title: Miscegenation

text: Some of these European wives exerted great influence upon the empire as "valide sultan" ("Mother-Sultan"), some famous examples including Roxelana, a Ukrainian harem slave who later became Suleiman the Magnificent's favourite wife, and Nakşidil Sultan, wife of Abdul Hamid I, who according to the legend may have been Aimée du Buc de Rivéry, cousin of French Empress Josephine. Due to the common occurrence of such intermarriages in the Ottoman Empire, they have had a significant impact on the ethnic makeup of the modern Turkish population in Turkey, which now differs from that of the Turkic population in Central Asia. In addition to intermarriage, the large harems of Ottoman sultans often consisted almost entirely of female concubines who were of Christian European origin. Sultan Ibrahim the Mad, Ottoman ruler from 1640 to 1648, is said to have drowned 280 concubines of his harem in the Bosphorus. At least one of his concubines, Turhan Hatice, Ukrainian girl captured during one of the raids by Tatars and sold into slavery, survived his reign.


title: Miscegenation

text: Miscegenation was a deliberate policy of the Western Australian Protector of Aborigines, A. O. Neville, who hoped to "breed out" Aboriginal characteristics from the growing "half caste" population of Aborigines in Western Australia. As a result, he failed to prosecute cases where half caste girls were sexually abused or raped by European Australians, who sought an evening on "the black velvet". The children of such unions were often taken from their mothers and confined to "concentration camps" at Moore River and Carrolup, as a part of the policy known as Stolen Generations.


title: Miscegenation

text: The desire to avoid miscegenation was also a factor in the passage and continued enforcement of the White Australia policy. In 1949, Immigration Minister Arthur Calwell stated "I am sure we don't want half-castes running over our country", while justifying the government's decision to refuse entry to Lorenzo Gamboa (a Filipino man and U.S. Army veteran who had an Australian wife and children).


title: Miscegenation

text: Mixed marriages are very common and almost universally accepted. People who identify as Māori typically have ancestors ('tīpuna') from at least two distinct ethnicities. Historically this lent itself to the belief that "real" Māori were gradually disappearing from New Zealand through mixed marriage. This view held sway in New Zealand until the late 1960s and 1970s, when a revival and re-establishment of Māori culture and tradition coincided with a rejection of the majority opinion.


title: Miscegenation

text: The belief that Māori were disappearing was partially founded on the reality of high rates of intermarriage between Europeans and Māori since colonisation. During the revival of Māori culture and tradition, this belief was challenged by redefining "Māori" as an ethnic identity as opposed to a racial category. As a result, a person may have one European/Asian/Pacific parent and one Māori parent, but be considered no less "authentically Māori" than a descendant of two Māori.


title: Miscegenation

text: As of 2010, two-thirds of Māori births, half of Pacific births, and a third of white and Asian births involved more than one ethnic group.


title: Miscegenation

text: According to Gilberto Freyre, a Brazilian sociologist, interracial marriage was commonplace in the Portuguese colonies, and was even supported by the court as a way to boost low populations and guarantee a successful and cohesive settlement. Thus, settlers often released African slaves to become their wives. The children were guaranteed full Portuguese citizenship, provided the parents were married. Some former Portuguese colonies have large mixed-race populations, for instance, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Timor Leste, Macau and São Tomé and Príncipe. In the case of Brazil, the influential "Indianist" novels of José de Alencar (O Guarany, Iracema, and Ubirajara) perhaps went farther than in the other colonies, advocating miscegenation in order to create a truly Brazilian race.


title: Miscegenation

text: Mixed marriages between Portuguese and locals in former colonies were very common in all Portuguese colonies. Miscegenation was still common in Africa until the independence of the former Portuguese colonies in the mid-1970s. The case for miscegenation in Brazil started in the 1700s when gold was discovered in the heart of the country. This created a spectacular gold rush that lasted nearly 100 years. In this period close to a million men immigrated to Brazil in search of a quick fortune, mostly Portuguese. Since these men had no plans to bring their families, in the process they ended up fathering children with either African slaves or Native American women. Since immigration during this period was overwhelmingly by males, this created a less strict society in terms of enforcing anti-racial laws.


title: Miscegenation

text: However, Brazil was the last country in the western hemisphere to grant freedom to the slaves, only happening in 1888. When the slaves were freed, the plantation owners encouraged immigration from Europe as a form to replace the slaves. At the beginning of the 20th century, eugenics set foot in Brazil, and although it stated that the white race was superior to the other races, in the end, it somehow contributed to the continuation of the miscegenation of Brazil. With the Politica do Branqueamento (Whitening Policy), the Eugenics encouraged mulatto women (daughter of black and white parents) to marry a white man. According to them, the child would be born much whiter than her mother. A famous painting by Modesto Brocos describes these hopes, showing a black grandmother with her arms to the sky, thanking God for white grandchildren. In the painting, a white man sits at the door, and his wife, a mulatto woman, is holding the child, while the mother is much darker than the daughter.


title: Miscegenation

text: According to the U.S. Census, in 2000 there were 504,119 Asian–white marriages, 287,576 black-white marriages, and 31,271 Asian–black marriages. The black–white marriages increased from 65,000 in 1970 to 403,000 in 2006, and 558,000 in 2010, according to Census Bureau figures.


title: Miscegenation

text: In the United States, rates of interracial cohabitation are significantly higher than those of marriage. Although only 7 percent of married African American men have Caucasian American wives, 13% of cohabitating African American men have Caucasian American partners. 25% of married Asian American women have Caucasian spouses, but 45% of cohabitating Asian American women are with Caucasian American men. Of cohabiting Asian men, slightly over 37% of Asian men have white female partners over 10% married White American women. Asian American women and Asian American men who live with a white partner, 40 and 27 percent, respectively (Le, 2006b). In 2008, of new marriages including an Asian man, 80% were to an Asian spouse and 14% to a White spouse; of new marriages involving an Asian woman, 61% were to an Asian spouse and 31% to a White spouse. Almost 30% of Asians and Latinos outmarry, with 86.8 and 90% of these, respectively, being to a white person. According to Karyn Langhorne Folan, "although the most recent census available reported that 70% of African American women are single, African American women have the greatest resistance to marrying 'out' of the race."


title: Miscegenation

text: One survey revealed that 19% of black males had engaged in sexual activity with white women. A Gallup poll on interracial dating in June 2006 found 75% of Americans approving of a white man dating a black woman, and 71% approving of a black man dating a white woman. Among people between the ages of 18 and 29, the poll found that 95% approved of blacks and whites dating, and about 60% said they had dated someone of a different race. 69% of Hispanics, 52% of blacks, and 45% of whites said they have dated someone of another race or ethnic group. In 1980, just 17% of all respondents said they had dated someone from a different racial background.


title: Miscegenation

text: However, according to a study from the University of California at Berkeley, using data from over 1 million profiles of singles from online dating websites, whites were far more reluctant to date outside their race than non-whites. The study found that over 80% of whites, including whites who stated no racial preference, contacted other whites, whereas about 3% of whites contacted blacks, a result that held for younger and older participants. Only 5% of whites responded to inquiries from blacks. Black participants were ten times more likely to contact whites than whites were to contact blacks, however black participants sent inquiries to other blacks more often than otherwise.


title: Miscegenation

text: Interracial marriage is still relatively uncommon, despite the increasing rate. In 2010, 15% of new marriages were interracial, and of those only 9% of Whites married outside of their race. However, this takes into account inter ethnic marriages, this meaning it counts white Hispanics marrying non-Hispanic whites as interracial marriages, despite both bride and groom being racially white. Of the 275,000 new interracial marriages in 2010, 43% were white-Hispanic, 14.4% were white-Asian, 11.9% were white-black and the rest were other combinations. However, interracial marriage has become more common over the past decades due to increasing racial diversity, and liberalizing attitudes toward the practice. The number of interracial marriages in the U.S. increased by 65% between 1990 and 2000, and by 20% between 2000 and 2010. "A record 14.6% of all new marriages in the United States in 2008 were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. ... Rates more than doubled among whites and nearly tripled among blacks between 1980 and 2008. But for both Hispanics and Asians, rates were nearly identical in 2008 and 1980", according to a Pew Research Center analysis of demographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau.


title: Miscegenation

text: According to studies by Jenifer L. Bratter and Rosalind B. King made publicly available on the Education Resources Information Center, White female-Black male and White female-Asian male marriages are more prone to divorce than White-White pairings. Conversely, unions between White males and non-White females (and between Hispanics and non-Hispanic persons) have similar or lower risks of divorce than White-White marriages, unions between white male-black female last longer than white-white pairings or white-Asian pairings.


title: Miscegenation

text: Multiracial Brazilians make up 42.6% of Brazil's population, 79,782 million people, and they live in all regions of Brazil. Multiracial Brazilians are mainly people of mixed European, African, East Asian (mostly Japanese) and Amerindian ancestry.


title: Miscegenation

text: Interracial marriages constituted 22.6% of all marriages in 2000. 15.7% of blacks, 24.4% of whites and 27.6% of "Pardos" (mixed-race/brown) married someone whose race was different from their own.


title: Miscegenation

text: Sexual reproduction between two populations reduces the genetic distance between the populations. During the Age of Discovery which began in the early 15th century, European explorers sailed all across the globe reaching all the major continents. In the process they came into contact with many populations that had been isolated for thousands of years. The Tasmanian Aboriginals were one of the most isolated groups on the planet. Many died from disease and conflict, but a number of their descendants survive today as multiracial people of Tasmanian and European descent. This is an example of how modern migrations may reduce the genetic divergence of the human species, which would usually lead to speciation.


title: Miscegenation

text: New World demographics were radically changed within a short time following the voyage of Columbus. The colonization of the Americas brought Native Americans into contact with the distant populations of Europe, Africa and Asia. As a result, many countries in the Americas have significant and complex multiracial populations.


title: Miscegenation

text: Genetic studies indicate that many African-Americans possess varying degrees of European admixture, although it is suggested that the Native American admixture in African-Americans is exaggerated. Some estimates from studies indicated that many of the African-Americans who took part, had European admixture ranging from 25-50% in the Northeast and less than 10% in the South (where a vast majority of the population reside). A 2003 study by Mark D. Shriver of a European-American sample found that the average admixture in the individuals who participated was 0.7% African and 3.2% Native American. However, 70% of the sample had no African admixture. The other 30% had African admixture ranging from 2% to 20% with an average of 2.3%. By extrapolating these figures to the whole population some scholars suggest that up to 74 million European-Americans may have African admixture in the same range (2–20%). Recently J.T. Frudacas, Shriver's partner in DNA Print Genomics, contradicted him stating "Five percent of European Americans exhibit some detectable level of African ancestry."


title: Miscegenation

text: Within the African-American population, the amount of African admixture is directly correlated with darker skin since less selective pressure against dark skin is applied within the group of "non-passing" individuals. Thus, African-Americans may have a much wider range of African admixture (>0–100%), whereas European-Americans have a lower range (2–20%).


title: Miscegenation

text: A statistical analysis done in 1958 using historical census data and historical data on immigration and birth rates concluded that 21% of the white population had black ancestors. The growth in the White population could not be attributed to births in the White population and immigration from Europe alone, but had received significant contribution from the African American population as well.


title: Miscegenation

text: A 2003 study on Y-chromosomes and mtDNA detected no African admixture in the European-Americans who took part in it. The sample included 628 European-American Y-chromosomes and mtDNA from 922 European-Americans According to a genome-wide study by 23andMe, White Americans (European Americans) who participated were: "98.6 percent European, 0.19 percent African and 0.18 percent Native American on average."


title: Miscegenation

text: In the United States, intermarriage among Filipinos with other races is common. They have the largest number of interracial marriages among Asian immigrant groups, as documented in California. It is also noted that 21.8% of Filipino Americans are of mixed blood, second among Asian Americans, and is the fastest growing.


title: Miscegenation

text: Prior to the European conquest of the Americas the demographics of Latin America was naturally 100% American Indian. Today those who identify themselves as Native Americans are small minorities in many countries. For example, the CIA lists Argentina's at 0.9%, Brazil's at 0.4%, and Uruguay's at 0%. However, the range varies widely from country to country in Latin America with some countries having significantly larger Amerindian minorities.


title: Miscegenation

text: The early conquest of Latin America was primarily carried out by male soldiers and sailors from Spain and Portugal. Since they carried very few European women on their journeys the new settlers married and fathered children with Amerindian women and also with women taken by force from Africa. This process of miscegenation was even encouraged by the Spanish Monarchy and it led to the system of stratification known as the Casta. This system had Europeans (Spaniards and Portuguese) at the top of the hierarchy followed by those of mixed race. Unmixed Blacks and Native Americans were at the bottom. A philosophy of whitening, an example of scientific racism in favor of white supremacy, emerged in which Amerindian and African culture were stigmatized in favor of European values. Many Amerindian languages were lost as mixed race offspring adopted Spanish and Portuguese as their first languages. Only towards the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century did large numbers of Europeans begin to migrate to South America and consequently altering its demographics.


title: Miscegenation

text: In addition many Africans were shipped to regions all over the Americas and were present in many of the early voyages of the conquistadors. Brazil has the largest population of African descendants outside Africa. Other countries such as Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador still have sizeable populations identified as Black. However countries such as Argentina do not have a visible African presence today. Census information from the early 19th century shows that people categorized as Black made up to 30% of the population, or around 400,000 people. Though almost completely absent today, their contribution to Argentine culture is significant and include the tango, the milonga and the zamba, words of Bantu origin.


title: Miscegenation

text: The ideology of whitening encouraged non-whites to seek white or lighter skinned partners. This dilution of non-white admixture would be beneficial to their offspring as they would face less stigmatization and find it easier to assimilate into mainstream society. After successive generations of European gene flow, non-white admixture levels would drop below levels at which skin color or physical appearance is not affected thus allowing individuals to identify as White. In many regions, the native and black populations were simply overwhelmed by a succession of waves of European immigration.


title: Miscegenation

text: Historians and scientists are thus interested in tracing the fate of Native Americans and Africans from the past to the future. The questions remain about what proportion of these populations simply died out and what proportion still has descendants alive today including those who do not racially identify themselves as their ancestors would have. Admixture testing has thus become a useful objective tool in shedding light on the demographic history of Latin America.


title: Miscegenation

text: Unlike in the United States, there were no anti-miscegenation policies in Latin America. Though still a racially stratified society there were no significant barriers to gene flow between the three populations. As a result, admixture profiles are a reflection of the colonial populations of Africans, Europeans and Amerindians. The pattern is also sex biased in that the African and Amerindian maternal lines are found in significantly higher proportions than African or Amerindian Y chromosomal lines. This is an indication that the primary mating pattern was that of European males with Amerindian or African females. According to the study more than half the White populations of the Latin American countries studied have some degree of either Native American or African admixture (MtDNA or Y chromosome). In countries such as Chile and Colombia almost the entire white population was shown to have some non-white admixture.


title: Miscegenation

text: Frank Moya Pons, a Dominican historian documented that Spanish colonists intermarried with Taíno women, and, over time, these mestizo descendants intermarried with Africans, creating a tri-racial Creole culture. 1514 census records reveal that 40% of Spanish men in the colony of Santo Domingo had Taíno wives. A 2002 study conducted in Puerto Rico suggests that over 61% of the population possess Amerindian mtDNA.


title: Miscegenation

text: Historically, admixture has been a common phenomenon in the Philippines. The Philippines were originally settled by Australoid peoples called Negritos which now form the country's aboriginal community. Admixture occurred between this earlier group and the mainstream Malayo-Polynesian population.


title: Miscegenation

text: There has been Indian migration to and influence in the Philippines since the precolonial era. About 25% of the words in the Tagalog language are Sanskrit terms and about 5% of the country's population possess Indian ancestry from antiquity. There has been a Chinese presence in the Philippines since the 9th century. However, large-scale migrations of Chinese to the Philippines only started during the Spanish colonial era, when the world market was opened to the Philippines. It is estimated that among Filipinos, 10%–20% have some Chinese ancestry and 1.5% are "full-blooded" Chinese.


title: Miscegenation

text: According to the American anthropologist Dr. H. Otley Beyer, the ancestry of Filipinos is 2% Arab. This dates back to when Arab traders intermarried with the local Malay Filipina female populations during the pre-Spanish history of the Philippines. A recent genetic study by Stanford University indicates that at least 3.6% of the population are European or of part European descent from both Spanish and United States colonization.


title: Miscegenation

text: Genetic evidence has shown that the Romani people ("Gypsies") originated from the Indian subcontinent and mixed with the local populations in Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. In the 1990s, it was discovered that Romani populations carried large frequencies of particular Y chromosomes (inherited paternally) that otherwise exist only in populations from South Asia, in addition to fairly significant frequencies of particular mitochondrial DNA (inherited maternally) that is rare outside South Asia.


title: Miscegenation

text: 47.3% of Romani males carry Y chromosomes of haplogroup H-M82 which is rare outside of the Indian subcontinent. Mitochondrial haplogroup M, most common in Indian subjects and rare outside Southern Asia, accounts for nearly 30% of Romani people. A more detailed study of Polish Romani shows this to be of the M5 lineage, which is specific to India. Moreover, a form of the inherited disorder congenital myasthenia is found in Romani subjects. This form of the disorder, caused by the 1267delG mutation, is otherwise only known in subjects of Indian ancestry. This is considered to be the best evidence of the Indian ancestry of the Romanies.


title: Miscegenation

text: The Romanis have been described as "a conglomerate of genetically isolated founder populations", while a number of common Mendelian disorders among Romanies from all over Europe indicates "a common origin and founder effect". See also this table:


title: Miscegenation

text: A study from 2001 by Gresham et al. suggests "a limited number of related founders, compatible with a small group of migrants splitting from a distinct caste or tribal group". Also the study pointed out that "genetic drift and different levels and sources of admixture, appear to have played a role in the subsequent differentiation of populations". The same study found that "a single lineage ... found across Romani populations, accounts for almost one-third of Romani males. A similar preservation of a highly resolved male lineage has been reported elsewhere only for Jewish priests". See also the Cohen Modal Haplotype.


title: Miscegenation

text: A 2004 study by Morar et al. concluded that the Romani are "a founder population of common origins that has subsequently split into multiple socially divergent and geographically dispersed Gypsy groups". The same study revealed that this population "was founded approximately 32–40 generations ago, with secondary and tertiary founder events occurring approximately 16–25 generations ago".


title: Miscegenation

text: Coloureds ( or "Bruinmense", lit. "Brown people") are a multiracial ethnic group native to Southern Africa who have ancestry from more than one of the various populations inhabiting the region, including Khoisan, Bantu, European, Austronesian, East Asian or South Asian. Because of the combination of ethnicities, different families and individuals within a family may have a variety of different physical features. "Coloured" was a legally defined racial classification during apartheid.


title: Miscegenation

text: In the Western Cape, a distinctive Cape Coloured and affiliated Cape Malay culture developed. In other parts of Southern Africa, people classified as Coloured were usually the descendants of individuals from two distinct ethnicities. Genetic studies suggest the group has the highest levels of mixed ancestry in the world. Mitochondrial DNA studies have demonstrated that the maternal lines of the Coloured population are descended mostly from African Khoisan women. This ethnicity shows a gender-biased admixture. While a plurality of male lines have come from Ngunis, Southern African, West African and East African populations, 45.2%, Western European lineages contributed 37.3% to paternal components and South Asian/ Southeast Asian lineages 17.5%.


title: Miscegenation

text: Coloureds are to be mostly found in the western part of South Africa. In Cape Town, they form 45.4% of the total population, according to the South African National Census of 2011.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Glynis Margaret Payne Johns (born 5 October 1923) is a South African-born British former actress, dancer, musician and singer. Recognised as a film and Broadway icon, Johns has a career spanning eight decades, in which she appeared in more than 60 films and 30 plays. She is the recipient of awards and nominations in various drama award denominations, including the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, the Academy Awards, the Golden Globe Awards, the Laurel Awards, the Tony Awards, the Drama Desk Awards, and the Laurence Olivier Awards, within which she has won two thirds of her award nominations. As one of the last surviving major stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood and classical years of British cinema, she has several longetivity records to her name.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Born in Pretoria, South Africa while her parents were on tour, Johns made several appearances on stage throughout the 1920s and into the early 1930s. Her family returned to the United Kingdom, where she was educated in London and Bristol. She was hailed for her dancing skills and typecast as a stage dancer from early adolescence, making her screen debut in 1938 with the film adaptation of Winifred Holtby's posthumous novel "South Riding". She rose to prominence in the 1940s following her role as Anna in the war drama film "49th Parallel" (1941), for which she won a National Board of Review Award for Best Acting, and starring roles in "Miranda" (1948) and "Third Time Lucky" (1949).


title: Glynis Johns

text: The 1951 black-and-white aviation drama film "No Highway in the Sky", a joint British-American production, was Johns' first role in Hollywood cinema. She continued throughout the following decades with starring roles in the United Kingdom and abroad, including "The Weak and the Wicked" (1954), "Mad About Men" (1954), "The Court Jester" (1955), "The Sundowners" (1960), "The Cabinet of Caligari" (1962), "The Chapman Report" (1962), and "Under Milk Wood" (1972). Renowned for the breathy quality of her husky voice, Johns sang songs written specifically for her both on screen and stage, including "Send In the Clowns", composed by Stephen Sondheim for Broadway's "A Little Night Music", in which she originated the role of Desiree Armfeldt and for which she won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical, and "Sister Suffragette", written by the Sherman Brothers for Walt Disney's musical motion picture "Mary Poppins", in which she played Winifred Banks and for which she won a Laurel Award for Best Female Supporting Performance.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In 2016, with the death of Zsa Zsa Gabor, Johns became the oldest living "Batman" cast member. With the death of Olivia de Havilland in 2020, she became the oldest living and longest surviving Academy Award nominee in any acting category. Similarly, Johns is currently the oldest living and longest surviving Disney Legend, having been honoured in 1998.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns was born into a theatrical family. Her mother was Australian-born concert pianist Alyce Steele (born Alice Maude Steele-Wareham) who had studied in London and Vienna. Originally of English descent, her family found fame as performing actors, singers and musicians, touring Australia, New Zealand and South Africa with their musical programs; her mother, Elizabeth Steele-Wareham (née Payne) was one of the first accomplished women violinists of her time. Johns' father was Welsh actor Mervyn Johns, who became a star of British films during the Second World War and worked regularly at Ealing Studios. Mervyn's roots were in West Wales; he was the brother of Oxford academic Howard Johns, who became the rector of Pusey and Weston-on-the-Green, and an uncle of British judge John Geoffrey Jones. Alyce and Mervyn met while studying in London, he at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and she at the Royal Academy of Music. They married on 17 November 1922 in St Giles, London, and began touring with her family's theatre company. While touring South Africa on 23 October 1923, their only child Glynis Margaret Payne Johns was born, named for her paternal grandmother, Margaret Anne John (née Samuel), and her maternal grandmother, Elizabeth Steele-Wareham (née Payne). She later became the fourth generation in their family to act on stage.


title: Glynis Johns

text: The family returned to Britain, where Mervyn Johns continued to train with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began his career in repertory theatre in 1926. At the age of 5, Glynis Johns joined the London Ballet School; by 6, she was hailed in Britain as a dancing wonder; by 10, she was working as a Ballet instructor; and by 11, she had earned a degree to teach. Hoping to study with the Sadler's Wells Ballet at age 12, she was enrolled instead at Clifton High School in Bristol, balancing academia with the two hours a week she spent at the Cone School of Dancing (which later merged with the Ripman School to form Tring Park School for the Performing Arts). As a dance student, Johns amassed some 25 gold medals. Aside from her Clifton education, she also attended South Hampstead High School in London, where she was two years above Dame Angela Lansbury, later an actress who became another of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood, predeceasing Johns in 2022.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns was a star on stage while still in formal education, beginning as a young adolescent, though her film and television stardom was yet to come.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In October 1923, Johns made her theatrical debut at just three-weeks old, carried on stage by her grandmother, Elizabeth Steele-Wareham (née Payne), a violinist-impresario who had inherited the production's company from her father.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In 1931 at the age of 8, Johns was cast as Sonia Kuman in Elmer Rice's "Judgement Day" at the Phoenix Theatre in London. She played alongside theatre actors Sir Lewis Casson, Ronald Adam, and George Woodbridge, who played Judge Vlora, Judge Tsankov and Judge Sturdza respectively. As a child ballerina in 1935, Johns played Ursula in "Buckie's Bears"; this production lasted from 27 December 1935 to 11 January 1936 at the Garrick Theatre. Her proficiency in dance led her to be cast in several children's plays throughout the 1930s, notably during the Christmas holidays. She was spotted by a manager and subsequently cast in her first major stage production, as Napoleon's daughter in the 1936 short play "St Helena" at The Old Vic; she was in productions of "The Children's Hour" and "The Melody That Got Lost" the same year. Following this, she was recast as Sonia Kuman in Elmer Rice's 1937 production of "Judgement Day" (this time at London's Strand Theatre), J. M. Barrie's 1937 play "A Kiss for Cinderella", and Esther McCracken's 1938 play "Quiet Wedding", in which she played the bridesmaid Miranda Bute at Wyndham's Theatre, London.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns made her screen debut in 1938 with Victor Saville's film adaptation of the Winifred Holtby novel "South Riding", in which she played Midge Carne, the daughter of aspiring politician Robert Carne (played by Ralph Richardson). She had small roles in David Evans' 1938 crime film "Murder in the Family" and two Brian Desmond Hurst films: his 1938 black-and-white crime film "Prison Without Bars" and 1939 thriller "On the Night of the Fire" (in which she was again cast alongside Ralph Richardson).


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns' stage and film work in the late 1930s laid the foundation for her film career in the 1940s. She averaged one and a half films a year throughout the decade, starting in 1940 with "Under Your Hat", in which she played Winnie, a supporting character to Jack Hulbert's Jack Millett and Cicely Courtneidge's Kay Millett in this musical comedy spy film. Johns' scene in the 1941 British historical drama "The Prime Minister" as Miss Sheridan did not make the final cut, though her role in the 1941 British and Canadian war drama film "49th Parallel", in which she replaced Elisabeth Bergner as Anna, earned her a National Board of Review Award for Best Acting and international acclaim. She continued with supporting roles as Romanian resistance fighter Paula Palacek in the 1943 British spy film "The Adventures of Tartu", supernatural innkeeper Gwyneth (alongside her father Mervyn Johns' Rhys) in the 1944 British drama film "The Halfway House", and the fun-loving cousin of Deborah Kerr Dizzy Clayton in the 1945 British drama film "Perfect Strangers", in which she was part of a very talented cast including Deborah Kerr and Roger Moore and for which Radio Times' Robyn Karney said she was "excellent" In a starring role, Johns played Millie in the 1946 British comedy film "This Man Is Mine" and war widow Judy in the 1947 British drama film "Frieda". David Parkinson notes that Johns "seemed to epitomise modern British womanhood." Conversely, she was cast as Mabel Chiltern in "An Ideal Husband" (1947), Alexander Korda's adaptation of the 1895 play by Oscar Wilde, in which Johns helps Lord Arthur Goring (Michael Wilding) prevent Laura Cheveley (Paulette Goddard) from destroying the reputation of her politician brother, Sir Robert Chilton (Hugh Williams).


title: Glynis Johns

text: For her role as playful Cornish mermaid Miranda Trewella in Ken Annakin's eponymous 1948 black and white comedy film, in which she causes havoc in a London household, David L. Vineyard on MysteryFile writes that "Johns is a revelation: long platinum hair, Khirghiz eyes, and that breathless voice, perfect for this sexy romp," with ScreenOnline's Matthew Coniam adding that "Miranda... is played ideally by Glynis Johns... a strikingly unusual actress facially reminiscent of Gloria Grahame, with a melodic, purring voice." As Miranda, Johns wore a specially made tail. She had a brief cameo in "Helter Skelter" (1949), a gleefully scattershot comedy in which she again played the flirtatious mermaid. Johns starred in two films the following year: "Dear Mr. Prohack" as Mimi Warburton and "Third Time Lucky" as Joan Burns, in which she was a "capable femme fatale." Of the latter, Flint on Letterboxd wrote that "Glynis is as winningly winsome as ever, her husky tones approximating a British Jean Arthur."


title: Glynis Johns

text: On stage, she reprised her role as Miranda Bute in Richard Bird's play "Quiet Weekend", which ran from 22 July 1941 to 29 January 1944 at Wyndham's Theatre in London. During The Blitz, Johns was recast in "Judgement Day", which she played at the Phoenix Theatre in London despite the dangers posed by German bombers. Following this, she appeared in "Peter Pan" at the Cambridge Theatre in 1943, "I'll See You Again" in 1944, and "Fools Rush In" in 1946.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In the 1950s, Johns enjoyed more film roles than any decade preceding. Her successes in "Miranda" (1948), "Third Time Lucky" (1949) and others made her a household name, both in Britain and America; director Ken Annakin was an early admirer of Johns' work.


title: Glynis Johns

text: She remained in "noir territory" with Sidney Gilliat's 1950 drama thriller film "State Secret", appearing alongside Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and Jack Hawkins; as Lisa Robinson, she was Fairbanks' love interest; the two cause havoc in a fictitious East-European country and ultimately flee to America to start their new life together. Johns supported Richard Todd in "Flesh and Blood" the following year and having previously declined parts in Hollywood productions, because of her loving devotion to British cinema, appeared in the Hollywood-financed "No Highway in the Sky", in which an expert's misgivings about a plane's air-worthiness are ignored. As unflappable stewardess Marjorie Corder, Johns appeared alongside James Stewart and Marlene Dietrich in this Henry Koster adaptation of the Nevil Shute novel "No Highway". Following this, she co-starred with David Niven in "Appointment with Venus" (1951) for director Ralph Thomas, which recreates a wartime mission to rescue a pedigree cow from the Nazi-occupied island of Amorel and in which Johns plays Channel-Islander Nicola Fallaize. She was one of several names in the 1951 anthology film "Encore", appearing as gambler Stella Cotman, who visits Monte Carlo in the segment "Gigolo and Gigolette". Now very much in demand, Johns guest starred as May Jones in John Boulting's Technicolour biographical drama film "The Magic Box" of the same year. As May, Johns is introduced to cinema pioneer Robert Donat's William Friese-Greene by Richard Attenborough's Jack Carter. In "The Card" (1952), a "droll" adaptation of Arnold Bennett's eponymous novel, she was Alec Guinness' main love interest, dance teacher Ruth Earp, for which The New York Times' Bosley Crowther writes that "Miss Johns' self-propelling young lady is a bundle of feminine guile."


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns made her television debut in 1952 with Fletcher Markle's Emmy Award-winning series "Little Women". She appeared in just one episode: season 4's "Lilly, the Queen of the Movies" as Lily Snape. Her television credits of the 1950s include brief appearances in the Hollywood anthology series "Lux Video Theatre" (in the 1953 episode "Two For Tea"), Errol Flynn's anthology series "The Errol Flynn Theatre" (in the 1956 episodes "The Sealed Room" as Lou McNamara and "The Girl in Blue Jeans" as The Girl Susan Tracey), CBS's anthology series "Schlitz Playhouse of Stars" (in the 1957 episode "The Dead Are Silent"), and ABC's variety and drama series "The Frank Sinatra Show" (in the 1958 episode "Face of Fear" as Christopher Nolan).


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns was reunited with Richard Todd for two swashbucklers made for Walt Disney: "The Sword and the Rose" (1953), directed by Ken Annakin, and "Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue" (1953). At the same time, she made "Personal Affair", a British drama film starring Gene Tierney and directed by Anthony Pelissier, in which Johns plays teenager Barbara Vining who pursues her Latin teacher, Leo Genn's Kay Barlow. The following year, Johns had the starring role in J. Lee Thompson's drama film "The Weak and the Wicked" alongside Diana Dors and Rachel Roberts, playing an upper-class prisoner, Jean Raymond, who was framed by her friend and for which Johns was widely praised. Johns did another for Annakin, "The Seekers" (1954), then co-starred with Robert Newton in "The Beachcomber" (1954). She played the Christian missionary in both films, appearing respectively as Marion Southey, the fiance to Jack Hawkins' Philip Wayne who seeks to establish Christianity in 19th century New Zealand, and Martha Jones, who seeks to introduce it to the Welcome Islands. For both, she was paid £12,500 a picture.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Ralph Thomas' 1954 Technicolor comedy film "Mad About Men" starred Johns alongside actors Donald Sinden and Anne Crawford in this sequel to "Miranda". Johns starred as Jo Luton in Roy Boulting's 1955 comedy "Josephine and Men", a romantic comedy film in which Jack Buchanan's Uncle Charles Luton examines his niece's relationships, and supported Danny Kaye in the musical-comedy medieval romance costume drama film "The Court Jester" of the same year, playing Jean with "cunning precision". Despite having the highest budget of any comedy made at the time, "The Court Jester" was badly received at the box-office. When the episode "" of aired in 2004, Johns made a surprise guest appearance when a clip of "The Court Jester" was shown on screen.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Annakin used Johns again in "Loser Takes All" (1956), in which she plays a newlywed who loses patience with her gambling husband played by Rossano Brazzi, and she was one of the many actors who made cameos in "Around the World in 80 Days" (1956), appearing alongside Hermione Gingold in the closing scenes. Alongside Cameron Mitchell, Johns starred in the 1957 Technicolor melodrama film "All Mine to Give", based on the novel by Dale Eunson and his wife Katherine Albert. Johns returned to Britain to make "Another Time, Another Place" (1958) with Lana Turner and starred as Kitty Brady in "Shake Hands with the Devil" (1959), in which she was "wonderful as always".


title: Glynis Johns

text: In the West End, Johns starred in two 1950 productions: "Fools Rush In" at the Fortune Theatre and "The Way Things Go" at the Phoenix Theatre. She made her Broadway debut in 1952 when given the title role in five productions of the Enid Bagnold comedy "Gertie". Johns returned to the United States in 1956 to again play the title role, this time in a Broadway revival production of George Bernard Shaw's "Major Barbara".


title: Glynis Johns

text: In 1960, Johns starred as Clarissa Hailsham-Brown in Godfrey Grayson's mystery film "The Spider's Web", a screen adaptation of the eponymous 1954 play by Agatha Christie, and for which American author Matthew Bunson writes that "Despite its very modest budget, "The Spider's Web" was able to attract the considerable talents of Glynis Johns." Johns had a supporting role in "The Sundowners" (1960), for which Variety wrote that "Glynis Johns is a vivacious delight", with The New York Times' Bosley Crowther adding that her role as the Australian landlady Mrs. Firth (which earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress) was "played richly" and with effervescence. Johns starred in the remake of "The Cabinet of Caligari" (1962) as the easily-offended and oft-frightened Jane Lindstrom, and she was one of four stars in the 1962 Technicolor drama film "The Chapman Report". While filming her first scene in the "Chapman Report" with director George Cukor, he reportedly kicked her in the shin. Though a "subtle kick", it was described as an "unpovoked attack" and by Johns as "so unexpected that I did a terrible sort of double take." On the set, tensions were high, though she and Cukor later laughed about it and he noted she was "wonderful in the picture." The following year, Johns supported Jackie Gleason in George Marshall's adaptation of the eponymous Corinne Griffith memoir "Papa's Delicate Condition", a role described by Jeffrey Kauffman as "neatly understated".


title: Glynis Johns

text: "Mary Poppins" (1964) is considered Walt Disney's crowning live-action achievement, and is the only one of his films which earned a Best Picture nomination during his lifetime. In it, Johns plays Winifred Banks, the wife of George Banks, mother of Jane and Michael, and member of Emmeline Pankhurst's "Votes for Women" suffrage movement, to which she is completely dedicated. When first approached by Walt Disney, Johns thought it was to play the title role of Mary Poppins (played by Dame Julie Andrews), not Mrs. Banks. To ensure she accepted, he explained the mishap over lunch and arranged for the Sherman Brothers to write her a musical number: the song "Sister Suffragette", a pro-suffrage protest song pastiche, was written in 1964 with her in mind. "Johns is endearing as the mother," writes The Hollywood Reporter's James Powers in 1964, "happy as a lark at getting chained to a lamp post for the cause... she comes in strongly as a singing actor."


title: Glynis Johns

text: The following year, Johns was cast in Henry Koster's DeLuxe Color family–comedy "Dear Brigitte" as the aesthete Vina, wife of James Stewart, whom she had first acted with 14 years earlier in "No Highway in the Sky". She appeared in various character roles in the 1968 American comedy film "Don't Just Stand There!", written by Charles Williams, and the 1969 British comedy film "Lock Up Your Daughters", directed by Peter Coe.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns was cast in 1961 in the ABC/Warner Bros. crime drama "The Roaring 20s". She portrayed Kitty O'Moyne, an Irish immigrant who falls overboard into the harbour as she arrives in the United States. In the episode "A Game for Alternate Mondays" of the 1962–63 television season, Johns guest-starred in the CBS anthology series "The Lloyd Bridges Show", playing widow Leah Marquand, with Leslye Hunter as her daughter Isabella. On 5 August 1963, "Vacation Playhouse" premiered on CBS with the episode "Hide and Seek". The original working title for the series was "The Glynis Johns Show"; in it, Johns played the neophyte mystery writer and amateur sleuth Glynis Granvile. In the autumn of that year, she and Keith Andes starred as a married couple in her eponymous CBS television series "Glynis", in which she again played Glynis Granville and Andes a criminal defence attorney. Due to pressure from NBC's "The Virginian" and Bill Cullen's "The Price Is Right" game show on ABC, the programme was cancelled after thirteen episodes. In 1965, when CBS reran the series as a summer replacement for "The Lucy Show", "Glynis" ranked #6 in the Nielsen ratings. Johns remained busy on screen, appearing as Steffi Bernard in the episode "Who Killed Marty Kelso?" of ABC's detective series "Burke's Law" opposite Gene Barry. In 1967, she appeared in 4 episodes of the "Batman" television series as villainess Lady Penelope Peasoup, one half of the evil duo with Rudy Vallée as her brother Lord Marmaduke Ffogg.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns was in "Too True to Be Good" on Broadway in 1963 and "The King's Mare" at the Garrick Theatre in 1966, in which she played Anne of Cleves. From 1969 and into the 1970s, she turned increasingly to stage work, appearing in "A Talent to Amuse" (1969).


title: Glynis Johns

text: In the 1970s, Johns' career focus was on the stage. Following her appearance in earlier Cowardian productions, Johns starred in two more Coward plays in the early 1970s: from 27 January 1970 to September 1970, she was in "Come As You Are" at London's New Theatre and Strand Theatre, and from 6 March 1972 to 12 March 1972, she was in "Marquise" at the Bristol Hippodrome in England.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In 1973, Johns was in the original cast of "A Little Night Music", written by Stephen Sondheim, which premiered at 18:30 on 25 February at the Shubert Theatre in New York. The song "Send In the Clowns" was written with her in mind. Commenting on director Harold Prince in a 1973 interview, she says he "‘has eyes in the back of his head and a real driving force, a life force. And with it goes a great deal of loge. He calls us “crew” and himself “captain,” and he's heartbroken when opening night is over, simply because he doesn't want to be away from us. I think he falls in love with his company.’" For her role as Desiree Armfeldt, she won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical. Sondheim referred to her vocal qualities as a "rumpled bed"; as Anthony Tommasini put it in The New York Times: "Stephen Sondheim composed his most famous song, "Send In the Clowns," for an actress with virtually no voice, Glynis Johns, and few genuine singers have performed it as effectively."


title: Glynis Johns

text: Following this, Johns starred in Joseph Hardy's production of "Ring Round the Moon" at the Center Theatre Group, Los Angeles, from 1 April 1975 to 10 May 1975, with stage actor Michael York. From 17 March 1976, she starred in Peter Dews' production of "13 Rue de l'Amour" at the Phoenix Theatre in London with film and stage actor Louis Jourdan. This production was held at the Theatre Royal in Norwich; it closed on 8 May 1976. From 1977 to March 1978, Johns starred as Alma Rattenbury in "Cause Célèbre", touring Her Majesty's Theatre in London and Leicester Haymarket Theatre among other locations. She was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Actress of the Year in a New Play and won a Variety Club Award for Best Actress in recognition; it was described as a "riveting play", due in part to its cast: "Glynis Johns was superb as Alma Rattenbury, and Lee Montague and Bernard Archard were fantastic as the opposing barristers."


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns' film roles of the 1970s included playing Myfanwy Price in Andrew Sinclair's 1972 drama film "Under Milk Wood" opposite Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor, Eleanor Critchit in Roy Ward Baker's 1973 anthology horror film "The Vault of Horror" (in the segment "The Neat Job", a tale of marital discord), Swallow in the 1974 short film adaptation of Oscar Wilde's "The Happy Prince" and Mrs. Amworth in the 1977 British-Canadian horror anthology film "Three Dangerous Ladies", a reprisal of the role. Of her original performance as Mrs. Amworth in the eponymous 1975 short film, Ian Holloway on Wyrd Britain writes that "the titular lady" is "played with flamboyant aplomb by the fabulous Glynis Johns."


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns appeared in Noël Coward's comic play "Hay Fever" as Judith Bliss from 4 August 1981 to 10 October 1981 at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre in Guildford and the Theatre Royal in Nottingham. This was her fourth role in a Noël Coward production. From 20 November 1989 to 20 May 1990, she starred as Lady Catherine Champion-Cheney in W Somerset Maugham's Broadway romance "The Circle" at the Ambassador Theatre in New York.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns' screen work of the 1980s took second place to her work on stage. In 1982, she was cast as Laura Fitzpatrick Morgan in the American-British biographical television film "Little Gloria... Happy at Last" with Lucy Gutteridge in the leading role of Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt. Johns had a starring role in "Nukie" (1987), a South African science-fiction film in which she played the decisive Sister Anne alongside actors Anthony Morrison, Steve Railsback, and Ronald France. In 1988, Johns provided the voice for Miss Grimwood, proprietor of Miss Grimwood's Finishing School for Girls, in "Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School". The plot follows the characters as Miss Grimwood hires them as her gym teachers; once there, however, they find it is actually a school for the daughters of paranormal beings. The same year, Johns starred in "Zelly and Me", an American drama film written, directed and produced by Tina Rathborne. In it, Johns plays Co-Co, the wealthy grandmother of protagonist Phoebe (played by Alexandra Johnes) and an egoist with a deeply competitive streak.


title: Glynis Johns

text: During the first season of NBC's hit sitcom "Cheers", Johns guest-starred as Diane Chambers' mother, Helen Chambers, an eccentric dowager who, due to a stipulation in Diane's late father's will, will lose all her money unless Diane is married by the next day. In 1985, Johns played Bridget O'Hara in the episode "Sing a Song of Murder" of CBS's crime drama television series "Murder, She Wrote", working again with Angela Lansbury. From 1988 to 1989, she played Trudie Pepper, a senior citizen living in an Arizona retirement community, in the television sitcom "Coming of Age" also on CBS.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns appeared in just three film roles throughout the 1990s, as the grandmother in each. She played the camera-toting grandmother in the 1995 Sandra Bullock hit "While You Were Sleeping" and the waspish Grandma Rose in Ted Demme's 1994 black comedy film "The Ref". Of this role, Caution Spoilers' Sarah notes that "Glynis Johns as the awful Rose is terrific"; her character was often at odds with her son Lloyd Chasseur, played by Kevin Spacey. In 1998, Johns was named a Disney legend in the film category. Her last film appearance to date was as the grandmother of Molly Shannon's Mary Gallagher in the 1999 film "Superstar".


title: Glynis Johns

text: In 1991, Johns returned to "A Little Night Music" at the age of 68, this time playing Madame Armfeldt, the mother of her original character Desiree, with Gordon Davidson directing at the Ricardo Montalbán Theatre in Los Angeles. Following this, she starred as Myrtle Bledsoe in the premiere of Horton Foote's "A Coffin in Egypt" from June to July 1998 at the Bay Street Theatre in New York.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In September 1946, when she was still fairly new to the profession, Powell and Pressburger hailed Johns "one of the most sought-after of all young British stars". She was voted by British exhibitors as the 10th most popular box-office star in 1951 and 1952. By the time of "Loser Takes All" (1956), Johns was a top box-office draw.


title: Glynis Johns

text: A devotee of British cinema, Johns famously said "I would sooner play in a good British picture than in the majority of American pictures I have seen," though her penchant for American cinema cannot be understated. She found her stardom in 1940s Britain (wherein her "glistening blue eyes and perfect comic timing made her British cinema's most sought-after female lead") and was already a star by the time she was in "No Highway in the Sky", a joint British and American production produced in 1951, and her first role in American cinema.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns became an indelible part of the cinema histories of both Britain and America, maintaining her British and American careers simultaneously. Following "No Highway in the Sky" (1951), she took on increasingly more roles in America and elsewhere: the majority of her television credits were American, including her eponymous 1963 sitcom "Glynis", though her film and theatre credits (with several notable exceptions) were British.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In 1947, Johns was maid of honour at the wedding of Muriel Pavlow and Derek Farr, who met in 1941 while filming "Quiet Wedding".


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns has been married four times and engaged five times. Her first husband was Anthony Forwood, whom she married on 29 August 1942 in Westminster, London, and with whom she had her only child, actor Gareth Forwood, on 14 October 1945. They divorced in 1948 and Johns was engaged to be wed to producer Antony Darnborough in 1951, but they, too, ultimately separated. On 1 February 1952 in Manhattan, New York, she married David Ramsey Foster, a Royal Navy officer and later president of Colgate-Palmolive. They divorced on 17 May 1956. She married Cecil Peter Lamont Henderson, a businessman, on 10 October 1960 in Westminster, London; they divorced on 21 June 1962. Her fourth and final husband was writer Elliott Arnold, whom she married on 1 October 1964 in Los Angeles, California. They divorced on 4 January 1973.


title: Glynis Johns

text: In a 1973 interview with Robert Berkvist, Johns describes – in her experience – the compatibility of theatre and marriage: "‘Acting is my highest form of intelligence, the time when I use the best part of my brain. I was always told, by my married friends, for example, that I could apply that intelligence to something else, some other aspect of living, but I can't. I don't have the same flair in other things.’" On the subject of a fifth marriage, she reflected that "‘I'd tread very softly in that area. Very softly. I certainly wouldn't rush into anything again, and I'd have to have an awful lot in common with anyone I'd consider marrying next time. Why so many marriages? It was absolute conservatism on my part. I was brought up to feel that if you wanted to have an affair with a man, well, you married him. I have friends who, if they'd followed that rule, would have collected an awful lot of pieces of paper by now.’"


title: Glynis Johns

text: Following the death of her mother, Alyce Steele, on 1 September 1971 in Westminster, her father married actress Diana Churchill on 4 December 1976 in Hillingdon, London.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns has previously suffered from severe migraines. In a 1955 interview with Lydia Lane, she admitted that "‘Only recently have I learned how to relax. And since I have, the migraine headaches which have plagued me for years have disappeared. I’ve finally learned to be still inside. Someone told me once, “When you let God in on your problems, you can let go and relax,” and I’ve found that it works.’"


title: Glynis Johns

text: Following her marriage to David Foster in 1952, she became fourteen pounds overweight. Talking to Lydia Lane, she describes this ordeal: "‘I was relaxed, happy, with little to do and I suppose I simply didn't burn up as much energy as usual. My appetite stayed the same and I gained a few pounds at a time until one day I discovered I was fourteen pounds overweight.’" Her solution was simple, "‘I'm convinced that weight is a mental problem’" she said. "‘I counted calories for a while but nothing happened until I became really disturbed about it. From that moment on, I began to lose weight and in three weeks I was back to normal. The point I am trying to make is that dieting alone is not enough. It must be accompanied by a strong will and determination to lose [weight].’"


title: Glynis Johns

text: A few days before Johns was due to play Desiree Armfeldt at the opening night of "A Little Night Music" in 1973, she was rushed to hospital for emergency treatment of an intestinal infection. The debut was postponed by a week and Tammy Grimes was thought to be a likely successor, but to the shock of everybody, including her doctor, Johns rejoined the show after just two days: "‘I was not going to have anybody else sing my songs’” she said.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns is predeceased by all four of her husbands and her son. Her third husband, Cecil Henderson, died in November 1978 in Oxford, England; her fourth husband, Elliot Arnold, died on 13 May 1980 in New York; her first husband, Anthony Forwood, died from Parkinson's disease on 18 May 1988 in Kensington and Chelsea, London; her second husband, David Foster, died on the 4 June 2010. Her son, Gareth, made his final screen appearance in 2000, playing Hilary Quentin in Rob Heyland's "Bomber". He retired from acting and lived the remainder of his life between his apartment in London and house in Santa Monica, California, with his mother. Following cancer complications and a heart attack, he died on 16 October 2007 in London at the age of 62.


title: Glynis Johns

text: Johns currently resides at the Belmont Village Hollywood Heights, a senior living community, located near the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Caroline Wozniacki (; born 11 July 1990) is a Danish former professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 1 in singles for a total of 71 weeks, including at the end of 2010 and 2011. She achieved the top ranking for the first time on 11 October 2010, becoming the 20th player in the Open Era and the first woman from a Scandinavian country to hold the top position. In 2018, she became the first Dane to win a Grand Slam singles title, after winning the 2018 Australian Open.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Known for her footwork and defensive abilities, Wozniacki won 30 WTA singles titles (including six in both 2010 and 2011, the most in a year by a WTA player from 2008–2011) and two doubles titles. A junior Grand Slam champion, she won the 2006 Wimbledon girls' singles title over Magdaléna Rybáriková, and was voted the WTA Newcomer of the Year in 2008. She won a Grand Slam singles title at the 2018 Australian Open, beating Simona Halep and becoming the first Dane to win a Grand Slam singles title. Previously, she had reached two Grand Slam finals at the US Open, falling to Kim Clijsters in 2009 and to her friend Serena Williams at the 2014 US Open. Wozniacki also won the season-ending WTA Finals in Singapore in 2017, beating Venus Williams, after finishing runner-up to Clijsters at the event in 2010. Her other major career highlights include winning three Premier Mandatory and three Premier 5 titles, reaching four Grand Slam semifinals (the 2011 Australian Open and the 2010, 2011 and 2016 US Opens, three Grand Slam quarterfinals (the 2012 Australian Open and the 2010 and 2017 French Opens), and the quarterfinals at the 2012 London Olympics.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki retired on 24 January 2020, following a third-round loss in the 2020 Australian Open. She became an ESPN commentator in 2022.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was born in Odense, Denmark. She is of Polish descent. Her mother Anna played on the Polish women's national volleyball team, and her father Piotr played professional football. The couple moved to Denmark when Piotr signed for the Danish football club Boldklubben 1909. Her older brother, Patrik Wozniacki, is a former professional footballer in Denmark.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki had a career-high junior ranking of No. 2 in the world. She made her debut on the ITF Junior Circuit, the premier 18-and-under junior tour that is run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), in October 2003 at 13 years and 3 months old. During her first month, she entered two Grade 5 events in Denmark, the lowest-level tournament on the tour. Wozniacki reached the final at both singles events, winning the second over compatriot Hanne Skak Jensen. With this success, she moved up to Grade 3 and Grade 4 tournaments, winning her first four singles events of 2004. Her win streak of five tournaments and 27 matches came to an end in April with a semifinal loss to Latisha Chan at the International Juniors Championships in Manila, her first event outside of Scandinavia as well as her first Grade 1 event. From this point on, Wozniacki only competed in Grade A and Grade 1 events, the two highest-level tournaments. She made her Grade A debut at Wimbledon before turning 14, losing her first main draw match to Bojana Bobusic. Towards the end of the year, Wozniacki won her first Grade A title at the Osaka Mayor's Cup.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki won several junior tournaments in 2005, including the Orange Bowl Tennis Championship. She made her debut on the WTA Tour at Cincinnati's Western & Southern Open on 19 July 2005, losing to the top-seeded and eventual champion Patty Schnyder in the first round. In the Nordic Light Open, her other WTA tournament of the year, she lost to Martina Suchá in the first round.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In 2006, she was the top seed at the Australian Open (junior girls' singles), but lost the final to eighth-seeded Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova. She was seeded second with partner Anna Tatishvili in the doubles tournament, but the pair was knocked out in the semifinals by the French-Italian pair of Alizé Cornet and Corinna Dentoni, who were seeded eighth. In February at the Memphis, she reached her first WTA Tour quarterfinal, beating Kristina Brandi and Ashley Harkleroad before losing to third-seeded Sofia Arvidsson of Sweden. Before Wimbledon Wozniacki won the Liverpool International Tennis Tournament, an exhibition tournament, beating Ashley Harkleroad in the final. Later that year she was given a wildcard to the qualifying draw at Wimbledon, where she was beaten in the first round by Miho Saeki. However, Wozniacki went on to win the Wimbledon girls' singles title, beating Magdaléna Rybáriková in the final. In August, she reached another WTA Tour quarterfinal, this time at the Nordic Light Open in Stockholm. She defeated top-100 players Iveta Benešová and Eleni Daniilidou, then lost to eventual champion and third-seeded Zheng Jie.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was seeded second in the US Open girls' singles. In the first round, she won the first set against Russian Alexandra Panova, but was disqualified in the second set for verbally abusing an umpire. Wozniacki was said to have used an expletive in referring to a linesman who made a disputed call. However, on her blog, she claimed to have said "take your sunglasses of [sic]" and was mistaken for talking to the linesman, when she in fact was criticizing herself after the next point.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In her last junior tournament, the Osaka Mayor's Cup, she won both the girls' singles and doubles. Her first title on the senior tour came in October when she won the $25,000 tournament in Istanbul by beating Tatjana Malek in the final. Wozniacki was set to face Venus Williams on 27 November in an exhibition match in Copenhagen, but five days before the event, Williams canceled because of an injury. The two did, however, face each other in the Memphis WTA Tier III event on 20 February. Williams beat Wozniacki, ending a nine-match winning streak for Wozniacki. On 29 November Wozniacki was named ambassador for Danish Junior Tennis by the Culture Minister of Denmark at the time, Brian Mikkelsen.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: On 4 February 2007, she won a $75,000 singles title in Ortisei, beating Italian Alberta Brianti. On 4 March, she won the $75,000 tournament in Las Vegas, beating top-seed Akiko Morigami in the final. She obtained a wildcard for the Indian Wells Open main draw and made her Tier I debut there. She was knocked out in the second round by Martina Hingis. She then made the semifinals of the Japan Open in Tokyo in October, her first career WTA Tour semifinal, and as a result became the first Danish woman to reach a WTA semifinal since Tine Scheuer-Larsen at Bregenz in 1986. She was defeated by Venus Williams in straight sets.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: At the Australian Open, Wozniacki defeated Gisela Dulko and 21st seed Alona Bondarenko on her way to the round of 16, where she lost to the eventual finalist and fourth-seeded Ana Ivanovic. At the French Open, Wozniacki was seeded 30th, making this the first Grand Slam tournament in which she was seeded. She again lost in the third round to the eventual champion and world No. 2 Ana Ivanovic. At Wimbledon, she reached the third round, but lost to second-seeded Jelena Janković.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki won her first WTA Tour title at the Nordic Light Open in Stockholm without dropping a set, defeating fifth seed Anabel Medina Garrigues in the quarterfinals, top seed and world No. 10 Agnieszka Radwańska in the semifinals, and Vera Dushevina in the final. At the Summer Olympics in Beijing she beat world No. 12, Daniela Hantuchová, in the second round, but then lost to the eventual gold-medalist Elena Dementieva. Wozniacki won her second WTA Tour title at the Pilot Pen Tennis in New Haven, after defeating three seeded players, Dominika Cibulková, Marion Bartoli and Alizé Cornet, en route to the final, where she defeated world No. 11, Anna Chakvetadze.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was the 21st seed at the US Open. She defeated world No. 14, Victoria Azarenka, in the third round, but lost to second-seeded and eventual runner-up Jelena Janković in the fourth round. At the China Open, she lost her opening match to Spaniard Anabel Medina Garrigues. However, she teamed up with Medina Garrigues to clinch the doubles title, defeating the Chinese duo of Han Xinyun and Xu Yifan. It was Wozniacki's first WTA doubles title. At the Tier III Japan Open, she was the top seed for the first time on the WTA Tour, and won her third career title, defeating Kaia Kanepi of Estonia in the final. Wozniacki then took part in the Danish Open, in her hometown of Odense. After a string of good performances, she won the tournament, beating world No. 64 Sofia Arvidsson in the final.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's final win–loss record for the year (ITF matches included, exhibition matches not included) was 58–20 in singles and 8–9 in doubles. She ended the year ranked 12th in singles and 79th in doubles. She finished 13th in the race for the WTA Finals. She won the Newcomer of the Year award for 2008.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki started the season in Auckland, where she lost to Elena Vesnina in the quarterfinals. She also reached the quarterfinals in Sydney, this time losing to world No. 2 Serena Williams after having three match points. Seeded 11th at the Australian Open, Wozniacki lost in the third round to Australian Jelena Dokic.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In Pattaya, she lost to Magdaléna Rybáriková in the quarterfinals. Seeded first at the Cellular South Cup in Memphis, Wozniacki advanced to the final, but lost to Victoria Azarenka, after they partnered in the doubles final to defeat Michaëlla Krajicek and Yuliana Fedak.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki then took part in the first two Premier Mandatory tournaments of the year. At Indian Wells, she lost in the quarterfinals to eventual champion Vera Zvonareva. In Miami, she scored her first win over Elena Dementieva, then lost to Svetlana Kuznetsova in the quarterfinals.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki won her first title of the year at the Amelia Island Championships on green clay in Ponte Vedra Beach, where she defeated Canadian Aleksandra Wozniak. In Charleston, she defeated top seed Elena Dementieva in the semifinals, then lost the final to Sabine Lisicki.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki suffered early exits in her next two tournaments, losing to Marion Bartoli in the second round in Stuttgart, and to Victoria Azarenka in the third round in Rome. She reached the final of the inaugural Premier Mandatory Madrid Open but she lost to world No. 1, Dinara Safina. This was Wozniacki's only match against a reigning No. 1 before she became world No. 1 in October 2010. Seeded tenth at the French Open, she lost to Sorana Cîrstea in the third round. They partnered in doubles, but lost in the first round.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki won her second 2009 title on the grass of Eastbourne. In the final, she defeated Virginie Razzano. Seeded ninth at Wimbledon,e she lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: On her 19th birthday, she lost the final of the Swedish Open to María José Martínez Sánchez. On hardcourt at the LA Women's Tennis Championships, she lost in the second round to Sorana Cîrstea. At the Cincinnati Open, she reached the quarterfinals, then lost to Elena Dementieva. In Toronto, she lost early in the second round to Zheng Jie, but she then went on to defend her title at the Pilot Pen Tennis in New Haven without losing a set. In the first round, she had her first double bagel win as a professional, 6–0, 6–0, over Edina Gallovits in 41 minutes. In the final, she beat Elena Vesnina for her third title of the season.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was the ninth seed at the US Open. She made her best result to date by becoming the first Danish woman to reach a Grand Slam final. Her route to the final included a hard-fought three-set win against reigning French Open champion Svetlana Kuznetsova in the fourth round, then scored straight sets wins against Melanie Oudin in the quarterfinals and Yanina Wickmayer in the semifinals. In the final, she was defeated by Kim Clijsters.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In the second round of the Pan Pacific Open, she retired because of a viral illness down 0–5 against Aleksandra Wozniak. She then lost to María José Martínez Sánchez in the first round of the China Open, and to Samantha Stosur in the semifinals in Osaka. The following week in Luxembourg, she retired with a hamstring injury in the first round while leading 7–5, 5–0 over Anne Kremer. This aroused controversy because of the scoreline.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's stellar 2009 results qualified her for the year-end WTA Tour Championships in Doha for the first time. She won two of three group matches and advanced to the semifinals. There she struggled with a stomach strain and a left thigh injury against world No. 1 Serena Williams, and retired while trailing 6–4, 0–1.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In her first WTA tournament of the year, Wozniacki suffered an opening-round loss to Li Na of China in the Sydney. She was seeded fourth at the Australian Open, her first top-eight seed in a Grand Slam. She again fell to Li, this time in the fourth round, in straight sets. Despite her fourth-round exit, Wozniacki achieved a career-high ranking of No. 3.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: As the second seed at Indian Wells, Wozniacki reached the final, then lost to former world No. 1 Jelena Janković. With this result, she achieved a new career-high ranking of world No. 2. At the Miami Open, Wozniacki lost her quarterfinal match against the newly returned Justine Henin.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Her next tournament was in Ponte Vedra Beach, where she defeated Olga Govortsova in the final. Wozniacki then competed at the Family Circle Cup in Charleston. She advanced to the semifinals, where she met Vera Zvonareva. Wozniacki was forced to retire down 2–5 when she rolled her ankle.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Despite her ongoing ankle injury, she continued to compete in tournaments through the clay-court season, suffering early losses in Stuttgart, Rome and Madrid. She then reached the quarterfinals in Warsaw, but retired after losing the first set.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was seeded third at the French Open. She posted her best result at Roland Garros by advancing to the fourth round without dropping a set. After defeating Flavia Pennetta in the round of 16 in three sets, she lost to eventual champion Francesca Schiavone in the quarterfinals. Wozniacki partnered with Daniela Hantuchová in doubles, but they withdrew before their second round match against the Williams sisters because of a right shoulder injury to Hantuchová.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: As the defending champion, Wozniacki lost early at the Eastbourne International, her first grass-court tournament of the year, to Aravane Rezaï. Wozniacki was seeded third at Wimbledon, where she defeated Tathiana Garbin, Chang Kai-chen, and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova en route to the fourth round, where she was defeated by Petra Kvitová.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was the first seed at the inaugural Danish Open. It was the first Danish WTA tournament, created largely out of Wozniacki's popularity in Denmark. She defeated Klára Zakopalová to win her second title of the year.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In Cincinnati, she lost in the third round to Marion Bartoli. As the second seed in Montreal, Wozniacki was forced to wait two days to play her semifinal match with Svetlana Kuznetsova because of heavy rain. She defeated both Kuznetsova and Vera Zvonareva on the same day for her third singles title of the year. As the top seed in New Haven, Wozniacki defeated Nadia Petrova in the final for her third consecutive title there. By virtue of this, she also won the US Open Series.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was the top seed at the US Open due to the withdrawal of world No. 1, Serena Williams. She advanced to the semifinals, then lost to Vera Zvonareva. With her semifinal appearance, Wozniacki became one of only two women (the other being Venus Williams) to have reached at least the fourth round of all four Grand Slam events in 2010.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Her first tournament during the Asian hard-court season was the Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo. She won back-to-back three-setters against Victoria Azarenka and Elena Dementieva, the latter of whom she beat in the final to win her fifth title of the year.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: She then entered the China Open in Beijing. In the third round, Wozniacki faced Petra Kvitová, who had routed her at Wimbledon. Wozniacki avenged that loss, which ensured that she would replace Serena Williams as the new world No. 1 after the tournament. She was the fifth player to reach the No. 1 position without having won a Grand Slam tournament. She also became the first Danish player, man or woman, to reach the top ranking. Wozniacki ultimately won the tournament, defeating Zvonareva in the final to win her sixth title of the year and twelfth overall.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: At the year-end WTA Championships in Doha, Wozniacki was drawn in a group with Francesca Schiavone, Samantha Stosur and Elena Dementieva. She defeated Dementieva in her first round-robin game, but lost to Stosur in the second. She won her last round-robin match in the group against Schiavone, securing the year-end world No. 1 rank and a place in the semifinals against the winner of the other group, Vera Zvonareva. Wozniacki defeated her, but then lost the final in three sets to Kim Clijsters. Wozniacki ended the season with six WTA singles titles, the most on the tour. Clijsters won five, and no other player won more than two.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: During the off season, Wozniacki switched her racquet make from Babolat to Yonex. She began her 2011 season with an exhibition match in Thailand against Kim Clijsters where she lost in a super tie-break. Wozniacki then played another exhibition, the team Hong Kong Tennis Classic, where she represented and was captain of Team Europe. She won two matches against Team Asia Pacific, then was crushed by world No. 2 Vera Zvonareva in the final against Team Russia. Her first WTA tournament was the Sydney International. She received a bye into the second round, where she lost to Dominika Cibulková.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: The Australian Open was Wozniacki's first major as world No. 1. She lost to Li Na in the semifinals, failing to convert a match point when trying to serve out the match at 5–4 in the second set.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki dropped to No. 2 behind Clijsters during the week of 14 February, but regained the top spot the following week. She received a bye to the second round in Dubai where, in the quarterfinals, she beat Shahar Pe'er to ensure her No. 1 position in the next rankings update. She went on to defeat Svetlana Kuznetsova in the final to take her 13th career singles title and first of the year. In Doha, she received a bye to the second round and reached the final, defeating Nadia Petrova, Flavia Pennetta and Marion Bartoli in straight sets. She lost to Vera Zvonareva in the final. In the first Premier Mandatory event of the year in Indian Wells, Wozniacki made it to the final, where she defeated Marion Bartoli for her 14th singles title. At the Miami Open, she lost in the fourth round to 21st seed Andrea Petkovic. She made an uncharacteristic 52 unforced errors and later said she had been playing a lot of matches when she was asked about fatigue.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In the Family Circle Cup, Wozniacki made it to the final, where she defeated unseeded Elena Vesnina to take her third title of the year, 15th of her career. In Stuttgart, she made it to her fifth final of the year, where she lost to Julia Görges in straight sets. In Madrid, Wozniacki lost to Görges again, this time in the third round. In Rome, she lost to eventual champion Maria Sharapova in the semifinal round. At the Brussels Open, Wozniacki reached the semifinals, where she defeated 3rd seed and reigning French Open champion, Francesca Schiavone. In the final, Wozniacki's sixth of the year, she defeated eighth seed Peng Shuai to win her first red clay title, having won three titles on the faster green clay. Wozniacki was the top seed at the French Open, but was upset in the third round by 28th seed Daniela Hantuchová.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's next tournament was the Danish Open in her native country. In the final, she defeated fourth seed Lucie Šafářová, taking her fifth title of the year. At Wimbledon, she had straight-set wins until the fourth round, but then lost to 24th seed Dominika Cibulková.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: At the Rogers Cup, Wozniacki made an early second-round exit. She was defeated by Roberta Vinci in straight sets despite holding a 5–1 lead in the second set. Wozniacki was the top seed at the Cincinnati Open, but lost in the second round to world No. 76, Christina McHale. Next playing at the New Haven Open, Wozniacki won the title for the fourth year in a row, defeating Francesca Schiavone in the semifinals and qualifier Petra Cetkovská in the final.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: At the US Open, Wozniacki was the first seed. In the first round, she defeated Nuria Llagostera Vives. In the second round, Wozniacki defeated Arantxa Rus, and in the third round, defeated Vania King. In the fourth round, Wozniacki fought back from a 7–6, 4–1 deficit, defeating Svetlana Kuznetsova. Wozniacki then progressed to the semifinals by defeating Andrea Petkovic in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals she lost to Serena Williams.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In Tokyo, Wozniacki lost to Kaia Kanepi in the third round. In Beijing, she lost to Flavia Pennetta in the quarterfinals. This was Wozniacki's only loss in the 12 quarterfinals she reached in 2011.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki was the top seed at the WTA Championships. In the group stage, she upset Agnieszka Radwańska but then lost to Vera Zvonareva. She also lost to Petra Kvitová in her final round-robin match and so failed to advance to semifinals for the first time in three appearances. She finished the year as world No. 1 for the second consecutive year. Despite narrowly edging Petra for the year-end No. 1 ranking in points, she lost on all Player of Year awards to Petra.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki began her season by representing Denmark at the 2012 Hopman Cup with Frederik Nielsen as her partner. Wozniacki won two of her three round robin matches in singles, defeating Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Tsvetana Pironkova, then lost to world No. 2 Petra Kvitová. Her first WTA event was the Apia International Sydney. Wozniacki defeated Dominika Cibulková when trailing 4–0 in the third set. She lost to Agnieszka Radwańska in three sets in the quarterfinals, after serving for the match at 5–4 up in the second set.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki competed at the Australian Open as the top seed. She defeated Anastasia Rodionova, Anna Tatishvili, Monica Niculescu and Jelena Janković, all in straight sets, to reach the quarterfinals where she lost to the defending champion Kim Clijsters. As a result, Wozniacki lost her top ranking and was replaced by the 2012 champion Victoria Azarenka. Next playing at Doha, Wozniacki lost to Lucie Šafářová in the second round, having received a first-round bye. Wozniacki was the defending champion in Dubai and Indian Wells, but failed to defend either title, losing to Julia Görges and Ana Ivanovic, respectively.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki reached the semifinals in Miami, beating Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová, Petra Cetkovská, Yanina Wickmayer and Serena Williams, all in straight sets. Wozniacki then lost to 2nd seed Maria Sharapova. Wozniacki did not defend her title in Charleston as she was not allowed to participate under WTA rules because two top-6 players had already entered the draw. Wozniacki then played her home tournament in Copenhagen. She reached the final but lost to Angelique Kerber, her first loss at the tournament since the start in 2010.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: She then played the French Open, where she lost to Kaia Kanepi in three sets in the third round. At the Wimbledon, she lost to Austrian Tamira Paszek in the first round. It was her first opening-round exit from any Grand Slam since making her professional debut at the 2007 French Open.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki represented Denmark at the Olympics as the eighth seed in the women's singles event. In the first three rounds she defeated Anne Keothavong, Yanina Wickmayer and Daniela Hantuchová. She was then defeated by the eventual champion Serena Williams in the quarterfinals. She next participated in the Rogers Cup where she lost to Petra Kvitová in the semifinals, and the Western & Southern Open where she was defeated in the third round by Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova. As the four-time defending champion at the New Haven Open, Wozniacki retired against Maria Kirilenko in the semifinals due to a right knee injury, which she had suffered in her quarterfinal win over Dominika Cibulková.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki, still suffering with the injury, was seeded eighth at the US Open, but did not advance past the first round. She lost in two sets to 96th-ranked Romanian Irina-Camelia Begu. As a result of the loss, Wozniacki dropped out of the top 10 for the first time in three years. Following her US Open disappointment, Wozniacki won her first tournament of the year in Seoul by defeating Arantxa Rus, Caroline Garcia, Klára Zakopalová, Ekaterina Makarova and Kaia Kanepi in the final. It was her 19th career title.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Her next tournament was the Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo. She defeated Bojana Jovanovski, Daniela Hantuchová and Li Na, then lost to Agnieszka Radwańska in the quarterfinals. At the China Open in Beijing, Wozniacki defeated Chanelle Scheepers and Hsieh Su-wei but lost to Angelique Kerber in the third round. Wozniacki's next tournament was the Kremlin Cup. As the third seed in the tournament, she defeated top seed Samantha Stosur in the final in three sets to take home her second title of the year, and 20th overall. At the year-end Tournament of Champions in Sofia, Wozniacki won her three group matches and reached the final but lost to Nadia Petrova. She ended the year ranked 10th.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: In December 2012, during an exhibition match in Brazil, Wozniacki imitated friend and fellow tennis player Serena Williams by stuffing towels in her shirt and skirt in order to appear to be large-chested and have a large rear end. This act divided opinion on social network sites. It was noted that Wozniacki had done the impression before without controversy. Williams also defended Wozniacki in an email to "USA Today" and pointed out that they are friends and that the act was not racist. Williams added, however, that if people feel this way, then she should do something else next time.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki began the year in Brisbane where as the eighth seed, she lost in the first round to qualifier Ksenia Pervak in three sets. Wozniacki then competed at the Apia International Sydney. She defeated Urszula Radwańska but lost to Kuznetsova in the second round. At the Australian Open, Wozniacki defeated Sabine Lisicki, Donna Vekić and Lesia Tsurenko, but once again lost to Kuznetsova, this time in the fourth round.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's next tournament was the Qatar Open where she reached the quarterfinals with wins over Mervana Jugić-Salkić, Sorana Cîrstea, Mona Barthel, then lost to Agnieszka Radwańska. In Dubai, Wozniacki defeated Lucie Šafářová, Zheng Jie and Marion Bartoli to reach the semifinals where she lost to the eventual champion, Petra Kvitová. At the Malaysian Open, she lost in the first round to Wang Qiang. She then played in an exhibition match at the BNP Paribas Showdown in Hong Kong. She was scheduled to play Li Na, but she had to withdraw due to injury. Instead Wozniacki played Li's replacement world No. 4 Agnieszka Radwańska and lost in straight sets.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: At the Indian Wells Open, she defeated Alizé Cornet, Elena Vesnina and Nadia Petrova, then received a walkover when the defending champion Victoria Azarenka withdrew due to a foot injury. In the semifinals, Wozniacki defeated Angelique Kerber to reach her first final of the year but lost the title match to Maria Sharapova. In her next tournament, the Sony Open in Miami, Wozniacki made it to the third round where she lost to Garbiñe Muguruza.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki began the clay-court season by reaching the quarterfinals of the Family Circle Cup where she lost to Stefanie Vögele. Wozniacki lost in the first round to Carla Suárez Navarro in Stuttgart, to Yaroslava Shvedova in Madrid, to Bojana Jovanovski in Rome, and to Zheng Jie in Brussels. At the French Open, Wozniacki defeated Laura Robson in the first round, then lost again to Jovanovski in the second.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki began her grass-court season at the Aegon International in Eastbourne. She reached the semifinals with victories over Tamira Paszek, Laura Robson and Ekaterina Makarova but then lost to qualifier Jamie Hampton. In the first round of Wimbledon, Wozniacki beat Estrella Cabeza Candela. In the second round, she faced Petra Cetkovská. In just the fourth game of the first set, with the score at 2–1 and going with serve, Wozniacki slipped and fell, injuring her ankle. She received treatment but was visibly struggling and went on to lose the match. Wozniacki was one of several players to slip and injure themselves, including Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Victoria Azarenka and Maria Sharapova. After the match, Wozniacki questioned whether the preparation for the tournament was the same as in previous years, adding: "I just know that it's just not really fun to be out there when you feel like you can't really push off on your foot."


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's woeful season continued at the Rogers Cup, where she fell in the second round to Sorana Cîrstea despite having double match point in the second set. She then reached the quarterfinals of the Western & Southern Open, beating Peng Shuai, Monica Niculescu and Petra Kvitová, but was defeated by Victoria Azarenka for the first time since 2009. Wozniacki then played at the New Haven Open at Yale. She reached the semifinals beating Peng via retirement, Karin Knapp and Sloane Stephens, then lost to Simona Halep in straight sets. At the US Open, Wozniacki defeated Duan Yingying and Chanelle Scheepers in straight sets, then lost to qualifier Camila Giorgi in the third round. This marked the first time since 2008 where Wozniacki had failed to reach the quarterfinals or better at one of the four Grand Slam tournaments.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: During the Asian swing, Wozniacki advanced to the semifinals of the Pan Pacific Open, defeating Flavia Pennetta, Magdaléna Rybáriková and Lucie Šafářová en route, then losing to Angelique Kerber. Her next tournament was in Beijing where she was seeded sixth and where she received a bye into the second round along with the other three Tokyo semifinalists. Wozniacki reached the quarterfinals with wins over Monica Niculescu and Sloane Stephens, but lost to the world No. 1 and eventual champion Serena Williams.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's final event for the year was the Luxembourg Open, where she was top-seeded. She ended her two-match losing streak against Bojana Jovanovski by defeating the Serb in a three set quarterfinal. She then beat Wimbledon finalist Sabine Lisicki to reach the final and defeated Annika Beck of Germany in straight sets to win her first and only title of the year. Despite the victory, Wozniacki failed to qualify for the year-ending Tour Championships in Istanbul as Angelique Kerber secured the final spot with her win at the WTA International tournament in Linz, Austria that same week. In winning Luxembourg, however, Wozniacki qualified for the Tournament of Champions in Sofia but ultimately chose not to participate. She finished the year ranked world No. 10.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: During the off season, Wozniacki switched her racquet make from Yonex to Babolat. She was scheduled to start the season in Brisbane but withdrew due to a right shoulder injury and instead began her season in Sydney where she defeated Julia Görges in three sets, then lost to Lucie Šafářová in the second round. At the Australian Open, she lost to Garbiñe Muguruza in the third round in three sets.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki competed at the Qatar Open where she was seeded eighth and where she lost to Yanina Wickmayer. The following week, she reached the semifinals in Dubai, defeating Sabine Lisicki, Annika Beck and Sorana Cîrstea before falling to the eventual champion Venus Williams.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Her next tournament was the Indian Wells Open where she was defending runner-up points. She reached the fourth round following wins over Bojana Jovanovski and Yaroslava Shvedova, then lost to Jelena Janković, causing her to fall to world No. 18, her lowest ranking since 2010. She recovered by reaching the quarterfinals of the Sony Open, recording wins over Monica Puig, Sloane Stephens and Varvara Lepchenko before losing to Li Na. Wozniacki made her debut at the Monterry Open, where she defeated CoCo Vandeweghe, Kristina Mladenovic and Karolína Plíšková en route to the semifinals, then lost to the eventual champion Ana Ivanovic.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Her first tournament of the clay-court season was scheduled to be the Porsche Grand Prix, but she was forced to withdraw due to a left wrist injury. Instead, her first event on clay was the Madrid Open where she reached the second round, beating Ekaterina Makarova and then losing to Roberta Vinci when sustaining a knee injury. This same injury caused her to withdraw from the following week's Internazionali d'Italia in Rome. At the French Open, Wozniacki was upset by Yanina Wickmayer in the first round in three sets.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki enjoyed a stellar grass-court season during which she made the semifinals of the Eastbourne International with wins over Samantha Stosur, Sloane Stephens and Camila Giorgi, then lost to the eventual finalist Angelique Kerber. At the Wimbledon Championships, Wozniacki reached the fourth round for the fourth time in her career with straight-sets wins over Shahar Pe'er, Naomi Broady and Ana Konjuh, but ultimately lost to Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki won her first title of the year at the İstanbul Cup. She defeated Belinda Bencic, Karin Knapp, Karolína Plíšková, Kristina Mladenovic, and Roberta Vinci to secure the title.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's first tournament of the 2014 US Open Series was Rogers Cup. She progressed to the quarterfinals with straight-set wins over Daniela Hantuchová, Klára Koukalová and Shelby Rogers, then lost to top seed Serena Williams. At the Western & Southern Open, she beat Magdaléna Rybáriková and Zhang Shuai, Angelique Kerber, and Agnieszka Radwańska. In the semifinals, she fell in three sets to the eventual champion Williams.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki's next tournament was the US Open, where she was the tenth seed. She faced Magdaléna Rybáriková in her opening match, progressing when her opponent was forced to retire early in the third set. She then beat qualifier Aliaksandra Sasnovich in the second round in straight sets. In the third round she easily took care of 18th seed Andrea Petkovic in straight sets for her first win over a seeded player at a grand slam since 2012. In the fourth round, Wozniacki came up against former world No. 1 and former champion Maria Sharapova, defeating her in three sets to progress to the quarterfinals of a grand slam for the first time since the 2012 Australian Open. In the quarterfinals, she dropped just one game to breeze past Sara Errani. In the semifinals, Wozniacki came up against unseeded Peng Shuai. Wozniacki was up a set when her opponent was forced to retire due to a severe heat-related illness, allowing Wozniacki to advance to her second Grand Slam final, and her first since the 2009 US Open. In the final, Wozniacki came up against two-time defending champion Serena Williams for the third time in four weeks, again falling to the world No. 1. Due to her run to the final, Wozniacki returned to the top 10 for the first time since February.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: During the fall, Wozniacki competed at the Pan Pacific Open. As the second seed, she received a bye into the second round where she faced Australian qualifier Jarmila Gajdošová. Wozniacki rallied from a set down to prevail. In the quarterfinals, she faced Carla Suárez Navarro, whom she easily defeated to progress to the semifinals. In a grueling match against unseeded Spaniard Garbiñe Muguruza whom she had never beaten, Wozniacki won in three sets to set up a clash with Ana Ivanovic. In her third final of the year, Wozniacki fell to the Serbian in straight sets. Wozniacki's next tournament was the Wuhan Open. As the eighth seed, she received a bye into the second round, where she defeated Carla Suárez Navarro in three sets. Wozniacki then beat Casey Dellacqua and Timea Bacsinszky to reach the semifinals where she lost to Eugenie Bouchard in straight sets.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: The following week, she competed at the China Open where she received a bye into the second round due to being a semifinalist in Wuhan. She was eliminated by Samantha Stosur in her opening match of the tournament. It was then announced on 2 October that Wozniacki had qualified for the WTA Finals.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: At the WTA Finals, Wozniacki was drawn into the White Group alongside Sharapova, Kvitová and Radwańska. In her first match she beat Maria Sharapova in three sets. She then went on to beat Agnieszka Radwańska in straight sets. With Sharapova winning in three sets against Radwańska, Wozniacki qualified into the semifinals. She then beat Kvitová in straight sets going undefeated in her round robin matches. She would lose to Serena Williams in the semifinals in three sets despite serving for the match in the third set and leading 4–1 in the third set tiebreak. She finished the year ranked at No. 8.


title: Caroline Wozniacki

text: Wozniacki then decided to run the New York City Marathon in November 2014. She recorded a time of 3 hours, 26 minutes and 33 seconds. She claimed that the running training was positive for her and contributed to her good performances at the US Open and WTA Finals.