categories of society, helps to show that the stereotypes and restrictions set on black people are unsound. In his song, Where the Flower Blooms, he says "Tell these Black kids they could be who they are. Dye your hair blue, shit, I do it too." He exudes this mentality through his lifestyle and stylistic choices. He's never been afraid to speak his mind, even if it's at the Grammys.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma has been an avid skateboarder since 2002 and collects BMX bicycles. Okonma identifies as an atheist. Okonma has asthma, and has been seen using an inhaler while on stage. For this reason, he follows a straight edge lifestyle.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma has been the subject of speculation regarding his sexuality and has made numerous direct references in lyrics and interviews to having had same-sex relationships or experiencing same-sex attractions. He described himself in a 2015 "Rolling Stone" interview as "gay as fuck" and said "My friends are so used to me being gay. They don't even care." In 2017, during an interview with "Noisey", Tyler said that by age 15 he already had a boyfriend. In a 2018 interview with "Fantastic Man", while discussing the "Flower Boy" lyric "I been kissing white boys since 2004" and the public response to it, Okonma said "It's still such a grey area with people, which is cool with me. Even though I'm considered loud and out there, I'm private, which is a weird dichotomy." "Igor" follows what some have interpreted as a romantic relationship between Okonma and a closeted bisexual man, while the song "Wilshire" on "Call Me If You Get Lost" has the lyric "I could fuck a trillion bitches every country I done been in/Men or women, it don't matter, if I seen 'em, then I had 'em".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: Okonma has been criticized for his use of homophobic slurs, in particular, his frequent use of the epithet "faggot" in his lyrics and on Twitter. He has denied accusations of homophobia, stating, "I'm not homophobic. I just say "faggot" and use "gay" as an adjective to describe stupid shit," and, "I'm not homophobic. I just think "faggot" hits and hurts people." However, he later said in an interview with MTV about the slurs, "Well, I have gay fans and they don't really take it offensive, so I don't know. If it offends you, it offends you. If you call me a nigger, I really don't care, but that's just me, personally. Some people might take it the other way; I personally don't give a shit." Okonma openly supported fellow Odd Future member Frank Ocean after Ocean publicly revealed a past relationship with another young man. Lyrics on the album "Flower Boy" led to speculation that Okonma himself was coming out as gay. The tracks in question were "Foreword", "Garden Shed", and "I Ain't Got Time!"


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On March 15, 2014, Okonma was arrested in Austin, Texas for inciting a riot after telling fans to push their way past security guards at his South by Southwest performance. Due to this incident, Tyler faced up to one year in prison and a $4000 fine. Tyler's lawyer, Perry Minton, argued that the riot charge was overblown and perpetuated misconceptions of his client, who has no previous arrests. These charges were later dropped.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On August 26, 2015, Okonma revealed that he had been banned from visiting the United Kingdom for three to five years, which forced him to cancel a string of tour dates supporting the "Cherry Bomb" album, including the Reading and Leeds Festivals. The reason for the ban comes from lyrics dating back to 2009. His manager Christian Clancy said they were informed of the ban via a letter from then-Home Secretary Theresa May. May cited lyrics from the mixtape "Bastard" as the reason for the ban, although Okonma had toured multiple times in the UK since its release. Okonma later said that he felt he had been treated like a terrorist and implied that the ban was racially motivated, stating that "they did not like the fact that their children were idolizing a black man." According to the BBC, it is believed the ban was lifted in February 2019, concurring with a scheduled performance in London to promote his fifth studio album, "Igor". However, this show was forcibly cancelled by police due to safety concerns: the venue was claimed to be "overcrowded" and "too rowdy."


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On August 31, 2018, Eminem's single "Fall" called Okonma a homophobic slur and claimed Okonma explored sexuality in his music for more attention. Eminem also attacked Okonma for being critical of his single "Walk On Water" and "Shady XV" (2014). After receiving backlash for his lyrics, Eminem responded in an interview with Sway, saying, "I think the word that I called him was one of the things where I felt like this might be too far. In my quest to hurt him, I realized I was hurting a lot of other people. It was one of the things that I kept going back to. Not feeling right with this". In an interview with "The Guardian", Okonma responded, saying, "[The "Fall" line] was okay. Did you ever hear me publicly say anything about that? I knew what the intent was. He felt pressured because people got offended for me. We were playing "Grand Theft Auto" when we heard it. We rewound it and [shrugged]. Then kept playing".


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: In June 2019, after "Igor" debuted at number 1 on the "Billboard" 200 over DJ Khaled's album "Father of Asahd", DJ Khaled posted a video on Instagram, criticizing Okonma's music saying, "I make albums so people can play it and you actually hear it. [If] driving your car, you hear another car playing it, go to the barbershop, you hear them playing it [and] turn the radio on, and you hear them playing it. It's called great music. It's called albums [where] you actually hear the songs. Not mysterious shit you never hear". He then deleted the video.


title: Tyler, the Creator

text: On August 6, 2021, Okonma spoke about the DJ Khaled controversy on Hot 97, stating that he enjoyed "just watching a man die inside because the weirdo is winning". He claimed that DJ Khaled "had to deal with that because his whole identity is being number one and when he didn't get that, that sat with him longer in real life time than that moment. I moved on." Okonma made multiple references to "mysterious music" on Twitter, writing "MYSTERIOUS MUSIC! HA!" after winning Best Rap Album at the 2022 Grammy Awards for "Call Me If You Get Lost".


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: The Rookie is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Alexi Hawley for ABC. The series follows John Nolan, a man in his forties, who becomes the oldest rookie at the Los Angeles Police Department. The series is produced by ABC Signature and Entertainment One; it is based on real-life Los Angeles Police Department officer William Norcross, who moved to Los Angeles in 2015 and joined the department in his mid-40s.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: The series stars Nathan Fillion, Alyssa Diaz, Richard T. Jones, Titus Makin Jr., Melissa O'Neil, Afton Williamson, Mekia Cox, Shawn Ashmore and Eric Winter. "The Rookie" premiered on October 16, 2018. The first season ran until April 16, 2019. The second season ran from September 29, 2019, to May 10, 2020. The third season ran from January 3 to May 16, 2021. In May 2021, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2021. In March 2022, the series was renewed for a fifth season which premiered on September 25, 2022.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: The series follows John Nolan, a forty-five-year-old newly divorced man from Pennsylvania, who, after inadvertently helping police officers during a bank robbery, moves to Los Angeles to pursue a new career as a police officer in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). After graduating from the Police Academy as the oldest rookie on the force, Nolan must navigate the dangerous, unpredictable nature of his job and is determined to make it in his new career despite the challenges.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: Series lead Nathan Fillion stated during an interview that the drama was inspired by a true story as the LAPD is one of just two agencies that accepts new officers over the age of 37. The man whose story inspired the premise of the show was later revealed to be Bill Norcross, a college friend of executive producer Jon Steinberg, who based the show on his story. Norcross continues to serve in the LAPD and also as executive producer on "The Rookie".


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: On October 26, 2017, ABC announced a straight-to-series order for "The Rookie", starring "Castle" star Nathan Fillion, and written by "Castle" executive producer and co-showrunner Alexi Hawley. Fillion and Hawley serve as executive producers, along with Mark Gordon, Nicholas Pepper, Michelle Chapman, and Jon Steinberg. The series is produced by ABC Studios and The Mark Gordon Company, and premiered on October 16, 2018. On November 5, 2018, "The Rookie" was picked up for full season of 20 episodes. On May 10, 2019, ABC renewed the series for a second season which premiered on September 29, 2019. On October 28, 2019, the series received a full season order of 20 episodes for the second season.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: On May 21, 2020, ABC renewed the series for a third season which premiered on January 3, 2021. On May 14, 2021, ABC renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2021. On March 30, 2022, ABC renewed the series for a fifth season which premiered on September 25, 2022.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: With the series order in October 2017, Fillion was cast as John Nolan. On February 7, 2018, Afton Williamson and Eric Winter were cast as Talia Bishop and Tim Bradford, respectively. They were shortly followed by Melissa O'Neil as Lucy Chen, Richard T. Jones as Sergeant Wade Grey, Titus Makin as Jackson West, Alyssa Diaz as Angela Lopez, and Mercedes Mason as Captain Zoe Andersen.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: On August 4, 2019, it was announced that Williamson would not be returning for the second season due to the alleged racial discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual assault she suffered during the first season. On October 2, 2019, Mekia Cox joined the cast as a new series regular, Nyla Harper, for the second season.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: In January 2018, Liz Friedlander signed on to direct and executive produce the pilot. Production on the pilot began on March 7, 2018, with filming taking place in Los Angeles, Oxnard, Burbank and New York City. On April 15, 2021, police received a call of a possible shooting while filming was taking place between Hartford Avenue and West 5th Street in Los Angeles. Three gunshots were heard by various eyewitnesses and the production crew confirmed no one from the show was injured during the incident. Filming in the area was shut down as a result of the reports but filming continued at other already scheduled locations. Following the death of cinematographer Halyna Hutchins on October 21, 2021, on the set of the film "Rust", live weapons were banned from "The Rookie" while filming. Prior to the ban, the series occasionally used quarter or half rounds on large outdoor set pieces. Showrunner Alexi Hawley stated that "any risk is too much risk" and explained that, going forward, only airsoft guns would be used, with muzzle flashes being added in post production using computer-generated imagery.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: On July 26, 2019, "TVLine" reported that Afton Williamson, who portrays Talia Bishop, would not be returning for the second season. While the outlet initially claimed that the split was amicable, Williamson, in a lengthy Instagram post, stated that she had left the series due to having "experienced racial discrimination/racially charged inappropriate comments from the hair department." Williamson also alleged that she was sexually harassed by guest star Demetrius Grosse, who portrays Kevin Wolfe in a recurring role, as well as an incident of bullying that escalated into sexual assault at a party; the head of the hair department was identified as Sallie Ciganovich. Williamson claimed that she had gone to the showrunners multiple times with these allegations, but was ignored.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: Everyone involved in the allegations denied them. An investigation was commissioned through the law firm Mitchell Sillerberg and Knupp along with a third-party firm, EXTTI, which conducted nearly 400 hours of interviews and examined video and other evidence. The results of the investigation were published on September 17, 2019, which found that the allegations made by Williamson had no merit and could not be proven. Williamson stood by her claims, calling the results of the investigation "heartbreaking" and postulated that the producers had lied to cover up the truth of what happened.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: "The Rookie" is broadcast in the United States on ABC. The first season aired on Tuesday, while the second season aired on Sunday. "The Rookie" has been licensed in more than 180 countries and territories.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: The first season was released on DVD in Region1 on August27, 2019, and in Region4 (Australia) on January22, 2020.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: On February 8, 2022, ABC ordered a pilot for a planned FBI spin-off of the series starring Niecy Nash. It was introduced in a two-episode backdoor pilot during the fourth season. On March 9, 2022, Kat Foster and Felix Solis joined the cast of the spin-off. Also that month, Frankie Faison joined the cast. On May 13, 2022, ABC gave a series order under the title "The Rookie: Feds". It was then reported that the series had undergone creative tweaks that cut Foster's character, Special Agent Casey Fox. In June 2022, Britt Robertson, Kevin Zegers and James Lesure joined the cast as series regulars.


title: The Rookie (TV series)

text: The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 6.33/10 based on 22 reviews for the first season. The website's consensus reads, "Nathan Fillion's reliably likable presence makes "The Rookie" worth tuning in, even if the show around him isn't particularly memorable." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 64 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Black hole

text: A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon. Although it has a great effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, it has no locally detectable features according to general relativity. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes, making it essentially impossible to observe directly.


title: Black hole

text: Objects whose gravitational fields are too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. In 1916, Karl Schwarzschild found the first modern solution of general relativity that would characterize a black hole. David Finkelstein, in 1958, first published the interpretation of "black hole" as a region of space from which nothing can escape. Black holes were long considered a mathematical curiosity; it was not until the 1960s that theoretical work showed they were a generic prediction of general relativity. The discovery of neutron stars by Jocelyn Bell Burnell in 1967 sparked interest in gravitationally collapsed compact objects as a possible astrophysical reality. The first black hole known was Cygnus X-1, identified by several researchers independently in 1971.


title: Black hole

text: Black holes of stellar mass form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed, it can grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. Supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses () may form by absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes. There is consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centres of most galaxies.


title: Black hole

text: The presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Any matter that falls onto a black hole can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming quasars, some of the brightest objects in the universe. Stars passing too close to a supermassive black hole can be shredded into streamers that shine very brightly before being "swallowed." If other stars are orbiting a black hole, their orbits can determine the black hole's mass and location. Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems and established that the radio source known as Sagittarius A*, at the core of the Milky Way galaxy, contains a supermassive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses.


title: Black hole

text: On 11 February 2016, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo collaboration announced the first direct detection of gravitational waves, representing the first observation of a black hole merger. On 10 April 2019, the first direct image of a black hole and its vicinity was published, following observations made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) in 2017 of the supermassive black hole in Messier 87's galactic centre. , the nearest known body thought to be a black hole is around away (see list of nearest black holes). Though only a couple dozen black holes have been found so far in the Milky Way, there are thought to be hundreds of millions, most of which are solitary and do not cause emission of radiation. Therefore, they would only be detectable by gravitational lensing.


title: Black hole

text: The idea of a body so big that even light could not escape was briefly proposed by English astronomical pioneer and clergyman John Michell in a letter published in November 1784. Michell's simplistic calculations assumed such a body might have the same density as the Sun, and concluded that one would form when a star's diameter exceeds the Sun's by a factor of 500, and its surface escape velocity exceeds the usual speed of light. Michell referred to these bodies as dark stars. He correctly noted that such supermassive but non-radiating bodies might be detectable through their gravitational effects on nearby visible bodies. Scholars of the time were initially excited by the proposal that giant but invisible 'dark stars' might be hiding in plain view, but enthusiasm dampened when the wavelike nature of light became apparent in the early nineteenth century, as if light were a wave rather than a particle, it was unclear what, if any, influence gravity would have on escaping light waves.


title: Black hole

text: Modern physics discredits Michell's notion of a light ray shooting directly from the surface of a supermassive star, being slowed down by the star's gravity, stopping, and then free-falling back to the star's surface.


title: Black hole

text: In 1915, Albert Einstein developed his theory of general relativity, having earlier shown that gravity does influence light's motion. Only a few months later, Karl Schwarzschild found a solution to the Einstein field equations that describes the gravitational field of a point mass and a spherical mass. A few months after Schwarzschild, Johannes Droste, a student of Hendrik Lorentz, independently gave the same solution for the point mass and wrote more extensively about its properties. This solution had a peculiar behaviour at what is now called the Schwarzschild radius, where it became singular, meaning that some of the terms in the Einstein equations became infinite. The nature of this surface was not quite understood at the time. In 1924, Arthur Eddington showed that the singularity disappeared after a change of coordinates (see Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates), although it took until 1933 for Georges Lemaître to realize that this meant the singularity at the Schwarzschild radius was a non-physical coordinate singularity. Arthur Eddington did however comment on the possibility of a star with mass compressed to the Schwarzschild radius in a 1926 book, noting that Einstein's theory allows us to rule out overly large densities for visible stars like Betelgeuse because "a star of 250 million km radius could not possibly have so high a density as the Sun. Firstly, the force of gravitation would be so great that light would be unable to escape from it, the rays falling back to the star like a stone to the earth. Secondly, the red shift of the spectral lines would be so great that the spectrum would be shifted out of existence. Thirdly, the mass would produce so much curvature of the spacetime metric that space would close up around the star, leaving us outside (i.e., nowhere)."


title: Black hole

text: In 1931, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated, using special relativity, that a non-rotating body of electron-degenerate matter above a certain limiting mass (now called the Chandrasekhar limit at ) has no stable solutions. His arguments were opposed by many of his contemporaries like Eddington and Lev Landau, who argued that some yet unknown mechanism would stop the collapse. They were partly correct: a white dwarf slightly more massive than the Chandrasekhar limit will collapse into a neutron star, which is itself stable. But in 1939, Robert Oppenheimer and others predicted that neutron stars above another limit (the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit) would collapse further for the reasons presented by Chandrasekhar, and concluded that no law of physics was likely to intervene and stop at least some stars from collapsing to black holes. Their original calculations, based on the Pauli exclusion principle, gave it as ; subsequent consideration of neutron-neutron repulsion mediated by the strong force raised the estimate to approximately to . Observations of the neutron star merger GW170817, which is thought to have generated a black hole shortly afterward, have refined the TOV limit estimate to ~.


title: Black hole

text: Oppenheimer and his co-authors interpreted the singularity at the boundary of the Schwarzschild radius as indicating that this was the boundary of a bubble in which time stopped. This is a valid point of view for external observers, but not for infalling observers. Because of this property, the collapsed stars were called "frozen stars", because an outside observer would see the surface of the star frozen in time at the instant where its collapse takes it to the Schwarzschild radius.


title: Black hole

text: In 1958, David Finkelstein identified the Schwarzschild surface as an event horizon, "a perfect unidirectional membrane: causal influences can cross it in only one direction". This did not strictly contradict Oppenheimer's results, but extended them to include the point of view of infalling observers. Finkelstein's solution extended the Schwarzschild solution for the future of observers falling into a black hole. A complete extension had already been found by Martin Kruskal, who was urged to publish it.


title: Black hole

text: These results came at the beginning of the golden age of general relativity, which was marked by general relativity and black holes becoming mainstream subjects of research. This process was helped by the discovery of pulsars by Jocelyn Bell Burnell in 1967, which, by 1969, were shown to be rapidly rotating neutron stars. Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.


title: Black hole

text: In this period more general black hole solutions were found. In 1963, Roy Kerr found the exact solution for a rotating black hole. Two years later, Ezra Newman found the axisymmetric solution for a black hole that is both rotating and electrically charged. Through the work of Werner Israel, Brandon Carter, and David Robinson the no-hair theorem emerged, stating that a stationary black hole solution is completely described by the three parameters of the Kerr–Newman metric: mass, angular momentum, and electric charge.


title: Black hole

text: At first, it was suspected that the strange features of the black hole solutions were pathological artifacts from the symmetry conditions imposed, and that the singularities would not appear in generic situations. This view was held in particular by Vladimir Belinsky, Isaak Khalatnikov, and Evgeny Lifshitz, who tried to prove that no singularities appear in generic solutions. However, in the late 1960s Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking used global techniques to prove that singularities appear generically. For this work, Penrose received half of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, Hawking having died in 2018. Based on observations in Greenwich and Toronto in the early 1970s, Cygnus X-1, a galactic X-ray source discovered in 1964, became the first astronomical object commonly accepted to be a black hole.


title: Black hole

text: Work by James Bardeen, Jacob Bekenstein, Carter, and Hawking in the early 1970s led to the formulation of black hole thermodynamics. These laws describe the behaviour of a black hole in close analogy to the laws of thermodynamics by relating mass to energy, area to entropy, and surface gravity to temperature. The analogy was completed when Hawking, in 1974, showed that quantum field theory implies that black holes should radiate like a black body with a temperature proportional to the surface gravity of the black hole, predicting the effect now known as Hawking radiation.


title: Black hole

text: John Michell used the term "dark star" in a November 1783 letter to Henry Cavendish, and in the early 20th century, physicists used the term "gravitationally collapsed object". Science writer Marcia Bartusiak traces the term "black hole" to physicist Robert H. Dicke, who in the early 1960s reportedly compared the phenomenon to the Black Hole of Calcutta, notorious as a prison where people entered but never left alive.


title: Black hole

text: The term "black hole" was used in print by "Life" and "Science News" magazines in 1963, and by science journalist Ann Ewing in her article Black Holes' in Space", dated 18 January 1964, which was a report on a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in Cleveland, Ohio.


title: Black hole

text: In December 1967, a student reportedly suggested the phrase "black hole" at a lecture by John Wheeler; Wheeler adopted the term for its brevity and "advertising value", and it quickly caught on, leading some to credit Wheeler with coining the phrase.


title: Black hole

text: The no-hair theorem postulates that, once it achieves a stable condition after formation, a black hole has only three independent physical properties: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum; the black hole is otherwise featureless. If the conjecture is true, any two black holes that share the same values for these properties, or parameters, are indistinguishable from one another. The degree to which the conjecture is true for real black holes under the laws of modern physics is currently an unsolved problem.


title: Black hole

text: These properties are special because they are visible from outside a black hole. For example, a charged black hole repels other like charges just like any other charged object. Similarly, the total mass inside a sphere containing a black hole can be found by using the gravitational analog of Gauss's law (through the ADM mass), far away from the black hole. Likewise, the angular momentum (or spin) can be measured from far away using frame dragging by the gravitomagnetic field, through for example the Lense–Thirring effect.


title: Black hole

text: When an object falls into a black hole, any information about the shape of the object or distribution of charge on it is evenly distributed along the horizon of the black hole, and is lost to outside observers. The behavior of the horizon in this situation is a dissipative system that is closely analogous to that of a conductive stretchy membrane with friction and electrical resistance—the membrane paradigm. This is different from other field theories such as electromagnetism, which do not have any friction or resistivity at the microscopic level, because they are time-reversible. Because a black hole eventually achieves a stable state with only three parameters, there is no way to avoid losing information about the initial conditions: the gravitational and electric fields of a black hole give very little information about what went in. The information that is lost includes every quantity that cannot be measured far away from the black hole horizon, including approximately conserved quantum numbers such as the total baryon number and lepton number. This behavior is so puzzling that it has been called the black hole information loss paradox.


title: Black hole

text: The simplest static black holes have mass but neither electric charge nor angular momentum. These black holes are often referred to as Schwarzschild black holes after Karl Schwarzschild who discovered this solution in 1916. According to Birkhoff's theorem, it is the only vacuum solution that is spherically symmetric. This means there is no observable difference at a distance between the gravitational field of such a black hole and that of any other spherical object of the same mass. The popular notion of a black hole "sucking in everything" in its surroundings is therefore correct only near a black hole's horizon; far away, the external gravitational field is identical to that of any other body of the same mass.


title: Black hole

text: Solutions describing more general black holes also exist. Non-rotating charged black holes are described by the Reissner–Nordström metric, while the Kerr metric describes a non-charged rotating black hole. The most general stationary black hole solution known is the Kerr–Newman metric, which describes a black hole with both charge and angular momentum.


title: Black hole

text: While the mass of a black hole can take any positive value, the charge and angular momentum are constrained by the mass. The total electric charge "Q" and the total angular momentum "J" are expected to satisfy the inequality


title: Black hole

text: for a black hole of mass "M". Black holes with the minimum possible mass satisfying this inequality are called extremal. Solutions of Einstein's equations that violate this inequality exist, but they do not possess an event horizon. These solutions have so-called naked singularities that can be observed from the outside, and hence are deemed "unphysical". The cosmic censorship hypothesis rules out the formation of such singularities, when they are created through the gravitational collapse of realistic matter. This is supported by numerical simulations.


title: Black hole

text: Due to the relatively large strength of the electromagnetic force, black holes forming from the collapse of stars are expected to retain the nearly neutral charge of the star. Rotation, however, is expected to be a universal feature of compact astrophysical objects. The black-hole candidate binary X-ray source GRS 1915+105 appears to have an angular momentum near the maximum allowed value. That uncharged limit is


title: Black hole

text: Black holes are commonly classified according to their mass, independent of angular momentum, "J". The size of a black hole, as determined by the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is proportional to the mass, "M", through


title: Black hole

text: where "r" is the Schwarzschild radius and is the mass of the Sun. For a black hole with nonzero spin and/or electric charge, the radius is smaller, until an extremal black hole could have an event horizon close to


title: Black hole

text: The defining feature of a black hole is the appearance of an event horizon—a boundary in spacetime through which matter and light can pass only inward towards the mass of the black hole. Nothing, not even light, can escape from inside the event horizon. The event horizon is referred to as such because if an event occurs within the boundary, information from that event cannot reach an outside observer, making it impossible to determine whether such an event occurred.


title: Black hole

text: As predicted by general relativity, the presence of a mass deforms spacetime in such a way that the paths taken by particles bend towards the mass. At the event horizon of a black hole, this deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the black hole.


title: Black hole

text: To a distant observer, clocks near a black hole would appear to tick more slowly than those farther away from the black hole. Due to this effect, known as gravitational time dilation, an object falling into a black hole appears to slow as it approaches the event horizon, taking an infinite time to reach it. At the same time, all processes on this object slow down, from the viewpoint of a fixed outside observer, causing any light emitted by the object to appear redder and dimmer, an effect known as gravitational redshift. Eventually, the falling object fades away until it can no longer be seen. Typically this process happens very rapidly with an object disappearing from view within less than a second.


title: Black hole

text: On the other hand, indestructible observers falling into a black hole do not notice any of these effects as they cross the event horizon. According to their own clocks, which appear to them to tick normally, they cross the event horizon after a finite time without noting any singular behaviour; in classical general relativity, it is impossible to determine the location of the event horizon from local observations, due to Einstein's equivalence principle.


title: Black hole

text: The topology of the event horizon of a black hole at equilibrium is always spherical. For non-rotating (static) black holes the geometry of the event horizon is precisely spherical, while for rotating black holes the event horizon is oblate.


title: Black hole

text: At the centre of a black hole, as described by general relativity, may lie a gravitational singularity, a region where the spacetime curvature becomes infinite. For a non-rotating black hole, this region takes the shape of a single point; for a rotating black hole it is smeared out to form a ring singularity that lies in the plane of rotation. In both cases, the singular region has zero volume. It can also be shown that the singular region contains all the mass of the black hole solution. The singular region can thus be thought of as having infinite density.


title: Black hole

text: Observers falling into a Schwarzschild black hole (i.e., non-rotating and not charged) cannot avoid being carried into the singularity once they cross the event horizon. They can prolong the experience by accelerating away to slow their descent, but only up to a limit. When they reach the singularity, they are crushed to infinite density and their mass is added to the total of the black hole. Before that happens, they will have been torn apart by the growing tidal forces in a process sometimes referred to as spaghettification or the "noodle effect".


title: Black hole

text: In the case of a charged (Reissner–Nordström) or rotating (Kerr) black hole, it is possible to avoid the singularity. Extending these solutions as far as possible reveals the hypothetical possibility of exiting the black hole into a different spacetime with the black hole acting as a wormhole. The possibility of traveling to another universe is, however, only theoretical since any perturbation would destroy this possibility. It also appears to be possible to follow closed timelike curves (returning to one's own past) around the Kerr singularity, which leads to problems with causality like the grandfather paradox. It is expected that none of these peculiar effects would survive in a proper quantum treatment of rotating and charged black holes.


title: Black hole

text: The appearance of singularities in general relativity is commonly perceived as signaling the breakdown of the theory. This breakdown, however, is expected; it occurs in a situation where quantum effects should describe these actions, due to the extremely high density and therefore particle interactions. To date, it has not been possible to combine quantum and gravitational effects into a single theory, although there exist attempts to formulate such a theory of quantum gravity. It is generally expected that such a theory will not feature any singularities.


title: Black hole

text: The photon sphere is a spherical boundary of zero thickness in which photons that move on tangents to that sphere would be trapped in a circular orbit about the black hole. For non-rotating black holes, the photon sphere has a radius 1.5 times the Schwarzschild radius. Their orbits would be dynamically unstable, hence any small perturbation, such as a particle of infalling matter, would cause an instability that would grow over time, either setting the photon on an outward trajectory causing it to escape the black hole, or on an inward spiral where it would eventually cross the event horizon.


title: Black hole

text: While light can still escape from the photon sphere, any light that crosses the photon sphere on an inbound trajectory will be captured by the black hole. Hence any light that reaches an outside observer from the photon sphere must have been emitted by objects between the photon sphere and the event horizon. For a Kerr black hole the radius of the photon sphere depends on the spin parameter and on the details of the photon orbit, which can be prograde (the photon rotates in the same sense of the black hole spin) or retrograde.


title: Black hole

text: Rotating black holes are surrounded by a region of spacetime in which it is impossible to stand still, called the ergosphere. This is the result of a process known as frame-dragging; general relativity predicts that any rotating mass will tend to slightly "drag" along the spacetime immediately surrounding it. Any object near the rotating mass will tend to start moving in the direction of rotation. For a rotating black hole, this effect is so strong near the event horizon that an object would have to move faster than the speed of light in the opposite direction to just stand still.


title: Black hole

text: The ergosphere of a black hole is a volume bounded by the black hole's event horizon and the "ergosurface", which coincides with the event horizon at the poles but is at a much greater distance around the equator.


title: Black hole

text: Objects and radiation can escape normally from the ergosphere. Through the Penrose process, objects can emerge from the ergosphere with more energy than they entered with. The extra energy is taken from the rotational energy of the black hole. Thereby the rotation of the black hole slows down. A variation of the Penrose process in the presence of strong magnetic fields, the Blandford–Znajek process is considered a likely mechanism for the enormous luminosity and relativistic jets of quasars and other active galactic nuclei.


title: Black hole

text: In Newtonian gravity, test particles can stably orbit at arbitrary distances from a central object. In general relativity, however, there exists an innermost stable circular orbit (often called the ISCO), inside of which, any infinitesimal perturbations to a circular orbit will lead to inspiral into the black hole. The location of the ISCO depends on the spin of the black hole, in the case of a Schwarzschild black hole (spin zero) is:


title: Black hole

text: and decreases with increasing black hole spin for particles orbiting in the same direction as the spin.


title: Black hole

text: Given the bizarre character of black holes, it was long questioned whether such objects could actually exist in nature or whether they were merely pathological solutions to Einstein's equations. Einstein himself wrongly thought black holes would not form, because he held that the angular momentum of collapsing particles would stabilize their motion at some radius. This led the general relativity community to dismiss all results to the contrary for many years. However, a minority of relativists continued to contend that black holes were physical objects, and by the end of the 1960s, they had persuaded the majority of researchers in the field that there is no obstacle to the formation of an event horizon.


title: Black hole

text: Penrose demonstrated that once an event horizon forms, general relativity without quantum mechanics requires that a singularity will form within. Shortly afterwards, Hawking showed that many cosmological solutions that describe the Big Bang have singularities without scalar fields or other exotic matter (see "Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems"). The Kerr solution, the no-hair theorem, and the laws of black hole thermodynamics showed that the physical properties of black holes were simple and comprehensible, making them respectable subjects for research. Conventional black holes are formed by gravitational collapse of heavy objects such as stars, but they can also in theory be formed by other processes.


title: Black hole

text: Gravitational collapse occurs when an object's internal pressure is insufficient to resist the object's own gravity. For stars this usually occurs either because a star has too little "fuel" left to maintain its temperature through stellar nucleosynthesis, or because a star that would have been stable receives extra matter in a way that does not raise its core temperature. In either case the star's temperature is no longer high enough to prevent it from collapsing under its own weight.


title: Black hole

text: The collapse may be stopped by the degeneracy pressure of the star's constituents, allowing the condensation of matter into an exotic denser state. The result is one of the various types of compact star. Which type forms depends on the mass of the remnant of the original star left if the outer layers have been blown away (for example, in a Type II supernova). The mass of the remnant, the collapsed object that survives the explosion, can be substantially less than that of the original star. Remnants exceeding are produced by stars that were over before the collapse.


title: Black hole

text: If the mass of the remnant exceeds about (the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit), either because the original star was very heavy or because the remnant collected additional mass through accretion of matter, even the degeneracy pressure of neutrons is insufficient to stop the collapse. No known mechanism (except possibly quark degeneracy pressure, see quark star) is powerful enough to stop the implosion and the object will inevitably collapse to form a black hole.


title: Black hole

text: The gravitational collapse of heavy stars is assumed to be responsible for the formation of stellar mass black holes. Star formation in the early universe may have resulted in very massive stars, which upon their collapse would have produced black holes of up to . These black holes could be the seeds of the supermassive black holes found in the centres of most galaxies. It has further been suggested that massive black holes with typical masses of ~ could have formed from the direct collapse of gas clouds in the young universe. These massive objects have been proposed as the seeds that eventually formed the earliest quasars observed already at redshift formula_7. Some candidates for such objects have been found in observations of the young universe.


title: Black hole

text: While most of the energy released during gravitational collapse is emitted very quickly, an outside observer does not actually see the end of this process. Even though the collapse takes a finite amount of time from the reference frame of infalling matter, a distant observer would see the infalling material slow and halt just above the event horizon, due to gravitational time dilation. Light from the collapsing material takes longer and longer to reach the observer, with the light emitted just before the event horizon forms delayed an infinite amount of time. Thus the external observer never sees the formation of the event horizon; instead, the collapsing material seems to become dimmer and increasingly red-shifted, eventually fading away.


title: Black hole

text: Gravitational collapse requires great density. In the current epoch of the universe these high densities are found only in stars, but in the early universe shortly after the Big Bang densities were much greater, possibly allowing for the creation of black holes. High density alone is not enough to allow black hole formation since a uniform mass distribution will not allow the mass to bunch up. In order for primordial black holes to have formed in such a dense medium, there must have been initial density perturbations that could then grow under their own gravity. Different models for the early universe vary widely in their predictions of the scale of these fluctuations. Various models predict the creation of primordial black holes ranging in size from a Planck mass (formula_8 ≈ ≈ ) to hundreds of thousands of solar masses.


title: Black hole

text: Despite the early universe being extremely dense—far denser than is usually required to form a black hole—it did not re-collapse into a black hole during the Big Bang. Models for the gravitational collapse of objects of relatively constant size, such as stars, do not necessarily apply in the same way to rapidly expanding space such as the Big Bang.