title: Gojira (band)

text: In late January 2009, Gojira began a headlining tour of France, the UK, and Ireland to promote the album. On 17 March, the band's first North American headlining tour was announced; their opening bands were The Chariot and Car Bomb. In June, Gojira followed Soulfly on the main stage at the Hellfest Summer Open Air and performed to more than 20,000 people. They appeared for the fourth time at Belgium's July Dour Festival and Les Eurockéennes de Belfort. "Terra Incognita" was re-released with bonus tracks on 24 August in Europe and on 15 October in North America. Gojira accompanied Metallica on their tour of the US and Canada from 14 September to 12 October, performing before Lamb of God. Lamb of God frontman Randy Blythe began to join Gojira on "Backbone" at concerts when the bands appeared together. The tour included headline dates on off days, supported by Burst and Zoroaster. As their popularity spread to America's metal scene, a Blabbermouth.net poster said that the band "has become one of metal's most acclaimed and admired acts". Gojira returned to France after the US tour for a few concerts and began a planned six-month hiatus; Joe Duplantier cited "just five days' break" since 2004.


title: Gojira (band)

text: The band's break ended earlier than expected after Gojira was announced as the opening act of Metallica's European and Russian tour in April 2010. In July of that year, they were included in the lineup of the rock-oriented Vieilles Charrues Festival in Brittany. Playing for an audience largely unaccustomed to metal music, Gojira's "delicate mission" was to close Saturday evening on the Glenmor stage. Described in an article in "Le Télégramme" as "more powerful" than Motörhead's concert in 2008 on the same stage, the show began with "Lizard Skin" to an estimated crowd of 40,000 to 50,000; twenty minutes later, between 4,000 and 5,000 people remained. According to "Le Télégramme", "The show had a rare sonic power ... so brutal that the band lost 90 percent of its attendance along the way". Undaunted, they continued to perform "as if their lives depended on it" with a drum solo of "breathtaking mastery". Since the Gojira show, metal has been slowly excluded from the Vieilles Charrues Festival. In August, they headlined the Rock Altitude Festival in Switzerland. The band continued to promote "The Way of All Flesh" into 2010, including the European Wacken Open Air, Bloodstock Open Air, and Brutal Assault festivals.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira had made substantial progress on their fifth album by March 2011, saying that they had written almost half of it; according to Joe Duplantier "These songs are original and a good reflection of what we are today". The band was relatively quiet during the year, focusing on new material and playing a handful of concerts in June and July, including at the Sonisphere Festival in Greece and France. The band became free agents during the summer of 2011, after their contract with Prosthetic Records expired. Admired by Monte Conner, Gojira was acquired by Roadrunner Records on 9 November 2011. With their new recording contract, the band entered Spin Studios in New York City in November to record their next album.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira's fifth album, "L'Enfant Sauvage", was co-produced by Josh Wilbur and Joe Duplantier. The band juxtaposed their death-metal roots with more ambient and sophisticated elements on the album to find "the ultimate sound" on which they had been working since their beginning. In 2012, K2 Agency founder John Jackson agreed to produce Gojira concerts abroad.


title: Gojira (band)

text: In March 2012, Devin Townsend and Meshuggah's Fredrik Thordendal joined Gojira for the collaboration track "Of Blood And Salt" (intended to appear on the unreleased Sea Shepherd EP) at the Soundwave Festival in Australia. With Volcom Entertainment, a limited-edition 7" single containing "Bleeding" and "End Of Time"—originally on Godzilla's 1997 "Possessed" demo—was released in 12" vinyl packaging in North America and Europe. Following an Australian tour with Mastodon and Kvelertak, Gojira began a national tour supporting the album. After many tours with Metallica, the band was invited to open a series of concerts on the European Black Album Tour (including the Stade de France, the country's largest stadium, on 12 May 2012). Gojira's performance was measured at 120 decibels in the backstage corridors, setting a stadium volume record. About Metallica's motive for taking Gojira on tour with them, James Hetfield told a reporter, "I discovered their music with "From Mars to Sirius", an album that I loved. Humanly speaking, I liked them a lot. They have their feet on the ground, are intelligent, sensitive. I have immense respect for them. And then Mario is an incredible drummer." Gojira performed at the European Sonisphere Festival during the summer. The band shared two French dates with Slayer headlining: 27 May in Toulouse and 29 May in Clermont-Ferrand. Mascot Records released a live DVD/Blu-ray, "The Flesh Alive", on 4 June in Europe.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira released "L'Enfant Sauvage" in June 2012 on Roadrunner Records for worldwide distribution. The album reached No. 34 on the "Billboard" 200, selling 11,000 copies in the US in its first week. "L'Enfant Sauvage" charted 104 places higher in its first week than "The Way of All Flesh" did. It peaked at No. 9 on the "Billboard" Tastemaker Albums chart, No. 13 on the US Top Rock Albums chart, and No. 6 on the "Billboard" Hard Rock Albums chart. The album reached the top 40 in six European countries. In Flanders and Wallonia it charted for 10 and 14 weeks, respectively. "Terrorizer"s Rob Sayce said that the album charted "without making a single concession to accessibility". Dom Lawson of "The Guardian" gave the album the maximum rating of five stars, and Stephen Hill of "Metal Hammer" called the album "the bridge between Gojira's past and future".


title: Gojira (band)

text: In June, Gojira participated in the Nova Rock Festival. "The Flesh Alive" DVD was released in the US on 31 July, and the band then began the long L'Enfant Sauvage World Tour. Gojira's setlist during the tour contained "Tron", a short interlude where Mario Duplantier and his brother swapped instruments. Gojira was scheduled to tour North America with Lamb of God and Dethklok, but the tour was postponed due to the incarceration of Randy Blythe in the Czech Republic; the tour was postponed until October. However, despite instabilities, the band continued to tour North America and was included at the Slipknot's Knotfest at Somerset Amphitheater with Cannibal Corpse, Deftones, and Serj Tankian. In August 2012, at the Heavy Montréal Festival, Labadie announced the European tour until the end of 2012 and a US and Canadian tour in 2013. By this time, Joe Duplantier had lived in New York for a year; his brother, Labadie, and Andreu remained in southwestern France. Labadie said, "We communicate differently, because of the time difference, and it is not really easy, but that is okay because he is truly happy to live in the States ... he is passionate about the United States; his mother is American". On 15 December, Gojira headlined the Indian Metal Festival in Bangalore; "the whole front row was crying", said Joe Duplantier. Their musicianship and live performances had earned them the nickname "Gojiramazing" by fans in 2012.


title: Gojira (band)

text: In January and February 2013, Gojira, the Devin Townsend Project and the Atlas Moth toured North America. In March, the band played a handful of UK concerts supporting Ghost on the Jägermeister Music Tour. In the middle of the month, Gojira headlined Norway's Trondheim Metal Fest. "L'Enfant Sauvage" was nominated for Album Of The Year at the "Revolver" Golden Gods Awards at Club Nokia in downtown Los Angeles on 2 May 2013. Gojira received the "Metal Hammer" Golden Gods Award for Best Live Band at The O2 on 17 June 2013 in London. The tour continued, and the band appeared at the Hellfest Summer Open Air, the Wacken Open Air, and the Bloodstock Open Air. Gojira made its first Israeli appearance on 15 August 2013 at Reading 3 in Tel Aviv, a "packed venue", according to "Terrorizer"s Avi Pitchon, whose security barriers were bent by the crowd. The band performed at Austin's November Fun Fun Fun Fest, followed by a North American tour with 4Arm and Slayer.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira released "Les Enfants Sauvages" in March 2014, a live-CD/DVD and picture book documenting the band's more than 150 concerts on three continents in support of "L'Enfant Sauvage". The DVD includes a March 2013 Jägermeister Music Tour concert at London's Brixton Academy which was recorded by 14 cameras. In an interview that month at Australia's Soundwave Festival, Mario Duplantier said that the band was working on a new album. Gojira supported Mastodon and Kvelertak on a string of North American dates in April and May. The band continued successfully touring in support of the album, further consolidating their discography and launching them "into a new realm of success", wrote Graham Hartmann of "Loudwire". The band played throughout the United States and Europe, including Rock on the Range, Resurrection Fest, Garorock Festival in Marmande (for the third time) and the Graspop Metal Meeting. Gojira continued on the festival circuit, headlining the Sylak Open Air Festival on 9 August 2014 in France and the Vagos Open Air Festival the following day in Lisbon. Mastodon, Gojira and Kvelertak reunited for another US tour in October and November 2014. Joe Duplantier began work on a recording studio in Ridgewood, Queens in November, and Mario moved to New York.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Joe and Mario Duplantier finished building Silver Cord Studio, Joe's New York recording studio, in early April 2015. It has become Gojira's recording studio and headquarters in America, joining Le Studio des Milans in Ondres. Audio files were created sporadically since late 2013 "on the computer in the tour bus", said Mario Duplantier; the new songs were a change in style for the band, as Joe experimented with clean vocals. The brothers began recording "Magma", Gojira's sixth album, at Silver Cord Studio on 6 April. Ten days into recording, however, recording was suspended when they learned that their mother was ill and flew back to France.


title: Gojira (band)

text: The band played a handful of dates in Europe for several festivals, ending "L'Enfant Sauvage"s tour cycle. On 5 July 2015, Patricia Rosa Duplantier died of cancer; Gojira concerts were cancelled, and the recording of "Magma" was greatly affected. The band again toured worldwide, commencing at Musilac Music Festival in Aix-les-Bains on 10 July, and was billed beneath Korn at the Rock Off Festival in Istanbul on 1 August. On 28 August, Mario Duplantier announced before Gojira's concert in Dublin that recording had resumed and was almost completed. The band played at Brazil's Rock in Rio festival, one of the world's largest music festivals, on 19 September and closed their set with "The Gift of Guilt". From mid-September to mid-October, their tour visited Canada, Mexico, Argentina, and the Santiago Gets Louder Festival in Chile. Gojira went to Japan as the supporting act for Slayer in Osaka and Tokyo in October 2015, followed by a performance at the Loud Park Festival at Saitama Super Arena before returning to Israel shortly afterwards.


title: Gojira (band)

text: "Rolling Stone" included the band's forthcoming release in their list of "25 Most Anticipated Metal Albums of 2016". In May 2016, Joe Duplantier announced the itinerary (in larger venues) in France, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Belgium and the UK for the tour supporting the upcoming album. In early June, a private concert for one hundred people was filmed in black and white by seven cameras at a television studio in Plaine Saint-Denis (near Paris). Director Paul Ouazan decided to film a performance video focused on the crowd: "I was immediately convinced that the band had a fifth member: its audience". The performance was broadcast on Arte later that month. The band was included in the live lineup of the 13 June "Metal Hammer" Golden Gods Awards at the Eventim Apollo in London. They made their first world television appearance as musical guests of the day on "Le Petit Journal" three days later, performing an excerpt from "Silvera" in prime time on Canal+ in France.


title: Gojira (band)

text: "Magma", Gojira's self-produced album, was released on 17 June 2016 on Roadrunner Records. The album was available for streaming on the band's official YouTube channel two days before its release. It debuted at No. 24 on the "Billboard" 200 chart, selling 17,000 units in its first week of release in the US. The album debuted and peaked at No. 4 on the "Billboard" Top Rock Albums chart and No. 6 on the Tastemaker Albums chart. It topped the "Billboard" Hard Rock Albums chart, making Gojira the first French band to top that chart. The album debuted (and peaked) at No. 17 on the "Billboard" Canadian Albums Chart, and debuted at No. 11 on Australia's Australian Albums Chart. "Magma" reached the top 40 in twelve European countries and the top 10 in Switzerland, Finland, Austria, Norway and France. The album had a generally-favorable critical reception, scoring a 79 on Metacritic. Gojira departed from its tech-death and tried to emphasize its progressive–post-genres side, which divided some fans. Remfry Dedman of "The Independent" called the band "pioneers of modern 21st-century progressive metal".


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira began its three-to-four-year Magma world tour in Europe and at a number of summer music festivals, followed by a 27-date headlining tour of North America with Tesseract as the opening act from mid-July through October 2016. By this time, Gojira had made seventeen US tours. The band began their UK and European arena tour in November and December with Alter Bridge, Volbeat and Like a Storm. A November 2016 "Metal Hammer" article said that Gojira had "emerged as one of the most important metal outfits on the planet", with a "loyal, passionate, fiercely evangelical fanbase". In mid-November, the band appeared on a live broadcast of the BBC Radio 1 Rock Show at London's Maida Vale Studios. Kirk Hammett later called "Magma" "an incredible piece of art".


title: Gojira (band)

text: In January 2017, Gojira began a French tour with nine consecutive sold-out concerts. Two more sold-out concerts concluded the French leg of the tour at the Paris Olympia on 1 and 2 April. Within eight months of its release, "Magma" had sold 400,000 copies worldwide. On 12 February 2017, the band was nominated for two Grammy Awards; "Magma" was nominated for Best Rock Album and its second single, "Silvera", was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. At that time, Gojira was labeled a "French-American metal band" by the "Los Angeles Times". On 6 May 2017, the band performed along with Opeth, Mastodon, Eagles of Death Metal, the Devin Townsend Project, and Russian Circles at Philadelphia's Electric Factory. "Magma" received the Best Album award at the "Metal Hammer" Golden Gods Awards on 12 June 2017. Gojira began a short run of US co-headlining dates with Opeth, and supported Metallica's US WorldWired Tour that summer with Avenged Sevenfold and Volbeat. They headlined the Main Stage 2 at Download Festival, before Linkin Park on the Main Stage 1, in Paris on 9 June and Spain on 22 June. On 15 July, Gojira had top billing at the Dynamo Metal Fest in Eindhoven. The band played a US headlining tour during the fall; Converge, Code Orange, Pallbearer, Oni, and Torche supported them on selected dates with festival appearances. In 2017, Mario Duplantier returned to France due to visa-related technical reasons and to see his family, saying that Gojira "is a bit in Ondres, a little bit in Brooklyn, a bit in Bassussarry ... Between the Landes, the United States, and the Basque Country".


title: Gojira (band)

text: In 2018, the band achieved headlining status at heavy metal festivals. Gojira played a string of festival dates throughout the summer, including the Tuska Open Air Metal Festival, Brutal Assault Open Air, and Bloodstock Open Air. In early August 2018, Gojira played to the largest crowd of their career at Pol'and'Rock Festival in Kostrzyn nad Odrą, Poland. More than 400,000 people attended the festival. Nick John, who managed Gojira, Mastodon and Slayer, died of cancer on 8 September; John had managed Gojira since 2012.


title: Gojira (band)

text: On 16 January 2019, Gojira released its Pol'and'Rock Festival 2018 set on YouTube. That summer, they supported Slipknot on their US Knotfest Roadshow tour; Behemoth and Volbeat were also supporting acts. Gojira headlined the first day of the Hellfest Summer Open Air, one of Europe's largest metal festivals, on 21 June. On 2 November, they supported Deftones during their Dia De Los Deftones Festival with Chvrches, Youth Code, JPEGMafia and Brutus at San Diego's Petco Park.


title: Gojira (band)

text: In May 2020, Gojira streamed "Live At Red Rocks" on YouTube, their 2017 concert at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado, to celebrate their thousandth performance. The band released "Another World", their first single in four years, on 5 August; it was their first "Billboard"-charting single. It peaked at No. 5 on the Hard Rock Digital Song Sales and No. 12 on the Hot Hard Rock Songs charts. Their performance at Hellfest 2019 was made available for streaming on YouTube in November 2020.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira announced their seventh studio album, "Fortitude", on 17 February 2021. Production had begun in early 2018 at Silver Cord Studio, and its original June 2020 release date had been postponed to September of that year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. "Fortitude" was called "one of 2021's most heavily anticipated metal releases". Gojira's 2021 single, "Amazonia", was released as part of a month-long fundraiser by the band for a Brazilian indigenous rights initiative. It peaked at No. 17 on the "Billboard" Hot Hard Rock Songs charts, and the band also placed the single "Born for One Thing" at No. 18.


title: Gojira (band)

text: "Fortitude", produced and recorded by Joe Duplantier at Silver Cord Studio and mixed by Andy Wallace, was released on 30 April 2021 on Roadrunner Records. Sonically, the album contained an array of genres, tempos, and socially conscious songs, as they continued venturing into new territory while maintaining the band's trademark sound. "Fortitude" topped the US iTunes all-genre sales chart and debuted at No. 12 on the "Billboard" 200. It topped the "Billboard" Top Rock Albums and Hard Rock Albums charts. The album topped the "Billboard" Top Album Sales and Top Current Albums Sales charts with 27,372 album-equivalent units; 24,104 were album sales, making it the bestselling album in its opening week in the United States. "Fortitude" exceeded "Magma" chart positions and sales. The album topped the UK Rock & Metal Albums chart. It reached No. 3 on the Australian Albums Chart and No. 8 on the German Albums Chart. Upon release, the album received critical praise reviews from music critics of "The Guardian", "Rolling Stone", "Kerrang!", "Metal Hammer", and "Revolver". In mid-May 2021, "New Found" peaked at No. 24 on the Hot Hard Rock Songs charts; Gojira was No. 12 on the "Billboard" Artist 100.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Their headlining US tour commenced on 24 September. On 1 November, Lamb of God's Randy Blythe made a guest appearance at Gojira's concert in his hometown of Richmond, Virginia, which marked the first time they had performed "Adoration for None" live together. Gojira announced a UK and European headline tour from mid-January to mid-March 2022, with performances at the Tauron Arena Kraków, Motorpoint Arena Nottingham, and Cardiff International Arena, among other locations. The band also announced a three-date French arena tour, including the Accor Arena. It marked Gojira's first-ever headline arena shows in Europe and the UK. However, the tour was postponed to July 2022 and February 2023 due to Covid-19-related restrictions. "Amazonia" received a nomination for Best Metal Performance at the 2022 Grammy Awards. Andreu left Gojira on the remaining eight dates of their 2022 North American tour with Deftones to be present with his newborn child. They recruited Aldrick Guadagnino from the French band Klone to replace him temporarily from 18 to 28 May. On 19 June, Gojira headlined the third day of Hellfest Summer Open Air, performing to a crowd of 60,000. The band then went on a 4-date South America tour, including performances at the Movistar Arena and the Luna Park arena.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira's sound blends several styles. Rooted in technical death metal, the band combines death metal, thrash metal, groove metal, progressive metal, and post-metal. They have also incorporated math metal and avant-garde metal into their music. "Magma" marked a significant change in Gojira's sound. Writer Remfry Dedman said that the album "reinvented the band's signature death metal sound, introducing an accessible thread without compromising their raw intensity". Thus, some songs showcased musical traits associated with post-punk, neo-psychedelia, and leaning towards post-rock.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira plays a technical, rhythmic style of heavy metal with polyrhythmic patterns, a fast double bass drum, blast beats, precision drumming, jazzy fills, and syncopated guitar riffs. Mario Duplantier's style on "From Mars to Sirius" and "The Way of All Flesh" was called a "paradise for drumophiles", and he has been considered Gojira's "anchor" since the group's inception. Their songs have "atypical" time signatures and uncommon song structures. The band is recognized to have a trademark sound characterized by a pick-scrape technique that occurred spontaneously for the first time while playing "Embrace the World" during their 2003 "The Link" tour. Subsequently, the Gojira pick-scrape has become "a calling card" of the band. Joe Duplantier's first electric guitar, a Gibson Flying V, was used for guitar solos on albums. Andreu and Joe Duplantier's guitar playing includes tapping solo techniques, and on Magma, they introduced a new sonority with the use of the whammy pedal. Gojira creates textures and ambiences throughout their albums. They also use palm-muted guitar riffs and pinch harmonics. Their albums have been punctuated by instrumental interludes, which also feature non-musical sounds mingled with the band's music. Vocal styles vary, from the screaming technique often used in extreme metal to death metal's death growl, pitch screaming and clean vocals. Screams and clean vocals are sometimes combined to create an aggressive, melodic effect. Joe Duplantier's vocals feature a post-punk singing style in some of Gojira's songs.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira was influenced by the early albums of Death, Metallica, Sepultura, Tool, and Morbid Angel, and have also cited Led Zeppelin and Rage Against the Machine's debut album as influences. Mario Duplantier called Death "an obligatory path; they are at the origin of death metal", and Andreu agreed: "It's our culture, we come from Death." One of Labadie's earliest influences was Metallica's "Ride the Lightning", the first metal album he listened to at age eleven. Joe Duplantier said that ""Ride the Lightning" saved my life when I faced difficult times in high school" and has also cited Machine Head's 1994 album, "Burn My Eyes", as an influence. He described Morbid Angel's 1993 album, "Covenant", as "beautiful, and it's full of magic and epic brutality" and praised their 1995 album "Domination". Other musical influences, to a lesser degree, include Slayer, Pantera, and Meshuggah. Gojira's music has been compared to that of Neurosis. In 2003, Joe Duplantier expressed admiration for Sade. By 2016, the band had admitted their interest in the music of the Beatles. Gojira also named Pink Floyd and Mike Oldfield as influences. On "Fortitude", they focused on the lingering influence that the "classic" rock bands of the 1970s and 1980s had on them. The British sound continued to inspire the band's writing, citing Radiohead and trip hop act Portishead. In 2021, Joe Duplantier said that traditional rock, blues, and Americana had been childhood influences "reawakened" by long conversations with Mastodon guitarist Brent Hinds: "The older the other guys and I get, the more we appreciate it".


title: Gojira (band)

text: In recollecting the band's early history, Joe Duplantier explained how they were "nourished by the rock energy of the Basque Country, fairly unique in France," but, by contrast, compared it to the broader context of their lifestyle, secluded in a forest with their American musical influences while being detached from the local scene. He said: "Thus, we created our own language, our own musical codes. The Gojira sound comes from there." Andreu and Joe and Mario Duplantier described classical music as a particular inspiration; Andreu said, "I listen to 70 percent classical music". About Gojira's songs, which rely on syncopation and "contretemps" (on- and off-beats), Mario Duplantier said: "Joe and I were introduced to classical very early on. There was a love and an understanding of this music in the family. There is a strong link between metal and classical music through [their] solemn side and attention paid to existential subjects: life and death. Pop [music] is more focused on romantic feelings." The Duplantier brothers said that their upbringing in a Landes house "lost in the forest, with no neighbors," was reflected in Gojira's music and lyrics. Their father, Dominique Duplantier, was a French architectural drafter and painter; their mother, Patricia, was an American with Azorean roots. Mario Duplantier described his mother as


title: Gojira (band)

text: ... a very free spirit, who has always encouraged our creativity. On the one hand, we had this extroverted mother who drew, sculpted, and made magnificent paintings out of driftwood; on the other hand [we had] a silent, 'workaholic' father who could spend whole days on gigantic drawings in Chinese ink with an almost-worrying rigor. These two aspects of our upbringing are found in Gojira, a mixture of discipline and something more extroverted, wacky, and chaotic.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira's lyrics address spirituality, life, death, rebirth, and nature. The band realized from the start that it could combine metal's "darkness" with Joe Duplantier's lyrics, which were inspired by the "mystery of nature", the environment, human nature and psychology. When Joe proposed a song entitled "Love", his fellow musicians were uncertain but the audience reaction was positive. Duplantier then wrote about his beliefs in reincarnation and the "existence of the soul". The band's lyrics revolve around the human condition and humanity's place in the world. Andreu said that to "speak and commit ourselves in the fields of ecology and spirituality is essential to the band."


title: Gojira (band)

text: "From Mars to Sirius" was a concept album about environmental issues, the death of Earth, and its "resurrection". Mario Duplantier said that the album's lyrics and title are "an allegory of [Joe's] desire to see humanity go from a destructive and masculine energy (symbolized by the warrior Mars) to an energy based on emotion and femininity". Gojira's lyrics have been described as philosophical "reflections on life". Mario Duplantier said about his brother's lyrics, "each album is a situational analysis of his life. I can see his convictions and his emotions of the moment by listening to our music again". "The Way of All Flesh" addressed the question of life after death. Joe Duplantier said, "That's the theme it's about death itself ... It's also about the immortality of the soul. That's the main subject for us." The title of "L'Enfant Sauvage" ("The Wild Child"), according to Joe Duplantier, could not be adequately conveyed in English: ""Sauvage" is something that is not educated or something that is like free and completely free in nature ... The idea with "L'Enfant Sauvage" is like with a human that would grow up in nature, raised by wolves, for example, without the influence from others and the influence from institutions or society in general." The album's title made an indirect reference to François Truffaut's film, "The Wild Child", but Mario Duplantier said that "it is first and foremost about poetry".


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira is well known for environmentalism, and have used their lyrics and music videos to highlight climate change, marine pollution, and deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. The song "Global Warming" explore human impacts on the environment, and "Toxic Garbage Island" refers to the Great Pacific garbage patch, a trash vortex in the Pacific Ocean. "Amazonia" has been characterized by Alec Chillingworth of "Metal Hammer" as a protest song–"amidst a discography littered with them". The band's members were raised in the southwest of France and French Basque Country (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Thus, the rugged coastline and its surrounding scenic countryside inspired Gojira's interest in nature and the sea. Mario Duplantier has said that seeing oil spills in the nearby ocean inspired the band's interest in environmentalism. Joe Duplantier believes that songs can make concrete changes in environmental practices. In articulating his environmentalist position, he also shared a sense of anger and frustration with the corrupt political systems and financial crime. "Paste" called the song "Into the Storm" a "revolutionary anthem".


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira was involved in action against injustices and social inequalities. For example, on 2 March 2004, a demonstration called "Avis de KO Social" (Social Knockout Notice) was organized by voluntary associations, labor unions, and NGOs to discuss, exchange views and protest at the Place de la Republique in central Paris against repressive policies undermining fundamental human rights and accentuating inequalities between the rich and the poor. Joe Duplantier advocated a moderate and constructive discourse, describing himself as "less refractory" than the other artists. A concert at the Zénith followed, and Gojira was the only metal band in the multi-genre lineup. All proceeds were donated to associations and organizations; Joe Duplantier cited specifically the Fight Against HIV/AIDS and Greenpeace.


title: Gojira (band)

text: The band has frequently supported environmental causes. Joe Duplantier has said if he was not a musician, he would be an environmental activist with Greenpeace or the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. The band cooperates with Sea Shepherd to raise money for the organization's work to protect marine life, especially dolphins, whales, and sharks. Sea Shepherd named a $4 million interceptor vessel the MV "Gojira" before they were forced to rename it the MV "Brigitte Bardot" by the Japanese owners of the Godzilla/Gojira name. Members of both organizations may have a merchandise and literature booth at Gojira concerts.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira participated in Le Cabaret Vert, a 2010 environmentally-friendly, multi-genre music festival in Charleville-Mézières, which aims to reduce its environmental impact. Joe Duplantier expressed the band's support for Sea Shepherd and its founder, Paul Watson, when he appeared onstage between two Gojira songs at the June 2012 Rock am Ring Festival in Germany. Gojira was invited to perform at the 2015 Emmaüs Lescar-Pau festival in France, organized by the international movement to fight poverty and homelessness. The theme of the festival was: "the climate, an emergency, a commitment."


title: Gojira (band)

text: In 2017 and 2018, Mario Duplantier collaborated with the Los Angeles art team SceneFour to create a collection of canvases entitled "Vers le Cosmos" ("Towards the Cosmos") from videos of him drumming with LED-lit drumsticks. Proceeds from the sale of one work were donated to The Ocean Cleanup, an organization which aims to rid the oceans of plastic waste.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira released "Amazonia", their second single from "Fortitude", on 26 March 2021. The song and its music video address the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest; the video depicts the 2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires, native Brazilians performing a ritual dance, and protests against the deforestation of the Amazon which have increased since Jair Bolsonaro became president in 2019. The band established a month-long fundraiser for the Brazilian indigenous rights charity Articulation of Indigenous People of Brazil (APIB), dedicated to those impacted by harassment, violence, forced labour, and loss of their native lands due to the deforestation of the Amazon region. The indigenously owned NGO APIB represents three hundred Brazilian indigenous groups. The campaign quadrupled its initial goal of $75,000 on 30 April 2021, raising more than $300,000 by selling autographed instruments and memorabilia from bands such as Metallica, Slash, Slayer, Tool, and Lamb of God. Items in the auction included one of Slash's signature top hats, a signed Gibson "Appetite" Les Paul, and an autographed Fender Precision Bass used by Labadie during the recording of "From Mars to Sirius". A guitar owned by Joe Dupantier was sold for $27,000.


title: Gojira (band)

text: The band's 2021 music video for "The Chant", filmed in West Bengal, was inspired by Tenzin Tsundue and depicts the refugee children of Tibet during its invasion by China in 1949 fleeing their country in the hope of preserving their culture. The music video was written and conceived by Joe Duplantier and directed by Russell Brownley. Discussing "The Chant", Joe Duplantier said that he felt a kinship with all indigenous traditions.


title: Gojira (band)

text: In 2021, Paris' "Rock & Folk" included Gojira in their global list of the "Top 10 Artists Committed to the Animal Cause".


title: Gojira (band)

text: The Duplantier brothers formed Empalot, an avant-garde metal–jazz fusion–funk rock band, in 1998 with Joe's friends from his high-school thrash metal band. Empalot had nine members, including two bass players, a guitarist, a saxophonist, an electronic keyboard player, a percussionist and a drummer. Considered by the band the antithesis of Gojira because of its musical style and festive side, Empalot emphasized burlesque and self-deprecating humor. Mario Duplantier said, "It's funny, it's crazy. We had a blast doing it. Above all, it's a bunch of guys who share the same convictions, the same sense of humor and common values". For Joe Duplantier, Empalot evoked happiness and laughter.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Empalot released "Brout", a 1999 demo album. The following year, they won the regional "tremplin Ultrasons" highlighting local bands. Empalot's first album, "Tous aux Cèpes", was released in 2002. The band went on a regional underground tour from 1999 to 2004. An Empalot concert would attract an audience of 1,000 in their hometown, and the band performed in disguise and under fictitious names. "Empalot en Concert", a live album, was released in 2004 before the band went on hiatus.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira composed the music for Xabi Molia's short film, "Avec vautours" ("With Vultures"), in early 2003. It was filmed in the mountains of the French Basque country.


title: Gojira (band)

text: In 2000, Alain Marty conceptualized the "Printemps des Cinéconcerts" (CineConcerts' Springtime), a series of film concerts in Bordeaux where regional artists of various musical genres and styles were invited to integrate their music with pre-selected films for two-week shows. In 2003, Gojira received a request from Marty to compose the instrumental music for "Maciste in Hell", a 1925 Italian black-and-white silent film directed by Guido Brignone, and to perform it at the Rock School Barbey, a former Bordeaux theater.


title: Gojira (band)

text: That year, the band performed their music in two sold-out performances in front of the film screened at the theater. Gojira's fifty-minute one-night show of avant-garde metal was recorded and released later in 2003 as an album entitled "Maciste All'Inferno". In a 2008 interview, Mario Duplantier expressed his hope to release a second version as a fully-fledged Gojira album.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Max and Igor Cavalera, the founding brothers of the Brazilian band Sepultura, wanted to recruit a bass player for Cavalera Conspiracy (their new band) in 2007. Labadie was chosen through Roadrunner Records, but could not accept the offer for family reasons. Joe Duplantier called Gloria Cavalera, and he was invited to play bass. He met Logan Mader, recording engineer on "The Way of All Flesh" in 2008, while recording with Cavalera Conspiracy in Los Angeles. Joe performed with the band on 31 August 2007 at the 11th annual D-Low Memorial Show at the Marquee Theatre in Tempe, Arizona, a concert for Dana "D-Low" Wells (Max Cavalera's stepson, who was killed in a 1996 car crash).


title: Gojira (band)

text: The album "Inflikted" was released in March 2008, and a tour followed several months later. Touring with Cavalera Conspiracy became problematic for Joe Duplantier, who preferred to concentrate on recording "The Way of All Flesh" and its promotion: "I put everything in Gojira, my whole life."


title: Gojira (band)

text: In early November 2010, Gojira entered a Los Angeles studio with producer Logan Mader to begin recording a four-song extended play whose proceeds would benefit the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, an anti-whaling organization. The EP would feature guest appearances from the international metal scene; sales were expected on the Gojira website "without going through traditional ways", said Joe Duplantier.


title: Gojira (band)

text: As a preview of the Sea Shepherd EP, Gojira released "Of Blood And Salt" in May 2011 and appeared on a "Metal Hammer" UK sampler album with guest vocalist Devin Townsend and a guest guitar solo by Meshuggah's Fredrik Thordendal. The other tracks featured Brent Hinds, Randy Blythe, Anders Fridén, and Max Cavalera. The EP was originally intended for release in August and September 2011; it was never released, however, because the hard drive which contained the recordings crashed.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira was ranked sixth on Paris magazine "L'Express" 2009 list of the top 10 best-selling French music artists in the US. In 2012, Gojira was top-ranked in the French metal category by the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in the US. By August 2016, the band was one of France's biggest rock exports to the US. French national newspaper "Le Monde" said in 2016 that Gojira was the country's first metal band to reach international status without support from the Institut Français, which promotes French culture abroad.


title: Gojira (band)

text: Gojira has influenced bands and musicians such as the Agonist, Alien Weaponry, Avatar, Betraying the Martyrs, Black Crown Initiate, the Contortionist, Erra, Fit for an Autopsy, Hypno5e, Jinjer, Tallah drummer Max Portnoy, Miss May I, Rolo Tomassi, and Thy Art Is Murder. While the band garnered international attention through the release of "From Mars to Sirius", vocalist Will Garner of the rock band Black Peaks said that Gojira changed his "perception of music". Vocalist and guitarist Josh Middleton of Sylosis said that his vocal approach was inspired by Gojira: "when "From Mars to Sirius" came out, this album was huge for most people who love heavy music ... There are a lot of very melodic screams on this album, it seems like there is always a height in [Joe Duplantier's] singing, and that influenced me enormously". Tesseract lead guitarist Acle Kahney said that touring with Gojira influenced the "darker tone" of his band's fourth studio album. Myles Kennedy explained his inspiration in composing Alter Bridge's song, "Native Son": "When I wrote that riff, I had certainly been listening to a lot of Gojira". Norwegian singer Aurora said that she was inspired by the band's lyrics, and "Gojira is my favorite band of all time". Jinjer's Tatiana Shmayluk and Aurora have said that they would like to collaborate with the band. Spiritbox and Trivium have incorporated the "Gojira-esque pick scrape technique" into their music, according to "Guitar World" and "Billboard". Niklas Karlsson of Orbit Culture said that their sound and music was "A mixture of Metallica and Gojira", whom he described as having a considerable influence on the band, saying, "Without either band, Orbit Culture simply would not exist." Born of Osiris guitarist Lee McKinney cited "The Way of All Flesh" as his inspiration and one of his five favorite progressive metal albums. He praised the album for its technical compositions and described the musical structure complexity of "The Art of Dying" as "Absolutely astonishing."


title: Gojira (band)

text: Writing for "Metal Hammer", Luke Morton noticed how Gojira gradually rose to prominence over the decades at a constant pace. After their headlining show at Bloodstock Open Air in 2018, he credited the band as having "cemented themselves as one of the best metal bands in the world". In 2019, Kennedy called Gojira "the most important metal band out there right now"; he also said, "They're very important to the evolution of where things are going with hard rock and metal". In December 2019, "Stranded" was ranked No. 8 on "Guitar World"s list of the decade's 20 best guitar riffs. In January 2020, "Alternative Press" included "Toxic Garbage Island" in the list of the "Top 50 metal songs from the past 20 years" and deemed it "one of the best metal songs of all time". "Kerrang!" listed Joe Duplantier's tapping in "Silvera" among "The 20 Best Guitar Solos Of The 2010s". In 2020, "Stereogum" called Gojira "one of this century's most important underground metal institutions": "The band figured out a way to weld the grimy, mathy complications of technical death metal to the grand, mathy complications of , and they quickly became the kind of band that other bands mythologize." In April 2021, they were called "the band of the decade" by "Metal Hammer". In June 2021, Brad Angle of "Guitar World" called Gojira "titans of groove metal: progressive, heavy-hitting riff giants", adding that they continue "in the lineage of Metallica, Sepultura, Pantera, Lamb of God and others". "The Guardian" ranked "Amazonia" at No. 8 on its list of "The greatest songs about the climate crisis". "L'Enfant Sauvage" was listed in "Revolver"s "15 Greatest Title Tracks in Metal History".


title: Gojira (band)

text: Three Jurassic-era brittle star fossils, "Ophiogojira labadiei", "Ophiogojira andreui", and "Ophioduplantiera noctiluca", were named after band members by scientists Ben Thuy and Lea Numberger from the National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg, and Tania Pineda-Enríquez from the Florida Museum of Natural History. They wrote that their genus was named in honour of Gojira "for producing songs of an unfathomable intensity, beautifully dark and heavy, and exploring the abyss of life and death, of human strength and error, and of thriving and yet threatened oceans."


title: Gojira (band)

text: The "GAFFA" Awards (Danish: "GAFFA"-Prisen) is an annual Danish awards ceremony delivered since 1991 for Danish and international music.


title: Gojira (band)

text: The Heavy Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony in partnership with Amazon Music and Ticketmaster.


title: Gojira (band)

text: The MusicRadar Awards is an annual awards ceremony in association with "Rhythm" magazine to celebrate drummers.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: Aimee Mullins is an American athlete, actress, and public speaker. She was born with a medical condition that resulted in the amputation of both of her legs beneath the knee. She is the first amputee to compete against able-bodied athletes in National Collegiate Athletic Association events, and competed in the Paralympics in 1996 in Atlanta. In 1999, she began modeling, and, in 2002, she began an acting career. She has periodically spoken at conferences, including TED Talks.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: Mullins was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania to an Irish father Bernard Mullins from Crusheen, County Clare, Ireland and mother Bernadette Mullins. She was born with fibular hemimelia (missing fibula bones). As a result, both her legs were amputated below the knee when she was one year old. Her parents were told she would likely use a wheelchair for the rest of her life and never walk, but by the age of two she had learned to walk with prosthetic legs. She took up sports and acting at an early age.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: She attended Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service on a full scholarship, where she competed against able-bodied athletes in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I track and field events. She is the first female amputee in history to compete in the NCAA and the first amputee in history (male or female) to compete in NCAA Division I track and field.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: Mullins competed in the Paralympics in 1996 in Atlanta, running the T42-46 class 100-meter sprint in 17.01 seconds and jumped 3.14 meters in the F42-46 class long jump. She retired from competitive track and field in 1998.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: She was elected to represent American female athletes from 2007 to 2009 as Women's Sports Foundation president; the organization was founded by sports pioneer Billie Jean King. She remains a member of both its board of trustees and its athlete advisory panel for the Women Sports Foundation. "Sports Illustrated" magazine named her one of the "Coolest Girls in Sports". Mullins was included as one of the "Greatest Women of the 20th Century" in the Women's Museum in Dallas prior to the museum's closure.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: Along with Teresa Edwards, Mullins was appointed "Chef de Mission" for the United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: In 2012, she was appointed by then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to the State Department's Council to Empower Women and Girls Through Sports.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: In 1999, she modelled for British fashion designer Alexander McQueen, opening his London show on a pair of hand-carved wooden prosthetic legs made from solid ash, with integral boots. She is able to change her height between 5 ft 8in and 6 ft 1in by changing her legs. She was on billboards in the U.S. as part of the "25 Years of Non-Uniform Thinking" campaign by Kenneth Cole in 2009. She was a face of L'Oréal Paris and was appointed a global L'Oréal ambassador in 2011.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: In 2002, she starred in Matthew Barney's art film "Cremaster 3" as six different characters, including a cheetah woman. Her other film and television credits include roles in "World Trade Center", "Poirot" (S9:E1 "Five Little Pigs"), "Naked in a Fishbowl", "Quid Pro Quo", and "Marvelous". In the "River of Fundament", she continued collaboration with Matthew Barney, starring as Isis in performances both live and filmed since 2007 and released in early 2014. She has performed roles in "Young Ones", "The Being Experience", "Rob the Mob", and the debut feature "Appropriate Behavior". She acted in "Crossbones", an NBC television show, and in the Netflix series "Stranger Things".


title: Aimee Mullins

text: She appeared on "The Colbert Report" on April 15, 2010, and declared having 12 pairs of prosthetic legs, including some "in museums".


title: Aimee Mullins

text: Mullins appears periodically as a speaker on topics related to body, identity, design, and innovation. Her TED conference talks have been translated into 42 languages. She is credited as being one of the speakers that inspired Chris Anderson to purchase the TED conference from Richard Saul Wurman. She was named a TED "All-Star" in 2014.


title: Aimee Mullins

text: On May 4, 2018, she received an honorary degree and gave the commencement address at Northeastern University in Boston, MA.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Alexis Mac Allister (born 24 December 1998) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for English club Brighton & Hove Albion and the Argentina national team. Mac Allister started his senior career with Argentinos Juniors before joining Brighton & Hove Albion in 2019.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Mac Allister, like his two brothers, started his career with Club Social y Deportivo Parque before joining Argentinos Juniors' youth setup. He made his professional debut on 30 October 2016, coming on as a second-half substitute for Iván Colman in a 0–0 Primera B Nacional home draw against Central Córdoba.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Mac Allister scored his first professional goal on 10 March 2017, netting in a 2–1 away loss against Instituto. He contributed with three goals in 23 appearances during his first senior campaign, as his side achieved promotion to Primera División as champions. He made his debut in the latter category on 9 September, starting in a 2–1 loss at Patronato.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: On 25 November 2017, Mac Allister and his two brothers played all together for the first time, in a 1–0 loss at San Lorenzo; Alexis and Francis were starters, while Kevin came in as a substitute. He scored his first goal in the top tier on 5 March 2018, netting the opener in a 2–0 home defeat of Boca Juniors.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: On 24 January 2019, Mac Allister signed for English Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion on a four-and-a-half-year contract.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: As part of the Brighton deal, Mac Allister was loaned back to Argentinos Juniors for the remainder of the 2018–19 Premier League season.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: In June 2019, Boca Juniors completed the loan signing of Mac Allister; linking him up with brother Kevin, who had joined the club on loan six months prior. Mac Allister netted on his Boca debut, scoring the club's only goal in the first leg of a Copa Libertadores round of sixteen victory over Athletico Paranaense on 25 July. On 5 August, Mac Allister played his first league game for Boca as he came on as a substitute in a 2–0 away victory against Patronato.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: He made his debut for the club as an 80th-minute substitute in a 0–0 draw away to Wolverhampton Wanderers on 7 March 2020. This match proved to be Brighton's last until the Premier League restart in June due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Mac Allister played his first home game for Brighton where he came on as a substitute in a 2–1 victory over Arsenal on 20 June. He made his first start for Brighton three days later, in a 0–0 draw away against Leicester City, playing 58 minutes before being substituted.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Mac Allister scored his first Brighton goal on 17 September 2020, netting in a header in a 4–0 home victory over Portsmouth in the EFL Cup. He scored again six days later, this goal also coming in the EFL Cup where Brighton claimed a 2–0 away victory over Preston. On 18 October, Mac Allister scored his first Premier League goal scoring a 90th minute leveller in a 1–1 away draw against bitter rivals Crystal Palace.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Mac Allister scored the winner and his second ever Premier League goal as Brighton fought back from a goal behind to beat Burnley 2–1 at Turf Moor on 14 August in the opening game of the 2021–22 season. He supplied assists to both of Aaron Connolly's goals on 22 September, in the 2–0 home victory over Swansea City in the EFL Cup third round. He later went off injured. Mac Allister scored his second goal of the season on 23 October, scoring an 81st-minute penalty in a 4–1 home defeat at Falmer Stadium. He scored his first brace in a 3–2 away win over Everton on 2 January 2022, putting Brighton 1–0 up in the 3rd minute, and putting them 3–1 up in the 71st with an excellent finish from the edge of the box. Mac Allister provided Adam Webster's headed equaliser from a corner in the 1–1 home draw against European champions Chelsea on 18 January.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: In the opening game of the season against Manchester United, Mac Allister scored an own goal in a 2–1 victory that saw Brighton claim their first ever win at Old Trafford. Two weeks later, he found the right net, scoring from the penalty spot in the 2–0 away win over West Ham, and scored another penalty in a 2–1 defeat at Fulham. Mac Allister scored a brace including a third penalty in four games after having a goal ruled out by VAR in the 5–2 home win over Leicester.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: On 24 October, Mac Allister signed a new contract, committing him to Brighton until at least June 2025, with an option for an additional year. He scored after 49 seconds in the home tie against Aston Villa on 13 November, however "Villa" went on to win the match 2–1.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Soon after debuting for Argentinos, Mac Allister received a call-up from Claudio Úbeda for the Argentina under-20s. He was selected for the senior team for the first time in August 2019, ahead of friendlies in the United States in September versus Chile and Mexico. His international bow arrived in the match with Chile at the Los Angeles Coliseum on 5 September.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: On 1 July 2021, Mac Allister was named in the Argentinean Olympic squad for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, taking place in 2021 due to the previous year's postponement as a result of coronavirus. He played in Argentina's opening game against Australia starting the match, playing 78 minutes of the eventual 2–0 defeat at the Sapporo Dome in Sapporo on 22 July. He started the next two group games, a 1–0 victory over Egypt on 25 July again being played in the Sapporo Dome and a 1–1 draw with Spain on 28 July at the Saitman Stadium in Midori-ku, Saitama. Argentina were eliminated finishing third in their group on goal difference.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Mac Allister was recalled to the Argentina national team's senior squad in January 2022, after two-and-a-half years since his first two caps. However, he tested positive for Covid-19 and missed Argentina's 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifier away win over Chile. He eventually made his first appearance for the national side for almost three years where he started in the 3–0 home win over Venezuela on 25 March. Five days later, in the draw with Ecuador he was forced off with after being a victim of a knee-high challenge and due to the subsequent injury he was sent back to Brighton ahead of their next fixture. On 1 June, Mac Allister was an unused substitute as Argentina beat Italy in the 2022 Finalissima held at Wembley Stadium.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: On 11 November, Mac Allister was named in Argentina's 26-man squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In the last group game against Poland on 30 November, he scored his first international goal opening the score line in the eventual 2–0 win, seeing Argentina through to the round of 16 as group champions.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: In the final of the tournament against France, Mac Allister assisted Ángel Di María's goal to make the score 2-0. In the second half of extra time, Mac Allister was substituted before Argentina won the competition following a penalty shootout.


title: Alexis Mac Allister

text: Mac Allister's older brothers Francis and Kevin are also professional footballers. They are the sons of "Red" Carlos Mac Allister and nephews of Patricio Mac Allister, both retired footballers. Mac Allister is a family name originating from Scotland, although Mac Allister's more recent ancestry is of Irish descent. In a previous interview, he confirmed some of his ancestors arrived in Argentina from Ireland, and stated that he is aware of links to Scotland. His ancestors can be linked to Donabate, Ireland. He can also trace ancestry to Fife in Eastern Scotland, before they moved to Ireland in the 1800s, then onto Argentina.


title: Jumping the shark

text: The idiom "jumping the shark" was coined in 1985 by Jon Hein in response to a 1977 episode from the fifth season of the American sitcom "Happy Days", in which Fonzie (Henry Winkler) jumps over a shark while on water-skis. The phrase is pejorative and is used to argue that a creative work or outlet appears to be making a stunt in a seemingly exhaustive attempt to generate elevated attention or publicity to something that was once perceived as popular, but is no longer.


title: Jumping the shark

text: Jon Hein and his University of Michigan roommate Sean Connolly coined the phrase in 1985 in response to season 5, episode 3, "Hollywood: Part 3" of the sitcom "Happy Days", which aired on September 20, 1977. In the episode, the central characters visit Los Angeles, where a water-skiing Fonzie (Henry Winkler) answers a challenge to his bravery by wearing swim trunks and his trademark leather jacket, and jumping over a confined shark. The stunt was created as a way to showcase Winkler's real-life waterskiing skills.


title: Jumping the shark

text: In 1997, Hein created a website, JumpTheShark.com, to publish a list of approximately 200 television shows, and his arguments as to the moments each "jumped the shark". The site became popular, and grew with additional user-contributed examples. Hein sold his company, Jump The Shark, Inc., for "over $1 million" in 2006.


title: Jumping the shark

text: In 2006, during his contribution to "", Ron Howard (Richie) talked about the "Happy Days" episode that inspired the phrase:"I remember Donny Most and I sitting there, looking at the script. Donny was really upset. He said, 'Oh man look at what our show has kind of devolved into. It's not even very funny, and you know Fonz is jumping over a shark'... and I kept saying 'Hey Donny we're a hit show, relax. You know it's hard to have great episodes one after another. Fonzie jumping over a shark it's gonna be funny, and great... I remember thinking that creatively this was not our greatest episode, but I thought it was a pretty good stunt, and I understood why they wanted to do it. And what I remember the most is, it was fun actually driving the speedboat which I did a bit of, noticing that Henry was really a pretty good water skier... But the thing that has to be remembered about the jumping the shark idea, is that the show went on to be such a massive success for years after that. So, it's kind of a fun expression, and I get a kick out of the fact that they identified that episode (because granted maybe it was pushing things a little too far), but I think a lot of good work was still done after that show, and audiences seemed to really respond to it."


title: Jumping the shark

text: In a 2010 "Los Angeles Times" article, former "Happy Days" writer Fred Fox, Jr., who wrote the episode that later spawned the phrase, said "Was the [shark jump] episode of "Happy Days" deserving of its fate? No, it wasn't. All successful shows eventually start to decline, but this was not "Happy Days" time." Fox also points not only to the success of that episode ("a huge hit" with over 30 million viewers), but also to the continued popularity of the series. In addition, that same season would later include the episode, "My Favorite Orkan", launching the career of the then-unknown actor, Robin Williams. He was consequently given his own spin-off, "Mork & Mindy".


title: Jumping the shark

text: In a 2019 interview with NPR, Henry Winkler (Fonzie) told Terry Gross that the origin of the stunt began with the fact that he had been a water-skiing instructor as a teenager at a summer camp. Thus, his father used to say to him "every day for years—tell Garry Marshall that you water ski. Dad, I don't think I'm going to do that. No, no. Tell him you water ski. It's very important. I finally tell Garry, my father wants you to know I water ski." Winkler did all of the water skiing for the scene himself, except for the actual jump. Gross then asked Winkler what it was "about that scene or that episode that came to signify when something's time is up—when it's over?" Winkler responded: "You know what? I don't know. To them, the Fonz water skiing was just like the last straw. The only thing is it wasn't to the audience because we were No. 1 for years after that. So it didn't much matter to anybody." In addition, he told TheWrap in 2018 that he is "not embarrassed" by the phrase. He stated that "newspapers would mention jumping the shark... and they would show a picture of me in my leather jacket and swim shorts water-skiing. And at that time I had great legs. So I thought, 'I don't care.' And we were No. 1 for the next four or five years." As his character Barry Zuckerkorn (in the sitcom "Arrested Development") hopped over a shark in Episode 13 of the second season, Winkler also noted that there "was a book, there was a board game and it is an expression that is still used today... [and] I'm very proud that I am the only actor, maybe in the world, that has jumped the shark twice—once on "Happy Days", and once on "Arrested Development"."


title: Jumping the shark

text: The idiom has been used to describe a wide variety of situations, such as the state of advertising in the digital video recorder era, and views on rural education policy, the anomalous pursuit of a company acquisition, and the decline of republics into degraded democracy and empire.


title: Jumping the shark

text: Automotive journalist Dan Neil used the expression to describe the Mini Countryman, a much larger evolution of the previously small cars marketed by Mini. In March 2011, in a review titled "What Part of 'Mini' Did You Not Grasp, BMW?" Neil said the bigger car abandoned the company's design ethos and that "with the Countryman, tiny sharks have been jumped".


title: Jumping the shark

text: Similar to the example above, automotive blog The Truth About Cars used the expression in a 2010 retrospective piece to describe the Cadillac Cimarron, a rebadged Chevrolet Cavalier the Cadillac luxury car division sold in the 1980s that ended up being a commercial failure that did major damage to the brand's image; "Yes, as if there was ever any doubt, GM truly jumped the shark with the Cimarron, and it led the way for what was GM's most disastrous decade ever, the eighties. Only GM could have such utterly outsized hubris to think it could get away with dressing up a Cavalier and pawning it off as a BMW-fighter, without even touching the engine, among other sins."


title: Jumping the shark

text: In September 2011, after Republican presidential candidate for the United States Michele Bachmann repeated an anecdote shared with her claiming that the HPV vaccine causes "intellectual disability", radio commentator Rush Limbaugh said "Michele Bachmann, she might have blown it today. Well, not blown it—she might have jumped the shark today."


title: Jumping the shark

text: In August 2014, the city manager of Black Rock City, Nevada described Burning Man, an annual event at nearby Black Rock Desert, as having "jumped the shark", when the 2014 event—which had been previously noted for core values of radical self-expression and self-reliance—featured incongruously posh VIP lounges, cell phone towers, private jets, and "glamping".


title: Jumping the shark

text: The implication that Burning Man has "jumped the shark" (or is a fallen utopia) is questioned by cultural anthropologist Graham St John, who argues that Burning Man was never a utopia in the first place.


title: Jumping the shark

text: In January 2018, journalist Keith Olbermann criticized the inclusion of esports players on the sports journalism website "The Players' Tribune", saying that they "have jumped the shark by publishing pieces by snotty random kids playing children's games" in response to an article by Doublelift, a "League of Legends" player.


title: Jumping the shark

text: In May 2021, CNBC news anchor Carl Quintanilla proposed that Elon Musk had jumped the shark with his advocacy of cryptocurrencies instead of focusing on Tesla, Inc as it began to lose market share and its stock price began to plunge.


title: Jumping the shark

text: Writing in the April 2–3, 2022, edition of the "Wall Street Journal", reporter Kathryn O'Shea-Evans quoted an interior designer who remarked that chef's kitchens in homes were passé. "Chef's kitchens have jumped the shark. And for what? Unpacking takeout?".


title: Jumping the shark

text: In 2008, "TIME" identified a term modeled after "jump the shark": "nuke the fridge". Specifically applicable to film, the magazine defined the term: "to exhaust a Hollywood franchise with disappointing sequels."


title: Jumping the shark

text: The phrase derives from a scene in the fourth "Indiana Jones" film, "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull", in which Indiana Jones survives an atomic bomb detonation by fitting himself into a lead-lined refrigerator to shield himself from the radiation. The explosion annihilates its surroundings but sends the refrigerator flying sufficiently distant for the protagonist to escape unhurt. The scene was criticized as being scientifically implausible.


title: Jumping the shark

text: Within two days of the film's premiere, the phrase "nuke the fridge" had gone viral, describing film scenes that similarly stretched credulity. Director Steven Spielberg later said the scene was "my silly idea" and was glad to have been part of the pop-culture phrase, while the film's executive producer George Lucas took similar credit believing that Jones would have had an even chance of surviving the blast.


title: Jumping the shark

text: "Growing the beard" refers to the opposite of jumping the shark; i.e. when a show dramatically improves in quality. In the series "" the second season is considered to be better in terms of storytelling over the first season; coincidentally, character William Riker, who was clean-shaven for the , had grown a mustache and beard that he retained for the second season which is where the term was derived from.


title: Jumping the shark

text: Fonzie was not the first fictional character to encounter a shark on water skis. In the P. G. Wodehouse 1934 novel "Right Ho, Jeeves", Bertie Wooster's cousin Angela does so while aquaplaning on the French Riviera.


title: Quando Rondo

text: Tyquian Terrel Bowman (born March 23, 1999), professionally known by his stage name Quando Rondo, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter. He is currently signed to YoungBoy's Never Broke Again Record Label and Atlantic Records. He initially gained attention with the release of his song "I Remember" featuring Lil Baby in January 2018, leading to him dropping three mixtapes, "Life B4 Fame" (2018), "Life After Fame" (2018), and "From the Neighborhood to the Stage" (2019). His song "Motivation" was featured on the popular YouTube channel WorldStarHipHop.


title: Quando Rondo

text: Tyquian Bowman was born and raised in Savannah, Georgia. He showed early interest in music as a child. As a teenager, he spent some time in juvenile detention centers and was released in October 2017. At that time, he decided to pursue music full-time. During his teenage years, he also joined the Savannah and Atlanta subset of the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips.


title: Quando Rondo

text: His stage name is a play on his nickname, "Quando". He also a fan of the basketball player, Rajon Rondo. He grew up listening to Chief Keef.


title: Quando Rondo

text: In January 2018, he released the song "I Remember", featuring rapper Lil Baby. He followed that up with the release of the songs "Motivation" and "Paradise". The videos for all three songs accumulated millions of views on YouTube. On April 17, 2018, he released his first mixtape, "Life B4 Fame". The album featured "ABG" as well as songs with guest verses from Lil Baby, Lil Durk, and OMB Peezy. It accumulated 1 million streams on MyMixtapez in its first two days of release.


title: Quando Rondo

text: In June 2018, Quando Rondo released the single "Kiccin' Shit". Later that month, it was announced that he was the first signee to YoungBoy Never Broke Again's Atlantic Records imprint, Never Broke Again, LLC. In August of that year, he and Kevin Gates were featured on the YoungBoy song, "I Am Who They Say I Am". The following month, Quando Rondo was featured on three of the four tracks of YoungBoy Never Broke Again's "4Loyalty" EP.


title: Quando Rondo

text: On September 24, 2018, Quando Rondo released his second mixtape, "Life After Fame". The album featured guest verses from YoungBoy Never Broke Again, Rich Homie Quan, and Boosie Badazz. He went on to open for SOB X RBE on select tour dates in the United States on their "Global Gangin" tour, which was scheduled to end in December 2018.


title: Quando Rondo

text: In February 2019, Quando Rondo released the single "Scarred from Love", which appeared on his third mixtape, "From the Neighborhood to the Stage", released on May 10, 2019. He released his debut studio album, "QPac", on January 10, 2020.


title: Quando Rondo

text: Following months of controversy surrounding his alleged involvement in King Von's death, Quando released his fourth mixtape, "Still Taking Risks", on May 7, 2021. The mixtape has no features, consisting of 15 tracks and three bonus records.


title: Quando Rondo

text: On March 12, 2019, it was reported that Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again had a suit filed by a man claiming to be the rappers' bodyguard, tour manager and/or tour DJ for assault, battery and emotional distress. The lawsuit claims that on December 21, 2018, during a concert in Florence, South Carolina, the two performers were annoyed by a crazed fan resulting in an argument. The claimant states that he, Gaulden, Bowman and members of their entourage were escorted backstage by management, venue owners and concert organizers where he claims to have been assaulted by the two aforementioned. The person, who claimed he was confronted by the two defendants, commented that Bowman (although unprovoked) instigated the incident by attempting to force him back onstage to break up the fan craze to secure his team, but after he refused, Bowman and Gaulden immediately assaulted him as he tried to explain to both parties of his deeds. It resulted in the victim sustaining a "cracked tooth, bloody face and injuries to his reputation". Gaulden's attorney stated that he had no prior knowledge of the incident, but would look into the outcome of the lawsuit.


title: Quando Rondo

text: On November 6, 2020, an altercation broke out between the crews of rappers King Von and Quando Rondo outside an Atlanta nightclub, leading to a shoot-out that resulted in the death of the former. Quando and his entourage claimed that they were acting in self-defense and Von was the aggressor; "TMZ" reported that previous to the brawl, Quando was napping in a car outside the nightclub, awaking to find King Von and his crew angrily approaching him and his associates. There was footage of Von throwing punches at Quando Rondo's crew, prior to the gunfight. Surveillance videos also showed Rondo helping "Lul Timm" get to the hospital afterwards.


title: Quando Rondo

text: Quando Rondo publicly remained silent on the incident until two weeks later, when he released his song "End of Story", which was assumed to be a reference to Von's song trilogy, "Crazy Story". In the song, he recalls the shooting and addresses his involvement. In the song, he again states that he was defending himself and even shows support for his friend Timothy Leeks, a rapper also known as Lul Timm, who was charged for the murder of King Von. In April 2021, Quando denied that the song was a diss toward Von, and claimed he did not know that Von had songs with that title. Despite receiving strong criticism, Quando has continued to publicly support Leeks.


title: Quando Rondo

text: In October 2021, then-22-year-old Rondo was harshly criticized after it was revealed he was allegedly in a romantic relationship with a girl who was a senior in high school at the time. "While it's possible for a senior to be over eighteen years old, some think it's a strange decision for Quando to be going public with his new girl, given the fact that she may be underage", wrote HotNewHipHop.


title: Quando Rondo

text: On August 19, 2022, Bowman and others were reportedly shot at in Los Angeles. Bowman's friend, who went by the name Lul Pab, was killed in the shooting.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba () were a British rock band formed in 1982 and disbanded in 2012. They are best known for their 1997 single "Tubthumping", which was nominated for Best British Single at the 1998 Brit Awards. Other singles include "Amnesia", "Enough Is Enough" (with MC Fusion), "Timebomb", "Top of the World (Olé, Olé, Olé)", and "Add Me". The band drew on genres such as punk rock, pop, and folk. Their anarcho-communist political leanings led them to have an irreverent attitude toward authority, and to espouse a variety of political and social causes including animal rights and pacifism (early in their career) and later regarding class struggle, Marxism, feminism, gay liberation, pop culture, and anti-fascism.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In July 2012, Chumbawamba announced they were splitting up after 30 years. The band was joined by former members and collaborators for three final shows between 31 October and 3 November 2012, one of which was filmed and released as a live DVD.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba formed in Burnley in 1982 with an initial line-up of Allan "Boff" Whalley, Danbert Nobacon (born Nigel Hunter), Midge and Tomi, all four previously members of the band Chimp Eats Banana, shortly afterwards joined by Lou Watts. The band made their live debut in January 1982. Their first vinyl release was a track ("Three Years Later") on the Crass Records compilation album "Bullshit Detector 2". They were initially inspired musically by bands as diverse as the Fall, PiL, Wire, and Adam and the Ants and politically by the anarchist stance of Crass. Another of the band's early releases was under the name "Skin Disease", parodying the Oi! bands of the time so successfully that they were included on "Back On The Streets", an Oi! compilation EP put together by "Sounds" magazine journalist Garry Bushell. By the end of 1982, the band had expanded to include Alice Nutter (of Ow My Hair's on Fire), and Dunstan "Dunst" Bruce (of Men in a Suitcase) and were living in a squat in Armley, Leeds on Carr Crofts road, with Harry "Daz" Hamer and Mavis "Mave" Dillon joining soon after. Stalwarts of the cassette culture scene, the band released a number of tapes including "Be Happy Despite It All" and "Raising Heck With Chumbawamba", and were featured on many compilations. Chumbawamba were at the forefront of the 1980s anarcho-punk movement, frequently playing benefit gigs in squats and small halls for causes such as animal rights, the anti-war movement, and community groups. The band's collective political views are often described as anarchist. They made several songs about the UK miners' strike, including the cassette "Common Ground" and a song dedicated to the pit village of Fitzwilliam, which was one of the worst cases of economic decline following the strike.


title: Chumbawamba

text: By the mid-1980s Chumbawamba had begun to release material using the vinyl format on their own Agit-Prop record label, which had evolved from an earlier project, Sky and Trees Records. The first release was the "Revolution" EP in 1985, which quickly sold out of its initial run, and was re-pressed, reaching No. 4 in the UK Indie Chart, and staying in the chart for 34 weeks. The first LP, "Pictures of Starving Children Sell Records" (1986), was a critique of the Live Aid concert organised by Bob Geldof, which the band argued was primarily a cosmetic spectacle designed to draw attention away from the real political causes of world hunger.


title: Chumbawamba

text: The band toured Europe with Dutch band the Ex, and a collaboration between members of the two bands, under the name "Antidote", led to the release of an EP, "Destroy Fascism!", inspired by hardcore punk band Heresy, with whom they had also toured. Both the Ex and Chumbawamba were released on cassette tape in Poland during this period, when music censorship was entrenched in Iron Curtain nations. The "RED" label, based in Wrocław in south-west Poland during the late 1980s, only released cassette tapes and, despite the limits enforced by Polish authorities, was able to release Chumbawamba's music, in addition to bands from the USSR, East Germany and Czechoslovakia.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba's second album, "Never Mind the Ballots...Here's the Rest of Your Lives", was released in 1987, coinciding with the general election, and questions the validity of the British democratic system of the time. The band adopted another moniker, Scab Aid, for the "Let It Be" song release that parodied a version of the Beatles song recorded by the popstar supergroup Ferry Aid to raise money for victims of the Zeebrugge ferry disaster.


title: Chumbawamba

text: The 1988 album "English Rebel Songs 1381–1984", originally released as "English Rebel Songs 1381–1914", was a recording of traditional songs.


title: Chumbawamba

text: By the late 1980s and early 1990s, Chumbawamba had begun to absorb influences from techno music and rave culture. The band members quit their day jobs to begin concentrating on music full-time as they could now guarantee sales of 10,000 and they moved away from their original anarcho-punk roots, evolving a pop sensibility with releases such as "Slap!" (1990) and the sample-heavy "Shhh" (1992) (originally intended to be released as "Jesus H Christ!", this album had to be withdrawn and re-recorded because of copyright problems). They also toured the United States for the first time in 1990.


title: Chumbawamba

text: When Jason Donovan took "The Face" magazine to court that same year for claiming he was lying by denying he was gay, Chumbawamba responded by printing up hundreds of 'Jason Donovan – Queer As Fuck' T-shirts and giving them away free with the single "Behave".


title: Chumbawamba

text: After signing to the independent One Little Indian record label, "Anarchy" (1994) lyrically remained as politically uncompromising as ever, continuing to address issues such as homophobia (see song "Homophobia", the music video of which features the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence), the Criminal Justice Act and the rise of fascism in the UK following the election of Derek Beackon, a British National Party councillor in south-east London in 1993.


title: Chumbawamba

text: The album was the band's biggest success to date, reaching the top 30 in the UK and the singles "Timebomb" and "Enough Is Enough" both entering the low end of the UK Singles Chart. The latter featured Credit to the Nation's rapper MC Fusion. The live shows to support the album were recorded and went to make up their first live album "Showbusiness!", released in 1995.


title: Chumbawamba

text: One Little Indian also re-released Chumbawamba's back catalogue, which meant that the first three albums were released on CD for the first time. The first two, "Pictures of Starving Children Sell Records" (1985) and "Never Mind the Ballots" (1987), were repackaged as one disc under the title "First 2".


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba parted with One Little Indian during the recording of the 1996 album "Swingin' with Raymond", although they did release one last CD entitled "Portraits of Anarchists", which came with copies of Casey Orr's book of the same name.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba signed to EMI in Europe in 1997, a move that was viewed as controversial by many of their followers. They had been involved with a compilation LP called "Fuck EMI" in 1989, and had criticised the label in many of their earlier songs. The anarcho-punk band Oi Polloi (with whom Chumbawamba had previously toured and worked with on the 'Punk Aid' "Smash the Poll Tax" EP ) released an 'anti-Chumbawamba' EP, "Bare Faced Hypocrisy Sells Records" (Ruptured Ambitions 1998). Chumbawamba argued that EMI had severed the link with weapons manufacturer Thorn a few years previously, and that experience had taught them that, in a capitalist environment, almost every record company operates on capitalist principles: "Our previous record label One Little Indian didn't have the evil symbolic significance of EMI however they were completely motivated by profit." They added that this move brought with it the opportunity to make the band financially viable as well as to communicate their message to a wider audience.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In 1997, Chumbawamba scored their biggest chart hit with "Tubthumping" (UK No. 2, US No. 6), which featured an audio sample of actor Pete Postlethwaite's performance in the film "Brassed Off" on the album version. This was followed up in early 1998 with "Amnesia", which reached No. 10 in the UK. During this period Chumbawamba gained some notoriety over several controversial incidents, starting in August 1997 when Nutter was quoted in the British music paper "Melody Maker" as saying, "Nothing can change the fact that we like it when cops get killed." The comment was met with outrage in Britain's tabloid press and was condemned by the Police Federation of England and Wales. The band resisted pressure from EMI to issue an apology and Nutter only clarified her comment by stating, "If you're working class they won't protect you. When you hear about them, it's in the context of them abusing people, y'know, miscarriages of justice. We don't have a party when cops die, you know we don't."


title: Chumbawamba

text: In January 1998 Nutter appeared on the American political talk show "Politically Incorrect" and advised fans of their music who could not afford to buy their CDs to steal them from large chains such as HMV and Virgin, which prompted Virgin to remove the album from the shelves and start selling it from behind the counter.


title: Chumbawamba

text: A few weeks later, provoked by the Labour government's refusal to support the Liverpool Dockworkers' Strike, the band performed "Tubthumping" at the 1998 BRIT Awards with the lyric changed to include "New Labour sold out the dockers, just like they'll sell out the rest of us", and vocalist Danbert Nobacon later poured a jug of water over UK Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott, who was in the audience.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In the late 1990s, the band turned down $1.5 million from Nike to use the song "Tubthumping" in a World Cup advertisement. According to the band, the decision took approximately "30 seconds" to make.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In 2002, General Motors paid Chumbawamba a sum of either $70,000 or $100,000, to use the song "Pass It Along" from the "WYSIWYG" album, for a Pontiac Vibe television advertisement in 2002. Chumbawamba gave the money to the anti-corporate activist groups Indymedia and CorpWatch who used the money to launch an information and environmental campaign against GM.


title: Chumbawamba

text: EMI released the band's first collection album which featured a mixed bag of songs from between 1985 and 1998 under the title "Uneasy Listening".


title: Chumbawamba

text: Also in 1998 came a Japan-only mini album, "Amnesia", consisting of country and western style versions of recent hits "Tubthumping" and "Amnesia" alongside earlier songs like "Mouthful of Shit".


title: Chumbawamba

text: As a millennium present, Chumbawamba sent out a limited edition single to everyone on their mailing list. The song was a shoop-shoop-style ballad, "Tony Blair", which read like a heartbroken letter to an ex-lover who had broken all his promises. The band would send another free single out two years later, this time a re-worked version of the Beatles' song "Her Majesty" to coincide with the Queen's Golden Jubilee, with lyrics denouncing royalty.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba released the album "WYSIWYG" in 2000, which included a cover of the early Bee Gees song "New York Mining Disaster". The single "She's Got All The Friends That Money Can Buy" was backed by "Passenger List For Doomed Flight 1721", a song that listed all of the people that the band would like to see "disappear". The list of unfortunates included Tony Blair, Ally McBeal and Bono. Chumbawamba parted from EMI in 2001. The band later said that they got what they wanted from the deal with EMI: "we released some great records, we travelled all over the world, appeared on all these TV programmes, and we made loads of money, a lot of which we gave away or ploughed into worthwhile causes".


title: Chumbawamba

text: To celebrate their 20 years together, the band made a documentary film based on footage that they had recorded over the past two decades. Originally intended to be simply a compilation of their videos, the result was entitled "Well Done, Now Sod off". The title was taken from an early review of a Chumbawamba record and the film included both lovers and haters of the band.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba formed Mutt Records, their own record label, in 2002. It released their albums "Readymades" (2002), "Revenger's Tragedy" (2003 soundtrack), and "Un" (2004).


title: Chumbawamba

text: In 2007, Chumbawamba played at the Glastonbury Festival. In early 2007, the band announced via their website that a new album was in the works, stating that "the new album will be acoustic and probably won't sound like "A Singsong and a Scrap"".


title: Chumbawamba

text: The result was "The Boy Bands Have Won", released on 3 March 2008 in the UK and 14 March in mainland Europe. The record contained 25 tracks, some of them full-length songs, some of them no more than a minute long and was again acoustic folk in style. The album features the Oysterband, Roy Bailey and Barry Coope amongst others.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In late 2009 Chumbawamba toured northern England in their self-penned pantomime, a comedy musical entitled "Riot, Rebellion & Bloody Insurrection" with the Red Ladder Theatre Company. In late February 2010 they released their 15th album, titled "ABCDEFG".


title: Chumbawamba

text: In September 2011, past and present band members protested when the UK Independence Party used "Tubthumping" at their annual conference.


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism and participated in a Radio PSA for them.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In 1998, Chumbawamba contributed to the album released by the Polish "Never Again" Association as a part of its Music Against Racism campaign. In 2021 the album was reissued as vinyl record "One Race – Human Race. Music Against Racism: Part 2".


title: Chumbawamba

text: On 8 July 2012, Chumbawamba announced that they would be disbanding at the end of the year. On their website they opened the statement with "That's it then, it’s the end. With neither a whimper, a bang or a reunion." They stated they would continue with individual efforts, and ended their official statement:


title: Chumbawamba

text: We do, of course, reserve the right to re-emerge as Chumbawamba doing something else entirely (certainly not touring and putting out albums every 2 or 3 years). But frankly, that's not very likely. Thirty years of being snotty, eclectic, funny, contrary and just plain weird. What a privilege, and what a good time we’ve had.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In December 2012, the final UK show, filmed at the Leeds City Varieties on Halloween night, was released as Chumbawamba's only live DVD, entitled "Going Going".


title: Chumbawamba

text: A mail-order EP, "In Memoriam: Margaret Thatcher", was released on 8 April 2013. The CD had been recorded in 2005 and made available for pre-order on the group's website, to be issued upon the death of Margaret Thatcher.


title: Chumbawamba

text: After leaving Chumbawamba, vocalist Dunstan Bruce founded Dandy Films, an independent film and video company whose projects have included a "video blog" of the Levellers' UK tour during 2010 and Sham 69's tour of China.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In 2012 former Chumbawamba members Dunstan Bruce and Harry Hamer formed a new band, Interrobang?!, with guitarist Stephen Griffin of London-based Regular Fries.


title: Chumbawamba

text: In August 2017, Dunstan Bruce, Boff Whalley and Jude Abbott were interviewed on BBC's "The One Show" from the Leeds City Varieties and near their former home celebrating 20 years since the release of "Tubthumping".


title: Chumbawamba

text: On 1 July 2015 Dunstan Bruce started a Kickstarter to fund a documentary titled "I Get Knocked Down (The Untold Story of Chumbawamba)" that told the band's entire history from different members' perspective. He surpassed his £40,000 goal. That same year, Chumbawamba was the featured subject on two podcasts produced by Gimlet Media: "StartUp" #16 "The Secret Formula" and "Surprisingly Awesome" #4 "Tubthumping".


title: Chumbawamba

text: Former member Alice Nutter has had a number of plays performed at the Leeds Playhouse, where she took a writing course in 2006. In addition, a neon sculpture on the side of the theatre features the lyric "I get knocked down but I get up again" from the band's single "Tubthumping".


title: Chumbawamba

text: Chumbawamba has been described as various genres including, anarcho-punk, pop, folk, world, dance, alternative rock pop rock, electronic, rock, and a cappella.


title: Chumbawamba

text: The band's membership varied over the years, with the line-up and musical assignments in the early years being especially fluid (members were known to switch instruments between, or even during, gigs). This is a list of principal official members and collaborators, drawn mainly from the credits of their releases since 1985. Short-term members and collaborators are not included.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Cold Mountain is a 2003 epic period war film written and directed by Anthony Minghella. The film is based on the bestselling 1997 novel of the same name by Charles Frazier. It stars Jude Law, Nicole Kidman, and Renée Zellweger with Eileen Atkins, Brendan Gleeson, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Natalie Portman, Jack White, Giovanni Ribisi, Donald Sutherland, and Ray Winstone in supporting roles. The film tells the story of a wounded deserter from the Confederate army close to the end of the American Civil War, who journeys home to reunite with the woman he loves. The film was a co-production of companies in Italy, Romania, and the United States.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: "Cold Mountain" was released theatrically on December 25, 2003 by Miramax Films. It became a critical and commercial success grossing over $173 million and receiving seven nominations at the 76th Academy Awards, with Zellweger winning


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: When North Carolina secedes from the Union on May 20, 1861, the young men of Cold Mountain enlist in the Confederate States Army. Among them is W.P. Inman, a carpenter who has fallen in love with Ada Monroe, the preacher's daughter who came from Charleston, South Carolina to care for her father. Their courtship is interrupted by the war, they share their first kiss the day Inman leaves for battle. Ada promises to wait for him.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Three years later, Inman fights in the Battle of the Crater and survives. He then comforts a dying acquaintance from Cold Mountain, while fellow soldier Stobrod Thewes plays a tune on his fiddle. Inman is later wounded in a skirmish, and as he lies in a hospital near death, a nurse reads him a letter from Ada, who pleads for Inman to come home to her. Inman recovers and deserts, embarking on a long trek back to Cold Mountain.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Inman encounters corrupt preacher Veasey, and stops him from drowning his pregnant enslaved lover. Exiled from his parish, Veasey joins Inman on his journey. They later meet a young man named Junior, and join him and his family for dinner. Junior brings the Confederate Home Guard, who take Inman and Veasey away along with other deserters. Veasey and the group are killed in a skirmish with Union cavalry, while Inman is left for dead. An elderly hermit living in the woods finds Inman and nurses him back to health. He eventually meets a grieving young widow named Sara and her infant child Ethan, and stays the night at her cabin. The next morning, three Union soldiers arrive demanding food. They take Ethan hostage and try to rape Sara, forcing Inman and Sara to kill them.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Back in Cold Mountain, Ada's father has died, leaving her with no money and little means to run their farm in Black Cove. She survives on the kindness of her neighbors, particularly Esco and Sally Swanger, who eventually send for Ruby Thewes (Stobrod's daughter) to help. Ruby moves in and together they bring the farm to working order, becoming close. Meanwhile, Ada continues to write letters to Inman, hoping they will reunite and renew their romance.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Ada has several tense encounters with Captain Teague, the leader of the local Home Guard who covets Ada and her property, and whose grandfather had once owned much of Cold Mountain. One day, Teague and his men kill Esco, and then torture Sally to coax her deserter sons out of hiding and kill them as well. Ada and Ruby rescue Sally, who is traumatized and rendered mute. The women celebrate Christmas with Stobrod, who has come to Cold Mountain with fellow deserters and musicians Pangle and Georgia.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: While camping in the woods one night, Stobrod and Pangle are cornered by Teague and the Guard while Georgia secretly watches; Pangle inadvertently reveals they are deserters, and the Guard shoot Pangle and Stobrod. Georgia escapes and informs Ruby and Ada, who return to the scene to find Pangle dead and Stobrod badly wounded. The women and Stobrod take shelter in an abandoned Cherokee camp. Ada goes hunting for food and is reunited with Inman, who has finally returned to Cold Mountain. They return to the camp, and spend the night consummating their love.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: As they head home, Ada and Ruby are surrounded by Teague and his men, having captured and tortured Georgia for their whereabouts. Inman arrives and kills Teague and most of his posse in a gunfight. He then chases Teague's lieutenant, Bosie, and they exchange fast draws. Bosie is killed but Inman is mortally wounded. Ada finds and comforts Inman, who dies in her arms.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Years later, it is revealed that Ada's night with Inman produced a daughter, Grace Inman, and that Ruby has married Georgia bearing two children. With Stobrod and Sally, the family celebrates Easter together at Black Cove.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Several scholars of historical studies reviewed the film for its representation of North Carolina during the Civil War, especially the state's mountainous western region. Their justification is the effect popular media have on national and worldwide perceptions of Appalachian people, particularly southern Appalachians in this case. The opinions vary, but the consensus among them is the historical context of the movie is close to the scholarship.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Scholars praised the film for its conformity to the historical scholarship in other subjects, with one saying "the final product should... provide so unflinching a portrayal of the bleak and unsettling realities of a far less familiar version of the Civil War, but one that would be all too recognizable to thousands of hardscrabble southern men and women who lived through it."


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: One scholar said "some of the best of the soundtrack was not composed for the movie but garnered from the body of time-tested and proven masterpieces of an earlier rural American culture." Such selections were not necessarily performed authentically in the film: the two Sacred Harp songs, although generally authentic to the period and region, contained vocal parts not yet written at that time.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: The beginning Battle of the Crater is depicted as happening in broad daylight but it began at 4:44 am with the detonation of the mine.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: In 1997, United Artists bought the rights to "Cold Mountain" for Anthony Minghella to write and direct, with Sydney Pollack as producer. MGM/United Artists and Miramax Films then announced a deal to produce eight films together, sharing the profits.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: As the script was developed, the scope of the film grew from a period love story with a budget of $40 million into an expensive epic. The budget grew to nearly $120 million, with Minghella having trouble finding American landscapes that could pass for 19th-century towns. Tom Cruise, at the time married to Nicole Kidman, wanted to play Inman, but the studio did not want to pay his $20 million demand. To get the budget down, production was moved to Romania, but three weeks before filming began in July 2002, MGM pulled out. Producer Harvey Weinstein was going to cancel the shoot, but with Minghella already in pre-production he agreed to fund the $80 million project after receiving a $10 million tax break.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: Cold Mountain, where the film is set, is a real mountain located within the Pisgah National Forest, Haywood County, North Carolina. It was filmed mostly in Romania, with numerous scenes filmed in Virginia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. The film was one of an increasing number of Hollywood productions made in eastern Europe as a result of lower costs in the region; and because, in this instance, Transylvania having fewer infrastructure like power cables and paved roads was less marked by modern life than the Appalachians.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: The film marked a technological and industry turnaround in editing. Walter Murch edited "Cold Mountain" on Apple's sub-$1000 Final Cut Pro software using off-the-shelf G4s. This was a leap for such a big budgeted film, where expensive Avid systems are usually the standard editing system. His efforts on the film were documented in the 2005 book "Behind the Seen: How Walter Murch Edited Cold Mountain Using Apple's Final Cut Pro and What This Means for Cinema."


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: "Cold Mountain" grossed $95.6 million in the United States and Canada and $77.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $173 million. Producer Harvey Weinstein said the film would break-even if it grossed $135 million.


title: Cold Mountain (film)

text: The film made $14.5 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office. It made $11.7 million in its second weekend and $7.9 million in its third, finishing fourth both times.