title: Mark Kelly

text: STS-108 "Endeavour" visited the ISS, delivering over three tons of equipment, supplies, and a fresh crew to the orbiting outpost. The hatches were opened between "Endeavour" and the ISS" Destiny "Laboratory on December 7, enabling the 10 crew members to greet one another. The Expedition 3 crew officially ended their 117-day residency on board the ISS on December 8 as their custom "Soyuz" seat-liners were transferred to "Endeavour" for the return trip home. The transfer of the Expedition 4 seat-liners to the" Soyuz "return vehicle attached to the station marked the official exchange of crews.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly and Mission Specialist Linda Godwin used the shuttle's robotic arm to lift the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module from the shuttle payload bay and attach it to a berth on the station's Unity node. The crews began unloading supplies the same day. Mission managers extended "Endeavour's" flight duration to 12 days to allow the crew to assist with additional maintenance tasks on the station, including work on a treadmill and replacing a failed compressor in one of the air conditioners in the Zvezda Service Module. A change of command ceremony took place on December 13 as Expedition 3 ended and Expedition 4 began. STS-108 returned to Earth with the previous ISS crew of three men.


title: Mark Kelly

text: In July 2006, Kelly piloted STS-121 "Discovery", the second "Return to Flight" mission following the loss of "Columbia" in February 2003. Because of weather delays, STS-121 became the first shuttle mission to launch on the Fourth of July.


title: Mark Kelly

text: The mission's main purposes were to test new safety and repair techniques introduced after the "Columbia" disaster and to deliver supplies, equipment, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter from Germany to the ISS. Reiter's transfer returned the ISS to a three-member staffing level.


title: Mark Kelly

text: During the STS-121 mission to the ISS, the crew of "Discovery" continued to test new equipment and procedures for the inspection and repair of the thermal protection system that is designed to increase the shuttles' safety. It also delivered more supplies and cargo for future ISS expansion.


title: Mark Kelly

text: After the "Columbia" accident, NASA decided that two test flights would be required and that activities originally assigned to STS-114 would need to be divided into two missions because of the addition of post-"Columbia" safety tests.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Gabby Giffords, Kelly's girlfriend at the time, picked one of the mission's wake-up songs, U2's "Beautiful Day".


title: Mark Kelly

text: STS-124 "Discovery" was Kelly's first mission as commander. A month before liftoff, he discussed what being a shuttle commander entailed and how it was different from his previous missions:


title: Mark Kelly

text: The mission was the second of three shuttle missions to carry components of Japan's Kibo laboratory to the ISS. "Kibo" is Japanese for "hope". The laboratory is Japan's primary contribution to the ISS.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Just before liftoff, Kelly said, "While we've all prepared for this event today, the discoveries from Kibo will definitely offer hope for tomorrow. Now stand by for the greatest show on Earth."


title: Mark Kelly

text: During the launch, Launch Pad 39A sustained substantial damage, more than had been seen on any previous launch. After liftoff, inspectors discovered that bricks and mortar from the launch pad's base had been thrown as far as the perimeter fence, a distance of 1,500 feet (457 m).


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly and his crew delivered the pressurized module for Kibo to the ISS. The module is the Kibo laboratory's largest component and the station's largest habitable module. "Discovery" also delivered Kibo's Remote Manipulator System. It also delivered a replacement part for the station's toilet. The ISS's toilet had been malfunctioning for a week, creating a potentially serious problem for the crew. When Kelly first entered the station, he joked, "You looking for a plumber?"


title: Mark Kelly

text: This mission was the first time a spouse of a member of Congress traveled to space. Kelly traveled over 5.7 million miles, and orbited the Earth 218 times over 13 days and 18 hours.


title: Mark Kelly

text: On April 29, 2011, the first launch attempt of STS-134 was scrubbed. Giffords traveled to Florida on her first trip since moving from Tucson to Houston in January after an attempted assassination. Her appearance at Kennedy Space Center gave the launch a high profile, "one of the most anticipated in years," according to "The New York Times". President Obama visited the Kennedy Space Center on April 29 on a trip with the original intention of watching the "Endeavour" launch.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly was the commander of the mission which was Space Shuttle "Endeavour's" last. His crew and he delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer to the ISS.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Most of the mission's delays were caused by external tank issues on STS-133 "Discovery". When Scott Kelly went to the ISS on October 7, 2010, STS-134 was scheduled to go to the station during his mission. The potential rendezvous in space of the Kelly brothers would have been a first meeting of blood relatives in space. The delay of STS-134's launch ended that possibility.


title: Mark Kelly

text: After his wife's shooting, Kelly's status was unclear, but NASA announced on February 4, 2011, that he would remain commander of the mission. The remarkable progress his wife was making in her recovery helped Kelly decide to return to training. Peggy Whitson, chief of the NASA Astronaut Office at the time, said, "we are confident in his ability to successfully lead this mission, and I know I speak for all of NASA in saying 'welcome back.'"


title: Mark Kelly

text: At 4 pm PDT on May 22, 2011, the European Space Agency and Italian Space Agency arranged for a call to "Endeavour" by Pope Benedict XVI. During his call—prompted by the discovery of a gash in the Shuttle's fuselage—Benedict extended his blessing to Giffords, who had undergone skull surgery earlier in the week. The event marked the first time a pope spoke to astronauts during a mission.


title: Mark Kelly

text: On June 24, 2011, a recorded message by Kelly from the ISS wished his wife love using song lyrics from David Bowie's "Space Oddity" and introduced U2's song "Beautiful Day" on the first night of the Glastonbury festival in England. A similar message from Kelly aboard the ISS was played during U2's 360° Tour concert stop at various locations. It said: "I'm looking forward to coming home. Tell my wife I love her very much. She knows."


title: Mark Kelly

text: On June 21, 2011, Kelly announced that he would leave NASA's astronaut corps and the U.S. Navy effective October 1. He cited Giffords's needs during her recovery as a reason for his retirement.


title: Mark Kelly

text: In 2011, Kelly and Giffords coauthored "Gabby: A Story of Courage, Love and Resilience". The book provides biographical information on the couple and describes in detail the assassination attempt on Giffords and her initial recovery. Written in Kelly's voice, it includes a short note by Giffords at the end.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly's second book, "Mousetronaut: Based on a (Partially) True Story" (2012), is a children's book illustrated by C. F. Payne. It was a "New York Times" number one bestseller and was followed the next year by a sequel, "Mousetronaut Goes to Mars".


title: Mark Kelly

text: In 2015, Kelly and Martha Freeman cowrote "Astrotwins: Project Blastoff," a fictional story about twins Scott and Mark who build a space capsule in their grandfather's backyard and try to send the first kid into orbit. Kelly dedicated this book to Scott Kelly. The sequel, "Astrotwins—Project Rescue", was published in 2016.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly is co-founder and strategic advisor of Tucson-based near-space exploration company World View Enterprises.


title: Mark Kelly

text: On March 28, 2012, SpaceX announced that Kelly would be part of an independent safety advisory panel composed of leading human spaceflight safety experts.


title: Mark Kelly

text: In January 2013, Kelly and Giffords started a political action committee, Americans for Responsible Solutions. The organization's mission is to promote solutions to gun violence with elected officials and the general public. The couple say it supports the Second Amendment while promoting responsible gun ownership and "keeping guns out of the hands of dangerous people like criminals, terrorists, and the mentally ill." The group claims that "current gun laws allow private sellers to sell guns without a background check, creating a loophole that provides criminals and the mentally ill easy access to guns". On March 31, 2013, Kelly said, "any bill that does not include a universal background check is a mistake. It's the most common-sense thing we can do to prevent criminals and the mentally ill from having access to weapons." In 2016, Americans for Responsible Solutions joined the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence and launched a joint organization known as "Giffords".


title: Mark Kelly

text: On February 12, 2019, Kelly announced that he would run as a Democrat in the 2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona. Kelly looked to unseat incumbent Republican Martha McSally, a fellow veteran who was appointed to the position shortly after losing the 2018 Senate election to Democrat Kyrsten Sinema. The seat was vacated upon John McCain's death on August 25, 2018, and held by Governor Doug Ducey's appointee Jon Kyl until Kyl resigned on December 31, 2018. Kelly declined to accept campaign contributions from corporate political action committees (PACs), but did accept thousands of dollars in campaign contributions from corporate executives and lobbyists.


title: Mark Kelly

text: The Associated Press called the race for Kelly on November 4, 2020. His election marks the first time since 1953 that Arizona has had two Democratic senators. As the election was a special election, Kelly took office during the 116th Congress, shortly after Arizona certified its election results on November 30, unlike other senators and representatives elected in 2020, who took office at the opening of the 117th Congress on January 3, 2021. Kelly was sworn in at noon on December 2. His initial term ends in 2023, whereupon his first six-year term will begin after winning the 2022 Senate election.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly is the fourth retired astronaut to be elected to Congress, after John Glenn, Harrison Schmitt, and Jack Swigert.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly won reelection in the November 2022 general election, defeating Republican challenger Blake Masters.


title: Mark Kelly

text: On December 2, 2020, Kelly cast his first Senate vote, a "no" vote on the nomination of Kathryn C. Davis to the United States Court of Federal Claims. On December 9, Kelly voted "no" on a resolution blocking President Donald Trump from selling $23 billion in drones to the United Arab Emirates. Kelly split his vote by voting yes on another resolution blocking F-35 sales to the UAE. Both resolutions failed.


title: Mark Kelly

text: In the wake of the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Kelly expressed support for Vice President Mike Pence and Trump's cabinet invoking the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to remove Trump from office. He voted to convict in Trump's second impeachment trial, along with 56 other senators.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly ran as a moderate in 2020 and voiced support for bipartisanship. Since joining the Senate, he supported abolishing the filibuster in order to pass voting rights legislation and a federal minimum wage increase to $15 per hour. He has criticized Joe Biden's approach to border security. As of October 2022, Kelly has voted in line with Biden's stated position 94.5% of the time.


title: Mark Kelly

text: As a candidate in 2020, Kelly said he was "pro-choice" and was endorsed by Planned Parenthood. He supports codifying "Roe v. Wade" into federal law. He has said that late-stage abortions should be legally protected.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly has voiced support for climate action, but does not support the Green New Deal. The League of Conservation Voters gave him a 97% score in 2021. In 2022, Kelly also advocated for an expansion of oil drilling in the wake of rising gas prices.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly became an outspoken advocate for gun control following the attempted assassination of his wife, former U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords, at the 2011 Tucson shooting.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly voted for the bipartisan gun bill in response to the Robb Elementary School shooting in Uvalde, Texas.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, Kelly has said, "Dreamers are as American as anyone", and has expressed support for it.


title: Mark Kelly

text: In February 2021, Kelly voted to convict Trump for incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial, and has been outspoken in his disdain for him.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly married Amelia Victoria Babis on January 7, 1989. They divorced in 2004. They have two daughters, Claudia and Claire Kelly.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly married U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords of Tucson, Arizona, on November 10, 2007, in a ceremony presided over by Rabbi Stephanie Aaron, and attended by his STS-124 shuttle crew and former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich. Reich toasted: "To a bride who moves at a velocity that exceeds that of anyone else in Washington, and a groom who moves at a velocity that exceeds 17,000 miles per hour." The couple met on a 2003 trip to China as part of a trade mission sponsored by the National Committee on U.S.–China Relations.


title: Mark Kelly

text: At the time of their marriage, Kelly lived in Houston, Texas, and said that the longest stretch of time the two had spent together was a couple of weeks. He said that they did not plan to always live that way, but that it was what they were used to. He added, "It teaches you not to sweat the small stuff."


title: Mark Kelly

text: Giffords was shot in an assassination attempt on January 8, 2011, putting Kelly in the national spotlight. On February 4, Kelly described the previous month as the hardest time of his life and expressed his gratitude for the enormous outpouring of support, good wishes and prayers for his wife. He said that he believed people's prayers for her helped.


title: Mark Kelly

text: One of Giffords's aides informed Kelly of the shooting almost immediately after it happened. He flew from Houston to Tucson with members of his family. En route, the Kellys received an erroneous news report that Giffords had died. "The kids, Claudia and Claire, started crying. My mother, she almost screamed. I just walked into the bathroom, and, you know, broke down." Calling family in Tucson, Kelly found out that the report was false and that she was alive and in surgery. "It was a terrible mistake," Kelly said. "As bad as it was that she had died, it's equally exciting that she hadn't."


title: Mark Kelly

text: From the time he arrived in Tucson, Kelly sat vigil at his wife's bedside as she struggled to survive and began to recover. As her condition began to improve, the Kelly-Giffords family researched options for rehabilitation facilities and chose one in Houston. On January 21, Giffords was transferred to the Memorial Hermann–Texas Medical Center, where she spent five days before moving to TIRR Memorial Hermann, where she continued her recovery and rehabilitation.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Giffords and Kelly had spoken dozens of times about how risky her job was. She was afraid that someone with a gun would come up to her at a public event. In an interview filmed just over a week after the shooting, Kelly said, "She has Tombstone, Arizona, in her district, the town that's too tough to die. Gabrielle Giffords is too tough to let this beat her."


title: Mark Kelly

text: A memorial service for those killed in the assassination attempt was held on January 12, 2011, at the University of Arizona. President Obama flew to Tucson to speak at the memorial. Kelly sat between First Lady Michelle Obama and Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano, the former governor of Arizona. At the end of the service, Obama consoled and embraced him, after which Kelly returned to the hospital to be with his wife.


title: Mark Kelly

text: Kelly spoke on February 3, 2011, at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington, DC. His remarks closed the event, where Obama also spoke. Kelly said the attack on his wife brought him closer to God and gave him a newfound awareness regarding prayer. He said that before the attack, "I thought the world just spins and the clock just ticks and things happen for no particular reason", but that, in Tucson, as he found himself wandering in makeshift memorials and shrines filled with Bibles and angels, "You pray where you are. You pray when God is there in your heart." Kelly offered the final prayer of the morning. The prayer was from Rabbi Stephanie Aaron, who married Kelly and Giffords, and who said the same words over Giffords on the night of the shooting:


title: Mark Kelly

text: In 2011, Kelly said he believed there was a chance to change a political environment he believed was too vitriolic. He hoped that the tragedy would be an opportunity to improve the tone of the national dialogue and cool down the rhetoric. In response to a question on February 4, 2011, about civility in politics, Kelly said, "I haven't spent a lot of time following that, but I think that with something that was so horrible and so negative, and the fact that six people lost their lives including a nine-year-old girl, a federal judge, Gabby's staff member Gabe—who was like a younger brother to her—it's really, really a sad situation. I am hopeful that something positive can come out of it. I think that will happen, so those are good things."


title: Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe

text: The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that involves productions of superhero films and television series. These productions star various titular superheroes; they are independently produced by Marvel Studios and are based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plots, settings, casts, and characters.


text: The film and television series of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) feature numerous central characters across its phases. The first three phases are collectively known as "The Infinity Saga", and are followed by which begins "The Multiverse Saga".


text: The depiction of adapted and original characters in the MCU has been generally positively received, with the portrayal of superhero protagonists mostly positive. "IGN" opined, "With heroes ranging from super-spies to super-soldiers to space raccoons, the MCU has gifted us with some of the most memorable champions in movie history." Meanwhile, reception of the MCU's depiction of its villains has been more mixed, with some media outlets coining the term "villain problem" to describe this shortcoming. "Collider" described the villains as "Achilles' heel" of the shared universe, with and most commonly criticized for having weak or unmemorable villains. The villains of were hailed as an improvement over the villains of the previous two Phases, while villains of have also been praised.


text: In an analysis of the MCU's villains, Michael Burgin of "Paste" opined that it was "probably still fair to say their track record has been less consistent with the bad guys than with the good", believing that this was due to "a reluctance to embrace the established look and character of the villain" and the differences from their source material. Angelo Delos Trinos of "Comic Book Resources" further elaborated on this, opining that "the MCU has been widely praised for its characters and storylines" but has "mistreated some villains and wasted the potential they have in comics", remarking on the wasted potential of some of the supervillains within the franchise in comparison to their comic book counterparts. Alternatively, "Looper" described the MCU's villains as "fairly compelling criminals", while Eric Diaz of "Nerdist" described them as being unappreciated despite being the weakest part of the franchise.


text: Some villains were more well received than others, with "Screen Rant" elaborating on which villains were "loved" and "hated" from the fans of the franchise. Carolina Darney of "SB Nation" explained, "Some of the villains — hello, Vulture — are fantastic. They're well-rounded, they have depth, and there seems to be a method to their madness. Then there are the other villains. Their backgrounds aren't particularly explained, you're not entirely sure what they're doing — looking intently at you, Malekith — and motivations seem weak at best."


title: United States Capitol

text: The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Though no longer at the geographic center of the federal district, the Capitol forms the origin point for the street-numbering system of the district as well as its four quadrants.


title: United States Capitol

text: Central sections of the present building were completed in 1800. These were partly destroyed in the 1814 Burning of Washington, then were fully restored within five years. The building was later enlarged by extending the wings for the chambers for the bicameral legislature, the House of Representatives in the south wing and the Senate in the north wing. The massive dome was completed around 1866 just after the American Civil War. Like the principal buildings of the executive and judicial branches, the Capitol is built in a neoclassical style and has a white exterior. Both its east and west elevations are formally referred to as "fronts", though only the east front was intended for the reception of visitors and dignitaries.


title: United States Capitol

text: Prior to establishing the nation's capital in Washington, D.C., the United States Congress and its predecessors had met in Philadelphia (Independence Hall and Congress Hall), New York City (Federal Hall), and a number of other locations (York, Pennsylvania; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; the Maryland State House in Annapolis, Maryland; and Nassau Hall in Princeton, New Jersey). In September 1774, the First Continental Congress brought together delegates from the colonies in Philadelphia, followed by the Second Continental Congress, which met from May 1775 to March 1781.


title: United States Capitol

text: After adopting the Articles of Confederation in York, Pennsylvania, the Congress of the Confederation was formed and convened in Philadelphia from March 1781 until June 1783, when a mob of angry soldiers converged upon Independence Hall, demanding payment for their service during the American Revolutionary War. Congress requested that John Dickinson, the Governor of Pennsylvania, call up the militia to defend Congress from attacks by the protesters. In what became known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, Dickinson sympathized with the protesters and refused to remove them from Philadelphia. As a result, Congress was forced to flee to Princeton, New Jersey, on June 21, 1783, and met in Annapolis, Maryland, and Trenton, New Jersey, before ending up in New York City.


title: United States Capitol

text: The United States Congress was established upon ratification of the United States Constitution and formally began on March 4, 1789. New York City remained home to Congress until July 1790, when the Residence Act was passed to pave the way for a permanent capital. The decision of where to locate the capital was contentious, but Alexander Hamilton helped broker a compromise in which the federal government would take on war debt incurred during the American Revolutionary War, in exchange for support from northern states for locating the capital along the Potomac River. As part of the legislation, Philadelphia was chosen as a temporary capital for ten years (until December 1800), until the nation's capital in Washington, D.C., would be ready.


title: United States Capitol

text: Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant was given the task of creating the city plan for the new capital city. L'Enfant chose Jenkin's Hill as the site for the "Congress House", with a "grand avenue" (now Pennsylvania Avenue, NW) connecting it with the President's House, and a public space containing a broader "grand avenue" (now the National Mall) stretching westward to the Potomac River (see: L'Enfant Plan).


title: United States Capitol

text: In reviewing L'Enfant's plan, Thomas Jefferson insisted the legislative building be called the "Capitol" rather than "Congress House". The word "Capitol" comes from Latin and is associated with the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Capitoline Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. The connection between the two is not clear. In addition to coming up with a city plan, L'Enfant had been tasked with designing the Capitol and President's House; however, he was dismissed in February 1792 over disagreements with President George Washington and the commissioners, and there were no plans at that point for the Capitol.


title: United States Capitol

text: The word "capitol" has since been adopted, following the example of the United States Capitol, in many jurisdictions also for other government buildings, for instance the "capitols" in the individual capitals of the states of the United States. This, in turn, has led to frequent misspellings of "capitol" and "capital". The former refers to a building which houses government institutions; the latter refers to the entire city.


title: United States Capitol

text: In spring 1792, United States Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson proposed a design competition to solicit designs for the Capitol and the "President's House", and set a four-month deadline. The prize for the competition was $500 and a lot in the Federal City. At least ten individuals submitted designs for the Capitol; however the drawings were regarded as crude and amateurish, reflecting the level of architectural skill present in the United States at the time. The most promising of the submissions was by Stephen Hallet, a trained French architect. However, Hallet's designs were overly fancy, with too much French influence, and were deemed too costly.


title: United States Capitol

text: A late entry by amateur architect William Thornton was submitted on January 31, 1793, to much praise for its "Grandeur, Simplicity, and Beauty" by Washington, along with praise from Thomas Jefferson. Thornton was inspired by the east front of the Louvre, as well as the Paris Pantheon for the center portion of the design. Thornton's design was officially approved in a letter dated April 5, 1793, from Washington, and Thornton served as the first Architect of the Capitol (and later first Superintendent of the United States Patent and Trademark Office). In an effort to console Hallet, the commissioners appointed him to review Thornton's plans, develop cost estimates, and serve as superintendent of construction. Hallet proceeded to pick apart and make drastic changes to Thornton's design, which he saw as costly to build and problematic. In July 1793, Jefferson convened a five-member commission, bringing Hallet and Thornton together, along with James Hoban (winning architect of the "President's Palace") to address problems with and revise Thornton's plan. Hallet suggested changes to the floor plan, which could be fitted within the exterior design by Thornton. The revised plan was accepted, except that Secretary Jefferson and President Washington insisted on an open recess in the center of the East front, which was part of Thornton's original plan.


title: United States Capitol

text: The original design by Thornton was later modified by the British-American architects Benjamin Henry Latrobe Sr., and then Charles Bulfinch. The current cast-iron dome and the House's new southern extension and Senate new northern wing were designed by Thomas Ustick Walter and August Schoenborn, a German immigrant, in the 1850s, and were completed under the supervision of Edward Clark.


title: United States Capitol

text: L'Enfant secured the lease of quarries at Wigginton Island and along Aquia Creek in Virginia for use in the foundations and outer walls of the Capitol in November 1791. Surveying was under way soon after the Jefferson conference plan for the Capitol was accepted. On September 18, 1793, President George Washington, along with eight other Freemasons dressed in masonic regalia, laid the cornerstone, which was made by silversmith Caleb Bentley.


title: United States Capitol

text: Construction proceeded with Hallet working under supervision of James Hoban, who was also busy working on construction of the "President's House" (also later known as the "Executive Mansion"). Despite the wishes of Jefferson and the President, Hallet went ahead anyway and modified Thornton's design for the East Front and created a square central court that projected from the center, with flanking wings which would house the legislative bodies. Hallet was dismissed by Secretary Jefferson on November 15, 1794. George Hadfield was hired on October 15, 1795, as Superintendent of Construction, but resigned three years later in May 1798, because of his dissatisfaction with Thornton's plan and quality of work done thus far.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Senate (north) wing was completed in 1800. The Senate and House shared quarters in the north wing until a temporary wooden pavilion was erected on the future site of the House wing which served for a few years for the Representatives to meet in, until the House of Representatives (south) wing was finally completed in 1811, with a covered wooden temporary walkway connecting the two wings with the Congressional chambers where the future center section with rotunda and dome would eventually be. However, the House of Representatives moved early into their House wing in 1807. Though the Senate wing building was incomplete, the Capitol held its first session of the United States Congress with both chambers in session on November 17, 1800. The National Legislature was moved to Washington prematurely, at the urging of President John Adams, in hopes of securing enough Southern votes in the Electoral College to be re-elected for a second term as president.


title: United States Capitol

text: For several decades, beginning when the federal government moved to Washington in the fall of 1800, the Capitol building was used for Sunday religious services as well as for governmental functions. The first services were conducted in the "hall" of the House in the north wing of the building. In 1801 the House moved to temporary quarters in the south wing, called the "Oven", which it vacated in 1804, returning to the north wing for three years. Then, from 1807 to 1857, they were held in the then-House Chamber (now called Statuary Hall). When held in the House chamber, the Speaker's podium was used as the preacher's pulpit. According to the U.S. Library of Congress exhibit "Religion and the Founding of the American Republic":


title: United States Capitol

text: Not long after the completion of both wings, the Capitol was partially burned by the British on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812.


title: United States Capitol

text: George Bomford and Joseph Gardner Swift, both military engineers, were called upon to help rebuild the Capitol. Reconstruction began in 1815 and included redesigned chambers for both Senate and House wings (now sides), which were completed by 1819. During the reconstruction, Congress met in the Old Brick Capitol, a temporary structure financed by local investors. Construction continued through to 1826, with the addition of the center section with front steps and columned portico and an interior Rotunda rising above the first low dome of the Capitol. Latrobe is principally connected with the original construction and many innovative interior features; his successor Bulfinch also played a major role, such as design of the first low dome covered in copper.


title: United States Capitol

text: By 1850, it became clear that the Capitol could not accommodate the growing number of legislators arriving from newly admitted states. A new design competition was held, and President Millard Fillmore appointed Philadelphia architect Thomas U. Walter to carry out the expansion. Two new wings were added: a new chamber for the House of Representatives on the south side, and a new chamber for the Senate on the north.


title: United States Capitol

text: When the Capitol was expanded in the 1850s, some of the construction labor was carried out by slaves "who cut the logs, laid the stones and baked the bricks". The original plan was to use workers brought in from Europe. However, there was a poor response to recruitment efforts; African Americans, some free and some enslaved, along with Scottish stonemasons, comprised most of the workforce.


title: United States Capitol

text: The 1850 expansion more than doubled the length of the United States Capitol; it dwarfed the original, timber-framed, copper-sheeted, low dome of 1818, designed by Charles Bulfinch which was no longer in proportion with the increased size of the building. In 1855, the decision was made to tear it down and replace it with the "wedding-cake style" cast-iron dome that stands today. Also designed by Thomas U. Walter, the new dome would stand three times the height of the original dome and in diameter, yet had to be supported on the existing masonry piers.


title: United States Capitol

text: Like Mansart's dome at Les Invalides in Paris (which he had visited in 1838), Walter's dome is double, with a large oculus in the inner dome, through which is seen "The Apotheosis of Washington" painted on a shell suspended from the supporting ribs, which also support the visible exterior structure and the tholos that supports the "Statue of Freedom", a colossal statue that was raised to the top of the dome in 1863. The statue invokes the goddesses Minerva or Athena. The cast iron for the dome weighs . The dome's cast iron frame was supplied and constructed by the iron foundry Janes, Fowler, Kirtland & Co.


title: United States Capitol

text: When the Capitol's new dome was finally completed, its massive visual weight, in turn, overpowered the proportions of the columns of the East Portico, built in 1828.


title: United States Capitol

text: In 1904, the East Front of the Capitol building was rebuilt, following a design of the architects Carrère and Hastings, who also designed the Russell Senate and Cannon House office buildings.


title: United States Capitol

text: In 1958, the next major expansion to the Capitol started, with a extension of the East Portico. In 1960, two years into the project, the dome underwent a restoration. A marble duplicate of the sandstone East Front was built from the old Front. In 1962, a connecting extension repurposed what had been an outside wall as an inside wall. In the process, the original sandstone Corinthian columns were removed and replaced with marble. It was not until 1984 that landscape designer Russell Page created a suitable setting for them in a large meadow at the U.S. National Arboretum in northeast Washington as the National Capitol Columns, where they were combined with a reflecting pool into an ensemble that reminds some visitors of the ruins of Persepolis, in Persia.


title: United States Capitol

text: Besides the columns, two hundred tons of the original stone were removed in several hundred blocks. These were first stored on site at the Capitol and then in an unused yard at the Capitol Power Plant until 1975. That year, the power plant was renovated and expanded in accordance with legislation passed in 1970, and the stones fell to the Commission on the Extension of the United States Capitol. As this body was long-defunct, responsibility for the material passed to the House and Senate office building commissions. These commissions then arranged for the National Park Service to store the debris at the back of a NPS maintenance yard in Rock Creek Park. With the permission of the Speaker of the House, the United States Capitol Historical Society has periodically mined the blocks for sandstone since 1975. The stone removed is used to make commemorative bookends, which are still sold to support the Capitol Historical Society. By 1982, more than $20,000 (nearly $60,000 adjusted) had been raised through such sales. Unpursued uses for the stones proposed by the Capitol Historical Society have included their sale as cornerstones in new housing developments.


title: United States Capitol

text: On December 19, 1960, the Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service. The building was ranked #6 in a 2007 survey conducted for the American Institute of Architects' "America's Favorite Architecture" list. The Capitol draws heavily from other notable buildings, especially churches and landmarks in Europe, including the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican and St. Paul's Cathedral in London. On the roofs of the Senate and House Chambers are flagpoles that fly the U.S. flag when either is in session. On September 18, 1993, to commemorate the Capitol's bicentennial, the Masonic ritual cornerstone laying with George Washington was reenacted. U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond was one of the Freemason politicians who took part in the ceremony.


title: United States Capitol

text: On June 20, 2000, ground was broken for the Capitol Visitor Center, which opened on December 2, 2008. From 2001 through 2008, the East Front of the Capitol (site of most presidential inaugurations until Ronald Reagan began a new tradition in 1981) was the site of construction for this massive underground complex, designed to facilitate a more orderly entrance for visitors to the Capitol. Prior to the center being built, visitors to the Capitol had to line up in the basement of the Cannon House Office Building or the Russell Senate Office Building. The new underground facility provides a grand entrance hall, a visitors theater, room for exhibits, and dining and restroom facilities, in addition to space for building necessities such as a service tunnel.


title: United States Capitol

text: A large-scale Capitol dome restoration project, the first extensive such work since 1959–1960, began in 2014, with completion scheduled before the 2017 presidential inauguration. As of 2012, $20 million in work around the skirt of the dome had been completed, but other deterioration, including at least 1,300 cracks in the brittle iron that have led to rusting and seepage inside, needed to be addressed. Before the August 2012 recess, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to spend $61 million to repair the exterior of the dome. The House wanted to spend less on government operations, but in late 2013, it was announced that renovations would take place over two years, starting in spring 2014. Extensive scaffolding was erected in 2014, enclosing and obscuring the dome. All exterior scaffolding was removed by mid-September 2016.


title: United States Capitol

text: With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet, a bid tendering process was approved in 2001/2002 for a contract to install the multidirectional radio communication network for Wi-Fi and mobile-phone within the Capitol Building and annexes, followed by the new Capitol Visitor Center. The winning bidder was an Israeli company called Foxcom which has since changed its name and been acquired by Corning Incorporated.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Capitol building is marked by its central dome above a rotunda in the central section of the structure (which also includes the older original smaller center flanked by the two original (designed 1793, occupied 1800) smaller two wings (inner north and inner south) containing the two original smaller meeting chambers for the Senate and the House of Representatives (between 1800 and late 1850s) and then flanked by two further extended (newer) wings, one also for each chamber of the larger, more populous Congress: the new north wing is the Senate chamber and the new south wing is the House of Representatives chamber. Above these newer chambers are galleries where visitors can watch the Senate and House of Representatives. It is an example of neoclassical architecture.


title: United States Capitol

text: Tunnels and internal subways connect the Capitol building with the Congressional office buildings in the Capitol Complex. All rooms in the Capitol are designated as either S (for Senate) or H (for House), depending on whether they are in the Senate or House wing of the Capitol.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Capitol has a long history in art of the United States, beginning in 1856 with Italian/Greek American artist Constantino Brumidi and his murals in the hallways of the first floor of the Senate side of the Capitol. The murals, known as the Brumidi Corridors, reflect great moments and people in United States history. Among the original works are those depicting Benjamin Franklin, John Fitch, Robert Fulton, and events such as the Cession of Louisiana. Also decorating the walls are animals, insects and natural flora indigenous to the United States. Brumidi's design left many spaces open so future events in United States history could be added. Among those added are the "Spirit of St. Louis", the Moon landing, and the Space Shuttle "Challenger" crew.


title: United States Capitol

text: Brumidi also worked within the Rotunda. He is responsible for the painting of "The Apotheosis of Washington" beneath the top of the dome, and also the "Frieze of American History". "The Apotheosis of Washington" was completed in 11 months and painted by Brumidi while suspended nearly in the air. It is said to be the first attempt by the United States to deify a founding father. Washington is depicted surrounded by 13 maidens in an inner ring with many Greek and Roman gods and goddesses below him in a second ring. The frieze is located around the inside of the base of the dome and is a chronological, pictorial history of the United States from the landing of Christopher Columbus to the Wright Brothers's flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The frieze was started in 1878 and was not completed until 1953. The frieze was therefore painted by four different artists: Brumidi, Filippo Costaggini, Charles Ayer Whipple, and Allyn Cox. The final scenes depicted in the fresco had not yet occurred when Brumidi began his "Frieze of the United States History".


title: United States Capitol

text: Within the Rotunda there are eight large paintings about the development of the United States as a nation. On the east side are four paintings depicting major events in the discovery of America. On the west are four paintings depicting the founding of the United States. The east side paintings include "The Baptism of Pocahontas" by John Gadsby Chapman, "The Embarkation of the Pilgrims" by Robert Walter Weir, "The Discovery of the Mississippi" by William Henry Powell, and "The Landing of Columbus" by John Vanderlyn. The paintings on the west side are by John Trumbull: "Declaration of Independence", "Surrender of General Burgoyne", "Surrender of Lord Cornwallis", and "General George Washington Resigning His Commission". Trumbull was a contemporary of the United States' founding fathers and a participant in the American Revolutionary War; he painted a self-portrait into "Surrender of Lord Cornwallis".


title: United States Capitol

text: "First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln", an 1864 painting by Francis Bicknell Carpenter, hangs over the west staircase in the Senate wing.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Capitol also houses the National Statuary Hall Collection, comprising two statues donated by each of the fifty states to honor persons notable in their histories. One of the most notable statues in the National Statuary Hall is a bronze statue of King Kamehameha donated by the state of Hawaii upon its accession to the union in 1959. The statue's extraordinary weight of raised concerns that it might come crashing through the floor, so it was moved to Emancipation Hall of the new Capitol Visitor Center. The 100th, and last statue for the collection, that of Po'pay from the state of New Mexico, was added on September 22, 2005. It was the first statue moved into the Emancipation Hall.


title: United States Capitol

text: On the ground floor is an area known as the Crypt. It was intended to be the burial place of George Washington, with a ringed balustrade at the center of the Rotunda above looking down to his tomb. However, under the stipulations of his last will, Washington was buried at Mount Vernon. The Crypt houses exhibits on the history of the Capitol. A compass star inlaid in the floor marks the point at which Washington, D.C. is divided into its four quadrants and is the basis for how addresses in Washington, D.C., are designated (NE, NW, SE, or SW).


title: United States Capitol

text: Within the Crypt is Gutzon Borglum's massive "Abraham Lincoln Bust". The sculptor had a fascination with large-scale art and themes of heroic nationalism, and carved the piece from a six-ton block of marble. Borglum carved the bust in 1908; it was donated to the Congress by Eugene Meyer Jr. and accepted by the Joint Committee on the Library the same year. The pedestal was specially designed by the sculptor and installed in 1911. The bust and pedestal were on display in the Rotunda until 1979 when, after a rearrangement of all the sculptures in the Rotunda, they were placed in the Crypt. Borglum was a patriot and believed the "monuments we have built are not our own"; he looked to create art that was "American, drawn from American sources, memorializing American achievement", according to a 1908 interview article. Borglum's depiction of Lincoln was so accurate that Robert Todd Lincoln, the president's son, praised the bust as "the most extraordinarily good portrait of my father I have ever seen". Supposedly, according to legend, the marble head remains unfinished (missing the left ear) to symbolize Lincoln's unfinished life.


title: United States Capitol

text: At one end of the room near the Old Supreme Court Chamber is a statue of John C. Calhoun. On the right leg of the statue, a mark from a bullet fired during the 1998 shooting incident is clearly visible. The bullet also left a mark on the cape, located on the back right side of the statue.


title: United States Capitol

text: Twelve presidents have lain in state in the Rotunda for public viewing, most recently George H. W. Bush. The tomb meant for Washington stored the catafalque which is used to support coffins lying in state or honor in the Capitol. The catafalque now on display in the Exhibition Hall of the Capitol Visitor Center was used for President Lincoln.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Hall of Columns is located on the House side of the Capitol, home to twenty-eight fluted columns and statues from the National Statuary Hall Collection. In the basement of the Capitol building in a utility room are two marble bathtubs, which are all that remain of the once elaborate Senate baths. These baths were a spa-like facility designed for members of Congress and their guests before many buildings in the city had modern plumbing. The facilities included several bathtubs, a barbershop, and a massage parlor.


title: United States Capitol

text: A steep metal staircase, totaling 365 steps, leads from the basement to an outdoor walkway on top of the Capitol's dome. The number of steps represents each day of the year. Also in the basement, the weekly Jummah prayer is held on Fridays by Muslim staffers.


title: United States Capitol

text: Contrary to a popular myth, D.C. building height laws have never referred to the height of the Capitol building, which rises to . Indeed, the Capitol is only the fourth-tallest structure in Washington.


title: United States Capitol

text: The House of Representatives Chamber has 448 permanent seats. Unlike senators, representatives do not have assigned seats. The chamber is large enough to accommodate members of all three branches of the federal government and invited guests for joint sessions of Congress such as the State of the Union speech and other events.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Chamber is adorned with relief portraits of famous lawmakers and lawgivers throughout history. The United States national motto "In God We Trust" is written over the tribune below the clock and above the United States flag. Of the twenty-three relief portraits, only Moses is sculpted from a full front view and is located across from the dais where the Speaker of the House ceremonially sits.


title: United States Capitol

text: There is also a quote etched in the marble of the chamber, as stated by venerable statesman Daniel Webster: "Let us develop the resources of our land, call forth its powers, build up its institutions, promote all its great interests, and see whether we also, in our day and generation, may not perform something worthy to be remembered."


title: United States Capitol

text: The current Senate Chamber opened in 1859 and is adorned with white marble busts of the former Presidents of the Senate (Vice Presidents).


title: United States Capitol

text: The National Statuary Hall is a chamber in the United States Capitol devoted to sculptures of prominent Americans. The hall, also known as the Old Hall of the House, is a large, two-story, semicircular room with a second story gallery along the curved perimeter. It is located immediately south of the Rotunda. It was the meeting place of the U.S. House of Representatives for nearly 50 years (1807–1857). After a few years of disuse, in 1864, it was repurposed as a statuary hall.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Old Senate Chamber is a room in the United States Capitol that was the legislative chamber of the United States Senate from 1810 to 1859, and served as the Supreme Court chamber from 1860 until 1935.


title: United States Capitol

text: This room was originally the lower half of the Old Senate Chamber from 1800 to 1806. After division of the chamber in two levels, this room was used from 1806 until 1860 as the Supreme Court Chamber. In 1860, the Supreme Court began using the newly vacated Old Senate Chamber. In 1935, the Supreme Court vacated the Capitol Building and began meeting in the newly constructed United States Supreme Court Building across the street.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Capitol Grounds cover approximately 274 acres (1.11 km), with the grounds proper consisting mostly of lawns, walkways, streets, drives, and planting areas. Several monumental sculptures used to be located on the east facade and lawn of the Capitol including "The Rescue" and "George Washington". The current grounds were designed by noted American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, who planned the expansion and landscaping performed from 1874 to 1892. In 1875, as one of his first recommendations, Olmsted proposed the construction of the marble terraces on the north, west, and south sides of the building that exist today.


title: United States Capitol

text: Olmsted also designed the Summerhouse, the open-air brick building that sits just north of the Capitol. Three arches open into the hexagonal structure, which encloses a fountain and twenty-two brick chairs. A fourth wall holds a small window which looks onto an artificial grotto. Built between 1879 and 1881, the Summerhouse was intended to answer complaints that visitors to the Capitol had no place to sit and no place to obtain water for their horses and themselves. Modern drinking fountains have since replaced Olmsted's fountain for the latter purpose. Olmsted intended to build a second, matching Summerhouse on the southern side of the Capitol, but congressional objections led to the project's cancellation.


title: United States Capitol

text: Up to four U.S. flags can be seen flying over the Capitol. Two flagpoles are located at the base of the dome on the East and West sides. These flagpoles have flown the flag day and night since World War I. The other two flagpoles are above the North (Senate) and South (House of Representatives) wings of the building, and fly only when the chamber below is in session. The flag above the House of Representatives is raised and lowered by House pages. The flag above the United States Senate is raised and lowered by Senate Doorkeepers. To raise the flag, Doorkeepers access the roof of the Capitol from the Senate Sergeant at Arms's office. Several auxiliary flagpoles, to the west of the dome and not visible from the ground, are used to meet congressional requests for flags flown over the Capitol. Constituents pay for U.S. flags flown over the Capitol to commemorate a variety of events such as the death of a veteran family member.


title: United States Capitol

text: The Capitol, as well as the grounds of Capitol Hill, have played host to major events, including presidential inaugurations held every four years. During an inauguration, the front of the Capitol is outfitted with a platform and a grand staircase. Annual events at the Capitol include Independence Day celebrations, and the National Memorial Day Concert.


title: United States Capitol

text: The general public has paid respect to a number of individuals lying in state at the Capitol, including numerous former presidents, senators, and other officials. Other Americans lying in honor include Officers Jacob Chestnut and John Gibson, the two officers killed in the 1998 shooting incident. Chestnut was the first African American ever to lie in honor in the Capitol. The public also paid respect to Rosa Parks, an icon of the civil rights movement, at the Capitol in 2005. She was the first woman and second African American to lie in honor in the Capitol. In February 2018, the evangelical Rev. Billy Graham became the fourth private citizen to lie in honor in the Rotunda.


title: United States Capitol

text: The U.S. Capitol is believed to have been the intended target of United Airlines Flight 93, one of the four planes that were hijacked on September 11, 2001. The plane crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after passengers tried to regain control of the plane from the hijackers.


title: United States Capitol

text: Since the September 11 attacks, the roads and grounds around the Capitol have undergone dramatic changes. The United States Capitol Police have also installed checkpoints to inspect vehicles at specific locations around Capitol Hill, and have closed a section of one street indefinitely. The level of screening employed varies. On the main east–west thoroughfares of Constitution and Independence Avenues, barricades are implanted in the roads that can be raised in the event of an emergency. Trucks larger than pickups are interdicted by the Capitol Police and are instructed to use other routes. On the checkpoints at the shorter cross streets, the barriers are typically kept in a permanent "emergency" position, and only vehicles with special permits are allowed to pass. All Capitol visitors are screened by a magnetometer, and all items that visitors may bring inside the building are screened by an x-ray device. In both chambers, gas masks are located underneath the chairs in each chamber for members to use in case of emergency. Structures ranging from scores of Jersey barriers to hundreds of ornamental bollards have been erected to obstruct the path of any vehicles that might stray from the designated roadways.


title: United States Capitol

text: After the January 6 United States Capitol attack, security increased again. Additional security fences were installed around the perimeter, and National Guard troops were deployed to bolster security.


title: United States Capitol

text: The United States Capitol Visitor Center (CVC), located below the East Front of the Capitol and its plaza, between the Capitol building and 1st Street East, opened on December 2, 2008. The CVC provides a single security checkpoint for all visitors, including those with disabilities, and an expansion space for the US Congress. The complex contains of space below ground on three floors, and offers visitors a food court, restrooms, and educational exhibits, including an 11-foot scale model of the Capitol dome. It also features skylights affording views of the actual dome. Long in the planning stages, construction began in the fall of 2001, following the killing of two Capitol police officers in 1998. The estimated final cost of constructing the CVC was $621 million.


title: Barbie (film)

text: Barbie is an upcoming satirical romantic fantasy comedy film directed by Greta Gerwig and written by Gerwig and Noah Baumbach. It is based on the Barbie fashion dolls by Mattel, and is the first live-action Barbie film after several computer-animated direct-to-video and streaming television films. The film stars Margot Robbie and Ryan Gosling as Barbie and Ken, with a supporting ensemble cast that includes Will Ferrell, Simu Liu, America Ferrera, Ariana Greenblatt, Ncuti Gatwa, Emma Mackey, Alexandra Shipp, Michael Cera, Issa Rae, Kingsley Ben-Adir, Rhea Perlman, and Kate McKinnon.


title: Barbie (film)

text: The film was announced in 2009 by Universal Pictures with Laurence Mark producing, but development began in April 2014, when Sony Pictures acquired its rights. Following multiple writer and director changes and the casting of two different actresses to play the title role, Sony lost the rights and these were subsequently transferred to Warner Bros. Pictures. Robbie was cast in 2019 and also serves as a producer under her LuckyChap Entertainment banner, alongside Mattel Films and Heyday Films. Gerwig was confirmed as director and co-writer with Baumbach in 2021. Gosling and the rest of the cast were announced in early 2022, and filming began that March in England, wrapping in July.


title: Barbie (film)

text: "Barbie" is scheduled to be released in the United States and United Kingdom on July 21, 2023, by Warner Bros. Pictures.


title: Barbie (film)

text: Additionally, Simu Liu, Kingsley Ben-Adir, Issa Rae, Ncuti Gatwa, and Hari Nef appear as different variations of Barbie and Ken.


title: Barbie (film)

text: Development on a film based on the Barbie toy line began in September 2009, when it was announced that Mattel had signed a partnership to develop the project with Universal Pictures and with Laurence Mark as producer, but nothing came to fruition. In April 2014, Mattel teamed with Sony Pictures to produce the film, which would have Jenny Bicks writing the screenplay and Laurie Macdonald and Walter F. Parkes producing through the Parkes+MacDonald Image Nation banner they created. Filming at the time was anticipated to begin by the end of the year. In March 2015, Diablo Cody was brought onto the project to rewrite the screenplay, and Amy Pascal joined the producing team. Sony would again have rewrites done to the screenplay later that year, hiring Lindsey Beer, Bert V. Royal and Hillary Winston to write drafts.


title: Barbie (film)

text: In December 2016, Amy Schumer entered negotiations to star in the title role, with the Winston screenplay being used that would be rewritten by Schumer and by Schumer’s sister, Kim Caramele. In March 2017, due to scheduling conflicts with the planned June 2017 filming start, Schumer exited negotiations. That July, Anne Hathaway began circling the title role, with Sony hiring Olivia Milch to rewrite the screenplay and approaching Alethea Jones to direct as a means to interest Hathaway into signing on. Jones was attached to direct by March 2018. However, the expiration of Sony's option on the project in October 2018 and its transfer to Warner Bros. Pictures would see the departures of Hathaway, Jones, Macdonald, Parkes and Pascal. Margot Robbie would enter early talks for the role, with Patty Jenkins briefly circling the director position. Robbie's casting was confirmed in July 2019, with Greta Gerwig and Noah Baumbach now penning the screenplay. Gerwig would sign on to also direct the film in July 2021. Robbie stated that the film's aim is to subvert expectations and give audiences "the thing you didn't know you wanted." Helen Mirren narrated the film's trailer and also filmed a brief cameo for the film.


title: Barbie (film)

text: In October, Ryan Gosling entered final negotiations to play Ken in the film. Gosling and the rest of the cast were confirmed to star in the first half of 2022. Principal photography began in March 2022 at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in England, with cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto. The costume designer is Jacqueline Durran, who previously collaborated with Gerwig on "Little Women" (2019). Filming wrapped on July 21, 2022.


title: Barbie (film)

text: Alexandre Desplat was confirmed to be scoring the film in early September 2022, who previously worked with Gerwig on "Little Women" (2019).


title: Barbie (film)

text: Despite fan expectations of the popular 1997 song "Barbie Girl" by pop band Aqua to appear in the film, it was reported that the song is not being featured in the film as stated by a manager of the group.


title: Barbie (film)

text: "Barbie" is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on July 21, 2023, taking over the original release date of "Coyote vs. Acme". It was previously set for June 2, 2017, May 12, 2017, June 29, 2018, August 8, 2018, and May 8, 2020.


title: Barbie (film)

text: A first-look photo for "Barbie" was revealed at Warner Bros. presentation at CinemaCon 2022 on April 27, 2022. The photo saw Robbie as Barbie, sitting behind the wheel of her iconic pink 1965 Chevrolet Corvette. Another photo, featuring Gosling as Ken, was released on June 25, 2022. More than a year before the release of the film, several internet memes involving promotional shots of the characters, memetic references centered on purchasing tickets to the film, and comparisons with its box-office competition "Oppenheimer" begin to spread on social media platforms like Twitter and TikTok.


title: Barbie (film)

text: A teaser trailer first debuted during Thursday night screenings of "." It featured a parody of the opening sequence in Stanley Kubrick's 1968 science fiction film "", narrated by Helen Mirren. The trailer, alongside a poster, was released to the public the following day on December 16, 2022. Christopher McPherson of Collider called it an "absolutely genius marketing ploy". Russ Milheim of the Direct described it as "wildly vibrant" and compared it to "The Lego Movie" (2014) in its sense of self-awareness and embracing the outlandish.


title: Barbie (film)

text: The film's aesthetics made a noticeable cultural impact in the summer of 2022, more than a year before the film's scheduled release, as a result of the release of early stills of Robbie as Barbie as well as bystander photos from the film's location shooting that highlighted the use of bright pastel colors in two options: first, pink had previously been projected by many publications as a fashion trend for the coming year; and second, the popularity was seen as having been boosted by discussion of the film, leading its being dubbed "Barbiecore".


title: Barbie (film)

text: Though primarily discussed as a clothing trend, it also encompassed interior design and makeup. "Vogue" remarked that "the filming of Greta Gerwig's forthcoming movie has made Barbiecore—which mostly translates into skimpy looks in bright pink—the trend of this summer."


title: Toby Jones

text: Tobias Edward Heslewood Jones (born 7 September 1966) is an English actor. Jones made his film debut in Sally Potter's period drama "Orlando" in 1992. He appeared in minor roles in films such as "Naked" (1993), "Les Misérables" (1998), "Ever After" (1998), "Finding Neverland" (2005), and "Mrs Henderson Presents" (2005). He won critical acclaim for his leading role as Truman Capote in the biopic "Infamous" (2006). Since then, he has worked as a character actor in films such as Michael Apted's biographical drama "Amazing Grace" (2006), John Curran's drama "The Painted Veil" (2006), Oliver Stone's political satire "W." (2008), Ron Howard's political drama "Frost/Nixon" (2008), the Cold War spy thriller "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy" (2011), Simon Curtis' "My Week with Marilyn" (2011), the psychological drama "Berberian Sound Studio" (2012), the war comedy "Dad's Army" (2016), and the war drama "Journey's End" (2017).


title: Toby Jones

text: He is also known for his vocal performances as Dobby the House elf in the "Harry Potter" films (2002–2011), Aristides Silk in "The Adventures of Tintin" (2011) and Owl in Disney's "Christopher Robin" (2018). He is also known for his performances in blockbuster franchises such as Claudius Templesmith in "The Hunger Games" (2012) and "" (2013), Arnim Zola in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films "" (2011) and "" (2014), also voicing the character in the Disney+ television series "What If...?" (2021), and as Mr. Eversoll in "" (2018).


title: Toby Jones

text: Jones's television credits include "Doctor Who" (2010), Julian Fellowes's "Titanic" miniseries (2012), the MCU's "Agent Carter" (2015), and "Wayward Pines" (2015–2016). He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film for his role as Alfred Hitchcock in the HBO television film "The Girl" (2012) and won a Best Male Comedy BAFTA for his role in "Detectorists" (2018). In 2017, he portrayed Culverton Smith in "The Lying Detective", an episode of the BBC crime drama "Sherlock".


title: Toby Jones

text: Jones is also known for his work in the theatre. He made his stage debut in 2001 in the comedy play "The Play What I Wrote" which played in the West End and on Broadway, earning him a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In 2020 he was nominated for his second Olivier Award, for Best Actor for his performance in a revival of Anton Chekov's "Uncle Vanya".


title: Toby Jones

text: Jones was born in Hammersmith, London to actors Jennifer Jones (née Heslewood) and Freddie Jones. He has two brothers: Rupert, a director, and Casper, also an actor. He attended Christ Church Cathedral School and Abingdon School in Oxfordshire in the 1980s. He studied drama at the University of Manchester from 1986 to 1989, and at L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq in Paris from 1989 to 1991.


title: Toby Jones

text: Jones has appeared in more than 20 films since his first acting role in the 1992 film "Orlando". He voiced Dobby in two "Harry Potter" films: "Chamber of Secrets" (2002) and "The Deathly Hallows – Part 1" (2010). He played Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury in the HBO/Channel 4 production "Elizabeth I". In 2006, he portrayed Truman Capote in the biopic "Infamous". He appeared in the film adaptation of Stephen King's "The Mist" in 2007. In 2008, he portrayed Karl Rove in Oliver Stone's "W" and Hollywood agent Swifty Lazar in "Frost/Nixon". He appeared alongside his father in the 2004 film "Ladies in Lavender".


title: Toby Jones

text: Jones appeared in the 2010 episode "Amy's Choice", of "Doctor Who," as the Dream Lord, and in the Big Finish Productions series' "Dark Eyes (audio drama)" as Kotris. He also played the role of Samuel Ratchett in Agatha Christie's Poirot TV Series 12 episode "Murder on the Orient Express". In 2011, he played the role of the British spy master Percy Alleline in the adaptation of John Le Carré's "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy" and Arnim Zola in "", a role which he reprised in the sequel "" three years later as well as in a cameo in the TV series "Agent Carter" the following year. In 2012, he had a leading role in the ITV mini-series "Titanic", starred as one of the seven dwarves in "Snow White and the Huntsman", played Dr. Paul Shackleton in "Red Lights," and Max in "Virginia". He also portrayed film director Alfred Hitchcock in the HBO television film "The Girl", a role that earned him his first Golden Globe Award nomination, as well as his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination.


title: Toby Jones

text: In 1998, he appeared as a City businessman in the music video for Gomez's song "Whippin' Piccadilly", from their album "Bring It On".


title: Toby Jones

text: He played Neil Baldwin in the BBC drama "Marvellous" in 2014. Sam Wollaston, in "The Guardian", praised Jones's "lovely, very human, performance", one that earned him his second British Academy Television Award nomination. From 2014, he appeared in the BBC Four television series "Detectorists", for which he received a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance in 2016 before winning the award in 2018.


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2015, Jones played the part of Roger Yount, a banker, in the three-part BBC series "Capital" based on John Lanchester's novel of the same name. Discussing working with Jones on "Capital", writer Peter Bowker said, "I think Toby is a genius and thought that long before I worked with him. He always wants to know a character's needs, and what's beneath those needs. Then he takes all that material and somehow embeds it into the character and physically inhabits the character, so that you never think he's playing the character. It's fascinating to watch him close up. He carries the emotional complexities in every tiny gesture that his character makes so that you immediately can see what his character is like. A character like Roger is full of contradictions, a city banker with an air of entitlement but also a little insecurity picking away at him. Toby can portray that in his walk alone. That's what's great about him, he can portray cold he can portray warm and he can portray both of those things at once."


title: Toby Jones

text: He plays Captain Mainwaring in the film "Dad's Army", released in February 2016. In July the same year he starred as the eponymous agent Verloc in the BBC's "The Secret Agent", a 3-part television adaptation of Joseph Conrad's 1907 novel.


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2017, he portrayed Culverton Smith in "The Lying Detective", an episode of the BBC crime drama "Sherlock". In 2018, he played the dinosaur auctioneer Mr. Eversoll in "", the fifth instalment of the "Jurassic Park" series. In the same year, Jones voiced Owl in Disney's live-action "Christopher Robin".


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2003 Jones played the part of Lord Brideshead in a BBC Radio adaptation of "Brideshead Revisited". Jones voiced the title character of the 2005 BBC Radio 4 adaptation of "Oblomov". He also read the 2009 Radio 4 adaptation of John Irving's "A Prayer for Owen Meany". He played Inspector Goole in 2010 BBC Radio adaptation of "An Inspector Calls". Since 2013 Jones has been the voice of the lead character, Joey Oldman in the BBC Radio 4 series "The Corrupted", an adaptation of the G. F. Newman novel "Crime and Punishment". On 2 December 2012 he played Napoleon Bonaparte in Anthony Burgess's "Napoleon Rising" on Radio 3. In 2013 he played Kotris in the award-winning "Doctor Who" audio play, "Dark Eyes", and read an abridged version of "The Manual of Detection" by Jedediah Berry for the BBC. In 2020 he portrayed Falstaff in BBC Radio 3's "Henry IV, Part 1".


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2021, Jones recorded the audiobook version of John Le Carre's final novel "Silverview" for Penguin Audio.


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2001, he starred in the London West End comedy "The Play What I Wrote", directed by Kenneth Branagh. His comic turn as Arthur earned him the Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, and the play moved to Broadway in 2003.


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2009, he returned to the stage in "Every Good Boy Deserves Favour" at the National Theatre, "Parlour Song" at the Almeida Theatre, and "The First Domino" at Brighton Festival Fringe. In 2011, he played J. M. W. Turner in "The Painter" at the Arcola Theatre. Jones starred as Stanley in the 2018 revival of "The Birthday Party" at The Harold Pinter Theatre.


title: Toby Jones

text: In 2020, he starred as the title role in the Conor McPherson adaptation of "Uncle Vanya" by Anton Chekhov, at the Harold Pinter Theatre.


title: Toby Jones

text: On "The Graham Norton Show", Jones said that he and his wife Karen were together for 25 years before they married in 2015. They have two daughters.


title: Toby Jones

text: Jones was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to drama.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Paul William Scott Anderson (born 4 March 1965) is an English filmmaker who regularly works in science fiction films and video game adaptations.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson made his feature film debut with the British independent film "Shopping" (1994), and found commercial success with his second film, the Hollywood-produced "Mortal Kombat" (1995), based on the first couple of video games of the same name by Midway Games. He is best known as the creative voice behind the first six films of the "Resident Evil" film series (2002–2016), which stars Milla Jovovich (whom he married in 2009), and is based on the Capcom video game series of the same name. The series's first six films, of which Anderson directed four, have collectively grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the most commercially successful video game adaptation of all time. Other of Anderson's notable films are "Event Horizon" (1997), an initial critical and commercial disappointment that found renewed appreciation on home media; "Alien vs. Predator" (2004), based on the crossover concept of the same name between the "Alien" and "Predator" franchises; and "Death Race" (2008), a remake/prequel to 1975's "Death Race 2000".


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson and producer Jeremy Bolt founded Impact Pictures in 1992, under which most of Anderson's films have been made.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson was born in Wallsend, Northumberland, England. At the age of nine, he started making films with a Super-8 camera. After attending Newlands Preparatory School, Gosforth and Newcastle's Royal Grammar School, he became the youngest person ever to graduate from the University of Warwick, with a B.A. in film and literature.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson began his professional career as a writer on the British crime drama comedy series "El C.I.D.", which ran for three series, from 1990 to 1992, and starred Alfred Molina in its first two. He met producer Jeremy Bolt and they founded Impact Pictures in 1992, looking to raise money for Anderson's feature film debut as director, from an action crime drama script of his own, called "Shopping". After much trouble securing funding, "Shopping", which stars Sean Pertwee, Jude Law (in his first feature film role) and Sadie Frost, was released in the United Kingdom in 1994. The censors of the British Board of Film Classification were not happy with the film's violence of and delayed its release for months. When it was eventually released, critics panned it and some cinemas decided to ban it for promoting an "irresponsible" outlook. In the United States it received only an edited, direct-to-video release two years later. Anderson credits "Shopping" for inspiring Channel Four Films, who had financed it, to also finance the more successful "Shallow Grave" and "Trainspotting" films by Danny Boyle, which in turn, he believes, made critics reassess his film in more positive light in later years, as one of the first in a new wave of British films concerning its youth. "Shopping" is Anderson's one and only British film, as he grew up watching American and mainland European movies, never imagining himself a British filmmaker. When "Shopping" was accepted in the Sundance Film Festival, American studios noticed its impressive look and style despite its relatively small $2 million budget, which led to opportunies in Hollywood for Anderson.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson directed the fantasy martial arts video game adaptation "Mortal Kombat" in 1995. Using a script written by Kevin Droney, the film was based on the first entry in the video game franchise by Midway Games, "Mortal Kombat", although elements and characters were borrowed from the original game's sequel, "Mortal Kombat II". The film featured an ensemble cast, including Robin Shou as Liu Kang and Christopher Lambert as Raiden. Anderson became interested in the project because he often played the game at arcades. The production company decided to hire him based on the accomplished visual flair of "Shopping", which was filmed on a very low budget. Anderson, who at the time knew nothing about visual effects or fight scenes, had to study every book on visual effects that he could find, and learned about filming the fight scenes while they were being shot, often consulting those who were experienced in fight choreography on set, such as Shou. The film underwent extensive reshoots in order to add additional fights based on feedback from test screenings, which were attended by fans of the video game franchise. The production company decided to release "Mortal Kombat" in August 1995, in the hope that the film would become a summer blockbuster. Previous video game adaptations, such as "Super Mario Bros.", "Double Dragon", and "Street Fighter" had received particularly negative reviews; although "Street Fighter" was a commercial success, "Double Dragon" failed to break even, while "Super Mario Bros." became a notorious box-office bomb. "Mortal Kombat" was better received by critics, who gave it a mixed to negative reception. Critics praised the atmosphere, visuals, and fighting sequences, but criticized the plot, dialogue, and acting. It fared better with audiences and fans of the video games, and scored a high A− on a CinemaScore poll. As a result, it spent three weeks as the highest-grossing film at the US box office, and earned over $122 million worldwide, produced on a budget of $18 million. It proved a major success for Anderson, and has been recognised one of the first financially successful film adaptations of a video game. Anderson and most cast members, including Lambert, declined to return for the sequel, "", which, when released, was critically panned and underperformed at the box office.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: The success of "Mortal Kombat" gave Anderson free rein to choose his next project, the science fiction action film "Soldier", written by "Blade Runner" screenwriter David Peoples. Peoples' script—and eventually the film itself—contains references to his work on "Blade Runner", and can be considered to be taking place in the same universe, as a sidequel or standalone sequel of sorts. Kurt Russell became attached to star, but decided to take some time off to build up his body, as required by the role, which delayed the production. In the meantime, Anderson directed the 1997 science fiction horror film "Event Horizon", written by Philip Eisner and starring Laurence Fishburne and Sam Neill. Despite praise for its visuals and production design, it was not well received by critics or audiences (D+ on a Cinemascore poll), and failed to break even, which Anderson blamed on a tight post-production schedule and studio-enforced cuts. It later sold well on home video and gained a small cult following. Plans to complete a director's cut restoring the deleted footage were abandoned when it was discovered that most of it had been lost or degraded. "Soldier" was eventually completed and released in 1998, but was a critical and commercial disaster, making less than $15 million in the US, on a budget of $60 million, and releasing straight-to-video in several other markets. Anderson has expressed his regret that the planned location shoots had to be changed to studio soundstages due to the El Niño hurricane, which ended up compromising the film's look. He also verbalized his disappointment with Warner Bros., whom he believes tried to market the film to the same male teen audience as "Mortal Kombat", rather than to grown-up audiences, including women.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: After his last two films' poor performances, Anderson was forced to put his planned remake of the cult film "Death Race 2000" on hold, and he set about writing and directing the 2000 supernatural mystery drama TV film "The Sight", starring Andrew McCarthy. It was meant as a pilot for a potential series, but despite achieving high ratings it was not picked up. Anderson made his earlier films as "Paul Anderson", the name he registered with the Directors Guild of America, but with "The Sight" he began crediting himself as "Paul W. S. Anderson", as filmmaker Paul Thomas Anderson had registered himself with the Writers Guild of America as "Paul Anderson", making it impossible for either of them to both write and direct films as "Paul Anderson".


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson returned to cinema screens in 2002 with "Resident Evil", a science fiction action horror film loosely based on the Capcom video game series of the same name. Anderson came up with the idea of adapting the games after playing the first couple of them for days in his apartment. Because Constantin Film, who had acquired the rights to the series, were not willing to spend more money than they already had on failed attempts (including a script by George A. Romero), Anderson convinced them to write the script, titled "The Undead", on spec. If they liked it, he would sell it to them as a "Resident Evil" film; if not, he would take it elsewhere and try to make it unrelated to the games. He saw the film as a prequel of sorts to the first game in the series, and as such did not include any of the games' characters, a fact criticized by fans. Instead, it stars Milla Jovovich as an original character, Alice. Jovovich is the only actor that reprised her role in all of the series' six films. In comparison to Anderson's previous two films, "Resident Evil" was produced on a moderate budget of $33 million and became a commercial success with a little over $100 million at the box office. It also performed strongly on home media. Critically, "Resident Evil" was not received well, although, similarly to "Mortal Kombat", some reviews characterized it as one of the better attempts at adapting a video game. It received the "fair" rating of B by audiences on a Cinemascore poll. Its relative popularity made Capcom put homages to it in video games "Resident Evil 4" and "". Anderson did not direct, but he wrote, produced, and was otherwise heavily involved with the making of two sequels, "" (2004) and "" (2007), which completed the first of the eventual two trilogies of "Resident Evil" films. In these two sequels, Anderson began to introduce characters from the games, albeit in supporting roles compared to Alice. Both films received similarly negative reviews to the first, but were even bigger commercial successes.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson's next project was "Alien vs. Predator", based on the crossover concept of the same name of the "Alien" and "Predator" franchises, popularized by a series of Dark Horse comics and hinted at in "Predator 2". A film version had been stuck in development hell for several years, despite the franchise's crossing into every other form of media, from books to comics to video games. Anderson directed the film from a script of his own, and it was released in 2004. It received negative reviews, and a B on a Cinemascore poll by audiences. It was a big commercial success, however, grossing somewhat over $170 million on a $60 budget. A sequel was made, "", in which Anderson was not involved, and which failed to match Anderson's film's commercial or even critical performance, a fact that Anderson has used to defend his film.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: After completing "Alien vs. Predator", Anderson resumed work on his planned remake of "Death Race 2000", which was released as "Death Race" in 2008. The science fiction action thriller stars Jason Statham, and Anderson directed it based on his own screenplay. He refers to it as more of a prequel than a remake on the commentary of the home video releases. It received an average reception by critics, and scored a solid B+ on a Cinemascore poll. It grossed little over $75 million on a budget of $45 million, failing to prove a commercial success on the level of Anderson's previous two films. Anderson wrote and produced two straight-to-video prequels, "Death Race 2" (2011) and "" (2013), set before the events of the 2008 film. He later wrote and executive-produced "" (2018), a sequel to the first film.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: The "Resident Evil" productions were criticized for unsafe filming and using shell companies to avoid liability. During the filming of "" (2016), crew member Ricardo Cornelius died when he was caught beneath a Humvee sliding off of a rotating platform. Stunt-woman Olivia Jackson lost most of an arm and was partially paralyzed when she collided with a camera crane during the filming of a motorcycle stunt in rain and freezing conditions. It was determined that she was wearing inadequate safety equipment, and that the stunt's timing had been changed without her knowledge. During the filming of "" (2012), twelve extras were hospitalized with leg, neck, and back wounds after falling from a collapsing high-wheeled platform.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: In 2010, Anderson wrote and directed the first installment in a second trilogy of "Resident Evil" films, titled "". The film continues the storyline from where that last one ended. Anderson envisioned the new trilogy as a way to make use of a new stylistic approach, using slow motion and 3D. Anderson filmed in native 3D, using the Sony F35 camera, mounted on the Fusion Camera System, which was previously used in "Avatar". Despite negative reviews by critics, and a lukewarm B in a Cinemascore poll by audiences, the film grossed $300 million on a budget of $60 million, making over $150 million that the previously most successful film in the franchise, "Resident Evil: Extinction".


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson's next film was the 2011 3D romantic action adventure film "The Three Musketeers", from a screenplay by Andrew Davies and Alex Litvak based on the novel of the same name. Matthew Macfadyen, Ray Stevenson, Luke Evans and Logan Lerman respectively star as the characters from the novel Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and d'Artagnan, while Milla Jovovich plays Milady de Winter. Furthermore, Christoph Waltz stars as Cardinal Richelieu, Orlando Bloom plays the Duke of Buckingham and Mads Mikkelsen appears as Captain Rochefort. The film failed to impress critics who reviewed it negatively, and scored a B on a Cinemascore poll. Commercially it did not perform very well, grossing around $132–140 million on a reported budget that ranges between $75 and 90 million.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson wrote and directed the fifth installment in the "Resident Evil" film franchise, "", in 2012. Anderson brought back several actors from the original trilogy of films to play alternate versions of their characters. The film received generally negative reviews, and a C+ on a Cinemascore poll, the series' lowest. Produced with a budget of $65 million, it grossed $240 million on the box office which is $60 million lower than the previous film's gross, but still overall larger than the grosses of each films of the original trilogy.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: In 2014 his 3D historical disaster romance film named "Pompeii" was released. Inspired by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 that destroyed Pompeii, a city of the Roman Empire, the film was written by Janet Scott Batchler, Lee Batchler and Michael Robert Johnson and stars Kit Harington, Emily Browning, Carrie-Anne Moss, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Jessica Lucas, with Jared Harris, and Kiefer Sutherland. The film was generally negatively received by critics, and was rated a B on a Cinemascore poll. "Pompeii" was a modest box office success on the box office, grossing $108–118 million on a reported budget between $80 and 100 million.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: In late 2016 in Japan, and early 2017 in the rest of the world, Anderson's "" was released, which according to both him and Jovovich is the last "Resident Evil" film they will be involved with. Anderson designed the film "to come full circle", provide answers to some of the series' mysteries, and provide closure for the character of Alice. He decided to abandon the previous two films' stylistic approach of using slow motion in favor of a more fast and gritty feeling, and he also decided to convert the film in 3D in post, instead of filming with 3D cameras. His first daughter with Jovovich, Ever Gabo Anderson, was cast in a double role, as both a young version of Alice, and the character of Red Queen introduced in the original film. The film received average to negative reviews, slightly better than the previous installments, and more along the lines of the original film. It was rated B by audiences on a Cinemascore poll, which is the highest rating in the series, and shared with the first and second films. The film grossed $312 million, on a budget of $40 million, in large part due to a record $94.3 million opening in China, making it Anderson's highest-grossing film.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: In December 2020, Anderson directed "Monster Hunter", based on Capcom's "Monster Hunter" video-game franchise. It was released in December 2020 following delays relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a disappointing gross of $43 million against a $60 million budget. It received negative reviews.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Peter V. Brett's fantasy novel "The Warded Man" was optioned for film production by Anderson and longtime producing partner Jeremy Bolt, but a 2016 update of Brett's website stated that they were no longer involved in the project.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Anderson began dating "Resident Evil" star Milla Jovovich in 2002 after the film. He proposed to her in 2003, and they were "engaged on-and-off for four years" before becoming a couple again early in 2007. On 3 November 2007, Jovovich gave birth to their first child, daughter Ever Anderson, in Los Angeles, California. They married on 22 August 2009. Their second child, a daughter was born in April 2015. In August 2019, Jovovich revealed that they were expecting a third daughter after losing her pregnancy two years prior. Their third daughter was born in February 2020.


title: Paul W. S. Anderson

text: Critical reception to Anderson's films has been negative. While "Mortal Kombat" and some of the "Resident Evil" films commonly feature on lists about the best film adaptations of video games, such lists mention that films of the genre are, at best, lackluster. Anderson has repeatedly stated he considers himself a "populist filmmaker", who only cares about whether his movies entertain the audience and make them cheer in the cinema, rather than their reception by professional critics.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: Eiichiro Oda was born on January 1, 1975, in Kumamoto, Japan. He said that at the age of four he resolved to become a manga artist in order to avoid having to get a "real job". His biggest influence is Akira Toriyama and his series "Dragon Ball". He recalls that his interest in pirates was probably sparked by the popular TV animation series titled "Vicky the Viking". He submitted a character named Pandaman for Yudetamago's classic wrestling manga "Kinnikuman". Pandaman was not only used in a chapter of the manga but would later return as a recurring cameo character in Oda's own works.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: At the age of 17, Oda submitted his work "Wanted!" and won several awards, including second place in the coveted Tezuka Award. That got him into a job at the "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine, where he originally worked as assistant manga artist/assistant to Shinobu Kaitani's series "Suizan Police Gang" before moving to Masaya Tokuhiro on "Jungle King Tar-chan" and "Mizu no Tomodachi Kappaman", which gave him an unexpected influence on his artistic style. At the age of 19, he began working as an assistant to Nobuhiro Watsuki on "Rurouni Kenshin", before winning the Hop Step Award for new manga artists. Watsuki credits Oda for helping create the character Honjō Kamatari who appears in "Rurouni Kenshin".


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: During this time, Oda drew two pirate-themed one-shot stories called "Romance Dawn", which were published in "Akamaru Jump" and "Weekly Shōnen Jump" respectively in late 1996. "Romance Dawn" featured Monkey D. Luffy as the protagonist, who then became the protagonist of "One Piece".


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: In 1997, "One Piece" began serialization in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" and has become not only one of the most popular manga in Japan, but the best-selling manga series of all time. It sold 100 million collected "tankōbon" volumes by February 2005, over 200 million by February 2011, had 320,866,000 copies printed worldwide by December 2014, 430 million volumes in circulation worldwide as of October 2017, 440million copies sold as of May 2018 and 450million in print as of March 2019.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: Additionally, individual volumes of "One Piece" have broken publishing records in Japan. Volume 56 received the highest initial print run of any manga, 2.85 million copies, in 2009. Volume 57's print of 3 million in 2010 was the highest first print for any book in Japan, not just manga. A record that was broken several times by subsequent volumes and currently held by 67's 4.05 million initial printing in 2012. In 2013, the series won the 41st Japan Cartoonists Association Award Grand Prize, alongside Kimuchi Yokoyama's "Nekodarake Nice".


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: In a 2008 poll, conducted by marketing research firm Oricon, Oda was elected fifth most favorite manga artists of Japan. He shared the place with Yoshihiro Togashi, creator of "YuYu Hakusho" and "Hunter × Hunter". In their 2010 poll on the Mangaka that Changed the History of Manga, Oda came in fourth.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: For the tenth "One Piece" animated theatrical film, "", Oda created the film's story, drew over 120 drawings for guidance and insisted Mr. Children provide the theme song. Additionally, a special chapter of the manga was created and included in "tankōbon" volume 0, which was given free to attendees of the film and also contained his drawings for the film. Following the particular success of the this film, Oda also provided the character design for and executive produced the subsequent movies "" (2012), "" (2016), "" (2019), and "" (2022).


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: Oda and Akira Toriyama created a 2007 crossover one-shot called "Cross Epoch", that contains characters from Toriyama's "Dragon Ball" and Oda's "One Piece". In 2013, they each designed a Gaist character for the video game "Gaist Crusher".


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: Oda regarded many mangaka both as his friend and rival. Among these were his fellow assistants under Nobuhiro Watsuki; Hiroyuki Takei, and Mikio Itō. Still many years later, they remained good friends. Another mangaka is Masashi Kishimoto. For the title page illustration of "One Piece" chapter 766, which ran in 2014's 50th issue of "Weekly Shōnen Jump "alongside the final two chapters of Kishimoto's "Naruto", Oda included a hidden message and other tributes in the art. Kishimoto himself also gave tribute in the ending of "Naruto" where the character Boruto Uzumaki makes a drawing of the Straw Hat Jolly Roger on a mountain. Upon the release of Chapter 1,000 of "One Piece", several of Oda's fellow mangaka rivals paid tribute in the author's comment section of "Weekly Shōnen Jump" by congratulating Oda for achieving this milestone.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: According to Oda himself and his manga editors, he is an ardent worker, perfectionist, and sleeps only three hours per day during a typical work week.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: He was hospitalized for a peritonsillar abscess in 2013 and later discharged from the hospital after two weeks. After a year, he underwent a tonsillectomy to completely cure his condition.


title: Eiichiro Oda

text: Oda gifted Kumamoto Prefecture 800 million yen (US $8 million) in 2018 after it suffered a damaging earthquake in 2016 that had affected its iconic Kumamoto Castle. Oda's 800 million yen donation was offered in two separate gifts, one for 500 million yen under Luffy's name and a second donation of 300 million yen. Eiichiro Oda has long been a supporter of earthquake-stricken areas, writing supportive messages, contributing art for local products, and participating in the ONE PIECE Kumamoto Revival Project.


title: Merlin

text: Merlin (, , ) is a mythical figure prominently featured in the legend of King Arthur and best known as a mage, with several other main roles. His usual depiction, based on an amalgamation of historic and legendary figures, was introduced by the 12th-century British author Geoffrey of Monmouth. It is believed that Geoffrey combined earlier tales of Myrddin and Ambrosius, two legendary Briton prophets with no connection to Arthur, to form the composite figure called Merlinus Ambrosius (, ).


title: Merlin

text: Geoffrey's rendering of the character became immediately popular, especially in Wales. Later writers in France and elsewhere expanded the account to produce a fuller image, creating one of the most important figures in the imagination and literature of the Middle Ages.


title: Merlin

text: Merlin's traditional biography casts him as an often-mad being born of a mortal woman, sired by an incubus, from whom he inherits his supernatural powers and abilities, most commonly and notably prophecy and shapeshifting. Merlin matures to an ascendant sagehood and engineers the birth of Arthur through magic and intrigue. Later authors have Merlin serve as the king's advisor and mentor until his disappearance from the tale, leaving behind a series of prophecies foretelling the events yet to come. A popular story from the French prose cycles describes Merlin being bewitched and forever sealed or killed by his student known as the Lady of the Lake after falling in love with her, with a local legend claiming him buried in the magical forest of Brocéliande. Other texts variously describe his retirement or death.