title: David Guetta

text: On 1 December 2017, Guetta released his long-awaited single "So Far Away" being released on Garrix's label Stmpd Rcrds. The single version contained vocals from Jamie Scott and Romy Dya. Ellie Goulding's vocals were cut from the song as her label was pushing back the release. That is the reason why the two DJs decided to replace her and use the vocals of Romy Dya. On 25 January 2018 Guetta released a remix version of Sia's Helium along with Dutch DJ Afrojack. This marks Guetta's and Sia's sixth collaboration.


title: David Guetta

text: On 16 February 2018, David Guetta released his new song "Mad Love", together with Sean Paul and Becky G. A few months before the release Sean Paul reported that Shakira would be the singer of the song, but she has been replaced by Becky G. A week later, Guetta released his second collaboration with Martin Garrix and Dutch DJ Brooks entitled "Like I Do". Guetta's seventh collaboration with Sia, "Flames", was released on 22 March 2018.


title: David Guetta

text: On 29 June 2018, Guetta announced in an interview with "Billboard China" that he was almost finished working on his seventh studio album and that it would be released after the summer of 2018. During that summer when he played "Tomorrowland", a video emerged of Guetta apparently playing a remixed version of the Spanish Falangist anthem "Cara al Sol" used during Francisco Franco's dictatorship. However, the video was confirmed to have been faked. On 23 August, Guetta confirmed the album's title as "7" and revealed its track list, including the singles "2U", "Like I Do", "Flames" and "Don't Leave Me Alone". The album also included the Bebe Rexha and J Balvin featured single, "Say My Name". In December 2019, Guetta led a DJ set at an Avicii tribute concert where he previewed a previously unheard collaboration with Avicii, Giorgio Tuinfort and Afrojack. In Guetta's own words, he played the "Before I Say Goodbye" for the first and probably only time during the concert. It features British singer-songwriter Amanda Wilson.


title: David Guetta

text: On 11 September 2020, David Guetta and Sia reunited for new single "Let's Love". The single was produced and recorded during isolation.


title: David Guetta

text: On 17 July 2020, Guetta and Morten released their "New Rave" EP. Guetta and Morten started the new future rave sound movement in late 2019. Less than a year later, the duo amassed more than 110 million combined streams. It consists of four new tracks “Kill Me Slow”, “Nothing”, “Bombardment”, and “Odyssey”. Their record collection includes “Never Be Alone" feat Aloe Blacc, “Make It To Heaven” with Raye, the tribute remix of Avicii's “Heaven” and “Detroit 3 AM”.


title: David Guetta

text: On 18 April 2020, Guetta performed poolside, overlooking the Downtown Miami skyline and the waters of the Biscayne Bay from his location at the Icon Brickell. Funds were raised for the World Health Organisation, Feeding South Florida, Feeding America, and the .


title: David Guetta

text: On 30 May 2020, Guetta performed at New York City's Top of the Rock Observation Deck at Rockefeller Center for the second edition of United At Home to a virtual crowd of over 24 million to benefit COVID-19 relief efforts. The event, titled "Major League Soccer and Heineken presents United at Home", raised half a million dollars for Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City, Feeding America, World Health Organization and . The performance was the second edition of “United At Home,” following Guetta's first fundraiser in Miami which raised more than US$750,000 for global charities and drew more than 25 million online views. Funds raised went directly to The Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City, chaired by First Lady Chirlane McCray, which is New York City's official fundraising arm for COVID-19 relief.


title: David Guetta

text: On 7 November 2020, Guetta won DJ Mag's annual Top 100 DJs poll for the second time, almost a decade after he first took the No.1 spot in 2011. Guetta was presented his award during AMF Presents Top 100 DJs, a virtual awards show in Amsterdam that was broadcast to the world. On 31 December 2020, Guetta presented a New Year's Eve virtual concert from Musée du Louvre, "United at Home – Paris Edition", as a fundraiser for UNICEF and Restos du Cœur. On 20 May 2021, Guetta released his new single "Heartbreak Anthem" in collaboration with Little Mix and Galantis.


title: David Guetta

text: On 17 June 2021, Warner Music acquired rights to Guetta's recorded music catalog from the last two decades.


title: David Guetta

text: In March 2022, Guetta and Morten announced a joint US tour, which concluded at EDC Las Vegas on 21 May 2022. They also announced a residency at Hï Ibiza to take place every Friday from 3 June to 30 September 2022.


title: David Guetta

text: On 8 April 2022, Guetta released the song "Crazy What Love Can Do" with British singer-songwriters Becky Hill and Ella Henderson. On 2 September 2022, Guetta teamed up with British DJ and producer Sigala alongside British singer-songwriter Sam Ryder on the song "Living Without You".


title: David Guetta

text: Guetta married nightclub manager Cathy Lobé in 1992. They have two children: son Tim Elvis Eric (born 9 February 2004) and daughter Angie (born 23 September 2007). After twenty-two years of marriage, the Guettas divorced in a Paris court in March 2014. Neither party was present at the hearing and the reason for their divorce is unknown.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: Joanna Noëlle Levesque (born December 20, 1990), known professionally as JoJo, is an American singer and actress. She began performing in singing competitions and local talent shows as a child. In 2003, record producer Vincent Herbert noticed her after she competed on the television show "America's Most Talented Kids" and asked her to audition for his record label Blackground Records. After signing with the label, JoJo released her eponymous debut studio album in 2004. It peaked at number four on the US "Billboard" 200 and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), selling over four million copies worldwide to date.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: With her debut single "Leave (Get Out)" peaking atop the US "Billboard" Mainstream Top 40 chart, JoJo became the youngest solo artist in history to top the chart at age 13. The song peaked at 12 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA along with its follow-up single "Baby It's You". Her second studio album "The High Road" (2006) spawned her first top-five Hot 100 hit "Too Little Too Late", peaking at number three, becoming her first single to be certified platinum by the RIAA. The album was later certified gold, selling over three million copies worldwide to date.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: Record label disputes delayed JoJo from commercially releasing her third studio album; she released two mixtapes independently, "Can't Take That Away from Me" (2010) and "Agápē" (2012). After her contractual release, JoJo signed with Atlantic Records in 2014 and released her first commercial EP "III" (2015), followed by her third studio album "Mad Love" (2016), which became her third top-ten album in the US. She left Atlantic in 2017 and founded her record label Clover Music through a joint venture with Warner Records, where she re-recorded and re-released her debut and second albums as the label's first project in 2018. JoJo's fourth studio album "Good to Know" was released in May 2020, preceded by its first single, "Man". In October, she released her first Christmas album called "December Baby". By 2007, JoJo had sold more than seven million records worldwide, including 2.1 million albums and four million digital downloads in the United States.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In addition to her music career, JoJo has also pursued an acting career. In 2006, she made her on-screen feature film debut in "Aquamarine" and "R.V." alongside Robin Williams. She has also had guest appearances on the television shows "The Bernie Mac Show" (2002), "American Dreams" (2004), "Romeo!" (2006), "Hawaii Five-0" (2011) and "Lethal Weapon" (2017). Other films JoJo has appeared in include the Lifetime Television film "True Confessions of a Hollywood Starlet" (2008) and "G.B.F." (2013).


title: JoJo (singer)

text: Joanna Noëlle Levesque was born on December 20, 1990, in Brattleboro, Vermont, but raised in Keene, New Hampshire, and Foxborough, Massachusetts. She is of French-Canadian, English, Scottish, Irish, and Polish descent. Her father, Joel Maurice Levesque (January 8, 1955–November 14, 2015), sang as a hobby, and her mother, Diana Levesque (née Blagden) sang in a Catholic church choir and was trained in musical theater. JoJo's parents divorced when she was four years old, and she was raised as an only child by her mother. The name JoJo was a childhood nickname.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: As a child, JoJo listened as her mother practiced hymns. She started singing when she was two years old by imitating everything from nursery rhymes to R&B, jazz, and soul tunes. As a child, JoJo enjoyed attending Native American festivals and acted locally in professional theaters.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: At age seven, JoJo appeared on the television show "" with American comedian and actor Bill Cosby, and she sang a song from singer Cher. After auditioning in the television show "Destination Stardom", JoJo sang Aretha Franklin's 1967 hit "Respect" and "Chain of Fools". Soon after, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" contacted her, inviting her to perform. At age eleven, she performed on "Maury" during a "kids-with-talent" episode in 2002.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: At age six, JoJo was offered a record deal, but her mother turned it down because she believed JoJo was too young for a music career. After appearing on various talk shows, the McDonald's Gospelfest, performing Whitney Houston's "I Believe in You and Me" and competing on the television show, "America's Most Talented Kids" (losing to Diana DeGarmo), record producer Vincent Herbert contacted her and asked her to audition for Blackground Records. During her audition for Barry Hankerson, Hankerson told her that the spirit of his niece, the late singer Aaliyah, had brought her to him. She was signed to the label, and had recording sessions with producers The Underdogs and Soulshock & Karlin. JoJo's live demo, "Joanna Levesque", recorded in 2001, features covers of soul and R&B songs, including Mack Rice's 1965 "Mustang Sally", Etta James's 1989 "It Ain't Always What You Do (It's Who You Let See You Do It)", Aretha Franklin's 1968 "Chain of Fools" and 1969 "The House That Jack Built", The Moonglows' 1956 "See Saw", Stevie Wonder's 1972 "Superstition", and The Temptations' 1975 "Shakey Ground".


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In 2003, at age 12, JoJo signed with Blackground Records and Da Family and began working with producers for her first album. JoJo's gold-certified debut single "Leave (Get Out)" was released in 2004. Before the album's release, JoJo embarked on her first ever tour, the Cingular Buddy Bash with pop rock singer Fefe Dobson, hip hop duo Young Gunz, alternative metal band Zebrahead, and teen pop stars Ryan Cabrera and Busted. Like debut tours by Tiffany and Britney Spears before her, it stopped at nine malls, starting at Atlanta's Northlake Mall and ending at South Shore Plaza near her hometown of Foxborough. When the single reached number one on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, she became, at age thirteen, the youngest solo artist to have a number-one single in the United States. The first single was nominated for Best New Artist at the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards, which made JoJo the youngest MTV Video Music Award nominee. Her first album, the platinum-selling "JoJo", was released in 2004, peaking at number four on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 and number ten on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, selling 95,000 copies in its first week and reaching the top forty of the UK Albums Chart. In December 2004, she was nominated for Female New Artist of the Year and Mainstream Top 40 Single of the Year at the Billboard Music Awards. She is also the youngest artist to be nominated at the Billboard Music Awards. Her second single, released in September 2004, the gold-selling "Baby It's You" – which features rapper Bow Wow – peaked at number twenty-two in the U.S. and number eight in the UK. The final single from the album, "Not That Kinda Girl", was released in 2005 and peaked at number eighty-five in Germany.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In 2005, JoJo participated in "Come Together Now", a charity single to benefit the victims of the 2004 Asian tsunami and the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. That year, she was requested by First Lady Laura Bush to perform at the 2004 Christmas in Washington special, broadcast by TNT and hosted by Dr. Phil and his wife Robin McGraw. JoJo hosted and performed at the Hope Rocks Concert in 2005 to benefit City of Hope National Medical Center, and co-hosted the 2006 TV Guide Channel's countdown to the Grammy Awards. In 2005, she was offered a role on the Disney Channel television series "Hannah Montana", but she turned down the role in favor of developing her music career.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In 2006 JoJo was cast opposite Emma Roberts and Sara Paxton in "Aquamarine", playing Hailey. The film opened on March 3, 2006, opening at number five with $7.5 million. Her second major film, "RV", a comedy starring Robin Williams, was released on April 28, 2006. It opened at number one and grossed $69.7 million. JoJo had to audition for the part five times, and eventually replaced an actress who had already been cast in the role. JoJo's second album, "The High Road", was released on October 17, 2006. The album debuted at number three on the "Billboard" 200, selling 108,000 units. It was produced by Scott Storch, Swizz Beatz, J. R. Rotem, Corey Williams, Soulshock & Karlin and Ryan Leslie. It received mainly positive reviews. In the summer of 2006, the lead single from her second album, "Too Little Too Late", was released to radio stations. "Too Little Too Late" broke the record for the biggest jump into the top three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, moving from number 66 to number three in one week; this record was previously held by Mariah Carey with her 2001 single "Loverboy", which went from number 60 to number two. The album's second single, "How to Touch a Girl", experienced less success. It charted just outside the "Billboard" Hot 100 and peaked at number 76 on the "Billboard" Pop 100. "Anything" was released as the third single to little success. The album sold over 550,000 copies and was certified gold by the RIAA in December 2006.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: On July 20, 2007, JoJo's version of "Beautiful Girls" by Sean Kingston leaked on the internet titled "Beautiful Girls Reply". It debuted at number thirty-nine on the "Billboard" Rhythmic Top 40 chart one month later. In late 2007, JoJo stated that she would be writing songs for her third album, to be released when she turned 18. She said she wanted her fans to "see growth" in her music.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In an April 2008 interview, JoJo stated that she was writing and producing an upcoming album in Boston and Atlanta. On August 30, 2008, JoJo posted her own version of the song "Can't Believe It", originally performed by T-Pain. On June 3, 2009, JoJo stated on her YouTube account that she was waiting for her record label to sign a distribution deal to release her album. In a few months time, nearly 20 of her songs were leaked through a YouTube channel. In August 2009, it was reported that JoJo filed a lawsuit in New York against her record label Da Family Entertainment for putting her in musical limbo. She reportedly sought $500,000 for her troubles and to be released from her contract. JoJo was released from her contract in October 2009 and a deal was reached with Blackground Records to have JoJo's third album distributed by Interscope Records.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In late 2009, JoJo appeared on Timbaland's "Shock Value II" as a featuring artist on the song "Lose Control". She also appeared as a background vocalist on "Timothy Where You Been" from the same album with the Australian band Jet. On September 10, JoJo revealed that she would be traveling to Toronto to film a small screen adaptation of Lola Douglas' "True Confessions of a Hollywood Starlet" and play the role of Morgan Carter, with Valerie Bertinelli and Shenae Grimes. It was broadcast on Lifetime Television on August 9, 2008, and released on DVD on March 3, 2009.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: "Can't Take That Away from Me" was released as JoJo's first mixtape in September 2010 and spawned the single "In the Dark". In late 2010, JoJo made cameo appearances in music videos for Keri Hilson and Clinton Sparks. In January 2011, JoJo was cast in an episode of CBS's "Hawaii Five-0" as Courtney Russell, the daughter of a Tsunami Warning Center scientist who goes missing on the eve of a big storm hitting the Honolulu coast. In February 2011, JoJo uploaded a video to YouTube announcing that she was shooting a video for her song "The Other Chick" and that she had changed the title of the album from "All I Want Is Everything" to "Jumping Trains", stating that she had desires to "represent something different; something fresh". Her actual first lead single "The Other Chick" was supposed to release digitally but the label decided to make it as a buzz single. In June 2011, she released a remix of rapper Drake's song "Marvin's Room", renamed "Marvin's Room (Can't Do Better)" through Rap-Up's YouTube channel. JoJo rewrote the song from a female perspective to express a frustration towards an ex-lover and his supposed new girlfriend. Drake himself expressed his appreciation for her interpretation.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: On August 29, 2011, "Disaster" was released to U.S. radio. The song saw her continue in a similar style to her previous hits, which was praised by critics for not "jumping on the synthpop bandwagon", but also criticized for not showing much progression after a five-year hiatus. "Disaster" debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 87, but fell off the chart the next week. This gave JoJo her first charting single since "Too Little Too Late" in 2006. The single failed to impact any chart internationally. In support of the single, she opened for the Joe Jonas & Jay Sean Tour. JoJo gave her first televised performance of the song on "Good Day Dallas" on September 29, and later performed on a small promotional tour for "Pinktober" in order to raise money for breast cancer research during the month of October. A music video for the song premiered on JoJo's website in November 2011. In August 2011, JoJo signed a promotional deal with HeartSoul clothing to become the new face for their Fall/Winter collection. In December 2011, JoJo signed a deal with skin care brand Clearasil to become the new spokeswoman for Clearasil's PerfectaWash.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In October 2012, JoJo was cast and began working on the film "G.B.F." JoJo was cast as Soledad Braunstein who is the President of the Gay Straight Alliance. The film was shot in Los Angeles over 18 days by director Darren Stein. In early 2012, JoJo toured with Big Time Rush for five dates of their Better with U Tour. A promotional single, "Sexy to Me", was made available for purchase on iTunes and Amazon on February 28, 2012. JoJo, wanting to go in a new direction with the album, released "Demonstrate", produced by Noah "40" Shebib, on July 17, 2012. Its release as a single was eventually scrapped for reasons unknown despite a music video already having been filmed.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: After Blackground Records lost their distribution deal through Interscope Records in late 2012, resulting once again in the delay of the release of an album, JoJo began recording new material specifically for a new mixtape to be released by the end of the year, as she "didn't want to keep the fans waiting for new music any longer". On November 15, 2012, she announced the release of a mixtape, titled "Agápē", which means "unconditional love" in Greek. The project was released for free through digital download on her 22nd birthday on December 20, 2012. In support of the mixtape, JoJo embarked on her first headlining North American tour, The Agápē Tour. "We Get By" was released as the lead single from the mixtape on November 15, 2012. "André" was released as the second single from the mixtape on November 30, 2012, with the music video for the song premiering on March 21, 2013, through "Complex" magazine.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: On July 30, 2013, it was reported that JoJo had filed a lawsuit against her labels Blackground Records and Da Family for "irreparable damages to her professional career". Minors cannot sign contracts that last more than seven years under New York State law and thus she claims that as her contract was signed in 2004, her deal should have expired in 2011. In December 2013 both of JoJo's and Blackground's attorneys agreed to drop the case as both parties came to an agreement outside court. On January 14, 2014, it was announced that JoJo was released from her multi-year battle with the label and signed a new recording contract with Atlantic Records. On February 14, she released an extended play, titled "#LoveJo", featuring covers of three classic songs, which were all produced by Da Internz. On March 16, 2014, she performed at SXSW.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: On August 5, 2015, JoJo's website under Atlantic was relaunched. On August 20, 2015, JoJo released three singles simultaneously on the "III." extended play, which she referred to as a "tringle", as a preview of her third studio album. In support of the release, JoJo embarked on the I Am JoJo Tour, her first world tour, in November 2015. On December 18, 2015, JoJo released the sequel to "#LoveJo", titled "#LoveJo2".


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In June 2016, Fifth Harmony announced that JoJo would be one of the opening acts on their 7/27 Tour. On July 27, 2016, JoJo released the lead single "Fuck Apologies", featuring rapper and label mate Wiz Khalifa. "Mad Love", JoJo's third studio album was released on October 14, 2016, ten years following the release of "The High Road". The album entered and peaked on the "Billboard" 200 chart at number 6. In January 2017, JoJo embarked on the Mad Love tour, a four-month concert tour of North America and Europe.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In August 2017, JoJo announced her departure from Atlantic, in conjunction with announcing her new music venture, Clover Music, in a joint deal with Interscope. In April 2018, she announced the Leaks, Covers, & Mixtapes tour, which began on May 29. On December 20, 2018, her 28th birthday, JoJo announced plans to re-release her first album with re-recorded vocals. The following day, JoJo re-released her debut album and "The High Road", as well as her singles "Demonstrate", and "Disaster"—all with re-recorded vocals and slightly reworked production. A similar tactic was employed by Taylor Swift years later.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: As of January 2019, per "Billboard", Clover Music is no longer affiliated with Interscope, and will now associate with Warner Records. On February 12, 2019, JoJo announced the release of the single "Say So", which features R&B singer-songwriter PJ Morton, two days later on February 14. "Say So" was included as the lead single on Morton's album "Paul". On October 10, 2019, via Instagram, JoJo announced that she would release the single "Joanna" at midnight, followed by the music video premiering the next day. On October 25, JoJo collaborated with Alabama rapper and then-recent Warner Records signee Chika on the single "Sabotage", which was intended the first single from her next album.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: JoJo announced a new album via Instagram, "Good to Know", which was released on May 1, 2020. A tour supporting the album was set to begin in April 2021. The lead single "Man" was released on March 13, 2020. On August 3, 2020, JoJo announced the single "What U Need" via Instagram. It was released on August 7, 2020, as the lead single from the deluxe version of "Good to Know", which followed on August 28, 2020. On October 2, 2020, she released a song titled "The Change", written by Diane Warren, to serve as the official anthem for the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign. Her first holiday album, "December Baby", was released on October 30 of the same year.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In January 2021, after being twice delayed, JoJo cancelled the Good to Know tour due to the ongoing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. She also announced that she plans to tour in 2022 after releasing a sixth studio album. Later in 2021, JoJo competed on the fifth season of "The Masked Singer" as "Black Swan". She finished in second place making her the first female runner-up on the show. On August 17, 2021, she announced her first capsule project (12-track EP) "Trying Not to Think About It" with the first single "Worst (I Assume)" released three days later. The EP was released on October 1, 2021, followed by a six-date tour starting a day later. It was announced that her original debut album and "The High Road" would be re-released on September 24, 2021, by the second incarnation of Blackground Records and Empire Distribution, but JoJo encouraged her fans not to listen to it due to the absence of credited songwriting on the original projects. JoJo contributed to Stan Walker's 2022 album "All In", collaborating on the song "Remember Us", which she also co-wrote.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: Musically, JoJo is considered to be primarily a pop and R&B artist; however, the majority of her singles tend to lean more towards the former as a marketing tool. "Prefix"'s Norman Meyers observed that "As an adolescent white girl singing mainstream R&B, her singles have leaned toward pop to snag sales ... But the list of producers on "The High Road ..." shows that Jojo is more concerned with harder beats and soulful sounds." JoJo is a mezzo-soprano and her singing voice has been widely acclaimed by music critics, one of whom ranked it among "the best in the game", while her R&B recordings have been compared to the likes of R&B singers Brandy and Monica. Describing her as a "vocal phenom", "Entertainment Weekly"s Leah Greenblatt enthused that JoJo is "capable of Mariah Carey-style upper-register flourishes". Vocally, critics frequently draw comparisons between JoJo and singers Kelly Clarkson and Beyoncé, while "Slant Magazine"'s Sal Cinquemani remarked that the singer "could very well be the next Teena Marie".


title: JoJo (singer)

text: At times some of her material and use of melisma has been criticized for being overproduced and overused, respectively. Emma Morgan of Yahoo! Music dismissed JoJo as "mercilessly multi-tracked à la J. Lo, her voice encoded flatteringly as she too-many-notes her way through a succession of R'n'B beats and hooks that owe everything to studio wizardry and little to simple songwriting", lacking experience and soul. While admitting that JoJo is "surprisingly adept at frenzied, sexually possessed hollering", Alex Macpherson of "The Guardian" believes that the singer "is, however, at her best when compulsively dissecting emotional situations straight out of high-school movies via the medium of big, heartfelt choruses". Pegging JoJo as "a teen-pop star with an R&B singer's voice", Kelefa Sanneh of "The New York Times" continued, "she can outsing much of the competition, but it also means more ballads ... and more not-quite-credible lovesick lyrics." JoJo's earliest memories of singing are performing songs by Etta James, Ella Fitzgerald, Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston for customers in hair salons. Her mixtape, "Agápē", was influenced by musicians Joni Mitchell and James Taylor.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: JoJo possesses a mezzo-soprano vocal range, which Jordan Riefe of "Maxim" described as "better suited to R&B." Upon making her mainstream debut in 2004, critics immediately noticed that JoJo's vocal prowess and material exceeded her age. When she released her single "Demonstrate" in 2012, critics observed that both the singer's voice and lyrics had matured alongside her. Subsequently, JoJo's second mixtape "Agápē" drew attention from both critics and the singer's own family due to its mature content; "Agápē" features lyrical references to drinking, drug abuse and sex, which were absent from her previous "G-rated" releases. The mixtape also addresses her conflict with her record label. JoJo's early image followed popular trends related to hip hop culture at the time. The cover of JoJo's first album features the singer donning a T-shirt and cap, which Sal Cinquemani of "Slant Magazine" dismissed as "contrived and calculated". Matt Collar of AllMusic wrote, "Jojo is an assured and likeable performer who can somehow embody the yin-yang persona of a suburban cheerleader slinging hip-hop attitude." According to Jenny Eliscu of "Rolling Stone", the singer "has become a role model to suburban adolescents who talk gangsta but still carpool to school in mom's Kia Sorento.""The Guardian"s Alex Macpherson commented that "In an era of boozy Amys, gobby Lilys and flashing Britneys, a pop star as wholesome as JoJo seems almost quaint." Writing for "Prefix", Norman Meyers believes that JoJo "could have been a "Mean Girls" extra, but she has talent" and "comes off more like a pint-size Mariah Carey or Christina Aguilera than a hip-shaking Britney clone".


title: JoJo (singer)

text: JoJo lived in Edgewater, New Jersey with her mother, until age 18, when she moved out on her own to Boston for a year. She now resides in Los Angeles.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: JoJo dated American soccer player Freddy Adu from May 2005 until September 2006. The couple met on the MTV show "Fake ID Club" while JoJo was hosting it. JoJo made an appearance in the commentary box at a New England Revolution home game when they were playing D.C. United. In November 2006, "The Washington Post" reported that the couple had split up. JoJo revealed on "American Top 40" with Ryan Seacrest that she and Adu were still good friends.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: In August 2009, JoJo graduated from high school and stated that she would stay focused on future projects. She was accepted to Northeastern University but did not attend; she considered majoring in cultural anthropology.


title: JoJo (singer)

text: Aside from singing and acting, JoJo is also a supporter of various charitable organizations such as Boys & Girls Clubs of America, World Vision, She's the First, Make A Wish Foundation, and others.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom "Laverne & Shirley" (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall made her directorial debut with "Jumpin' Jack Flash" (1986) before directing "Big" (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included "Awakenings" (1990), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, "A League of Their Own" (1992), "Renaissance Man" (1994), "The Preacher's Wife" (1996) and "Riding in Cars with Boys" (2001). She also produced "Cinderella Man" (2005) and "Bewitched" (2005), and directed episodes of the TV series "According to Jim" and "United States of Tara".


title: Penny Marshall

text: Carole Penny Marshall was born in the Bronx, New York City, on October 15, 1943, to Marjorie Irene (née Ward), a tap dance teacher who ran the Marjorie Marshall Dance School, and Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli, later Anthony Wallace Marshall, a director of industrial films and later a producer. She had a brother, actor/director/TV producer Garry Marshall; and a sister, television producer Ronny Hallin. Penny's birth name, Carole, was selected because her mother's favorite actress was Carole Lombard. Her middle name was selected because her older sister Ronny, wanting a horse, was saving pennies; their mother chose the middle name in an attempt to console Ronny.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Penny's father was of Italian descent, his family having come from Abruzzo, and her mother was of German, English, and Scottish descent; Marshall's father changed his surname from Masciarelli to Marshall before she was born. Religion played an odd role in the Marshall children's lives. Garry was christened Episcopalian, Ronny was Lutheran, and Penny was confirmed in a Congregational Church, because "[Mother] sent us anyplace that had a hall where she could put on a recital. If she hadn't needed performance space, we wouldn't have bothered."


title: Penny Marshall

text: She grew up at 3235 Grand Concourse, the Bronx, in a building which was also the childhood home of Neil Simon, Paddy Chayefsky, Calvin Klein, and Ralph Lauren. She began her career as a tap dancer at age three, and later taught tap at her mother's dance school. She graduated from Walton High School, a public girls' high school in New York and then went to University of New Mexico for 2 years where she studied math and psychology. While at UNM, Marshall became pregnant with daughter Tracy Reiner (née Tracy Henry), and soon after married the father, Michael Henry, in 1963. The couple divorced three years later in 1966. During this period, Marshall worked various jobs to support herself, including working as a choreographer for the Albuquerque Civic Light Opera Association. In 1967, she moved to Los Angeles to join her older brother Garry, a writer whose credits at the time included TV's "The Dick Van Dyke Show" (1961–1966).


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall first appeared on a television commercial for Head and Shoulders beautifying shampoo. She was hired to play a girl with stringy, unattractive hair, and Farrah Fawcett was hired to play a girl with thick, bouncy hair. As the crew was lighting the set, Marshall's stand-in wore a placard that read "Homely Girl" and Fawcett's stand-in wore a placard that said "Pretty Girl". Fawcett, sensing Marshall's insecurity about her looks, crossed out "Homely" on the Marshall stand-in placard and wrote "Plain".


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall and Billie Hayes were the only actresses to audition for the role of Witchiepoo for "H.R. Pufnstuf", produced by Sid and Marty Krofft. Marshall thought that she was not right for the part, and Hayes got the role.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 1968 Marshall accepted an offer from her brother to appear in a movie he had written and was producing, called "How Sweet It Is!" (1968). She landed another small role in the film "The Savage Seven" (1968), as well as a guest appearance on the hit television series "That Girl", starring Marlo Thomas. Marshall was considered for the role of Gloria Bunker Stivic on "All in the Family," but lost the part to Sally Struthers.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 1970, Garry Marshall became the executive producer of the television series "The Odd Couple". The following year, Marshall was added to the permanent cast to play a secretary, Myrna, and held the role for four years. In Marshall's final appearance on "The Odd Couple", her character married her boyfriend, Sheldn ("they left the "o" off the birth certificate", she explains), played by Rob Reiner, her real-life husband. The episode included Marshall's real-life siblings, Garry and Ronny, as Myrna's brother and sister.


title: Penny Marshall

text: While she was on "The Odd Couple", Marshall played small roles in TV movies such as "Evil Roy Slade" (1972), starring John Astin and Mickey Rooney (and produced by brother Garry); "The Crooked Hearts" (1972) starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr., in which she played a waitress; "The Couple Takes a Wife", starring Bill Bixby; and "Wacky Zoo of Morgan City" (1972).


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 1974, James L. Brooks and Allan Burns cast Marshall as Janice Dreyfuss, sister-in-law to Paul Dreyfuss (played by actor Paul Sand) in the series "Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers". It aired on CBS-TV Saturday nights beginning September 14, 1974. Despite good reviews and decent ratings, it was canceled mid-season. Brooks and Burns, along with studio head Grant Tinker, were so impressed with Marshall's comedic talent that the following season, they hired Marshall and actress Mary Kay Place to play Mary Richards' new neighbors (Paula and Sally Jo) on "The Mary Tyler Moore Show".


title: Penny Marshall

text: Garry Marshall, creator and then part-time writer for "Happy Days", cast Marshall and Cindy Williams to guest appear on an episode of the show. The installment, titled "A Date with Fonzie", aired on November 11, 1975, and introduced the characters Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney (played by Marshall and Williams, respectively). In that episode, Laverne and Shirley were a pair of wisecracking brewery workers who were dates for Fonzie (Henry Winkler) and Richie (Ron Howard). The pair were such a hit with the studio audience that Garry Marshall decided to co-create and star them in a successful spinoff, "Laverne & Shirley" (1976–1983).


title: Penny Marshall

text: The characters of Laverne and Shirley appeared in five more episodes of "Happy Days". In 1982 at the beginning of "Laverne & Shirley"s eighth season, Williams left the show due to her pregnancy. Marshall continued with the show, but it was canceled after that season's final episode aired in May 1983.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 1983, while still filming "Laverne & Shirley", Marshall resumed working with James L. Brooks when she guest starred on "Taxi" in a cameo appearance as herself. In the "Taxi" episode "Louie Moves Uptown," Marshall is turned down for residency in a new high-rise condominium in Manhattan. The "Laverne & Shirley" episode "Lost in Spacesuits" is referred to in the scene.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall would again work with Brooks, now a co-producer for the animated series "The Simpsons", when she lent her voice to Ms. Botz, a.k.a. Ms. Botzcowski, the "babysitter bandit," on the first produced episode of "The Simpsons", making her the first official guest star to appear on the show.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall also played a cameo role as herself on the HBO series "Entourage". She also made a cameo appearance alongside her brother Garry in the Disney Halloween-themed movie "Hocus Pocus" as husband and wife. She was reunited with her "Laverne & Shirley" co-star, Cindy Williams, on a November 2013 episode of "Sam & Cat".


title: Penny Marshall

text: With the encouragement of her brother, Marshall became interested in directing. While starring on "Laverne and Shirley", she began her directing career with four episodes of that show.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 1979, she directed several episodes of the short-lived sitcom "Working Stiffs", starring Michael Keaton and James Belushi. She soon moved on to theatrical films; her first film was going to be "Peggy Sue Got Married" (which at that point was scheduled to star Debra Winger in the leading role). Marshall and the writers of the film, however, had creative differences, and Marshall left the project, with Winger also leaving out of loyalty to Marshall.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall was soon given the directorial job of "Jumpin' Jack Flash" (1986) starring Whoopi Goldberg after the original director dropped out of the project. She also gave her daughter Tracy and her brother Garry roles in the film. Marshall described her leap into directing feature films as very hard to learn, likening it to "cramming four years of college into one semester."


title: Penny Marshall

text: While on set all day, she spent her nights planning out the rest of the film, trying to get it finished on time. Marshall also added that Whoopi Goldberg would take her aside and calm her down if she was looking exhausted that day.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 1999, Marshall's Parkaway Productions company was transferred from Universal to Sony. Jessica Cox was hired to run the company in 2000.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall directed several successful feature films from the mid-1980s onwards, including "Big" (1988) starring Tom Hanks (the first film directed by a woman to gross over US$100 million), "Awakenings" (1990) starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro, "A League of Their Own" (1992) with Geena Davis, Tom Hanks, Madonna and Rosie O'Donnell, and "The Preacher's Wife" (1996) starring Denzel Washington and Whitney Houston. In 1991, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 2010 and 2011, Marshall directed two episodes of the Showtime series "United States of Tara". Women in Film and Video presented her with the Women of Vision Award in 2013. The following year, Marshall announced she was developing a biopic on Effa Manley entitled "Effa".


title: Penny Marshall

text: While at college, Marshall met Michael Henry, a football player, and left school at age twenty to marry him in 1963. They had one daughter named Tracy in 1964 (now Tracy Reiner). The marriage lasted three years.


title: Penny Marshall

text: On April 10, 1971, Marshall married actor and director Rob Reiner, who later adopted Tracy. Her marriage to Reiner ended in 1981. The couple had five grandchildren.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall had a brief relationship with singer Art Garfunkel in the mid-1980s, and he credits her with helping him through his depression.


title: Penny Marshall

text: In 2010, it was reported that Marshall had been diagnosed with lung cancer that had metastasized to her brain, but two years later she was "fine now". Following her recovery she published a memoir, "My Mother Was Nuts."


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall died in Los Angeles on December 17, 2018, at the age of 75. According to her death certificate, the causes were cardiopulmonary failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 1.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills. The 'L' from her Laverne character is emblazoned at the bottom of her headstone.


title: Penny Marshall

text: One of Penny Marshall’s styles is the use of simple pictures that allow the actor to convey the message. All her films are not multi-million dollar movies filled with special effects or fancy camera action. However, she employs a loose framing-focusing camera on actors so that they are distinguished from the background. The loose framing focus is accompanied by very strong lighting of the scene to increase visibility on specific objects and important characters in the scene.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Additionally, throughout her directing, she uses film to tell a story. She does not attempt to use film as an art form. Thus, all her story sources are made up of original and adapted screenplays. For instance, Big was written by Gary Ross; best known as film writer and producer of Pleasantville. Additionally, Anne Spielberg who wrote "Toy Story" is one of the accomplished film writers and producers. Moreover, "Awakenings" was adapted from Oliver Sack’s book and written by Steven Zaillian for the screen. Steven is the writer of Schindler's List and A Civil Action, just to name a few.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Furthermore, she relies on character techniques to portray the meaning of themes in the films. For instance, she uses prominent characters like Malcolm Sayer and Josh Baskin whose characters reflect their persona as well as draw people to the film. Additionally, Penny Marshall places a big emphasis on the settings which are very selective in details.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Another Penny Marshall technique is that her films are classical. For instance, Marshall's best directorial accomplishment was in Awakenings that starred Robin Williams and Robert DeNiro. The film was nominated for Best Actor (Robert DeNiro), Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay. "Awakenings" is organized upon a three-act structure. A League of their Own is a tale that is strongly centered on the plot; and there exist both bad and good people, as well as characters that get changed by their experiences.


title: Penny Marshall

text: Marshall's films tend to address contemporary issues in society such as coming of age, women’s accomplishments, and oppression of the mentally disabled. For instance, the oppression of the mentally disabled is well elaborated in the film "Awakenings". The film unites two big stars in a story about the plight of mentally disabled individuals and how a person who is not living with any life-threatening condition gets to learn a lesson about humanity after spending time with a mentally disabled person. Achievement of women has been elaborated well in the film "A League of Their Own", a film that stars two blood sisters joining the women’s baseball league during World War II. In that time, many men in professional leagues joined the armed forces. The movie exposes exciting victories and personal conflicts on the field, while, at the same time, building sisterhood and strong bonds among teammates.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Nastassja Aglaia Kinski (; , ; born 24 January 1961) is a German actress and former model who has appeared in more than 60 films in Europe and the United States. Her worldwide breakthrough was with "Stay as You Are" (1978). She then came to global prominence with her Golden Globe Award-winning performance as the title character in the Roman Polanski-directed film "Tess" (1979). Other films in which she acted include the erotic horror film "Cat People" (1982) and the Wim Wenders dramas "Paris, Texas" (1984) and "Faraway, So Close!" (1993). She also appeared in the notable biographical drama film "An American Rhapsody" (2001). Kinski is fluent in four languages: German, English, French and Italian. She is the daughter of German actor Klaus Kinski.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Kinski was born in West Berlin as Nastassja Aglaia Nakszynski. She is the daughter of renowned German actor Klaus Kinski and his second wife, actress Ruth Brigitte Tocki. She is of partial Polish descent, for her grandfather Bruno Nakszynski was a Germanized ethnic Pole. Kinski has two half-siblings: Pola and Nikolai Kinski. Her parents divorced in 1968. After the age of 10, Kinski rarely saw her father. Her young mother struggled financially to support them; they eventually lived in a commune in Munich.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In a 1999 interview, Kinski denied that her father had molested her as a child, but said he had abused her "in other ways". In 2013, when interviewed about the allegations of sexual abuse made by her half-sister Pola Kinski, she confirmed that he attempted with her, but did not succeed. She said, "He was no father. Ninety-nine percent of the time I was terrified of him. He was so unpredictable that the family lived in constant terror." When asked what she would say to him now, if she had the chance, she replied, "I would do anything to put him behind bars for life. I am glad he is no longer alive."


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Kinski began working as a model as a teenager in Germany. Actress Lisa Kreuzer of the German New Wave helped get her the role of the mute Mignon in Wim Wenders 1975 film "The Wrong Move", in which at the age of 13 she was depicted topless. She later played one of the leading roles in Wenders' film "Paris, Texas" (1984) and appeared in his film "Faraway, So Close" (1993).


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 1976, while still a teenager, Kinski had her first two major roles: in Wolfgang Petersen's feature film-length episode "Reifezeugnis" of the German TV crime series "Tatort." Next, she appeared in the British horror film "To the Devil a Daughter" (1976), produced by Hammer Film Productions, which was released in the UK just 40 days after Kinski's fifteenth birthday, making it a virtual certainty she was only fourteen when her scenes were shot (including full frontal nudity). In regards to her early films, Kinski has stated that she felt exploited by the industry. In an interview with "W", she said, "If I had had somebody to protect me or if I had felt more secure about myself, I would not have accepted certain things. Nudity things. And inside it was just tearing me apart."


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 1978, Kinski starred in the Italian romance "Stay as You Are" ("Così come sei") with Marcello Mastroianni, gaining her recognition in the United States after New Line Cinema released it there in December 1979. "Time" wrote that she was "simply ravishing, genuinely sexy and high-spirited without being painfully aggressive about it." The film also received a major international release from Columbia Pictures.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Kinski met the director Roman Polanski at a party in 1976. He urged her to study method acting with Lee Strasberg in the United States and she was offered the title role in Polanski's upcoming film, "Tess" (1979). In 1978, Kinski underwent extensive preparation for the portrayal of an English peasant girl, which included acquiring a Dorset accent through elocution studies:


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: The film was nominated for six awards, including Best Picture, at the 53rd Academy Awards, and won three.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 1981, Richard Avedon photographed Kinski with a Burmese python coiled around her nude body. The image, which first appeared in the October 1981 issue of US "Vogue", was released as a poster and became a best-seller, further confirming her status as a sex symbol.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 1982, she starred in Francis Ford Coppola's romantic musical "One from the Heart", her first film made in the United States. "Texas Monthly" described her as acting "as a Felliniesque circus performer to represent the twinkling evanescence of Eros." The film failed at the box office and was a major loss for Coppola's new Zoetrope Studios. That year, she was also in the erotic supernatural horror movie "Cat People". On December 29, 1982, Kinski made a puzzling appearance on the program "Late Night with David Letterman", seeming somewhat oblivious to the jokes and everything else that was going on around her and appearing with an unusual hair style Letterman described as "looking like there was an owl perched on top of her head." (Letterman's second guest, John Candy, came out with his own hair moussed up in a pile as a spoof of Kinski's hair.)


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Dudley Moore's comedy "Unfaithfully Yours" and an adaptation of John Irving's "The Hotel New Hampshire" followed in 1984.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Kinski reteamed with Wenders for the 1984 film "Paris, Texas". One of her most acclaimed films to date, it won the top award at the Cannes Film Festival. Throughout the 1980s, Kinski split her time between Europe and the United States, making "Moon in the Gutter" (1983), "Harem" (1985) and "Torrents of Spring" (1989) in Europe, and "Exposed" (1983), "Maria's Lovers" (1984), and "Revolution" (1985) in the United States.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: During the 1990s, Kinski appeared in a number of American films, including the action movie "Terminal Velocity" opposite Charlie Sheen, the Mike Figgis 1997 adultery tale "One Night Stand", "Your Friends & Neighbors" (1998), John Landis's "Susan's Plan" (1998), and "The Lost Son" (1999).


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Her most recent films include David Lynch's "Inland Empire" (2006) and Rotimi Rainwater's "Sugar" (2013). In 2016, she competed in the German "Let's Dance" show.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 1976, when Kinski was aged 15, it was speculated that there had been a romantic relationship with director Roman Polanski, who at the time was 43. Polanski confirmed the relationship in a 1994 interview with Diane Sawyer: "...what about Nastassja Kinski? She was young and we had a love affair." However, in a 1999 interview in "The Guardian", Kinski was quoted as saying that there was no affair and that, "There was a flirtation. There could have been a seduction, but there was not. He had respect for me."


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In the late 1970s, Kinski was roommates with a pre-fame Demi Moore. In her 2019 memoir "Inside Out", Moore wrote: "We know each other in a way that no one else could."


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Kinski has three children from different relationships. Her first child, son Aljosha Nakszynski (born 29 June 1984), was fathered by actor Vincent Spano, her co-star in "Maria's Lovers". On 10 September 1984, Kinski married Egyptian filmmaker Ibrahim Moussa, with whom she had daughter Sonja Kinski (born 2 March 1986). The marriage was dissolved in July 1992. From 1992 until 1995, Kinski lived with musician Quincy Jones, though she kept her own apartment on Hilgard Avenue, near UCLA, at the time. They had a daughter, Kenya Julia Niambi Sarah Jones (born 9 February 1993), a model known professionally as Kenya Kinski-Jones.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 1997, Kinski dated married producer Jonathan D. Krane during a brief separation from his wife, actress Sally Kellerman. Over the course of her career, Kinski has also been romantically linked with Paul Schrader, Jean-Jacques Beineix, Rob Lowe, Jon Voight, Gérard Depardieu, Dudley Moore, Miloš Forman and Wim Wenders. As of 2012, she was dating actor Rick Yune.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: In 2001, Kinski stated in an interview in "The Daily Telegraph" that she was affected by the sleep disorder narcolepsy.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: The awards and nominations received by Nastassja Kinski include one Art Film Fest Award, one Bambi Award, two Bravo Ottos (out of three nominations), two Deutscher Filmpreis Awards (also out of three nominations), one Golden Globe (out of two nominations), one Jupiter Award, one Nastro d'Argento Award and one Wine Country Film Festival Award.


title: Nastassja Kinski

text: Among others, her achievements in film industry include also two César Awards nominations, one Globo d'oro nomination, and one Saturn Award nomination.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Stede Bonnet (1688 – 10 December 1718) was an early 18th-century English/Barbadian pirate, also known as the Gentleman Pirate for the reason that he was a moderately wealthy landowner before turning to a life of crime. Bonnet was born into a wealthy English family on the island of Barbados, and inherited the family estate after his father's death in 1694. Despite his lack of sailing experience, Bonnet decided he should turn to piracy in the winter of 1716 or spring of 1717. He bought a sailing vessel, the "Revenge", and travelled with his paid crew along the Eastern Seaboard of what is now the United States, capturing other vessels and burning other Barbadian ships.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet set sail for Nassau in the Bahamas, to the haven for pirates known as the "Republic of Pirates", but he was seriously wounded "en route" during an encounter with a Spanish warship. After arriving in Nassau, Bonnet met Edward Teach, better known as the infamous pirate Blackbeard. Incapable of leading his crew, Bonnet temporarily ceded his ship's command to Blackbeard. Before separating in December 1717, Blackbeard and Bonnet plundered and captured merchant ships along the East Coast. After Bonnet failed to capture the "Protestant Caesar", his crew abandoned him to join Blackbeard aboard the "Queen Anne's Revenge". Bonnet stayed on Blackbeard's ship as a guest, and did not command a crew again until summer 1718, when he was pardoned by North Carolina governor Charles Eden and received clearance to undertake privateering against Spanish shipping interests. Bonnet was tempted to resume his piracy but did not want to lose his pardon, so he adopted the alias "Captain Thomas" and changed his ship's name to "Royal James". He had returned to piracy by July 1718.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: In August 1718, Bonnet anchored "Royal James" on an estuary of the Cape Fear River to careen and repair the ship. In late August and September, Colonel William Rhett, with the authorization of South Carolina's governor Robert Johnson, led a naval expedition against pirates on the river. Rhett's and Bonnet's men engaged in combat for hours, but the outnumbered pirates ultimately surrendered. Rhett arrested the pirates and brought them to Charles Town in early October. Bonnet escaped on 24 October, but was soon recaptured on Sullivan's Island. On 10 November, Bonnet was brought to trial and charged with two acts of piracy. Judge Nicholas Trott sentenced him to death. Bonnet wrote to Governor Johnson to ask for clemency, but Johnson endorsed the judge's decision, and Bonnet was hanged in Charles Town on 10 December 1718.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Stede Bonnet was born in 1688, as he was christened at Christ Church parish on 29 July 1688. His parents, Edward and Sarah Bonnet, owned an estate of over southeast of Bridgetown, which was bequeathed to Bonnet upon his father's death in 1694. It is not known where Bonnet received his education, but many who knew him described him as bookish; Judge Nicholas Trott alluded to Bonnet's liberal education when sentencing him. Bonnet married Mary Allamby in Bridgetown on 21 November 1709. They had three sons—Allamby (who died by 1715), Edward, and Stede—and a daughter, Mary. The three surviving children were all younger than five when their father abandoned them for piracy. Edward's granddaughter, Anne Thomasine Clarke, was the wife of General Robert Haynes, who was Speaker of the Assembly of Barbados for 36 years.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: In "A General History of the Pyrates", Charles Johnson wrote that Bonnet was driven to piracy by Mary's nagging and "[d]iscomforts he found in a married State". Details of Bonnet's military service are unclear, but he held the rank of major in the Barbados militia. The rank was probably due to his land holdings, since deterring revolts by enslaved people was an important function of the militia. Bonnet's militia service coincided with the War of the Spanish Succession, but there is no record that he took part in the fighting.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: During the spring of 1717, Stede Bonnet decided to become a pirate, despite having no knowledge of shipboard life. He contracted a local shipyard to build him a sixty-ton sloop, which he equipped with ten guns and named the "Revenge". This was unusual, as most pirates seized their ships by mutiny or by boarding them or by converting a privateer vessel to a pirate ship. Bonnet enlisted a crew of more than seventy men. He relied on his quartermaster and officer for their knowledge of sailing, and as a result, he was not highly respected by his crew. In another break from tradition, Bonnet paid his crew wages, not shares of plunder as most pirates did. Royal Navy intelligence reported that he departed Carlisle Bay, Barbados, under cover of darkness.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet's initial cruise took him to the coast of the Colony of Virginia, near the entrance of the Chesapeake Bay, where he captured and plundered four vessels, and burned the Barbadian ship "Turbet" to keep news of his crimes from his home island. He sailed north to New York City, taking two more ships, and picking up naval supplies and releasing captives at Gardiners Island. By August 1717, Bonnet had returned to the Carolinas, where he attacked two more ships, a brigantine from Boston and a Barbadian sloop. He stripped the brigantine, but brought the cargo-filled Barbadian sloop to an inlet off North Carolina to use for careening and repairing the "Revenge". After the Barbadian sloop's tackle was used to careen the "Revenge", the ship was dismantled for timber, and the remains were burned. In September 1717, Bonnet set course for Nassau, which was an infamous pirate den on the island of New Providence in the Bahamas. "En route", he encountered, fought, and escaped from a Spanish man-of-war. The "Revenge" was badly damaged, Bonnet was seriously wounded, and half the crew of the sloop was killed or wounded in the encounter. Putting in at Nassau, Bonnet replaced his casualties and refitted the "Revenge", increasing the sloop's armament to twelve guns.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: While at Nassau, Bonnet met Captain Benjamin Hornigold and Edward Teach for the first time; Teach, better known as Blackbeard, played a large role in the remainder of Bonnet's life. Disabled by his wounds, Bonnet temporarily ceded command of the "Revenge" to Blackbeard, but remained aboard as a guest of the more experienced pirate captain. Blackbeard and Bonnet weighed anchor and sailed northward to Delaware Bay, where they plundered eleven ships. On 29 September 1717, the "Revenge", captained by Blackbeard, plundered the sloop "Betty", which had a cargo full of Madeira wine. Captain Codd, whose merchant ship was taken on 12 October, described Bonnet as walking the deck in his nightshirt, lacking any command and still unwell from his wounds. The "Revenge" later captured and looted the "Spofford" and "Sea Nymph", which were leaving Philadelphia. On 22 October, the "Revenge" stopped and robbed the "Robert" and "Good Intent" of their supplies.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Blackbeard and Bonnet left Delaware Bay and returned to the Caribbean in November, where they successfully continued their piracy. On 17 November, a 200-ton ship named the "Concorde" was attacked by two pirate craft nearly away from the island of Martinique. The lieutenant on board described the pirate vessels as one having 12 guns and 120 men and the other having eight guns and 30 men. The crew of the "Concorde" put up a fight, but surrendered after the pirates bombarded them with "two volleys of cannons and musketry". Blackbeard took the "Concorde" and sailed south into the Grenadines, where he renamed the ship "Queen Anne's Revenge", possibly as an insult to King George I. Some time after 19 December, Bonnet and Blackbeard separated. Bonnet sailed into the western Caribbean. In March 1718, he encountered the 400-ton merchant vessel "Protestant Caesar" off Honduras. The ship escaped him, and his frustrated crew became restive. When Bonnet encountered Blackbeard again shortly afterwards, Bonnet's crew deserted him to join Blackbeard. Blackbeard put a henchman named Richards in command of the "Revenge". Bonnet, surprised that his colleague had betrayed him, found himself as a guest aboard the "Queen Anne's Revenge". Bonnet confided in a few loyal crew members that he was ready to give up his criminal life if he could exile himself in Spain or Portugal. Bonnet would not exercise command again until the summer of 1718.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Under Captain Richards, the "Revenge" captured a Jamaican sloop, the "Adventure", captained by David Herriot. Herriot joined the pirates, and Blackbeard possessed three ships. Bonnet accompanied Blackbeard to South Carolina, where Blackbeard's four vessels blockaded the port of Charles Town in the late spring of 1718. Needing a place to rest and refit their vessels, Blackbeard and Bonnet headed north to Topsail Island, where the "Queen Anne's Revenge" ran aground and was lost. Leaving the remaining three vessels at Topsail Island, Blackbeard and Bonnet went ashore and journeyed to Bath, which was the capital of North Carolina. Once there, both men accepted pardons from Governor Charles Eden under King George's Act of Grace, putatively on condition of their renouncing piracy forever. While Blackbeard quietly returned to Topsail Island, Bonnet stayed in Bath to get a "clearance" to take the "Revenge" to Denmark's Caribbean colony of St. Thomas, where he planned to buy a letter of marque and go privateering against Spanish shipping. Eden granted Bonnet this clearance.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet returned to Topsail Island to find that Blackbeard had beached the majority of their former crew, robbed the "Revenge" and two other vessels of the squadron of most of their supplies, and sailed away for parts unknown aboard the sloop "Adventure", carrying all the loot with him. In late June or early July 1718, Bonnet resumed command of the "Revenge". Few, if any, of his original crew from Barbados were still aboard. Bonnet reinforced the "Revenge" by rescuing a number of men whom Blackbeard had marooned on a sandbar at Topsail Island.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Shortly after Bonnet resumed command, the crew of a bumboat told him that Blackbeard was moored in Ocracoke Inlet. Bonnet set sail at once to hunt down his treacherous ex-confederate, but could not find him, and Bonnet never met Blackbeard again. Although Bonnet apparently never discarded his hopes of reaching St. Thomas and getting his letter of marque, two pressing problems tempted him back into piracy. First, Blackbeard had stolen the food and supplies he and his men needed to subsist (one pirate testified at his trial that no more than ten or eleven barrels remained aboard the "Revenge"). Second, St. Thomas was in the midst of the Atlantic hurricane season, which would last until autumn. However, returning to freebooting meant nullifying Bonnet's pardon.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Hoping to preserve his pardon, Bonnet adopted the alias "Captain Thomas" and changed the "Revenge"s name to the "Royal James". The name "Royal James" that Bonnet conferred on his sloop was presumably a reference to the younger Prince James Stuart, and may suggest that Bonnet or his men had Jacobite sympathies. One of Bonnet's prisoners further reported witnessing Bonnet's men drinking to the health of the "Old Pretender" and wishing to see him king of the English nation.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet further tried to disguise his return to piracy by engaging in a pretence of trade with the next two vessels he robbed. Soon afterward, Bonnet quit the charade of trading and reverted to naked piracy. In July 1718, he cruised north to Delaware Bay, pillaging another eleven vessels. He took several prisoners, some of whom joined his pirate crew. While Bonnet set loose most of his prizes after looting them, he retained control of the last two ships he captured: the sloops "Francis" and "Fortune". On 1 August 1718, the "Royal James" and the two captured sloops sailed southward from Delaware Bay. The captured sloops lagged behind, and Bonnet threatened to sink them if they did not stay closer. During the passage, Bonnet and his crew divided their loot into shares of about £10 or £11 and distributed them amongst themselves. This is the only time Bonnet is known to have practised this pirate custom, and it suggests he had by then abandoned his unorthodox practice of paying regular wages to his crew.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Twelve days out of Delaware Bay, Bonnet entered the estuary of the Cape Fear River and anchored near the mouth of a small waterway, now known as Bonnet's Creek. The "Royal James" had begun to leak badly and was in need of careening. Shortly afterwards, a small shallop entered the river and was captured. Bonnet had the shallop broken up to help repair the "Royal James". The work of careening was done, in whole or in part, by the prisoners Bonnet had captured. Bonnet threatened at least one man with marooning if he did not work with the slaves to repair the "Royal James". Bonnet remained in the Cape Fear River for the next 45 days. According to Bonnet's boatswain, Ignatius Pell, the pirates intended to wait out the hurricane season there.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: By the end of August, news had reached Charles Town that Bonnet's vessels were moored in the Cape Fear River. Robert Johnson, governor of South Carolina, authorised Colonel William Rhett to lead a naval expedition against the pirates, even though the Cape Fear River was in North Carolina's jurisdiction. After a false start due to the appearance of another pirate ship near Charles Town, Rhett arrived at the mouth of the Cape Fear River on 26 September with two eight-gun sloops, the "Henry" and the "Sea Nymph", and a force of 130 militia men. Bonnet initially mistook Rhett's squadron for merchantmen and sent three canoes to capture them. Rhett's flagship "Henry" had run aground in the river mouth, enabling Bonnet's canoe crews to approach, recognize the heavily armed and crewed sloops as hostile and return uninjured to warn Bonnet. The sun had set by the time the rising tide lifted the "Henry" off the river bottom.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: The 46 pirates were scattered among the three sloops. During the night, Bonnet brought all of them aboard the "Royal James" and planned to fight his way out to sea in the morning rather than risk the Cape Fear River's narrow channels in the dark. Bonnet also wrote a letter to Governor Johnson, threatening to burn all the ships in Charles Town Harbour. At daybreak, on 27 September 1718, Bonnet set sail toward Rhett's force, and all three sloops opened fire, initiating the Battle of Cape Fear River. The two South Carolinian sloops split up in an effort to bracket the "Royal James". Bonnet tried to avoid the trap by steering the "Royal James" close to the river's western shore, but ran aground in the process. Rhett's closing sloops also ran aground, leaving only the "Henry" in range of the "Royal James".


title: Stede Bonnet

text: The battle was at a stalemate for the next five or six hours, with all the participants immobilized. Bonnet's men had the advantage that their deck was heeled away from their opponents, giving them cover, while the "Henry"s deck was tilted toward the pirates, thus exposing Rhett's men to punishing musket volleys. Bonnet's force suffered twelve casualties while killing ten and wounding fourteen of Rhett's 70-man crew. Most of Bonnet's men fought enthusiastically, challenging their enemies to board and fight hand to hand, and tying a knot in their flag as a mock signal to come aboard and render aid. Bonnet himself patrolled the deck with a pistol drawn, threatening to kill any pirate who faltered in the fight. Nevertheless, some of the prisoners who had been forced to join the pirate crew refused to fire on Rhett's men, and one narrowly escaped death at Bonnet's hands in the confusion of the engagement.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: The battle was ultimately decided when the rising tide lifted Rhett's sloops free while temporarily leaving the "Royal James" stranded. Bonnet was left helpless, watching while the enemy vessels repaired their rigging and closed to board his paralysed vessel. Outnumbered almost three to one, Bonnet's men would have had little hope of winning a boarding action. Bonnet ordered his gunner, George Ross, to blow up the "Royal James"s powder magazine. Ross apparently attempted this, but was overruled by the remainder of the crew, who surrendered. Rhett arrested the pirates and returned to Charles Town with his prisoners on 3 October.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: In Charles Town, Bonnet was separated from the bulk of his crew and held for three weeks along with his boatswain, Ignatius Pell, and his sailing master, David Herriott, at the home of Town Marshal Nathaniel Partridge. Pirate Edward Robinson, the gunner from Newcastle upon Tyne, and the remaining crew were held outside of Charles Town at the Watch House, at White Point. On 24 October, Bonnet and Herriott escaped, probably by colluding with local merchant Richard Tookerman. Governor Johnson at once placed a £700 bounty on Bonnet's head and dispatched search teams to track him down. Bonnet and Herriott, accompanied by a slave and a Native American, obtained a boat and made for the north shore of Charles Town Harbour, but foul winds and lack of supplies forced the four of them onto Sullivan's Island. Governor Johnson sent a posse under Rhett to Sullivan's Island to hunt for Bonnet. The posse discovered Bonnet after an extensive search, and opened fire, killing Herriott and wounding the two slaves. Bonnet surrendered and was returned to Charles Town. While awaiting trial, some sort of civil uprising in his support took place within the city, an event authorities would later describe as having nearly resulted in the burning of the town and the overthrow of the government. Bonnet possibly awaited his execution in the Court of Guard, a militia guardhouse in the city where the current Exchange and Provost stands today.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: On 10 November 1718, Bonnet was brought to trial before Sir Nicholas Trott, sitting in his capacity as Vice-Admiralty judge. Trott had already sat in judgment on Bonnet's crew and sentenced most of them to hang. Bonnet was formally charged with only two acts of piracy, against the "Francis" and the "Fortune", whose commanders were on hand to testify against Bonnet in person. Ignatius Pell had turned King's evidence in the trial of Bonnet's crew and testified, somewhat reluctantly, against Bonnet. Bonnet pleaded not guilty and conducted his own defence without assistance of counsel, cross-examining the witnesses to little avail, and calling a character witness in his favour. Trott rendered a damning summation of the evidence, and the jury delivered a guilty verdict. Two days later, after treating the convicted man to a stern lecture on his violation of Christian duties, Trott sentenced Bonnet to death.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: While awaiting his execution, Bonnet wrote to Governor Johnson, begging abjectly for clemency and promising to have his own arms and legs cut off as assurance that he would never again commit piracy. Charles Johnson wrote that Bonnet's visibly disintegrating mind moved many Carolinians to pity, particularly the female population, and London papers later reported that the governor delayed his execution seven times. Bonnet was eventually hanged at White Point Garden, in Charles Town, on 10 December 1718.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: The actual degree of authority any pirate captain exercised over his crew was questionable, as he had no access to the procedures and sanctions of admiralty law that supported government captains. Many pirate captains were elected by their crews and could be deposed in the same manner. Because of his ignorance of nautical matters, Bonnet was in an even weaker position than other pirate captains, as is demonstrated by the utter domination Blackbeard exercised over him during their collaboration. During Bonnet's early career, his crew seems to have been less than loyal to him and to have greatly preferred the more charismatic and experienced Blackbeard.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: At his trial, Bonnet downplayed his own authority over his pirate crew. He told the court that his crew engaged in piracy against his will, and said he had warned them that he would leave the crew unless they stopped robbing vessels. He further stated that he had been asleep during the capture of the sloop "Francis". The court did not accept these protestations. Boatswain Ignatius Pell testified that Bonnet's quartermaster, Robert Tucker, had more power than Bonnet. A powerful quartermaster appears to have been a common feature of pirate crews in the early modern era.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Nevertheless, Bonnet's crew represented him as being a leader, and it appears likely that, after his rescue of Blackbeard's marooned crewmen, he became at least a co-equal commander aboard the "Royal James". He appears to have been entrusted with the company's treasure, and made most major command decisions such as the direction of the ship and what vessels to attack. Most significantly, at Delaware Bay he ordered two of his crew to be flogged for breaches of discipline. Pirates did not lightly submit to flogging, as they resented the frequent use of this punishment in the naval and merchant services from which most of them came, and thus only a leader who commanded the obedience of his crew could successfully order such penalties.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet's flag is traditionally represented as a white skull above a horizontal long bone between a heart and a dagger, all on a black field. Despite the frequent appearance of this flag in modern pirate literature, no known early-Georgian period source describes any such device, much less attributes it to Bonnet. This version of Bonnet's flag is probably one of a number of pirate flags appearing on an undated manuscript with unknown provenance in Britain's National Maritime Museum, which was donated by Dr. Philip Gosse in 1939. Bonnet's crew and contemporaries generally referred to him flying a "bloody flag", which likely means a dark red flag. There is also a report from the 1718 "The Boston News-Letter" of Bonnet flying a death's head flag during his pursuit of the "Protestant Caesar", with no mention of color or of any long bone, heart, or dagger.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet is alleged to have been one of the few pirates to make his prisoners walk the plank. No contemporaneous source makes any mention of Bonnet forcing prisoners to walk the plank, and modern scholars such as Marcus Rediker, Professor of History at the University of Pittsburgh, generally agree that the whole concept of pirates forcing prisoners to walk the plank belongs to a later age than Bonnet's.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: Bonnet has been portrayed several times in literature. His life was turned into a story by Marcel Schwob in his book "Imaginary Lives". He is a major character in Tim Powers' "On Stranger Tides", along with other famous pirate characters, particularly Blackbeard. In this novel, Bonnet takes up piracy after having been framed by Blackbeard, who has used Bonnet's hatred for his wife (only married two years in the novel) against him. "Kate Bonnet: The Romance of a Pirate's Daughter", by 19th century author Frank Stockton, is a satirical novel relating the adventures of a fictional daughter of Bonnet named Kate. Portrayals of Bonnet also extend to video games, such as "Sid Meier's Pirates!" and "". In the 1941 film "The Devil and Daniel Webster", the Devil summons Bonnet to join a jury of the damned, announcing Bonnet and fellow seaman Floyd Ireson as "the fiendish butchers".


title: Stede Bonnet

text: A plaque commemorating Bonnet stands near Bonnet's Creek in Southport, North Carolina, on the Cape Fear River. The Yacht Basin Provision Company also holds an annual Stede Bonnet Regatta near Southport, commemorating the infamous pirate's dash for the ocean.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: The radio program "This American Life" produced a feature on May 5, 2017, on pirates. In the prologue, host Ira Glass spoke to producer Elna Baker about the life of Stede Bonnet. The podcast "Real Pirates" discusses Bonnet and Blackbeard across five episodes, with appearances by Stede Bonnet biographer Jeremy R. Moss and pirate historians and authors Dr. Rebecca Simon, Colin Woodard and Eric Jay Dolan.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: The period comedy television series "Our Flag Means Death", created by David Jenkins, stars Rhys Darby as Stede Bonnet and Taika Waititi as Blackbeard. Jenkins depicts a romantic relationship between the two.


title: Stede Bonnet

text: On April 11, 2022, Theatre Three of Dallas, Texas presented the world premiere production of the musical comedy "Stede Bonnet: A F*cking Pirate Musical." Nicole Neely conceived and wrote the play's book; Clint Gilbert composed the music and lyrics; Danielle Georgiou directed and choreographed the production; and Danny Anchondo, Jr. directed the music.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Vice is a 2018 American biographical political satire black comedy-drama film directed, written, and co-produced by Adam McKay and starring Christian Bale as former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, with Amy Adams, Steve Carell, Sam Rockwell, Justin Kirk, Tyler Perry, Alison Pill, Lily Rabe, and Jesse Plemons in supporting roles. The film follows Cheney on his path to becoming the most powerful vice president in American history. It is the second theatrical film to depict the presidency of George W. Bush, following Oliver Stone's "W." (2008).


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: "Vice" was released in the United States on December 25, 2018, by Annapurna Pictures, and grossed $76 million worldwide. While the performances were universally acclaimed, the film polarized critics; some considered it to be one of the best films of the year while others thought it to be one of the worst, with McKay's screenplay and direction receiving both "scathing critiques and celebratory praise". The film received numerous accolades, with eight nominations at the Oscars, including for Best Picture, winning Best Make-Up and Hairstyling. It also received six nominations each from the Golden Globes (including for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy) and the BAFTAs. For their performances, Bale, Adams, and Rockwell were nominated at all three shows, with Bale winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: In 1963, Dick Cheney works as a lineman in Wyoming after his alcoholism led him to drop out of Yale University. After Cheney is stopped by a traffic cop for driving while intoxicated, his wife Lynne Cheney tells him to clean up his life or she'll leave him.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: In 1969, Cheney finds work as a White House intern during the Nixon Administration. Working under Nixon's economic adviser, Donald Rumsfeld, Cheney becomes a savvy political operative as he juggles commitments to his wife and their daughters, Liz and Mary. Cheney overhears Henry Kissinger discussing the secret bombing of Cambodia with President Richard Nixon, revealing the true power of the executive branch to Cheney. Rumsfeld's abrasive attitude leads to him and Cheney being distanced from Nixon, which works in both men's favor; after Nixon's resignation, Cheney rises to the position of White House Chief of Staff for President Gerald Ford while Rumsfeld becomes Secretary of Defense. The media later dubs the sudden shake-up in the cabinet as the Halloween Massacre. During his tenure, a young Antonin Scalia introduces Cheney to the unitary executive theory.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: After Ford loses the election, Cheney runs to be representative for Wyoming. After giving an awkward and uncharismatic campaign speech, Cheney suffers his first heart attack. While he recovers, Lynne campaigns on her husband's behalf, helping him to win a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. During the Reagan Administration, Cheney supports a raft of conservative, pro-business policies favoring the fossil fuel industries, as well as the abolishment of the FCC fairness doctrine, which led to the rise of Fox News, conservative talk radio, and the increasing level of party polarization in the United States. Cheney next serves as Secretary of Defense under President George H. W. Bush during the Gulf War. Outside of politics, Cheney and Lynne come to terms with their younger daughter, Mary, coming out as a lesbian. Though Cheney develops ambitions to run for president, he decides to retire from public life to spare Mary from media scrutiny.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Cheney becomes the CEO of Halliburton while his wife breeds golden retrievers and writes books. A false epilogue claims that Cheney lived the rest of his life healthy and happy in the private sector and credits begin rolling, only for them to end abruptly as the film continues.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Cheney is invited to become the running mate of George W. Bush in the 2000 United States presidential election. Under the impression that Bush is more interested in pleasing his father than attaining power for himself, Cheney agrees on the condition that Bush delegates executive responsibilities to him and avoids getting him involved in the Republican Party's stance against gay rights. As vice president, Cheney works with Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld, legal counsel David Addington, Mary Matalin, and Chief of Staff Scooter Libby to exercise control of key foreign policy and defense decisions.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Cheney and Rumsfeld maneuvered to initiate and preside over the U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Various other events from his vice presidency are depicted, including his endorsement of the unitary executive theory, the Plame affair, the accidental shooting of Harry Whittington, and tensions between the Cheney sisters over same-sex marriage. Cheney's actions are shown to lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths and the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq, resulting in him receiving record-low approval ratings by the end of the Bush administration.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: While narrating Cheney's tearful deathbed goodbye to his family after another hospitalization, Kurt dies in a road traffic incident while jogging. In March 2012, his healthy heart is transplanted into Cheney. A few months later, Cheney accepts his daughter Liz's opposition to same-sex marriage, which she expresses when she runs for a Senate seat in Wyoming; this upsets Mary. Liz later wins election to her father's former Congressional position. At the end of the film, an irate Cheney breaks the fourth wall and delivers a monologue to the audience, asking them "which terror attack would you allow to go unchecked so you don't look like a mean and nasty fella", admits he's not perfect, states that he has no regrets about anything he has done in his career and concludes by thanking the audience for giving him the powers to transform the vice-presidency.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: In a mid-credit scene, a focus group depicted earlier in the movie gets into another argument about the efficacy of the film and the Presidency of Donald Trump, whereas some members of the group are uninterested and would rather do something other than politics.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: On November 22, 2016, it was announced that Paramount Pictures had come on board to handle the rights to a drama about Dick Cheney; the screenplay was to be written by Adam McKay, who would also direct. The film was produced by Plan B producers Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner, along with McKay and his Gary Sanchez partners Will Ferrell and Kevin Messick. Bale signed on to play Cheney in April 2017, and gained 40 pounds (18 kg) for the role.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: On August 22, Bill Pullman was cast as Nelson Rockefeller (though did not appear in the finished film), and a title, "Backseat", was announced. It was later changed to "Vice". On August 31, Sam Rockwell was cast as George W. Bush. In September 2017, Adam Bartley joined the cast.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Principal production commenced in late September 2017. Tyler Perry and Lily Rabe joined the film in October as Colin Powell and Liz Cheney, respectively.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: "Vice" was released in both Canada and the United States on December 25, 2018 alongside "Holmes & Watson". It was previously scheduled for release on December 14, 2018. The film opened in the U.K. on January 25, 2019, with most of Europe and Hong Kong following with February 2019 release dates.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: "Vice" grossed $47.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $28.2 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $76.1 million, against a production budget of $60 million.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside "Holmes & Watson" on Christmas Day and was projected to gross around $13 million from 2,378 theaters over its first six days. It made $4.8 million on its first day and $2.9 million on its second. The film went on to have a first weekend gross of $7.8 million, for a six-day total of $17.7 million. According to "The Hollywood Reporter", the film performed its "best on both coasts, versus America's heartland, although some theaters in markets including Dallas, Houston and Phoenix turned in respectable business". It then made $5.8 million in its second weekend and $3.3 million in its third.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads: ""Vice" takes scattershot aim at its targets, but writer-director Adam McKay hits some satisfying bullseyes—and Christian Bale's transformation is a sight to behold." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score 61 out of 100, based on 54 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an overall positive score of 72% and a 49% "definite recommend". The critical response to "Vice" made it one of the worst-reviewed films to ever be nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Todd McCarthy of "The Hollywood Reporter", who named the film his favorite of 2018, wrote: "Across the board in "Vice", everyone has risen to the occasion of their individual challenges, none of them easy, to collectively pull off a political satire that both provokes great laughs and hits home with some tragic truths". Eric Kohn of IndieWire gave the film a "B−" and called it "messy but ambitious", writing: ""Vice", in its rambunctious and unfocused manner, takes some ludicrous risks to make cogent points about Cheney's malicious intent—and how he put his plans into action". By contrast, Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" awarded the film 4/5 stars, and wrote that Bale "captur[es] the former vice-president's bland magnificence in Adam McKay's entertainingly nihilist biopic".


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: "Rolling Stone" film critic Peter Travers praised the film, giving it a 4/5 rating and writing: "Adam McKay's flamethrowing take on Dick Cheney, played by a shockingly brilliant Christian Bale, polarizes by being ferociously funny one minute, bleakly sorrowful the next, and ready to indict the past in the name of our scarily uncertain future."


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Stephanie Zacharek of "Time" gave the film a negative review, describing "Vice" as an "exhausting film that turns Dick Cheney into a cartoon villain". "Ikon London Magazine", while praising the make-up artistry of Greg Cannom, noted that "the story reminds of a witch hunt".


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Ann Hornaday of "The Washington Post" praised Bale's performance as Cheney but criticized the story pacing, awarding the film 2/5 stars. Hornaday had issues with the film's structure, writing that the film is "a mess, zigging here and zagging there, never knowing quite when to end, and when it finally does, leaving few penetrating or genuinely illuminating ideas to ponder". Similarly, Scott Mendelson of "Forbes" praised Bale's and Amy Adams's performances, but criticized the film as a "cinematic mediocrity".


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Numerous scenes from the film were identified as being historically inaccurate, heavily dramatized, or presented without necessary context. Politifact stated that in certain scenes, "the line between historic facts and poetic interpretation gets fuzzy".


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: In an early scene where Rumsfeld (played by Steve Carell) is introduced, it was stated that he was an elite Navy jet pilot. In reality, Rumsfeld never flew jet-engine aircraft during active-duty service within the United States Navy; he only flew propeller-engine aircraft such as the Grumman S-2F Tracker and North American T-6 Texan.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: During the early scene when Cheney first arrives for his congressional internship program in 1969, it is depicted that Cheney still has not yet decided whom he will work for and decides to work with Illinois's 13th district Congressman, Donald Rumsfeld following Cheney listening to and admiring Rumsfeld's speech. In real-life, Dick Cheney, who had been affiliated with the Republican Party and Conservatism prior to his government service work, was actually introduced to Donald Rumsfeld by Rumsfeld's colleague in the House of Representatives, Congressman William A. Steiger from 6th district of Wisconsin, to work under Rumsfeld when he was appointed by President Richard Nixon as Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity and needed more staff to work with. During Rumsfeld's tenure as Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, Rumsfeld also brings along his old protégé from Rumsfeld's time at Princeton University, Frank Carlucci to work along with Dick Cheney to assist Rumsfeld with tasks as Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity. Carlucci later-on succeeded Rumsfeld as Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity when Rumsfeld was appointed as Counselor to the President by President Nixon and coincidentally both Rumsfeld, Cheney and Carlucci would later-on serve as United States Secretary of Defense.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: An important scene in the film that depicts Dick Cheney conversing with Antonin Scalia in the mid-1970s about expanding the power of the executive branch is totally fictional. However, Cheney campaigned for increased presidential authority. In the scene, the "theory of the unitary executive" is mentioned although the phrase did not become used by legal scholars until the late 1980s. Politifact says that the film also "butchers" the meaning of the unitary executive when in reality, the theory says the president has ultimate control over the executive branch. However, the film represents the theory as advocating for the president to have unlimited powers.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: The film implies that Lynne Cheney's father murdered her mother; however, there is no evidence provided for this assertion. Officially, Lynne Cheney's mother Edna drowned on the evening of May 24, 1973 at the age of 54. She was walking her dogs near Yesness Pond and slipped and fell in. She did not know how to swim and her body was found after her husband reported her missing. Both the sheriff and coroner stated that there was no evidence to indicate foul play and her drowning was ruled accidental. Edna had been taking blood pressure medicine that often made her dizzy, her daughter Lynne Cheney theorized that she lost her balance when chasing after her dogs. Lynne Cheney never implied that her father could have killed her mother. Instead, she stated that her father was so devastated after the death of his wife that he drank himself to death two years later. The implication made by the film was described by the "HistoryVSHollywood" website as a conspiracy theory.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: Dick Cheney's daughter and Congresswoman Liz Cheney criticized Christian Bale for his portrayal of her father in "Vice", remarking during a "Fox & Friends" interview that "he finally had the chance to play a real superhero, and he clearly screwed it up". Liz also responded negatively to Bale's acceptance speech for winning the Best Actor in a Comedy or Musical Golden Globe for his portrayal of Cheney, in which the actor thanked Satan for inspiring him to play the role of Cheney.


title: Vice (2018 film)

text: "Vice" has received multiple awards and nominations, and was nominated for six Golden Globe Awards at the 76th annual ceremony, the most nominations of any film, with Bale winning for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The film was subsequently nominated for eight awards at the 91st Academy Awards (winning Best Make-Up and Hairstyling), nine awards at the 24th Critics' Choice Awards (winning Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy for Bale), six awards at the 72nd British Academy Film Awards (winning Best Editing), and 4 nominations at the 8th AACTA International Awards.


title: Angourie Rice

text: Angourie Rice (; born 1 January 2001) is an Australian actress. She began her career as a child actress, coming to attention for her roles in "These Final Hours" and "The Nice Guys". She is known for her portrayal of Betty Brant in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in "" (2017), "" (2019), and "" (2021).


title: Angourie Rice

text: Rice was named after a town in New South Wales where her grandmother lived. She was born in Sydney and lives in Melbourne, with her parents Jeremy Rice, a director, and Kate Rice, a writer, where she attended Princes Hill Secondary College graduating in 2018. She also lived in Perth for five years and in Munich, Germany, for one year before moving back to Melbourne.


title: Angourie Rice

text: Rice began her career in Perth, Western Australia with several short films and Australian television credits. In 2012, Rice gained industry attention at just eleven years old with her lead role in Zak Hilditch’s short "Transmission", for which she won the Best Actress award at the St. Kilda Film Festival.


title: Angourie Rice

text: In 2013, Rice made her feature film acting debut with apocalyptic thriller film "These Final Hours". She also appeared in the live action sequences at the beginning and end of the animated film "Walking with Dinosaurs". In 2014, Rice appeared in the television series "The Doctor Blake Mysteries", "Worst Year of My Life Again", and appeared in "" in 2015.


title: Angourie Rice

text: In 2016, Rice had her break-out performance as Holly March in the action comedy "The Nice Guys" opposite Ryan Gosling and Russell Crowe. She also appeared in the science-fiction fantasy film "" as Tegan, a supernatural villain. In 2017, she played Eliza Wishart in the Australian film adaptation of the novel "Jasper Jones" which garnered several AACTA nominations. She also played Jane in "The Beguiled".


title: Angourie Rice

text: Rice played Betty Brant in the 2017 film "". She reprised the part, this time in a more significant role, in the 2019 sequel "". She reprised the role again in the web series "The Daily Bugle", and yet again in "".


title: Angourie Rice

text: In 2018, Rice headlined the romantic drama "Every Day", and as Lisa in the Australian film adaptation of "Ladies in Black for" which she won an AACTA award for Best Lead Actress. In 2019, Rice starred opposite Miley Cyrus in the Season 5 finale of "Black Mirror", an episode described as a "save-the-day buddy romp" and "a teen sci-fi adventure". In 2021, Rice was listed in Variety magazine's coveted 'Actors to Watch' list, as well as their 'Power of Young Hollywood' list. She played the role of Siobhan in "Mare of Easttown" opposite Kate Winslet. She noted that the Delco accent was hard to master and worked hard to tone down her Australian accent. In April 2022, Rice was cast to star alongside Jennifer Garner in the Apple TV+ miniseries "The Last Thing He Told Me". In December 2022, Rice was cast as Cady Heron in the film-adaptation of the Broadway musical Mean Girls, based on the 2004 hit film alongside Auli’i Cravalho, Renée Rapp, and Jaquel Spivey, to be released on Paramount+ .


title: Angourie Rice

text: Inspired from her current book club activities, she runs the podcast "The Community Library" with an aim to democratise critical reading skills. The podcast started its first episode in 2019.