title: Life expectancy

text: The long-standing quest for longer life led in the 2010s to a more promising focus on increasing HALE, also known as a person's "healthspan". Besides the benefits of keeping people healthier longer, a goal is to reduce health-care expenses on the many diseases associated with cellular senescence. Approaches being explored include fasting, exercise, and senolytic drugs.


title: Life expectancy

text: Forecasting life expectancy and mortality form an important subdivision of demography. Future trends in life expectancy have huge implications for old-age support programs (like U.S. Social Security and pension) since the cash flow in these systems depends on the number of recipients who are still living (along with the rate of return on the investments or the tax rate in pay-as-you-go systems). With longer life expectancies, the systems see increased cash outflow; if the systems underestimate increases in life-expectancies, they will be unprepared for the large payments that will occur, as humans live longer and longer.


title: Life expectancy

text: Life expectancy is one of the factors in measuring the Human Development Index (HDI) of each nation along with adult literacy, education, and standard of living.


title: Life expectancy

text: Life expectancy is used in describing the physical quality of life of an area. It is also used for an individual when the value of a life settlement is determined a life insurance policy is sold for a cash asset.


title: Life expectancy

text: Disparities in life expectancy are often cited as demonstrating the need for better medical care or increased social support. A strongly associated indirect measure is income inequality. For the top 21 industrialized countries, if each person is counted equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = −0.907). There is a similar relationship among states in the U.S. (r = −0.620).


title: Life expectancy

text: Life expectancy is commonly confused with the average age an adult could expect to live. This confusion may create the expectation that an adult would be unlikely to exceed an average life expectancy, even though, with all statistical probability, an adult, who has already avoided many statistical causes of adolescent mortality, should be expected to outlive the average life expectancy calculated from birth. One must compare the life expectancy of the period after childhood to estimate also the life expectancy of an adult. Life expectancy can change dramatically after childhood, even in preindustrial times as is demonstrated by the Roman Life Expectancy table, which estimates life expectancy to be 25 years "at birth", but 53 years upon reaching age 25. Additional studies similarly show a dramatic increase in life expectancy once adulthood was reached.


title: Life expectancy

text: Life expectancy differs from maximum life span. Life expectancy is an average for all people in the population—including those who die shortly after birth, those who die in early adulthood (e.g. childbirth, war), and those who live unimpeded until old age. Maximum lifespan is an individual-specific concept, and therefore is an upper bound rather than an average. Science author Christopher Wanjek writes, "[H]as the human race increased its life span? Not at all. This is one of the biggest misconceptions about old age: we are not living any longer." The maximum life span, or oldest age a human can live, may be constant. Further, there are many examples of people living significantly longer than the average life expectancy of their time period, such as Socrates (71), Saint Anthony the Great (105), Michelangelo (88), and John Adams (90).


title: Life expectancy

text: However, anthropologist John D. Hawks criticizes the popular conflation of life span (life expectancy) and maximum life span when popular science writers falsely imply that the average adult human does not live longer than their ancestors. He writes, "[a]ge-specific mortality rates have declined across the adult lifespan. A smaller fraction of adults die at 20, at 30, at 40, at 50, and so on across the lifespan. As a result, we live longer on average... In every way we can measure, human lifespans are longer today than in the immediate past, and longer today than they were 2000 years ago... age-specific mortality rates in adults really have reduced substantially."


title: John Oliver

text: John William Oliver (born 23 April 1977) is a British-American comedian, writer, producer, political commentator, actor, and television host. Oliver started his career as a stand-up comedian in the United Kingdom. He came to wider attention for his work in the United States on "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart" as its senior British correspondent from 2006 to 2013. Oliver won three Primetime Emmy Awards for writing for "The Daily Show" and was the show's guest host for an eight-week period in 2013. In addition, Oliver co-hosted the satirical comedy podcast "The Bugle" (2007–2015) with Andy Zaltzman, with whom Oliver had previously co-hosted the radio series "Political Animal", and hosted "John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show" on Comedy Central from 2010 to 2013. He has also acted on television, most notably in a recurring role as Professor Ian Duncan on the NBC sitcom "Community", and in films, notably voice-over work in "The Smurfs" (2011), "The Smurfs 2" (2013), and the 2019 remake of "The Lion King". He became a US citizen in 2019.


title: John Oliver

text: Since 2014, Oliver has been the host of the HBO series "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver". He has received widespread critical and popular recognition for his work on the series, whose influence over US culture, legislation, and policymaking has been dubbed the "John Oliver effect". For his work on "Last Week Tonight", Oliver has won fourteen Emmy Awards and two Peabody Awards and was included in the 2015 "Time 100", being described as a "comedic agent of change...powerful because he isn't afraid to tackle important issues thoughtfully, without fear or apology". Oliver's work has been described as journalism or investigative journalism, a description Oliver rejects.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver was born on 23 April 1977 in Erdington, Birmingham, West Midlands, England, to Carole and Jim Oliver. His father was both a school headmaster and social worker, and his mother was a music teacher. His father was from the Wirral and mother from Liverpool, Merseyside. His uncle was the composer Stephen Oliver. William Boyd Carpenter, Bishop of Ripon and court chaplain to Queen Victoria, was his paternal great-great-grandfather. Oliver learned to play the viola as a child.


title: John Oliver

text: Since childhood, he has been a fan of Liverpool FC, noting in interviews that "my mum's family are from Knotty Ash and my dad's family are from the Wirral, so supporting Liverpool was very much not a choice". Oliver was educated in Bedford at the Mark Rutherford School.


title: John Oliver

text: Following secondary school, he studied at Christ's College, Cambridge. While a student there in the mid-to-late 1990s, Oliver was a member of the Cambridge Footlights, the university theatrical club run by students of Cambridge University. Oliver's contemporaries included David Mitchell and Richard Ayoade. In 1997, he became the club's vice president. In 1998, Oliver graduated from Cambridge with a degree in English.


title: John Oliver

text: In an appearance on "Late Night with Seth Meyers", Oliver revealed one of his first paying jobs was writing for the British morning show "The Big Breakfast".


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver first appeared at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2001 as part of "The Comedy Zone", a late-night showcase of newer acts, where he played the character of an "oleaginous journalist". Oliver frequently worked with other members of the Chocolate Milk Gang, a group of comedians who often collaborated and performed with one another, including Daniel Kitson, Russell Howard, David O'Doherty, and Alun Cochrane. He performed his debut solo show at the 2002 Edinburgh Festival Fringe and returned in 2003. In 2004 and 2005, he collaborated with Andy Zaltzman on a double act and co-hosting "Political Animal", with various acts performing political material.


title: John Oliver

text: After moving from the UK to New York City for "The Daily Show", Oliver began performing stand-up in small clubs around the city and later headlined shows in larger venues. Oliver's first stand-up special, titled "John Oliver: Terrifying Times", debuted on Comedy Central in 2008 and was later released on DVD. Since 2010, Oliver has hosted four seasons of "John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show". In 2013, he went to Afghanistan on a USO tour to perform stand-up for the troops there.


title: John Oliver

text: According to Edward Helmore in "The Guardian", "His style leans toward the kind that Americans like best from the British – exaggerated, full of odd accents and mannerisms, in the vein of Monty Python." Oliver has used his British culture as a primary subject of his jokes. Oliver describes his own accent as a "mongrel" of Brummie, Scouse, and Bedford influences.


title: John Oliver

text: Prior to joining "The Daily Show", Oliver was making appearances on British television as a panellist on the satirical news quiz "Mock the Week". He was a frequent guest on the first two series in 2005 and 2006, appearing in seven out of eleven episodes.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver joined "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart" as its Senior British Correspondent in July 2006. He says he was interviewed for the show on the recommendation of comedian Ricky Gervais, who had never met Oliver, but was familiar with his work. Two weeks after the interview, he got the job, flying from London to New York on a Sunday and unexpectedly appearing on camera the next day. Oliver received Emmy Awards for outstanding writing in 2009, 2011, and 2012.


title: John Oliver

text: During the summer of 2013, Oliver guest-hosted "The Daily Show" for eight weeks while Stewart directed his film "Rosewater". Oliver's performance received positive reviews, with some critics suggesting that he should eventually succeed Stewart as the host, or receive his own show. CBS discussed the possibility of Oliver replacing Craig Ferguson on "The Late Late Show". Three months after his role as the interim "Daily Show" host ended, HBO announced it was giving Oliver his own late-night show.


title: John Oliver

text: From October 2007 to May 2015, Oliver co-hosted "The Bugle", a weekly satirical comedy podcast, with Andy Zaltzman. Originally produced by "The Times", it became an independent project in 2012. Its 200th episode aired on 13 July 2012. The show reached a download count of 500,000 a month.


title: John Oliver

text: In 2009, Comedy Central announced that it would be ordering six episodes of the Oliver-hosted "John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show", a stand-up series on Comedy Central that featured sets from himself and other stand-up comedians, including Janeane Garofalo, Brian Posehn, Paul F. Tompkins and Marc Maron. Oliver executive-produced the show along with Avalon Television's Richard Allen-Turner, David Martin, James Taylor and Jon Thoday. Each episode featured four comics. From 2010 to 2013, four seasons of the show were produced, the final season lasting eight episodes.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver began hosting "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver", a late-night talk show that takes a satirical look at politics and current events, on 27 April 2014. His initial two-year contract with HBO was extended through 2017 in February 2015, and through 2020 in September 2017. Oliver says he has full creative freedom, including free rein to criticise corporations, given HBO's ad-free subscription model. His work on the show led to Oliver being named on the list of "Time" magazine's "100 Most Influential People" in 2015.


title: John Oliver

text: In 2018, "Last Week Tonight" was honoured with a Peabody Award in the "Entertainment" category for "bringing satire and journalism even closer together", at the 77th Annual Peabody Awards.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver had a recurring role on the NBC comedy "Community" as psychology professor Ian Duncan. However, he declined to become a regular cast member because he did not want to leave "The Daily Show". He did not appear in the third and fourth seasons, but returned in season five, appearing in seven of its thirteen episodes. He was not in season six which aired on Yahoo!


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver has also worked on "Gravity Falls" as the voice of Sherlock Holmes (season 1, episode 3), "Rick and Morty" as an amoeba named Dr Xenon Bloom (season 1, episode 3), "People Like Us" as a bank manager (season 2, episode 5), "" as the voice of Coach Green (season 1, episode 9), "My Hero" as a man from the BBC (season 2, episode 5), "Green Wing" as a car salesman (season 1, episode 1), and "Bob's Burgers" as a cat agent (season 7, episode 10). Oliver voiced the camp counsellor Harry on season four on the Netflix series "Big Mouth".


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver guest-starred as Booth Wilkes-John in the episode "Pay Pal" of the FOX animated television series "The Simpsons".


title: John Oliver

text: In 2008, Oliver was given his first film role, playing Dick Pants in "The Love Guru". He later voiced Vanity Smurf in "The Smurfs" film and its sequel. He was originally cast in 2010 to star in the Terry Jones film "Absolutely Anything" as Neil Clarke, but scheduling conflicts due to the debut of "Last Week Tonight" in 2014 led to the role being recast for Simon Pegg. In 2019, Oliver voiced porcupine Steve in the CGI animation "Wonder Park" and hornbill Zazu in the remake of Disney's "The Lion King".


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver wrote and presented a BBC America campaign to have viewers use subtitles (closed captioning). Shown in brief segments before shows, "The following program contains accents you would have heard a lot more if you hadn't thrown our tea into Boston Harbour", says one. "Not even British people can follow the British accent 100 per cent of the time. Therefore you, like me, might want to use closed-captioning." Oliver used some of these jokes in his stand-up routine.


title: John Oliver

text: In 1997, Oliver acted in a British television advert promoting the use of cable telecommunication systems for Cable & Wireless plc.


title: John Oliver

text: From 2002 to 2003, Oliver worked on the BBC 3 comedy series "The State We're In", along with Anita Rani, Jon Holmes, and Robin Ince.


title: John Oliver

text: In 2003, Oliver manned the "results desk" on an election night episode of Armando Iannucci's satirical show "Gash" on Channel 4. He would work with Iannucci again in 2005, as a panellist in the second episode of "Armando Iannucci's Charm Offensive".


title: John Oliver

text: In 2004, Oliver wrote and performed in the satirical radio programme "The Department" on BBC Radio 4, with frequent comedy partner Andy Zaltzman and Chris Addison. He portrayed the character Victor Gooch for all three series, prior to its cancellation in 2006.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver performed various roles in the 2009 Comedy Central series "Important Things with Demetri Martin".


title: John Oliver

text: In 2009, Oliver made a cameo appearance as the actor Rip Torn in the music video for the Fiery Furnaces single "Even in the Rain", which is based on the story of the making of the film "Easy Rider".


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver has said that among his comedic influences are Armando Iannucci, David Letterman, Monty Python, Peter Cook, Richard Pryor, and Jon Stewart. On Monty Python he states, "citing them as an influence is almost redundant. It's assumed. I saw "Life of Brian" in middle school, when a substitute teacher put it on to keep us quiet on a rainy day. I'm not sure he knew exactly what he was showing us, but I've always been hugely grateful for the reckless professional mistake he made that day, because I've never forgotten how it made me feel."


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver's comedic commentary has been credited with helping influence US legislation, regulations, court rulings, and other aspects of US culture; this influence has been dubbed "The John Oliver effect". This came from the show's fifth episode, which dealt with net neutrality, a subject that had previously been considered obscure and technical. Oliver documented problems attributed to internet service providers and argued that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) could resolve these concerns with upcoming changes to internet regulation. Oliver then encouraged viewers to submit public comments through the FCC's website. The FCC's website promptly crashed. Internal FCC emails revealed the clip was being watched inside the agency. FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler publicly addressed the video. The FCC was flooded with 3.7 million comments on the subject, by far the most for any issue in the agency's history. Reporters detected a shift in the FCC's stance: Before Oliver's segment, "The New York Times" described an FCC proposal that would leave net neutrality "all but dead", but the paper later said that chairman Wheeler showed "a steady shift toward stronger regulation". Ultimately, the FCC enacted robust net neutrality rules that classified broadband internet service as a public utility. Oliver was credited with transforming the net neutrality debate.


title: John Oliver

text: A Ninth Circuit Court judge cited a "Last Week Tonight" segment about the lesser constitutional rights of residents of US territories in a ruling in favour of the residents of Guam. Members of Congress credited Oliver with helping win a vote to enforce protections for chicken farmers who speak out about industry practices after a "Last Week Tonight" segment aired on the subject. A Washington, D.C., council member proposed a resolution in Oliver's honour after he aired a segment on the district's struggle to attain statehood.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver maintains that he is not a journalist, but reporters have argued that his show does engage in journalism. The Peabody Awards honoured Oliver, saying his program engages in "investigative reports that 'real' news programs would do well to emulate". One example of Oliver's investigative work is a segment on The Miss America organization, which bills itself as "the world's largest provider of scholarships for women." Oliver's team, which includes four researchers with journalism backgrounds, collected and analysed the organization's state and federal tax forms to find that its scholarship programme only distributes a small fraction of the claimed "$45 million made available annually". Oliver said that at the national level, the Miss America Organization and Miss America Foundation together spent only $482,000 in cash scholarships in 2012. Oliver found that at the state level, The Miss Alabama Pageant claimed that it had provided $2,592,000 in scholarships to Troy University despite not actually distributing any such scholarships. The official YouTube video of Oliver's Miss America segment has been viewed more than 15 million times. The Society of Women Engineers said Oliver's reference to their scholarship led to $25,000 in donations over the subsequent two days.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver has also founded and legally incorporated a church, Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption, to demonstrate how easy it is to qualify as a church and receive tax exempt status in the United States. The church was created in conjunction with a segment on televangelists who have tax-free mansions and private jets funded by millions of dollars in donations, which are sent in the belief that money given to televangelists can result in God rewarding donors with money, blessings, and cured diseases. The next week, Oliver showed off the large quantity of unsolicited donations posted to him, which included $70,000 in cash, a large cheque, and other gifts. The church's website stated that donations would go to Doctors Without Borders upon the church's dissolution.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver's February 2016 segment on presidential candidate Donald Trump received over 85 million views on Facebook and YouTube within a month, and was reportedly the "most watched piece of HBO content ever". A network spokesperson said that this was "a record for any piece of HBO content". In 2018 on "Last Week Tonight", Oliver presented "A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo", a gay parody of "Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President" with Marlon Bundo as protagonist.


title: John Oliver

text: In August 2020, Mayor Mark Boughton announced plans to rename the City of Danbury Sewer Treatment Plant as the "John Oliver Memorial Sewer Plant" in retaliation for remarks Oliver had previously made mocking Danbury. This was completed after the approval of local government, with Oliver attending the opening ceremony.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver lives in New York City with his wife Kate Norley, an Iraq War veteran who served as a United States Army medic. Oliver has said that they met at the 2008 Republican National Convention; he was doing a piece for "The Daily Show" and Norley was campaigning with Vets for Freedom. She and other veterans hid Oliver, the other correspondents, and the camera crew from security. The two married in October 2011, and have two sons, one born prematurely in 2015 and one born in 2018. Oliver occasionally wears a 1st Cavalry Division lapel pin – his wife's unit in Iraq.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver's immigration status placed certain constraints on what he could do in his adopted country, but also provided him with comedy material as he poked fun at the opacity and occasional absurdity of the process of obtaining US residency. Oliver was one of the many writers on the picket lines during the Writers' Guild strike, which brought "The Daily Show" to a halt; he appeared on the show upon its resuming production on 7 January 2008. During a sketch, he pointed out that he was then in America on a visitors' visa that requires him not to strike while the show is in production, as violation of the terms of the visa would be grounds for deportation. When asked about his residency status in early 2009, Oliver said, "It's an ongoing, and slightly unsettling, battle to be honest. I tried engraving 'Give me your tired, your poor, and your aspiring comic performers' into the base of the Statue of Liberty, but apparently that's not legally binding."


title: John Oliver

text: In an episode of "The Bugle" released 2 November 2009, and recorded on 30 October 2009, Oliver announced he "finally got approved for [his] green card" (for US residency), noting that now he can "get arrested filming bits for "The Daily Show"". Oliver says he was given a scare when applying at the United States embassy in London, when an immigration officer asked, "Give me one good reason I should let you back in to insult my country?" which the officer followed up with, "Oh, I'm just kidding, I love the show". Since then, he has referred to Americans as "us" or "you" based on what each segment has demanded. Oliver was naturalized as a US citizen on 13 December 2019.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver's philanthropy includes an on-air giveaway in which he forgave over $15 million of medical debt owed by over 9,000 people. He purchased the debt for $60,000 and forgave it on his show on 4 June 2016.


title: John Oliver

text: Since moving to the United States, Oliver has been a fan of the New York Mets. Oliver has said that being a New York Yankees fan would be the "wrong thing to do morally".


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver was raised in the Church of England. His Anglicanism lapsed when he was aged 12 because of the death of a school friend and an uncle, and a feeling of not having received any useful answers from his church.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver has been opposed to Brexit, making multiple pieces about it and calling it "painful, it's pointless, and most of you didn't even agree to run it; you were just signed up by your dumbest friend". He also found it "sad" to consider that his children with British citizenship would not experience the benefits of the EU. He has also been highly critical of the British Conservative Party and Boris Johnson in particular. In November 2022, he made a piece criticising the British monarchy, stating "we've long evolved past needing them". He also criticised the Royal Family's secrecy concerning their wealth, calling them "a freeloading multimillionaire family exempt from paying most taxes" and stating that "the Royal Family's wealth ― unlike its gene pool ― is massive".


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver declined an Order of the British Empire. On a September 2022 edition of "Late Night with Seth Meyers", he said he declined the award because the words "British Empire" in its title made him uncomfortable.


title: John Oliver

text: Oliver endorsed Joe Biden for president of the United States and celebrated Biden and Kamala Harris's victory in the 2020 US presidential election. He warned that "more than 70 million people voted for [Trump] and everything he said and stands for, and that is something we are going to have to reckon with for the foreseeable future".


title: John Oliver

text: In May 2021, Oliver said Israeli airstrikes on civilian buildings in the Gaza Strip "sure seem like a war crime" and added that "Life in Gaza is hard even when they're not being bombed, and the US government has implicitly co-signed on the brutally hard line Israel's been taking."


title: John Oliver

text: In May 2018, Australian actor Russell Crowe donated approximately $80,000 to the Australia Zoo wildlife hospital for the creation and naming of "The John Oliver Koala Chlamydia Ward". Oliver had previously bought several movie props screen-used by Crowe in an auction, including his jockstrap from the movie "Cinderella Man", which he sent to the last Alaskan Blockbuster Video store for exhibition. Crowe then donated the proceeds from the auction towards the establishment of the Chlamydia Ward named after Oliver, calling it "a cool way" to honour him. Covering the story on his show, Oliver admitted admiration for the gag: "Well played Russell Crowe. Well played indeed. That may honestly be the greatest thing I've ever seen." Crowe visited the ward in early 2020, posing with the nameplate bearing Oliver's name.


title: John Oliver

text: In August 2020, Danbury, Connecticut mayor Mark Boughton announced in a Facebook video his intention to rename the Danbury Water Pollution Control Plant as the "John Oliver Memorial Sewer Plant" as a comedic symbol of his displeasure at Oliver's hyperbolic insult to the city during a segment concerning alleged racial disparities in a jury selection process. After reporting that Connecticut jury rolls had excluded two entire towns, Oliver said, "If you're going to forget a town in Connecticut, why not forget Danbury?" Oliver then humorously offered to "thrash" the entire town, including its children.


title: John Oliver

text: As a response to mayor Boughton's sardonic video, Oliver embraced the idea enthusiastically, promising to donate $55,000 to Danbury's charities if the town renamed the sewage plant after him.


title: John Oliver

text: After the city council voted 18–1 in favour of naming the plant after him, Oliver secretly visited Danbury on 8 October 2020 to attend the unveiling ceremony in person, wearing a Hazmat suit. Mayor Boughton had made Oliver's personal attendance a condition for the renaming, and Oliver complied, revealing footage of his trip on "Last Week Tonight" the following week.


title: Denali

text: Denali (; also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name) is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of and a topographic isolation of , Denali is the third most prominent and third most isolated peak on Earth, after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska, Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve.


title: Denali

text: The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as "Denali" for centuries. In 1896, a gold prospector named it "Mount McKinley" in support of then-presidential candidate William McKinley; that name was the official name recognized by the federal government of the United States from 1917 until 2015. In August 2015, 40 years after Alaska had done so, the United States Department of the Interior announced the change of the official name of the mountain to Denali.


title: Denali

text: In 1903, James Wickersham recorded the first attempt at climbing Denali, which was unsuccessful. In 1906, Frederick Cook claimed the first ascent, but this ascent is unverified and its legitimacy questioned. The first verifiable ascent to Denali's summit was achieved on June 7, 1913, by climbers Hudson Stuck, Harry Karstens, Walter Harper, and Robert Tatum, who went by the South Summit. In 1951, Bradford Washburn pioneered the West Buttress route, considered to be the safest and easiest route, and therefore the most popular currently in use.


title: Denali

text: On September 2, 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey announced that the mountain is high, not , as measured in 1952 using photogrammetry.


title: Denali

text: Denali is a granitic pluton, mostly pink quartz monzonite, lifted by tectonic pressure from the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate; at the same time, the sedimentary material above and around the mountain was stripped away by erosion. The forces that lifted Denali also caused many deep earthquakes in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. The Pacific Plate is seismically active beneath Denali, a tectonic region that is known as the "McKinley cluster".


title: Denali

text: Denali has a summit elevation of above sea level, making it the highest peak in North America and the northernmost mountain above elevation in the world. Measured from base to peak at some , it is among the largest mountains situated entirely above sea level. Denali rises from a sloping plain with elevations from , for a base-to-peak height of .


title: Denali

text: By comparison, Mount Everest rises from the Tibetan Plateau at a much higher base elevation. Base elevations for Everest range from on the south side to on the Tibetan Plateau, for a base-to-peak height in the range of . Denali's base-to-peak height is little more than half the of the volcano Mauna Kea, which lies mostly under water.


title: Denali

text: Denali has two significant summits: the South Summit is the higher one, while the North Summit has an elevation of and a prominence of approximately . The North Summit is sometimes counted as a separate peak (see e.g., fourteener) and sometimes not; it is rarely climbed, except by those doing routes on the north side of the massif.


title: Denali

text: Five large glaciers flow off the slopes of the mountain. The Peters Glacier lies on the northwest side of the massif, while the Muldrow Glacier falls from its northeast slopes. Just to the east of the Muldrow, and abutting the eastern side of the massif, is the Traleika Glacier. The Ruth Glacier lies to the southeast of the mountain, and the Kahiltna Glacier leads up to the southwest side of the mountain. With a length of , the Kahiltna Glacier is the longest glacier in the Alaska Range.


title: Denali

text: The Koyukon Athabaskans who inhabit the area around the mountain have for centuries referred to the peak as or . The name is based on a Koyukon word for 'high' or 'tall'. During the Russian ownership of Alaska, the common name for the mountain was (; 'big'; 'mountain'), which is the Russian translation of "Denali". It was briefly called Densmore's Mountain in the late 1880s and early 1890s after Frank Densmore, a gold prospector who was the first non-native Alaskan to reach the base of the mountain.


title: Denali

text: In 1896, a gold prospector named it "McKinley" as political support for then-presidential candidate William McKinley, who became president the following year. The United States formally recognized the name Mount McKinley after President Wilson signed the Mount McKinley National Park Act of February 26, 1917. In 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson declared the north and south peaks of the mountain the "Churchill Peaks", in honor of British statesman Winston Churchill. The Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain to "Denali" in 1975, which was how it is called locally. However, a request in 1975 from the Alaska state legislature to the United States Board on Geographic Names to do the same at the federal level was blocked by Ohio congressman Ralph Regula, whose district included McKinley's home town of Canton.


title: Denali

text: On August 30, 2015, just ahead of a presidential visit to Alaska, the Barack Obama administration announced the name "Denali" would be restored in line with the Alaska Geographic Board's designation. U.S. Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell issued the order changing the name to Denali on August 28, 2015, effective immediately. Jewell said the change had been "a long time coming". The renaming of the mountain received praise from Alaska's senior U.S. senator, Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), who had previously introduced legislation to accomplish the name change, but it drew criticism from several politicians from President McKinley's home state of Ohio, such as Governor John Kasich, U.S. Senator Rob Portman, U.S. House Speaker John Boehner, and Representative Bob Gibbs, who described Obama's action as "constitutional overreach" because he said an act of Congress was required to rename the mountain. The "Alaska Dispatch News" reported that the Secretary of the Interior has authority under federal law to change geographic names when the Board of Geographic Names does not act on a naming request within a "reasonable" period of time. Jewell told the "Alaska Dispatch News" that "I think any of us would think that 40 years is an unreasonable amount of time."


title: Denali

text: Indigenous names for Denali can be found in seven different Alaskan languages. The names fall into two categories. To the south of the Alaska Range in the Dena'ina and Ahtna languages the mountain is known by names that are translated as "big mountain". To the north of the Alaska Range in the Lower Tanana, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Holikachuk, and Deg Xinag languages the mountain is known by names that are translated as "the high one", "the tall one" (Koyukon, Lower and Middle Tanana, Upper Kuskokwim, Deg Xinag, and Holikachuk), or "big mountain" (Ahtna and Dena'ina).


title: Denali

text: Asked about the importance of the mountain and its name, Will Mayo, former president of the Tanana Chiefs Conference, an organization that represents 42 Athabaskan tribes in the Alaskan interior, said "It’s not one homogeneous belief structure around the mountain, but we all agree that we’re all deeply gratified by the acknowledgment of the importance of Denali to Alaska’s people."


title: Denali

text: The Koyukon Athabaskans, living in the Yukon, Tanana and Kuskokwim basins, were the first Native Americans with access to the flanks of the mountain. A British naval captain and explorer, George Vancouver, is the first European on record to have sighted Denali, when he noted "distant stupendous mountains" while surveying the Knik Arm of the Cook Inlet on May 6, 1794. The Russian explorer Lavrenty Zagoskin explored the Tanana and Kuskokwim rivers in 1843 and 1844, and was likely the first European to sight the mountain from the other side.


title: Denali

text: William Dickey, a New Hampshire-born resident of Seattle, Washington who had been digging for gold in the sands of the Susitna River, wrote, after his returning from Alaska, an account in the "New York Sun" that appeared on January 24, 1897. His report drew attention with the sentence "We have no doubt that this peak is the highest in North America, and estimate that it is over high." Until then, Mount Logan in Canada's Yukon Territory was believed to be the continent's highest point. Though later praised for his estimate, Dickey admitted that other prospector parties had also guessed the mountain to be over . These estimates were confirmed in 1898 by the surveyor Robert Muldrow, who measured its elevation as .


title: Denali

text: On November 5, 2012, the United States Mint released a twenty-five cent piece depicting Denali National Park. It is the fifteenth of the America the Beautiful Quarters series. The reverse features a Dall sheep with the peak of Denali in the background.


title: Denali

text: During the summer of 1902, scientist Alfred Brooks explored the flanks of the mountain as a part of an exploratory surveying party conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. The party landed at Cook Inlet in late May, then traveled east, paralleling the Alaska Range, before reaching the slopes of Denali in early August. Camped on the flank of the mountain on August 3, Brooks noted later that while "the ascent of Mount McKinley had never been part of our plans", the party decided to delay one day so "that we might actually set foot on the slopes of the mountain". Setting off alone, with good weather, on August 4, Brooks aimed to reach a shoulder. At , Brooks found his way blocked by sheer ice and, after leaving a small cairn as a marker, descended. After the party's return, Brooks co-authored a "Plan For Climbing Mt McKinley", published in "National Geographic" magazine in January, 1903, with fellow party-member and topographer D. L. Raeburn, in which they suggested that future attempts at the summit should approach from the north, not the south. The report received substantial attention, and within a year, two climbing parties declared their intent to summit.


title: Denali

text: In the early summer of 1903, Judge James Wickersham, then of Eagle, Alaska, made the first recorded attempt to climb Denali, along with a party of four others. The group attempted to get as close to the mountain as possible via the Kantishna river by steamer, before offloading and following Chitsia Creek with a poling boat, mules and backpacks, a route suggested to them by Tanana Athabaskan people they met along the way. The party received further navigational assistance at Anotoktilon, an Athabaskan hunting camp, where residents gave the group detailed directions to reach the glaciers at the foot of Denali. On reaching the mountain, the mountaineers set up base camp on the lower portion of Peters Glacier. Aiming for the northwest buttress of Denali's north peak, they attempted to ascend directly; however, crevasses, ice fall and the lack of a clear passage caused them to turn and attempt to follow a spur via Jeffery Glacier where they believed they could see a way to the summit. After a dangerous ascent, at around , Wickersham found that the route did not connect as it had appeared from below, instead discovering "a tremendous precipice beyond which we cannot go. Our only line of further ascent would be to climb the vertical wall of the mountain at our left, and that is impossible." This wall, now known as the Wickersham Wall, juts upwards from the glacier to the north peak of Denali. Because of the route's history of avalanche danger, it was not successfully climbed until 1963.


title: Denali

text: Later in the summer of 1903, Dr. Frederick Cook led a team of five men on another attempt at the summit. Cook was already an experienced explorer and had been a party-member on successful arctic expeditions led both by Robert Peary and Roald Amundsen. Yet he struggled to obtain funding for the expedition under his own leadership, eventually putting it together "on a shoestring budget" without any other experienced climbers. The party navigated up the Cook inlet and followed the path of the 1902 Brooks party towards Denali. Cook approached the mountain via the Peters Glacier, as Wickersham had done; however, he was able to overcome the ice fall that had caused the previous group to turn up the spur towards the Wickersham Wall. Despite avoiding this obstacle, on August 31, having reached an elevation of about on the northwest buttress of the north peak, the party found they had reached a dead end and could make no further progress. On the descent, the group completely circumnavigated the mountain, the first climbing party to do so. Although Cook's 1903 expedition did not reach the summit, he received acclaim for the accomplishment, a trek in which he not only circled the entire mountain but also found, on the descent, an accessible pass northeast of the Muldrow Glacier following the headwaters of the Toklat and Chulitna rivers.


title: Denali

text: In 1906, Cook launched another expedition to Denali with co-leader Herschel Parker, a Columbia University professor of electrical engineering with extensive mountaineering experience. Belmore Browne, an experienced climber and five other men comprised the rest of the group. Cook and Parker's group spent the bulk of the summer season exploring the southern and southeastern approaches to the mountain, eventually reaching a high point on Tokositna glacier, from the summit. During their explorations the party mapped out many of the tributaries and glaciers of the Susitna river along the mountain's south flank. As the summer ended, the team retreated to the coast and began to disperse. In September 1906, Cook and a single party-member, horseman Robert Barrill, struck out towards the summit again, in what Cook later described as "a last desperate attempt" in a telegram to his financial backers. Cook and Barrill spent 12 days in total on the attempt, and claimed to have reached the summit via the Ruth Glacier.


title: Denali

text: Upon hearing Cook's claims, Parker and Browne were immediately suspicious. Browne later wrote that he knew Cook's claims were lies, just as "any New Yorker would know that no man could walk from the Brooklyn Bridge to Grant's Tomb [a distance of eight miles] in ten minutes." In May 1907, "Harper's Magazine" published Cook's account of the climb along with a photograph of what appeared to be Barrill standing on the summit. By 1909, Barrill had recanted at least part of his story about the climb, and others publicly questioned the account; however, Cook continued to assert his claim The controversy continued for decades. In 1956, mountaineers Bradford Washburn and Walter Gonnason tried to settle the matter, with Gonnason attempting to follow Cook's purported route to the summit. Washburn noted inconsistencies between Cook's account of locations of glaciers and found a spot, at and southeast of the summit that appeared identical to the supposed summit image. Gonnason was not able to complete the climb, but because he was turned back by poor weather, felt that this did not definitely disprove Cook's story. In 1998, historian Robert Bryce discovered an original and un-cropped version of the "fake peak" photograph of Barrill standing on the promontory. It showed a wider view of surrounding features, appearing to definitively discount Cook's claim.


title: Denali

text: Given the skepticism surrounding Cook's story, interest in claiming the first ascent remained. Miners and other Alaskans living in Kantishna and Fairbanks wanted the honors to go to local men. In 1909, four Alaska residents – Tom Lloyd, Peter Anderson, Billy Taylor, and Charles McGonagall – set out from Fairbanks, Alaska in late December with supplies and dogs that were in part paid for by bettors in a Fairbanks bar. By March 1910, the men had established a base camp near one of the sites where the Brooks party had been and pressed on from the north via the Muldrow glacier. Unlike some previous expeditions, they discovered a pass, since named McGonagall Pass, which allowed them to bypass the Wickersham Wall and access the higher reaches of the mountain. At roughly , Tom Lloyd, old and less physically fit than the others, stayed behind. According to their account, the remaining three men pioneered a route following Karstens Ridge around the Harper Icefall, then reached the upper basin before ascending to Pioneer Ridge. The three men carried a spruce pole. Around , Charles McGonagall, older and having exhausted himself carrying the spruce pole, remained behind. On April 3, 1910, Billy Taylor and Peter Anderson scrambled the final few hundred feet to reach the north peak of Denali, at high, the shorter of the two peaks. The pair erected the pole near the top, with the hope that it would be visible from lower reaches to prove they had made it.


title: Denali

text: Following the expedition, Tom Lloyd returned to Fairbanks, while the three others remained in Kantishna to mine. In Lloyd's recounting, all four men made it to the top of not only the north peak, but the higher south peak as well. When the remaining three men returned to town with conflicting accounts, the entire expedition's legitimacy was questioned. Several years later, another climbing group would claim to have seen the spruce pole in the distance, supporting their north peak claim. However, some continue to doubt they reached the summit. Outside of the single later climbing group, who were friendly with some of the Sourdough expedition men, no other group would ever see it. Jon Waterman, author of the book "Chasing Denali", which explored the controversy, outlined several reasons to doubt the claim: There was never any photographic evidence. The four men climbed during the winter season, known for much more difficult conditions, along a route that has never been fully replicated. They were inexperienced climbers, ascending without any of the usual safety gear or any care for altitude sickness. They claimed to have ascended from to the top in less than 18 hours, unheard of at a time when siege-style alpinism was the norm. Yet Waterman says "these guys were men of the trail. They didn't care what anybody thought. They were just tough SOBs." He noted that the men were largely unlettered and that some of the ensuing doubt was related to their lack of sophistication in dealing with the press and the contemporary climbing establishment.


title: Denali

text: In 1912, the Parker-Browne expedition nearly reached the summit, turning back within just a few hundred yards/meters of it due to harsh weather. On July 7, the day after their descent, a 7.4-magnitude earthquake shattered the glacier they had ascended.


title: Denali

text: The first ascent of the main summit of Denali came on June 7, 1913, by a party led by Hudson Stuck and Harry Karstens, along with Walter Harper and Robert Tatum. Karstens moved to Alaska in the gold rush of 1897, and in subsequent years became involved in a variety of endeavors beyond mining, including helping establish dog mushing routes to deliver mail across vast swathes of territory and supporting expeditions led by naturalist Charles Sheldon near the base of Denali. Stuck was an English-born Episcopal priest who came to Alaska by chance. He became acclimated to the often harsh Alaskan environment because of his many travels between far-flung outposts within his district, climbing mountains as a hobby. At 21 years old, Harper was already known as a skilled and strong outdoorsman, the Alaska-born son of a Koyukon-Athabascan mother and Irish gold prospector father. Tatum, also 21 years old, was a theology student working at a Tanana mission, and the least experienced of the team. His primary responsibility on the trip was as a cook.


title: Denali

text: The team approached the peak from the north via the Muldrow glacier and McGonagall pass. While ferrying loads up to a camp at around , they suffered a setback when a stray match accidentally set fire to some supplies, including several tents. The prior year's earthquake had left what had previously been described by the Parker-Browne expedition as a gentle slope ascended in no more than three days as a dangerous, ice-strewn morass on a knife-edged ridge (later named Karstens ridge). It would take the team three weeks to cover the same ground, as Karstens and Harper laboriously cut steps into the ice. On May 30, the team, with the help of some good weather, ascended to a new high camp, situated at in the Grand Basin between the north and south peaks. On June 7, the team made the summit attempt. Temperatures were below at times. Every man, and particularly Stuck, suffered from altitude sickness. By midday, Harper became the first climber to reach the summit, followed seconds later by Tatum and Karstens. Stuck arrived last, falling unconscious on the summit.


title: Denali

text: Using the mountain's contemporary name, Tatum later commented, "The view from the top of Mount McKinley is like looking out the windows of Heaven!" During the climb, Stuck spotted, via binoculars, the presence of a large pole near the North Summit; this report confirmed the Sourdough ascent, and today it is widely believed that the Sourdoughs did succeed on the North Summit. However, the pole was never seen before or since, so there is still some doubt. Stuck also discovered that the Parker-Browne party were only about of elevation short of the true summit when they turned back. Stuck and Karstens' team achieved the uncontroversial first ascent of Denali's south peak; however, the news was met with muted interest by the wider climbing community. "Appalachia Journal", then the official journal of the American Alpine Club, published a small notice of the accomplishment a year later.


title: Denali

text: The mountain is regularly climbed today. In 2003, around 58% of climbers reached the top. But by that time, the mountain had claimed the lives of nearly 100 mountaineers. The vast majority of climbers use the West Buttress Route, pioneered in 1951 by Bradford Washburn, after an extensive aerial photographic analysis of the mountain. Climbers typically take two to four weeks to ascend Denali. It is one of the Seven Summits; summiting all of them is a challenge for mountaineers.


title: Denali

text: On August 4, 2018, five people died in the K2 Aviation de Havilland Beaver (DHC-2) crash near Denali.


title: Denali

text: From 1947 to 2018 in the United States "2,799 people were reported to be involved in mountaineering accidents" and 11% of these accidents occurred on Denali. Of these 2,799 accidents, 43% resulted in death and 8% of these deaths occurred on Denali.


title: Denali

text: The Japan Alpine Club installed a meteorological station on a ridge near the summit of Denali at an elevation of in 1990. In 1998, this weather station was donated to the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. In June 2002, a weather station was placed at the level. This weather station was designed to transmit data in real-time for use by the climbing public and the science community. Since its establishment, annual upgrades to the equipment have been performed with instrumentation custom built for the extreme weather and altitude conditions. This weather station is the third-highest weather station in the world.


title: Denali

text: The weather station recorded a temperature of on December 1, 2003. On the previous day of November 30, 2003, a temperature of combined with a wind speed of to produce a North American record windchill of .


title: Denali

text: According to the National Park Service, in 1932 the -Lindley expedition recovered a self-recording minimum thermometer left near Browne's Tower, at about , on Denali by the Stuck-Karstens party in 1913. The spirit thermometer was calibrated down to , and the lowest recorded temperature was below that point. Harry J. Liek took the thermometer back to Washington, D.C. where it was tested by the United States Weather Bureau and found to be accurate. The lowest temperature that it had recorded was found to be approximately . Another thermometer was placed at the level by the U.S. Army Natick Laboratory, and was there from 1950 to 1969. The coldest temperature recorded during that period was also .


title: Denali

text: Besides the North Summit mentioned above, other features on the massif which are sometimes included as separate peaks are:


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. (), usually abbreviated to Villarreal CF or simply Villarreal, is a professional football club based in Villarreal, in Castellón in eastern Spain, that plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football.


title: Villarreal CF

text: This clubs has been founded in 1923, the club passed much time of its history in the lower divisions of Spanish football and began in La Liga in 1998. In the 21st century, Villarreal gained some league stability, although they sustained relegation in 2012, rebounding the next year and then remaining in the top division to date. The club made its first appearance in the UEFA Champions League in 2005, with its best result being the semi-finals in 2006 and 2022. Villarreal also appeared in the UEFA Europa League during this time, and won the competition in 2021 by defeating Manchester United in the final, clinching their first major trophy.


title: Villarreal CF

text: The club is nicknamed "El Submarí Groguet" or "El Submarino Amarillo" (Yellow Submarine) due to its yellow home kit, and due to being a low-profile team compared to Real Madrid, Barcelona, Atlético Madrid, and regional rivals Valencia. They play their home games at the Estadio de la Cerámica, and have been touted as an example of a small but successful club.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal CF was founded as Club Deportivo Villarreal on 10 March 1923 "to promote all sports especially Football." The stadium was rented for 60 pesetas a month and ticket prices were set at half a peseta for men and a quarter of a peseta for children. Women were granted free admission. On 17 June 1923, Castellón, a modern rival of the club, played the first match against a club named after Miguel de Cervantes. On 21 October of that year, Villarreal played their first game ever, playing against Castellón. Villarreal started off with a kit of white shirts and black shorts, reflected in their first badge.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal entered regional competitions within the Spanish football pyramid from 1929 to 1930 onwards. The 1934–35 season saw the team lose to Cartagena when a win would have seen them promoted to the nationwide Second Division. The following season saw Villarreal win the First Division of the region before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War.


title: Villarreal CF

text: When the war finished in 1939, the club played again in the Second Division of the region. However, CD Villarreal was dissolved in the early 1940s, and in 1942, CA Foghetecaz, an acronym for the club's founders (Font, Gil, Herrero, Teuler, Catalá and Zaragoza), was one of several clubs established in its place. In 1946, the new club joined the Valencian Football Federation and renamed itself as CAF Villarreal, where the F stood for Foghetecaz.


title: Villarreal CF

text: The name changed again to the current Villarreal CF in 1954, with a badge similar to the present one. They finished seventh and then fourth twice in the First regional league before being promoted to the Tercera Liga (Third Nationwide) as champions in 1956. They were relegated in 1960–61 after finishing 14th.


title: Villarreal CF

text: The club adopted their present badge in the middle of 1966. In 1966–67, Villarreal returned to the Tercera as champions. In 1970, they reached the national Segunda for the first time. After narrowly avoiding relegation in their first season, they were relegated the following season. In 1975–76, they were relegated from the Tercera to the Regionals, but were promoted back again the next season. In 1986–87, Villarreal were promoted to the Segunda Liga B. In 1990, they finished 18th and were relegated back to the Tercera.


title: Villarreal CF

text: There were back-to-back promotions as the club returned to Segunda B and finished second, earning promotion to Segunda A for the first time. From 1992 to 1993, Villarreal were often in low or mid-table positions, but reached the play-offs in 1997–98 by finishing fourth. The two-legged play-off was against Compostela. Villarreal hosted the first leg which was a 0–0 draw, but the second leg at the home of the Galician team was a 1–1 draw, thus Villarreal were promoted on the away goals rule.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal's La Liga debut started with a match against reigning European champions Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium on 31 August 1998 where they lost 4-1 despite taking the lead after 3 minutes. The first home game was against Celta de Vigo the week after. Because of a difficult season, Villarreal were relegated to the Segunda División for the 1999–2000 season, but by finishing third, they were then promoted back to the Primera División.


title: Villarreal CF

text: After finishing seventh on their return to the Primera, Villarreal finished in 15th place for two-straight seasons. Villarreal competed in the UEFA Intertoto Cup in the middle of 2002, defeating FH of Iceland, Torino of Italy, and Troyes of France. They lost in the final to compatriots Málaga, 2–1 on aggregate.


title: Villarreal CF

text: In the middle of 2003, they defeated the Dutch team Heerenveen in the final of the Intertoto Cup, thereby qualifying for the UEFA Cup. In their major European debut, Villarreal reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, losing to neighbours and eventual champions Valencia. In the league, Villarreal finished in eighth place. In the middle of 2004, Villarreal retained the Intertoto Cup, beating compatriots Atlético Madrid on penalties after the final finished 2–2 on aggregate. This qualified them to the UEFA Cup. They lost in the quarter-finals of the 2004–05 UEFA Cup to Dutch side AZ, losing 3–2 on aggregate. During the same season, Villarreal finished in third place in La Liga, earning the club their first direct qualification to a European tournament, the Champions League. The club's centre-forward Diego Forlán won the Pichichi Trophy for top scorer in the league, with 25 goals.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal defeated the English Premier League's Everton in a play-off for the Champions League group stages. The group saw Villarreal go undefeated, drawing both games against Manchester United and achieving a draw and a win each against Lille of France and Benfica of Portugal. The win over Benfica was away and both teams advanced to the last 16.


title: Villarreal CF

text: The club then drew 3–3 against Rangers of Scotland in the Last 16, advancing on away goals due to a 2–2 draw at Ibrox. In the quarter-finals, Villarreal beat Internazionale on away goals after finishing 2–2 on aggregate. The club bowed out in the semi-finals against Arsenal, losing 1–0 away at Highbury. Juan Román Riquelme had a penalty saved by Jens Lehmann in the home game, which finished 0–0. Arsenal went on to lose in the final in Paris to another Spanish club, Barcelona. Villarreal finished seventh in La Liga, which only earned an Intertoto Cup position.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal contested the Intertoto Cup in the middle of 2006 and was knocked out in its first game, to Maribor of Slovenia. The first leg was lost 2–1 at home and the away game was a 1–1 draw. The team finished 5th in La Liga and qualified for the UEFA Cup. Villarreal gained their best-ever league position in 2008, finishing second to Real Madrid by eight points, and also reached the last 32 in that season's UEFA Cup. After defeating BATE Borisov of Belarus in a play-off, the team won Group C unbeaten. Their group opponents were Fiorentina of Italy, Mladá Boleslav of Czech Republic, IF Elfsborg of Sweden, and AEK Athens of Greece.


title: Villarreal CF

text: In the last 32, Villarreal were defeated by eventual champions Zenit Saint Petersburg, losing the first leg 1–0 in Russia to a Pavel Pogrebnyak goal. The second leg was won 2–1 by Villarreal at El Madrigal, but Zenit advanced on away goals.


title: Villarreal CF

text: The club automatically qualified for the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League by finishing second in La Liga the previous season. They drew Manchester United, for the second consecutive campaign, Celtic, and Aalborg BK. They made a good start by holding current European champions Manchester United to a goal-less draw at Old Trafford, a third 0–0 draw in a row against the English giants. A first win was sealed on 30 September by beating Gordon Strachan's Celtic 1–0 at El Madrigal, courtesy of a Marcos Senna free-kick. On 21 October, during a Champions League match against Aalborg, they scored six goals to three. The Spaniards went through to the knock-out stage after drawing 2–2 with Aalborg in Denmark and drawing goalless once again against Manchester United. In the last group stage match, they lost to an already-eliminated Celtic.


title: Villarreal CF

text: In the knock-out stage, they faced Panathinaikos, who left Villarreal with a 1–1 away advantage, but lost 1–2 in Athens. Villarreal reached the quarter-finals for the second time in two attempts, and were once again paired with Arsenal. The first leg saw a 1–1 draw by a Marcos Senna free kick, equalised by an Emmanuel Adebayor volley. Theo Walcott, Emmanuel Adebayor, and Robin van Persie secured a 3–0 win for Arsenal on the return, knocking Villarreal out of the tournament.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Despite finishing outside of a European qualifying spot in the domestic league, Villarreal was given a place in the qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League after UEFA determined that Mallorca's financial irregularities precluded them from taking part in the tournament.


title: Villarreal CF

text: A 5–0 home win and a 2–1 away win against Dnepr Mogilev qualified them for the group stage. Villarreal suffered an early setback following a shock 2–0 loss in their away fixture against Dinamo Zagreb. Despite this, however, later wins against Dinamo, Club Brugge and PAOK saw them top their group.


title: Villarreal CF

text: After beating Napoli, Bayer Leverkusen and Twente in the knockout phases, Villarreal qualified for the semi-finals to face tournament favourites Porto. After Villareal took a 0–1 lead at the Estádio do Dragão, Porto made a remarkable turnaround that ended in a 5–1 defeat for Villarreal. Although Villarreal won the second leg 3–2, Porto's first leg goal total saw them advance to the final on aggregate, where they beat Braga to be crowned champions. Giuseppe Rossi finished as the tournament's second top goalscorer with 11 goals, behind Porto's Radamel Falcao.


title: Villarreal CF

text: On 13 May 2012, Villarreal were relegated from La Liga after defeat to Atlético Madrid. Following a horrendous season, the club suffered a shattering tragedy when Manolo Preciado, appointed as Villarreal's new manager on 6 June 2012, died of a heart attack later that day. Following their relegation, there was a mass exodus of players at the club, with star players such as Borja Valero, Diego López, Giuseppe Rossi and Nilmar leaving the side.


title: Villarreal CF

text: After one year in the Segunda División, Villarreal were promoted back to La Liga on the final day of the season after finishing the year second after champions Elche. The team began its new tenure in the top flight by winning its first three games; the winning streak ended with a tie against Real Madrid at El Madrigal, though the team was undefeated until falling to Real Betis 1–0 on the seventh matchday of the season. The Yellow Submarine finished the 2013–14 campaign in sixth, thus qualifying them for next season's Europa League.


title: Villarreal CF

text: In 2014–15, Villarreal again finished the year in sixth, enough to secure direct qualification to the Europa League group stage. In the 2015–16 season, Villarreal led La Liga for the first time during the sixth and seventh weeks, before falling to fifth place the following week. The club ended the season in 4th place and thus advanced to the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League playoff round. The club progressed to the semi-finals of the 2015–16 Europa League, but were knocked out by Liverpool. Villarreal won the first leg 1–0, but lost 3–0 in Liverpool and 3–1 on aggregate.


title: Villarreal CF

text: In 2019–20, Villarreal finished fifth, earning a place in the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League. The team went on a memorable run, advancing to the final after knocking out Arsenal 2–1 on aggregate. Facing favoured Manchester United, Villarreal held them to a 1–1 draw after extra time and then won 11–10 in a penalty shoot-out, winning the club's first ever major trophy. Courtesy of their triumph, Villarreal switched their next year's participation in the inaugural 2021–22 Europa Conference League to the 2021–22 Champions League.


title: Villarreal CF

text: In the 2021–22 season, Villarreal progressed to the semi-finals of the Champions League after knocking out Juventus in the round of 16 and Bayern Munich in the quarter-finals, before losing 5–2 on aggregate to Liverpool.


title: Villarreal CF

text: Villarreal has supported a long rivalry with Castellón for geographical reasons, since both are from the province of Castellón. They also rival Valencia, since the two had been the most competitive teams of the Valencian Community; this clash is called the "Derbi de la Comunitat."


title: Villarreal CF

text: The club's famous yellow kit dates back to 1947. With the new season fast approaching, the son of the then Villarreal president travelled to Valencia to purchase replacements of the club's official kit of white shirts and black shorts. Discovering that the shop had neither in stock, he instead bought the only colour that they did have, which happened to be yellow. The players agreed that the shirts were suitable, although they weren't keen on the black shorts, so the president's son travelled to Castellón and purchased a batch of white shorts. The players voted that they should be dyed blue. After remaining as the club's official kit for some time, the yellow shirts and blue shorts combination was last worn in the 2002–03 season, and the club has since sported all-yellow kits. Away colours have been navy blue.


title: Villarreal CF

text: From 2005 to 30 June 2011, the shirt sponsor was "Aeroport Castello", an airport. The current shirt sponsor is Pamesa, a ceramics company. From the 2016–17 season, the kit has been made by the Spanish company Joma, having previously been produced by the Chinese company Xtep and Puma of Germany, among others.


title: Villarreal CF

text: The team is nicknamed "El Submarino Amarillo" (the Yellow Submarine) because of their yellow strip. The mascot (named "Groguet", "Little Yellow") is characterised as an anthropomorphic submarine. He made his debut on 26 October 2001 and was named on 13 December that year by a local 12-year-old, Javier Fuster Almela, following a province-wide competition open to under-15s.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American coming-of-age drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Leonardo DiCaprio, Juliette Lewis and Darlene Cates. It follows 25-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his mother (Cates) and his intellectually disabled younger brother (DiCaprio) in a sleepy Iowa town. Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, based on his 1991 novel of the same name. Filming took place from November 1992 to January 1993 in various parts of Texas.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: The film was well received, with Depp and DiCaprio's performances garnering universal acclaim. At the age of 19, DiCaprio received his first nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, becoming the seventh-youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee for the former.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: In the small town of Endora, Iowa, Gilbert Grape is busy caring for Arnie, his intellectually disabled younger brother who is turning 18, as they wait for the many tourists' trailers to pass through town during an annual Airstreamers' Club gathering at a nearby recreational area. His father had hanged himself seventeen years earlier, and since then his mother, Bonnie, has spent most of her days on the couch watching television and eating. With Bonnie's morbid obesity leaving her unable to care for her children on her own, Gilbert has taken responsibility for repairing the old house and being protective of Arnie, who has a habit of climbing the town water tower as well as trees, while his sisters Amy and Ellen do the other housework. A new FoodLand supermarket has opened, threatening the small Lamson's Grocery where Gilbert works. In addition, Gilbert is having an affair with a married woman, Betty Carver.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: A young woman named Becky and her grandmother are stuck in town when the International Harvester Travelall pulling their trailer breaks down. Gilbert's unusual life circumstances threaten to get in the way of their budding romance. In order to spend time with Becky to watch the sunset, Gilbert leaves Arnie alone in the bath. He returns home late and finds that Arnie is still in the bath the following morning, shivering in the now cold water; his guilt is compounded by his family's anger and Arnie's subsequent aquaphobia. His affair with Betty ends when she leaves town in search of a new life following her husband's death; he drowned in the family's wading pool after having a heart attack. Becky becomes close to both Gilbert and Arnie. While they are distracted during one of their talks, Arnie returns to the water tower that he is always trying to climb. Arnie is arrested after being rescued from the top of the tower, causing his mother — who has not left the house in over seven years — to become the laughing stock of the town as she goes to the police station, forcing Arnie's release.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: Soon after, Arnie ruins two expensive birthday cakes, tries to run away from his bath and in his frustration, Gilbert finally snaps, hitting Arnie several times. Guilty and appalled at himself, Gilbert flees and drives away in his truck. Arnie also runs out and goes to Becky, who takes care of him for the evening and helps him overcome his aquaphobia until he is picked up by his sisters. After some soul searching aided by Becky, Gilbert returns home during Arnie's 18th birthday party to make amends to his family for running out and receive Arnie's reluctant forgiveness. He also apologizes to his mother for his behavior and vows not to be ashamed of her or let her be hurt anymore. She acknowledges how much of a burden she has become to the family, and he forgives her. He introduces her to Becky — something he had been reluctant to do earlier.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: Following the party, Bonnie climbs the stairs to her bedroom for the first time since her husband's suicide. Arnie later tries to wake her but discovers that she has died. With no way to remove her body from the second floor that evening, the police make plans to return with a crane the next day. To protect Bonnie's dignity, the family empty the home of possessions and set fire to it, burning it to ashes with their mother's body inside.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: A year later, Amy gets a job managing a bakery in the Des Moines area while Ellen looks forward to switching schools and living in a bigger city. Gilbert waits by the side of the road with Arnie, now turning 19, waiting for the tourist trailers to come around again. As part of the convoy, Becky arrives with her grandmother and picks them both up.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: Filming for "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" began on November 2, 1992, and concluded in late January 1993. It was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: The film had a limited release on December 17, 1993, and wide release on March 4, 1994. The wide release garnered $2,104,938 on its first weekend. It was considered a box office bomb, with the total domestic gross for the film being $10,032,765, although it gained a following later on.


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: The film received positive reviews, with many critics praising the performances by Depp and DiCaprio. The latter was singled out for his performance in the film, with many saying DiCaprio stole the film from the lead actor Depp. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film was given a 90% "Certified Fresh" score and an average rating of 7.40/10 based on 50 reviews. The site's consensus states: "It's sentimental and somewhat predictable, but those are small complaints, given the tender atmosphere and moving performances at the heart of "What's Eating Gilbert Grape"." Metacritic calculated an average score of 73 out of 100 based on 20 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: "The New York Times" film critic Janet Maslin praised DiCaprio's performance, writing "the film's real show-stopping turn comes from Mr. DiCaprio, who makes Arnie's many tics so startling and vivid that at first he is difficult to watch… The performance has a sharp, desperate intensity from beginning to end." Roger Ebert of "Chicago Sun-Times" described it as "… one of the most enchanting films of the year" and said that DiCaprio deserved to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for which he was nominated. Todd McCarthy of "Variety" found the film a "bemused view on life" and remarked that "Depp manages to command center screen with a greatly affable, appealing characterization." "The Washington Post"s Desson Howe thought the film was an earnest but highly predictable effort. "Film Review" praised Leonardo DiCaprio as the mentally disabled brother, calling it "a performance of astonishing innocence and spontaneity", bringing "a touching credibility to a very difficult part".


title: Ian Holm

text: Sir Ian Holm Cuthbert (12 September 1931 – 19 June 2020) was an English actor who was knighted in 1998 for his contributions to theatre and film. Beginning his career on the British stage as a standout member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, he later transitioned into a successful and prolific screen career. On film he portrayed a variety of both supporting and leading characters, earning critical acclaim and many accolades in the process.


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm won the 1967 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor for his performance as Lenny in "The Homecoming" and the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance in the title role of "King Lear". He was nominated for seven BAFTA Awards, winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role twice for "The Bofors Gun" (his film debut) and "Chariots of Fire" (as a running coach). His latter performance as athletics trainer Sam Mussabini was also nominated for an Academy Award.


title: Ian Holm

text: His other well-known film roles include Ash in "Alien", Mr Kurtzmann in "Brazil", Francis Willis in "The Madness of King George", Father Vito Cornelius in "The Fifth Element", Mitchell Stephens in "The Sweet Hereafter", the voice of Chef Skinner in "Ratatouille", and elderly Bilbo Baggins in Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" trilogies. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1989.


title: Ian Holm

text: Ian Holm Cuthbert was born on 12 September 1931 in Goodmayes, Essex, to Scottish parents, James Harvey Cuthbert and his wife Jean Wilson (née Holm). His father was a psychiatrist who worked as the superintendent of the West Ham Corporation Mental Hospital and was one of the pioneers of electric shock therapy; his mother was a nurse. He had an older brother, who died when Ian was 12 years old. Holm was educated at the independent Chigwell School in Essex. His parents retired to Mortehoe in Devon and then to Worthing, where he joined an amateur dramatic society.


title: Ian Holm

text: A chance encounter with Henry Baynton, a well-known provincial Shakespearean actor, helped Holm train for admission to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, where he secured a place from 1950. His studies were interrupted a year later when he was called up for National Service in the British Army, during which he was posted to Klagenfurt, Austria, and attained the rank of Lance Corporal. They were interrupted a second time when he volunteered to go on an acting tour of the United States in 1952. Holm graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1953.


title: Ian Holm

text: He made his stage debut in 1954, at Stratford-upon-Avon, playing a spear-carrier in a staging of "Othello". Two years later, he made his London stage debut in "Love Affair".


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm was an established star of the Royal Shakespeare Company before gaining notice in television and film. In 1965, he played Richard III in the BBC serialisation of "The Wars of The Roses", based on the RSC production of the plays. In 1969, he appeared in "Moonlight on the Highway". He appeared in minor roles in films such as "Oh! What a Lovely War" (1969), "Nicholas and Alexandra" (1971), "Mary, Queen of Scots" (1972) and "Young Winston" (1972).


title: Ian Holm

text: In 1967 Holm won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play as Lenny in "The Homecoming" by Harold Pinter. In 1977, Holm appeared in the television mini-series "Jesus of Nazareth" as the Sadducee Zerah, and a villainous Moroccan in "March or Die". The following year he played J. M. Barrie in the award-winning BBC mini-series "The Lost Boys", In 1981, he played Frodo Baggins in the BBC radio adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings".


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm's first film role to gain much notice was that of Ash, the "calm, technocratic" science officer - later revealed to be an android - in Ridley Scott's science-fiction film "Alien" (1979). His portrayal of the running coach Sam Mussabini in "Chariots of Fire" (1981) earned him a special award at the Cannes Film Festival, a BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. In the 1980s, Holm had memorable roles in "Time Bandits" (1981), "" (1984) and "Brazil" (1985). He played Lewis Carroll, the author of "Alice in Wonderland", in "Dreamchild" (1985).


title: Ian Holm

text: In 1989, Holm was nominated for a BAFTA award for the television series "Game, Set and Match". Based on the novels by Len Deighton, this tells the story of an intelligence officer (Holm) who learns that his own wife is an enemy spy. He also continued to perform Shakespeare in films. He appeared with Kenneth Branagh in "Henry V" (1989) and as Polonius to Mel Gibson's "Hamlet" (1990). Holm was reunited with Branagh in "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein" (1994), playing the father of Branagh's Victor Frankenstein.


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm raised his profile in 1997 with two prominent roles, as the priest Vito Cornelius in Luc Besson's sci-fi "The Fifth Element" and lawyer Mitchell Stephens in "The Sweet Hereafter". In 2001 he starred in "From Hell" as the physician Sir William Withey Gull. The same year, he appeared as Bilbo Baggins in the blockbuster film "", having previously played Bilbo's nephew Frodo Baggins in the 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of "The Lord of the Rings". He returned for "" (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He later reprised his role as the elderly Bilbo Baggins in the movie "" and "". Martin Freeman portrayed the young Bilbo Baggins in those films.


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm was nominated for an Emmy Award twice, for a PBS broadcast of a National Theatre production of "King Lear", in 1999; and for a supporting role in the HBO film "The Last of the Blonde Bombshells" opposite Judi Dench, in 2001. He appeared in two David Cronenberg films: "Naked Lunch" (1991) and "eXistenZ" (1999). He was Harold Pinter's favourite actor: the playwright once said: "He puts on my shoe, and it fits!" Holm played Lenny in both the London and New York City premieres of Pinter's "The Homecoming". He played Napoleon Bonaparte three times: in the television mini-series "Napoleon and Love" (1974), Terry Gilliam's "Time Bandits" (1981), and "The Emperor's New Clothes".


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm also received royal recognition for his contributions: He was made CBE in 1989 and knighted in 1998.


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm was married four times: to Lynn Mary Shaw in 1955 (divorced 1965); to Sophie Baker in 1982 (divorced 1986); to actress Penelope Wilton, in Wiltshire, in 1991 (divorced 2002); and to the artist Sophie de Stempel in 2003. He had two daughters from his first marriage, a son from his second marriage, and a son and daughter from his 15-year relationship with photographer Bee Gilbert.


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm and Wilton appeared together in the BBC miniseries "The Borrowers" (1993). His last wife, Sophie de Stempel, is a protégée and was a life model of Lucian Freud, as well as an artist in her own right.


title: Ian Holm

text: Holm was treated for prostate cancer in 2001 and was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died in hospital in London on 19 June 2020 at the age of 88. His ashes are interred on the western side of Highgate Cemetery.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Chad Meredith Hurley (born January 24, 1977) is an American webmaster and businessman who serves as the advisor and former chief executive officer (CEO) of YouTube. He also co-founded MixBit. In June 2006, he was voted 28th on Business 2.0's "50 People Who Matter Now" list. In October 2006, he and Steve Chen sold YouTube for $1.65 billion to Google. Hurley worked in eBay's PayPal division—one of his tasks involved designing the original PayPal logo—before co-founding YouTube with fellow PayPal colleagues Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. Hurley was primarily responsible for the tagging and video-sharing aspects of YouTube.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Hurley was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, the second child of Don and Joann Hurley, and grew up near Birdsboro, Pennsylvania. He has an older sister, Heather, and a younger brother, Brent.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Since childhood, Hurley showed interest in the arts, and became interested in computers and electronic media during high school. He was a standout runner for Twin Valley High School's cross-country program, which won two of its PIAA State titles with him as a member in 1992 and 1994. He was also a member of the Technology Student Association during high school. He graduated from Twin Valley High School in 1995 and earned a B.A. in Fine Art from Indiana University of Pennsylvania in 1999.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Hurley founded YouTube in 2005 with Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. On October 16, 2006, Chen and Hurley sold YouTube to Google Inc. for $1.65 billion. It was reported in "The Wall Street Journal" that Hurley's share was $345.6M at Google's February 7, 2007 closing stock price of $470.01. He received 694,087 Google shares directly and another 41,232 shares in a trust.


title: Chad Hurley

text: YouTube's other two co-founders, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim, received 625,366 shares and 137,443 shares, respectively valued at $326.2M and $64.6M. The "Journal"s report was based on Google's registration statement with SEC filed on February 7, 2007.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Hurley stepped down as CEO of YouTube in October 2010 and stated he would stay on as an advisor of YouTube, allowing Salar Kamangar to take over the CEO position.


title: Chad Hurley

text: In August 2013, Hurley launched another company called MixBit which does video editing using smartphones. According to Steve Chen, it was Chad's idea to turn Avos into MixBit even before the inception of YouTube.


title: Chad Hurley

text: The app resembles other famous short-video recording smartphone apps such as Vine, Instagram and Vyclone. Its limit of recording stretches up to 256 clips, and each clip can be maximum 16 seconds long. It also features the editing tools similar to its other competitor apps.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Hurley was involved as a major investor with US F1 Team, one of the new entrants in Formula One automobile racing for the 2010 season. On March 2, 2010, the team's personnel were dismissed from their duties and the team was unofficially shut down. Neither Hurley, team principal Ken Anderson nor sporting director Peter Windsor would comment on the team's failure to make it to the grid.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Hurley has made several investments. He is a part-owner of the NBA's Golden State Warriors and the MLS' Los Angeles Football Club.


title: Chad Hurley

text: On the January 25, 2021, Hurley announced on Twitter that he had become an investor at Leeds United, the English Premier League football club.


title: Chad Hurley

text: Hurley was formerly married to Kathy Clark, the daughter of Silicon Valley entrepreneur James H. Clark. They were divorced in 2014. Hurley remarried in 2020 to Elise Walden.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Michiel Huisman (; born 18 July 1981) is a Dutch actor who has acted in both Dutch and English-language TV series and films.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman began his career in the Dutch soap opera "Goede tijden, slechte tijden" (1998). He later played in the Dutch films "Costa!" (2001), "Full Moon Party" (2002), "Phileine Says Sorry" (2003), "Floris" (2004) and "Black Book" (2006), and in the Dutch TV series "De co-assistent" (2007–10) and "Bloedverwanten" (2010). During the early years of his acting career, Huisman was also part of a band called Fontane.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman's first international acting experience came in 2006, when he guest-starred in an episode of the British TV series "Dalziel and Pascoe". He subsequently appeared in "The Young Victoria" (2009), "Treme" (2010–13), "Nashville" (2012–14), "World War Z" (2013), "Wild" (2014), "Orphan Black" (2014–15), "Game of Thrones" (2014–16), "The Invitation" (2015), "The Age of Adaline" (2015), "The Haunting of Hill House" (2018), "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society" (2018) and "The Flight Attendant" (2020).


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman was born in Amstelveen. He is the brother of former professional football player Dustin Huisman. Huisman is fond of table tennis, which he has played since childhood. He was raised Jewish.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman is married to Dutch actress Tara Elders, and they have a daughter who was born in 2007. The couple formerly lived in New Orleans, Louisiana, US; and now reside in New York City.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman was singer and guitarist in the Dutch band Fontane, which he formed together with Roland van der Hoofd, Gilles Tuinder, Bas van Geldere, and Donny Griffioen. The band released the singles "1+1=2" (2001), "Slapeloos" (2002), and "Neem Me Mee" (2003). The first single was on the soundtrack of the film "Costa!" (2001) and the second was on the soundtrack of "Full Moon Party" (2002), both in which Huisman played a starring role. The band also recorded a version of Willeke Alberti's song "Telkens weer" for the soundtrack of the movie "Love to Love" (2003).


title: Michiel Huisman

text: After two members left the band, Fontane split up and Huisman decided to pursue music on his own. Huisman released the singles "Deel Van Mij" (2005) and "Geef Je Over" (2006), and the album "Luchtige Verhalen" (2005) as a solo artist. Huisman said in interview about his solo career: "It doesn't feel like a new start, but as if I've started just now." and "It is personal and closerby. Also the sound of the album."


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman began his acting career with a supporting role on "Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden" – the longest-running soap opera on Dutch television – where he played Rover, a 14-year-old model who accuses his employers of engaging in child pornography. He was then cast in the made-for-TV films "Suzy Q" and "Uitgesloten".


title: Michiel Huisman

text: He played supporting roles in the Dutch films "Costa!" and "Volle Maan", both of which were directed by Johan Nijenhuis and aimed at a teen-aged audience. At the same time, he also had a recurring role on the Dutch police series "Spangen". Huisman moved into leading-man territory in 2003 with the film "Phileine Says Sorry", which was an adaptation of Ronald Giphart's book of the same title. He also starred as medieval knight Floris in the film "Floris", based on the Dutch TV series.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: In the years that followed he played a leading role in the football comedy "Johan", recurring guest roles in the comedy series "Meiden van De Wit" and the first season of the drama series "Bloedverwanten", and the leading role in the medical drama series "De Co-Assistent". He also played a small supporting role in the 2006 film "Zwartboek" by Paul Verhoeven, which became the most successful Dutch film of all time.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: In 2006, Huisman made his first foray into the international acting world with a supporting role in an episode of the British TV series "Dalziel and Pascoe". He followed this with a role as Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in "The Young Victoria", and the BBC made-for-TV drama "Margot" in which he portrayed Rudolf Nureyev.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: He then joined the main cast of the HBO series "Treme", as Sonny, a Dutch busker who plays keyboards and guitar. He was taught New Orleans piano by Davis Rogan. During his time on "Treme", Huisman also played a small supporting role in the apocalyptic action film "World War Z" and started recurring as Liam McGuinnis on "Nashville".


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman replaced English actor Ed Skrein in the role of Daario Naharis for the fourth season (2014) of "Game of Thrones". Huisman was promoted to series regular for the fifth season (2015) of the series. Huisman also recurred on seasons 2 and 3 of "Orphan Black", portraying Cal Morrison, a rugged outdoorsman who crosses paths with the clones.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: In 2014, Huisman appeared in the Academy Award-nominated biographical drama film "Wild" and starred in the advertising campaign for Chanel No.5's "The One That I Want", which was directed by Baz Luhrmann. In 2015, Huisman co-starred in the thriller "The Invitation", and played the leading role in the fantasy romance film "The Age of Adaline".


title: Michiel Huisman

text: In 2016, Huisman was cast as the lead role in the war-drama "The Ottoman Lieutenant" which tells the story of a Turkish officer (Huisman) who falls in love with an idealistic American nurse, played by Hera Hilmar, during World War I. The film also stars Josh Hartnett and Ben Kingsley. The film was released for an Oscar-qualifying run in December 2016 before wide release in March 2017.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Also in 2016, Huisman played Walter Davidson in the Discovery Channel limited series "Harley and the Davidsons" which told the origin story of Harley-Davidson Inc. The three-part series premiered in September 2016 and gained reasonable reviews from critics and from Harley-Davidson themselves.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: Huisman starred in the thriller film "" which was released on 30 June 2017. That year, Huisman was cast as Sam, the male lead in the romantic drama "Irreplaceable You". The film co-starred Gugu Mbatha-Raw as his childhood sweetheart, and later fiancée, who is diagnosed with terminal cancer, and Steve Coogan and Christopher Walken also appear. The film was released on 16 February 2018 on Netflix and has a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 33% Fresh. Also in 2018, Huisman starred opposite Lily James as Dawsey Adams, the male lead in the romantic drama "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society", based on the 2008 novel of the same name.


title: Michiel Huisman

text: In 2018, Huisman starred in the Netflix horror series "The Haunting of Hill House", which is based on Shirley Jackson's 1959 novel of the same name. The 10-episode drama, released on 12 October 2018, is a modern re-imagining of the original story, now about a family of seven. Huisman plays Steven Crain, the oldest sibling, who becomes a published writer of supernatural books, including a memoir about his family's time living at Hill House. Mike Flanagan wrote, directed and executive-produced the series. In 2019, Huisman had a lead role in the Netflix film "The Red Sea Diving Resort", as an Israeli agent.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: Vikram Vedha is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language neo-noir action thriller film written and directed by Pushkar–Gayathri and produced by S. Sashikanth under his banner YNOT Studios. The film stars R. Madhavan, Vijay Sethupathi, Shraddha Srinath, Kathir and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar while Prem, Achyuth Kumar, Hareesh Peradi and Vivek Prasanna play supporting roles. Inspired by the Indian folktale "Baital Pachisi", the film tells the story of Vikram, a police inspector who sets out to track down and kill Vedha, a gangster. After Vedha voluntarily surrenders himself, he tells Vikram three stories which change his perceptions of good and evil.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: In January 2015, Sashikanth revealed that he would be producing a film directed by the husband and wife duo, Pushkar and Gayathri. Following a year of development on the script throughout 2015, Madhavan and Sethupathi were selected to play the lead roles in February 2016. Principal photography began in November of the same year and was completed by January 2017. The film was shot mainly in North Chennai, with the area being used as its backdrop. Sam C. S. composed the soundtrack and score, P. S. Vinod performed the cinematography, and the film's editor was A. Richard Kevin.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: "Vikram Vedha" was released on 21 July 2017 to critical acclaim with critics praising its cast's performances (particularly Madhavan and Sethupathi), writing, narrative style and major technical aspects. Made on a budget of 110 million (about US$1,661,631 in 2017), the film performed well at the box office, grossing 600 million (about US$9,063,444 in 2017) worldwide despite experiencing difficulties due to the changes resulting from the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax. "Vikram Vedha" won four Filmfare, Vijay and Norway Tamil Film Festival awards each. Additionally, it received three Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards, two Techofes Awards and an Edison Award. In 2022, the film was remade in Hindi under the same title by the same directors.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: Vikram is an honest inspector, who has a black-and-white sense of good and evil. Vedha is a dreaded gangster who understands the nuance in between. Vikram's best friend Simon leads an encounter unit formed to eliminate Vedha. In one encounter, the squad kills some of Vedha's henchmen, framing an unarmed criminal killed by Vikram to avoid further inquiry. As the unit plans another encounter, Vedha enters the police station and voluntarily surrenders. When Vikram interrogates Vedha, he offers to narrate a story to him. The first act relates about Vedha becoming a drug smuggler, who warns his younger brother Vignesh, nicknamed Pulli due to his mathematical skills, to stay away from crime, but Pulli is forced by a rival gangster Ravi, to carry drugs. When Pulli and his friend Chandra are caught by the police, Pulli confesses and Ravi is arrested.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: On his boss Sangu's orders, Ravi assaults Pulli, leaving a permanent scar on his hand. Vedha asks Vikram if he should kill Ravi or Sangu. Vikram replies that Sangu was the real culprit, to which Vedha implies that he killed Sangu. Vedha's lawyer, who turns out to be Vikram's wife Priya, intervenes and bails him out. Vikram realises that the unarmed criminal framed by them for avoiding inquiry was actually Pulli, based on the mark in his hand. Worried that Vedha might try to kill Simon, Vikram rushes to save Simon, but finds him and Chandra shot dead. SP Surendhar dismisses it as a botched encounter. Priya refuses to divulge Vedha's whereabouts to Vikram. Enraged by this, Vikram raids Vedha's tenements and manages to capture him. Vedha requests Vikram to listen to another story.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: The second story relates with Pulli, now grown-up, offering to launder Vedha's income by investing it in shares. Vedha's boss Cheta invests in this venture. However, Chandra is supposedly kidnapped and the money is missing. Chandra returns and reveals that she stole the money to start a new life, but came back because she loves Pulli. Vedha returns the money to Cheta, who orders him to kill Chandra. Vedha asks Vikram if he should respect Cheta and carry out the order or disobey him and support Pulli and Chandra, thus inciting a gang war. Vikram replies that he should support Pulli, to which Vedha agrees. Realising Pulli's innocence causes Vikram to stumble momentarily, Vedha attacks and subdues him, telling him to investigate Simon and Pulli's deaths.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: Vikram begins his investigation with Simon's informant Kaattai who led them to Pulli's hideout, but finds that Kaattai has been killed. Vikram and his unit tries to find the killer, where he takes a moment to recollect and finds one of the members of the Kerala "Quotation Gang" from Vedha's story. Vikram apprehends and fights him only for the gang member to almost kill Vikram before getting shot and killed by his unit member Santhanam. Vikram searches his room, but finds a cigar and learns that the cigarette is filled with marijuana instead of tobacco. Vikram deduces that Ravi is behind the encounter and informs Vedha at his restaurant, who brings Ravi to an abandoned factory. Vikram arrives and meets Vedha, who tells the third and final act to Vikram. Vedha had sent Pulli and Chandra to Mumbai. He noticed that only his men, except Cheta's are being targeted and eliminated by the cops.


title: Vikram Vedha

text: On Ravi's confession, Vedha tells that Simon was bribed by Ravi to kill his men. Vedha asks Vikram if Simon was right, since he became corrupt to pay for his son's medical procedure. Vedha kills Ravi, leaving Vikram frustrated on finding out who had killed Simon. Surendhar and the unit arrive, where he castigates Vikram for letting Vedha escape again. Vikram slowly realises that the entire unit had also been bribed by Ravi. Surendhar reveals that Ravi paid them to kill Vedha and Chandra's abduction was intended to get Pulli out of Mumbai, which would lure Vedha out of hiding. However, a guilt-ridden Simon had gone to save Chandra, but the unit had killed them both. As the unit prepares to kill Vikram, Vedha reappears and saves him. A gunfight ensues, and Vikram disables all his colleagues with Vedha's help, but kills Surendhar. Vikram asks Vedha if he should let him go for saving his life or kill him since he is a criminal where a standoff ensues between them.