title: Tide

text: In ("The Reckoning of Time") of 725 Bede linked semidurnal tides and the phenomenon of varying tidal heights to the Moon and its phases. Bede starts by noting that the tides rise and fall 4/5 of an hour later each day, just as the Moon rises and sets 4/5 of an hour later. He goes on to emphasise that in two lunar months (59 days) the Moon circles the Earth 57 times and there are 114 tides. Bede then observes that the height of tides varies over the month. Increasing tides are called "malinae" and decreasing tides "ledones" and that the month is divided into four parts of seven or eight days with alternating "malinae" and "ledones". In the same passage he also notes the effect of winds to hold back tides. Bede also records that the time of tides varies from place to place. To the north of Bede's location (Monkwearmouth) the tides are earlier, to the south later. He explains that the tide "deserts these shores in order to be able all the more to be able to flood other [shores] when it arrives there" noting that "the Moon which signals the rise of tide here, signals its retreat in other regions far from this quarter of the heavens".


title: Tide

text: Medieval understanding of the tides was primarily based on works of Muslim astronomers, which became available through Latin translation starting from the 12th century. Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (d. circa 886), in his , taught that ebb and flood tides were caused by the Moon. Abu Ma'shar discussed the effects of wind and Moon's phases relative to the Sun on the tides. In the 12th century, al-Bitruji (d. circa 1204) contributed the notion that the tides were caused by the general circulation of the heavens.


title: Tide

text: Simon Stevin, in his 1608 ("The theory of ebb and flood"), dismissed a large number of misconceptions that still existed about ebb and flood. Stevin pleaded for the idea that the attraction of the Moon was responsible for the tides and spoke in clear terms about ebb, flood, spring tide and neap tide, stressing that further research needed to be made.


title: Tide

text: In 1609 Johannes Kepler also correctly suggested that the gravitation of the Moon caused the tides, which he based upon ancient observations and correlations.


title: Tide

text: Galileo Galilei in his 1632 "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems", whose working title was "Dialogue on the Tides", gave an explanation of the tides. The resulting theory, however, was incorrect as he attributed the tides to the sloshing of water caused by the Earth's movement around the Sun. He hoped to provide mechanical proof of the Earth's movement. The value of his tidal theory is disputed. Galileo rejected Kepler's explanation of the tides.


title: Tide

text: Isaac Newton (1642–1727) was the first person to explain tides as the product of the gravitational attraction of astronomical masses. His explanation of the tides (and many other phenomena) was published in the "Principia" (1687) and used his theory of universal gravitation to explain the lunar and solar attractions as the origin of the tide-generating forces.


title: Tide

text: Newton and others before Pierre-Simon Laplace worked the problem from the perspective of a static system (equilibrium theory), that provided an approximation that described the tides that would occur in a non-inertial ocean evenly covering the whole Earth. The tide-generating force (or its corresponding potential) is still relevant to tidal theory, but as an intermediate quantity (forcing function) rather than as a final result; theory must also consider the Earth's accumulated dynamic tidal response to the applied forces, which response is influenced by ocean depth, the Earth's rotation, and other factors.


title: Tide

text: In 1740, the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris offered a prize for the best theoretical essay on tides. Daniel Bernoulli, Leonhard Euler, Colin Maclaurin and Antoine Cavalleri shared the prize.


title: Tide

text: Maclaurin used Newton's theory to show that a smooth sphere covered by a sufficiently deep ocean under the tidal force of a single deforming body is a prolate spheroid (essentially a three-dimensional oval) with major axis directed toward the deforming body. Maclaurin was the first to write about the Earth's rotational effects on motion. Euler realized that the tidal force's "horizontal" component (more than the vertical) drives the tide. In 1744 Jean le Rond d'Alembert studied tidal equations for the atmosphere which did not include rotation.


title: Tide

text: In 1770 James Cook's barque HMS "Endeavour" grounded on the Great Barrier Reef. Attempts were made to refloat her on the following tide which failed, but the tide after that lifted her clear with ease. Whilst she was being repaired in the mouth of the Endeavour River Cook observed the tides over a period of seven weeks. At neap tides both tides in a day were similar, but at springs the tides rose in the morning but in the evening.


title: Tide

text: Pierre-Simon Laplace formulated a system of partial differential equations relating the ocean's horizontal flow to its surface height, the first major dynamic theory for water tides. The Laplace tidal equations are still in use today. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, rewrote Laplace's equations in terms of vorticity which allowed for solutions describing tidally driven coastally trapped waves, known as Kelvin waves.


title: Tide

text: Others including Kelvin and Henri Poincaré further developed Laplace's theory. Based on these developments and the lunar theory of E W Brown describing the motions of the Moon, Arthur Thomas Doodson developed and published in 1921 the first modern development of the tide-generating potential in harmonic form: Doodson distinguished 388 tidal frequencies. Some of his methods remain in use.


title: Tide

text: From ancient times, tidal observation and discussion has increased in sophistication, first marking the daily recurrence, then tides' relationship to the Sun and moon. Pytheas travelled to the British Isles about 325 BC and seems to be the first to have related spring tides to the phase of the moon.


title: Tide

text: In the 2nd century BC, the Hellenistic astronomer Seleucus of Seleucia correctly described the phenomenon of tides in order to support his heliocentric theory. He correctly theorized that tides were caused by the moon, although he believed that the interaction was mediated by the pneuma. He noted that tides varied in time and strength in different parts of the world. According to Strabo (1.1.9), Seleucus was the first to link tides to the lunar attraction, and that the height of the tides depends on the moon's position relative to the Sun.


title: Tide

text: The "Naturalis Historia" of Pliny the Elder collates many tidal observations, e.g., the spring tides are a few days after (or before) new and full moon and are highest around the equinoxes, though Pliny noted many relationships now regarded as fanciful. In his "Geography", Strabo described tides in the Persian Gulf having their greatest range when the moon was furthest from the plane of the Equator. All this despite the relatively small amplitude of Mediterranean basin tides. (The strong currents through the Euripus Strait and the Strait of Messina puzzled Aristotle.) Philostratus discussed tides in Book Five of "The Life of Apollonius of Tyana". Philostratus mentions the moon, but attributes tides to "spirits". In Europe around 730 AD, the Venerable Bede described how the rising tide on one coast of the British Isles coincided with the fall on the other and described the time progression of high water along the Northumbrian coast.


title: Tide

text: The first tide table in China was recorded in 1056 AD primarily for visitors wishing to see the famous tidal bore in the Qiantang River. The first known British tide table is thought to be that of John Wallingford, who died Abbot of St. Albans in 1213, based on high water occurring 48 minutes later each day, and three hours earlier at the Thames mouth than upriver at London.


title: Tide

text: In 1614 Claude d'Abbeville published the work “”, where he exposed that the Tupinambá people already had an understanding of the relation between the Moon and the tides before Europe.


title: Tide

text: William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) led the first systematic harmonic analysis of tidal records starting in 1867. The main result was the building of a tide-predicting machine using a system of pulleys to add together six harmonic time functions. It was "programmed" by resetting gears and chains to adjust phasing and amplitudes. Similar machines were used until the 1960s.


title: Tide

text: The first known sea-level record of an entire spring–neap cycle was made in 1831 on the Navy Dock in the Thames Estuary. Many large ports had automatic tide gauge stations by 1850.


title: Tide

text: John Lubbock was one of the first to map co-tidal lines, for Great Britain, Ireland and adjacent coasts, in 1840. William Whewell expanded this work ending with a nearly global chart in 1836. In order to make these maps consistent, he hypothesized the existence of a region with no tidal rise or fall where co-tidal lines meet in the mid-ocean. The existence of such an amphidromic point, as they are now known, was confirmed in 1840 by Captain William Hewett, RN, from careful soundings in the North Sea.


title: Tide

text: The tidal force produced by a massive object (Moon, hereafter) on a small particle located on or in an extensive body (Earth, hereafter) is the vector difference between the gravitational force exerted by the Moon on the particle, and the gravitational force that would be exerted on the particle if it were located at the Earth's center of mass.


title: Tide

text: Whereas the gravitational force subjected by a celestial body on Earth varies inversely as the square of its distance to the Earth, the maximal tidal force varies inversely as, approximately, the cube of this distance. If the tidal force caused by each body were instead equal to its full gravitational force (which is not the case due to the free fall of the whole Earth, not only the oceans, towards these bodies) a different pattern of tidal forces would be observed, e.g. with a much stronger influence from the Sun than from the Moon: The solar gravitational force on the Earth is on average 179 times stronger than the lunar, but because the Sun is on average 389 times farther from the Earth, its field gradient is weaker. The tidal force is proportional to


title: Tide

text: where is the mass of the heavenly body, is its distance, ρ is its average density, and is its radius. The ratio is related to the angle subtended by the object in the sky. Since the sun and the moon have practically the same diameter in the sky, the tidal force of the sun is less than that of the moon because its average density is much less, and it is only 46% as large as the lunar, thus during a spring tide, the Moon contributes 69% while the Sun contributes 31%. More precisely, the lunar tidal acceleration (along the Moon–Earth axis, at the Earth's surface) is about 1.1 × 10 "g", while the solar tidal acceleration (along the Sun–Earth axis, at the Earth's surface) is about 0.52 × 10 "g", where "g" is the gravitational acceleration at the Earth's surface. The effects of the other planets vary as their distances from Earth vary. When Venus is closest to Earth, its effect is 0.000113 times the solar effect. At other times, Jupiter or Mars may have the most effect.


title: Tide

text: The ocean's surface is approximated by a surface referred to as the geoid, which takes into consideration the gravitational force exerted by the earth as well as centrifugal force due to rotation. Now consider the effect of massive external bodies such as the Moon and Sun. These bodies have strong gravitational fields that diminish with distance and cause the ocean's surface to deviate from the geoid. They establish a new equilibrium ocean surface which bulges toward the moon on one side and away from the moon on the other side. The earth's rotation relative to this shape causes the daily tidal cycle. The ocean surface tends toward this equilibrium shape, which is constantly changing, and never quite attains it. When the ocean surface is not aligned with it, it's as though the surface is sloping, and water accelerates in the down-slope direction.


title: Tide

text: It is "not" caused by the vertical pull nearest or farthest from the body, which is very weak; rather, it is caused by the tangent or "tractive" tidal force, which is strongest at about 45 degrees from the body, resulting in a horizontal tidal current.


title: Tide

text: Ocean depths are much smaller than their horizontal extent. Thus, the response to tidal forcing can be modelled using the Laplace tidal equations which incorporate the following features:


title: Tide

text: The Coriolis effect (inertial force) steers flows moving towards the Equator to the west and flows moving away from the Equator toward the east, allowing coastally trapped waves. Finally, a dissipation term can be added which is an analog to viscosity.


title: Tide

text: The theoretical amplitude of oceanic tides caused by the Moon is about at the highest point, which corresponds to the amplitude that would be reached if the ocean possessed a uniform depth, there were no landmasses, and the Earth were rotating in step with the Moon's orbit. The Sun similarly causes tides, of which the theoretical amplitude is about (46% of that of the Moon) with a cycle time of 12 hours. At spring tide the two effects add to each other to a theoretical level of , while at neap tide the theoretical level is reduced to . Since the orbits of the Earth about the Sun, and the Moon about the Earth, are elliptical, tidal amplitudes change somewhat as a result of the varying Earth–Sun and Earth–Moon distances. This causes a variation in the tidal force and theoretical amplitude of about ±18% for the Moon and ±5% for the Sun. If both the Sun and Moon were at their closest positions and aligned at new moon, the theoretical amplitude would reach .


title: Tide

text: Real amplitudes differ considerably, not only because of depth variations and continental obstacles, but also because wave propagation across the ocean has a natural period of the same order of magnitude as the rotation period: if there were no land masses, it would take about 30 hours for a long wavelength surface wave to propagate along the Equator halfway around the Earth (by comparison, the Earth's lithosphere has a natural period of about 57 minutes). Earth tides, which raise and lower the bottom of the ocean, and the tide's own gravitational self attraction are both significant and further complicate the ocean's response to tidal forces.


title: Tide

text: Atmospheric tides are both gravitational and thermal in origin and are the dominant dynamics from about , above which the molecular density becomes too low to support fluid behavior.


title: Tide

text: Earth tides or terrestrial tides affect the entire Earth's mass, which acts similarly to a liquid gyroscope with a very thin crust. The Earth's crust shifts (in/out, east/west, north/south) in response to lunar and solar gravitation, ocean tides, and atmospheric loading. While negligible for most human activities, terrestrial tides' semi-diurnal amplitude can reach about at the Equator— due to the Sun—which is important in GPS calibration and VLBI measurements. Precise astronomical angular measurements require knowledge of the Earth's rotation rate and polar motion, both of which are influenced by Earth tides. The semi-diurnal "M" Earth tides are nearly in phase with the Moon with a lag of about two hours.


title: Tide

text: "Galactic tides" are the tidal forces exerted by galaxies on stars within them and satellite galaxies orbiting them. The galactic tide's effects on the Solar System's Oort cloud are believed to cause 90 percent of long-period comets.


title: Tide

text: Tsunamis, the large waves that occur after earthquakes, are sometimes called "tidal waves", but this name is given by their "resemblance" to the tide, rather than any causal link to the tide. Other phenomena unrelated to tides but using the word "tide" are rip tide, storm tide, hurricane tide, and black or red tides. Many of these usages are historic and refer to the earlier meaning of tide as "a portion of time, a season" and "a stream, current or flood".


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Marvel's Agent Carter, or simply Agent Carter, is an American television series created by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely for ABC, based on the Marvel Comics character Peggy Carter following her roles in the 2011 film "" and the 2013 Marvel One-Shot short film of "Agent Carter". It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and shares continuity with the franchise's films and other television series. The series was produced by ABC Studios, Marvel Television, and F&B Fazekas & Butters, with Tara Butters, Michele Fazekas, and Chris Dingess serving as showrunners.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Hayley Atwell reprises her role of Peggy Carter from the film series and One-Shot, with James D'Arcy, Chad Michael Murray, and Enver Gjokaj also starring; they are joined by Shea Whigham for the first season. In the series, Carter must balance life as a secret agent with that of a single woman in 1940s America. Development on a series inspired by the short film had begun by September 2013, with Atwell's involvement confirmed in January 2014. That May, ABC ordered the show straight to series. "Agent Carter" introduces the origins of several characters and story lines from MCU films, while other characters from the films also appear.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: The first season, consisting of eight episodes, originally aired from January 6 to February 24, 2015, while the second season, consisting of 10 episodes, originally aired from January 19 to March 1, 2016. Both seasons aired during mid-season breaks of "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." Despite a positive critical response, viewership fell, and on May 12, 2016, ABC cancelled "Agent Carter".


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: The first season takes place in 1946, with Peggy Carter having to balance the routine office work she does for the Strategic Scientific Reserve (SSR) in New York City with secretly assisting Howard Stark, who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States. Carter is assisted by Stark's butler, Edwin Jarvis, to find those responsible and dispose of the weapons. In the second season, Carter moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new Atomic Age by the Secret Empire in the aftermath of World War II, gaining new friends, a new home, and a potential new love interest.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: A potential "Agent Carter" series was initially brought up in July 2013 by Louis D'Esposito, after a screening of his "Agent Carter" One-Shot at San Diego Comic-Con. By September, Marvel Television was developing a series inspired by the short film, featuring Peggy Carter, and was in search of a writer for the series. In January 2014, ABC Entertainment Group president Paul Lee confirmed that the show was in development, and revealed that Tara Butters and Michele Fazekas would act as the series' showrunners. Chris Dingess also serves as a showrunner. In March 2014, Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, writers of the "Captain America" films, stated that they envisioned the series, which had not yet been greenlit, as a limited series of approximately 13 episodes. By April 2014, there were indications that the series would be ordered straight to series, bypassing a pilot order, and would air between the late 2014 and early 2015 portions of "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", if that series got a second season renewal. On May 8, 2014, ABC officially ordered the series for eight episodes, with executive producers Butters, Fazekas, Markus, McFeely, Dingess, Kevin Feige, Louis D'Esposito, Alan Fine, Joe Quesada, Stan Lee, and Jeph Loeb. The series was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2015, of 10 episodes.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Markus and McFeely stated in March 2014 that the series would be set in 1946 initially, occurring in the middle of the timeline established in the One-Shot, and would focus on one case for Carter. Additional seasons would then advance a year and examine a new case. Despite working on "" at the same time, Markus and McFeely remained involved with the series after writing the first script. When the showrunners joined the series, they went on a "mini-camp" with Markus and McFeely to develop the series from a pilot script written by the pair. They looked to several different influences outside of Marvel in developing the series, including "Raiders of the Lost Ark", "L.A. Confidential", and the works of author James Ellroy. Elaborating on deviating from the comics, Fazekas said, for example, "if we're using a minor character or a bad guy from an old comic book, we don't have to adhere to what that character was in that comic book from 1945. Because there are so many different iterations of a specific character, you can't be true to every single one." ABC asked the producers to not have the series follow a "Gadget of the Week or Bad Guy of the Week" model, and instead focus on telling the story of Carter balancing her personal and professional lives. Fazekas called this "such a nice change" from previous television experience, with the group feeling free to drop whole story ideas in favor of focusing on the series' central storyline.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: On the time periods the series could potentially explore following the first season given Carter's role in "", Atwell said, "I think the great thing about the fact that I've already played her at the end of her life means that we know ... [Now] we have an opportunity, if the show does go into second and third and fourth and fifth [seasons], we know that we can explore all of these aspects of her character because we know she lives such a long life and she's had a fulfilled life. I think what's going to start happening in Season 1 is seeds are going to be planted as to what happens in her personal life—and yet it's still open to the possibility of new men coming into her life, deepening relationships with the men that we discover in Season 1. Obviously, the era is 1946 but in the second, third, fourth, fifth season—if it goes onto that—we can explore different time periods. We can explore the late forties, the early fifties, the sixties, the seventies, the eighties, up until present day, so it's very exciting because of that." However, Butters clarified that future seasons would likely stay in the same time period, possibly changing location to a place like Hollywood or Europe, to remain in a pre-S.H.I.E.L.D. setting and avoid competing with "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." This was the case with the second season, which moved the series to 1947 Los Angeles.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Atwell, who portrayed Carter in "", "Captain America: The Winter Soldier", and the "Agent Carter" short film, expressed interest in returning as the character in October 2013, before Lee confirmed her involvement in January 2014. That August, Chad Michael Murray and Enver Gjokaj were cast as SSR agents Jack Thompson and Daniel Sousa, respectively, while James D'Arcy was cast the next month as Edwin Jarvis, the character who would eventually inspire the artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S. from the MCU films. Shea Whigham was also cast, as SSR chief Roger Dooley. Atwell, D'Arcy, Gjokaj, and Murray returned for the second season.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: The costume designer for the series was Giovanna Ottobre-Melton, who felt comfortable with the series' period setting after spending months researching American styles in the 1940s for the 2013 television series "Mob City". She noted that "many comic books were all blended by the color, style, and fabrics" from 1940s New York. Due to the large amount of action in the series, fabrics "with the feel and texture of the 1940s" had to be sourced in large quantities, to allow for the creation of four, five, or more of each costume. Ottobre-Melton's process "for each episode, [is to] read the script first, and then search for historic photos that relate to what the episode is about. Afterwards I chose the fabrics, and then begin to design the outfits."


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: When creating the gadgets for the series, the writers noted the need to combine the period setting with the influence of Howard Stark, who opens the door to "things that are fantastic for the time period". They worked closely with the props department to develop technology that appears "both retro and futuristic at the same time", with Fazekas explaining that the goal was to avoid a science fiction look, so the fantastical aspects were reserved solely for function while the aesthetic was kept within the realms of that time period.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Filming for the series took place in Los Angeles, with the story's location shifting from New York City to Los Angeles with the second season to capitalize on this. Gabriel Beristain, cinematographer for the One-Shot and the first season of the series, used a combination of modern digital technology and traditional analog techniques to replicate the feel of classic films that are set in the 1940s, but to also have the convenience and consistency of modern technology, such as using the Arri Alexa digital camera, along with Leica Lenses and silk-stocking diffusion nets. Edward J. Pei took over as cinematographer for the second season. Stunt coordinator Casey O'Neill, who also worked on the One-Shot and "Captain America: The Winter Soldier", incorporated the specific fighting styles of the characters, such as the more "CIA-trained" fighting of Carter or the more acrobatic, "Black Widow"-inspired style of antagonist Dottie Underwood.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Sheena Duggal served as visual effect supervisor, returning in the same capacity from the "Agent Carter" One-Shot, with the visual effects for the series created by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), Base FX, and later DNeg TV. Duggal worked closest with ILM, who coordinated with Base and DNeg to ensure a "seamless workflow". The majority of the series' visual effects work focuses on set extensions to depict the period setting, as well as the more fantastical aspects such as Howard Stark's inventions, or Zero Matter and Jason Wilkes' intangibility in the second season.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: In June 2014, Christopher Lennertz, who composed the music for the "Agent Carter" One-Shot, talked about potentially working on the series, saying, D'Esposito "told me last summer at Comic-Con that there was a possibility this was going to become a series. And he said that if he was going to be involved, he wanted me to be involved, too." In September 2014, Lennertz officially signed on to compose for the series. Lennertz combined all the different style elements of the show in the music, such as mixing jazz and period elements, with orchestra and electronic elements. Lennertz said, the music is "always done from a sense of being sort of in control and savvy and clever, rather than just being strong or just having a superpower or sort of being so much further along than anybody else physically. Part of it was just trying to make it that she's just smarter than everybody else. She's got such command over so many of these situations, and that was the most important thing was to give her that personality." A soundtrack album for the first season was released on iTunes on December 11, 2015, and the single "Whatcha Gonna Do (It's Up to You)" from the second season was released on March 18, 2016.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Because Carter originated from the films, Fazekas said Marvel Studios co-presidents Feige and D'Esposito were very invested in the production of the series and called them "really collaborative and very generous with their world". Markus, talking about the series' place in the greater architecture of the MCU, later said, "you really only need to drop the tiniest bit of hint and its connected. You don't have to go, 'Howard Stark's wearing the same pants that Tony wears!' ... Everything is enhanced just by the knowledge that its all connected." Butters said, "We always want to feel like you see us as a piece of [the MCU]. But because of our time period, we kind of are on our own a little bit."


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: In July 2014, Fazekas explained the series' relationship with the One-Shot by saying, "The short really is the basis for the series. [Carter]'s working at SSR, post-war...If you think of the short as sort of the end of the series, the series would be leading up to that moment where she gets assigned to S.H.I.E.L.D." Markus reiterated this in January 2015, but acknowledged that it would be harder to keep continuity with the short the longer they made the series. The first season introduces the origins of the Black Widow and Winter Soldier programs, which both appear in several MCU films, while the second season shows the discovery of the Darkforce (known as Zero Matter in the series), which previously appeared in "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." and has ties to the Marvel characters Doctor Strange and Cloak.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: "Agent Carter" aired on ABC in the United States, in 720p high definition and 5.1 surround sound. It also aired on CTV in Canada, and TV2 in New Zealand. In October 2014, Channel 4, the channel that airs "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." in the United Kingdom, stated that they did not "have any current plans [to air] "Agent Carter"". In June 2015, FOX UK purchased the broadcast rights for the United Kingdom, with the series premiering on July 12, 2015. In February 2016, the series was announced to air on 7flix in Australia.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: The complete first season became available on Blu-ray and DVD on September 18, 2015, as an Amazon.com exclusive. On November 29, 2017, Hulu acquired the exclusive streaming rights to the series. Both seasons of "Agent Carter" were made available on Disney+ at launch, on November 12, 2019.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Maureen Ryan of "Variety" blamed both seasons' low viewership on "the questionable scheduling decisions" made by then ABC president Paul Lee, saying that the series "has received lackluster promotion, especially [for its second season]. The botched rollout of season two included a changed premiere date and episodes that were difficult to access in advance on Marvel's dreadful media site. Capping the mishandling is the fact that the full first season was only made available on ABC.com days before season two began, which frustrated viewers who might have wanted to jump on board in advance."


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 96% approval rating with an average rating of 7.9/10 based on 50 reviews for the first season. The website's consensus reads, "Focusing on Peggy Carter as a person first and an action hero second makes "Marvel's Agent Carter" a winning, stylish drama with bursts of excitement and an undercurrent of cheeky fun". The second season scored a 76% approval rating with an average score of 8/10 based on 21 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "A move from New York to Hollywood gives "Agent Carter" new territory to explore, as the series continues to search for a storyline as dynamic as its heroine". Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on 27 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" for the series overall.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Arguing for the renewal of the series for a third season following its low viewership, Ryan said that "letting the show die would be a serious mistake, for the network and for the bigger Disney-ABC conglomerate...These days, entertainment properties have to be viewed not just through the lens of their ratings (admittedly weak for "Agent Carter"). They have to be evaluated within the context of the overall value they bring to any entertainment colossus, and what "Agent Carter" adds to Disney-ABC is simply too valuable to give up ... [bringing] something different to the company's superhero portfolio." She suggested if ABC did not renew the series for broadcast, that it should explore other opportunities, such as debuting on its online Watch ABC app, or being sold to Netflix, where "fans of super-heroic storytelling already flock to" and "Agent Carter"s "status as a period piece—which may have harmed it on broadcast—could be a real draw for Netflix viewers". Ryan also felt Marvel "could copy what CBS is " by creating a subscription service for a monthly fee, where consumers could access Marvel's films and televisions shows "as well as premium exclusives like a third season of "Agent Carter"". Ryan concluded, "A third "Agent Carter" season could help solidify Marvel's standing not just with female fans, but with everyone who appreciates excellent and adventurous storytelling."


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: In March 2016, Fazekas said the producers felt "bad" about the chances for a third season due to the series' low viewership, adding she "would love to see it live on, even if it's in some other form, digital or whatever. I doubt that there's a Netflix play for it." She also added that ABC wanted some sort of conclusion to the series, and so the writers and producers would find a way to conclude the lingering plot threads in some form if the series was not renewed. On May 12, 2016, ABC canceled the series.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Loeb stated in August 2016 that he did not understand the cancellation, as "there were no conversations" regarding the series' future between ABC and Marvel, with the latter simply receiving a call from ABC saying "Agent Carter" was canceled. He added that since the networks decide what content they would like from Marvel Television, "if someone wants to call and say, 'We want a two-hour "Agent Carter" [film special] for May 2017,' . We'll put together the greatest "Agent Carter" movie we can." Atwell added that she was also not part of the conversation to cancel the series and called it "a network political thing" since ABC wanted her to headline the more "mainstream" drama "Conviction" "to get their ratings up" instead of staying on "Agent Carter", which Atwell felt had gained a "cult following". After speculation regarding a revival for the series by Netflix, chief content officer Ted Sarandos stated the streaming service passed on reviving "Agent Carter" because it is "looking for truly original brands to own and in that Marvel space we already have" original Marvel series. He also added that due to existing international broadcasting "deal complexities" for the series, Netflix would not have been able to air "Agent Carter" globally, as "some of those output partners still had it on the air, so they would argue its covered by their output [deals]. Unfortunately, it was a business decision more than a creative one."


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: When the series was canceled shortly after the release of "", in which Carter dies, Meagan Damore of Comic Book Resources felt that "for all intents and purposes" Carter had "effectively been phased out of the Marvel Cinematic Universe", and the universe had subsequently lost "a wonderful role model and...inspiration" to fans of the character and series. Damore lamented the fact that the second season's cliffhanger ending had been left unresolved, and that viewers would never get the chance to see Carter's "happy ending", despite knowing she gets one, leaving the character's "fate unfulfilled, languishing in the obscurity of 'what could have beens. She also noted that Marvel had now lost "the opportunity to show several prominent MCU events, not the least of which is the founding of S.H.I.E.L.D.", and added that despite making "leaps and bounds for women in the MCU, the same [could not] be said for people of color", wishing the series had addressed Asian American women like Hazel Ying Lee, one of 38 Women Airforce Service Pilots who died in the line of duty, or Black women like Harriet Ida Pickens and Frances Wills, the first two Black members of the United States Naval Reserve.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: In March 2015, Butters revealed that there had been discussions with "Thrilling Adventure Hour" co-creator Ben Blacker about turning the fictional "Captain America Adventure Program" radio show from the first season into a real podcast. Butters said these well-received segments had not been part of their original pitch to Marvel, and that a second season renewal for the series would help the podcast's chances. She said the potential episodes would be "little fifteen-minute storylines".


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: Before the cancellation, Atwell said on the series' future, "We think that there could be more to come...the [second season] finale doesn't suggest that that's it and they live happily ever after; that's the end. We know that's not the case. They've done it in a very clever way which wraps up and that gives the audience a very satisfying conclusion but they're not quite finishing it". Fazekas explained that an early idea from Markus and McFeely was to set the third season in London, but "you can put the show anywhere, because it's spies. [The location is] all going to be determined by what story we want to tell. I loved [Los Angeles]. I loved how it looked, I loved how it looked on Peggy. We would be very happy to do another L.A. season, but we're not married to it." Fazekas added that seeds for a third season had been planted throughout the second, and that the end of the second season—with someone shooting Thompson and taking the M. Carter file—was "very much tied to a third season arc", with the shooter and their reasoning already determined. Atwell said the third season would have gone "further back into [Carter's] past" while having "a possible kind of twist... into something to do with [her] family". She also added that more insight would have been provided on Carter's brother, Michael. Writer Jose Molina expanded on this in July 2018, stating that the season would have focused on the investigation of the assassination attempt on Thompson, along with the revelation that Michael was still alive and involved in some "very nefarious, super-villainous shenanigans".


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: D'Arcy went on to reprise his role as Jarvis in the MCU film "" (2019), marking the first time a character introduced in an MCU television series appears in an MCU film. Additionally, Gjokaj reprises his role as Sousa in the seventh season of "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." The episode "Alien Commies from the Future!" is set in 1955, eight years after the events of "Agent Carter" season two, and sees Sousa as the head of the S.H.I.E.L.D.-run Area 51 base. In "Out of the Past", the S.H.I.E.L.D. team fakes Sousa's death, allowing him to join the team as they travel to future time periods.


title: Agent Carter (TV series)

text: While promoting "Endgame", Markus and McFeely were asked about the potential for "Agent Carter" to be revived by Disney's new streaming service Disney+. McFeely acknowledged that the series' fanbase was "really dedicated", but was unsure if there was enough support to justify the cost of making the series and its period setting.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Jonathan Silver Scott (born April 28, 1978) is a Canadian reality television personality, construction contractor, illusionist, and television and film producer.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: He is best known as the co-host, with his twin brother Drew, of the TV series "Property Brothers," as well as the program's spin-offs such as "Buying and Selling", "Brother Vs. Brother", "Forever Homes" and "Property Brothers: At Home", which are broadcast in the U.S. on HGTV. Scott is also co-founder and executive producer of Scott Brothers Entertainment, which creates TV, film, and digital content for North American and international broadcasters. The brothers have written a home-improvement how-to book, a memoir, and children's books about construction. In 2020, they released a magazine related to their brand, called "Reveal". Keeping with their brand, the twins have launched the home goods line Scott Living and its extension, Dream Homes—a consulting and construction firm for luxury home upgrades.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Jonathan studied performance magic since childhood and, through college and until his career in television began, he performed illusions professionally, eventually relocating to Las Vegas. He and Drew have released two country singles as the group The Scott Brothers. He lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, in a home he co-owns with Drew, who lives in Beverly Hills, California.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Jonathan Scott was born on April 28, 1978, four minutes before his identical twin brother Drew, in Vancouver, British Columbia. He has an older brother, JD, and is the second son of Jim and Joanne Scott. Jim had fostered dreams of being a cowboy as he had seen on television, and so emigrated from Scotland to Canada as a teenager. He worked in the film industry as an actor, stuntman, and assistant director until the late 1970s. It was around that time when he decided to focus on raising his family, and they moved to a horse farm in the nearby town of Maple Ridge, British Columbia. James worked as a youth counselor, and Joanne continued her career as a paralegal in downtown Vancouver. On their seventh birthday, their father encouraged the twins to get jobs. They looked through the help wanted ads, but ultimately started a business with their mother called JAM (for Jon, Andrew, and Mom) making nylon-wrapped clothes hangers. In interviews, they have recalled selling them door to door, eventually selling thousands to a woman who sold American paraphernalia in Japan.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The boys' continued job search led them to an ad recruiting child clowns to perform in parades. After completing classes with the local parks and recreation department, they were hired at C$10 a gig, eventually making as much as $100 per hour. Jonathan eventually grew tired of making himself up, and began to transition as a performer. As a child, he had seen a magic show one New Year's Eve that inspired him, and by the age of 10, he was making his own magic props; by 15 he was using a barn as a workshop to create large-scale illusions. He studied the definitive volumes of "Tarbell Course in Magic", and sought out professional illusionists David Wilson and Shawn Farquhar, who became mentors and friends. He joined the Vancouver Magic Circle and the International Brotherhood of Magicians, and over the next decade he won several awards, including 3rd Best Stage Performer of the Pacific Coast Association of Magicians at 16.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: James would commonly renovate the family properties and paid the boys when they were as young as eight to build and repair fences, decks and barns. Even as children, the twins would often rearrange the furniture in their family home. At 14, Jonathan and his father moved to Alberta, where they began building the parents' dream house. He spent his sophomore year there. It is during that period that he took Jonathan Silver as a stage name, using it privately as well. After his grades declined, Jonathan moved back to Maple Ridge to complete high school, returning to Alberta during school breaks with his family and best friend Pedro to assist in the construction.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The boys attended Thomas Haney Secondary School and, while they both played on the basketball and volleyball teams, Jonathan gravitated more to theater and clubs, where he was president of various committees including student government and the graduation committee. After graduation, the family moved into their newly built home, just as the twins were leaving for Calgary to go to university.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: After graduation Scott enrolled at the University of Calgary, majoring in business management. Despite having an interest in going into entertainment, the twins did not want to be "starving artists". After researching the topic, and getting advice from their mother's legal firm, they thought real estate would "ease the financial purgatory of being out-of-work actors". During their first semester in college, using a vendor take-back mortgage, they made a $250 down payment and purchased a seven-bedroom property across the street from their university. They cleaned and repaired it, and sublet the remaining five rooms for a profit of $800 a month. They sold the house a year later at a $50,000 profit. They continued to purchase and "flip" homes at large margins by making only modest repairs themselves, sometimes living in the homes they were renovating.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: At 19, Scott moved to Vancouver and began to build large-scale illusions with the goal of eventually developing a touring theater show. While he was looking for a management company to work with, a fellow magician claiming to be a friend of a friend who was out of the country approached him. After negotiations, Scott agreed to rent him several of his illusions; the man stole the entire production, effectively destroying the show and leaving Scott $80,000 in debt. Even after a successful lawsuit, Scott was unable to collect what he was owed. Depressed and embarrassed, he did not tell his parents about what had happened, and filed for bankruptcy—a decision he regrets. Drew convinced Jonathan to join him as a flight attendant at WestJet, at the time a small, startup airline, allowing them more time to dedicate to flipping houses.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Scott transferred to the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology and the Professional Home Builders Institute to study construction and design, and became licensed as a contractor. In those roles, the twins renovated and sold properties for 15 years. Along the way, they supported themselves with a string of jobs that included busboy, mall security guard, flight attendant, store manager, and website designer. Still planning to pursue careers in entertainment, the twins and their older brother co-founded an independent film production company, Dividian Production Group, in 2002.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: After several negative experiences with real estate brokers, Drew became a licensed realtor, and Jonathan acquired his own license soon after. That same year, the twins founded Scott Real Estate Inc., a company to provide clients with a "one stop shop" for services in the buying, selling, and renovation of homes, as well as in design consulting and staging open houses. In January 2006, however, Drew moved to Vancouver and gave himself a year to pursue his acting career in earnest. As the year came to a close, he took out a license in Vancouver, and opened a Scott Real Estate branch there. Scott remained in Calgary to run the business alone, sometimes working as many as 18 hours a day. He married his fiancée in July 2007.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Before getting married, Scott and his wife had regularly visited Las Vegas, drawn to the city's live entertainment scene. When the Canadian real estate market collapsed in 2008, Scott saw an opportunity to buy cheap properties in the U.S., where the recession was further along. Convincing JD to come with them, Scott and his wife left for Las Vegas that December, making their home in the nearby suburb of Summerlin, Nevada. Scott opened a third branch of Scott Real Estate and, considering the depressed market, switched to leasing properties, but at only 80 percent of market rates, to help renters who were recovering from the ongoing recession. At the same time, the move to Las Vegas put him in proximity to live venues and opportunities to perform magic. He began to explore ways to revive his career as an illusionist, at least on a part-time basis.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: In Vancouver, Drew was offered an audition for a show called "Realtor Idol", based on the "American Idol" format. The show never materialized, but when the producers learned he had a brother who was a contractor, they developed a show around the pair tentatively called "My Dream Home"; that company would later film the pilot for "Property Brothers". Multiple North American networks turned down the show before it was picked up for a full season by the W Network in Canada. After becoming the number-one-rated show on the network, HGTV (under Scripps Networks Interactive) signed on as a distributor, having previously passed on the show. Meanwhile, the twins delegated their private clients to colleagues in their network of brokers and trade professionals, and Scott put his magic aspirations on hold.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: In 2010, Dividian Production Group became Scott Brothers Entertainment, and the brothers expanded it into a TV, film, and digital production company with offices in the U.S. and Canada. The success of "Property Brothers" spawned several spinoffs, including "Buying and Selling" (2012 – present) and "Brother vs. Brother" (2013 – present). By 2014, the shows' combined viewership was more than 26 million. As their filming schedule grew, they stopped accepting private clients. The franchise has since expanded to include other one-off series like "Brothers Take New Orleans" and the 2016 web series "In the Scott Seat".


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The twins decided to sell their homes and jointly purchase a property in 2011, with the goal of establishing a hub for their extended family and friends. Scott, now separated from his wife, began searching for a place that met all of their criteria (primarily within 20 minutes of the airport), and they ultimately purchased a foreclosed house for $400,000. Scott moved in first, living alone for three years before they began improvements. With a renovation budget of , the project became the basis of a fourth television series, "Property Brothers: At Home". It was also the first production under the umbrella of Scott Brothers Entertainment. The show premiered in 2014 in the United States, as well as in 2015 on the W Network in Canada. With the success of "Property Brothers: At Home", in 2015, Scott and his brothers created another spin-off series called ""; they returned to Alberta to complete a 10-week renovation on a family friend's Rocky Mountain estate. Scott co-starred in the series' third installment, "", a five-episode chronicle of Drew and his fiancée, Linda Phan, remodeling their home in Los Angeles. It premiered in November 2017. Jonathan also appeared in "Drew and Linda Say I Do", the June 2018 TLC special that chronicled Drew's wedding. Jonathan delivered a tearful, widely reported on best man speech.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: "" debuted on May 28, 2019, an addition to the franchise that focuses on upgrading people's current homes.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: "A Very Brady Renovation", a program about the brothers' restoration of the home used on the 1970s program "The Brady Bunch", is premiered September 9, 2019.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: In 2013, the twins and their brother JD hosted the radio show "Off Topic with the Scott Brothers" for Canada's Corus Entertainment. The twins also appeared on a 2016 episode of the NPR radio show "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!".


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: In 2015, the twins created an outdoor furniture line called Scott Living that launched on QVC. It has since expanded to include indoor offerings, and their products are available at retailers including Lowe's, Costco, Orchard, and Bed Bath & Beyond. By the end of 2016, the brand had revenues of over $100 million. Dream Homes (an extension of the brand), designs high-end, customized architecture and home elements for homeowners with budgets in the millions of dollars. Every aspect can be customized, and a team of designers based in Las Vegas provide design ideas. Clients ask for features like "a helipad, a 20-car garage, or a million-dollar theater room".


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The twins have been sought out as experts in their fields and are invited to lectures and workshops as guest speakers to provide insight on the real estate business. Scott is a vocal proponent of renewable energy; around 2000, he converted his home to run on wind energy; his current home in Las Vegas runs on solar energy. In December 2016, Scott participated in the sixth annual "24 Hours of Reality" broadcast, advocating for the repeal of laws that discourage residential solar power installation. That same year, he began work on a documentary series about the energy landscape in North America, emphasizing the viability of solar energy. The twins have also accepted invitations to such notable events as the "Realscreen" Summit, CES, and RootsTech. On August 9, 2019, Jonathan released an ebook called "Knowledge is Power" is conjunction with The Climate Reality Project that explains how consumers can integrate solar power into residential building projects.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: They are also regulars on the talk show circuit, often to promote their latest ventures, and have appeared on shows including: "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "Chelsea", and "Today". Great American Country's end-of-the-year Top 50 Country Countdown reached out to the twins to host the annual program on December 22, 2013. The twins appeared as chef's table guests in the 16th season of "Hell's Kitchen". Drew sat with Melissa Rivers in the blue kitchen, while Jonathan sat with Ashley Greene in the red kitchen. The twins designed a house for the models on "America's Next Top Model".


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The brothers hosted a Carnival cruise called Sailing with the Scotts in November 2015, and December 2018. They wrote their first book, "Dream Home", in 2015; It was released the next April, debuting at ninth on "The New York Times" Best Seller list for advice/how-to books, and third on the "Wall Street Journal" Best-Selling Books list for nonfiction. The twins appeared in the first five episodes of the web series "Tiny House Arrest", produced by their production company, which debuted in January 2016.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: As part of "At Home on the Ranch", the twins sang and recorded (for the first time as The Scott Brothers) two country singles. The first, "Hold On", premiered during the third episode of the series, and "Let the Night Shine In" debuted during the fourth. Both tracks were co-written by the twins and Nashville songwriters Victoria Shaw and Chad Carlson. "Hold On" hit number 38 on "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart and was accompanied by a music video that has more than 5 million views on Vevo. Jonathan performed "Hold On" at the Country Music Association's celebration of music education in New Orleans in September 2016.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The songs opened the door for Jonathan and Drew to be invited as guest presenters at the Grand Ole Opry in March 2016, and they hosted the Friday night Nissan Stadium show of the Country Music Association (CMA) Music Fest 2016. On January 12, 2017, The Scott Brothers released a third song, "My House", featuring Eric Paslay, and announced that all of the proceeds would be donated to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. The song's accompanying music video was filmed at the twins' home in Las Vegas and features various celebrity cameos, including Carrot Top, Lindsay Ell, and RaeLynn.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The Scotts' high school drama teacher used her connections to get them small TV roles, including in a Molson Canadian commercial that aired during the Grey Cup. Scott also appeared on the teen comedy "Breaker High" and the "X-Files". He sat on the executive board for ACTRA (the Canadian equivalent of SAG-AFTRA) for years. Scott has caught the attention of the producers of "The Bachelor", but he turned down three separate offers to be on the show (twice in the US and once in Canada), saying that being on the show would give him "so much anxiety." To publicize the 2013 release of Bob Dylan's 35-album box set, a new video for "Like a Rolling Stone" was released on Dylan's website. The twins were invited to be among those lip-synching the lyrics. The twins played themselves in the USA Network comedy "Playing House" in 2015.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Scott considers David Copperfield an inspiration, and first saw him perform in Vancouver at age 12. He met him often after moving to Nevada. As an adult, Scott has performed shows in Las Vegas, including at Murray SawChuck's show at the Laugh Factory. He occasionally performs tricks during media appearances or for charity events. He has been a member of the International Brotherhood of Magicians for more than 20 years, and has created illusions for other magicians in Las Vegas. He has expressed his desire to pursue magic as a career again.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The Scott brothers are known for their sense of humor and playful sibling rivalry. In contrast with Drew (who is often in a suit and tie), contractor Jonathan is more casual, or the "rugged, flannel-shirt-outfitted half". He is also partial to plaid. Drew has referred to his brother's aesthetic as "slow-motion renovation in tight jeans". Both men stand over tall.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: The twins have become sex symbols. ET Canada included them on its Hottest Bachelor list in 2011. The twins made "People"s list of Men of the Year in 2014, its 50 Most Beautiful People issue in both 2013 and 2014, and its Sexiest Man Alive issue in 2013, 2014 and 2017. They were number 13 on "Hello! Canada"s Most Beautiful List of 2014. BuzzFeed included them on their 2015 list of HGTV's 15 All-Time Hottest Hotties. They garnered the second-largest crowd ever at Mall of America, second only to the British boy band One Direction.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: HGTV has recognized their status, saying: "We know that twin brothers and HGTV fan favorites Drew and Jonathan Scott are good-looking, talented and ever-so-popular with the ladies." Kathleen Finch, the president of HGTV, has called the twins "the cable equivalent of box-office movie stars". After the debut of "Brother Vs. Brother", "Glamour" wrote, "Yes, we've all always harbored massive crushes on the twins, but let's just say they are taking their sex appeal to all new levels—ripped-shirts, greased-muscles, water-sprayed levels of hotness."


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Scott has sizable followings on various social media platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Periscope, where he universally uses the handle "MrSilverScott". Mashable even called him a "master" at social media. With brother Drew, he created videos on the now-defunct platform Vine. The two worked with famous "Viners" including Vincent Marcus, Manon Mathews, Sara Hopkins, BrittleStar, NeatDude, and Gregor Reynolds. "People" named one of his Vines, of the twins doing pull-ups, a Vine of the Day.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Scott is actively involved in youth initiatives, having performed magic for children in a hospital's oncology ward, raised money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and partnered with former US First Lady Michelle Obama on her 5th Annual "Let's Read Let's Move" campaign. Designed to encourage children to be more active, the twins' involvement in the campaign included reading to more than 100 underprivileged children and leading them in an obstacle course. With his brothers, he is also a global ambassador for World Vision Canada, a Christian relief, development and advocacy organization. The three brothers went to New Delhi and visited slums as part of their commitment to No Child For Sale, which targets the fight against child labour and trafficking. They participated with Target for a school library makeover, which seeks to "remodel school libraries to ignite a love of reading and help put more children on the path to graduation". They also support pediatric cancer research through St. Baldrick's Foundation.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Jonathan has collaborated with the network of artists involved in Paul Haggis' Artists for Peace and Justice, a nonprofit organization that supports communities in Haiti through programs in education and health. In November 2017, Habitat for Humanity selected both brothers for its highest honor, Habitat Humanitarians. According to the organization, the honor was "in recognition and furtherance of their dedication to Habitat for Humanity's vision of a world where everyone has a decent place to live".


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Scott has two small dogs, Gracie and Stewie, whom he calls his "kids". In an interview with "People", he said he wanted to have children before he was age 45, adding that he would adopt if he is not in a relationship.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: While filming the first season of "Property Brothers", Jonathan said he became depressed, not socializing for over six months, which Drew helped him through. The twins, along with their brother JD, maintain a "no B.S." policy that means they are always honest with each other when something bothers them, and then try to move on from it; they credit this with helping them get along.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: Scott appeared in a Nevada political ad supporting an amendment to the Nevada constitution that would have deregulated the state's energy market.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: In the summer of 2007, Scott married long-time girlfriend Kelsy Ully, a WestJet crew scheduler. After they moved to Las Vegas, he wrote later, her model/waitress job at a day club damaged their relationship. They separated in 2010, and eventually divorced.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: In an interview with HollywoodLife, Scott revealed that he and Zooey Deschanel had started dating after meeting on an August 2019 segment of "Carpool Karaoke". The announcement came one week after Deschanel announced that she and her husband, Jacob Pechenik, were divorcing.


title: Jonathan Scott (television personality)

text: After being nominated in 2011, the twins won the 2012 Leo Award (the awards program for the British Columbia film and television industry) for Best Host(s) in an Information or Lifestyle Series for "Property Brothers". In 2012, they were nominated for a Rose d'Or award, an award in entertainment broadcasting and programming, in the lifestyle show category. "Property Brothers" was nominated for Outstanding Structured Reality Program at the 2015 Emmy Awards.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Michael Christopher Starr (April 4, 1966 – March 8, 2011) was an American musician best known as the original bassist for the rock band Alice in Chains, with which he played from the band's formation in 1987 until January 1993. He was also a member of Sato, Gypsy Rose, Sun Red Sun and Days Of The New. In 2011, Starr died of a prescription drug overdose at the age of 44.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In 1983, Starr formed the heavy metal band Sato. Their song "Leather Warrior" appeared on "Northwest Metalfest", a compilation album featuring various metal acts released in 1984 by Seattle label Ground Zero Records. Starr briefly joined another band, Gypsy Rose, which included early Alice N' Chains producer Tim Branom on lead vocals and his future bandmate Jerry Cantrell on guitar. Starr and Cantrell left Gypsy Rose and started working in other bands. Cantrell wanted to form a new band and his roommate, Layne Staley, gave him the phone number of Melinda Starr, the girlfriend of drummer Sean Kinney, so that Cantrell could talk to him. Kinney and his girlfriend went to the Music Bank and listened to Cantrell's demos. Cantrell mentioned that they needed a bass player to jam with them and he had someone in mind: Mike Starr, with whom Cantrell had played in the band Gypsy Rose in Burien. Kinney pointed at his girlfriend and said: "that's weird cause that's his sister". Kinney called Starr and a few days later he jammed with him and Cantrell at the Music Bank. However, the band did not have a singer. The trio then began staging what Cantrell and Kinney later said were fake auditions in order to coax Staley into joining their band. Eventually, Staley quit the other bands he was performing with at that time and joined their band on a full-time basis.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: This band gained attention in the Seattle area playing under several different monikers before they eventually settled on the name Alice in Chains, which they had taken from Staley's previous band Alice N' Chains. The band was later signed to a record deal with Columbia Records and enjoyed extensive success via record sales and radio play in the grunge rock movement of the early 1990s.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Starr parted ways with Alice in Chains just as the band was achieving its greatest commercial success while touring behind the album "Dirt" in 1993. According to the band's lead vocalist Layne Staley in a February 1994 "Rolling Stone" article, Starr's departure from Alice in Chains stemmed from "just a difference in priorities. We wanted to continue intense touring and press, Mike was ready to go home." Starr, however, contradicted this account on an episode of "Celebrity Rehab", claiming that he was kicked out of the band due to his escalating drug use.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Starr later was hired to play bass for the band Sun Red Sun, which featured Ray Gillen and Bobby Rondinelli, both former members of Black Sabbath. The project was cut short by Gillen's death in 1993. After the disbandment of Sun Red Sun, Starr stopped playing music professionally until 2010, as his drug use spiraled out of control.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In 2010, Starr recorded a cover of Sonic Youth's "Kool Thing" with singer Leiana. The song premiered on radio during Starr's last interview, which was for Dr. Drew Pinsky's show "Loveline" aired on February 16, 2010. That same year, Starr was reportedly putting together a new band which had secured a spot opening for the band Days of the New.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Starr claimed that Layne Staley saved his life when Alice in Chains was on tour in January 1993 with Nirvana in Brazil. According to Starr, both Staley and Kurt Cobain gave him shots of heroin one night on tour. Right after Staley had shot him up again, Starr collapsed, but Staley revived him by giving him CPR. Starr recalled waking up to find Staley hysterically crying.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In April 1994, Starr was arrested for drug possession at Houston's Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas. As he was trying to check in for a flight to Los Angeles with a suitcase that he stole from the baggage claim area, authorities at the airport searched him and found he was carrying marijuana. He was sentenced to 30 days in a jail in Houston. Starr admitted stealing the luggage after he discovered that his own luggage was damaged.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In an interview on VH1's "Celebrity Rehab" with Layne Staley's mother, Nancy McCallum, Starr said that he spent time with Staley on April 4, 2002 (the day before Staley died). Starr claimed that Staley was very sick, refused to call 911, and would sever their friendship if Starr called 911. The two ex-bandmates briefly argued, and Starr stormed out. Starr stated that Staley called after him as he left: "Not like this, don't leave like this". Staley is believed to have died a day later, on April 5; Starr was the last person known to have seen Staley alive. The interview ended with Starr apologizing to McCallum for not calling 911. McCallum was insistent that neither she nor anyone in her family blamed Starr for Staley's death. She also told Starr: "Layne would forgive you. He'd say, 'Hey, I did this. Not you.'" Starr still blamed himself for Staley's death. Starr kept this story a secret until his appearance on "Celebrity Rehab" in February 2010. "I wish I hadn't been high on Benzodiazepine [that night], I wouldn't have just walked out the door", Starr said. Both Jerry Cantrell and Sean Kinney criticized the show "Celebrity Rehab", calling it "disgusting". However, they stopped short of criticizing their former bandmate and expressed hope that Starr would turn his life around.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Starr was convicted of felony drug possession in 2003, and a bench warrant was issued on August 25, 2003, when he failed to appear for sentencing.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Also in 2003, Starr and his father, John Starr, were arrested for allegedly doing drugs on a Southwest flight from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City. John Starr said he was taking his son to drug rehabilitation in Seattle at the time. Investigators found the Starrs to be in possession of a syringe and balloons filled with heroin. Mike Starr had other drugs in his pockets, and the Starrs had drug paraphernalia in their luggage. Starr claimed his father forced him to shoot up on the plane.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In April 2005, Starr was arrested in Seattle for vandalism after he was caught pulling the hood ornament off a car. It was reported that his past charges included DUI, reckless driving, and various drug charges.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: On September 28, 2009, Starr was arrested in Los Angeles on drug charges. The arrest was a felony narcotics charge. He was held at the Bauchet Street Jail with bail set at $100,000.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Starr was featured in the third season of the VH1 reality television series "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew" in 2010, which documented his treatment for methadone addiction beginning in August 2009 at the Pasadena Recovery Center. His subsequent stint staying in a sober living environment was then documented on the spinoff "Sober House". He and fellow recovering addicts Mackenzie Phillips and Tom Sizemore appeared in the eighth episode of "Celebrity Rehab"'s fourth season to provide testimonials about their recovery to that season's patients. During this appearance, Starr marked six months and seven days of sobriety.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In February 2011, Starr was arrested in Salt Lake City for investigation of drug possession and on an outstanding warrant from 2003. Starr was the passenger in a van that was pulled over for a routine traffic violation. According to jail documents, Starr was illegally in possession of prescription medication.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: On March 8, 2011, at 1:42 pm, police were called to a home in Salt Lake City where they found Starr's body. There were no indications of foul play, and authorities suspected Starr died of a drug overdose. A public memorial was held for Starr at Experience Music Project in Seattle on March 20, 2011. There were roughly 400 people in attendance. A private memorial was also held, which was attended by Starr's former bandmates Jerry Cantrell and Sean Kinney. Dr. Drew Pinsky has said that Starr's death was the result of "a prescription drug overdose." Drug addiction counselor Bob Forrest has described Starr and fellow "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew" alum Jeff Conaway (who died two and a half months later) as having "such severe addictions."


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In 2013, Alice in Chains drummer Sean Kinney added the initials "LSMS" on his drum kit, a tribute to Layne Staley and Mike Starr. Kinney explained: "There's been six people in this band and that's it", and Cantrell added, "And we're all up there".


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: On September 19, 2013, Jerry Cantrell paid tribute to both Starr and Layne Staley before performing the song "Nutshell" with Alice in Chains at the Rock in Rio concert in Brazil. For the show in São Paulo on September 26, the band had T-shirts of Brazil national football team with the names "Staley" and "Starr" on display on the stage. Since then, Cantrell has always paid tribute to Staley and Starr before performing "Nutshell" at concerts.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: Jerry Cantrell revealed that the lyrics "Left me here so all alone, only for me to find/Hear your voice on waves we rode, echoes inside my mind/Disembodied, just a trace of what it was like then/With you here, we shared a space that's always half empty" from the song "Rainier Fog" are about Staley and Starr. The song was featured on Alice in Chains' 2018 album, "Rainier Fog".


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In 2015, a signature bass for Starr made by Spector was announced and released, the Euro4LX Mike Starr LE. Work on this signature model had begun before Starr's passing, and was resumed later after his family had reached out to continue it. It was available as a limited run only for 2015.


title: Mike Starr (musician)

text: In October 2017, Lost Realm Records released a 500-copy limited edition CD+DVD deluxe package of 10 songs, taken from the original master tapes and digitally remastered, and live performances by Starr's previous band Sato, titled "Leather Warriors – Sato Anthology 82/86"; this package was dedicated to Starr's memory. In December 2019, Lost Realm announced an upcoming 250-copy limited edition vinyl release of "Leather Warriors".


title: J. B. Smoove

text: Jerry Angelo Brooks (born December 16, 1965), commonly known by his stage name J. B. Smoove, is an American actor, comedian and writer. After beginning his career in 1995 on "Def Comedy Jam", he was a writer and performer on NBC's "Saturday Night Live" (2003–06). He is best known for his starring roles on HBO's "Curb Your Enthusiasm" (2007–present) and the CBS sitcom "The Millers" (2013–15). He also portrayed a fictionalized version of himself on the BET improv-comedy reality television parody "Real Husbands of Hollywood" (2013–16).


title: J. B. Smoove

text: Smoove was born in Plymouth, North Carolina, to parents Elizabeth and Floyd Brooks. From the time he was three years old, he grew up in Mount Vernon, New York. He spent a significant amount of time with his mother and extended maternal family in the Plymouth area, which he has said inspired much of his pursuit of comedy and comedy style. In Mount Vernon, he grew up in the Levister Towers housing projects with his two younger brothers. Smoove's father died from diabetes when Smoove was 15 years old.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In 1983, Smoove graduated from Mount Vernon High School. He attended Norfolk State University in Virginia, studying engineering and graphic design.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: Smoove has had recurring roles on "Everybody Hates Chris" and "Saturday Night Live". On "SNL", he worked as a writer (and had bit roles in sketches, including playing Jimmy "JJ" Walker in a parody of the 1970s sitcom "Good Times") and was a recipient of the 2007 Writers Guild of America award for Best Comedy/Variety Series (Including Talk). He was on "Saturday Night Live" for three years.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: Smoove has been a regular cast member on the HBO comedy "Curb Your Enthusiasm" since its sixth season in 2007, playing Leon Black. Smoove got the role of Leon on "Curb Your Enthusiasm" after his stint on "SNL." Although he was at that time based on the East Coast, he was in Los Angeles for his friend, music producer Oji Pierce's funeral, so was able to audition for "Curb Your Enthusiasm." Smoove wrote a book as his "Curb Your Enthusiasm" character, Leon, which was released on October 10, 2017.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: He had a major role for seasons two and three on the FOX network sitcom "'Til Death" with Brad Garrett and Joely Fisher. In June 2008, he taped several episodes of "The Gong Show with Dave Attell" as one of the celebrity judges. Smoove was also a cast member on the short-lived sketch comedy program "Cedric the Entertainer Presents". He hosted the standup comedy series "Russell Simmons Presents: Stand-Up at The El Rey" on Comedy Central in July 2010 and also appeared on an episode of "The Simpsons" titled '"" in February 2011. Also in 2011, he starred in the "American Dad!" episode "The Worst Stan" and appeared in an episode of "" called "Dude, Where's My Wade".


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In 2012, his first televised comedy special, "JB Smoove: That's How I Dooz It", premiered on Comedy Central. The DVD of the special was released April 3, 2012. In 2013, Smoove voiced Hackus in "The Smurfs 2". Smoove appeared in "Movie 43" in the segment "The Proposition" alongside Anna Faris and Chris Pratt. He was the substitute co-host of the New York City morning talk show "Good Day New York" with Rosanna Scotto on April 9, 2012. He had a cameo as a grave digger in the episode of "Louie" entitled "Barney/Never". He also played a supporting role in Season 4, Episode 7 "The Vapora Sport" in the American sitcom "The League" on FX. He plays Wheelchair Guy, with whom the main characters have recurring comedic run-ins. He plays one of the "Replacers" for "". He was in the show "Real Husbands of Hollywood," where he played a fictionalized version of himself.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: Smoove hosts a talk show on the MSG Network called "Four Courses With JB Smoove". He provides the voice of Dr. Ray De Angelo Harris, host of the Chakra Attack radio show in the video game "Grand Theft Auto V". Smoove appeared in the 2013 film "Dealin' with Idiots" as Coach Ted. In 2013, he became a regular cast member of the CBS comedy "The Millers", playing the character Ray.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In the summer of 2014, Smoove hosted the eighth season of the NBC reality series "Last Comic Standing".


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In July 2016, Smoove appeared on comedian Jerry Seinfeld's web series, "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee".


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In 2019, Smoove attended the final dinner service of "Hell’s Kitchen"'s eighteenth season "Hell's Kitchen: Rookies vs. Veterans" as a chef’s table guest in the blue kitchen that was run by runner-up Mia Castro. He appeared as a guest judge on the first season of the FOX reality singing competition "The Masked Singer". He also voiced Frank in "Harley Quinn" beginning in 2019, as well as playing Julius Dell in the Marvel Studios film "" and its 2021 sequel "".


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In 2020, Smoove starred in "Mapleworth Murders" opposite Paula Pell and John Lutz for Quibi. Smoove won the 2021 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series for his role.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In April 2021, Smoove, alongside his cohost Miles Grose, created "May I Elaborate? Daily Wisdom from JB Smoove", a podcast on the Team Coco podcast network. Beginning in the fall of 2021, Smoove had a recurring role as the titular Caesar in multiple commercials for the Caesars Sportsbook mobile app, appearing alongside Patton Oswalt, Halle Berry, Vince Vaughn, and the Manning family.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: Smoove serves on the board of directors of the Boys & Girls Club of Mount Vernon. On November 7, 2017, he emceed the Boys and Girls Clubs Future Leaders Gala at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, CA.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In 2007, Smoove married singer Shahidah Omar. They live together in Los Angeles. He has an adult daughter from a previous relationship. He shortened his name, Jerry Brooks, to "J. B." and added "Smoove" as his last name when he began performing stand-up comedy. He is a fan of the New York Knicks, New York Yankees and the New York Jets.


title: J. B. Smoove

text: In 2019, Smoove played for the "Home" roster during the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game at the Bojangles' Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. The roster was made up of celebrities with Carolina roots.


title: Retail banking

text: Retail banking, also known as consumer banking or personal banking, is the provision of services by a bank to the general public, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks, which are often described as wholesale banking. Banking services which are regarded as retail include provision of savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. Retail banking is also distinguished from investment banking or commercial banking. It may also refer to a division or department of a bank which deals with individual customers.


title: Retail banking

text: In the U.S., the term commercial bank is used for a "normal" bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the Glass–Steagall Act restricted normal banks to banking activities, and investment banks to capital market activities. That distinction was repealed in the 1990s. Commercial bank can also refer to a bank or a division of a bank that deals mostly with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses, as opposed to individual members of the public (retail banking).


title: Retail banking

text: In some countries, such as the U.S., retail bank services also include more specialised accounts, such as:


title: Fiction

text: Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditional narrow sense, "fiction" refers to written narratives in prose often referring specifically to novels, novellas, and short stories. More broadly, however, fiction encompasses imaginary narratives expressed in any medium, including not just writings but also live theatrical performances, films, television programs, radio dramas, comics, role-playing games, and video games.


title: Fiction

text: Typically, the fictionality of a work is publicly marketed and so the audience expects the work to deviate in some ways from the real world rather than presenting, for instance, only factually accurate portrayals or characters who are actual people. Because fiction is generally understood to not fully adhere to the real world, the themes and context of a work, such as if and how it relates to real-world issues or events, are open to interpretation. Characters and events within some fictional works may even exist in their own context entirely separate from the known physical universe: an independent fictional universe. The creative art of constructing an imaginary world is known as worldbuilding.


title: Fiction

text: In contrast to fiction, creators of non-fiction works assume responsibility for presenting only information (and sometimes opinion) based in historical and factual reality. Despite the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction, some modern works blur this boundary, particularly ones that fall under certain experimental storytelling genres—including some postmodern fiction, autofiction, or creative nonfiction like non-fiction novels and docudramas—as well as the deliberate literary fraud of falsely marketing fiction as nonfiction.


title: Fiction

text: Storytelling has existed in all human cultures, and each culture incorporates different elements of truth and fiction into storytelling. Early fiction was closely associated with history and myth. Greek poets such as Homer, Hesiod, and Aesop developed fictional stories that were told first through oral storytelling and then in writing. Prose fiction was developed in Ancient Greece, influenced by the storytelling traditions of Asia and Egypt. Distinctly fictional work was not recognized as separate from historical or mythological stories until the imperial period. Plasmatic narrative, following entirely invented characters and events, was developed through ancient drama and New Comedy. One common structure among early fiction is a series of strange and fantastic adventures as early writers test the limits of fiction writing. Milesian tales were an early example of fiction writing in Ancient Greece and Italy. As fiction writing developed in Ancient Greece, relatable characters and plausible scenarios were emphasized to better connect with the audience, including elements such as romance, piracy, and religious ceremonies. Heroic romance was developed in medieval Europe, incorporating elements associated with fantasy, including supernatural elements and chivalry.


title: Fiction

text: The structure of the modern novel was developed by Miguel de Cervantes with "Don Quixote" in the early-17th century. The novel became a primary medium of fiction in the 18th and 19th centuries. They were often associated with Enlightenment ideas such as empiricism and agnosticism. Realism developed as a literary style at this time. New forms of mass media developed in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, including popular-fiction magazines and early film. Interactive fiction was developed in the late-20th century through video games.


title: Fiction

text: Characters are the main actors within a work of fiction that carry out the story. They typically take the form of humans with names, identities, and character traits, and they typically engage in actions and speech to convey their motives. Characters may be entirely imaginary, or they may have a basis in real-life individuals. In literary fiction, study of the characters is the work's purpose. Memorable characters provide value and iconography to fictional stories. Fictional characters can be perceived similarly to real people by the audience. First impressions are influential in how a character is initially perceived, while familiarity with a character results in expected behaviors. Characters that behave contrary to their previous characterization can be confusing or jarring to the audience. The audience can also form social connections with characters, feeling for them as if they were real.


title: Fiction

text: Plot is the sequence of events that occurs in a work of fiction. It occurs through cause and effect in which actions produce reactions and cause the story to progress. The plot often corresponds to a conflict between characters or within a character and presents stakes that are at risk within the story. Plot is structured through a series of scenes in which related events occur that lead to subsequent scenes. These events form plot points that cause changes to the story or the character.


title: Fiction

text: Setting is the time, place, and circumstance in which a story takes place. It includes the physical surroundings that the characters experience and the social conventions that affect characters. The setting may resemble a character in that it has specific traits, undergoes actions that affect the plot, and develops over the course of the story.


title: Fiction

text: Theme is the underlying idea or message presented by a work. It is more abstract than other elements and can be applied to other circumstances as a broader concept. Theme is a subjective element that is interpreted by the audience and may or may not be intended by the work's creator. The audience may come to different conclusions about a work's theme or develop new ideas about its theme as the work progresses.


title: Fiction

text: Traditionally, fiction includes novels, short stories, fables, legends, myths, fairy tales, epic and narrative poetry, plays (including operas, musicals, dramas, puppet plays, and various kinds of theatrical dances). However, fiction may also encompass comic books, and many animated cartoons, stop motions, anime, manga, films, video games, radio programs, television programs (comedies and dramas), etc.


title: Fiction

text: The Internet has had a major impact on the creation and distribution of fiction, calling into question the feasibility of copyright as a means to ensure royalties are paid to copyright holders. Also, digital libraries such as Project Gutenberg make public domain texts more readily available. The combination of inexpensive home computers, the Internet, and the creativity of its users has also led to new forms of fiction, such as interactive computer games or computer-generated comics. Countless forums for fan fiction can be found online, where loyal followers of specific fictional realms create and distribute derivative stories. The Internet is also used for the development of blog fiction, where a story is delivered through a blog either as flash fiction or serial blog, and collaborative fiction, where a story is written sequentially by different authors, or the entire text can be revised by anyone using a wiki.


title: Fiction

text: The definition of literary fiction is controversial. It may refer to any work of fiction in a written form. However, various other definitions exist, including a written work of fiction that:


title: Fiction

text: Literary fiction is often used as a synonym for literature, in the narrow sense of writings specifically considered to be an art form. While literary fiction is sometimes regarded as superior to genre fiction, the two are not mutually exclusive, and major literary figures have employed the genres of science fiction, crime fiction, romance, etc., to create works of literature. Furthermore, the study of genre fiction has developed within academia in recent decades.


title: Fiction

text: The term is sometimes used such as to equate literary fiction to literature. The accuracy of this is debated. Neal Stephenson has suggested that while any definition will be simplistic there is today a general cultural difference between literary and genre fiction. On the one hand literary authors nowadays are frequently supported by patronage, with employment at a university or a similar institution, and with the continuation of such positions determined not by book sales but by critical acclaim by other established literary authors and critics. On the other hand, he suggests, genre fiction writers tend to support themselves by book sales. However, in an interview, John Updike lamented that "the category of 'literary fiction' has sprung up recently to torment people like me who just set out to write books, and if anybody wanted to read them, terrific, the more the merrier. ... I'm a genre writer of a sort. I write literary fiction, which is like spy fiction or chick lit". Likewise, on "The Charlie Rose Show", he argued that this term, when applied to his work, greatly limited him and his expectations of what might come of his writing, so he does not really like it. He suggested that all his works are literary, simply because "they are written in words".


title: Fiction

text: Literary fiction often involves social commentary, political criticism, or reflection on the human condition. In general, it focuses on "introspective, in-depth character studies" of "interesting, complex and developed" characters. This contrasts with genre fiction where plot is the central concern. Usually in literary fiction the focus is on the "inner story" of the characters who drive the plot, with detailed motivations to elicit "emotional involvement" in the reader. The style of literary fiction is often described as "elegantly written, lyrical, and ... layered". The tone of literary fiction can be darker than genre fiction, while the pacing of literary fiction may be slower than popular fiction. As Terrence Rafferty notes, "literary fiction, by its nature, allows itself to dawdle, to linger on stray beauties even at the risk of losing its way".


title: Fiction

text: Based on how literary fiction is defined, genre fiction may be a subset (written fiction that aligns to a particular genre), or its opposite: an evaluative label for written fiction that comprises popular culture, as artistically or intellectually inferior to high culture. Regardless, fiction is commonly broken down into a variety of genres: categories of fiction, each differentiated by a particular unifying tone or style; set of narrative techniques, archetypes, or other tropes; media content; or other popularly defined criterion.


title: Fiction

text: Science fiction predicts or supposes technologies that are not realities at the time of the work's creation: Jules Verne's novel "From the Earth to the Moon" was published in 1865, but only in 1969 did astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to land on the Moon.


title: Fiction

text: Historical fiction places imaginary characters into real historical events. In the 1814 historical novel "Waverley", Sir Walter Scott's fictional character Edward Waverley meets a figure from history, Bonnie Prince Charlie, and takes part in the Battle of Prestonpans. Some works of fiction are slightly or greatly re-imagined based on some originally true story, or a reconstructed biography. Often, even when the fictional story is based on fact, there may be additions and subtractions from the true story to make it more interesting. An example is Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried", a 1990 series of short stories about the Vietnam War.


title: Fiction

text: Fictional works that explicitly involve supernatural, magical, or scientifically impossible elements are often classified under the genre of fantasy, including Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings", and J. K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series. Creators of fantasy sometimes introduce imaginary creatures and beings such as dragons and fairies.


title: Fiction

text: Fiction writing is the process by which an author or creator produces a fictional work. Some elements of the writing process may be planned in advance, while others may come about spontaneously. Fiction writers use different writing styles and have distinct writers' voices when writing fictional stories.


title: Fiction

text: Realistic fiction typically involves a story whose basic setting (time and location in the world) is real and whose events could feasibly happen in a real-world setting; in contrast, speculative fiction typically involves a story where the opposite is the case, often being set in an entirely imaginary universe, an alternative history of the world other than that currently understood as true, or some other non-existent location or time-period, sometimes even presenting impossible technology or defiance of the currently understood laws of nature. However, all types of fiction arguably invite their audience to explore real ideas, issues, or possibilities in an otherwise imaginary setting or using what is understood about reality to mentally construct something similar to reality, though still distinct from it.


title: Fiction

text: In terms of the traditional separation between fiction and non-fiction, the lines are now commonly understood as blurred, showing more overlap than mutual exclusion. Even fiction usually has elements of or grounding in, truth. The distinction between the two may be best defined from the perspective of the audience, according to whom a work is regarded as non-fiction if its people, places, and events are all historically or factually real, while a work is regarded as fiction if it deviates from reality in any of those areas. The distinction between fiction and non-fiction is further obscured by an understanding, on the one hand, that the truth can be presented through imaginary channels and constructions, while, on the other hand, imagination can just as well bring about significant conclusions about truth and reality.


title: Fiction

text: Literary critic James Wood argues that "fiction is both artifice and verisimilitude", meaning that it requires both creative inventions as well as some acceptable degree of believability, a notion often encapsulated in poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge's term: willing suspension of disbelief. Also, infinite fictional possibilities themselves signal the impossibility of fully knowing reality, provocatively demonstrating that there is no criterion to measure constructs of reality.


title: Bachelor (2021 film)

text: Bachelor is a 2021 India Tamil-language adult romantic courtroom drama film written and directed by debutant Sathish Selvakumar. Produced by G.Dillibabu under the banner of Axess Film Factory. The film stars G.V. Prakash Kumar and Divya Bharathi (in her Tamil debut).


title: Bachelor (2021 film)

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics, praising G.V. Prakash's & Divya Bharathi's performance, lead pair chemistry, sound design & music but criticised the film's lengthy duration (176 minute runtime) & screenplay of the latter half of the film. Despite criticism, the film was successful at the box office.


title: Bachelor (2021 film)

text: Darling, a reckless and narcissistic individual, relocates from his home city of Coimbatore to Bengaluru, in search of employment. He moves into a shabby dormitory, shared by his brother's comrades, namely, Bhagya a.k.a. "Bucks", Arun, Prem, Shyam and a few others. His incessant amateurism and incompetence towards any activity creates a great deal of exasperation among his roommates. Regardless, they help him in securing a job at an IT firm where they work.


title: Bachelor (2021 film)

text: While out on an errand during an evening, Darling's sloppiness results in his friend, Nimmi, getting injured. While recuperating, the latter is visited by his girlfriend, Rumi - of whose existence had been kept secret from the former. As an apology, Nimmi invites Darling to their flat, where he is introduced to Subbulakshmi a.k.a. "Subbu" – the couple's roommate. Finding himself tremendously attracted towards her, he resolves to gain her acquaintance. Learning that Nimmi and Rumi are emigrating to Boston, he convinces them into letting him stay with Subbu, albeit under conditionality.