title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) reached their first European Cup/Champions League final, becoming the fifth finalist representing France and the 41st overall. They entered the final having played 110 prior matches in the European Cup and Champions League, the most for a final debutant, surpassing Arsenal's record of 90 matches prior to their final debut in 2006. The match was the seventh final to feature a French team, and the first since Monaco in 2004. Marseille were the only French club to have won the competition, doing so in 1993. The match was the third time Paris Saint-Germain have appeared in the final of a UEFA competition, having previously appeared in two consecutive finals of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. The club won the 1996 final 1–0 against Rapid Wien, before losing 1–0 against Barcelona while attempting to defend their title in 1997. PSG also featured in the 1996 UEFA Super Cup, losing 9–2 on aggregate to Juventus. Paris were attempting to become the first French team to complete a continental treble, having won Ligue 1, which was awarded to them based on PPG ratio as the season was ended prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, and the Coupe de France. The club also won the final season of the Coupe de la Ligue (league cup) and the Trophée des Champions (super cup), thus winning all four domestic titles, though only the main domestic cup competition was considered for a continental treble.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In eighteen matches, Paris Saint-Germain had a record of eleven wins, two draws and five losses against German clubs in European competition. PSG won all four prior knockout ties in which they met German opposition, including earlier in the season against Borussia Dortmund in the round of 16 and RB Leipzig in the semi-finals.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Bayern Munich reached their eleventh European Cup/Champions League final, tying Milan for the second-most finals behind Real Madrid's 16. Most recently they appeared in the 2013 final, in which they won 2–1 against fellow German club Borussia Dortmund for their fifth title. In their prior finals, Bayern Munich won on four other occasions in 1974, 1975, 1976 and 2001, and lost in 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010 and 2012. The match was Bayern's 13th overall final in European competition, having won the 1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final 1–0 after extra time against Rangers and the 1996 UEFA Cup Final 5–1 on aggregate against Bordeaux. Bayern Munich were chasing a second treble in club history (previously doing so in 2012–13), having won the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal. Entering the final, Bayern are on a 20-match winning streak and undefeated in 2020, having not lost in their prior 29 matches (winning 28 and drawing once). With their semi-final win, Bayern also tied the record for the most consecutive wins in the competition proper, as well as the most wins from the start of the competition proper, with 10. Bayern are the second team to have entered the final with a perfect winning record, after Milan in 1993, who lost to the only French winners in competition history, Marseille. Bayern are also the second club to reach the final after winning all six group stage matches, after the aforementioned Milan team in 1992–93.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Bayern Munich scored 42 goals in 10 matches during the competition prior to the final, second only to Barcelona's record of 45 goals in 16 matches during the 1999–2000 season. However, Bayern set a new record for the best goals per game ratio in competition history following their quarter-final (regardless of the outcome of the remainder of the competition), with 4.2 per match after their semi-final victory. Entering the final, forward Robert Lewandowski scored 15 goals in 9 matches during the Champions League season, with only Cristiano Ronaldo having scored more in a single campaign (17 in 2013–14 and 16 in 2015–16). Lewandowski also tied Ruud van Nistelrooy's mark from 2002–03 of scoring in nine consecutive Champions League matches, second only to Ronaldo's 11 from 2017–18. Lewandowski and Serge Gnabry set a record for the most prolific scoring partnership in a season with 24 combined goals, surpassing the record of 23 between Ronaldo and Gareth Bale in 2013–14. Bayern manager Hansi Flick became the 15th individual to appear in a Champions League final as both a player and manager, having played for Bayern in their loss to Porto in the 1987 final.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In 34 matches, Bayern Munich had a record of 19 wins, 5 draws and ten losses against French clubs in European competition. Bayern won six of their seven previous knockout ties against French opposition, two of which were finals, including their semi-final win over Lyon to reach the 2020 final. Bayern's only loss was 3–2 on aggregate against Saint-Étienne in the first round of the 1969–70 European Cup.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: The final was the ninth meeting between Paris Saint-Germain and Bayern Munich, with a record of five wins for PSG and three wins for Bayern. The fixture was the first knockout match between the sides, with all their prior meetings occurring in the Champions League group stages. The sides most recently met in the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage; Paris won the first match 3–0 at home, while Bayern won the return match 3–1. As the sides were level on points, PSG won the group on head-to-head goal difference.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: The match was the second European Cup final to feature a French and German team, after the 1976 final between Bayern and Saint-Étienne. Overall, it was the fourth final in European competition between teams from France and Germany, also occurring in the 1992 European Cup Winners' Cup Final (between Werder Bremen and Monaco) and the 1996 UEFA Cup Final (between Bayern and Bordeaux). On all three occasions, German teams were victorious. It was also the third final in which both teams entered the match seeking a win to secure the treble, previously occurring in 2010, in which Bayern lost to Inter Milan, and 2015, when Barcelona defeated Juventus. The 1999 final, won by Manchester United, also had both finalists seeking a treble, though Bayern had not yet contested their domestic cup final (which they ultimately lost). Both sides came into the final having won their domestic leagues the previous season, the first time this had happened since the 1998 final between Juventus and Real Madrid. It was also the first time since 1994 that both finalists won their domestic league in the previous and same season as reaching the final. The final was also the second to feature two German managers, after the 2013 final with managers Jürgen Klopp of Borussia Dortmund and Jupp Heynckes of Bayern Munich.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: "Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral)."


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Paris Saint-Germain qualified for the Champions League group stage by winning the 2018–19 Ligue 1 season, their sixth title in seven seasons and eighth overall French title. In the group stage, they were drawn into Group A alongside Real Madrid of Spain, record winners of the European Cup, as well as Galatasaray of Turkey and Club Brugge of Belgium.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In the opening match of the group stage, Paris faced Real Madrid at the Parc des Princes and won 3–0 via a first-half brace from former Madrid player Ángel Di María and a second-half stoppage time goal from Thomas Meunier. On matchday 2, PSG won 1–0 against Galatasaray at the Türk Telekom Stadium with a 52nd-minute goal from Mauro Icardi. Paris Saint-Germain continued their perfect start to the competition by defeating Club Brugge 5–0 at the Jan Breydel Stadium, with a brace from Icardi and hat-trick from Kylian Mbappé. In their home meeting against Brugge, Icardi scored PSG's lone goal in a 1–0 win to advance to the knockout stage. On matchday 5, Paris recovered from a two-goal deficit to draw 2–2 at the Santiago Bernabéu against Madrid and win Group A, with Mbappé and Pablo Sarabia's late goals offsetting a Karim Benzema brace. In their final match, Paris Saint-Germain won 5–0 at home against Galatasaray to finish the group stage undefeated and having only conceded two goals.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In the round of 16, PSG were drawn against German club Borussia Dortmund. In the first leg at the Westfalenstadion, Paris lost 2–1 with Neymar scoring a goal in between a brace from Erling Haaland. The second leg was one of the last European matches played prior to the suspension of the competition due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and took place behind closed doors on 11 March 2020. PSG won the match 2–0 with first-half goals from Neymar and Juan Bernat, securing a 3–2 aggregate win for the Parisians and their first quarter-final appearance since the 2015–16 season.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Paris were drawn against Italian club Atalanta in the quarter-finals, who were participating in their debut season of the Champions League. The one-off tie was played on 12 August 2020 at the neutral Estádio da Luz. Atalanta took the lead in the first-half with a goal from Mario Pašalić. PSG struggled to find an equaliser in the second half, until Marquinhos scored from close range in the 90th minute before substitute Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting scored three minutes later to snatch a late win for Paris. Paris Saint-Germain advanced to the Champions League semi-finals for the second time in their history after the 1994–95 season.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In the semi-finals, Paris Saint-Germain faced RB Leipzig of Germany, who had qualified to the Champions League knockout stage for the first time in only their second season competing in the competition. Marquinhos and Di María scored in the first half at Estádio da Luz, while Bernat scored 11 minutes into the second period to earn PSG a 3–0 win and a spot in their first Champions League final.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Bayern Munich qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League by winning the 2018–19 Bundesliga, their 7th consecutive and 29th overall German title. In the group stage, they were drawn into Group B alongside Tottenham Hotspur of England, runners-up of the previous Champions League season, as well as Olympiacos of Greece and Red Star Belgrade of Serbia. The team began their season under Croatian manager Niko Kovač.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In their first match, Bayern faced Red Star Belgrade in a home match at the Allianz Arena and won 3–0 with goals from Kingsley Coman, Robert Lewandowski and Thomas Müller. In their second fixture against Tottenham at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, Bayern won 7–2 with a goal from Joshua Kimmich, a brace from Lewandowski and four goals scored by Serge Gnabry. The result was the heaviest home loss by an English club in European competition. On matchday 3, Bayern faced Olympiacos at the Karaiskakis Stadium and recovered from a deficit to win 3–2 and maintain their lead in the group with a brace from Lewandowski followed by a curled goal from Corentin Tolisso, while Youssef El-Arabi and Guilherme scored for the Greek side.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: However, as Bayern lost 5–1 to Eintracht Frankfurt in the Bundesliga on 2 November, manager Niko Kovač was sacked the following day and replaced by former assistant Hansi Flick on an interim basis. In Flick's first match in charge three days later, Bayern won the rematch against Olympiacos 2–0 via second-half goals from Lewandowski and Ivan Perišić, thus securing a spot in the knockout stage. On 26 November, Bayern Munich won 6–0 against Red Star Belgrade at the Red Star Stadium to win Group B, with Lewandowski scoring four times between goals from Leon Goretzka and Tolisso. In their final match, goals from Coman, Müller and Philippe Coutinho earned Bayern a 3–1 home win against Tottenham Hotspur to finish with a perfect group stage record, while Ryan Sessegnon scored the only goal for the visitors. This was the seventh occasion a team finished the group stage with six wins from six, with Bayern the sixth club to do so. Following a successful spell as interim manager, Bayern announced on 22 December that Flick would remain manager until the end of season.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Bayern were drawn against English club Chelsea in the round of 16, with the last Champions League meeting between the sides taking place in the 2012 final. In the first leg away at Stamford Bridge, Bayern won 3–0 via a brace from Gnabry followed by a tap-in from Lewandowski set-up by Alphonso Davies. Chelsea defender Marcos Alonso was sent off late in the match, which was the club's heaviest home loss in European competition. Following the match, Bayern chairman Karl-Heinz Rummenigge suggested Flick would stay permanently as manager. On 3 April, Flick signed a new contract with the club lasting until 2023. Due to the suspension of the competition due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the second leg was delayed from 18 March until 8 August 2020, and was played behind closed doors at the Allianz Arena. Bayern won the second meeting 4–1, with a Lewandowski brace and goals from Perišić and Tolisso earning a 7–1 victory on aggregate, while Tammy Abraham scored for the visitors. The result was Chelsea's heaviest defeat in a two-legged European tie.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: As a result of the draw, Bayern faced Spanish club Barcelona in the quarter-finals. The match, played at the Estádio da Luz, finished as an 8–2 win for Bayern Munich, with Perišić, Gnabry, Kimmich and Lewandowski scoring once each while Müller and Coutinho both earned braces. David Alaba scored an early own goal for Barcelona, who netted their only other goal via a Luis Suárez strike in the 57th minute. For Bayern Munich, the result was the most goals scored by the club in a match during the Champions League era, and the second most for them in competition history after nine scored against Omonia in the 1972–73 European Cup. The match was the first time Barcelona conceded six goals or more in European competition, and the first time they conceded four goals in the first half of a Champions League match. It was Barcelona's heaviest defeat since 1951, when they lost 6–0 to Espanyol in the 1950–51 La Liga, and the first time they conceded eight goals in a game since 1946, when they lost 8–0 to Sevilla in the 1946 Copa del Generalísimo.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Bayern met French club Lyon in the semi-finals of the competition at the Estádio José Alvalade, a rematch of the 2009–10 semi-finals. Bayern won 3–0 with a brace from Gnabry followed by a late goal from Lewandowski to advance to their first Champions League final since 2013.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: The original identity of the 2020 UEFA Champions League Final was unveiled at the group stage draw on 29 August 2019.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: The ambassador for the original Istanbul final was former Turkish international Hamit Altıntop, who finished as runner-up in the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League with Bayern Munich as well as winning the 2003 and 2004 UEFA Intertoto Cups with Schalke 04.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: On 20 August 2020, UEFA named Italian Daniele Orsato as the referee for the final. Orsato had been a FIFA referee since 2010, and was previously the fourth official in the 2019 UEFA Europa League Final. He was also an assistant video assistant referee in the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final. He was also an additional assistant referee at UEFA Euro 2016 and a video assistant referee at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. He was joined by four of his fellow countrymen, with Lorenzo Manganelli and Alessandro Giallatini as assistant referees, Massimiliano Irrati as the video assistant referee and Marco Guida as the assistant VAR official. The fourth official was Ovidiu Hațegan of Romania, while Spaniards Roberto Díaz Pérez del Palomar and Alejandro Hernández Hernández served as the offside and support VAR officials, respectively.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Each team made one change to their starting line-up following the semi-finals. After recovering from injury, Paris Saint-Germain first-choice goalkeeper Keylor Navas started in place of Sergio Rico. For Bayern Munich, manager Hansi Flick decided to replace Ivan Perišić, who had started in the three prior Champions League matches, with Paris native Kingsley Coman on the left wing. Centre-back Jérôme Boateng was also deemed fit to start for Bayern, having suffered a minor injury in the semi-final which required him to be substituted off at half-time.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Paris Saint-Germain kicked off the match, though Bayern Munich began quickly in the opening stages, before Paris found their way into the game after 10 minutes. In the 18th minute, PSG had their first clear opportunity when Kylian Mbappé passed to Neymar on the left side of the penalty area, but his shot was blocked by the leg of Bayern goalkeeper Manuel Neuer. In the 22nd minute, Bayern forward Robert Lewandowski received the ball in the penalty area, swiveling and shooting the ball towards the goal which deflected off the inside of the left post and back into play. Two minutes later, Ángel Di María found himself with space in front of goal after a one-two with Ander Herrera, but shot the ball over the crossbar of Neuer's goal. During the sequence, Bayern defender Jérôme Boateng injured himself, and had to be replaced by Niklas Süle. Herrera had a drop-kick deflected wide of the Bayern goal in the 29th minute, while Lewandowski's 31st-minute dipping header was parried by PSG goalkeeper Keylor Navas. In the 45th minute, a misplaced pass by David Alaba in the Bayern back line fell in front of Mbappé, who played a one-two with Herrera before shooting the ball straight at Neuer when confronted by a clear opening on goal. In the following minute of first-half stoppage time, Kingsley Coman was hit on the shoulder by the arm of defender Thilo Kehrer and went down in the penalty area after cutting down the goal line. However, referee Daniele Orsato dismissed the Bayern appeals for a penalty, and blew for half-time with the match scoreless.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In the second half, Bayern scored the only goal in the 59th minute with a header by Coman, a PSG academy graduate. Thomas Müller laid a pass from Serge Gnabry back to right-back Joshua Kimmich, who crossed the ball from the right into the box towards the unmarked Coman at the far post, which was headed across the goal past Navas and into the right corner of the net. Following the goal, Bayern quickly created additional opportunities in the Parisian half, but were unable to capitalise on the chances. Bayern subsequently switched to a more defensive approach, and in the 70th minute Neuer made another save with his leg after Marquinhos found himself clear on goal following a pass from Ángel Di María into the left side of the penalty box. Three minutes later, Mbappé was caught on the back of his foot by Kimmich after cutting inside the Bayern penalty area, but referee Orsato again decided to not award a penalty. The final chance of the match came in stoppage time, when Mbappé ran down the inside-left channel and passed to Neymar on the left side of Bayern's penalty box, who turned sharply and shot wide of the far post, with substitute Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting's outstretched leg failing to meet the ball directly in front of the goal. Minutes later, the match ended as a 1–0 win for Bayern, securing the continental treble.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held on 10 July 2020 (after the quarter-final and semi-final draws), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: With the win, Bayern Munich secured their sixth European Cup title to draw level with Liverpool, behind only Real Madrid (13 titles) and Milan (7 titles). As Bayern also won the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal, they secured a second continental treble after the 2012–13 season. It was the ninth treble won in Europe, with Bayern Munich only the second club to win it twice after Barcelona in 2008–09 and 2014–15.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Former Paris Saint-Germain player Kingsley Coman, who scored the winning goal for Bayern, earned the man of the match award. Bayern goalkeeper Manuel Neuer was voted as the Champions League player of the week, having made three saves during the match to keep a clean sheet. Bayern became the first club to win any European competition with a perfect winning record, emerging victorious in all 11 matches. As a result, it was also the 14th occasion a club won the Champions League unbeaten, with Bayern the 10th club to do so, and the first since Manchester United in 2007–08.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: With the win, six Bayern players secured their second European Cup title, five of which were from the club's victorious 2012–13 Champions League campaign: David Alaba, Jérôme Boateng, Javi Martínez, Thomas Müller and Manuel Neuer. Therefore, these five joined eight other players who have won two European trebles: Dani Alves, Sergio Busquets, Andrés Iniesta, Lionel Messi, Pedro, Gerard Piqué and Xavi with Barcelona in 2008–09 and 2014–15, as well as Samuel Eto'o with Barcelona in 2008–09 and Inter Milan in 2009–10. Thiago was the only other Bayern player to have won the Champions League prior, doing so with Barcelona in 2010–11. Alphonso Davies became the first Canadian male international to win the Champions League.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Paris Saint-Germain's defeat meant that the past seven final debutants since the success of Borussia Dortmund in 1997 had all lost, including fellow Ligue 1 club Monaco in 2004. This also meant their arch-rival Marseille were still the only French club to ever win the European Cup, having done so in 1993. The match was the lowest-scoring Champions League final since the goalless 2003 edition between Juventus and Milan and the first final to be ended 1–0 since Real Madrid's victory over Juventus in 1998.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Following the completion of the competition, UEFA's Technical Observers named nine Bayern Munich players in the Champions League squad of the season: David Alaba, Alphonso Davies, Serge Gnabry, Leon Goretzka, Joshua Kimmich, Robert Lewandowski, Thomas Müller, Manuel Neuer and Thiago. For Paris Saint-Germain, Marquinhos, Kylian Mbappé and Neymar were included in the squad.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: As the winners, Bayern also qualified to enter the group stage of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League; however as Bayern already qualified through their league performance, the berth reserved was given to the team that was top of the abandoned 2019–20 Eredivisie (Ajax), the 11th-ranked association according to next season's access list.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: Following the loss, Paris Saint-Germain fans clashed with riot police in Paris, including on the Champs-Élysées and near the Parc des Princes. Cars were ignited, buildings were attacked, and flares and fireworks were shot at police after tear gas was used to disperse fans.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: The two teams met again the following season at the quarter-final stage. The scores were level at 3–3 after the two legs, but Paris Saint-Germain won on away goals.


title: 2020 UEFA Champions League Final

text: In France, the final was televised on TF1, and drew an average of 11.1 million viewers, making it the third most watched Champions League final ever in France, after the 1993 and 2004 finals which also involved teams from the country. The game was also shown live on RMC Sport, who did not disclose their viewing figures. In Germany, the match drew a viewership of 12.8 million, which was around 39.9% of the market share, on state-owned ZDF, and another 1.04 million viewers watching the match through pay-television broadcaster Sky Deutschland.


title: Reese Witherspoon filmography

text: Reese Witherspoon is an American actress. She made her acting debut in "The Man in the Moon" (1991). Her second box office performance was with Keifer Sutherland in "Freeway" (1996) in which Witherspoon played a youth troubled by victimization and neglect who has a violent murderous streak, but in the name of protecting vulnerable youth from sexual predation by seemingly perverted men. She then rose to prominence in 1999 with "Cruel Intentions" and for her portrayal of Tracy Flick in the black comedy "Election", which earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination. She achieved fame for her work on romantic comedies with her role as Elle Woods in the comedy "Legally Blonde" (2001) and its , as well as her starring role in "Sweet Home Alabama" (2002). She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of June Carter Cash in the 2005 biographical musical film "Walk the Line". She also received an Academy Award nomination for her performance in the 2014 drama "Wild".


title: Reese Witherspoon filmography

text: Witherspoon became a leading actress on the HBO television series "Big Little Lies" (2017–2019) (winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series as an executive producer), the Apple TV+ drama series "The Morning Show" (2019–present), and the Hulu miniseries "Little Fires Everywhere" (2020).


title: Reese Witherspoon filmography

text: Launching Hello Sunshine in 2014, Witherspoon has served as producer on several of her films and shows, in addition to the 2014 psychological thriller "Gone Girl".


title: 21 Bridges

text: 21 Bridges is a 2019 American action thriller film directed by Brian Kirk and written by Adam Mervis and Matthew Michael Carnahan, based on a story by Mervis. The film stars Chadwick Boseman as an NYPD Detective who shuts down the 21 river crossings of Manhattan to find two suspected cop killers, portrayed by Stephan James and Taylor Kitsch. Sienna Miller, Keith David and J. K. Simmons appear in supporting roles. The film was produced by brothers Joe and Anthony Russo, Mike Larocca, Robert Simonds, Gigi Pritzker, Boseman (in his only producing credit) and Logan Coles.


title: 21 Bridges

text: The project was announced as "17 Bridges" in July 2018. Principal photography began on September 24, 2018 in New York City, primarily Brooklyn, and also took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Several members of the cast joined the film in October 2018, including James and David.


title: 21 Bridges

text: "21 Bridges" was theatrically released in the United States on November 22, 2019, by STXfilms. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $49 million worldwide on a $33 million production budget.


title: 21 Bridges

text: Andre Davis is a successful NYPD Detective like his father, who was murdered on duty when Davis was 13. Struggling with his father's legacy, Davis has earned a reputation for killing several criminals over the years, although he claims they were all in self-defense and is uncomfortable with the label.


title: 21 Bridges

text: One night, Michael Trujillo and Ray Jackson, two small-time criminals and ex-military soldiers, attempt to steal 30 kilograms of cocaine from a wine shop in Brooklyn. They find three hundred instead, and when a group of officers from the NYPD's 85th Precinct arrives, Ray guns them down in a shootout, killing seven and wounding another, who later dies in the hospital. After they escape into Manhattan with 50 kilograms, Michael chastises Ray for putting them in jeopardy by killing cops. Assigned to the case, Davis and NYPD Narcotics Detective Frankie Burns come into conflict with Sgt. Butchco and Sgt. Dugan, who attempt to allow FBI Special Agents to take it over. Reasoning that the criminals would have to sell the cocaine in Manhattan before escaping the state, Davis secures the reluctant approval of the Deputy Mayor, the FBI, and the precinct's head, Captain McKenna, for Manhattan Island to be locked down until 5 a.m.


title: 21 Bridges

text: As Ray and Michael go with their liaison, Bush, to meet their buyer, Hawk, who gives them $1 million, Davis and Burns manage to identify all three. Bush is soon gunned down by Butchco and Dugan in a nightclub. After catching Butchco planting his backup sidearm on Bush's body and briefly scuffling with him, Davis becomes more suspicious of his colleagues.


title: 21 Bridges

text: Adi, a money launderer, gives Michael and Ray new identities and tells them to depart for Miami the next morning. However, before he can secure their money in an offshore account, a team of NYPD officers led by Lieutenant Kelly manages to locate and raid his apartment. Adi is mortally wounded but gives Michael two flash drives and their password.


title: 21 Bridges

text: Davis and Burns catch up to Michael and Ray; after accidentally killing a civilian, Ray is fatally wounded by Davis. Michael holds Burns at gunpoint, telling Davis about the drives and how suspicious everything is, before escaping. Burns scolds Davis for letting Michael escape despite Davis' reputation. In a hotel room, Michael unlocks the drives, realizing that McKenna's precinct was involved in trafficking the drugs from the winery and earning profits for it, and that some of the cops he and Ray had killed in the shootout had been corrupt. After another chase where Michael abandons his money, Davis manages to corner him on a subway train and convinces him to surrender, promising to keep him alive. Burns, who has also boarded the train, suddenly shoots Michael, claiming when he berates her that she thought Michael was still holding Davis at gunpoint. Michael secretly gives Davis the drives and password before dying. As the police congratulate the two for their efforts, Davis discovers that Burns had contacted Kelly before Adi's apartment was raided.


title: 21 Bridges

text: The next morning, McKenna returns home to find Davis holding him at gunpoint, having accessed the drives. McKenna explains that the officers went into drug trafficking because they were struggling to survive on a measly pay. Davis, refusing to walk away, kills the arriving Butchco, Dugan and Kelly – who were all on McKenna's payroll – then McKenna, who refuses to surrender. Burns, whom Davis deduced was also allied with McKenna, appears from behind and holds Davis at gunpoint, but surrenders after Davis reveals that he had already leaked the information online, exposing all the corrupt cops in New York, and reasons that her daughter would live without her mother should she get a life sentence for killing him.


title: 21 Bridges

text: In the aftermath, Davis solemnly drives along the Manhattan Bridge in the sunset, taking the drives with him.


title: 21 Bridges

text: On July 11, 2018, it was announced that Chadwick Boseman would star in the film, then known under the title "17 Bridges", with Brian Kirk directing. J. K. Simmons, Sienna Miller and Taylor Kitsch were cast in September. Chris Pratt, Andrew Koji, Will Yun Lee, and Lewis Tan were also considered for roles.


title: 21 Bridges

text: Filming began on September 24, with production occurring between New York City and Philadelphia. Keith David, Morocco Omari, Stephan James and Jamie Neumann joined in October 2018. Sienna Miller would later reveal just after his death that Boseman donated part of his salary to her in order to have her fairly compensated when STX did not meet her requested pay.


title: 21 Bridges

text: Henry Jackman and Alex Belcher composed the film score, with the soundtrack being released by Sony Classical Records.


title: 21 Bridges

text: "21 Bridges" was released in the United States and Canada on November 22, 2019. It was previously scheduled to be released on July 12 and September 27, 2019.


title: 21 Bridges

text: The film was released in digital download on February 4, 2020 and also released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 18, 2020. Over its first two weeks of release the film totaled $3.2 million in sales.


title: 21 Bridges

text: "21 Bridges" grossed $28.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $21.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $49.9 million, against a production budget of $33 million.


title: 21 Bridges

text: In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood" and "Frozen II", and was projected to gross $10–12 million from 2,655 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $3.3 million on its first day, including $770,000 from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $9.3 million, finishing fourth at the box office. The film fell 37% in its second weekend, making $5.8 million and finishing sixth.


title: 21 Bridges

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average score of . The website's critics consensus reads, ""21 Bridges" covers its beat competently enough, but given its impressive cast, this cop thriller should be more arresting than it is." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an average 4 out of 5 stars, with 57% saying they would definitely recommend it.


title: Wildcard mask

text: A wildcard mask is a mask of bits that indicates which parts of an IP address are available for examination. In the Cisco IOS, they are used in several places, for example:


title: Wildcard mask

text: A wildcard mask can be thought of as an inverted subnet mask. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (binary equivalent = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000) inverts to a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255 (binary equivalent = 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111).


title: Wildcard mask

text: Any wildcard bit-pattern can be masked for examination. For example, a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.254 (binary equivalent = 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111110) applied to IP address 10.10.10.2 (00001010.00001010.00001010.00000010) will match even-numbered IP addresses 10.10.10.0, 10.10.10.2, 10.10.10.4, 10.10.10.6 etc. Same mask applied to 10.10.10.1 (00001010.00001010.00001010.00000001) will match odd-numbered IP addresses 10.10.10.1, 10.10.10.3, 10.10.10.5 etc.


title: Wildcard mask

text: A network and wildcard mask combination of 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 would match an interface configured exactly with 1.1.1.1 only, and nothing else.


title: Wildcard mask

text: Wildcard masks are used in situations where subnet masks may not apply. For example, when two affected hosts fall in different subnets, the use of a wildcard mask will group them together.


title: Lee Mack

text: Lee Gordon McKillop (born 4 August 1968), known by his stage name Lee Mack, is an English comedian, actor, podcaster and presenter. He is known for his quick wit, writing and starring in the sitcom "Not Going Out", being a team captain on the BBC One comedy panel show "Would I Lie to You?", hosting the Sky One panel show "Duck Quacks Don't Echo", presenting the panel show "They Think It's All Over", and hosting "Freeze the Fear with Wim Hof" (2022–) alongside Holly Willoughby. He has also been a guest host on "Have I Got News for You" and "Never Mind the Buzzcocks", a guest captain on "8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown", and a guest panellist on "QI". In 2021, he made his debut on the BBC Radio 4 panel game "I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue". In 2022, he began hosting the ITV game-show, "The 1% Club".


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack was born on 4 August 1968 in Southport, now a part of Merseyside. He lived above a pub until he was 12, when his parents separated. He went to Birkdale Primary Junior School (Bury Road), Stanley High School in Southport, and Everton High School in Blackburn. On leaving school, Mack worked in a bingo hall and as a stable boy. After working at the stable of racehorse trainer Ginger McCain in Southport for three days, he asked if he could ride one of the horses, to which the trainer agreed. Without realising, Mack then chose Red Rum as the first horse he would ride.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack then became a Blue Coat entertainer at the Pontins holiday resort at Hemsby in Norfolk. He was sacked after appearing on stage drunk one night, forgetting a joke and insulting an audience member. He then worked for six months at Pontins in Morecambe.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack went on to have various other jobs, and performed his first "open mic" slot in 1994, while studying at Brunel University, from where he graduated with a degree in Drama. Within 18 months he was a full-time comedian.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack first came to prominence by winning "So You Think You're Funny" at the 1995 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Five years later at the festival, he was nominated for the Perrier Award Main Prize for his sketch comedy show, "Lee Mack's New Bits", with Catherine Tate and Dan Antopolski. Since then, Mack has played the part of Graham, the security guard in the original radio version of "The Mighty Boosh", and also has his own radio show on BBC Radio 2 called "The Lee Mack Show", which features varying celebrities co-hosting the show.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack was a cast member for ITV's "The Sketch Show" and featured in the American show of the same name.


title: Lee Mack

text: In 2005, Mack presented "They Think It's All Over", a sports-based comedy panel game, formerly presented by Nick Hancock. However, it proved to be the show's final series. In 2007 he appeared on "TV Heaven, Telly Hell".


title: Lee Mack

text: His first sitcom "Not Going Out" for BBC One with Tim Vine (in which he plays Lee, the leading man) premiered on 6 October 2006. The show has since returned for ten more series, the most recent airing in 2022. The show has won a Rose d'Or and RTS Award.


title: Lee Mack

text: Since 2007 Mack has been a team captain on the BBC One comedy panel show "Would I Lie to You?". He has also been guest host on "Have I Got News for You" six times, and was twice guest host on "Never Mind the Buzzcocks".


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack has appeared on "Live at the Apollo" and "8 out of 10 Cats Does Countdown", where he is the current Carrot in a Box champion.


title: Lee Mack

text: In June 2011, Mack launched a new show, "Lee Mack's All Star Cast", for BBC One. It features members of the audience taking part in silly games to get a spot in a sketch at the end of the show. In June 2012, Mack was one of the compères at Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Concert outside Buckingham Palace in London, introducing Cliff Richard, Ed Sheeran, and Madness.


title: Lee Mack

text: In March 2013, Mack appeared on the panel on an episode of "Let's Dance for Comic Relief" with Arlene Phillips and Greg James.


title: Lee Mack

text: From 2014 to 2017, Mack presented "Duck Quacks Don't Echo", a comedy-based panel show for Sky1, with various celebrity guests.


title: Lee Mack

text: In June 2020, Mack announced his new sitcom, "Semi-Detached". He was also set to host a reality show named "The Chop: Britain's Best Woodworker" for Sky History. However, the show was suspended shortly after its debut in October 2020, after allegations emerged that one of the series' contestants, promoted through the channel's social media pages, bore facial tattoos resembling Nazi symbolism. "Semi-Detached" was cancelled after one season.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack is currently presenting two new shows in 2022: "Freeze the Fear with Wim Hof" on BBC One - alongside Holly Willoughby and Wim Hof, and "The 1% Club", on ITV. "The 1% Club" was renewed for a second series.


title: Lee Mack

text: In June 2022, Mack was one of the compères at the Queen's Platinum Jubilee Platinum Party at the Palace, introducing Jax Jones and Diana Ross.


title: Lee Mack

text: On 8 November 2022, it was announced that he would be hosting that year's Royal Variety Performance at the Royal Albert Hall.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack has long had an interest in Buddhism, mindfulness and the possibility of leading a more spiritual life. Since September 2020 he has hosted a podcast on Buddhism and mindfulness with Neil Webster called "I Can't Believe It's Not Buddha".


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack went on tour in 2006 and filmed his first live DVD at the Bloomsbury Theatre, which was released the following year. In spring 2010 Mack embarked on his "Going Out" tour. Extra dates were added for autumn 2010 due to his spring tour being sold out well in advance. "Going Out Live", his second live DVD, was filmed at the Hammersmith Apollo and was released in November. In December 2010 he performed at the Royal Variety Performance.


title: Lee Mack

text: In 2010, Mack took part in "Channel 4's Comedy Gala", a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, filmed live at the O2 Arena in London on 30 March.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack met Tasha Mckillop during his time studying at Brunel University in 1996. They married in 2005, and they live in East Molesey, Surrey with their three children, including their son, Arlo, who briefly appeared in the 2013 Christmas special of "Not Going Out". He is a vegan. Mack is of distant part Irish descent, which was explored in the 2018 season of the British television programme, "Who Do You Think You Are?" While on the show, Mack found that his great-grandfather was a jobbing comic named William Alexander McKillop, who used the stage name Billy Mac. He also learned that his grandfather Joe was born in Southport, but was brought to Ireland as a baby and brought up by his grandparents in Ballina, County Mayo.


title: Lee Mack

text: In February 2009, Mack, along with other British entertainers, signed an open letter to "The Times" regarding the Baháʼí Faith leaders then on trial in Iran.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack said in an interview with "The Guardian" that his first foray into comedy was doing Bobby Ball impressions at his school when he was 15. Ball would go on to play Mack's father, Frank in "Not Going Out". Mack is a keen supporter of Blackburn Rovers and occasionally visits Ewood Park to watch games. At one point, he shared a flat with Noel Fielding.


title: Lee Mack

text: In July 2012, Mack received an honorary doctorate from Brunel University. He published his autobiography "Mack the Life" ().


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack is a darts fan, and regularly plays with his friend and former "Not Going Out" co-star, Tim Vine. Both men appeared on the debut series of "Let's Play Darts", facing each other in the final, with Mack and his partner Martin Adams beating Vine and his partner Darryl Fitton. Mack held two Guinness World Records titles relating to darts. The first was for the most darts number twos in one minute, which stood until 19 November 2020 when Ricky Evans broke the record with a total of 25. Mack had also, on the same day of the first record, broken the record for the most darts in inner and outer bullseyes in one minute; that title was held for a year and two months, before it was broken on 23 September 2016 by professional darts player James Wade.


title: Lee Mack

text: In a 2015 interview with "The Big Issue", Mack stated that he adheres to "left-of-centre" political leanings.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack has a phobia of flying, and travels by himself to holiday destinations. He travelled by train to Barcelona. He went around the world for Children in Need in 2009 with some other celebrities; however, he and Frank Skinner did not fly to Turkey. Mack said because the day he went home was his wife's birthday, he could not get the train back. He went on a flying course, which briefly helped for the flight home; however, he has not been on another plane since.


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack has taken part in several Soccer Aid matches to raise money for UNICEF. In September 2021, he scored for the first time, in a year that he played for the World XI team, due to his Irish heritage of his great-grandmother, which wouldn't be allowed under FIFA rules. On 12 June 2022, Mack returned for the following game at the London Stadium, and scored the winning penalty for the World XI after a 2–2 draw in normal time.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Danish Realm (; ; ), officially the Kingdom of Denmark (; ; ), is a sovereign state located in Northern Europe and Northern North America. It consists of metropolitan Denmark, the kingdom's territory in continental Europe and sometimes called "Denmark proper" (), and the realm's two autonomous regions: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The relationship between the three parts of the Kingdom is also known as The unity of the Realm (; ; ).


title: Danish Realm

text: The Kingdom of Denmark is not a federation; similar to the Realm of New Zealand, it is a concept encompassing the three autonomous legal systems of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, united under its monarch. The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary sovereign state. It has Arctic territorial claims in the Arctic Ocean: various sites near the North Pole (Lomonosov Ridge, Gakkel Ridge, Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge complex, and the Chukchi Borderland). Constitutionally, the Kingdom of Denmark encompasses the realm, but the Faroe Islands and Greenland have an extended degree of autonomy to govern their relations.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been under the Crown of Denmark since 1397 ("de facto") when the Kalmar Union was ratified, and part of the Danish Realm since 1814 ("de jure"). However, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm now have an extensive degree of self-government and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.


title: Danish Realm

text: Legal matters in the Realm are subject to the Constitution of the Realm of Denmark. It stipulates that it applies for all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark and that legislative, executive and judicial powers are the responsibility of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Denmark (), the Government of Denmark and the Supreme Court of Denmark. The Faroe Islands received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in a 1979 referendum. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received "self rule", thus leaving the government of Denmark with little influence over the matters of internal affairs that are devolved to the local governments of Greenland and the Faroe Islands.


title: Danish Realm

text: The sovereign state that holds sovereignty over the Realm of Denmark () is named "Kingdom of Denmark" (). The Constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark refers to the state's territory as , which means "The Realm of Denmark".


title: Danish Realm

text: The Danish term , translated as "The unity of the Realm", the "commonwealth of the Realm", or the "Danish Commonwealth" refers to the constitutional status of the relationship between Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland. The name was used by Danish and Greenlandic authorities in the negotiations for home rule introduced in 1979, and has become popular since the beginning of the 1990s. The acts establishing the 1948 Faroese home rule and the 1979 Greenlandic home rule use the term "rigsenheden" instead. Jurist Frederik Harhoff argued in 1993 that "rigsenheden" should be replaced with "rigsfællesskabet", as the former implies a common identity, while the latter implied a community of different identities. The use of the expression "Rigsfællesskabet" though can be traced back to at least 1908.


title: Danish Realm

text: Denmark's population is by far the largest of the three; 5.8 million people live in Denmark, and about 52,000 and 56,000 in the Faroe Island and Greenland, respectively. In comparison, there are ten cities in Denmark with a population above 50,000 people. Denmark is populated by the Danes, the Faroe Island by the Faroese, and Greenland by the Greenlandic Inuit. In both the Faroe Islands and Greenland, Danes make up 7.6% of the population, . , there are about 11,000 Faeroese-born and 17,000 Greenlandic-born people living in Denmark.


title: Danish Realm

text: With respect to area, Greenland is by far the largest, and makes up 98% of the realm. The entire kingdom has an area of , and is according to "The World Factbook" the twelfth largest country in the world, the same rank held by Greenland alone. Denmark alone has an area of about 43,000 km, and is no. 133 on that list. Denmark is situated in Northern Europe and is flat and arable, the Faroe Islands in the Northern Atlantic and is rugged with cliffs along the coast, while Greenland is in the North Atlantic and Arctic, and is 79% covered in ice. Greenland is the most sparsely populated territory in the world, according to the World Bank.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Kingdom has submitted five claims to the United Nations that its exclusive economic zone extends beyond the usual 200 nautical miles limit: one north and one south of the Faroe Islands, and three around Greenland. One Greenlandic claim includes the North Pole and the Lomonosov Ridge, and extend all the way to the Russian exclusive economic zone. Claims overlapping with other nation's claims has to be resolved through negotiation; in 2019, Iceland, Norway and the Kingdom of Denmark settled their claims to the area north of the Faroe Islands.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Kingdom was in a dispute with Canada on who has sovereignty over Hans Island between 1978 and 2022. The two governments eventually settled on a border running approximately halfway through the island.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Faroe Islands were settled by Norwegian Vikings in the 9th century, displacing Irish monks already there. Iceland was settled in the 9th century by Norsemen, and was a free state until 1262/1264, when it came under Norwegian taxation. Greenland, already populated by the indigenous Greenlandic Inuit, was settled by Norwegians in the 10th century, among those Erik the Red. The connection to Greenland was lost in the 15th century, but Denmark–Norway again established connections in 1721 though the missionary Hans Egede.


title: Danish Realm

text: In 1814, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden under the Treaty of Kiel, but kept control of the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. The colonies on Greenland were situated on the west coast, and as a condition for the sale of the Danish West Indies to the United States in 1917, the U.S. recognised Danish sovereignty over the whole island, and most countries followed suit. One exception was Norway who in 1931 occupied parts of East Greenland, but abandoned their claim in 1933, when it lost the case at the Permanent Court of International Justice.


title: Danish Realm

text: In Iceland there were a growing nationalism in the 19th century, and Iceland was in 1874 given its own constitution and increased autonomy, but still with the executive power in Danish hands. Iceland was granted home rule in 1904, and, by the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union, full independence in 1918. The act established a personal union between Denmark and the newly created Kingdom of Iceland, with Denmark handling coastal protection and foreign affairs. In 1944, Iceland abolished the personal union and adopted a new constitution that established the current republic, after a referendum on the subject. This happened during World War II, where Denmark and Iceland were cut off from each other, as Denmark was occupied by Germany, and Iceland by the United States.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Faroe Islands were made a Danish county in 1816, and with the constitution of 1849, it gained representation in the Rigsdag. During World War II, the Faroe Islands were occupied by the United Kingdom and they largely administrated themselves. After the war, it was clear that the old system could not be reinstated. In an independence referendum in 1946, 50.7% of the Faeroese voted for independence, but the result was rejected by the Danish government. Instead, after negotiations between the Faroe Islands and Denmark, the Faroe Islands were granted "home rule" in 1948.


title: Danish Realm

text: Greenland was originally administrated as two separate colonies, viz. North and South Greenland. In 1950, these two were merged as the Colony of Greenland. Following the constitutional reform in 1953, Greenland was incorporated into Denmark as a county and given representation in the Folketing. When Denmark joined the European Communities (EC) in 1972, Greenland followed, despite 70% of the Greenlandic voters voted against it in the referendum. As a home rule agreement would allow them to leave again (the Faroe Islands did not join the EC), this was an important factor in the increasing support for home rule. Another factor was a desire to make Greenland more Greenlandic and less Danish. They were given home rule in 1979 and left the EC in 1985. Under the home rule agreement, Greenland gradually took over more responsibility from the Danish state. In 2009, the home rule was replaced with "self rule", granting greater autonomy.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Danish constitution also applies in the Faroe Island and Greenland, as section one states that it "shall apply to all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark". The sovereignty of the Faroe Islands and Greenland is held by the Danish state. The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary state, with the Folketing being its unicameral legislature. The Faroe Island and Greenland each elect two members to the parliament; the remaining 175 members are elected in Denmark.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Folketing have by law given the Faroe Island and Greenland extensive autonomy; the Faroe Island was given "home rule" in 1948, and Greenland was too in 1979. Greenland's home rule was in 2009 replaced by "self rule". There is an ongoing legal debate about what constitutional weight these arrangements have. In general, there are two conflicting views: (a) the laws delegate power from the Folketing and can be revoked unilaterally by it, and (b) the laws have special status so changes require the consent of the Faeroese Løgting or the Greenlandic Inatsisartut, respectively.


title: Danish Realm

text: Proponents of the first interpretation include Alf Ross, Poul Meyer, and Jens Peter Christensen. Ross, the chief architect of the Faeroese home rule, compared it to an extended version of the autonomy of municipalities. Meyer wrote in 1947, prior to the Faeroese home rule, that if power was delegated as extensive in other parts of the country, it would probably breach section 2 of the 1915 constitution, suggesting it did not do that here due to the Faroe Islands' separate history. Similarly, Christensen, a Supreme Court judge, said that due to the special circumstances, the scope of delegation need not be strictly defined.


title: Danish Realm

text: Proponents of the second interpretation include Edward Mitens, Max Sørensen and Frederik Harhoff. Mitens, a Faeroese jurist and politician, argued that the Faeroese home rule had been approved by both the Løgting and the Rigsdag, so it was an agreement between two parties, in particular because the approval by the Løgting happened according to special rules put in place in 1940 with the consent of the Danish representative there, during the occupation by the United Kingdom. Sørensen said the intention with the Faeroese home rule was that it should not be unilaterally changed, as stated in the preamble, so it had that effect. Harhoff, in his 1993 Doctorate dissertation, considered the home rule acts of the Faroe Islands and Greenland to be somewhere in between the constitution and a usual act by the Folketing, as it had been treated as such.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Greenlandic self rule act of 2009 gives Greenland a way to achieve independence. First, the Greenlandic people must make the decision, after which there should be negotiations between the Greenlandic government ("Naalakkersuisut") and the Danish government about how to practically implement it. The agreement reached needs to be ratified by Inatsisartut, and approved in a referendum in Greenland. It also needs consent from the Folketing, in accordance with section 19 of the Danish constitution. That section states that any changes to the Kingdom's territory needs to be approved by the Folketing. Greenlandic independence does not require a constitutional change; instead, should Greenland become independent, the rules in the constitution regarding Greenland becomes void.


title: Danish Realm

text: With regards to international law, Denmark signed the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention in 1996 and acknowledged the Greenlandic Inuit as an indigenous people. In the 2009 self rule act, Denmark recognised the Greenlandic people as a "people" within the context of international law, and their inherent right to self-determination.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Kingdom of Denmark constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the devolved powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government, thus the state remains "de jure" unitary.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese and the Greenlandic political authorities. The Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides an annual grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas.


title: Danish Realm

text: The 1948 "Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands" sets out the terms of Faroese home rule. The Act states, "...the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark." It establishes the home government of the Faroe Islands ("Landsstýrið") and the Faroese parliament, the "Løgting". More significantly, the Act specifies the powers devolved from the Government of Denmark, including: local government and municipal affairs; taxation, at a local and territorial level; public services, including police and town planning; welfare services, such as housing; primary and secondary education; Archives, libraries, museums; agriculture and fishing; entertainment; among other areas. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county ("amt"); the Home Rule Act abolished the post of "Amtmand" (County Governor) and replaced it with the role of "Rigsombudsmand" (High Commissioner of the Danish government). These powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an "equal partner" with the Danish government.


title: Danish Realm

text: The 1978 "Greenland Home Rule Act" devolves powers in much the same way as the Faroese Home Rule Act. It sets out a home rule government and Greenlandic parliament. Specific areas of governance specified in the act include: Organization of local government; Fishing and agriculture; Welfare system; protection of the environment; other areas affecting Greenlanders directly, etc.


title: Danish Realm

text: On 21 June 2009, Greenland assumed self-determination with responsibility for self-government of judicial affairs, policing, natural resources, immigration and border controls. Also, Greenlanders were recognised as a separate people under international law. Greenland is now described as having "self rule", with its home government exercising a wider range of powers.


title: Danish Realm

text: There are a number of matters that can not be acquired by the territories; Constitutional affairs, foreign policy, defence, the Supreme Court, citizenship, and monetary policy. Additionally, the Faroese and Greenlandic parliaments are subordinate to the Danish parliament, where the two territories are represented by two seats each (from a total of 179 seats).


title: Danish Realm

text: The Faroe Islands have gradually taken control of more and more areas of responsibility according to their Home Rule Act from 1948. The Faroese/Danish act of 2005 states: "This law is based on an agreement between the Governments of the Faroe Islands and Denmark as equal partners."


title: Danish Realm

text: Previously, most foreign relations were undertaken exclusively by the Government of Denmark on behalf of the entire realm, but more recently the Faroe Islands and Greenland have increased their role in foreign policy. Representatives for both have joined Danish delegations in discussions on some international matters, such as fishing rights. Greenlandic representatives were included in the process of a new treaty between Denmark and the US regarding the Thule Air Base in northwest Greenland.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the OECD and the World Trade Organization. The Faroe Islands and Greenland are associated members of the Nordic Council in their own right as part of Denmark's membership. Although the Kingdom of Denmark is a member of the European Union, both areas have special dispensation and remain outside the EU. Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark in 1973, but opted to leave in 1985 after Greenlandic home rule was introduced in 1979.


title: Danish Realm

text: The "Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands" specifies that a 'Faroese' shall be understood to mean a person who is a ""national" of Denmark and a "resident" of the Faroe Islands". The Government of Denmark issues special passports for its citizens living in the Faroe Islands and Greenland with the right to choose a regular Danish passport as well. The Faroese Home Rule Act states that, in Faroese passports, "Føroyingur" (Faroese) and "Føroyar" (Faroe Islands) shall be inserted after the words "Dansk" (Danish) and "Danmark" (Denmark).


title: Danish Realm

text: The provisions for home rule are limited to internal matters only. Neither Greenland nor the Faroe Islands can write laws that concern the relationship with other states, nor laws that apply to the entire Realm; furthermore, the Supreme Court (Danish: "Højesteret") in Copenhagen is the final legal instance, and legal matters from Greenland and the Faroe Islands must be prepared for that court, like any Danish matter. Danish currency is also legal tender in Greenland, but not in the Faroes. Denmark is responsible for the military defence of both nations.


title: Danish Realm

text: The Kingdom of Denmark is a member state of the European Communities, the predecessor of the European Union, since 1973. In 1982, Greenland voted to leave the Communities after gaining home rule from the Realm of Denmark. The Faroe Islands was never part of the EU, as explicitly asserted by both Rome treaties. The relations of the Faroe Islands with the EU are governed by a Fisheries Agreement (1977) and a Free Trade Agreement (1991, revised 1998). The main reason for remaining outside the EU is disagreements about the Common Fisheries Policy.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Kim Hee-sun (born June 11, 1977) is a South Korean actress. She rose to fame in the 1990s with leading roles in television series such as "Men of the Bath House" (1995), "Propose" (1997), "Wedding Dress" (1997), "Forever Yours" (1998), "Mister Q" (1998), "Sunflower" (1998), and "Tomato" (1999). Kim also starred in the martial arts films "Bichunmoo" (2000) and "The Myth" (2005), historical media drama "Faith" (2012), teen drama "Angry Mom" (2015), mystery drama "The Lady in Dignity" (2017), and fantasy drama "Tomorrow" (2022).


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Kim Hee-sun won the Fair Face Beauty Contest in 1992 when she was a middle school student, and began modeling in teen magazines. In 1993, Kim, then a high school sophomore, appeared in a commercial for "Lotte Samkang"'s crab chips, which led to her acting debut in "Dinosaur Teacher"; and an MC gig for music show "Live TV Music 20" that same year.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: She enjoyed peak popularity in the mid-to-late 1990s, starring in one hit Korean drama after another. These include "Men of the Bath House" (1995) written by Kim Soo-hyun, "Propose" (1997), "Wedding Dress" (1997) with Lee Seung-yeon, "Forever Yours" (1998) with Ryu Si-won, "Mister Q" (1998) with Kim Min-jong and Song Yun-ah, "Sunflower" (1998) with Ahn Jae-wook, and "Tomato" (1999) with Kim Suk-hoon. Kim won the top prize at the 1998 SBS Drama Awards for "Mister Q", making her, at the time, the youngest ever Grand Prize (Daesang) winner, at 21 years old. During this period, she also appeared in numerous advertisements and rose to fame both at home and abroad as one of Korea's most beautiful and trend-setting actresses.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Unlike her success in television, the big screen proved to be a bigger challenge for Kim's career. She made her film debut in 1997's "Repechage" opposite Jang Dong-gun, and the film's director Lee Kwang-hoon subsequently put her in his next film "Ghost in Love" (1999). In her most high-profile role to date, Kim played the daughter of a Mongolian general in the big-budget martial arts fantasy "Bichunmoo", shot in China and released in the summer of 2000. Although criticized for her acting in the film, it gave her more local and international exposure than any of her other films. Along with her popular TV dramas, it cemented her position as a Korean Wave star in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and throughout Southeast Asia.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: In late 2001, Kim took on a completely different kind of role, cutting her hair short and starring as an animator in "Wanee & Junah". Although her acting in this film drew a favorable response from critics, the film itself was a commercial flop. Her career took a downturn in 2003, when the environmentally-themed melodrama "A Man Who Went to Mars", also known as "A Letter From Mars", costarring Shin Ha-kyun became an utter bomb at the box office. She returned to television, however "My Fair Lady" (2003) which was adapted from the Japanese television drama "Yamato Nadeshiko", and "Sad Love Story" (2005) where she played a blind singer, both received low ratings.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Due to her popularity among Chinese viewers, Kim was then cast opposite Jackie Chan in "The Myth", for which she learned to speak Mandarin. Back in Korea, her career slump continued with "Smile Again" in 2006.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Kim married in 2007, and she left the entertainment scene to devote her time to being a wife and mother. During this five-year hiatus from acting, apart from appearing in magazines, Kim published a book in 2009 on childcare and how to lose post-pregnancy weight, titled "Kim Hee-sun's Happy Mom Project".


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Though she had a minor role in the Chinese epic "The Warring States" (2011), Kim officially made her comeback in 2012 as a modern-day doctor who time-travels to Goryeo in the period romance "Faith", the last collaboration by screenwriter Song Ji-na and television director Kim Jong-hak.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: In 2013, Kim became one of the hosts of the revamped second season of variety talk show "Strong Heart", titled "Hwasin – Controller of the Heart". After "Hwasin" was cancelled, she was cast in the Lee Kyung-hee-penned weekend family drama "Wonderful Days" (2014). This was followed by "Angry Mom" in 2015, where Kim's portrayal of the titular character who returns to high school when she learns that her teenage daughter is being bullied was highly praised by critics. Kim then began filming for Chinese fantasy television drama "Ice Fantasy", which started airing in July 2016.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: In 2017, Kim starred in the television series, "The Lady in Dignity" alongside Kim Sun-ah. The series achieved a rating of 12.6% for its finale, becoming JTBC's highest rated drama at the time. Kim's performance was well received by critics and audience.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: In 2018, Kim starred in tvN's mystery drama "Room No. 9". The same year she confirmed her return to the big screen with independent film "Paper Flower". In 2020, Kim starred in the science fiction romance drama "Alice" which was broadcast on SBS in 2020 and released worldwide on Netflix in 2021.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: Kim wed businessman Park Ju-young in a lavish ceremony at the Seoul Sheraton Grande Walkerhill Hotel on October 19, 2007. She gave birth to daughter Park Yeon-ah on January 21, 2009.


title: Kim Hee-sun

text: On March 9, 2022, Kim donated million to the Korean Red Cross To help the victims of the massive forest fire that started in Uljin, Gyeongbuk and has spread to Samcheok, Gangwon. On April 25, 2022, Kim donated million to Asan Medical Center to be used to pay for the treatments of low-income patients.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Charlotte Maria Church (born Charlotte Maria Reed, 21 February 1986) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, actress, television presenter and political activist from Cardiff.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church rose to fame in childhood as a classical singer before branching into pop music in 2005. By 2007, she had sold more than 10 million records worldwide including over 5 million in the United States. In 2010, she was reported to be worth as much as £11M (though one 2003 report quoted her worth at £25M). She hosted a Channel 4 chat show titled "The Charlotte Church Show". Church released her first album in five years, titled "Back to Scratch", on 17 October 2010. Church is a soprano.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In recent years, Church has become engaged in political activism which has included support for the Labour party across the UK, and Plaid Cymru in Senedd elections in Wales. Church is also a supporter of Welsh independence.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church was born Charlotte Maria Reed in Llandaff, a district of Cardiff, Wales, the daughter of Maria (née Cooper) and Stephen Reed, a computer engineer. Her parents separated when she was two, and she was subsequently raised by her mother who brought her up as a Roman Catholic. In 1992, Maria married her second husband, James Church, who adopted Charlotte in 1999. She has four siblings; two younger half-brothers through her biological father, Luke and Alexander, and two older adoptive half-siblings from her adoptive father's previous marriage, Elisha and Andrew. Her musical break came at age 11 when she sang Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Pie Jesu" over the telephone on the television show "This Morning" in 1997, followed by her performance on ITV's "Big, Big Talent Show" in 1997.


title: Charlotte Church

text: A request to sing "Pie Jesu" at Rupert Murdoch's 1999 wedding to Wendy Deng led to concerts at Cardiff Arms Park, the Royal Albert Hall and opening for Dame Shirley Bassey in Antwerp. It was later revealed the Murdoch and Church's management at the time persuaded Church to waive a $100,000 payment for singing at Murdoch's wedding in return for "good press". Church also received a vocal scholarship to Howell's School Llandaff in Cardiff where she started in 1998, after leaving The Cathedral School, Llandaff. With help from tutors, she was able to manage both performing and school work, and said in many interviews that she was "just like every other girl her age". She left school at age 16.


title: Charlotte Church

text: As a classical music singer, Church sang in English, Welsh, Latin, Italian and French. She was then introduced to the Cardiff impresario Jonathan Shalit, who became her manager and negotiated a contract with Sony Music. Her first album, "Voice of an Angel" (1998), was a collection of arias, sacred songs, and traditional pieces that sold millions worldwide and made her the youngest artist with a No. 1 album on the British classical crossover charts.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church appeared on US Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) specials. Her 1999 self-titled second album also included operatic, religious and traditional tracks. One, the soaring and inspirational "Just Wave Hello", was the centrepiece of a millennium-themed ad campaign for the Ford Motor Company. The song's full-length video, featuring Church, won acclaim at the Detroit Auto Show and introduced her to new fans. The track reached No. 31 in Britain.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2000, she released "Dream a Dream", an album of Christmas carols. It included Church's first foray into a more non classical, pop-influenced style in the title track "Dream a Dream", borrowing the melody from Fauré's Pavane and featuring American child country singer Billy Gilman.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2001, Church added more pop, swing, and Broadway with her album "Enchantment". That year, Church made her first film appearance in the 2001 Ron Howard film "A Beautiful Mind". Celine Dion was beginning a concert engagement in Las Vegas and was not available to perform the film's end title song, "All Love Can Be", so composer James Horner enlisted Church and the song was rewritten for her vocal range. Church also handled other vocal passages throughout the score.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2001, "The Daily Star" (a tabloid newspaper) was mocked and criticised for featuring a picture of Church in a tight top with sexualised comments ("she's a big girl now ... chest swell!") next to a piece condemning Chris Morris' "Paedogeddon" episode of "Brass Eye", a comedy spoof of current affairs shows.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2002, at 16, she released a "best of" album called "", and took part in the Royal Christmas tour alongside Dame Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, marking the end of her classical music career. Her next album, "Tissues and Issues", would be a pop release.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2003 Church teamed up with trance music producer Jurgen Vries to sing vocals on his track "The Opera Song (Brave New World)". She was credited on the records as CMC (her initials) as it was her first foray into pop music. The song reached number three in the UK Singles Chart, Church's second highest charting single and Vries' highest.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2005, Church issued her first pop album "Tissues and Issues." Four singles were moderately successful in the UK with "Crazy Chick" reaching number two, "Call My Name" number ten, "Even God Can't Change the Past" number seventeen, and "Moodswings" number fourteen. Although these were released in Australia as well, they failed to reach the same level of success there. Church's pop album was released in the US through Amazon.com MP3 shop, and iTunes in 2009.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In April 2006, Church performed three concerts in Glasgow, London, and Cardiff, in venues holding between 2,000 and 3,000 people; the dates at London and Cardiff were sold out. Supported by Irish band the New Druids, Church performed a mix of tracks from her debut pop album and a number of pop covers including Prince's "Kiss" and Gloria Estefan's "Rhythm is Gonna Get You".


title: Charlotte Church

text: In November 2006, it was announced that she and Sony had parted ways. According to her publicist, this was a mutual decision reached after a series of meetings throughout the year, which were held since her six-album contract had ended. There was speculation that Church had decided to take a break from her singing career to focus on her television show. Others suggested that her pop releases' chart performance contributed to the decision. Yet another factor was her pregnancy with her daughter, Ruby Megan Henson.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2007, Church became Patron of the charity The Topsy Foundation UK, helping to raise awareness and funds for its work to support rural communities in South Africa, empowering people infected with and affected by HIV and AIDS, through medical care, social support and skills development.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Articles emerged in the UK press in March and April 2008 stating that she was still training classically, considering a return to classical crossover. Church has sung in religious services in Taizé. She has also performed before Pope John Paul II, Queen Elizabeth II, the Prince of Wales and Bill Clinton.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In June 2008, she became pregnant with her son, Dexter Lloyd Henson. In an interview, she mentioned she would be ready to work on more music in a few months, although she was not sure whether she would further develop her career in classical, pop, or both, as she loved both genres for different reasons. Church also mentioned that she had been working with a vocal instructor to keep her voice in check, and while she had never put a focus on her body image, she would like to get back into pre-pregnancy shape before resuming work.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In June 2009, Church was interviewed for "Hello!" magazine, and discussed her life since having her second child. She said that she was currently in the studio, resuming work on a new album and that her partner, Gavin Henson, had been strongly encouraging her to get back to work pursuing the career that she has greatly missed since settling down.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church appeared on "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross" on 13 March 2010, where she confirmed that she had already begun writing and recording her sixth studio album. Church also stated that the album was of a different sound to previous ones, more mature with a "kooky" vibe.


title: Charlotte Church

text: On 4 August 2010, Church made a new track, "Cold California", available to download from her website.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church's new album, "Back to Scratch", was released in the UK on 25 October 2010. The 14-track album was produced by Martin Terefe. "Back to Scratch" was preceded by a single – the LP's title track – on 24 October. "Back to Scratch" was originally inspired "by problems facing a family member", but Church admitted in a press release that the song now has resonance to her own personal life following her split from Gavin Henson. "Back to Scratch" also featured the song "The Actors", which Church performed on BBC One talent contest "Over the Rainbow", and a cover of Joni Mitchell's "River".


title: Charlotte Church

text: It was announced on 13 March 2011 that Church had terminated her US$3 million deal with Power Amp Music over promotional disputes. Her spokesperson released the following statement: "All I can really say, because of the confidentiality issues, is that it was in Charlotte's financial interests to do so before the agreement entered the second year of its term. This is typical for these type of deals, which are investment deals rather than record deals. I can also say that the decision to terminate the term early, which suited both parties, was made well before the commercial release of the album". A spokesperson from the record label also released a statement saying "It didn't work out with Charlotte and that's fair enough. There was no falling out. It was a mutual decision. They decided to exit the deal".


title: Charlotte Church

text: On 26 May 2012, Church premiered three new songs "The Rise", "How Not to be Surprised When You're a Ghost", and "Say It's True" on BBC Radio with Bethan Elfyn. Church released her first EP "ONE" on 4 September 2012.


title: Charlotte Church

text: On 19 December 2012, Church released the lead single from her second EP, "Glitterbombed" on "The Line of Best Fit", an online music magazine. Her second EP "Two" was released on 4 March 2013.


title: Charlotte Church

text: "One" and "Two" were combined for a US release on 12 March 2013. Church promoted "One" and "Two" in the US with her first North American performances in almost a decade. She appeared in New York, Los Angeles, Toronto, and at the South by Southwest Festival. Her costumes for her North American concerts were designed by Zoe Howerska.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church released the lead single from her third EP, "I Can Dream" via Soundcloud on 15 July 2013. Her third EP "THREE" was released on 19 August 2013.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church's fourth EP "Four" was released on 10 March 2014. She released a music video for the lead single from the EP, "Little Movements" on YouTube on 15 March 2014.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church has made a number of cameo appearances on television. She appeared in the CBS series "Touched by an Angel", appeared in the 1999 Christmas special of "Heartbeat", and in 2002, 2003 and 2012 she appeared on episodes of "Have I Got News for You" (the first time as the show's youngest-ever panellist; the second time as host). In 2005, she played herself in an episode of "The Catherine Tate Show", in a sketch with the fictional character Joanie Taylor ("Nan"). In 2008, she appeared briefly in a sketch in "Katy Brand's Big Ass Show".


title: Charlotte Church

text: In December 2005, for "The Paul O'Grady Show" Christmas pantomime, "The Wizard of Oz", Church played Dorothy Gale.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In the summer of 2006, Church began work on her own entertainment TV show, "The Charlotte Church Show". After a pilot episode which caused some controversy and which was never released to the public, the series began on 1 September 2006 on Channel 4. Church won a British Comedy Award for "Best Female Comedy Newcomer" in 2006, and the 'Funniest TV Personality' award at the 2006 "Loaded Magazine's" 'LAFTA' awards. In 2008, she was nominated for the "Rose d'Or" Special Award for Best Entertainer.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In late June 2008, Channel 4 began showing trials for the series. It has since concluded its eight-show run. A Christmas special aired on 21 December 2008. The show ended after its third series.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In January 2010 for "Hospital 24/7", Church made an appearance on the programme finale, where she visits the Children's Hospital for Wales to launch the Noah's Ark Appeals campaign to fund the equipment in the new Critical Care Unit, which will help children needing high dependency, or critical & intensive care.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2014 Church performed as Mrs Ogmore Pritchard in a BBC adaptation of "Under Milk Wood" by Dylan Thomas.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2018, Church appeared in the BBC One documentary "Charlotte Church: Inside My Brain", in which she explores the subject of mental health and the various kinds of research being done in the field.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2022, Church appeared as "Mushroom" on the third series of "The Masked Singer" and finished in second place.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2022, Church has a brief cameo in the TV series Welcome to Wrexham episode 7 in a mock interview with her by Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney followed by her singing of the Wrexham team song and the Welsh National Anthem.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church released an autobiography titled "Voice of an Angel (My Life So Far)" in October 2000, at 14. She released a second autobiography titled "Keep Smiling" in late 2007.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church gave BBC 6 Music's John Peel Lecture at The Lowry in Salford in 2013, in which she criticised the music industry for what she described as a culture of sexism that pressures female artists to project a sexualised image of themselves.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Following Church's appearance at the Leveson Inquiry, she became increasingly outspoken on a number of political issues, which she has explained as growing out of her experience of Leveson as well as the Conservative victory in the 2015 general election. She is a member of media campaigning group Hacked Off. In May 2015 she joined a demonstration organised by the People's Assembly Against Austerity in Cardiff, subsequently addressing a crowd of 250,000 at a People's Assembly march in London the following month. At the 2015 Glastonbury Festival she chaired a conversation with two members of Russian feminist punk band Pussy Riot. In August 2015 she performed the song "This Bitter Earth" outside the Shell Centre in London as part of a month-long protest organised by Greenpeace against Shell's pursuit of petroleum exploration in the Arctic.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In September 2015, she endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election, but by December 2016 she was calling for him to be replaced by a "fresh face" who was more electable. In 2016, Church along with numerous other celebrities, toured the UK to support Corbyn's bid to become Prime Minister, and in March 2016, performed at a socialist fundraising event in Edinburgh for Corbyn. In May 2016, she declared her support for the Welsh nationalist party, Plaid Cymru in the National Assembly for Wales election.


title: Charlotte Church

text: In January 2017, she took part in a protest in Cardiff about Donald Trump's inauguration as US president.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church's personal life and relationships have often been reported in UK tabloid newspapers, inspiring the song "Let's Be Alone" on her album "Tissues and Issues" (2005). At age 15 she was criticised for remarks attributed to her by the "New York Post" in which she allegedly criticised "the hero status afforded to New York firefighters" in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks. She apologised for the remarks one month later, as well as at the Leveson Inquiry in 2011, stating that her comments were taken out of context. In a 2006 interview with Davina McCall, she agreed being diplomatic was "not in her nature". In November 2011, Church testified before the Leveson Inquiry about the media intrusion into her personal life stating "I've been made a caricature for so long, and this person portrayed in the tabloids really isn't me. It's not the person I am, and it's had a massive impact on my career. As an artist, I find it hard to be taken seriously because my credibility has been blown to bits."


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2007, Church made another appearance on a British young people's rich list with her then-boyfriend, Welsh rugby player Gavin Henson. They were ranked 49th-richest young people in Britain with an estimated joint wealth of £12 million.


title: Charlotte Church

text: On 27 February 2012, Church accepted £600,000 in damages and costs in settlement of a lawsuit arising out of the News International phone hacking scandal. She had claimed that 33 stories about her that appeared in the "News of the World" were the product of illegal hacking into her family's voicemail. After the settlement was announced in open court she made a lengthy statement in which she said, "I have also discovered that despite the apology which the newspaper has just given in court, these people were prepared to go to any lengths to prevent me exposing their behaviour [...]. In my opinion, they are not truly sorry, only sorry they got caught."


title: Charlotte Church

text: The press devoted much attention to Church's relationship with her first boyfriend in 2002, model and musician Steve Johnson; her second boyfriend, Kyle Johnson (no relation), who was later jailed for possession of a large amount of heroin; and her third boyfriend Gavin Henson, who she started dating in 2005. At the end of 2005, Church bought a property in her native Cardiff—for a reported £500,000—which she later sold for £900,000. The couple then bought a manor with a 20-acre (8 hectare) small holding in the Vale of Glamorgan in the village of St Brides Major.


title: Charlotte Church

text: The couple had mentioned wanting to marry numerous times on talk shows and in the press; They got engaged in April 2010 six weeks after Henson had proposed to Church with a two-carat heart-shaped diamond ring in Cornwall.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church and Henson have two children. She gave birth to their daughter Ruby in September 2007, and to their son Dexter in January 2009.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church met musician, "Back to Scratch" collaborator, and former employee of James and Maria Church, at "The Robin Hood" pub in Canton, Cardiff, Jonathan Powell<ref name="walesonline/1906185"></ref> and began dating in late 2010. In June 2017, she suffered a miscarriage. On 4 October 2017, Church and Powell secretly married at a register office in Cardiff, before blessing their marriage with an intimate ceremony in front of family and friends under a tree at their home in Dinas Powys.


title: Charlotte Church

text: Church and Powell had their first child together, a daughter named Frida Simone, in August 2020. Church had originally planned to give birth under a tree in their garden. However, when the weather changed, they had to move indoors. Church explained, "I labored under there overnight, which was beautiful, but then I had her screaming on the bathroom floor. Mother Nature came and went, 'Sit down, silly lady.'...I live next to a golf course, and I could really hear the golfers. As my noise started to up, I thought, 'This is not going to work.'"


title: Charlotte Church

text: In 2021, Church bought "Rhydoldog House", a mansion in the Elan Valley, near Rhaeadr, Powys, Wales,<ref name="housebeautiful/a27330585"></ref><ref name="shropshirestar/singer-bought-ashley"></ref><ref name="thenational.wales/19812490"></ref> as seen on "Charlotte Church's Dream Build".


title: Ukraine national football team

text: The Ukraine national football team () represents Ukraine in men's international football and is governed by the Ukrainian Association of Football, the governing body for football in Ukraine. Ukraine's home ground is the Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kyiv. The team has been a full member of UEFA and FIFA since 1992.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: After Ukrainian Independence and the country's breakaway from the Soviet Union, they played their first match against Hungary on 29 April 1992. The team reached the quarter-finals in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, their debut in the finals of a major championship. Apart from Russia, Ukraine is the only post-Soviet state to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: As the host nation, Ukraine automatically qualified for UEFA Euro 2012. Four years later, Ukraine finished third in their qualifying group for Euro 2016 and advanced via the play-off route to reach a UEFA European Championship tournament through the qualifiers for the first time. This marked the first time in Ukraine's six play-off appearances that it managed to win such a tie, having lost previous play-off ties for the 1998 World Cup, Euro 2000, 2002 World Cup, 2010 World Cup, 2014 World Cup and 2022 World Cup.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Ukraine's best performance in the UEFA European Championship was in 2020, where they reached the quarter-finals for the first time.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: The national team was formed in the early 1990s and was recognized internationally soon afterwards. It is not widely known, however, that Ukraine previously had a national team in 1925–1935. Just like the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic had its own national team.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: The earliest record of games played by Ukraine can be traced back to August 1928. A championship among the national teams of the Soviet republics as well as the Moscow city team was planned to take place in Moscow; at the All-Soviet tournament, Ukraine reached the final where it lost to Moscow 1–0, after defeating Belarus and Transcaucasus.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: In 1929, Ukraine beat Lower Austria in an exhibition match in Kharkiv 4–1, and played in another Soviet tournament. Ukraine lost to Transcaucasus 3–0.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Prior to independence in 1991, Ukrainian players were represented by the Soviet Union national team. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russia took its place in the qualifying tournament for the 1994 World Cup. The national team of Ukraine did not manage to enter the tournament on account of it not yet being admitted to FIFA. Meanwhile, some of the best Ukrainian players of the beginning of the 1990s (including Andrei Kanchelskis, Viktor Onopko, Sergei Yuran, Yuriy Nikiforov, Ilya Tsymbalar and Oleg Salenko) chose to play for Russia, as it was named the official successor of the Soviet Union. At that time Vyacheslav Koloskov was the only top official from the former Soviet Union and later the Russia who served as a vice-president of UEFA in 1980–1996 and represented all of members of the Soviet Union and later the Commonwealth of Independent States.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: The Soviet Union's five-year UEFA coefficient, despite being earned in part by Ukrainian players (for example, in the final of the last successful event, Euro 1988, under the direction of Valery Lobanovsky, 7 out of the 11 starting players were Ukrainians), were transferred to the direct descendant of the Soviet national team – the Russia national team. As a result, a crisis was created for both the national team and the domestic league.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Another reason for the occurred harsh crisis in the Ukrainian football was lack of adequate funding of teams, due to the general economic crisis that has affected all of the CIS countries. There also was a reverse influx of players; Viktor Leonenko agreed on transfer from Dynamo Moscow to Dynamo Kyiv. The Russian club did not want to release him, but Leonenko did not want to continue to play in Moscow.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: In the following years, the Ukrainian team improved, showcasing talents like Andriy Shevchenko, , Serhiy Rebrov and Oleksandr Shovkovskyi.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Soon after being accepted to FIFA and UEFA as a full member in 1992, Ukraine selected its first manager by members of a coaching council which consisted of Anatoliy Puzach (manager of Dynamo Kyiv), Yevhen Kucherevskyi (FC Dnipro), Yevhen Lemeshko (Torpedo Zaporizhzhia), Yukhym Shkolnykov (Bukovyna Chernivtsi) and Viktor Prokopenko (Chornomorets Odesa). Later, they were joined by Valeriy Yaremchenko (Shakhtar Donetsk). The circle was narrowed to three specialists; Prokopenko eventually became the manager.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Ukraine played their first match on 29 April 1992 against Hungary in Uzhhorod at the Avanhard Stadium, losing 3–1 with the sole Ukrainian goal scored by Ivan Hetsko. With the creation of "fantom" (transitional) CIS team in place of the Soviet Union playing its own friendly against the England in Moscow in preparation to the UEFA Euro 1992, the Ukrainian team lost some notable players to the that team. Following couple of losses to Hungary and a tie to United States, Prokopenko resigned and the last season game that year for the national team was led by his assistants Mykola Pavlov and Leonid Tkachenko.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Ukraine appointed another head coach, Oleh Bazylevych, who made his debut with the national team in the spring of 1993 in Odessa during a friendly against Israel, a 1–1 draw. Less than a month later Ukraine finally won, in Vilnius in an away friendly against Lithuania. During the summer they lost 3–1 to Croatia; Ukraine was later seeded in Group 4 of the UEFA Euro 1996 qualification.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Ukraine was defeated by Israel in March 1994, and drew Bulgaria and the United Arab Emirates. On 7 September 1994, the national team started its first official qualification campaign with a surprising home loss 2–0 to Lithuania. Following the defeat and a weak performance in preceding friendlies Bazylevych was fired and on the tour to South Korea the team was led by the Bazylevych assistants Pavlov and Muntyan as a temporary replacement until Federation signs a contract with Valeriy Lobanovsky. on 24 September, the Football Federation of Ukraine appointed Yozhef Sabo as an acting manager until the end of the year after Lobanovsky signed a contract with Kuwait.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: With the new manager, their next home game against Slovenia ended goalless and they then beat Estonia 3–0 gaining their first win in official competitive game. At the beginning of the year Football Federation confirmed Anatoliy Konkov as the new head coach on 5 January 1995.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: With Konkov the team started with away losses 4–0 to Croatia and 3–0 to Italy. After that there was a three-games winning streak including a home victory against Croatia and theoretical hopes which were abruptly cut after loss to Slovenia and the team finished at the fourth place in its first qualification campaign behind Lithuania.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Following expiration of a year-long contract with Konkov, in 1996 the Federation appointed Sabo as a head coach and received a preliminary agreement that Lobanovsky will become available following his contract with Kuwait.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: Ukraine participated in 1998 World Cup qualification, where the team was drawn into Group 9. Ukraine took second place, only behind Germany and ahead of Portugal but was defeated in a play-off stage 3–1 on aggregate by Croatia. The qualification campaign became notable as a beginning of international career for Shevchenko as well as more play time for some other players such as Oleksandr Shovkovsky and Serhiy Rebrov.


title: Ukraine national football team

text: In UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying, Ukraine, assigned in Group 4, finished above Russia, thanks to an important draw in Moscow and a home victory, but still only qualified for the playoff behind the French side despite being undefeated. Ukraine then fell to Slovenia 3–2 on aggregate. Following the qualification campaign, the Federation finally signed a contract with Valery Lobanovsky, ending the Sabo's tenure as a head coach.