title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia, who was an avid movie viewer, aspired to be an actor since childhood. Her acting career was initiated by her father, who socialised with film-industry professionals and frequented parties hosted by screenwriter Anjana Rawail. Through his contacts, Dimple was almost cast to play the younger version of Vyjayanthimala's character in H. S. Rawail's "Sunghursh" (1968), but was eventually rejected because she looked older than the part called for. After she turned down an offer to play the protagonist in Hrishikesh Mukherjee's "Guddi" in 1970, another opportunity arose in 1971 when Raj Kapoor was looking for a young, new female lead for his planned teen romance. Munni Dhawan, a close friend of Kapoor, suggested he consider Kapadia, having been acquainted with her father. In June that year, at the age of 14, Kapadia performed a screen test for the film on the sets of one of Kapoor's productions. Impressed with her spontaneity and improvisation, Kapoor cast her in the part. The film, which was named "Bobby", was released in September 1973. It starred Kapoor's son Rishi Kapoor as Raj Nath, the son of a wealthy Hindu businessman, and Kapadia was given the title role of Bobby Braganza, the teenage daughter of a Christian fisherman from Goa. The story follows the love affair between Raj and Bobby in the face of his parents' disapproval of their relationship due to class prejudice.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: "Bobby" was a major commercial success and Kapadia was lauded for her performance, which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress (tied with Jaya Bhaduri for "Abhimaan"). Qurratulain Hyder of "The Illustrated Weekly of India" noted she acted with "natural ease and freshness". Several of Kapadia's lines in the film became popular, particularly, "Mujhse dosti karoge?" ("Will you be my friend?"), and the "miniskirts, midriff-baring polka dot shirts, and fabled red bikini" she wore made her a youth fashion icon in India. Consequently polka-dotted dresses were often referred to as "Bobby Print". Bhawana Somaaya of "The Hindu" credits Kapadia with starting the merchandising of film memorabilia in India, and Mukesh Khosla of "The Tribune" said "Bobby" established her as a "cult figure" because she led the fashion trends. In later years, Kapadia credited Raj Kapoor for her development as an actor: "The sum total of me today as an actress, whatever I am, is Raj Kapoor". In 2008, Raja Sen from the web portal Rediff.com ranked her performance in "Bobby" as the fourth-best female debut of all-time in Hindi cinema: "An elfin little girl with big, lovely eyes, nobody quite portrayed innocence as memorably as Dimple in her first outing. She was candid, striking, and a true natural ... here was a girl who would redefine glamour and grace, and make it look very, very easy indeed."


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia returned to acting in 1984, two years after her separation from Khanna, saying she had a personal need to prove her own capabilities to herself. Over the next decade, she became one of the leading female actors in Hindi cinema. Her first post-hiatus film was "Saagar"; a mutual friend notified the director Ramesh Sippy about Kapadia's willingness to return to acting. She considered her screen test for the film unsuccessful because she was "literally shivering" while performing it, but Sippy cast her to play the lead part opposite her "Bobby" co-star Rishi Kapoor. The film was intended to be her comeback vehicle but its one-year delay meant several of her later projects were released before, the first of which was "Zakhmi Sher" (1984).


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Other films released before "Saagar" include "Manzil Manzil" (1984), "Aitbaar" (1985) and "Arjun" (1985). Kapadia appeared opposite Sunny Deol in "Manzil Manzil", a drama that was directed by Nasir Hussain. While speaking of her positive experience during the making of the film, she felt uncomfortable performing the routine song-and-dance nature of the part. Her work was deemed ineffective by "Trade Guide", and "The Illustrated Weekly of India" reported her career prospects entirely depended upon the fortunes of her next few projects. Kapadia received positive reviews for her part in Mukul Anand's Hitchcockian thriller "Aitbaar". She starred as Neha, a wealthy young woman whose greedy husband (Raj Babbar) plots to murder her. Discussing her performance, she said she was "a bag of nerves" while filming, which benefitted her performance because her own state coincided with her character's inner turmoil. She was cast opposite Sunny Deol for a second time in Rahul Rawail's action film "Arjun"; it was her first commercial success since her return to films.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: "Saagar" premiered in August 1985 and was controversial for several scenes featuring Kapadia, including one in which she was seen topless for less than a second. The film was chosen as India's official entry to the 58th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. Kapadia's performance as Mona D'Silva, a young Catholic woman who is torn between her friend (Kamal Haasan) and the man she loves (Kapoor), won her a second Best Actress award at the Filmfare Awards. A reviewer in "Asiaweek" appreciated the film for its "polished narration and masterly technique" and labelled Kapadia "a delight". According to Rediff.com, Kapadia "performed solidly and memorably, grounding the two male leads and making the film work". A 1993 issue of "India Today" wrote: ""Saagar" was in many ways a paean to her incredible beauty. She looked ravishing: auburn hair, classical face, deep eyes, an aura of sensuality. It was clear she was back."


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Feroz Khan's "Janbaaz" (1986), which is about a man fighting drug addiction, became known for a love scene in which Kapadia and male lead Anil Kapoor share a full-on kiss, a rare occasion in Hindi cinema at the time. The same year, she acted opposite Kamal Haasan in her first regional film, "Vikram", a Tamil-language sci-fi feature, in the minor role of Inimaasi, a young princess who falls in love with Vikram (Haasan). At that time, she worked in numerous Hindi films made by producers from South India, including "Pataal Bhairavi", which she detested. She later confessed to accepting these roles for financial gain rather than artistic merit: "I shudder even now when I think of those films. As an artiste I got totally corrupted."


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 1987, Kapadia appeared in Rajkumar Kohli's "Insaniyat Ke Dushman" and Mukul Anand's "Insaaf"; both action films that were popular with audiences. In "Insaaf", she played the dual role of a dancer and a physician. Later in the year, she played Pooja in Mahesh Bhatt's marital drama "Kaash". Kapadia and Jackie Shroff starred as an estranged couple who, during a relentless legal battle over the custody of their only son, learn that the boy is suffering from brain tumour and reunite to spend the last months of his life as a family. Before filming began, she called it the most serious artistic challenge of her career. Bhatt cast Kapadia because he was aware of her own marital experience and later revealed that during the shooting she had grown increasingly invested in the story, so much that after a point he could not differentiate her from Pooja as she "became the character". Kapadia's performance was praised by critics. Pritish Nandy, the editor of "The Illustrated Weekly of India", asserted: "Dimple achieves the impossible. Bereft of her glitzy make-up, glamour and filmi mannerisms, she comes alive as never before: beautiful, sensitive, intense. You almost feel you've discovered a new actress on the screen." In later years, "The Times of India" listed it as one of Kapadia's best performances, noting her "immense strength as a performer", and Sukanya Verma wrote of the "stoic determination and touching vulnerability" with which Pooja was played, calling the outcome "extremely believable and sympathetic at once". Bhawana Somaaya reported that "Kaash" had established Kapadia as a performing artiste.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In "Zakhmi Aurat" (1988), Kapadia played Kiran Dutt, a police officer who is subjected to gang rape and, when the judicial system fails to convict the criminals, unites with other rape survivors to castrate the rapists in revenge. Among the first of a new trend of women-centred revenge films, the film was a financial success but polarised critics and attracted wide coverage for its lengthy, brutal rape scene involving Kapadia. Khalid Mohamed of "The Times of India" noted Kapadia's "power packed performance" but criticised the rape sequence as "utter lasciviousness" and "vulgarity spattering through the screen". Feminist magazine "Manushi" panned its low cinematic quality, including the absurdity of the action scenes and the "ugly kind of titillation" in the rape scene but said Kapadia brought "a conviction to her role that is rare among Bombay heroines" with a performance that is "low key, moving and charming without being at all clinging or seductive". The same year, Kapadia worked with Rajkumar Kohli on the action drama "Saazish" and the horror film "Bees Saal Baad", a remake of the 1962 film of the same name. She was the action star in "Mera Shikar", a revenge saga directed by Keshu Ramsay, playing Bijli, a once joyous young woman who trains in martial arts to punish a notorious gangster for the crimes inflicted upon her sister. The film was described as an "extraordinarily adroit entertainer" by Subhash K. Jha, who preferred it over the "sleazy sensationalism" of "Zakhmi Aurat" and noted the "unusual restraint" with which Bijli's transformation was achieved.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 1989, Kapadia appeared as Jackie Shroff's love interest in "Ram Lakhan", a crime drama directed by Subhash Ghai. The film was a success with both critics and audiences, becoming the second-highest grossing Hindi film of the year and earning eight nominations at the 35th Filmfare Awards. She played a courtesan-turned-vengeful mistress in "Pati Parmeshwar". The film was released after a well-publicised two-year court battle with the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), which initially banned it from screening for its perceived glorification of submissiveness of women through the character of the forgiving wife who is in "ignoble servility" to her husband. Other films starring Kapadia that year include Babbar Subhash's "Pyar Ke Naam Qurbaan" and J. P. Dutta's action picture "Batwara".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In the 1990s, Kapadia started appearing in parallel cinema, a movement of Indian neo-realist art films, later citing an "inner yearning to exhibit my best potential". Those films include "Drishti" (1990), "Lekin..." (1991), "Rudaali" (1993) and "Antareen" (1993). "Drishti", a marital drama that was directed by Govind Nihalani, starred Kapadia and Shekhar Kapur as a married couple from Mumbai's intellectual milieu, and followed their trials and tribulations, extramarital affairs, divorce, and eventual reconciliation. Kapadia recounted her full emotional involvement in the part of the protagonist, career-woman Sandhya; her performance was critically acclaimed. The author Subramani recognised Kapadia as "an actress with hidden resources" and appreciated her "intelligent portrayal", through which Sandhya emerged as "vulnerable and intense and full of feminine wiles". A review in "The Indian Express" presumed her own separation might have contributed to her understanding of the part and sensitive performance. The film was acknowledged as the Best Hindi Film of that year at the 38th National Film Awards, and "Frontline" magazine suggested that Kapadia should have earned the Best Actress award at the same function. She was named Best Actress (Hindi) of the year by the Bengal Film Journalists' Association.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Gulzar's romantic mystery "Lekin...", which is based on Rabindranath Tagore's short story "Hungry Stones" (1895), stars Kapadia as a restless spirit seeking liberation, Reva, who haunts an ancient palace and appears intermittently in the presence of a museum curator (Vinod Khanna) throughout his work visit in Rajasthan. Kapadia was determined to get the part as soon as she learned about the project and kept repeatedly calling Gulzar and the film's producer Lata Mangeshkar until she was finally cast. To make her character more truthful, Gulzar forbade Kapadia to blink during filming, trying to capture an "endless, fixed gaze" that would give her "a feeling of being surreal". Kapadia has often cited this role as a personal favourite and the pinnacle of her career, and wished she had more screen time in the film. "Lekin..." was popular with critics and Kapadia's performance in it earned her a third Filmfare nomination. Subhash K. Jha described Reva as "the essence of evanescence" and took note of the "intense tragedy" with which Kapadia played the part.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia played a young widow in the military drama "" (1991), the first directorial venture of the actor Nana Patekar, with whom she would collaborate in several other films. The film, co-starring Patekar and Madhuri Dixit, had a good reception from critics. Kapadia and Dixit agreed to act without wearing makeup upon Patekar's insistence. While critics credited the female actors for their work, most of the praise went to Patekar. Further critical attention came her way when she played a principled office receptionist opposite Sunny Deol in the action film "Narsimha".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In "Haque" (1991), a political drama directed by Harish Bhosle and scripted by Mahesh Bhatt, Kapadia played Varsha B. Singh, an Orthodox Hindu woman who is married to an influential politician and who has a miscarriage following an assault. The story follows Varsha's defiance of her husband after years of subservience when, for political reasons, he refuses to take legal action against the assailants. According to the author Ram Awatar Agnihotri, Kapadia played the character bravely and convincingly. Kapadia starred alongside Amitabh Bachchan in the fantasy "Ajooba", a big-budgeted Indo-Russian co-production that was co-directed by Shashi Kapoor and Gennady Vasilyev. Based on Arabian mythology and set in the fictional Afghan kingdom Baharistan, the film saw her in the role of Rukhsana, a young woman who arrives from India to rescue her father from prison. The critical response to "Ajooba" was mediocre, and it failed to attract viewers in Indian cinemas though was a success in the Soviet Union.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: The release of "Maarg", her second project under Mahesh Bhatt's direction, was delayed for several years before its straight-to-video release in late 1992. The film is about power politics within an ashram and features Kapadia as Uma, who works as a prostitute by choice. The critic Iqbal Masood considered it "a powerful satire" with "excellent performances". According to Bhatt, Kapadia's role was so intense it left her close to a breakdown after filming ended. She next played Barkha, a single woman who abandons her newly-born, out-of-wedlock daughter, in Hema Malini's directorial debut "Dil Aashna Hai" (1992). In Shashilal K. Nair's crime drama "Angaar" (1992), Kapadia played Mili, a homeless orphan who is collected by an unemployed man (Jackie Shroff). "Angaar", and Kapadia's performance in it, received positive reviews from critics but it was financially unsuccessful. Meena Iyer of "The Times of India", who called it "one of the most engaging mafia films to have come out of Bollywood", attributed the film's limited audience to its subject matter.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 1993, Kapadia won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in "Rudaali", a drama that was directed by Kalpana Lajmi and adapted from Mahasweta Devi's short story of the same name. She played the central character Shanichari, a lonely, hardened Rajasthani village woman who, during a lifetime of misfortune, has never cried and is challenged with a new job as a professional mourner. The citation for the award described her performance as a "compelling interpretation of the tribulations of a lonely woman ravaged by a cruel society". The Indologist Philip Lutgendorf argued that Kapadia's "dignity and conviction, as well as her effective body language and gestures, lift her character far beyond bathos". Among other accolades, she won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance and was acknowledged with Best Actress honours at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival and the International Film Festival in Damascus. Critics and moviegoers accepted "Rudaali" with enthusiasm, and it was India's submission to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. In 2010, "Filmfare" magazine included Kapadia's work in the film in their list of "80 Iconic Performances".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Another Filmfare nomination for Kapadia came that year for her supporting role as Shanti, a street prostitute whose husband and child were burnt alive, in the Priyadarshan-directed crime drama "Gardish". An adaptation of the 1989 Malayalam film "Kireedam", the film starred Jackie Shroff and Amrish Puri and was met with approval from critics and the public. "The Indian Express" praised the film's "script, vivid characters and powerful dialogues", and noted Kapadia's ability to command audience attention. Mrinal Sen's 1993 Bengali drama "Antareen", which was adapted from Saadat Hasan Manto's short story "Badshahat ka Khatama" (1950), was Kapadia's first non-Hindi project since "Vikram" (1986). She played an unhappily married woman who develops a telephonic relationship with a stranger (Anjan Dutt). Kapadia insisted on playing the role spontaneously and thus refused to enrol in a crash-course in Bengali, which she felt she would be able to speak convincingly. Her voice was later dubbed by Anushua Chatterjee, a decision with which Kapadia was unhappy. "Antareen" was well-received and was named the Best Bengali Film at the 41st National Film Awards but Kapadia was dissatisfied with the outcome and dismissed it as a poor film.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 1994, in Mehul Kumar's "Krantiveer", Kapadia portrayed the journalist Meghna Dixit, a rape victim who persuades an alcoholic, unemployed village man (Nana Patekar) to be a champion of justice for those around him. The film was a box-office success and became India's third-highest-grossing picture of the year. "The Indian Express" complimented Kapadia for having developed into a leading character actor with this film. For her performance, Kapadia received her fourth Filmfare Award, this time in the Best Supporting Actress category.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: After "Antareen", Kapadia was expected to work in more independent films but she took a three-year hiatus from acting, later saying she was "emotionally exhausted". She returned to commercial cinema in 1997, playing Amitabh Bachchan's wife in "Mrityudaata" under Mehul Kumar's direction. The film was a critical and commercial failure; "India Today" panned its "comic book-level storytelling". The trade journal "Film Information" said Kapadia had a role unworthy of her time, and Kapadia shared similar sentiments. Her next release was the murder mystery "" (1998), which audiences rejected despite a stronger opening. Kapadia appeared opposite Jackie Shroff in "Laawaris" (1999), in a role that according to "Hindustan Times" did not allow her "much to do except scream"; Rediff.com's Sharmila Taliculam criticised the film for its formulaic script and lack of originality. In her final feature of the decade, "Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain", Kapadia played Devyani Chopra, the strict mother of a wealthy family. Subhash K. Jha called the film an embarrassment while Suparn Verma gave a scathing review of Kapadia's performance, noting she "wears a permanent scowl" throughout the film.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In her first film of the new millennium, Kapadia co-starred in Farhan Akhtar's directorial debut "Dil Chahta Hai" (2001), which depicts the contemporaneous, routine life of Indian affluent youth, and focuses on a period of transition in the lives of three friends (Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan and Akshaye Khanna). Kapadia played the role of Tara Jaiswal, a middle-aged alcoholic woman, an interior designer by profession, and a divorcee who is not allowed to meet her daughter. The film presents her story through the character of Siddharth (Khanna), a much-younger man whom she befriends and who falls deeply in love with her. Akhtar wrote the part specifically for Kapadia, who later called it "a role to die for" and said making the film was an enriching experience. Critics lauded "Dil Chahta Hai" as a groundbreaking film for its realistic portrayal of Indian youth. The film performed well in large cities but failed in the rural areas, which trade analysts attributed to the urban lifestyle depicted in it. Saibal Chatterjee, in a review for "Hindustan Times", noted, "Dimple Kapadia, in a brief, somewhat underdeveloped role, presents a poignant study of loneliness".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 2002, Kapadia portrayed the title role in the drama "Leela", an American production that was directed by Somnath Sen and co-stars Deepti Naval, Vinod Khanna and Amol Mhatre. Kapadia's part, which was written specially for her, is that of a forty-year-old, married Mumbai University professor who, after the death of her mother, loses her sense of happiness and takes a job as a visiting professor of South Asian studies in California. The story follows Leela's acclimation to her new surroundings and her relationship with a young Indian-American man named Kris (Mhatre), one of her students. Kapadia was nervous during the making of the film but believed the tension helped elevate her acting. The film was reviewed favourably by American critics, among whom Maitland McDonagh from "TV Guide" wrote: "Dimple Kapadia shines in this family melodrama ... [her] intelligent, nuanced performance is the film's highlight". Reviews in India were similarly approving of "Leela" and Kapadia's work.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia played the lead role of army wife Sandra Williams in "Hum Kaun Hai?" (2004), a supernatural thriller. The film opened to a mixed critical reception, but critics said Kapadia's performance and charismatic presence enhance an otherwise weak script. 2005 saw Kapadia and Rishi Kapoor reunite as a lead couple for the third time after "Bobby" (1973) and "Saagar" (1985) in "Pyaar Mein Twist", starring as middle-aged single parents who fall in love and later have to deal with the reaction of their children. The film generated mostly negative reviews but critics concurred the chemistry between the lead pair was enough of a reason to watch it, acknowledging the nostalgic value of the pairing. Few people went to see the film; within two weeks it was declared a failure. In 2016, scholar Afreen Khan cited Kapadia's character as a departure from the conventional portrayal of mothers in Hindi films, believing her role to be a modern mother whom daughters dream of having.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 2006, Kapadia co-starred with Saif Ali Khan and Naseeruddin Shah in the black comedy "Being Cyrus", an English-language independent feature and the directorial debut of Homi Adajania. Kapadia played Katy Sethna, Shah's neurotic and unfaithful wife who has an affair with Cyrus (Khan), a young drifter who enters their house as an assistant. The film was well-received at a number of film festivals before its theatrical release in India, upon which it was embraced by critics and audiences, making a considerable profit against its small budget. The BBC's Poonam Joshi stated, "the descent into despair of Dimple Kapadia's Katy is enthralling" but other critics, including Derek Elley from "Variety" and Shradha Sukumaran from "Mid-Day", criticised her for excessively overacting. In the mystical love story "Banaras" (2006), Kapadia played a wealthy Brahmin woman whose daughter falls in love with a man of a lower caste.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: V. K. Prakash's romance "Phir Kabhi" (2008) stars Kapadia and Mithun Chakraborty as ageing people who meet at a school reunion and rekindle their high-school romance. The film was awarded seven prizes, including the Best Film Award in the Narrative Feature section, at the Los Angeles Reel Film Festival. It was released direct-to-video a year later and was simultaneously distributed via pay-per-view direct-to-home (DTH) services, becoming the first Hindi film to premier on streaming media platforms. At the request of her son-in-law Akshay Kumar, Kapadia voiced the character Devi, the mother of the elephant Jumbo (Kumar), in the animated feature "Jumbo" (2008), a remake of the 2006 Thai computer animation "Khan Kluay".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia was cast in Zoya Akhtar's first directorial venture "Luck by Chance" (2009), a satirical take on the Hindi film industry. She played Neena Walia, an erstwhile superstar—referred to in the film as "a crocodile in a chiffon saree"—who struggles to launch her young daughter into the movie business. Kapadia was approached for the part because it required an actor who had been a mainstream female lead in the past. Akhtar noted Kapadia's edgy portrayal of the character's fickle nature, saying Kapadia is "all warm, soft sunshine and then there's a flip and she's hard, cold, steely". "Luck By Chance" opened to a warm critical response, though its financial income was modest. Critics were appreciative of Kapadia's performance, which earned her a Best Supporting Actress nomination at Filmfare. Deepa Karmalkar from "Screen" characterised her role as "gloriously bitchy" while Avijit Ghosh of "The Times of India" believed Kapadia had delivered "one of her most nuanced performances" in a character he found to be "a rare kind of Hindi film mother" who is "hawk-eyed, tough as nails but vainglorious, and in a strange way, vulnerable as well".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 2010, Kapadia played the small part of Salman Khan's asthmatic mother in action comedy "Dabangg", which was the most popular film of the year in India and the second-highest grossing Hindi film of all-time up to that point. Reviews for Kapadia's role were mixed; Shubhra Gupta dismissed her as "laughably wrong" and Blessy Chettiar of "Daily News and Analysis" likened her character to "the mothers in Hindi cinema of yore, self-sacrificing, torn between relationships, slightly over-the-top, likeable nevertheless". "Tum Milo Toh Sahi", which was released the same year, is a romantic comedy in which Kapadia stars as Delshad Nanji, a Parsi woman in charge of an Irani café whose business is under threat from developers and who falls in love with the lawyer (Nana Patekar) who represents her in court. Kapadia adopted a Parsi accent for the role and while preparing for it, visited several Irani cafés in Mumbai to understand their culture and get into the mood of the character. The film opened to average reviews but Kapadia's performance received generally positive feedback. Anupama Chopra was critical of her character, which she said "veers into caricature", but wrote Kapadia "plays her with affection and energy and at least has some fun doing it".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia's only film of 2011 was Nikhil Advani's "Patiala House", a sports film revolving around cricket in which she was cast as Rishi Kapoor's wife and her son in-law, Akshay Kumar's mother. The same year, she appeared in "Bombay Mittayi", her first role in a Malayalam-language film, for which she started learning the language. She played the wife of a celebrated Ghazal singer, played by Amar Singh, on whose behest she was offered the part.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia collaborated again with Homi Adajania in "Cocktail" (2012) and "Finding Fanny" (2014), both critical and commercial successes. The romantic comedy "Cocktail" saw her play Saif Ali Khan's loud Punjabi mother, Kavita Kapoor, an appearance to which Aniruddha Guha of "Daily News and Analysis" referred as a "veritable treat". While filming "Cocktail", Kapadia was shown the script of the satirical road movie "Finding Fanny"; believing Adajania is a director capable of bringing the best in her, she expressed keen interest in the project. She was cast as Rosalina "Rosie" Eucharistica, a conceited-but-well-meaning woman who joins her late son's widow (Deepika Padukone) on a road trip across Goa. Kapadia was required to wear a heavy prosthetic posterior for the role, and her portrayal earned her a fourth Best Supporting Actress nomination at Filmfare. Rachel Saltz of "The New York Times" wrote Kapadia "inhabits and enhances her role" and "steers clear of caricature and even milks some humor out of the unfunny script".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In 2013, Kapadia was the protagonist in the comedy "What the Fish", portraying Sudha Mishra, an irate Delhi-based divorcee who begrudgingly entrusts her niece with taking care of her house while she is away. Kapadia was enthusiastic about the part, feeling challenged to play its different traits. Reviews of both the film and Kapadia's work were mixed. "The Times of India" panned the film's script for making "Kapadia's tryst with comedy seem loud and forced", and Raja Sen deemed her part the most forgettable of her career. Sarita A. Tanwar of "Daily News and Analysis" considered the film "a rather audacious entertaining attempt" and said Kapadia was "in top form", and similarly positive comments were written by Subhash K. Jha.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: For the rest of the decade, Kapadia returned to film twice for minor roles in the action comedies "Welcome Back" (2015) and "Dabangg 3" (2019). She played a conwoman in Anees Bazmee's "Welcome Back" along with an ensemble cast led by Anil Kapoor and Nana Patekar. Mihir Fadnavis of "Hindustan Times" described her role as an "embarrassing, extended cameo" but Rajeev Masand took note of her "droll" presence. "Dabangg 3", the third installment of the "Dabangg" film series, saw her briefly reprise the role of Naina Devi.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: In her first film of the 2020s, Kapadia appeared alongside Irrfan Khan and Kareena Kapoor in the comedy-drama "Angrezi Medium" (2020), her fourth project under Homi Adajania's direction. A spiritual sequel to the 2017 film "Hindi Medium", it was theatrically released in India on 13 March amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected its commercial performance due to the closing of cinemas. Initial plans for a re-release were cancelled and the film was made available digitally less than a month later. Kapadia played a strict store owner estranged from her daughter (Kapoor), a role Vinayak Chakravorty of "Outlook" thought was "used to highlight loneliness among the aged" but believed could have been stronger.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia next played arms dealer Priya Singh in Christopher Nolan's spy thriller "Tenet". Her screen test for the role was shot in 2019 by Adajania before filming for "Angrezi Medium" began, followed by an audition for Nolan in Mumbai. Impressed with her charisma and poise, Nolan, believing she embodied his vision of the character, cast Kapadia in the part. The film opened amid the pandemic to a worldwide audience and, having grossed $364million worldwide, became the fifth-highest grossing film of 2020. Critics reacted positively to her performance; Richard Roeper of "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote Kapadia "quietly steals every scene she's in" and Guy Lodge of "Variety" said she had given the film's "wiliest performance". Having admitted to being a reluctant actor for years, Kapadia credited "Tenet" with restoring her passion for film acting.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Ali Abbas Zafar's 2021 Amazon Prime political web series "Tandav" starred Kapadia as Anuradha Kishore, a power-hungry politician who seeks to undermine the new political rival (Saif Ali Khan) of the Prime Minister of India, her longtime ally. The show, which was Kapadia's first appearance on a digital platform, opened to mixed reviews. "A Thursday" (2022), Behzad Khambata's vigilante-hostage thriller starring Yami Gautam, features Kapadia in the fictional part of Prime Minister of India Maya Rajguru. , Kapadia's future projects include Ayan Mukerji's action fantasy "Brahmāstra" and Dinesh Vijan's untitled comedy. Among other projects, she will appear in "Pathan" led by Shah Rukh Khan and star opposite Pankaj Kapur in Saurabh Shukla's "Jab Khuli Kitaab", a romantic comedy about an older couple who seek divorce after 50 years of marriage.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: When Kapadia returned to films after her separation from Khanna, she faced constant comparison to her "Bobby" days and struggled to be taken seriously as an actor. According to Jyotika Virdi, the author of the book "The Cinematic Imagination", while Kapadia's trajectory is different from those of other female Hindi film stars, she turned her disadvantages to her advantage. Virdi said Kapadia's forthright manner made a major contribution to her career: "Speaking candidly to the press, she and the reporters plotted her life's narrative from the innocent teenager snared into an impossible marriage to the emergence of a mature 'woman with experience.'" Kapadia is known for her assertive and moody nature; during the making of "Janbaaz" (1986), the director Feroz Khan said he had never met a woman with her levels of "pent-up aggression". The journalist Bhawana Somaaya, who conducted a series of interviews with Kapadia during the 1980s, stated: "She's a strange bundle of contradictions. Her moods change in a jiffy." According to some critics, this approach has sometimes been at the cost of professional opportunities as "her unpredictable nature and moods have distanced many well wishers". In reply to this, she said: "I am moody by nature. But I have never consciously hurt anyone."


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Virdi wrote Kapadia fought her way to success by committing to serious and challenging work and described her parts in "Aitbaar" (1985), "Kaash" (1987) and "Drishti" (1990) as characters with which she "drew from the well of her own experience". With "Zakhmi Aurat" (1988), Kapadia became one of the mainstream actresses associated with a new wave of women-centred revenge films. As an action heroine, she chose to perform her own stunts, which the critic M. Rahman thought made her performance more convincing. Although she enjoyed working in similar projects, such as "Mera Shikar" (1988) and "Kali Ganga" (1990), she bemoaned about being paid less than male action stars. The author Dinesh Raheja believed Kapadia's involvement in art films in the 1990s happened at a time when she was no longer willing to play the "pretty prop in hero-oriented films", arguing her new choices "honed Dimple's talent for lending fine striations to complex emotions". Mahesh Bhatt commended her for not turning into "a victim of her own success" by refusing to appear in films of strictly commercial value. According to Govind Nihalani, the director of "Drishti" (1990), Kapadia has a genuine interest in serious work that would challenge her talent and realise her potential. Similar sentiments were shared by Shashi Kapoor, who said Kapadia had always been eager to act in quality films. Kapadia said her involvement in independent films was a conscious decision to experiment in different cinema and prove her abilities.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: When questioned about her hiatus after "Rudaali" at her career peak, Kapadia said she needed space and that generally her "career has always been secondary" to her. Her infrequent work since then, which manifested in numerous gaps between her screen appearances, has gained her a reputation for being selective about her work. Admitting her limited professional drive, she attributed it to the lack of worthy offers and the "huge effort" expended in film acting, which consumes time otherwise spent on her family and private life. Even so, Kapadia's later work was noted by film scholars, including Shoma Chatterji and Afreen Khan, who listed her among the female actors who represent a changing portrayal of mothers in Hindi films, with roles of women who consider their happiness to be of equal importance to that of their children. Similar thoughts were expressed by "Mumbai Mirror"s Trisha Gupta, who was impressed with Kapadia's diverse repertoire of maternal roles, ranging from "Luck by Chance" (2009) and "Dabangg" (2010) to "Finding Fanny" (2014). Guided by her own judgement, Kapadia normally commits to a project without seeking advice and often willingly works with young or first-time directors, finding their enthusiasm and creativity beneficial to both the film and her performance.


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Kapadia's screen image has been characterised in terms of her perceived beauty and sex appeal. "The Times of India" wrote in reference to her role in "Saagar", "Dimple was a vision of lush beauty; quite the forbidden fruit, rising from the ocean like Aphrodite emerging from the waves and surf". Speaking of her post-comeback screen persona, the critic Khalid Mohamed observed, "Her arsenal comprised, among other elements, expressive cognac eyes, a nuanced, resonating voice skilled in Hindustani dialogue delivery, easy body language, and that seductive toss of her auburn hair." Mrinal Sen, who directed her in "Antareen" (1993), compared Kapadia to Sophia Loren and described her face as "a landscape of desolation". Anil Kapoor, her co-star of "Janbaaz", hailed Kapadia as the most beautiful Indian actress since Madhubala. According to Dinesh Raheja, Kapadia's casting in "Dil Chahta Hai" (2001) and "Leela" (2002), in which she played middle-aged women who are the object of younger men's desire, served as "a kind of tribute to her eternal beauty".


title: Dimple Kapadia

text: Critics have been appreciative of Kapadia's acting prowess and some have analysed it in relation to her appearance. Ranjan Das Gupta called her "an instinctive actress, spontaneous and intelligent" who is best at playing "intense characters", and said her beauty is "her asset as well as limitation". In 1988, Subhash K. Jha wrote that "besides her elastic and primeval looks", Kapadia "possesses an inbuilt instinct for grasping characters at a level way beyond the surface". While working with her on "Kaash" (1987), Mahesh Bhatt said Kapadia had been through so much in her private life she need not study method acting to play real women. Academic writers Madhu Kishwar and Ruth Vanita of the feminist magazine "Manushi" noted Kapadia for being unafraid to look less attractive for the benefit of convincingly expressing anguish and emotion. M.L. Dhawan from "The Tribune" commented, "All those who have been following Dimple Kapadia's career from "Bobby", "Lekin" and "Rudaali" will assert that she is more talented than glamorous". Kapadia has described herself as a "spontaneous actor who is guided by instinct" and on another occasion, "a competent actress yet to deliver her best".


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The "Zumwalt"-class destroyer is a class of three United States Navy guided-missile destroyers designed as multi-mission stealth ships with a focus on land attack. It is a multi-role class that was designed with a primary role of naval gunfire support and secondary roles of surface warfare and anti-aircraft warfare. The class design emerged from the DD-21 "land attack destroyer" program as "DD(X)" and was intended to take the role of battleships in meeting a congressional mandate for naval fire support. The ship is designed around its two Advanced Gun Systems (AGS), turrets with 920 round magazines, and unique Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP) ammunition. LRLAP procurement was canceled, rendering the guns unusable, so the Navy re-purposed the ships for surface warfare. Starting in 2023, the Navy will remove the AGS from the ships and replace them with hypersonic missiles.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: These ships are classed as destroyers, but they are much larger than any other active destroyers or cruisers in the U.S. Navy. The vessels' distinctive appearance results from the design requirement for a low radar cross-section (RCS). The "Zumwalt" class has a wave-piercing tumblehome hull form whose sides slope inward above the waterline, dramatically reducing RCS by returning much less energy than a conventional flare hull form. The appearance has been compared to that of the historic USS "Monitor" and her famous antagonist CSS "Virginia".


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The class has an integrated electric propulsion (IEP) system that can send electricity from its turbo-generators to the electric drive motors or weapons, the Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI), automated fire-fighting systems, and automated piping rupture isolation. The class is designed to require a smaller crew and to be less expensive to operate than comparable warships.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The lead ship is named for Admiral Elmo Zumwalt and carries the hull number DDG-1000. Originally, 32 ships were planned, with $9.6 billion research and development costs spread across the class. As costs overran estimates, the quantity was reduced to 24, then to 7, and finally to 3. This significantly increased the cost per ship to $4.24 billion ($7.5 billion including R&D costs), well exceeding the per-unit cost of a nuclear-powered ($2.688 billion). In July 2008, the Navy requested that Congress stop procuring "Zumwalt"s and revert to building more "Arleigh Burke" destroyers. This final cut in procurement led to a dramatic per-unit cost increase that eventually triggered a Nunn–McCurdy Amendment breach. In April 2016, the total program cost was $22.5 billion.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Many of the features were developed under the DD-21 program ("21st Century Destroyer"), which was originally designed around the Vertical Gun for Advanced Ships (VGAS). In 2001, Congress cut the DD-21 program by half as part of the SC21 program; to save it, the acquisition program was renamed DD(X) and heavily reworked.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Originally, the Navy had hoped to build 32 destroyers. That number was reduced to 24, then to 7, due to the high cost of new and experimental technologies. On 23 November 2005, the Defense Acquisition Board approved a plan for simultaneous construction of the first two ships at Northrop Grumman's Ingalls yard in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and General Dynamics' Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. However, at that date, funding had yet to be authorized by Congress.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In late December 2005, the House and Senate agreed to continue funding the program. The U.S. House of Representatives allotted the Navy only enough money to begin construction on one destroyer as a "technology demonstrator". The initial funding allocation was included in the National Defense Authorization Act of 2007. However, this was increased to two ships by the 2007 appropriations bill approved in September 2006, which allotted US$2.568 billion to the DDG-1000 program.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 31 July 2008, U.S. Navy acquisition officials told Congress that the service needed to purchase more s and no longer needed the next-generation DDG-1000 class; only the two approved destroyers would be built. The Navy said the world threat picture had changed in such a way that it made more sense to build at least eight more "Burke"s rather than DDG-1000s. The Navy concluded from fifteen classified intelligence reports that the DDG-1000s would be vulnerable to forms of missile attacks. Many Congressional subcommittee members questioned that the Navy completed such a sweeping re-evaluation of the world threat picture in just a few weeks, after spending some 13 years and $10 billion on the development of the surface ship program known as DD-21, then DD(X), and finally DDG-1000. Subsequently, Chief of Naval Operations Gary Roughead cited the need to provide area air defense and specific new threats such as ballistic missiles and the possession of anti-ship missiles by groups such as Hezbollah. The mooted structural problems have not been discussed in public. Navy Secretary Donald Winter said on 4 September, "Making certain that we have—I'll just say, a destroyer—in the '09 budget is more important than whether that's a DDG 1000 or a DDG 51".


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 19 August 2008, Secretary Winter said that a third "Zumwalt" would be built at Bath Iron Works, citing concerns about maintaining shipbuilding capacity. House Defense Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman John Murtha said on 23 September 2008 that he had agreed to partial funding of the third DDG-1000 in the 2009 Defense authorization bill.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: A 26 January 2009 memo from John Young, the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) top acquisition official, stated that the per ship price for the "Zumwalt"-class destroyers had reached $5.964 billion, 81 percent over the Navy's original estimate used in proposing the program, resulting in a breach of the Nunn–McCurdy Amendment, requiring the Navy to re-certify and re-justify the program to Congress or to cancel its production.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 6 April 2009, Defense Secretary Robert Gates announced that DoD's proposed 2010 budget would end the DDG-1000 program at a maximum of three ships. Also in April, the Pentagon awarded a fixed-price contract with General Dynamics to build the three destroyers, replacing a cost-plus-fee contract that had been awarded to Northrop Grumman. At that time, the first DDG-1000 destroyer was expected to cost $3.5 billion, the second approximately $2.5 billion, and the third even less.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: What had once been seen as the backbone of the Navy's future surface fleet with a planned production run of 32 has since been replaced by destroyer production reverting to the "Arleigh Burke" class after ordering three "Zumwalt"s. In April 2016, the U.S. Naval Institute stated that the total cost of the three "Zumwalt" ships is about $22.5 billion with research and development costs, which is an average of $7.5 billion per ship.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In late 2005, the program entered the detailed design and integration phase, for which Raytheon was the Mission Systems Integrator. Both Northrop Grumman Ship Systems and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works shared dual-lead for the hull, mechanical, and electrical detailed design. BAE Systems Inc. had the advanced gun system and the MK57 Vertical Launching System (VLS). Almost every major defense contractor (including Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine, and L-3 Communications) and subcontractors from nearly every state in the U.S. were involved to some extent in this project, which was the largest single line item in the Navy's budget. During the previous contract, the development and testing of 11 Engineering Development Models (EDMs) took place: Advanced Gun System, Autonomic Fire Suppression System, Dual Band Radar [X-band and L-band], Infrared, Integrated Deckhouse & Apertures, Integrated Power System, Integrated Undersea Warfare, Peripheral Vertical Launch System, Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI), Tumblehome Hull Form. The decision in September 2006 to fund two ships meant that one could be built by the Bath Iron Works in Maine and one by Northrop Grumman's Ingalls Shipbuilding in Mississippi.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Northrop Grumman was awarded a $90M contract modification for materials and production planning on 13 November 2007. On 14 February 2008, Bath Iron Works was awarded a contract for the construction of , and Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding was awarded a contract for the construction of at a cost of $1.4 billion each.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 11 February 2009, full-rate production officially began on the first "Zumwalt"-class destroyer. Construction on the second ship of the class, "Michael Monsoor", began in March 2010. The keel for the first "Zumwalt"-class destroyer was laid on 17 November 2011. This first vessel was launched from the shipyard at Bath, Maine, on 29 October 2013.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Navy planned for "Zumwalt" to reach initial operating capability (IOC) in 2016. The second ship, "Michael Monsoor", was commissioned in 2019, and the third ship, , was to have reached IOC in 2021.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In April 2006, the Navy announced plans to name the first ship of the class "Zumwalt" after former Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo R. "Bud" Zumwalt Jr. The vessel's hull number would be DDG-1000, which abandoned the guided-missile destroyer sequence used by the "Arleigh Burke" class destroyers (DDG-51–) and continued the previous "gun destroyer" sequence from the last of the , .


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: DDG-1001 would be named for Master-at-Arms 2nd Class Michael A. Monsoor, the second Navy SEAL to receive the Medal of Honor in the Global War on Terror, the Navy announced on 29 October 2008.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 16 April 2012, Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that DDG-1002 would be named for former naval officer and U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Navy chose to use an unusual two-part commissioning scheme for the ships. The initial commissioning was done prior to weapons systems integration, and the ships were placed in the status of "in commission, special" before sailing to San Diego for weapons installation and final acceptance. The first two ships used this approach, while the last one will use the more traditional approach with formal commissioning after final acceptance.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: As of January 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that four out of 12 of the critical technologies in the ship's design were fully mature. Six of the critical technologies were "approaching maturity", but five of those would not be fully mature until after installation.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: According to a Naval Sea Systems Command spokesman, despite being 40% larger than an "Arleigh Burke"-class destroyer, the radar cross-section (RCS) is more akin to that of a fishing boat. The tumblehome hull and composite deckhouse reduce radar return. Overall, the destroyer's angular build makes it "50 times harder to spot on radar than an ordinary destroyer."


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The acoustic signature is comparable to that of the s. Water sleeting along the sides and passive cool air induction in the mack reduces infrared signature.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The composite deckhouse encloses many of the sensors and electronics. In 2008, "Defense News" reported there had been problems sealing the composite construction panels of this area; Northrop Grumman denied this.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The U.S. Navy solicited bids for a lower-cost steel deckhouse as an option for DDG-1002, the last "Zumwalt" destroyer, in January 2013. On 2 August 2013, the U.S. Navy announced it was awarding a $212 million contract to General Dynamics Bath Iron Works to build a steel deckhouse for destroyer "Lyndon B. Johnson" (DDG-1002). The U.S. Naval Institute stated, "the original design of the ship would have had a much smaller RCS, but cost considerations prompted the Navy over the last several years to make the trades in increasing RCS to save money."


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: To improve detection in non-combat situations by other vessels, such as traversing busy shipping channels or operating in inclement weather, the Navy is testing adding onboard reflectors to improve the design's radar visibility.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The usefulness of the stealth features has been questioned. The class's role was to provide Naval Surface Fire Support, which requires the ship to be in typically crowded near-shore waters where such large and distinctive ships can be tracked visually, and any surface ship becomes non-stealthy when it begins firing guns or missiles.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The "Zumwalt"-class destroyer reintroduces the tumblehome hull form, a hull form not seen to this extent since the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. It was originally put forth in modern steel battleship designs by the French shipyard Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in La Seyne, Toulon. French naval architects believed that tumblehome, in which the beam of the vessel narrowed from the waterline to the upper deck, would create better freeboard, greater seaworthiness, and, as Russian battleships were to find, would be ideal for navigating through narrow constraints (e.g., canals). On the downside, the tumblehome battleships leaked – partly due to their riveted construction – and could be unstable, especially when turning at high speed. The tumblehome has been reintroduced in the 21st century to reduce the radar return of the hull. The inverted bow is designed to cut through waves rather than ride over them. The stability of this hull form in high sea states has caused debate among naval architects, with some charging that "with the waves coming at you from behind, when a ship pitches down, it can lose transverse stability as the stern comes out of the water—and basically roll over."


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Advanced Gun System is a 155 mm naval gun, two of which are installed in each ship. This system consists of an advanced 155 mm gun and its Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP). This projectile is a rocket with a warhead fired from the AGS gun; the warhead has an 11 kg / 24 lb bursting charge and has a circular error probable of 50 meters. This weapon system has a range of . The fully automated storage system has room for up to 750 rounds. The barrel is water-cooled to prevent overheating and allows a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute per gun. Using a Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact (MRSI) firing tactic, the combined firepower from a pair of turrets gives each "Zumwalt"-class destroyer initial strike firepower equivalent to 12 conventional M198 field guns. The "Zumwalt"s use ballast tanks to lower themselves into the water for a reduced profile in combat. In November 2016, the Navy moved to cancel procurement of the LRLAP, citing per-shell cost increases to $800,000–$1 million resulting from trimming of total ship numbers of the class. Since the AGS was tailor-made to use the LRLAP, it was unable to fulfill the naval gunfire support role it was designed for.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: "Lyndon B. Johnson", the last "Zumwalt", was being considered for the installation of a railgun in place of one of the 155 mm naval guns after the ship was built. This would be feasible because the installed Rolls-Royce turbine generators are capable of producing , enough for the electrically powered weapon. In 2021, U.S. Navy funding for railgun development ceased with no plans to continue the project.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In March 2021, the Navy solicited information from the industry on how to reconfigure the "Zumwalt"-class ships to host Long-Range Hypersonic Weapons (LRHW). Since they would be too large to fit in the VLS tubes, it has been suggested that the two AGS, having no use since the cancellation of their ammunition, could be replaced with three-pack advanced payload modules to fulfill a conventional prompt strike deterrence role. The Navy will request FY 2022 funding to replace the 155 mm AGS turrets with Advanced Payload Modules for the Conventional Prompt Strike (CPS) hypersonic missile. The conversion would be part of the DDG 1000 Dry-Docking Selected Restricted Availability (DSRA) beginning FY 2024. The LRHW is also slated for Block V "Virginia"-class attack submarines (SSN). The larger tubes for the VLS will be based upon the Virginia Payload Module (VPM) used in the "Virginia" SSNs. The first "Zumwalt"-class destroyer will be ready to test the CPS in 2025.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Mk 57 Peripheral Vertical Launch System (PVLS) is an attempt to avoid intrusion into the prized center space of the hull while reducing the risk of loss of the entire missile battery or the ship in a magazine explosion. The system consists of pods of VLS cells distributed around the ship's outer shell, with a thin steel outer shell and a thick inner shell. The design of the PVLS directs the force of any explosion outward rather than into the ship. Additionally, this design reduces the loss of missile capacity to only the affected pod.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Two spots are available on a large aviation deck with a hangar capable of housing two full-size SH-60 helicopters. Boats are handled within a stern-mounted boat hangar with a ramp. The boat hangar's stern location meets high sea state requirements for boat operations.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Originally, the primarily X band AN/SPY-3 active electronically scanned array radar was to be married with Lockheed Martin's AN/SPY-4 S-band volume search radar. Raytheon's X-band, active-array SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar (MFR) offers superior medium to high altitude performance over other radar bands, and its pencil beams give it an excellent ability to focus on targets. SPY-3 will be the primary radar used for missile engagements. A 2005 report by Congress' investigative arm, the Government Accountability Office (GAO), questioned that the technology leap for the Dual Band Radar would be too much.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 2 June 2010, Pentagon acquisition chief Ashton Carter announced that they would be removing the SPY-4 S-band Volume Search Radar from the DDG-1000's dual-band radar to reduce costs as part of the Nunn–McCurdy certification process. Due to the SPY-4 removal, the SPY-3 radar will have software modifications for volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited. The DDG-1000 is still expected to perform local area air defense. This system is thought to provide high detection and excellent anti-jamming capabilities, particularly when used in conjunction with the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC). It is, however, not reported if the CEC system will be installed on the "Zumwalt"-class destroyers upon commissioning, but it is scheduled for eventual incorporation in the ship type.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In that the "Zumwalt" class has no AN/SPG-62 fire-control radars, which are used for terminal guidance for Standard and Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) anti-aircraft engagements, the SPY-3 will generate Interrupted Continuous Wave Illumination (ICWI) rather than the Continuous Wave Illumination of the AN/SPG-62 fire-control radars. Significant software modifications are required to support the ICWI and transmit and receive link messages to the missiles. Standard Missile (SM)-2 IIIA and the ESSM slated for "Zumwalt" class require modified missile receivers, transmitters, encoders, decoders, and a redesigned digital signal processor to work with the ship's system. These modified missiles will not be able to be used on Aegis class ships.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The SPY-3 had to be reprogrammed to do the volume search that the SPY-4 was supposed to have performed. With the duties of volume and surface search and terminal illumination, there is concern that a large-scale missile attack could overwhelm a radar's resource management capacity. In such a case, the radar may be unable to manage incoming threats properly or guide offensive missiles.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Dual Band Radar in its entirety (SPY-3 & SPY-4) is to be installed only on the . With the development of the AN/SPY-6 Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR), it seems unlikely the DBR will be installed on any other platforms, as it is on the DDG-1000 class, or in total, as it is on "Gerald R. Ford". The Enterprise Air Surveillance Radar (EASR) is a new design surveillance radar that is to be installed in the second "Gerald R. Ford"-class aircraft carrier, , instead of the Dual Band radar. The s starting with LHA-8 and the planned s will also have this radar.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The AN/SPY-6 AMDR was originally proposed to be installed in the hull of DDG-1000 type under the CG(X) program. However, the CG(X) program was canceled due to cost growth. The AMDR has continued in fully funded development for installation on the "Arleigh Burke" class destroyer Flight III ships, with plans to be also installed on Flight IIA ships. However, a smaller than optimally planned aperture of , the AMDR for the Flight III ships is to be less sensitive than the variant that had been planned for CG(X).


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: A study to place the AN/SPY-6 on a DDG-1000 hull was done with the aperture primarily for Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) purposes. In that the DDG-1000 does not have an Aegis Combat System, as does the DDG-51 class ships, but rather the Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI), the Radar/Hull Study stated:


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The ship's Common Display System is nicknamed "keds": Sailors operate keds via trackballs and specialized button panels, with touchscreens option to the interface. The technology array allows sailors to monitor multiple weapons systems or sensors, saving manpower, and allowing it to be steered from the ops center.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: A dual-band sonar controlled by a highly automated computer system will be used to detect mines and submarines. It is claimed that it is superior to the "Arleigh Burke class"s sonar in littoral ASW but less effective in blue water/deep sea areas.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Although "Zumwalt" ships have an integrated suite of undersea sensors and a multi-function towed array, they are not equipped with onboard torpedo tubes, so they rely on their helicopters or ASROC missiles to destroy submarines that the sonar picks up.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The "Zumwalts" use an Integrated Power System (IPS), a modern version of a turbo-electric drive system. The IPS is a dual system, with each half consisting of a gas turbine prime mover directly coupled to an electrical generator, providing power for an electric motor that drives a propeller shaft. The system is "integrated" because the turbo-generators provide electrical power for all ship systems, not just the drive motors. The system provides much more available electrical power than is available in other types of ships.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The DDX proposed using permanent-magnet motors (PMMs) within the hull, which was abandoned in favor of a more conventional induction motor. An alternate twin pod arrangement was rejected as the ramifications of pod drives would require too much development and validation cost to the vessel. The PMM was considered to be another technology leap and was the cause of some concern (along with the radar system) from Congress. As part of the design phase, Northrop Grumman had the world's largest permanent magnet motor designed and fabricated by DRS Technologies. This proposal was dropped when the PMM motor failed to demonstrate that it was ready to be installed in time.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: "Zumwalt" has Converteam's Advanced Induction Motors (AIM) rather than DRS Technologies' Permanent Magnet-Synchronous Motors (PMM).


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The exact choice of engine systems remains somewhat controversial at this point. The concept was originally for an integrated power system (IPS) based on in-hull permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMMs), with Advanced Induction Motors (AIM) as a possible backup solution. The design was shifted to the AIM system in February 2005 in order to meet scheduled milestones; PMM technical issues were subsequently fixed, but the program has moved on. The downside is that AIM technology has a heavier motor, requires more space, requires a "separate controller" to be developed to meet noise requirements, and produces one-third the amount of voltage. On the other hand, these very differences will force time and cost penalties from design and construction changes if the program wishes to "design AIM out" …


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The system reduces the ship's thermal and sound signature. As noted by the GAO, the IPS has added to weight growth in the "Zumwalt"-class destroyer.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Electric power is provided by two Rolls-Royce MT30 gas turbines (35.4 MW ea.) driving Curtiss-Wright electric generators.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The second ship of the class, "Michael Monsoor", will require a new gas turbine after she experienced problems during sea trials resulting in damaged turbine blades.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Automation reduces crew size on these ships: the "Zumwalt"-class destroyer's minimum complement is 130, less than half that of similar warships. Smaller crews reduce a significant component of operating costs. Ammunition, food, and other stores are all mounted in containers able to be struck below to magazine/storage areas by an automated cargo handling system.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Water spray or mist systems are proposed for deployment in the "Zumwalt"-class destroyer, but the electronic spaces remain problematic to the designers. Halon/nitrogen dump systems are preferred but do not work when space has been compromised by a hull breach. The GAO has noted this system as a potential problem yet to be addressed.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI) is based on General Electric Fanuc Embedded Systems' PPC7A and PPC7D single-board computers<ref name="TSCEI/GEFanuc"></ref> running LynuxWorks' LynxOS RTOS. These are contained in 16 shock, vibration, and electromagnetic protected Electronic Modular Enclosures. "Zumwalt" carries 16 pre-assembled IBM blade servers. The network allows seamless integration of all onboard systems, e.g., sensor fusion and easing operation and mission planning.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: An April 2018 GAO report said the total cost of the three Zumwalt destroyers, including research and development, was $24.5 billion — an average of about $8 billion per ship.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Lawmakers and others questioned whether the "Zumwalt" class costs too much and whether it provides the capabilities that the military needs. In 2005, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the acquisition cost of a DD(X) at $3.8 billion to $4 billion in 2007 dollars, $1.1 billion more than the Navy's estimate. The National Defense Authorization Act For the Fiscal Year 2007 (Report of the Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives on H.R. 5122 Together With Additional And Dissenting Views) stated:


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Mike Fredenburg analyzed the program for National Review after "Zumwalt" broke down in the Panama Canal in November 2016. He concluded that the ship's problems "are emblematic of a defense procurement system that is rapidly losing its ability to meet our national security needs." Fredenburg went on to detail problems relating to the skyrocketing costs, lack of accountability, unrealistic goals, a flawed concept of operations, the perils of designing a warship around stealth, and the failure of the Advanced Gun System. He concludes:


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In January 2005, John Young, Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, and Acquisition, was so confident of the DD(X)'s improved air defense over the "Arleigh Burke" class that between its new radar and ability to fire SM-1, SM-2, and SM-6, "I don't see as much urgency for [moving to] CG(X)" – a dedicated air defense cruiser.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 31 July 2008, Vice Admiral Barry McCullough (Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Resources and Capabilities) and Allison Stiller (Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Ship Programs) stated that "the DDG 1000 cannot perform area air defense; specifically, it cannot successfully employ the Standard Missile-2 (SM-2), SM-3 or SM-6 and is incapable of conducting Ballistic Missile Defense." Dan Smith, president of Raytheon's Integrated Defense Systems division, has countered that the radar and combat system are essentially the same as other SM-2-capable ships, "I can't answer the question as to why the Navy is now asserting … that "Zumwalt" is not equipped with an SM-2 capability". The lack of anti-ballistic missile capability may represent a lack of compatibility with SM-2/SM-3. The "Arleigh Burke"-class ships have BMD systems with their Lockheed-Martin AEGIS tracking and targeting software, unlike the DDG-1000's Raytheon TSCE-I targeting and tracking software, which does not, as it is not yet complete, so while the DDG-1000, with its TSCE-I combat system, does have the SM-2/SM-3 missile system installed, it does not yet have the BMD/IAMD upgrade planned for the derived CG(X). The Aegis system, on the other hand, was used in the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System. Since Aegis has been the Navy's chief combat system for the past 30 years, when the Navy started a BMD program, the combat system it was tested on was the Aegis combat system. So while the DDG-51 platform and the DDG-1000 platform are both SM-2/SM-3 capable, as a legacy of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System, only the DDG-51 with the Aegis combat system is BMD capable. However, the DDG-1000's TSCE-I combat system had both BMD and IAMD upgrades planned. Combined with recent intelligence that China is developing targetable anti-ship ballistic missiles based on the DF-21, this may be considered a fatal flaw.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: On 22 February 2009, James "Ace" Lyons, the former commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, stated that the DDG-1000's technology was essential to a future "boost phase anti-ballistic missile intercept capability."


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In 2010, the Congressional Research Service reported that the DDG-1000 could not currently be used for BMD because the BMD role was deferred to the DDG-1000 derived CG(X) program (the DDGs had the strike role, the CG had the BMD role, but they shared both the SM3 missile and the TSCE-I), the proposed radar of the CG(X) was much larger (22') and used much more energy and cooling capacity than the DDG-1000's. Since then, the radar system has been canceled with the CG(X), and it has been determined that a radar could be used either on DDG-51 or DDG-1000, though it would not have the performance the Navy predicts would be needed "to address the most challenging threats". Were the CG(X)'s BMD requirement adopted by the DDG-1000, the DDG-1000 would have to get the TSCE-I upgrade slated for the CG(X) to support that mission.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The study that showed a cost benefit to building Flight III "Arleigh Burke"-class destroyer with enhanced radars instead of adding BMD to the "Zumwalt"-class destroyers assumed very few changes from the Flight II to III "Burke"s. However, costs for the Flight III "Burke"s have increased rapidly "as the possible requirements and expectations continue to grow." While the Flight III design and costs have been studied by the Navy, there is very little reliable data available on the cost of modifying a DDG-1000–class ship to provide a BMD capability. However, if the Air Missile Defense Radar is adopted in common on both the Flight III "Burke"s and the "Zumwalt"s, and if they were both upgraded to the same combat system, then the only limitation of the "Zumwalt"s in this role would be their limited missile magazines.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: With the awarding of the development contract to the next generation Air and Missile Defense S-Band Radar to Raytheon, deliberation to put this radar on the "Zumwalt"-class destroyer is no longer being actively discussed.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: It is possible for the "Zumwalt"-class destroyers to get the more limited BMD hardware and software modifications that would allow them to use their existing SPY-3 radar and Cooperative Engagement Capability to utilize the SM-3 missile and have a BMD capability similar to the BMD-capable s and "Arleigh Burke"-class Flight IIa destroyers. Procurement of a BMD-specific version of the "Zumwalt"-class destroyer was also proposed.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: "Zumwalt" PLAS cells can launch the SM-2 Standard missile, but the ships have no requirement for ballistic missile defense. The tubes are long and wide enough to incorporate future interceptors, and although the ship was designed primarily for littoral dominance and land attack, Raytheon contended that they could become BMD-capable with few modifications.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The original DD-21 design would have accommodated between 117 and 128 VLS cells. However, the final DDG-1000 design provides only 80 cells. "Zumwalt" uses MK.57 Peripheral Vertical Launching System (PVLS) cells which are larger than the Mk.41 cells found on most American destroyers.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Each VLS cell can be quad packed with RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missiles (ESSM). This gives a maximum theoretical load of 320 ESSM missiles. The ESSM is considered a point defense weapon not generally used for fleet area defense.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The "Zumwalt"-class destroyer is not an Aegis system. It instead uses the class-unique Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI) integrated mission system. The Mk 57 PVLS is capable of accommodating all Standard missile types. It has not been publicly stated if the TSCE will be modified to support the Standard missile or the ballistic missile defense mission.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The design concept for the "Zumwalt" class developed from the "Land Attack Destroyer (DD 21)" development effort. A primary goal for DD 21 was to provide sea-based fire support for on-shore troops as part of the force mix that would replace the retiring s as mandated by Congress. There was considerable skepticism that the "Zumwalt" class could succeed in this role.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The "Zumwalt" class was intended to provide naval surface fire support (NSFS) using the AGS and additional land attack using Tomahawk missiles from its PVLS launchers. As deployed, the "Zumwalt" class cannot provide NSFS since there only 90 rounds of ammunition are available that are compatible with the AGS. The "Zumwalt" class were re-purposed as surface attack vessels and are no longer intended for use as land attack destroyers.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The stability of the DDG-1000 hull design in heavy seas has been a matter of controversy. In April 2007, naval architect Ken Brower said, "As a ship pitches and heaves at sea, if you have tumblehome instead of a flare, you have no righting energy to make the ship come back up. On the DDG 1000, with the waves coming at you from behind, when a ship pitches down, it can lose transverse stability as the stern comes out of the water – and basically, roll over." The Navy had decided not to use a tumblehome hull in the CG(X) cruiser before the program was canceled, which may suggest that there were concerns regarding "Zumwalt"s seakeeping abilities. However, the tumblehome hull proved seaworthy in a 1/4-scale test of the hull design named "Sea Jet".


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: The Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD) "Sea Jet", funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), is a 133-foot (40-meter) vessel located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, Acoustic Research Detachment in Bayview, Idaho. "Sea Jet" was operated on Lake Pend Oreille, where it was used to test and demonstrate various technologies. Among the first technologies tested was an underwater discharge waterjet from Rolls-Royce Naval Marine, Inc. called AWJ-21.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: While underway during the spring of 2019, USS "Zumwalt" sailed through a storm causing sea state six conditions off the coast of Alaska. The test indicated that the "Zumwalt" class possesses greater stability compared to typical hull forms. During an interview, Captain Andrew Carlson, the commanding officer of USS "Zumwalt" at the time, related, "All told I'd rather be on that ship than any other ship I've been on." According to Captain Carlson, during the storm, he summoned his executive officer from his cabin to inform him of the sea state six conditions. Based on the rolls he had been experiencing in his cabin, the executive officer thought that, at most, they were at sea state three, where wave height only reaches a maximum of . A combination of the "Zumwalt" class's hull form, rudder stop locations, and propeller size contribute to its improved seakeeping.


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: In 2005, a Critical Design Review (CDR) of the DDG-1000 led to the selection of the Mk 110 cannon to defend the destroyer against swarming attacks by small, fast boats; the Mk 110 has a rate of fire of 220 rpm and a range of . From then to 2010, various analysis efforts were conducted to assess potential cost-saving alternatives. Following a 2012 assessment using the latest gun and munition effectiveness information, it was concluded that the Mk 46 Gun System was more effective than the Mk 110 with increased capability, reduced weight, and significant cost avoidance. The Mk 46 has a rate of fire of 200 rpm and a range of .


title: Zumwalt-class destroyer

text: Naval experts have questioned the decision to replace the close-in swarm defense guns of the "Zumwalt"-class destroyers with ones of decreased size and range. The 57 mm can engage targets at two to three miles, while the 30 mm can only start to engage at around one mile. However, the DDG-1000 program manager said that the 57 mm round's lethality was "significantly over-modeled" and "not as effective as modeled" in live test-firing, and "nowhere near meeting the requirements"; he admitted that the results were not what he expected to see. When the Naval Weapons Laboratory re-evaluated the Mk 46, it met or exceeded requirements and performed equal to or better than the 57 mm in multiple areas, even coming just ahead of the naval cannon. A 30 mm gun mount also weighs less, around 2 tons compared to 12–14 tons for the 57 mm, but the Navy is adamant that weight had nothing to do with the decision.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Demetrious Johnson (born August 13, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist. He currently competes in ONE Championship, where he is the current ONE Flyweight Champion (135 lb). He is the inaugural and former UFC Flyweight Champion. Known for his quick striking and elusive movement, Johnson has also landed the most takedowns in UFC flyweight history and co-holds the record for the latest finish in UFC history with a submission win at 4:59 of the fifth round against Kyoji Horiguchi. He is the only UFC fighter to record over 10 takedowns in three different fights. Johnson also holds the record for most finishes in UFC flyweight history with 7. He is also the ONE Flyweight World Grand Prix Champion. Johnson is widely regarded as one of the greatest mixed martial arts fighters of all time.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: ESPN, MMA Weekly, and various UFC personnel have called Johnson one of the greatest mixed martial artists in the world today. Sherdog historically ranked Johnson as the #9-pound-for-pound fighter in mixed martial arts and as the No. 2 flyweight. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest mixed martial artists of all time with many, including UFC Commentator Joe Rogan, considering him the greatest mixed martial artist of all time. He holds the UFC record for most consecutive title defenses at 11.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Born in Kentucky, Johnson grew up in Parkland, Washington where he attended Washington High School and was a stand-out athlete in track, wrestling, and cross country. In wrestling, he placed 3rd and 2nd in the state in his junior and senior years. Although he only participated in track and cross country to improve his cardio for wrestling, he competed at the State Championships in both sports. Johnson did receive scholarship offers for wrestling but he did not want to leave his family behind. Ultimately, he did not take up any scholarship offers and instead attended Pierce College for two years while working on the side.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson began his career in mixed martial arts (MMA) in 2007 and won his professional debut via first-round knockout. Johnson then appeared on multiple local shows and won his next 8 fights, including five in a row by submission. Johnson fought at the Alaska Fighting Championships in Anchorage and won via head kick KO, which earned him a deal with the WEC.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: He made his World Extreme Cagefighting debut at bantamweight against Brad Pickett on April 24, 2010, at WEC 48 in Sacramento, California. Johnson showed good kickboxing throughout but was unable to defend the many takedowns executed by Pickett. Johnson lost via unanimous decision. Joe Rogan predicted during the fight that, should the WEC implement a flyweight division, Johnson would be highly effective, as he was a relatively small bantamweight.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson was expected to face Clint Godfrey on September 30, 2010, at WEC 51. However, Godfrey was forced off the card and replaced by WEC newcomer Nick Pace. Johnson defeated Pace via unanimous decision, handing Pace his first MMA loss.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson defeated Damacio Page via third-round submission on November 11, 2010, at WEC 52. After Page controlled the action in the first round, Johnson was able to dictate the action for most of the second and third rounds before submitting Page via guillotine choke. Johnson later said, "He was basically drowning, and I was the shark that came up and got him from underneath."


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: On October 28, 2010, World Extreme Cagefighting merged with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As part of the merger, all WEC fighters were transferred to the UFC. Johnson faced Japanese superstar Norifumi Yamamoto on February 5, 2011, at UFC 126 in his UFC debut, Johnson won via unanimous decision.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson was scheduled to face Renan Barão on May 28, 2011, at UFC 130. However, Johnson faced Miguel Torres after Torres's opponent, Brad Pickett, was forced off the card with an injury. Despite breaking his fibula early in the second round from a checked leg kick, Johnson used his superior wrestling to control Torres and won a 29–28 unanimous decision victory, even though he was swept into full mount a record-breaking 6 times during the fight.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson fought Dominick Cruz on October 1, 2011, at for the UFC bantamweight title, losing by unanimous decision. Johnson was briefly linked to a bout with Eddie Wineland on January 28, 2012, at the UFC's second event on Fox. However, Johnson was pulled from the bout to take part in a four-man flyweight tournament to determine the UFC's first UFC Flyweight Champion.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson faced Ian McCall on March 3, 2012, in the first round of the Flyweight Tournament at UFC on FX 2. This fight was the first flyweight bout in UFC history. The fight with McCall went all three rounds, was turned over to the judges' score cards and announced as a majority decision win for Johnson. Later, in the post-fight press conference, UFC president Dana White announced that the athletic commission the match and that officially the bout was scored a majority draw (28–28, 29–29, and 29–28 Johnson). A rematch with McCall took place on June 8, 2012, at . Johnson won the fight via unanimous decision to progress to the final round of the tournament.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson faced Joseph Benavidez in the finals of the UFC Flyweight Tournament on September 22, 2012, at UFC 152. Johnson defeated Benavidez via split decision (48–47, 47–48, and 49–46) to become the inaugural UFC Flyweight Champion.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson fought John Dodson on January 26, 2013, at . Johnson won the fight via unanimous decision (48–47, 49–46, and 48–47) in a bout that earned both participants "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson was expected to face John Moraga on April 13, 2013, at . However, Johnson was forced out of the bout with an injury, and Moraga was pulled from the event as well. The bout with Moraga eventually took place on July 27, 2013, at , where Johnson was looking to defend his title for a second time. Johnson won via an armbar submission late in the fifth round. The win also earned Johnson his first "Submission of the Night" bonus award.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: A rematch with Joseph Benavidez was expected for November 30, 2013, at . However, the bout was moved to December 14, 2013, at UFC on Fox 9 after that event's headliner was postponed due to injury. Johnson won the rematch in emphatic fashion via knockout in the first round, becoming the first person to stop Benavidez. The win also earned Johnson his first "Knockout of the Night" bonus award. Johnson faced Ali Bagautinov on June 14, 2014, at UFC 174. He successfully defended his title for a fourth time, winning by unanimous decision. Subsequent to his win, on July 10, the British Columbia Athletic Commission (BCAC) announced that Bagautinov tested positive for erythropoietin (EPO) prior to the title fight. In response, the BCAC suspended Bagautinov from mixed martial arts competition for one year.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: A bout with Chris Cariaso was expected on August 30, 2014, at UFC 177. However, the bout was shifted to September 27, 2014, at UFC 178 after that event's headliner was cancelled due to injury. Johnson won the fight via submission due to a kimura in the second round. This marked Johnson's fifth title defense and the first time that a kimura was used to end a fight in a UFC championship title bout. Johnson faced Kyoji Horiguchi at UFC 186, winning the one-sided fight via an armbar submission at 4:59 of the fifth round, resulting in the latest finish in UFC history. This win also secured Johnson a "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: A rematch with John Dodson took place on September 5, 2015, at UFC 191. In a largely one-sided affair, Johnson won the fight via unanimous decision. Johnson faced Olympic Gold Medalist Henry Cejudo on April 23, 2016, at UFC 197. He won the fight via TKO in the first round after dropping Cejudo with a variety of strikes. The win earned Johnson his second "Performance of the Night" bonus. Johnson next faced Tim Elliott on December 3, 2016, at . Despite being a heavy favorite, Johnson was taken down for the first time as a flyweight and nearly submitted with a d'arce choke in the first round. He went on to win the remaining rounds, and defended the Championship via a decisive unanimous decision.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson faced Wilson Reis on April 15, 2017, at UFC on Fox 24. He won by armbar submission in the third round and subsequently received a Performance of the Night bonus. With the win, Johnson tied Anderson Silva for most consecutive title defenses (ten) in UFC history. In July 2017, Johnson won an ESPY Award for Fighter of The Year.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson was briefly linked to an August 2017 fight with T.J. Dillashaw. He was scheduled to face Ray Borg on September 9, 2017, at UFC 215. In turn, the fight was canceled a day before the event, as Borg was forced to withdraw from the fight on Thursday evening due to illness. According to multiple sources, Borg has been battling an illness that week and was deemed unfit to fight by UFC doctors. The bout was quickly rescheduled and took place at UFC 216. Johnson won the fight via suplex-to-armbar in the fifth round. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award and set the 11th successful title defense record, surpassing former middleweight champion Anderson Silva's record of 10 in the UFC. Johnson's win was called the best submission of the year from publications such as Sherdog, MMA Mania.com, and The MAC Life.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson faced Cejudo in a rematch at UFC 227 on August 4, 2018 for the UFC Flyweight Championship title. After a record 11 consecutive successful title defenses, Johnson's championship reign came to an end via a split decision loss to Cejudo. This fight earned him the Fight of the Night award. 13 of 25 media outlets scored the bout in favor of Cejudo, while 12 scored it for Johnson.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: On October 27, 2018, Johnson was traded to ONE Championship for former ONE Welterweight Champion Ben Askren. Johnson was expected to make his promotional debut in the first quarter of 2019.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: On November 7, 2018, it was announced that Johnson would be one of eight participants in the ONE Flyweight World Grand Prix. On December 19, 2018, it was announced that Johnson will be facing Yuya Wakamatsu at ONE Championship: A New Era on March 31, 2019, in the promotion's inaugural event in Japan.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: In his ONE Championship debut, Johnson defeated Yuya Wakamatsu via a guillotine choke submission in the second round.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson's second ONE Championship fight took place at ONE Championship: Dawn of Heroes on August 2, 2019. He faced Tatsumitsu Wada in the semi-finals of the ONE Flyweight Grand Prix and won the fight by unanimous decision to advance to the finals.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson then faced Danny Kingad at in the finals of the ONE Championship Flyweight Grand-Prix on October 12, 2019. He defeated Kingad in a dominant unanimous decision victory and became the ONE Flyweight World Grand Prix Champion.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: After claiming the Grand Prix victory, Johnson was set to challenge ONE Flyweight Champion Adriano Moraes at Infinity 1. The fight was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson faced Moraes at ONE on TNT 1 on April 7, 2021. The event was held at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Kallang, Singapore and was broadcast on TNT during US prime time. He lost the bout via KO in round two by a knee and punches.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: On September 15, 2021, it was announced that Johnson would fight Rodtang Jitmuangnon, the reigning ONE Flyweight Muay Thai World Champion and considered by many to be the current best pound-for-pound Muay Thai fighter. The fight will be contested under special rules, with rounds 1 and 3 being fought under the ONE Muay Thai ruleset, and rounds 2 and 4 being fought under the ONE MMA ruleset. However, due to the pandemic shutdowns, the event was rescheduled for on March 26, 2022. Johnson won the bout via a rear-naked choke submission in the second round.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: On June 2, 2022, it was reported that Johnson would rematch Adriano Moraes for the ONE Flyweight Championship at ONE on Prime Video 1. Johnson would go on to defeat Moraes by knockout via a flying knee in the fourth round to capture the ONE Flyweight Championship. This win earned him the "Performance of the Night" award.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: UFC commentator Joe Rogan, UFC president Dana White, "ESPN.com", and other media outlets have called Johnson the greatest mixed martial artist in the world.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Known as one of the fastest fighters in MMA, Johnson's martial arts background is in wrestling, which he uses effectively to control where the fight takes place and land numerous takedowns in a single match when necessary. In addition to his wrestling base, Johnson is also recognized for quick striking and elusive movement. He is noted for his ability to land fast punches and kicks to the head or body, then quickly escape an opponent's reach. He is also known for his ability to counterstrike while standing within the pocket. During upperbody clinches, Johnson has also utilized the Muay Thai plum while mixing in a series of elbows and knees. To complement his traditional wrestling base Johnson is also schooled in Catch wrestling under his long-term coach Matt Hume, as evident by his Catch style direct suplex-to-armlock transition against Ray Borg, and his Double wrist lock submission (aka Kimura) of Chris Cariaso.


title: Demetrious Johnson

text: Johnson had a harsh childhood; he was raised by his deaf mother and an abusive stepfather. Johnson has never met his biological father, "I've never seen a picture of him, not a glimpse, nothing." The main thing that has helped him move on from his past is his wife, Destiny Johnson. He says "she is the best thing that has ever happened to me and without her, life would be incomplete." They were wed May 11, 2012, in Hawaii. They have two sons: Tyron born in 2013, and Maverick born April 15, 2015, and a daughter who was born in August 2018.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Lost in Space is an American science fiction streaming television series following the adventures of a family of space colonists whose ship veers off course. The series is a reboot of the 1965 series of the same name, inspired by the 1812 novel "The Swiss Family Robinson".


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Produced by Legendary Television, Synthesis Entertainment, Clickety-Clack Productions, and Applebox Entertainment, the show is written by Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless, with Zack Estrin serving as showrunner. Netflix released the series on April 13, 2018, renewing it the following month for a second season. The second season premiered on December 24, 2019. The third and final season was released on December 1, 2021.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: In 2046, two years after an impact event that threatens the survival of humanity, the Robinson family is selected for the 24th mission of the "Resolute" (24th Colonist Group), an interstellar spacecraft carrying selected families and civilians to colonize the Alpha Centauri planetary system.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Before they reach their destination, an alien robot breaches the "Resolute"s hull. Forced to evacuate the mothership in numerous short-range "Jupiter" spacecraft, scores of colonists, among them the Robinsons, crash on a nearby habitable planet. There they must contend with a strange environment and battle their own personal demons as they search for a way back to the "Resolute".


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: A large part of the show revolves around Will Robinson's connection to an alien robot and an alien engine capable of interstellar travel that a small group of humans had previously and secretly stolen from the robots. An army of other robots, much like Will's robot, try to take the engine back, stranding everyone in deep space. The army is led by a robot dubbed "SAR" (Second Alien Robot). The robots' creators are largely unknown, except for the fact that they are extinct.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: In October 2014, it was announced that Legendary Television and Synthesis Entertainment were developing a new reboot of "Lost in Space" and had hired screenwriting duo Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless to pen the pilot episodes. In November 2015, Netflix landed the project. On June 29, 2016, Netflix ordered a full 10-episode season of "Lost in Space", with Zack Estrin as executive producer and showrunner. Sazama, Sharpless, Kevin Burns, Jon Jashni, Neil Marshall, and Marc Helwig also serve as executive producers.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Production on the first season began in February 2017 in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded in July 2017. The second season began production in Iceland in September 2018, and concluded in January 2019. Filming for the third and final season began in British Columbia on September 9, 2020, and concluded on January 14, 2021.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: On March 31, 2018, the series pilot was screened at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C. The first season, consisting of 10 episodes, was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix. On June 4, 2019, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released DVDs and Blu-rays of the first season titled "Lost In Space: The Complete First Season". The second season, also consisting of 10 episodes, was released on December 24, 2019, on Netflix. The third and final season, consisting of eight episodes, was released on December 1, 2021.


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating based on 75 reviews, for the first season, with an average rating of 6.43/10. The website's critics consensus reads: ""Lost in Space"s production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a normalized score of 58 out of 100 based on 27 critics for the first season, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: David Griffin of IGN gave the first season a rating of 8.5/10, calling it "an excellent sci-fi adventure with a slight villain problem", giving particular praise to the Robinson family, while criticizing Parker Posey's Dr. Smith as an unsophisticated and one-dimensional character who lacks redeeming qualities. In contrast, Jen Chaney of "Vulture" characterized Posey's performance as providing "understated, sly comedic touches", and Beth Elderkin of "Gizmodo" agreed: "Her performance definitely includes the character’s trademark levity and humor."


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the second season has an approval rating of 85% based on 13 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The website's critics consensus states: "Gorgeous effects and a simple, solid, story help "Lost in Space"s second season find itself on stronger ground."


title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Dylan Roth of "Polygon" gave the third season a mostly positive review, calling it an "exciting, delightful, and self-contained space adventure that stands in contrast against the ever more complex universes of its contemporaries." Roth criticized the character of Dr. Smith however, and the overall writing of the show's antagonists. Renaldo Matadeen of "CBR" criticized the show's handling of Dr. Smith's narrative arc.