title: Petronas

text: Petronas has more than 100 subsidiaries and around 40 Joint Venture companies in which Petronas has at least 50% stake in the company. Although Petronas is considering to listing more of its subsidiaries, so far the company has listed at least 3 of its subsidiaries in the Bursa Malaysia.


title: Petronas

text: Involved in the distribution and sale of finished petroleum products and operations of service stations for the domestic market. The company has over 800 petrol stations around Malaysia as of July 2007, and further increased to 870 stations in January 2008.


title: Petronas

text: The company has also teamed up with local food and beverage companies, banks and transportation companies to provide better services at their petrol stations. Companies include McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dunkin' Donuts, Konsortium Transnasional Berhad, Maybank, and CIMB Bank.


title: Petronas

text: Involved in the provision of gas processing and transmission services to Petronas and its customers as a throughput company. Owns and operates the Peninsular Gas Pipeline which is 2,550 kilometres in length and runs from Kerteh in Terengganu to Johor Bahru in the South and Kangar in the North of Peninsular Malaysia.


title: Petronas

text: Involved in ship-owning, ship-operating and other logistics and maritime transportation services and activities. Currently has the largest fleet of LNG transport vessels


title: Petronas

text: Involved in the development and the management of the Kuala Lumpur City Centre project which includes the Petronas Twin Towers, Menara Exxon Mobil and KLCC Park. Other properties under its care include Dayabumi Complex which located near Dataran Merdeka.


title: Petronas

text: The Petronas Chemicals is the latest company to be publicly listed. The IPO was done on 26 November 2010 with investor raise around US$4.40 billion, effectively becoming one of the largest IPO exercises in South East Asia.


title: Petronas

text: The business is the largest petrochemical producer and seller in South East Asia. Products include olefins, polymers, fertilisers, methanol and other basic chemicals and derivative products.


title: Petronas

text: The business builds offshore structures for oil and gas applications, help repair large vessels and converts vessels into Floating production storage and offloading and FSOs.


title: Petronas

text: Others include Petronas Assets Sdn Bhd; Petronas Maritime Services Sdn Bhd; Petronas Selenia (OEM Oil for FCA, AREXONS); Petronas Trading Corp. Sdn Bhd; Petronas Argentina S.A.; Petronas Australia Pty Ltd.; Petronas Thailand Co. Ltd.; Petronas Energy Philippines Inc.; Petronas Cambodia Co. Ltd.; Petronas Technical Services Sdn Bhd; Petronas Group Technical Solutions Sdn Bhd; Petronas South Africa Pty Ltd.; Petronas India Holdings Company Pte Ltd.; Petronas China Co. Ltd.; Petronas International Corp. Ltd.; Petronas Marketing Thailand Co. Ltd.; Myanmar Petronas Trading Co. Ltd.; Petronas Canada; Petronas Marketing (Netherlands) B.V. and Indianoil Petronas


title: Petronas

text: Petronas is an official recommended flagship fuel and lubricants for Mercedes-Benz (including Mercedes-AMG models), Proton, Perodua, and Tata Motors for automobiles. They are also recommended fuel and lubricants for Modenas and Yamaha motorcycles.


title: Petronas

text: Petronas was one of the main sponsors of the BMW Sauber Formula One team alongside Intel, and supplied lubricants and fuel to the team. It also owned 40% of Sauber Petronas Engineering, the company that builds chassis which formerly used Ferrari designed engines used by the Sauber team, until being bought out by German motor company BMW. Petronas was also the main sponsor for the Malaysian Grand Prix, and co-sponsored the Chinese Grand Prix, and the inaugural Korean Grand Prix. Petronas was the exclusive premium partner of the Sauber Petronas (1995–2005) and BMW Sauber (2006–2009) F1 teams. BMW had acquired the controlling stake of the former Sauber Petronas Engineering, but left the sport after the 2009 season. On 21 December 2009, Petronas was confirmed as moving from BMW Sauber to the newly formed Mercedes AMG Petronas Formula One team.


title: Petronas

text: In terms of further Formula One involvement, every year Petronas took the BMW Sauber team to various parts of Malaysia for F1 demos, so the public who are unable to go to the track itself get to experience a little bit of what F1 offers. Other promotional events are held in the run up to the race and the drivers play an integral part in this so much so that Nick Heidfeld conceded that there were more fans for BMW Sauber in Malaysia than in most other countries.


title: Petronas

text: Petronas also sponsors the Malaysian Cub Prix races. It also sponsors many other sporting events and teams, mostly motorsports. Some of these sponsorships include the PERT (Petronas EON Rally Team), the now-defunct Foggy Petronas Superbike team (in which Petronas debuts their superbike, the FP1), and also the Petronas Adventure Team, a 4X4 adventure team. More recently Petronas was also a major sponsor for Petronas TOYOTA TEAM TOM'S which was participating in Super GT series, which they won the team title in 2008 and driver title in 2009. The series also raced in Malaysia every season at Sepang International Circuit between 2005 and 2013. Petronas signed a three-year sponsorship agreement with Yamaha MotoGP team. The Petronas branding can be seen starting Qatar race on the 10 to 12 April 2009. Petronas also sponsors all Mercedes-AMG DTM cars from the 2011 season until Mercedes' DTM exit in 2018 (replacing Mobil 1) for only providing the lubricants.


title: Petronas

text: Since 2010, Petronas has been the main sponsor of the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 team. Mercedes have won eight straight Constructors' Championship titles and 7 Drivers' Championship titles from the beginning of the 1.6 litre (97.6 cu in) turbocharged V6 engine era in until . Since 2014, Petronas has also been supplying fuel and lubricants for Mercedes-AMG customer teams, including Force India (from 2014) (now known as Aston Martin, shared with Pemex from 2018 season for fuel only, along with Roshfrans for 2014 season and Ravenol from 2018 season for lubricants only), Lotus for , Manor for and Williams from . In addition Petronas also supplies fuels and lubricants for Honda-powered Red Bull-owned Italian team Scuderia Toro Rosso, known as Scuderia AlphaTauri since the 2020 season. Petronas' title and technical partnership with Mercedes is extended from the 2026 season onwards.


title: Petronas

text: Since 2019, Petronas is the main sponsor of the new Petronas Yamaha SRT, which became the satellite team for Yamaha in MotoGP following Tech3's switch to KTM bikes after 20 years with Yamaha bikes. Their riders are Valentino Rossi and 2017 Moto2 World Champion Franco Morbidelli. In addition, Petronas also played a role for supplying fuels, motorcycle oil and other products for Petronas Yamaha SRT MotoGP team.


title: Petronas

text: As part of its corporate social responsibility programme, Petronas also brings underprivileged children to watch the race.


title: Petronas

text: Petronas awards education sponsorships in the form of convertible loans to Malaysian and international students to further their studies at local or foreign universities. The Petronas unit that is responsible for handling education matters is called the Sponsorship & Talent Sourcing Unit (STS). These sponsorships are awarded based on academic results, co-curricular activities, family background as well as an assessment of student personality (which is conducted throughout a program called EduCamp, which all prospective Petronas students are required to undergo). Students who are absorbed by Petronas at the end of their tertiary studies have their convertible loans converted into full scholarships. These students are under contractual agreement to work for the company for two years, for every one year they are sponsored. Petronas has its own research university, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP). Built in 1997, the campus is located in Seri Iskandar, Perak.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: Shot Caller is a 2017 American crime thriller film directed and written by Ric Roman Waugh. The film chronicles the transformation of a well-to-do family man into a hardened prison gangster, which he undergoes to survive California's penal system after he is incarcerated for his role in a deadly DUI car accident. The film stars Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Omari Hardwick, Lake Bell, Jon Bernthal, Emory Cohen, Jeffrey Donovan, and Evan Jones, with Benjamin Bratt, and Holt McCallany.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: It premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 16, 2017. The film was released on July 20, 2017, through DirecTV Cinema and theatrically on August 18, 2017, by Saban Films.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: Jacob Harlon is a successful stockbroker living with his wife, Katherine, and son Joshua, in California. One night, he drives his wife and friends home under the influence and causes a collision which kills one of his friends. After taking a plea deal, Jacob is sentenced to 16 months at the California Institution for Men in Chino.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: On his first night inside, Harlon overhears the gang rape of a fellow inmate and quickly decides his only chance at survival is to go on the offensive. The next day, he stands his ground and attacks an African-American inmate when provoked, drawing the attention of Bottles, the “shot caller” for the white supremacist gang PENI; in return for protection and entry into the gang, Jacob is forced to smuggle heroin and kill a snitch. Over time, Harlon rises in rank, obtains the alias “Money”, and grows even more hardened by prison life. During a riot, Harlon stabs another inmate to save the life of the head of the Sureños, earning him respect from other gang leaders, but is caught on camera and sentenced to five years (to run concurrently to his original sentence) as a result. Harlon then ceases all contact with his family, demanding that they move on and forget him. Harlon is eventually transferred to Corcoran State Prison where he is introduced to "The Beast", the leader of the Aryan Brotherhood there. Impressed with Harlon's dedication, The Beast promotes him to his second-in-command.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: As he is set to be released, Harlon is ordered by The Beast to orchestrate a weapons deal with the Sureños. Though Harlon is initially hesitant as he will be on parole, he eventually relents after The Beast threatens his family. Upon release, he is greeted by "Shotgun" and other gang members, including Howie, a young Afghanistan war veteran with no criminal record. Harlon survives an attack at a party and orders Howie to answer to no one but him.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: Harlon's parole officer Ed Kutcher is tipped off about the weapons deal and places Harlon under surveillance, who then discovers that Shotgun is Kutcher's informant. After Harlon transfers his finances to his wife, she brings Joshua to meet him against his wishes, and has a brief emotional breakdown after realizing his son has grown up without him. On the day of the deal, Harlon evades his surveillance and kills Shotgun at his home. Kutcher finds Shotgun dead and discovers his cellphone has a message about the pending gun deal. After meeting the Sureños, Harlon texts their coordinates to Shotgun's cellphone. Realizing that Shotgun hid more of the weapons to sell himself, Harlon warns Howie to leave the criminal life and forces him out of their vehicle. As the deal closes, the police, ATF, and SWAT—alerted by Harlon's text—surround the gangs; only Howie manages to escape and watches from a distance, realizing Harlon saved his life.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: Fully validated, Harlon is sentenced to life imprisonment with no possibility of parole. He turns down Kutcher's offer to testify against The Beast in exchange for a full pardon. Harlon is returned to Corcoran where The Beast, having learned Harlon alerted authorities to the location of the raid, tells him his family will be killed. Harlon had anticipated The Beast's retaliation and concealed a handcuff key and a razor blade in a butt safe. He frees himself and confronts The Beast in his cell. After a brief fight, Harlon cuts The Beast's jugular vein and kills him. He orders a prison guard to report that he acted in self-defense. He then assumes The Beast's place as gang leader.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: With his family's safety secured, Harlon accepts his life sentence, and notifies Kutcher about the remaining weapons. He receives a letter from Joshua, explaining that he and Katherine are moving on, living a successful and happy life, and that he has forgiven his father. Harlon is moved emotionally as he looks at pictures of his former life with his family, and accepts that sacrificing his own freedom to kill The Beast was the only way he could protect his family from his enemies. Harlon then goes outside to exercise in the yard.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: On April 9, 2015, Bold Films came on board to fully finance and produce the crime thriller film "Shot Caller", to be directed by Ric Roman Waugh, based on his own script. Participant Media developed the project, while Participant's Jonathan King produced, along with Michel Litvak and Matthew Rhodes of Bold Films, and Waugh. In April 2015, Relativity Media acquired the US rights to the film for $3 million with a wide release commitment, and Sierra/Affinity was on board to handle international sales. Since Relativity Media filed for bankruptcy in July 2015, the film's release was postponed until Saban Films acquired the U.S. distribution rights in April 2017.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 69% based on 49 reviews, with an average score of 5.9/10 and the consensus reads "Shot Caller's weakness for action movie clichés is capably offset by strong work from Nikolaj Coster-Waldau in the central role". On Metacritic the film has a score of 59 out of 100 based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews.


title: Shot Caller (film)

text: Peter Debruge of "Variety" wrote: "It’s a genre movie, to be sure, but there’s an impressive sense of authenticity—in the language, the locations and the overall texture—that goes a long way to sell the scenario."


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: The Chronicles of Riddick is a science fiction action space Western media franchise created in 2000 by brothers Ken and Jim Wheat and later continued by writer-director David Twohy, spanning three live-action feature films, a direct-to-DVD animated film, two video games for PC and consoles, one motion comic, one mobile game, and two novelizations.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: The series follows the adventures of antihero character Riddick (either portrayed or voiced by Vin Diesel) in the 28th century. "The Chronicles of Riddick" fictional universe was initially created with the release of "Pitch Black", which was written by director Twohy and brothers Ken and Jim Wheat from a story devised by the latter brothers. Since then Twohy has solely written and directed the two live action sequels and was involved in the development of the storyline of a number of the franchise's offshoots.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: The first installment of the franchise, "Pitch Black", was a lower budget production compared to the later films. The story involves Riddick being transported to prison on the "Hunter Gratzner", a commercial cargo spaceship. When the craft is damaged in the wake of a comet and makes an emergency crash landing on an isolated desert planet, Riddick escapes. However, when flying creatures begin attacking all the survivors, Riddick joins forces with the others to escape the planet. After the release of the sequel titled "The Chronicles of Riddick", in the hopes of building a franchise, this film has often been referred to as "The Chronicles of Riddick: Pitch Black" in subsequent home video re-releases. It received mixed reviews on release but has been reappraised by many and today is considered a cult classic.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: The second feature film in the series, "The Chronicles of Riddick", was a considerably more expensive production and was more action oriented than its predecessor. It takes place five years after "Pitch Black" and involved Riddick's meeting with Jack and Imam, survivors from the first film, his escape from the prison planet Crematoria, and his battle with the Necromonger fleet, which ended with the defeat of the Lord Marshal and Riddick taking his place. Critically it was not received as well as the first film in the franchise, but the release of a director's cut DVD is generally considered to be a slight improvement and received strong sales.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: Encouraged by high DVD sales and Vin Diesel's newly restored box office success, David Twohy wrote a script for a third film in the "Riddick" series. The film was produced by Media Rights Capital and distributed by Universal, and was released on September 6, 2013. Karl Urban returned to reprise his role as Vaako from "The Chronicles of Riddick". Katee Sackhoff and Matt Nable also joined the cast of the film. Reviews were mixed, but it was considered a moderate success at the box-office and an improvement over the previous film.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: In January 2014, Diesel announced on his Facebook page that Universal wishes to develop a fourth "Riddick" film, again prompted by robust DVD sales of the most recent film in the series. They were looking into Media Rights Capital or Legendary Pictures to co-finance it. Diesel announced on his Facebook page that the fourth film is titled "Furya" and will have an R rating.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: In April 2016, Vin Diesel confirmed that he and writer-director David Twohy were developing a fourth Riddick movie titled "The Chronicles of Riddick: Furya". In May 2016, he explained that production on "The Chronicles of Riddick: Furya" may begin in early 2017. In a video, Vin Diesel asked: "Are you guys excited to hear about Furya? Do you want to know where it all began with that dark character Riddick?". David Twohy confirmed that the new film would be rated R. On 21 July 2019, Diesel announced on his Instagram that he had received Twohy’s script for "Riddick 4: Furya".


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "", a made-for-DVD animated film, acts as a bridge between the live-action films of "Pitch Black" and "The Chronicles of Riddick". It takes place shortly after "Pitch Black" and involves Riddick and the other two survivors of "Pitch Black", Jack and Imam, and their run-in with a mercenary ship, as well as its captain who wishes to keep Riddick frozen as part of her collection of warriors from around the universe. It received mixed reviews.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Escape from Butcher Bay" is a video game based on the "Riddick" series, released for the Xbox and Windows PC. It acts as a prequel to "Pitch Black", and involves Riddick's escape from the eponymous prison, Butcher Bay. The game was very well received and it is often listed among "the greatest Xbox games of all time".


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Assault on Dark Athena" is a video game for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Windows, and Mac OS X computers. It includes an enhanced remake of "Escape from Butcher Bay", and covers events between the previous game and "Pitch Black". Reviews were mostly positive.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Riddick: The Merc Files" is a touch-based stealth action game for Android and iOS devices. It was developed by Gaming Corps, a game developer founded by some of the original developers of the previous "Riddick" games.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Into Pitch Black" is a Sci-Fi channel special which aired before "Pitch Black", and was about lawmen investigating Riddick's past as well as an investigation into the crash of "The Hunter Gratzner". It shows several inconsistencies with the official storyline of the other films and video games. There are five different sequences, that of the investigator, a psychiatrist evaluating Riddick, the alleged doctor who gave Riddick his trademark eyeshine, the team that investigated the disappearance of "the Hunter-Gratzner", as well as various clips of the actual movie "Pitch Black".


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: In June 2004, David Twohy announced that he was writing the story basis for a Syfy television film/pilot episode for a proposed television series based on the "Riddick" character Kyra.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: In December 2015, Diesel announced on his Instagram account that both he and Twohy developed a TV series titled "Merc City" that will follow the Mercs and Bounty Hunters of the "Riddick" franchise.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Pitch Black" and "The Chronicles of Riddick" have received novelizations of their scripts, by Frank Lauria and Alan Dean Foster respectively. These expand on elements of the films, most notably "Pitch Black" providing character backstory for Riddick and "The Chronicles of Riddick" describing the Necromongers and their religion in greater detail.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Pitch Black: Slam City" is a short motion comic prequel to "Pitch Black" by animator Brian Murray with David Twohy which had been available for download at the "Pitch Black" website. "Slam City" is in the form of an official, confidential prison record detailing Riddick's arrival and escape from the Ursa Luna Slam City facility, in eleven hours and twenty-two minutes. Notably, it shows Riddick undergoing the surgery that gives him "eyeshine" — the ability to see in the dark — and paying for this with a pack of Kool cigarettes, as mentioned in "Pitch Black". William J. Johns is seen at the end of the film being charged with capturing Riddick.


title: The Chronicles of Riddick (franchise)

text: "Riddick: Blindsided" is a motion comic based on storyboarded scenes of the third film that didn't make the theatrical cut. It takes place shortly before the events of "Riddick" and bridges that film with the previous one. The director's cut of "Riddick" reinserts most of the material covered in "Blindsided" back into the film. It was released online a month before the release of the third film to generate buzz and it is also included with the movie's home video release.


title: Streptococcus

text: Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive "" (plural ) or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota. Cell division in streptococci occurs along a single axis, so as they grow, they tend to form pairs or chains that may appear bent or twisted. This differs from staphylococci, which divide along multiple axes, thereby generating irregular, grape-like clusters of cells. Most streptococci are oxidase-negative and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically).


title: Streptococcus

text: The term was coined in 1877 by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth (1829–1894), by combining the prefix "strepto-" (from ), together with the suffix "-coccus" (from Modern , from .) In 1984, many bacteria formerly grouped in the genus "Streptococcus" were separated out into the genera "Enterococcus" and "Lactococcus". Currently, over 50 species are recognised in this genus. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome.


title: Streptococcus

text: In addition to streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat), certain "Streptococcus" species are responsible for many cases of pink eye, meningitis, bacterial pneumonia, endocarditis, erysipelas, and necrotizing fasciitis (the 'flesh-eating' bacterial infections). However, many streptococcal species are not pathogenic, and form part of the commensal human microbiota of the mouth, skin, intestine, and upper respiratory tract. Streptococci are also a necessary ingredient in producing Emmentaler ("Swiss") cheese.


title: Streptococcus

text: Species of "Streptococcus" are classified based on their hemolytic properties. Alpha-hemolytic species cause oxidization of iron in hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells, giving it a greenish color on blood agar. Beta-hemolytic species cause complete rupture of red blood cells. On blood agar, this appears as wide areas clear of blood cells surrounding bacterial colonies. Gamma-hemolytic species cause no hemolysis.


title: Streptococcus

text: Beta-hemolytic streptococci are further classified by Lancefield grouping, a serotype classification (that is, describing specific carbohydrates present on the bacterial cell wall). The 21 described serotypes are named Lancefield groups A to W (excluding I and J). This system of classification was developed by Rebecca Lancefield, a scientist at Rockefeller University.


title: Streptococcus

text: In the medical setting, the most important groups are the alpha-hemolytic streptococci "S. pneumoniae" and "Streptococcus" "viridans "group, and the beta-hemolytic streptococci of Lancefield groups A and B (also known as “group A strep” and “group B strep”).


title: Streptococcus

text: When alpha-hemolysis (α-hemolysis) is present, the agar under the colony will appear dark and greenish due to the conversion of hemoglobin to green biliverdin. "Streptococcus pneumoniae" and a group of oral streptococci ("Streptococcus viridans" or viridans streptococci) display alpha-hemolysis.


title: Streptococcus

text: Alpha-hemolysis is also termed incomplete hemolysis or partial hemolysis because the cell membranes of the red blood cells are left intact. This is also sometimes called green hemolysis because of the color change in the agar.


title: Streptococcus

text: Beta-hemolysis (β-hemolysis), sometimes called complete hemolysis, is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent. Streptolysin, an exotoxin, is the enzyme produced by the bacteria which causes the complete lysis of red blood cells. There are two types of streptolysin: Streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS). Streptolysin O is an oxygen-sensitive cytotoxin, secreted by most group A "Streptococcus" (GAS), and interacts with cholesterol in the membrane of eukaryotic cells (mainly red and white blood cells, macrophages, and platelets), and usually results in beta-hemolysis under the surface of blood agar. Streptolysin S is an oxygen-stable cytotoxin also produced by most GAS strains which results in clearing on the surface of blood agar. SLS affects immune cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes, and is thought to prevent the host immune system from clearing infection. "Streptococcus pyogenes", or GAS, displays beta hemolysis.


title: Streptococcus

text: Some weakly beta-hemolytic species cause intense hemolysis when grown together with a strain of "Staphylococcus". This is called the CAMP test. "Streptococcus agalactiae" displays this property. "Clostridium perfringens" can be identified presumptively with this test. "Listeria monocytogenes" is also positive on sheep's blood agar.


title: Streptococcus

text: Group A "S. pyogenes" is the causative agent in a wide range of group A streptococcal infections (GAS). These infections may be noninvasive or invasive. The noninvasive infections tend to be more common and less severe. The most common of these infections include streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) and impetigo. Scarlet fever is also a noninvasive infection, but has not been as common in recent years.


title: Streptococcus

text: The invasive infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci tend to be more severe and less common. This occurs when the bacterium is able to infect areas where it is not usually found, such as the blood and the organs. The diseases that may be caused include streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia. Globally, GAS has been estimated to cause more than 500,000 deaths every year, making it one of the world's leading pathogens.


title: Streptococcus

text: Additional complications may be caused by GAS, namely acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Rheumatic fever, a disease that affects the joints, kidneys, and heart valves, is a consequence of untreated strep A infection caused not by the bacterium itself. Rheumatic fever is caused by the antibodies created by the immune system to fight off the infection cross-reacting with other proteins in the body. This "cross-reaction" causes the body to essentially attack itself and leads to the damage above. A similar autoimmune mechanism initiated by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection is hypothesized to cause pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS), wherein autoimmune antibodies affect the basal ganglia, causing rapid onset of psychiatric, motor, sleep, and other symptoms in pediatric patients.


title: Streptococcus

text: "S. agalactiae", or group B "streptococcus", GBS, causes pneumonia and meningitis in newborns and the elderly, with occasional systemic bacteremia. Importantly, "Streptococcus agalactiae" is the most common cause of meningitis in infants from one month to three months old. They can also colonize the intestines and the female reproductive tract, increasing the risk for premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy, and transmission of the organism to the infant. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Centers for Disease Control recommend all pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks gestation to be tested for GBS. Women who test positive should be given prophylactic antibiotics during labor, which will usually prevent transmission to the infant.


title: Streptococcus

text: The United Kingdom has chosen to adopt a risk factor-based protocol, rather than the culture-based protocol followed in the US. Current guidelines state that if one or more of the following risk factors is present, then the woman should be treated with "intrapartum" antibiotics:


title: Streptococcus

text: This protocol results in the administration of intrapartum antibiotics to 15–20% of pregnant women and prevention of 65–70% of cases of early onset GBS sepsis.


title: Streptococcus

text: This group includes "S. equi", which causes strangles in horses, and "S. zooepidemicus"—"S. equi" is a clonal descendant or biovar of the ancestral "S. zooepidemicus"—which causes infections in several species of mammals, including cattle and horses. "S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae" is also a member of group C, beta-haemolytic streptococci that can cause pharyngitis and other pyogenic infections similar to group A streptococci.


title: Streptococcus

text: Many former group D streptococci have been reclassified and placed in the genus "Enterococcus" (including "E. faecalis", "E. faecium", "E. durans", and "E. avium"). For example, "Streptococcus faecalis" is now "Enterococcus faecalis". "E. faecalis" is sometimes alpha-hemolytic and "E. faecium" is sometimes beta hemolytic.


title: Streptococcus

text: The remaining nonenterococcal group D strains include "Streptococcus gallolyticus", "Streptococcus bovis", "Streptococcus equinus" and "Streptococcus suis".


title: Streptococcus

text: Nonhemolytic streptococci rarely cause illness. However, weakly hemolytic group D beta-hemolytic streptococci and "Listeria monocytogenes" (which is actually a gram-positive bacillus) should not be confused with nonhemolytic streptococci.


title: Streptococcus

text: Group F streptococci were first described in 1934 by Long and Bliss amongst the "minute haemolytic streptococci". They are also known as "Streptococcus anginosus" (according to the Lancefield classification system) or as members of the "S. milleri" group (according to the European system).


title: Streptococcus

text: These streptococci are usually, but not exclusively, beta-hemolytic. "Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. canis" is the predominant subspecies encountered. It is a particularly common GGS in humans, although it is typically found on animals. "S. phocae" is a GGS subspecies that has been found in marine mammals and marine fish species. In marine mammals it has been mainly associated with meningoencephalitis, sepsis, and endocarditis, but is also associated with many other pathologies. Its environmental reservoir and means of transmission in marine mammals is not well characterized.


title: Streptococcus

text: Group H streptococci cause infections in medium-sized canines. Group H streptococci rarely cause human illness unless a human has direct contact with the mouth of a canine. One of the most common ways this can be spread is human-to-canine, mouth-to-mouth contact. However, the canine may lick the human's hand and infection can be spread, as well.


title: Streptococcus

text: Streptococci have been divided into six groups on the basis of their 16S rDNA sequences: "S. anginosus, S. gallolyticus, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. pyogenes" and "S. salivarius". The 16S groups have been confirmed by whole genome sequencing (see figure). The important pathogens "S. pneumoniae" and "S. pyogenes" belong to the "S. mitis" and "S. pyogenes" groups, respectively, while the causative agent of dental caries, "Streptococcus mutans", is basal to the "Streptococcus" group.


title: Streptococcus

text: Recent technological advances have resulted in an increase of available genome sequences for "Streptococcus" species, allowing for more robust and reliable phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses to be conducted. In 2018, the evolutionary relationships within "Streptococcus" was re-examined by Patel and Gupta through the analysis of comprehensive phylogenetic trees constructed based on four different datasets of proteins and the identification of 134 highly specific molecular signatures (in the form of conserved signature indels) that are exclusively shared by the entire genus or its distinct subclades.


title: Streptococcus

text: The results revealed the presence of two main clades at the highest level within "Streptococcus", termed the “Mitis-Suis” and “Pyogenes-Equinus-Mutans” clades. The “Mitis-Suis” main clade comprises the Suis subclade and the Mitis clade, which encompasses the Angiosus, Pneumoniae, Gordonii and Parasanguinis subclades. The second main clade, the “Pyogenes-Equinus-Mutans”, includes the Pyogenes, Mutans, Salivarius, Equinus, Sobrinus, Halotolerans, Porci, Entericus and Orisratti subclades. In total, 14 distinct subclades have been identified within the genus "Streptococcus", each supported by reliable branching patterns in phylogenetic trees and by the presence of multiple conserved signature indels in different proteins that are distinctive characteristics of the members of these 14 clades. A summary diagram showing the overall relationships among the "Streptococcus" based on these studies is depicted in a figure on this page.


title: Streptococcus

text: The genomes of hundreds of species have been sequenced. Most "Streptococcus" genomes are 1.8 to 2.3 Mb in size and encode 1,700 to 2,300 proteins. Some important genomes are listed in the table. The four species shown in the table ("S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae", and "S. mutans") have an average pairwise protein sequence identity of about 70%.


title: Streptococcus

text: Bacteriophages have been described for many species of "Streptococcus". 18 prophages have been described in "S. pneumoniae" that range in size from 38 to 41 kb in size, encoding from 42 to 66 genes each. Some of the first "Streptococcus" phages discovered were Dp-1


title: Streptococcus

text: In 1981 the Cp (Complutense phage 1, officially "Streptococcus virus Cp1", "Picovirinae") family was discovered with Cp-1 as its first member. Dp-1 and Cp-1 infect both "S. pneumoniae" and "S. mitis". However, the host ranges of most "Streptococcus" phages have not been investigated systematically.


title: Streptococcus

text: Natural genetic transformation involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through the surrounding medium. Transformation is a complex process dependent on expression of numerous genes. To be capable of transformation a bacterium must enter a special physiologic state referred to as competence. "S. pneumoniae", "S. mitis" and "S. oralis" can become competent, and as a result actively acquire homologous DNA for transformation by a predatory fratricidal mechanism This fratricidal mechanism mainly exploits non-competent siblings present in the same niche Among highly competent isolates of "S. pneumoniae", Li et al. showed that nasal colonization fitness and virulence (lung infectivity) depend on an intact competence system. Competence may allow the streptococcal pathogen to use external homologous DNA for recombinational repair of DNA damages caused by the hosts oxidative attack.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Glenn Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative political commentator, radio host, entrepreneur, and television producer. He is the CEO, founder, and owner of Mercury Radio Arts, the parent company of his television and radio network TheBlaze. He hosts the "Glenn Beck Radio Program", a talk-radio show nationally syndicated on Premiere Radio Networks. Beck also hosts the "Glenn Beck" television program, which ran from January 2006 to October 2008 on HLN, from January 2009 to June 2011 on Fox News and now airs on TheBlaze. Beck has authored six "New York Times"–bestselling books.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In April 2011, Beck announced that he would "transition off of his daily program" on Fox News, but would continue to team with Fox. His last daily show on Fox was June 30, 2011. In 2012, "The Hollywood Reporter" placed Beck on its Digital Power Fifty list. Beck launched TheBlaze in 2011 after leaving Fox News. He hosts an hour-long afternoon program, "The Glenn Beck Program", on weekdays, and a three-hour morning radio show; both are broadcast on TheBlaze. Beck is also the producer of TheBlaze's "For the Record".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has received both praise and criticism, characterized by his supporters as a defender of traditional American values and by his detractors as a demagogue. During Barack Obama's presidency, Beck promoted conspiracy theories about Obama, his administration, George Soros, and others.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck was born in Everett, Washington, the son of Mary Clara (née Janssen) and William Beck, who lived in Mountlake Terrace, Washington, at the time of their son's birth. The family later moved to Mount Vernon, Washington, where they owned and operated City Bakery in the downtown area. He is descended from German immigrants who came to the United States in the 19th century. Beck was raised as a Roman Catholic and attended Immaculate Conception Catholic School in Mount Vernon.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck and his sister moved with their mother to Sumner, Washington, attending a Jesuit school in Puyallup. On May 15, 1979, while out on a small boat with a companion, Beck's mother drowned just west of Tacoma, Washington, in Puget Sound. The man who had taken her out in the boat also drowned. According to a Tacoma police report, Mary Beck "appeared to be a classic drowning victim", but a Coast Guard investigator speculated that she could have intentionally jumped overboard. Beck has called his mother's death a suicide in interviews.


title: Glenn Beck

text: After their mother's death, Beck and his sister moved to their father's home in Bellingham, Washington, where Beck graduated from Sehome High School in June 1982. Beck also regularly vacationed with his maternal grandparents, Ed and Clara Janssen, in Iowa. In the aftermath of his mother's death and his stepbrother's subsequent suicide, Beck has said he used "Dr. Jack Daniel's" to cope. At 18, after graduating from high school, he moved to Provo, Utah, and worked at radio station KAYK. Feeling he "didn't fit in", Beck left Utah after six months, taking a job at Washington, D.C.'s WPGC in February 1983.


title: Glenn Beck

text: While working at WPGC, Beck met his first wife, Claire. They married in 1983 and had two daughters, Mary and Hannah. Mary developed cerebral palsy as a result of a series of strokes at birth in 1988. The couple divorced in 1994 amid Beck's struggles with substance abuse. He is a recovering alcoholic and drug addict, and has said he has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Beck later admitted that the family problems ranging from the divorce to his substance abuse had a severe negative impact on his children.


title: Glenn Beck

text: By 1994, Beck was suicidal, and imagined shooting himself to the music of Kurt Cobain. He credits Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) with helping him achieve sobriety. He said he stopped drinking alcohol and smoking cannabis in November 1994, the same month he attended his first AA meeting. Beck later said that he had gotten high every day for the previous 15 years, since the age of 16.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 1996, while working for a New Haven area radio station, Beck took a theology class at Yale University, with a written recommendation from Senator Joe Lieberman, a Yale alumnus who was a fan of Beck's show at the time. Beck enrolled in an "Early Christology" course, but soon withdrew, marking the extent of his post-secondary education.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck then began a "spiritual quest" in which he "sought out answers in churches and bookstores". As he later recounted in his books and stage performances, Beck's first attempt at self-education involved reading the work of six wide-ranging authors, constituting what Beck jokingly calls "the library of a serial killer": Alan Dershowitz, Pope John Paul II, Adolf Hitler, Billy Graham, Carl Sagan, and Friedrich Nietzsche. During this time, Beck's Mormon friend and former radio partner Pat Gray argued in favor of the "comprehensive worldview" offered by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an offer that Beck rejected until a few years later. (Later, after moving to the New York City area, he had a consultation with Graham, which he said affected him strongly.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 1999, Beck married his second wife, Tania. After they went looking for a faith on a church tour together, they joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in October 1999, partly at the urging of his daughter Mary. Beck was baptized by his old friend and Pat Gray. Beck and Tania have two children together. Until April 2011, the couple lived in New Canaan, Connecticut, with the four children.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In July 2010 Beck announced that he had been diagnosed with macular dystrophy, saying, "A couple of weeks ago I went to the doctor because of my eyes. I can't focus my eyes. He did all kinds of tests and he said, 'you have macular dystrophy ... you could go blind in the next year. Or, you might not. The disorder can make it difficult to read, drive or recognize faces.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In July 2011, Beck leased a house in the Fort Worth suburb of Westlake, Texas. In 2012, he moved his main TV and radio studios to Dallas, Texas.


title: Glenn Beck

text: On November 10, 2014, Beck announced on TheBlaze that he had been suffering from a severe neurological disorder for at least the last five years. He described many strong and debilitating symptoms that made it difficult for him to work, and also announced that he had "a string of health issues that quite honestly made me look crazy, and quite honestly, I have felt crazy because of them". Beck said that a chiropractor who specializes in "chiropractic neurology", Frederick Carrick, had "diagnosed [him] with several health issues, including an autoimmune disorder, which he didn't name, and adrenal fatigue." Over ten months he had received a series of treatments and felt better. On January 13, 2022, Beck announced that his second case of COVID-19 was "getting into my lungs".


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2002, Beck created the media platform Mercury Radio Arts as the umbrella over his broadcast, publishing, Internet, and live show interests. Beck founded Mercury Radio Arts in 2002, naming it after the Orson Welles' Mercury Theatre, which produced live radio broadcasts during the 1930s. The company produces all of Beck's productions, including his eponymous radio show, books, live stage shows, and his official website.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 1983, Beck moved to Corpus Christi, Texas, to work at radio station KZFM. In mid-1985, he was hired away from KZFM to be the lead DJ for WRKA's morning-drive radio broadcast in Louisville, Kentucky. His four-hour weekday show was called "Captain Beck and the A-Team". Beck had a reputation as a "young up-and-comer". The show was not political and included the genre's usual off-color antics: juvenile jokes, pranks, and impersonations. It slipped to third in the market and Beck left abruptly in 1987 amid a dispute with WRKA management.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Months later, Beck was hired by Phoenix Top-40 station KOY-FM, then known as Y-95. Beck was partnered with Arizona native Tim Hattrick to co-host a local "morning zoo" program. During his time at Y-95, Beck cultivated a rivalry with local pop radio station KZZP and that station's morning host Bruce Kelly. Through practical jokes and publicity stunts, Beck drew criticism from the staff at Y-95 when the rivalry culminated in Beck telephoning Kelly's wife on the air, mocking her recent miscarriage. In 1989, Beck resigned from Y-95 to accept a job in Houston at KRBE, known as Power 104. He was fired in 1990 due to poor ratings.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck then moved to Baltimore, Maryland, and the city's leading Top-40 station, WBSB, known as B104. There, he partnered with Pat Gray, a morning DJ. During his tenure at B104, Beck was arrested and jailed for speeding in his DeLorean. According to a former associate, Beck was "completely out of it" when a station manager went to bail him out. After Gray and Beck were fired, they spent six months in Baltimore, planning their next move. In early 1992, they moved to WKCI-FM (KC101), a Top-40 radio station in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1995, WKCI apologized after Beck and Gray mocked a Chinese-American caller on air who felt offended by a comedy segment by playing a gong sound effect and having executive producer Alf Gatineau mock a Chinese accent. That incident led to protests by activist groups. When Gray left the show to move to Salt Lake City, Beck continued with co-host Vinnie Penn. At the end of 1998, Beck was informed that his contract would not be renewed at the end of 1999.


title: Glenn Beck

text: The "Glenn Beck Program" first aired in 2000 on WFLA (AM) in Tampa, and took its afternoon time slot from 18th to first place within a year. In January 2002, Premiere Radio Networks launched the show nationwide on 47 stations. The show then moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, broadcasting from new flagship station WPHT. On November 5, 2007, "The New York Times" reported that Premiere Radio Networks was extending Beck's contract. By May 2008, it had reached over 280 terrestrial stations as well as XM Satellite. It was ranked fourth in the nation with over 6.5 million listeners. , Beck was tied for fourth in the ratings, behind Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, and Dave Ramsey.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In January 2006, CNN's "Headline News" announced that Beck would host a nightly news-commentary show in its new prime-time block "Headline Prime". The show, simply called "Glenn Beck", aired weeknights. "CNN Headline News" called the show "an unconventional look at the news of the day featuring his often amusing perspective". At the end of his tenure at CNN-HLN, Beck had the second-largest audience, behind Nancy Grace. In 2008, he won the Marconi Radio Award for Network Syndicated Personality of the Year.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In October 2008, it was announced that Beck would join the Fox News Channel, leaving CNN Headline News. After moving to Fox, Beck hosted "Glenn Beck", beginning in January 2009, as well as a weekend version. One of his first guests was Alaska Governor Sarah Palin. He also had a regular segment on Fridays, "At Your Beck and Call", on the Fox News Channel program "The O'Reilly Factor". , Beck's program drew more viewers than all three competing time-slot shows combined on CNN, MSNBC and HLN.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck's show's high ratings did not come without controversy. "The Washington Post"s Howard Kurtz reported that Beck's use of "distorted or inflammatory rhetoric" had complicated the channel's and its journalists' efforts to neutralize White House criticism that Fox is not really a news organization. Television analyst Andrew Tyndall echoed these sentiments, saying that Beck's incendiary style had created "a real crossroads for Fox News", saying, "they're right on the cusp of losing their image as a news organization."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In April 2011, Fox News and Mercury Radio Arts, Beck's production company, announced that Beck would "transition off of his daily program" on Fox News in 2011. His last day at Fox was later announced as June 30. FNC and Beck announced that he would team with Fox to produce a slate of projects for Fox News and its digital properties. Fox News head Roger Ailes later referenced Beck's entrepreneurialism and political movement activism, saying, "His [Beck's] goals were different from our goals ... I need people focused on a daily television show." Beck hosted his last daily show on Fox on June 30, 2011, when he recounted the accomplishments of the show and said, "This show has become a movement. It's not a TV show, and that's why it doesn't belong on television anymore. It belongs in your homes. It belongs in your neighborhoods." In response to critics who said he was fired, Beck pointed out that his final show was airing live. Immediately after the show he did an interview on his new GBTV internet television channel.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck's Fox News one-hour show ended on June 30, 2011, and a new two-hour show began his television network, which started as a subscription-based internet TV network, TheBlaze TV, originally called GBTV, on September 12, 2011. Using a subscription model, it was estimated that Beck was on track to generate $27 million in his first year of operation. This was later upgraded to $40 million by "The Wall Street Journal" when subscriptions topped 300,000. On September 12, 2012, TheBlaze TV announced that the Dish Network would begin carrying TheBlaze TV. TheBlaze is now available on over 90 television providers, with 11 of those being in the national top 25.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Mercury Ink has a co-publishing deal with Simon & Schuster and was founded by Glenn Beck in 2011 as the publishing imprint of Mercury Radio Arts. Started in 2011, Mercury Ink publishes adult and young adult novels and non-fiction titles. Authors signed to Mercury Ink include Beck and New York Times best seller Richard Paul Evans.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has reached No. 1 on "The New York Times" Bestseller List in four separate categories : Hardcover Non-Fiction, Paperback Non-Fiction, Hardcover Fiction, and Children's Picture Books.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Since 2005, Beck has toured American cities twice a year, presenting a one-man stage show. His stage productions are a mix of stand-up comedy and inspirational speaking. In a critique of his live act, "Salon" magazine's Steve Almond describes Beck as a "wildly imaginative performer, a man who weds the operatic impulses of the demagogue to the grim mutterings of the conspiracy theorist". A show from the "Beck '08 Unelectable Tour" was shown in around 350 U.S. movie theaters.


title: Glenn Beck

text: The finale of 2009's "Common Sense Comedy Tour" was simulcast in over 440 theaters. The events have drawn 200,000 fans in recent years.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In March 2003, Beck ran a series of rallies, which he called Glenn Beck's Rally for America, in support of troops deployed for the upcoming Iraq War. On July 4, 2007, he hosted the 2007 Toyota Tundra "Stadium of Fire" in Provo, Utah. America's Freedom Foundation presents the annual event at LaVell Edwards Stadium at Brigham Young University. In May 2008, Beck gave the keynote speech at the NRA convention in Louisville, Kentucky.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In late August 2009, the mayor of Beck's hometown, Mount Vernon, Washington, announced that he would award Beck the Key to the City, designating September 26, 2009, as "Glenn Beck Day". Due to local opposition, the city council voted unanimously to disassociate itself from the award. The key presentation ceremony sold out the 850-seat McIntyre Hall and an estimated 800 detractors and supporters demonstrated outside the building. Earlier that day, approximately 7,000 people attended the Evergreen Freedom Foundation's "Take the Field with Glenn Beck" at Seattle's Safeco Field.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In December 2009, Beck produced a one-night special film, "The Christmas Sweater: A Return to Redemption". In January and February 2010, he teamed with fellow Fox News host Bill O'Reilly to tour several cities in a live stage show called "The Bold and Fresh Tour 2010". The January 29 show was recorded and broadcast to movie theaters throughout the country.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In July 2013, Beck produced and hosted a one-night stage event, "Man in the Moon", held at the USANA Amphitheatre in West Valley City, Utah. The amphitheater sold out all 20,000 of its seats and a recording of the event was released on television and DVD in August 2013. The event was a narrative story told from the moon's point of view, from the beginnings of the Book of Genesis to the first moon landing. The moon narrates the story.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2011, Beck founded the nonprofit organization Mercury One, which is designed to sustain itself through its entrepreneurship without grants or donations. In early 2011, he began work toward developing a clothing line to be sold to benefit the charity. In October 2011, Mercury One began selling the upscale clothing line "1791" exclusively at its website, 1791.com. The clothing in the line's 11-piece inaugural offering was manufactured by American Mojo of Lowell, Massachusetts.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In July 2014, after tens of thousands of undocumented immigrant children crossed into Texas via the Southern United States border, unaccompanied by parents, Beck announced that he, Senator Mike Lee, and Representative Louie Gohmert would travel to the U.S.-Mexico border with Mercury One. He said they would bring tractor trailers full of food, hot meals, and teddy bears for the unaccompanied minors. While Beck made clear in interviews that they wanted a full repeal of DACA, he also said he believed in the importance of helping these children. "Through no fault of their own, they are caught in political crossfire, and while we continue to put pressure on Washington and change its course of lawlessness, we must also help", Beck said. "It is not either/or. It is both. We have to be active in the political game, and we must open our hearts."


title: Glenn Beck

text: As of 2017, Beck's Nazarene Fund had reportedly relocated 10,524 Christian refugees from northern Iraq and Syria to other host countries, including the U.S., Australia, France, Slovakia, Greece, Lebanon, Brazil, and Canada. The fund's website says 1,646 families have been evacuated from the ISIS-ravaged region since its launch in 2014, and 45,000 people have received humanitarian aid as a result of donations to Mercury One.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In March 2009, Beck put together a campaign, the 9-12 Project, named after nine principles and 12 values that he says embody the spirit of the American people on the day after the September 11 attacks. The Colorado 9-12 Project hosted a "Patriot Camp" for kids in grades 1–5, featuring programs on "our Constitution, the Founding Fathers, and the values and principles that are the cornerstones of our nation".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck promoted and hosted the Restoring Honor rally at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 2010. The rally—which purported to embrace religious faith and patriotism—was co-sponsored by the Special Operations Warrior Foundation, promoted by FreedomWorks, and supported by the Tea Party movement. Attendance was estimated at 87,000 (± 9,000) based on aerial photos.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In December 2010, Beck went to Wilmington, Ohio, a town devastated by the late-2000s recession, to host live events to encourage his fans to go to the town to boost the local economy in a project called "America's First Christmas". He hosted an event and his radio and television shows from the local theater.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck headlined his "Restoring Courage" events in Jerusalem, Israel, in August 2011 in a campaign he said was designed to encourage people worldwide "to stand with the Jewish people". After Jerusalem, Beck visited Cape Town, South Africa, and was scheduled to visit Venezuela.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Actively supporting Mitt Romney as "perhaps the best-known Mormon after the Republican presidential candidate and a major influence on evangelical Christians, ... Beck has emerged as an unlikely theological bridge between the first Mormon presidential nominee and a critical electorate [evangelicals]", according to a pre-election article in "The New York Times". Along with personal campaign appearances in Ohio and Iowa, Beck directly addressed doctrinal issues between Mormons and evangelical Christians (the latter often consider the former a "cult" rather than Christian) on his radio show in September 2012. During the one-hour show, he asked his audience, "Does Mitt Romney's Mormonism make him too scary or weird to be elected president of the United States?" The article concluded by addressing the "fear of making Mormonism mainstream" as a reason Beck could be acceptable to evangelicals and Romney not be, quoting John C. Green, the author of "The Faith Factor: How Religion Influences American Elections":


title: Glenn Beck

text: There's a difference between a public figure like Glenn Beck and someone who could be the president of the United States. ... Many evangelicals believe this country was founded by Christian leaders. It is important that the person in the White House be positive about Christianity, if not a devout Christian himself.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In August 2012, Beck held a rally at AT&T Stadium in Irving, Texas. The event's theme was service to one's fellow citizens, and loving each other. The event saw a "Day of Service", which saw Mercury One volunteering to feed homeless and disadvantaged people, doing community-building projects, and mowing lawns. It culminated in a keynote speech by Beck imploring the audience to "commit to each other. Go home and wake up your neighbors." Of serving fellow Americans, Beck said, "Those who count us out are counting on one weekend of action, one weekend of speeches. One weekend. One day. Please, my fellow countrymen, let this be the first of many."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In August 2015, Beck and Mercury Radio Arts organized a rally that saw a little over 20,000 people march through the streets of Birmingham, Alabama, in a statement of unity and support for persecuted Christians in Iraq, a cause Mercury One focuses on, and as a call for unity among the American people. After the march, the Birmingham-Jefferson Convention Complex held a rally featuring speakers including Beck, Ted Cruz, Rafael Cruz, Jon Voight, Alveda King, and David Barton.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has called himself a conservative with libertarian leanings. Among his core values, he lists personal responsibility, private charity, the right to life, freedom of religion, limited government, and the family as the cornerstone of society. Beck believes in low national debt, and has said, "A conservative believes that debt creates unhealthy relationships. Everyone, from the government on down, should live within their means and strive for financial independence." He supports individual gun ownership rights, opposes gun control legislation, and supports the NRA and its state chapters.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He contests the evidence, and has said, "There is more proof for the resurrection of Jesus than man-made climate change." He views the American Clean Energy and Security Act as a form of wealth redistribution, and he has promoted a petition rejecting the Kyoto Protocol.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Although opposed to illegal immigration, Beck announced in 2014 that Mercury One would make efforts to provide food and relief to the large numbers of migrant children. His move was praised by supporters of immigrant rights and freer migration but met with considerable pushback from his supporter base.


title: Glenn Beck

text: On March 18, 2015, Beck announced that he had left the Republican Party, saying that it had failed to effectively stand against Obamacare and immigration reform, and because of its opposition to lawmakers such as Mike Lee and Ted Cruz.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck endorsed Cruz for president of the United States in 2016. In October 2016, Beck called opposing Donald Trump a "moral, ethical choice". On the campaign trail in support of Cruz, Beck said, "If Donald Trump wins, it is going to be a snowball to hell." After Cruz dropped out of the race, Beck endorsed independent Evan McMullin.


title: Glenn Beck

text: On May 18, 2018, on his radio show, Beck predicted Trump would win the 2020 United States presidential election in a "landslide", saying, "Here's why I'm predicting a 2020 win. When I saw yesterday how the press was all reporting the same damn storythat Donald Trump was calling MS-13 gang membersthey left that out of the story, 'animals'. They were spinning it as if he was saying that about all immigrants. I had enough. I've had enough ... Gladly, I'll vote for [President Trump] in 2020 and not really even on his record, which we'll talk about here in a second, is pretty damn amazing." Beck went on to say, "I'll vote for him in 2020", and donned a Make America Great Again hat on his television show.


title: Glenn Beck

text: During his 2010 keynote speech to the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), Beck wrote "progressivism" on a chalkboard and declared, "This is the disease. This is the disease in America", adding that "progressivism is the cancer in America and it is eating our Constitution!" According to Beck, the progressive ideas of men such as John Dewey, Herbert Croly, and Walter Lippmann, influenced the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, eventually becoming the foundation for President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Beck has said that such progressivism infects both main political parties and threatens to "destroy America as it was originally conceived". In his book "Common Sense", he argues that "progressivism has less to do with the parties and more to do with individuals who seek to redefine, reshape, and rebuild America into a country where individual liberties and personal property mean nothing if they conflict with the plans and goals of the State."


title: Glenn Beck

text: A collection of progressives whom Beck has called "Crime Inc." make up what he contends is a clandestine conspiracy to take over and transform the United States.<ref name="5/17/2010">"Crime Inc.: Redistribution of Wealth", "Glenn Beck Program", May 17, 2010</ref> Some of these include Cass Sunstein, Van Jones, Andy Stern, John Podesta, Wade Rathke, Joel Rogers and Francis Fox Piven. Other figures Beck has tied to "Crime Inc." include Al Gore, Franklin Raines,<ref name="4/30/2010">"Glenn Beck: Crime Inc.", "Glenn Beck Program", April 30, 2010</ref> Maurice Strong, George Soros,<ref name="6/22/2010">Glenn Beck:' Soros Poised to Profit?" Fox News, June 22, 2010</ref> John Holdren and Barack Obama. According to Beck, these people already have or are surreptitiously working to fulfill their agenda with an array of organizations and corporations such as Goldman Sachs, Fannie Mae, ACORN, Apollo Alliance, Tides Center, Chicago Climate Exchange, Generation Investment Management, Enterprise Community Partners, Petrobras, Center for American Progress, and the SEIU. In his quest to root out these "progressives", Beck has compared himself to Israeli Nazi hunters, vowing on his radio show that "to the day I die I am going to be a progressive-hunter. I'm going to find these people that have done this to our country and expose them. I don't care if they're in nursing homes." Beck compared Al Gore to the Nazis while equating the campaign against global warming to the Nazi campaign against the Jews.


title: Glenn Beck

text: According to the book "The Philosophy of Conspiracy Theories", Beck "believes in the existence of a large-scale, long-term socialist conspiracy – encompassing elements of both the Democratic and Republican Parties – to deny American citizens their God-given rights to liberty and freedom from taxation."


title: Glenn Beck

text: Progressive historian Sean Wilentz has denounced what he calls Beck's progressive-themed conspiracy theories and "gross historical inaccuracies", contending that Beck is merely echoing the decades-old "right-wing extremism" of the John Birch Society. According to Wilentz, Beck's "version of history" places him in a long line of figures who have challenged mainstream political historians and presented an inaccurate opposing view as the truth, stating:


title: Glenn Beck

text: Conservative David Frum, a former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, has also alleged Beck's propensity for negationism, remarking, "Beck offers a story about the American past for people who are feeling right now very angry and alienated. It is different enough from the usual story in that he makes them feel like they've got access to secret knowledge."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2020, Beck argued that the election of Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders could lead to "another Holocaust."


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck promoted numerous conspiracy theories and falsehoods about President Barack Obama and the Obama administration. He suggested that Obama was building FEMA concentration camps to put opponents in, that Obama was planning to fake a terrorist attack such as the Oklahoma City bombing to boost the administration's popularity, and that Obama was George Soros's "puppet". He often likened Obama and his administration to Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich. Beck falsely claimed that the John Holdren, who led the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Obama administration, "proposed forcing abortions and putting sterilants in the drinking water to control population."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2009, Beck argued that Obama had repeatedly shown "a deep-seated hatred for white people or the white culture", saying, "I'm not saying he doesn't like white people. I'm saying he has a problem. This guy is, I believe, a racist." These remarks drew criticism and resulted in a boycott in which at least 57 advertisers requested that their ads be removed from his programming. He later apologized for the remarks, telling Fox News Sunday anchor Chris Wallace that he has a "big fat mouth" and miscast as racism what is actually, as he theorizes, Obama's belief in black theology. In November 2012, Beck attempted to auction a mason jar holding an Obama figurine described as submerged in urine but in fact submerged in beer. Bidding reached $11,000 before eBay decided to remove the auction and cancel all bids.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In a 2016 interview with "The New Yorker", Beck said of his commentary on Obama: "I did a lot of freaking out about Barack Obama." He added, "Obama made me a better man." Beck said that he regrets calling Obama a racist and supports Black Lives Matter. He said, "There are things unique to the African-American experience that I cannot relate to. I had to listen to them."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In July 2009, Beck began to focus many episodes on his TV and radio shows on Van Jones, special advisor for Green Jobs at Obama's White House Council on Environmental Quality. Beck called Jones a "self-avowed, radical revolutionary communist". PolitiFact rated Beck's claim "mostly false", noting that Jones, who has been open about his past as a communist during the early 1990s, had since expressed firmly capitalist beliefs.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck also criticized Jones for his involvement in STORM, a Bay Area radical group with Marxist roots, and his support for death row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal, who had been convicted of killing a police officer. Beck spotlighted a video of Jones calling Republicans "assholes", and a petition Jones signed suggesting that George W. Bush knowingly let the September 11 attacks happen. "Time" magazine credited Beck with leading conservatives' attack on Jones.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In a move "The New York Times" called a White House response to the controversies, Jones said that "the agenda of this president was bigger than any one individual" and resigned his position in September 2009. Jones called his opponents' attacks as a "vicious smear campaign" and an effort to use "lies and distortions to distract and divide".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Cass Sunstein, Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama White House, was a frequent target of Beck's conspiracy theories. Beck led opposition against Sunstein's nomination to the position, calling Sunstein "the most dangerous man in America" and suggesting that Sunstein was plotting ways to "ban" conspiracy theorizing.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2009, Beck and other conservative commentators were critical of Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) making multiple claims including voter registration fraud in the 2008 presidential election. In September 2009, he broadcast a series of alleged undercover videos by conservative activists James O'Keefe and Hannah Giles, which portrayed ACORN community organizers offering inappropriate tax and other advice to people who had said they wanted to import "very young" girls from El Salvador to work as child prostitutes. Following the videos' release, the U.S. Census Bureau severed ties with the group while the U.S. House and Senate voted to cut all of its federal funding.


title: Glenn Beck

text: On December 7, 2009, the former Massachusetts Attorney General, after an independent internal investigation of ACORN, found the videos that had been released appeared to have been edited, "in some cases substantially". He found no evidence of criminal conduct by ACORN employees, but concluded that ACORN had poor management practices that contributed to unprofessional actions by a number of its low-level employees. On March 1, 2010, the District Attorney's office for Brooklyn determined that the videos were "heavily edited" and concluded that there was no criminal wrongdoing by the ACORN staff in the videos from the Brooklyn ACORN office. On April 1, 2010, an investigation by the California Attorney General found the videos from Los Angeles, San Diego and San Bernardino to be "heavily edited", and the investigation did not find evidence of criminal conduct on the part of ACORN employees. On June 14, 2010, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) released its findings, which showed that ACORN evidenced no sign that it, or any of its related organizations, mishandled any federal money they had received. In March 2010, ACORN announced it would be closing its offices and disbanding due to loss of funding from government and private donors.


title: Glenn Beck

text: According to a 2010 study in the journal "Perspectives on Politics", Beck played a prominent role in media attacks on ACORN.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2009, lawyers for Beck brought a case ("Beck v. Eiland-Hall") against the owner of a satirical website named "GlennBeckRapedAndMurderedAYoungGirlIn1990.com" with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The claim that the domain name of the website is itself defamatory was described as a first in cyberlaw. Beck's lawyers argued that the site infringed on his trademarked name and that the domain name should be turned over to Beck. The WIPO ruled against Beck, but Eiland-Hall voluntarily transferred the domain to Beck anyway, saying that the First Amendment had been upheld and that he no longer had a use for the domain name.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In January 2011, in protest against what they saw as inappropriate references to the Holocaust and to Nazis by Beck (and by Roger Ailes of Fox News), four hundred rabbis signed an open letter published as a paid advertisement in "The Wall Street Journal". The ad was paid for by Jewish Funds for Justice (JFFJ), which had previously called for Beck's firing. The JFFJ have claimed on their website that Beck seems "to draw his material straight from the anti-Semitic forgery, the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"". The letter states that Beck and Fox had "diminish[ed] the memory and meaning of the Holocaust when you use it to discredit any individual or organization you disagree with. That is what Fox News has done in recent weeks." In response, a Fox News executive told Reuters the letter was from a "George Soros-backed leftwing political organization".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck is a prominent proponent of conspiracy theories about George Soros, a Jewish philanthropist. Beck falsely claimed that Soros as a boy helped to "send the Jews to the death camps." Beck frequently referred to Soros as a puppet-master and repeated the unsubstantiated conspiracy theory that Soros caused the 1997 Asian financial crisis. In 2010, Beck was accused of being anti-Semitic due to his smears against Soros. The Anti-Defamation League said Beck's remarks about Soros sending Jews to the death camps were "horrific" and "totally off-limits."


title: Glenn Beck

text: On February 22, 2011, during a discussion on his radio show about the controversy surrounding his earlier comments about Soros, Beck said "Reform Rabbis are generally political in nature. It's almost like radicalized Islam in a way where it's less about religion than it is about politics." He was quickly criticized by other conservatives, rabbis, and others. The Anti-Defamation League labeled Beck's remarks "bigoted ignorance". On February 24, Beck apologized on air, agreeing that his comments were "ignorant".


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2016, Beck, a friend of actor and director Mel Gibson claimed he and Gibson shared a conversation in which Gibson claimed Jewish people had stolen a copy of "The Passion of the Christ" before its official theatrical release, and that Jewish people were assaulting him in the streets.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck condemned the 2011 Norway attacks, but was condemned for his comparison of murdered and surviving members of the Norwegian Workers' Youth League to the Hitler Youth. He said, "There was a shooting at a political camp which sounds a little like, you know, the Hitler Youth or whatever, you know what I mean. Who does a camp for kids that's all about politics? Disturbing." The statement was ill-received in Norway, prompting political commentator and Labour party member Frank Aarebrot to label Beck as a "vulgar propagandist", a "swine" and a "fascist", and Torbjørn Eriksen, former press secretary to Norway's prime minister Jens Stoltenberg, to describe Beck's comment as "a new low", adding that "Glenn Beck's comments are ignorant, incorrect and extremely hurtful". Commentators pointed out that groups affiliated with the Tea Party movement and the Beck-founded 9–12 Project also sponsor politically oriented camp programs for children.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck opposed Donald Trump during his 2016 campaign for president, comparing him to Adolf Hitler and describing him as "an immoral man who is absent decency or dignity."


title: Glenn Beck

text: Sirius XM suspended Beck on May 31, 2016, for remarks made during an interview a week earlier. During an interview with author Brad Thor about a hypothetical situation where Trump was abusing his power as president and Congress was unable to stop him, Thor asked "what patriot will step up and [assassinate him] if, if, he oversteps his mandate as president?" Thor and the show's general manager both denied that the comments were a call for his assassination. Beck's radio show was moved from the SIRIUS XM Patriot channel to the "Triumph" channel soon after.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck's opposition to Trump did not sit well with many Trump supporters and hurt his businesses and viewership. On May 18, 2018, Beck stated on his radio program that he intended to vote for Trump in the 2020 presidential election, calling Trump's record "pretty damn amazing". Beck said Trump's defeat in the 2020 election would be "the end of the country as we know it."


title: Glenn Beck

text: An author with ideological influence on Beck is W. Cleon Skousen (1913–2006), a prolific conservative political writer, American constitutionalist and faith based political theorist. As an anti-communist supporter of the John Birch Society, and a limited-government activist, Skousen, who was Mormon, wrote on a wide range of subjects: the Six-Day War, Mormon eschatology, New World Order conspiracies, even parenting. Skousen believed that American political, social, and economic elites were working with communists to foist a world government on the United States. Beck praised Skousen's "words of wisdom" as "divinely inspired", referencing Skousen's "The Naked Communist" and especially "The 5,000 Year Leap" (originally published in 1981), which Beck said in 2007 had "changed his life". According to Skousen's nephew, Mark Skousen, "Leap" reflects Skousen's "passion for the United States Constitution", which he "felt was inspired by God and the reason behind America's success as a nation". The book is recommended by Beck as "required reading" to understand the current American political landscape and become a "September twelfth person". Beck authored a foreword for the 2008 edition of "Leap" and Beck's on-air recommendations in 2009 propelled the book to number one in the government category on Amazon for several months. In 2010, Matthew Continetti of the conservative "Weekly Standard" criticized Beck's conspiratorial bent, terming him "a Skousenite". Additionally, Alexander Zaitchik, author of the 2010 book "", which features an entire chapter on "The Ghost of Cleon Skousen", refers to Skousen as "Beck's favorite author and biggest influence", while observing he authored four of the 10 books on Beck's 9-12 Project required-reading list.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In his discussion of Beck and Skousen, Continetti said that one of Skousen's works "draws on Carroll Quigley's "Tragedy and Hope" (1966), which argues that the history of the 20th century is the product of secret societies in conflict". He observed in Beck's novel, "The Overton Window" (which Beck describes as "faction", or fiction based on fact), a character says: "Carroll Quigley laid open the plan in "Tragedy and Hope", the only hope to avoid the tragedy of war was to bind together the economies of the world to foster global stability and peace."


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck's views on early-20th-century progressivism are greatly influenced by Ronald J. Pestritto, who teaches at Hillsdale College. The portal page GlennBeck.com for "American Progressivism" uses Pestritto's teachings and links directly to one of his books. Pestritto wrote an article for "The Wall Street Journal" detailing "Glenn Beck, Progressives and Me". "The New York Times" observed that Pestritto was a regular guest on Beck's Fox News show, .


title: Glenn Beck

text: Princeton University historian Sean Wilentz says that alongside Skousen, John Birch Society founder Robert W. Welch, Jr., is a key ideological foundation of Beck's worldview. According to Wilentz, Beck "has brought neo-Birchite ideas to an audience beyond any that Welch or Skousen might have dreamed of."


title: Glenn Beck

text: Other books that Beck regularly cites on his programs are Amity Shlaes's "", Jonah Goldberg's "Liberal Fascism", Larry Schweikart and Michael Allen's "A Patriot's History of the United States", and Burton W. Folsom, Jr.'s "New Deal or Raw Deal". Beck has also urged his listeners to read "The Coming Insurrection", a book by a French Marxist group discussing what they see as the imminent collapse of capitalist culture.


title: Glenn Beck

text: On June 4, 2010, Beck endorsed Elizabeth Dilling's 1936 work "The Red Network: A Who's Who and Handbook of Radicalism for Patriots", remarking, "this is a book, "The Red Network", this came in from 1936. People, [Joseph] McCarthy was absolutely right ... This is, who were the communists in America." Beck was criticized by an array of people, including Menachem Z. Rosensaft and Joe Conason, who said that Dilling was an outspoken anti-Semite and a Nazi sympathizer.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has credited God for saving him from drug and alcohol abuse, professional obscurity, and friendlessness. In 2006, he performed an inspirational monologue in Salt Lake City, Utah, detailing how he was transformed by the "healing power of Jesus Christ", which was released as a CD two years later by Deseret Book, a publishing company owned by the LDS Church, entitled "An Unlikely Mormon: The Conversion Story of Glenn Beck".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Writer Joanna Brooks contends that Beck developed his "amalgamation of anti-communism" and "connect-the-dots conspiracy theorizing" only after his entry into the "deeply insular world of Mormon thought and culture". Brooks theorizes that Beck's calls to fasting and prayer are rooted in Mormon collective fasts to address spiritual challenges, while his "overt sentimentality" and penchant for weeping represent the hallmark of a "distinctly Mormon mode of masculinity" where "appropriately-timed displays of tender emotion are displays of power" and spirituality. Philip Barlow, the Arrington chair of Mormon history and culture at Utah State University, has said that Beck's belief that the U.S. Constitution was an "inspired document" and his calls for limited government and not exiling God from the public sphere "have considerable sympathy in Mormonism". Beck has acknowledged that Mormon "doctrine is different" from traditional Christianity, but said that this was what attracted him to it: "for me some of the things in traditional doctrine just doesn't work."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In 2009, Beck's show was one of the highest rated news commentary programs on cable TV. For a Barbara Walters ABC special, Beck was selected as one of America's "Top 10 Most Fascinating People" of 2009. In 2010, he was selected for "Time"'s top 100 most influential people under the "Leaders" category.


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has called himself an entertainer, a commentator rather than a reporter, and a "rodeo clown". He has said that he identifies with Howard Beale, a character portrayed by Peter Finch in the film "Network": "When he came out of the rain and he was like, 'none of this makes any sense'—I am that guy."


title: Glenn Beck

text: According to "Tampa Bay Times", Beck's supporters have praised him as a constitutional stalwart defending their traditional American values.


title: Glenn Beck

text: "Time" magazine described Beck as "the new populist superstar of Fox News", saying it is easier to see a set of attitudes rather than a specific ideology, noting his criticism of Wall Street, yet defending bonuses to AIG, as well as denouncing conspiracy theories about the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) but warning against indoctrination of children by the AmeriCorps program." (Paul Krugman and Mark Potok, on the other hand, have been among those asserting that Beck helps spread "hate" by covering issues that stir up extremists.) What seems to unite Beck's disparate themes, "Time" argued, is a sense of siege. An earlier "Time" cover story called Beck "a gifted storyteller with a knack for stitching seemingly unrelated data points into possible conspiracies", proclaiming that he has "emerged as a virtuoso on the strings" of conservative discontent by mining "the timeless theme of the corrupt Them thwarting a virtuous Us".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck's shows have been called a "mix of moral lessons, outrage and an apocalyptic view of the future ... capturing the feelings of an alienated class of Americans". One of Beck's Fox News Channel colleagues, Shepard Smith, has jokingly called Beck's studio the "fear chamber", with Beck countering that he preferred the term "doom room".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Republican South Carolina U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham criticized Beck as a "cynic" whose show was antithetical to "American values" at "The Atlantic"'s 2009 First Draft of History conference, remarking, "Only in America can you make that much money crying." The progressive watchdog group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting's (FAIR) Activism Director, Peter Hart, argues that Beck red-baits political adversaries and promotes a paranoid view of progressive politics. Howard Kurtz, of "The Washington Post", has remarked, "Love him or hate him, Beck is a talented, often funny broadcaster, a recovering alcoholic with an unabashedly emotional style."


title: Glenn Beck

text: Laura Miller writes in "Salon" that Beck is a contemporary example of "the paranoid style in American politics" described by historian Richard Hofstader:


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has acknowledged accusations of being a conspiracy theorist, saying on his show that there is a "concentrated effort now to label me a conspiracy theorist".


title: Glenn Beck

text: Particularly as a consequence of Beck's Restoring Honor rally in 2010, the fact that Beck is Mormon caused concern among some politically sympathetic Christian Evangelicals on theological grounds. Tom Tradup, vice president at Salem Radio Network, which serves more than 2,000 Christian-themed stations, expressed this sentiment after the rally, saying, "Politically, everyone is with it, but theologically, when he says the country should turn back to God, the question is: Which God?" A September 2010 survey by the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) and Religion News Service (RNS) found that of those Americans who hold a favorable opinion of Beck, only 45% believe he is the right person to lead a religious movement, with that number further declining to 37% when people are informed he is Mormon. Daniel Cox, director of research for PRRI, summed up this position by stating:


title: Glenn Beck

text: Pete Peterson of Pepperdine's Davenport Institute said that Beck's speech at the rally belonged to an American tradition of calls to personal renewal. Peterson wrote: "A Mormon surrounded onstage by priests, pastors, rabbis, and imams, Beck [gave] one of the more ecumenical jeremiads in history." Evangelical pastor Tony Campolo said in 2010 that conservative evangelicals respond to Beck's framing of conservative economic principles, saying that Beck's and ideological fellow travelers' "marriage between evangelicalism and patriotic nationalism is so strong that anybody who is raising questions about loyalty to the old, lassez-faire capitalist system is ex-post facto unpatriotic, un-American, and by association non-Christian." "Newsweek" religion reporter Lisa Miller, after quoting Campolo, opined, "It's ironic that Beck, a Mormon, would gain acceptance as a leader of a new Christian coalition. ... Beck's gift ... is to articulate God's special plan for America in such broad strokes that they trample no single creed or doctrine while they move millions with their message."


title: Glenn Beck

text: In June 2010, investigative reporter Alexander Zaitchik released a critical biography, "", with a title mocking Beck's work, "Common Sense". In an interview about the book, Zaitchik theorized, "Beck's politics and his insatiable hunger for money and fame are not mutually exclusive", adding:


title: Glenn Beck

text: In September 2010, "Philadelphia Daily News" reporter Will Bunch released "The Backlash: Right-Wing Radicals, High-Def Hucksters, and Paranoid Politics in the Age of Obama". One of Bunch's theses is that Beck is nothing more than a morning zoo deejay playing a fictional character as a money-making stunt. Writer Bob Cesca, in a review of Bunch's book, compares Beck to Steve Martin's faith-healer character in the 1992 film "Leap of Faith", before describing the "derivative grab bag of other tried and tested personalities" that Bunch contends comprises Beck's persona:


title: Glenn Beck

text: Beck has been the subject of mockery and ridicule by a number of humorists. In response to his animated delivery and views, he was parodied in an impersonation by Jason Sudeikis on "Saturday Night Live". "The Daily Show"s Jon Stewart has spoofed Beck's 9–12 project with his own "11-3 project", consisting of "11 principles and 3 herbs and spices", impersonated Beck's chalk board-related presentation style for an entire show, and quipped about Beck: "finally, a guy who says what people who aren't thinking are thinking". Stephen Colbert of "The Colbert Report" satirized Beck's "war room" by creating his own "doom bunker". Through the character Eric Cartman, "South Park" parodied Beck's television program and his commentary style in the episode "Dances with Smurfs". "The Onion", a satirical periodical and faux news site, ran an "Onion News Network" video "special report" lamenting that the "victim in a fatal car accident was tragically not Glenn Beck". Meanwhile, the "Current TV" cartoon "SuperNews!" ran an animated cartoon feature titled "The Glenn Beck Apocalypse", where Beck is confronted by Jesus Christ, who rebukes him as the equivalent of "Sarah Palin farting into a balloon". Political comedian and satirist Bill Maher has mocked Beck's followers as an "army of diabetic mallwalkers", while "The Buffalo Beast" named Beck the most loathsome person in America in 2010, declaring, "It's like someone found a manic, doom-prophesying hobo in a sandwich board, shaved him, shot him full of Zoloft and gave him a show." The October 30, 2010, Rally To Restore Sanity and/or Fear in Washington, hosted by Comedy Central personalities Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert, was conceived as a parody of Beck's earlier Rally to Restore Honor, even though Stewart and Colbert said that they came up with the idea of holding a rally in March and Stewart had put down the deposit for the National Mall before Beck announced his rally.


title: Glenn Beck

text: In March 2014, Abdulrahman Alharbi filed suit for defamation in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts against Beck and his business entities, The Blaze and Mercury Radio Arts, along with his distributor Premiere Radio Networks. Alharbi's defamation claim arose from Beck's repeated broadcasts "identifying Alharbi as an active participant" in the Boston Marathon bombing, even after federal authorities cleared Alharbi, who was injured in the attack, of any wrongdoing and confirmed that he was an innocent victim. In December 2014, the judge rejected Beck's attempt to have the case dismissed. In September 2016, the suit was settled on confidential terms.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Uzoamaka Nwanneka Aduba (; born February 10, 1981) is an American actress. She gained wide recognition for her role as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren on the Netflix original series "Orange Is the New Black" (2013–2019), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two SAG Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015. She is one of only two actors to win an Emmy Award in both the comedy and drama categories for the same role.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: In 2020, Aduba played Shirley Chisholm in the Hulu miniseries "Mrs. America", for which she won a Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries. Aduba has appeared in films including "American Pastoral" (2016), "Candy Jar" (2018), "Miss Virginia" (2019), and "Lightyear" (2022). In 2021, she starred in Lynn Nottage's play "Clyde's" on Broadway for which she received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play nomination.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Uzo Aduba was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to parents from Nigeria, and grew up in Medfield, Massachusetts. She graduated from Medfield High School in 1999. She attended Boston University, where she studied classical voice and competed in track and field. She has called her family a "sports family". Her younger brother, Obi, played hockey at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and six seasons professionally.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Aduba first garnered recognition for her acting in 2003, when her performance in "Translations of Xhosa" at the Olney Theatre Center for the Arts earned her a Helen Hayes Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Play. In 2006, she played Amphiarus in "The Seven" at New York Theatre Workshop and again in 2008 at La Jolla Playhouse. In 2007, she made her Broadway debut, portraying Toby in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of "Coram Boy" at the Imperial Theatre. In 2011–12, she sang "By My Side" as part of the original revival cast of "Godspell" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. Her first television appearance was as a nurse on "Blue Bloods" in 2012. Aduba also played Anna, the mother of the title character in "Venice" at The Public Theater in New York.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: In 2013, Aduba began portraying Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren in the Netflix comedy-drama series "Orange Is the New Black". On being cast, Aduba said:


title: Uzo Aduba

text: I auditioned for the show back in late July or early August of [2012]. I had been auditioning that summer for more television and film [after doing much theater]. I'd read a lot of scripts and I remember reading "Orange Is the New Black", and it was at the head of the pack. I remember thinking, 'Wow, that is really good, I would love to be a part of that.' I went in and auditioned for another part, and my representatives called me about a month later and they were like, "Hi, we have some really good news. You remember that audition you went on for "Orange Is the New Black"? You didn't get it." I go, "So… okay, what's the good news?" They said they wanted to offer me another part, Crazy Eyes. I was like, "What in my audition would make someone think I'd be right for a part called Crazy Eyes?" But to be honest, when I got the script for it, it felt like the right fit.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Casting director Jennifer Euston explains the selection of Aduba for the role thus: "Uzo Aduba...had her hair in those knots for the audition...They saw something amazing in her and were able to connect it to what they were looking for in Crazy Eyes." In joining the series, Aduba obtained her Screen Actors Guild card, of which she said, "I was just like, 'Wow, this means I'm a full actress now.' It was such a big deal, and I remember being so thankful and feeling so proud."


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Aduba has been recognized for her performance as "Crazy Eyes", winning Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards and Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series at the 4th Critics' Choice Television Awards. She was nominated for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 18th Satellite Awards for her season one performance. Aduba's season two performance earned her the Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Aduba won a second Primetime Emmy at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2015, winning the award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. This makes her the first actress to win both a drama and comedy Emmy for the same role. Her performance in the third season also earned another Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series win for the 22nd Screen Actors Guild Awards. Aduba also earned a Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: In March 2014, Aduba performed at Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS benefit concert Broadway Backwards. She teamed with Rachel Bay Jones for a rendition of the song "Lily's Eyes" from the musical "The Secret Garden". In 2015, Aduba played Glinda the Good Witch in the NBC live musical event special "The Wiz Live!", receiving positive reviews from critics.


title: Uzo Aduba

text: Aduba made her film debut in the 2015 musical comedy-drama film "Pearly Gates". The next year, she starred alongside Maggie Grace in the comedy-drama "Showing Roots", and played supporting roles in "Tallulah", "Steven Universe", and "American Pastoral" directed by Ewan McGregor. Aduba played a major role in the 2017 musical animated film "", voicing Queen Novo, leader of the hippogriffs/seaponies. She co-starred in two Netflix films; "Candy Jar" in 2018, and "Beats" in 2019. Also in 2019, Aduba played the title role in the film "Miss Virginia".


title: Uzo Aduba

text: After "Orange Is the New Black" ended, Aduba was cast as politician Shirley Chisholm in the Hulu miniseries "Mrs. America", opposite Cate Blanchett and Sarah Paulson. Chisholm was the first black candidate for a major party's nomination for President of the United States, the first woman to run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, and the first woman to appear in a United States presidential debate. The miniseries premiered on April 15, 2020, receiving critical acclaim, and Aduba won a Primetime Emmy Award. She was cast to star opposite Lupita Nyong'o in the ultimately unproduced HBO Max miniseries "Americanah" written by Danai Gurira. Aduba also was set to star in the fourth season of FX series "Fargo", but dropped out due to "some personal family issues". Aduba co-stars in the upcoming romantic drama film "Really Love". In October 2020, she was cast as therapist Dr. Brooke Taylor in the fourth season of the HBO series "In Treatment".