title: Delicatessen

text: In South Australia and Western Australia, "deli" also denotes a small convenience store or milk bar, and some businesses use "deli" as part of their business name. Traditional delicatessens also exist in these states, with "continental delicatessen" sometimes used to indicate the European version.


title: Delicatessen

text: In Canada, both meanings of "delicatessen" are used. Customers of European origin often use the term in a manner consistent with its original German meaning, but as in the United States, a deli can be a combined grocery store and restaurant.


title: Delicatessen

text: In Europe "delicatessen" means high-quality, expensive foods, and stores. In German-speaking countries a common synonym is (fine food), and shops that sell it are called (delicacy stores). Department stores often have a (delicacy department). European delicatessens include Fauchon in Paris, Dallmayr in Munich, Julius Meinl am Graben in Vienna, Harrods and Fortnum & Mason in London, Peck in Milan, and Jelmoli in Zürich.


title: Delicatessen

text: Although U.S.-style delicatessens are also found in Europe, they appeal to the luxury market. In Russia, shops and supermarket sections approximating U.S.-style delis are called and offer salads and main courses. Delicate meats and cheeses, cold-cut and sliced hot, are sold in a separate section. The Eliseevsky food store in central Moscow, with its "fin de siècle" decor, is similar to a European delicatessen. From the Tsarist era, it was preserved by the Soviets as an outlet for difficult-to-obtain Russian delicacies. Delicatessens may also provide foods from other countries and cultures that are not readily available in local food stores. In Italy, the deli can be called , , and more recently . In France it is known as a or .


title: Delicatessen

text: In Ireland, delis serve pre-prepared "food to go". This trend began in the 1990s and led to the emergence of many ready-to-eat deli products. Delis can be found at a wide variety of convenience shops, newsagents, supermarkets, petrol stations, and casual eateries throughout Ireland.


title: Delicatessen

text: Popular items served at hot deli counters include chicken fillet rolls (breaded chicken fillet on a bread roll), breakfast rolls (Irish breakfast items on a bread roll), jambons, sausage rolls, and potato wedges.


title: Delicatessen

text: In the United States, a delicatessen (or deli) is often a combined grocery store and restaurant, although the term may also be used for a strictly take-out or sit-down restaurant. Delis offer a broader, fresher menu than fast-food chains, rarely employing fryers (except for chicken) and routinely preparing sandwiches to order.


title: Delicatessen

text: American delis sell cold cuts by weight. In addition to made-to-order sandwiches, many American delicatessens offer made-to-order green salads. Prepared pasta, potato, chicken, and tuna salads, or other salads are sometimes displayed under the counter and sold by weight. Precooked chicken, shrimp, or eggplant dishes may also be sold. Delicatessens offer a variety of beverages, such as pre-packaged soft drinks, coffee, tea, and milk. Potato chips and similar products, newspapers, and small items such as candy and mints are also usually available.


title: Delicatessen

text: Delicatessens from a number of cultures can be found in the United States, including Italian, Greek, and Jewish, both kosher and "kosher style". The American equivalent of a European delicatessen may be known as a gourmet food store.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945), also known as Bosie Douglas, was an English poet and journalist, and a lover of Oscar Wilde. At Oxford he edited an undergraduate journal, "The Spirit Lamp", that carried a homoerotic subtext, and met Wilde, starting a close but stormy relationship. Douglas's father, the Marquess of Queensberry, abhorred it and set out to humiliate Wilde, publicly accusing him of homosexuality. Wilde sued him for criminal libel, but some intimate notes were found and Wilde was later imprisoned. On his release, he briefly lived with Douglas in Naples, but they had separated by the time Wilde died in 1900. Douglas married a poet, Olive Custance, in 1902 and had a son, Raymond.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: On converting to Roman Catholicism in 1911, he repudiated homosexuality, and in a High-Catholic magazine, "Plain English", expressed openly anti-Semitic views, but rejected the policies of Nazi Germany. He was jailed for libelling Winston Churchill over claims of World War I misconduct. Douglas wrote several books of verse, some in a homoerotic Uranian genre. The phrase "The love that dare not speak its name" appears in one, (), though it is widely misattributed to Wilde.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas was born at Ham Hill House in Powick, Worcestershire, the third son of John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry and his first wife, Sibyl Montgomery.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: He was his mother's favourite child; she called him Bosie (a derivative of "boysie", as in boy), a nickname which stuck for the rest of his life. His mother successfully sued for divorce in 1887 on the grounds of his father's adultery. The Marquess later married Ethel Weeden in 1893 but the marriage was annulled the following year.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas was educated at Wixenford School, Winchester College (1884–88) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1889–93), which he left without obtaining a degree. At Oxford, he edited an undergraduate journal, "The Spirit Lamp" (1892–3), an activity that intensified the constant conflict between him and his father. Their relationship had always been a strained one and, during the Queensberry-Wilde feud, Douglas sided with Wilde, even encouraging Wilde to prosecute the Marquess for libel. In 1893, Douglas had a brief affair with George Ives.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1858 his grandfather, Archibald Douglas, 8th Marquess of Queensberry, had died in what was reported as a shooting accident, but was widely believed to have been suicide. In 1862, his widowed grandmother, Lady Queensberry, converted to Roman Catholicism and took her children to live in Paris. One of his uncles, Lord James Douglas, was deeply attached to his twin sister "Florrie" (Lady Florence Douglas) and was heartbroken when she married a baronet, Sir Alexander Beaumont Churchill Dixie. In 1885, Lord James tried to abduct a young girl, and after that became ever more manic; in 1888, he made a disastrous marriage. Separated from Florrie, James drank himself into a deep depression, and in 1891 committed suicide by cutting his throat. Another of his uncles, Lord Francis Douglas (1847–1865) had died in a climbing accident on the Matterhorn. His uncle Lord Archibald Edward Douglas (1850–1938) became a clergyman. Alfred Douglas's aunt, Lord James's twin Lady Florence Dixie (1855–1905), was an author, war correspondent for the "Morning Post" during the First Boer War, and a feminist. In 1890, she published a novel, "Gloriana, or the Revolution of 1900", in which women's suffrage is achieved after a woman posing as a man named Hector D'Estrange is elected to the House of Commons. The character D'Estrange is clearly based on Oscar Wilde.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1891, Douglas's cousin Lionel Johnson introduced him to Oscar Wilde; they soon began an affair. In 1894, the Robert Hichens novel "The Green Carnation" was published, a "roman à clef" depicting satirically Douglas's dependent relationship on Wilde.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas has been described as spoiled, reckless, insolent and extravagant. He would spend money on boys and gambling and expected Wilde to contribute to funding his tastes. They often argued and broke up, but would always be reconciled.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas had praised Wilde's play "Salome" in the Oxford magazine "The Spirit Lamp", of which he was editor (and used as a covert means of gaining acceptance for homosexuality). Wilde had originally written "Salomé" in French, and in 1893 he commissioned Douglas to translate it into English. Douglas's French was very poor and his translation was highly criticised; for example, a passage that runs ""On ne doit regarder que dans les miroirs"" ("One should look only in mirrors") he rendered "One must not look at mirrors". Douglas was angered at Wilde's criticism, and claimed that the errors were in fact in Wilde's original play. This led to a hiatus in the relationship and a row between both of them, with angry messages being exchanged and even the involvement of the publisher John Lane and the illustrator Aubrey Beardsley when they themselves objected to the poor standard of Douglas's work. Beardsley complained to Robbie Ross: "For one week the numbers of telegraph and messenger boys who came to the door was simply scandalous". Wilde redid much of the translation himself, but in a gesture of reconciliation suggested that Douglas be dedicated as the translator rather than credited, along with him, on the title page. Accepting this, Douglas, vainly, likened a dedication to sharing the title page as "the difference between a tribute of admiration from an artist and a receipt from a tradesman".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1894, Douglas came and visited Oscar Wilde in Worthing, to the consternation of the latter's wife Constance.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: On another occasion, while staying with Wilde in Brighton, Douglas fell ill with influenza and was nursed by Wilde, but failed to return the favour when Wilde himself fell ill having caught influenza in consequence. Instead Douglas moved to the luxurious Grand Hotel and on Wilde's 40th birthday sent him a letter informing him that he had charged Wilde with the hotel bill. Douglas also gave his old clothes to male prostitutes, but failed to remove from the pockets incriminating letters exchanged between him and Wilde, which were then used for blackmail.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Alfred's father, the Marquess of Queensberry, suspected the liaison to be more than a friendship. He sent his son a letter, attacking him for leaving Oxford without a degree and failing to take up a proper career. He threatened to "disown [Alfred] and stop all money supplies." Alfred responded with a telegram rudely stating: "What a funny little man you are."


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Queensberry's next letter threatened his son with a "thrashing" and accused him of being "crazy". He also threatened to "make a public scandal in a way you little dream of" if he continued his relationship with Wilde.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Queensberry was well known for his short temper and threatening to beat people with a horsewhip. Alfred sent his father a postcard stating "I detest you" and making it clear that he would take Wilde's side in a fight between him and the Marquess, "with a loaded revolver".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In answer Queensberry wrote to Alfred (whom he addressed as "You miserable creature") that he had divorced Alfred's mother so as not to "run the risk of bringing more creatures into the world like yourself" and that when Alfred was a baby, "I cried over you the bitterest tears a man ever shed, that I had brought such a creature into the world, and unwittingly committed such a crime... You must be demented."


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas's eldest brother Francis Viscount Drumlanrig died in a suspicious hunting accident in October 1894, as rumours circulated that he had been having a homosexual relationship with the Prime Minister, Lord Rosebery, and that the cause of death was suicide. The Marquess of Queensberry thus embarked on a campaign to save his other son and began a public persecution of Wilde. Wilde had been openly flamboyant and his actions made the public suspicious even before the trial. The Marquess and a bodyguard confronted the playwright in his own home; later, Queensberry planned to throw rotten vegetables at Wilde on the first night of "The Importance of Being Earnest", but forewarned of this, Wilde was able to deny him access to the theatre.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Queensberry then publicly insulted Wilde by leaving at the latter's club a visiting card on which he had written, "For Oscar Wilde posing as a somdomite ". The wording is in dispute – the handwriting is unclear – although Hyde reports it as this. According to Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, it is more likely "Posing somdomite", while Queensberry himself claimed it to be "Posing as somdomite". Holland suggests that this wording ("posing [as] ...") would have been easier to defend in court.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In response to the card and with Douglas's avid support, but against the advice of friends such as Robbie Ross, Frank Harris and George Bernard Shaw, Wilde had Queensberry arrested and charged with criminal libel in a private prosecution, as sodomy was then a criminal offence. According to the libel laws of the time, since his authorship of the charge of sodomy was not in question, Queensberry could avoid conviction by demonstrating in court not only that the charge he had made was factually true, but that there was also some public interest in having made the charge public. Edward Carson, Queensberry's lawyer, accordingly portrayed Wilde as a vicious older man who habitually preyed upon naive young boys and with extravagant gifts and promises of a glamorous lifestyle seduced them into a life of homosexuality. Several highly suggestive erotic letters that Wilde had written to Douglas were introduced as evidence; Wilde claimed they were works of art. Wilde was questioned closely on the homoerotic themes in "The Picture of Dorian Gray" and "The Chameleon", a single-issue magazine published by Douglas to which Wilde had contributed "Phrases and Philosophies for Use of the Young".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Queensberry's attorney announced in court that he had located several male prostitutes who were to testify that they had had sex with Wilde. Wilde's lawyers advised him that this would make a conviction on the libel charge very unlikely; he then dropped the libel charge, on his lawyers' advice, to avoid further pointless scandal. Without a conviction, the libel law of the time left Wilde liable to pay Queensberry's considerable legal costs, leaving him bankrupt.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Based on the evidence raised during the case, Wilde was arrested the next day and charged with committing criminal sodomy and "gross indecency", a crime capable of being committed only by two men, which might include sexual acts other than sodomy.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas's September 1892 poem "" (published in the Oxford magazine "The Chameleon" in December 1894) was used against Wilde at the latter's trial. It ends with the famous line that calls homosexuality "the love that dare not speak its name", which is often attributed wrongly to Wilde. Wilde gave an eloquent but counter-productive explanation of the nature of this love on the witness stand. The trial resulted in a hung jury.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1895, when Wilde was released on bail during his trials, Douglas's cousin Sholto Johnstone Douglas stood surety for £500 of the bail money. The prosecutor opted to retry the case. Wilde was convicted on 25 May 1895 and sentenced to two years' hard labour, first at Pentonville, then Wandsworth, then famously in Reading Gaol. Douglas was forced into exile in Europe.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: While in prison, Wilde wrote Douglas a long and critical letter entitled "De Profundis", describing exactly how he felt about him. Wilde was not permitted to send it, but it may or may not have been sent to him after Wilde's release: it was given to Robbie Ross with instructions to make a copy and send the original to Lord Alfred Douglas. Lord Alfred Douglas later said that he received only a letter from Ross with a few choice quotations and didn't know there was a letter until reference was made to it in a biography of Wilde's on which Ross had consulted. After Wilde's release on 19 May 1897, the two reunited in August at Rouen, but stayed together only a few months due to personal differences and various pressures on them.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: The meeting in Rouen was disapproved of by the friends and families of both men. During the later part of 1897, Wilde and Douglas lived together in Naples, but they separated due to financial pressures and for other personal reasons. Wilde spent the rest of his life mainly in Paris; Douglas returned to Britain in late 1898.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: The cohabitation period in Naples later became controversial. Wilde claimed Douglas had offered a home, but had no funds or ideas. When Douglas eventually gained funds from his late father's estate, he refused to grant Wilde a permanent allowance, although he gave him occasional sums. Wilde was still bankrupt when he died in 1900. Douglas served as chief mourner, but there was reportedly a graveside altercation between him and Robbie Ross that developed into a feud and foreshadowed the later litigation between the two former lovers of Wilde.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: After Wilde's death, Douglas made a close friendship with Olive Custance, a bisexual heiress and poet. They married on 4 March 1902. Olive Custance was in a relationship with the writer Natalie Barney when she and Douglas first met. Barney and Douglas eventually became close friends and Barney was named godmother to their son, Raymond Wilfred Sholto Douglas, born on 17 November 1902.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: The marriage grew stormy after Douglas became a Roman Catholic in 1911. They separated in 1913, lived together for a time in the 1920s after Custance also converted, and then lived apart after she gave up her Catholicism. The health of their only child further strained the marriage, which by the end of the 1920s was all but over, although they never divorced.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1911, Douglas embraced Roman Catholicism as Wilde had done earlier. More than a decade after Wilde's death, with the release of suppressed portions of Wilde's "De Profundis" letter in 1912, Douglas turned against his former friend, whose homosexuality he grew to condemn. He was a defence witness in the libel case brought by Maud Allan against Noel Pemberton Billing in 1918. Billing had accused Allan, who was performing Wilde's play "Salome", of being part of a deliberate homosexual conspiracy to undermine the war effort.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas also contributed to Billing's journal "Vigilante" as part of his campaign against Robbie Ross. He had written a poem calling Margot Asquith one "bound with Lesbian fillets", while her husband Prime Minister Herbert gave Ross money. During the trial he called Wilde as "the greatest force for evil that has appeared in Europe during the last three hundred and fifty years", adding that he intensely regretted having met Wilde and helped him with the French translation of "Salome", which he called "a most pernicious and abominable piece of work".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1920 Douglas founded a right-wing, Catholic, and deeply anti-Semitic weekly magazine called "Plain English", on which he collaborated with Harold Sherwood Spencer and initially Thomas William Hodgson Crosland. It claimed to succeed "The Academy", to which Douglas had been a contributing editor. "Plain English" ran until the end of 1922. Douglas later admitted that its policy was "strongly anti-Semitic".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: From August 1920 (issue No 8) "Plain English" began publishing a long series of articles called "The Jewish Peril" by Major-General Count Cherep-Spiridovitch, whose title was taken from the fore-title of George Shanks's version of a fraudulent work, "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion". "Plain English" advertised from issue 20 The Britons' second edition of Shank's version of the "Protocols". Douglas challenged the "Jewish Guardian", published by the League of British Jews, to take him to court, suggesting they refrained from doing so because they were "well aware of the absolute truth of the allegations which we have made." The magazine suggested in 1921, "We need a Ku Klux Klan in this country," but a promotion for "Ostara" magazine was generally not well received by readers.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Other regular targets of the magazine included David Lloyd George, Alfred Viscount Northcliffe, H. G. Wells, Frank Harris, and Sinn Féin. In December 1920 the magazine was the first to publish the secret constitution of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: From 25 December 1920 it began publishing notorious articles alleging that a "powerful individual in the Admiralty" had alerted the Germans at the Battle of Jutland that the British had broken their code, and that Winston Churchill had falsified a report in return for a large sum of money from Ernest Cassel, who thereby profited. In May 1921 Douglas insinuated that Herbert Earl Kitchener had been murdered by Jews.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas ceased to be editor after issue 67 in 1921, after a row with Spencer. He then produced a short-lived, almost identical rival called "Plain Speech" in 1921 with Herbert Moore Pim. Its first issue contained a letter from a correspondent in Germany praising "Herr Hittler" (so spelt) and "The German White Labour Party".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1920 he adhered to the idea of "the Jewish Peril", but noted, "Christian Charity forbids us to join in wholesale and indiscriminate abuse and vilification of an entire race." In 1921 he declared it was not acceptable to "shift responsibility" onto the Jews. In his 1929 "Autobiography" he wrote, "I feel now that it is ridiculous to make accusations against the Jews, attributing them qualities and methods which are really much more typically English than Jewish," and then indicated the country had only itself to blame if the Jews came in and trampled on it.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: The historian Colin Holmes argued that while "Douglas had been to the forefront of anti-semitism in the early 1920s, he was quite unable to come to terms with the vicious racist anti-semitism in Germany" under the Nazis. Politically Douglas described himself as "a strong Conservative of the 'Diehard' variety".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas started his "litigious and libellous career" by gaining an apology and 50 guineas each from the Oxford and Cambridge university magazines "Isis" and "Cambridge" for defamatory references to him in an article on Wilde.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas was plaintiff or defendant in several trials for civil or criminal libel. In 1913 he was charged with libelling his father-in-law. That same year he accused Arthur Ransome of libelling him in his book "Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study". He saw the trial as a weapon against his enemy Ross, not understanding that Ross would not be called to give evidence. The court found in Ransome's favour and Douglas was bankrupted by the failed libel suit. Ransome removed the offending passages from the second edition.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: The prime case was brought by the Crown on Winston Churchill's behalf in 1923. Douglas was found guilty of libelling Churchill and sentenced to six months in prison. Churchill had been accused as cabinet minister of falsifying an official report on the Battle of Jutland in 1916, when although suffering losses, the Royal Navy drove the German battle fleet off the high seas. Churchill was said to have reported that the British Navy had in fact been defeated, the supposed motive being that when the news was flashed, British security prices would tumble on the world's stock exchanges, allowing a group of named Jewish financiers to snap them up cheaply. Churchill's reward was a houseful of furniture valued at £40,000. The allegations were made by Douglas in "Plain English" and later at a public meeting in London. A false report of a crushing British naval defeat had indeed been planted in the New York press by German interests, but by this time (after the failure of his Dardanelles Campaign) Churchill was unconnected with the Admiralty. As the attorney general noted in court on Churchill's behalf, there was "no plot, no phoney communiqué, no stock market raid and no present of fine furniture".


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In 1924, while in prison, Douglas echoed Wilde's composition of "De Profundis" (From the Depths) during his incarceration and wrote his last major poetic work, "In Excelsis" (In the Highest) in 17 cantos. Since the prison authorities would not allow Douglas to take the manuscript with him on his release, he had to rewrite the work from memory. Douglas maintained that his health never recovered from his harsh prison ordeal, which included sleeping on a plank bed without a mattress.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas's feelings towards Wilde began to soften after Douglas's own incarceration in 1924. He wrote in "Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up", "Sometimes a sin is also a crime (for example, a murder or theft), but this is not the case with homosexuality, any more than with adultery." In 1933 he gave a talk about poetry to the Catholic Poetry Society on 'The Catholic attitude to certain poets.' Of Wilde, Douglas said: 'Many years [after Wilde's death] and after I had become a Catholic, I reacted violently against him...Converts are very apt to be censorious and to be more Catholic than Catholics...I hope I am now more charitable and broad-minded than I was...After swinging to two extremes in my estimate of Wilde I have now got into what I believe to be the happy mean.' Similarly, in 1935 he wrote to the theater manager Norman Marshall regarding Marshall's proposed production of a play about the Wilde scandal, closing his letter, 'Devoted as I still am and always will be to the memory of this brilliant and wonderful man and conscious as I am and always shall be about my own failings...Wilde was the author of what I consider to be, apart from Shakespeare, the finest comedy in the English language.'


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Throughout the 1930s and up to his death, Douglas kept up correspondence with many people, including Marie Stopes and George Bernard Shaw. Anthony Wynn based his play "Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship" on the letters between Shaw and Douglas. One of Douglas's final public appearances was a well-received lecture to the Royal Society of Literature on 2 September 1943 on "The Principles of Poetry", published in an edition of 1,000 copies. He attacked the poetry of T. S. Eliot; the talk was praised by Arthur Quiller-Couch and Augustus John.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In the book, Secret Historian, Samuel Steward (a professor, poet, and novelist) wrote in his diary that he met Lord Douglas when Douglas was 67 – Steward was 27. Lord Douglas professed that he was beyond "sins of the flesh," yet ends up in bed with Steward. Douglas professes that Wilde and he did little more than kiss and find other men for each other.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas's only child Raymond was diagnosed at the age of 24 with schizoaffective disorder in 1927 and entered St Andrew's Hospital, a mental institution. Though decertified and discharged after five years, he suffered another breakdown and returned to the hospital. In February 1944, when his mother died of a cerebral haemorrhage at the age of 70, Raymond was able to attend her funeral and in June he was again decertified. His conduct rapidly deteriorated and he returned to St Andrew's in November, where he stayed until his death on 10 October 1964.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas died of congestive heart failure in Lancing, West Sussex, on 20 March 1945 at the age of 74. He was buried on 23 March at the Franciscan Friary, Crawley, alongside his mother, who had died on 31 October 1935 at the age of 90. They share a gravestone.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: The elderly Douglas, living a reduced life in Hove in the 1940s, appears in the diaries of Henry Channon and in the first autobiography of Donald Sinden, whose son Marc Sinden claimed his father was one of only two people at the funeral. In fact the funeral report in "The Times" named some 20 mourners, including Sinden, with "other friends". He died at the home of Edward and Sheila Colman, who were the main beneficiaries in his will, inheriting the copyright to his work. Sheila Colman endowed a memorial prize at Oxford in Douglas's name for the best Petrarchan sonnet.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas published several volumes of poetry and two books about his relationship with Wilde, "Oscar Wilde and Myself" (1914, largely ghost-written by T. W. H. Crosland, assistant editor of "The Academy" and later repudiated by Douglas) and "Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up" (1940). He also wrote two memoirs: "The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas" (1929) and "Without Apology" (1938).


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Douglas edited a literary journal, "The Academy", from 1907 to 1910, during which time he had an affair with the artist Romaine Brooks, who was also bisexual. The main love of her life, Natalie Clifford Barney, also had an affair with Wilde's niece Dorothy and even, in 1901, with Douglas's future wife Olive Custance, the year before the couple married.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: Of the six biographies of Douglas, the earlier ones by Braybrooke and Freeman were forbidden to quote from his copyright work, while "De Profundis" was unpublished. Later biographies were by Rupert Croft-Cooke, H. Montgomery Hyde (who also wrote about Wilde), Douglas Murray (who called Braybrooke's biography "a rehash and exaggeration of Douglas's book" [his autobiography]). The most recent is "Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Finest Work" by Caspar Wintermans in 2007.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In the films "Oscar Wilde" and "The Trials of Oscar Wilde", both released in 1960, Douglas was portrayed by John Neville and John Fraser respectively. In the 1997 British film "Wilde", Douglas was portrayed by Jude Law. In the 2018 film "The Happy Prince", he was portrayed by Colin Morgan.


title: Lord Alfred Douglas

text: In the BBC drama "Oscar" (1985) he was portrayed by Robin Lermitte (credited as Robin McCallum); Michael Gambon played Wilde.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Transparent is an American comedy-drama streaming television series created by Joey Soloway for Amazon Studios that debuted on February 6, 2014. The story revolves around a Los Angeles family, the Pfeffermans, and their lives after learning that their parent (Jeffrey Tambor) is a trans woman named Maura. "Transparent" tells the story of Maura's coming out, as well as her family's personal journeys in discovering their own identities and coming to terms with Maura's identity. "Transparent" moves away from a solely transition-centred narrative and represents Maura's story in her role as a trans parent, grandparent, professor, partner, ex-spouse, sibling, and as an older person transitioning. "Transparent" also holds space for other queer representation in the Pfefferman family. Sarah (Amy Landecker) explores her sexuality and works through relationship dilemmas throughout season one while Ali (Gaby Hoffmann) explores their gender and sexuality. "Transparent"s first season premiered in full on September 26, 2014, and its second season on December 11, 2015, third season on September 23, 2016, and fourth season on September 21, 2017.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Amazon picked up the series for a fourth season ahead of the premiere of the third. The fourth season premiered on September 22, 2017. Shortly before the premiere, Amazon renewed the series for a fifth and final season, which ultimately took the form of a feature-length finale with the subtitle "Musicale Finale", which was released on September 27, 2019.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, the show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy, while Jeffrey Tambor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. This is the first show produced by Amazon Studios to win a major award and the first show produced by a streaming media service to win a Golden Globe for Best Series.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: In November 2017, Tambor was accused of sexual harassment on the set. On November 19, 2017, Tambor stated, "I don't see how I can return to "Transparent"" after a second sexual harassment allegation was made against him. He was officially fired from "Transparent" a few months later, on February 15, 2018.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The show had faced earlier criticism regarding the initial casting of Tambor, a cisgender, heterosexual man, in the role of a trans woman.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The "Transparent: Musicale Finale" addressed the death of Tambor's character, Maura, and examined the lives of the Pfefferman family life through the lens of Maura's former spouse, Shelly (Judith Light), and through music. The "Finale," featuring music and lyrics by Faith Soloway, was developed through a series of concerts at Joe's Pub and, in addition to the regular and recurring cast, featured performers Shakina Nayfack, Lesli Margherita, Erik Liberman, and Jo Lampert.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Soloway felt inspired to create "Transparent" after their parent came out as trans. They created the pilot for Amazon.com, which became available for free streaming and download on February 6, 2014 as part of Amazon's second pilot season. Amazon Studios picked up the pilot for "Transparent" in March, 2014, ordering a ten-episode season.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Tambor had previously portrayed transvestite judge Alan Wachtel on the police procedural television show "Hill Street Blues" in the 1980s. Soloway wrote Hoffmann's role after seeing her performance on Season 3 of Louis C.K.'s show "Louie."


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: "Transparent" premiered all ten episodes simultaneously in late September 2014. In Canada, where Amazon's video streaming service was not available, the series premiered on the Shomi platform on January 23, 2015.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The series depicts several Jewish characters and deals with spiritually and culturally Jewish themes. Joey Soloway, the series' primary creator, is Jewish and consulted Rabbi Susan Goldberg of Wilshire Boulevard Temple. They also sought advice from Rabbi Amichai Lau-Lavie of New York, describing him as "a God-optional patriarchy-toppling Jewish modern mind. There's a mandate among religious and spiritual thinkers to be thinking about the binary, the gendered, the feminist, the goddess, and Amichai reminds me of that every day."


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Soloway said that they hoped to use the series to explore ideas of gender identity through a "wounded parent being replaced by a blossoming femininity" and that they pictured Tambor as Maura when writing the character.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Soloway, the writers, and the cast developed, workshopped, and rehearsed both seasons with consulting producer Joan Scheckel at Joan Scheckel Filmmaking Labs.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: As part of the making of the show, Soloway enacted a "transfirmative action program", whereby trans applicants were hired in preference to cis ones. Over eighty trans people worked on the show, including Zackary Drucker and Rhys Ernst, trans consultants and co-producers. However, the main character Maura was played by the cis male actor Tambor. Soloway said the casting of a cis male in this type of role is unacceptable and they would not make the same casting decision again because of how trans women would feel about watching a cis male portrayal.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: In 2014, Our Lady J was chosen as the first openly trans person to be a writer for the show. All the bathrooms on set were gender-neutral.<ref name="Vulture-Girls/Trans-2014"></ref>


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The original pilot made available in February 2014 (with Gillian Vigman in the role of Tammy) was partly reshot after the series was approved.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season held an approval rating of 98% based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 8.8/10. The site's consensus read: "As much about a change in television as it is about personal change, "Transparent" raises the bar for programming with sophistication and sincere dedication to the human journey, warts and all." On Metacritic, the first season received an average rating of 92 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: Alan Sepinwall from HitFix named "Transparent" the best new show of the Fall 2014 season and Amazon's "most impressive volley yet". He added:"... [The] show looks gorgeous and displays an instant command of both tone and this particular pocket of life in Los Angeles; Soloway is incredibly confident in introducing us to the parts of the show that are more universally relatable (a marriage gone sour, a disappointing child), knowing that we'll then follow her into more unfamiliar territory—not just with Maura, but the many disreputable behaviors her kids get tangled up in."


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The second season held a 98% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 42 reviews, with an average rating of 9.2/10. The site's critical consensus read: ""Transparent"s second season ups its dramatic stakes while retaining the poignancy and humor that have made the series such a consistently entertaining example of the best that modern serial drama has to offer." On Metacritic, the second season received an average rating of 94 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The third season held a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 38 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The site's critical consensus read, "Uniquely its own, and compelling and poignant as ever, "Transparent" continues to transcend the parameters of comedic and dramatic television with sustained excellence in its empathetic portrayal of the Pfefferman family." while Metacritic granted the season an average rating of 90 of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: The fourth season held a 91% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus read, "Transparent's fourth season forsakes tight narrative discipline for an absorbingly unwieldy continued exploration of the show's uniquely ambitious themes." while Metacritic granted the season an average rating of 74 of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: "Transparent: Musicale Finale" held a 68% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's critical consensus read, "Though it won't be for everyone, "Transparent"'s singular musical finale grants its audience closure while giving its groundbreaking characters something they never expected: something resembling a happy ending" while Metacritic granted the finale an average rating of 55 of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: In Australia, the first two episodes of the series premiered on the Nine Network on January 27, 2015, and all subsequent episodes premiered on streaming service Stan upon its launch.


title: Transparent (TV series)

text: On December 11, 2014, the series was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category Best TV Comedy. On January 11, 2015, "Transparent" won two Golden Globe awards for the first season of the series. Tambor dedicated his win for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series to the trans community, while Soloway dedicated their award to the memory of Leelah Alcorn.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: Boaty McBoatface (also known as Boaty) is the British lead boat in a fleet of three robotic lithium battery–powered autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) of the Autosub Long Range (ALR) class. Launched in 2017 and carried on board the polar scientific research vessel RRS "Sir David Attenborough", she is a focal point of the Polar Explorer Programme of the UK Government.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: "Boaty" and her two fleet-mates are part of the UK National Marine Equipment Pool and owned by the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton. She is classified as an "autosub long range (ALR) autonomous underwater vehicle", and will use her onboard sensors to map the movement of deep waters that play a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: The name "Boaty McBoatface" was originally proposed in a March 2016 #NameOurShip online poll to name the £200 million polar scientific research ship being constructed in the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead for the United Kingdom's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). BBC Radio Jersey presenter James Hand coined the humorous suggestion "Boaty McBoatface" for the poll, and the name quickly became the most popular choice, with 124,109 votes. The name was described as a homage to Hooty McOwlface, an owl named through an "Adopt-a-Bird" programme in 2012 that became popular on the Internet.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: Although "Boaty McBoatface " was the most popular suggestion in the #NameOurShip poll (with more than ten times the number of votes of Sir David Attenborough), the suggestion to use the name for the mothership was not followed. In October 2016, Jo Johnson, Minister for Universities and Science, announced that the ship would be named "Sir David Attenborough", after the eminent English zoologist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough, who came fifth in the poll. The name "Boaty McBoatface" was assigned to one of the submersibles deployed aboard the RRS "Sir David Attenborough" instead. Describing it as an "eloquent compromise", Duncan Wingham told the Commons Science and Technology Committee, "The controversy over the naming of a new polar research vessel was an 'astoundingly good outcome for public interest in science, and "the row had 'put a smile' on people's faces" after attracting huge public interest.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: Observers of contemporary culture coined the term "McBoatfacing", defined as "making the critical mistake of letting the internet decide things". In one such observation, Jennifer Finney Boylan of "The New York Times" wrote that to be "McBoatfaced" was to allow people to "deliberately make their choices not in order to foster the greatest societal good, but, instead, to mess with you". The results of the poll inspired numerous similar spoofs in other naming polls.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: Her maiden voyage proper started on , with the Dynamics of the Orkney Passage Outflow (DynOPO) expedition onboard research ship RRS "James Clark Ross" of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), to research how Antarctic Bottom Water leaves the Weddell Sea and enters the Southern Ocean through a deep region known as the Orkney Passage, south of Chile. During this DynOPO expedition, which was part of a primary project with the University of Southampton, the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), and the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), along with additional support from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and Princeton University, she traveled at depths of up to , and collected data on water temperature, salinity, and turbulence. Combined with measurements collected by RRS "James Clark Ross", the data suggest that as winds over the Southern Ocean have strengthened, driven by the hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica, and increases in greenhouse gases, they have increased the turbulence of deep ocean waters, leading to increased mixing of cold and warm water. According to National Oceanography Centre oceanographer Dr Eleanor Frajka-Williams, "This was the unique new process that rapidly exchanges water between the cold and the warm and then spreads the effect of the different water properties over a larger area", more efficiently than the better-known processes that mix warm surface waters with cold water from the deep sea. This action rapidly warms the cold water, which contributes to rising sea levels, as water becomes less dense as it warms. This newly discovered action has not yet been included in models for predicting sea level rise and the effect of climate change on the ocean. The results were published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences".


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: A subsequent voyage for "Boaty" in 2017 was in the North Sea. Fitted with new chemical and acoustic sensors, these will enable "Boaty" to seek, or 'sniff out' traces indicating the artificial release of gas from beneath the seabed. This will be part of a world first 'real world' controlled experiment in deep-water, in order to simulate any potential release of gas that may be indicative of leakage from a carbon capture and storage reservoir; and will be led by the NOC.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: Following on from her North Sea exploits, "Boaty" will head north in a major technical challenge, and attempt the first ever under-ice crossing of the Arctic Ocean.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: Starting March 2017, "Boaty" will also provide a package of online educational resources, primarily for teachers in low-attaining primary and secondary schools, as an aid to improving learning in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects for pupils. This material from "Boaty" will also be made available to the general public.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: During January and February 2018, "Boaty" completed her first mission under-ice. She was deployed in the southern section of the Weddell Sea, spending a total of 51 hours under the Antarctic ice. Part of the Filchner Ice Shelf System Project, she travelled a total of and reached water depths of during the mission. "Boaty" spent 20 hours underneath a thick section of ice shelf.


title: Boaty McBoatface

text: On 3 November 2020, "Boaty" headed for the open seas to start trials before a scheduled trip to Antarctica in 2021 for climate change research.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: Maryada Ramanna is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language action comedy drama film co-written and directed by S. S. Rajamouli. The film is produced by Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni under Arka Media Works. The film stars Sunil, Saloni and Nagineedu. It has music composed by M. M. Keeravani with cinematography and editing performed by Ram Prasad and Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao respectively.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: When Rajamouli watched Buster Keaton's 1923 silent comedy film "Our Hospitality", he liked it immensely and wanted to re-tell the same story in his own way. He tried to contact the original creators but found out that the original writers of the film were long dead and that the film's copyright had expired as it had been over 75 years since the film's release. S. S. Kanchi and Rajamouli had adapted that story with a Rayalaseema backdrop focusing on the factional violence and hospitality that co-existed in the region.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: Released on 23 July 2010, the film opened to favourable reviews by critics. Made on a budget of 12–14 crore (US$2.6–3.1 million), the film was commercially successful collecting a distributor share of over 29 crore ($6.35 million). It became one of the highest grossing Telugu films of 2010. It received four Nandi Awards, including Best Popular Feature Film.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: It was remade in various languages, namely - "Maryade Ramanna" (2011) in Kannada, "Faande Poriya Boga Kaande Re" (2011) in Bengali, "Son of Sardaar" (2012) in Hindi, "Vallavanukku Pullum Aayudham" (2014) in Tamil and "Ivan Maryadaraman" (2015) in Malayalam.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: In 1982, Gandikota village of Rayalaseema region, a feud between two rival families results in the murder of Ramineedu's brother. He, along with his two sons Mallasuri and Baireddy, vow for revenge. 28 years later in Hyderabad, Ramu, an innocent man who lost both his parents, is ousted out of his job. He dreams of buying an autorickshaw for livelihood but is unable to finance it himself. Back in his native, Ramineedu uses his evil sons to murder a broker. One day, Ramu receives a legal notice that he is the inheritor of five acres of land in Gandikota. In the hope of selling the land, he sets off to the village on a train. On the journey, he meets Aparna, Ramineedu's daughter, and they become fond of each other. Ramu ends up in Ramineedu's house to seek his help to sell the land.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: However, Ramu happens to be the son of Raghava Rao, the man who murdered Ramineedu's brother. Mallasuri informs Ramineedu about this and asks his permission to kill Ramu. But Ramineedu instructs that Ramu must not be killed as long as he is in their house, honouring their age-old traditions of not shedding the blood inside the house, thereby deciding to murder him as soon as he steps out of the house. Ramu is aghast when he overhears this and realizes that he'd be safe if he confines himself to the house. He pretends to be hit by a swing and takes rest for a day. Ramineedu and his sons realize that he is taking advantage of their tradition and are eager to get him out of the house. The following day happens to be death anniversary of Ramineedu's brother and all their relatives arrive. Ramu is afraid that he'd be killed as soon as everyone leaves. In a ploy to make everyone stay for longer, Ramu manipulates Valasanaidu to get his son Srikanth married to Aparna the same day. Ramineedu reluctantly agrees but Srikanth refuses. Ramu convinces Srikanth to marry Aparna by describing her attributes by which Aparna realizes her love for Ramu.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: Meanwhile, Ramineedu announces that wedding would take place at the temple and everyone should go there. Aparna secretly meets Ramu and asks him to meet her at a mosque by escaping in one of the flowerbaskets. Mallasuri tries to secretly kill Ramu in the pent house but he cleverly escapes. As everyone leave to the temple, Bairreddy watches Ramu hiding in the flowerbaskets and plans to kill on the streets but fails to do so. Ramu stayed back in the empty house and finally runs away but Bairreddy and Mallasuri start chasing him. Srikanth, who realizes that Aparna is in love Ramu, tries to convince Ramineedu about their marriage. Furious Ramineedu decides to kill Ramu. Aparna meets Ramu to elope with him, only to realize that Ramu does not love her and was only trying to save his own life. Ramineedu and his sons find them at a wooden bridge. Aparna tries to stop his father but he is determined to kill Ramu as he dared to elope with his daughter. When Aparna says that she was the who loved him, Ramu realizes her love and surrenders himself. When they are about to kill him, she jumps into the river and Ramu saves her by jumping along. Ramineedu understands their love and lets them unite.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: Rajamouli wanted to re-tell the 1923 silent comedy film "Our Hospitality" in his own way. He later found out that the film's copyright had expired as it had been over 75 years since the film's release. His cousin S. S. Kanchi and him had adapted that story with a Rayalaseema backdrop focusing on the factional violence and hospitality that co-existed in the region.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: The film was officially launched in June 2009 at Ramanaidu Studios in Hyderabad. Rajamouli said, "I decided that my next project would be "Maryada Ramanna" during "Magadheera" shooting itself because it is a one and a half years project that demands a lot of physical labour and mental strain. I didn't want to commit another physically exhausting film immediately after "Magadheera". "Maryada Ramanna" gave us time to recharge our batteries so that we could come up with another huge project." He also revealed the film's plot on the film's launch to minimize the expectations of the audience because of Magadheera's success.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: The audio was released at a function held at Shilpakala Vedika, Hyderabad. The launch of the audio release was a webcast live on the internet, and it got a good response from internet viewers all over the world.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: Dasari Narayana Rao released the audio and handed over the first copy to K. Raghavendra Rao. The function was also attended by noted film fraternity like Junior NTR, Ravi Teja, Prakash Raj, V. V. Vinayak, Dil Raju, Prabhas, Sirivennela and other prominent cast and crew of the film. Meanwhile, music director MM Keeravani's birthday was also celebrated at a star-studded function.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: The film received positive reviews by critics. Raghu Chaitanya from "CNN-IBN" said "The climax is perhaps the only drawback in the entire movie as the director opts to take the clichéd path of emotions and love. Sunil perfectly fits the bill as the innocent guy who comes back to sell his land and make money [...] SS Rajamouli emerges a winner showing that he can make good movies without huge budgets and big star cast." "The Times of India" gave a two and a half stars explained "Comedian Sunil, who turned hero with "Andalaramudu" a few years ago this time returns with another roaring comic flick and puts in a restrained performance. However, a well-designed set, great cinematography and mellifluous tunes by Keeravani takes this comic caper to a different plane."


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: "Sify" which gave a verdict as "Worth a watch" further noted "Sunil would no longer look like a comedy hero. His dances are simply superb, Saloni is beautiful and holds natural sex appeal. It is unfortunate that her talents remained undetected for the last three years, but for Rajamouli, now. She performed with perfection all through the movie. Definitely, she awaits a bright future hereafter, it seems. "Maryada Ramanna" has a judicious mix of fun, thrill and suspense." "Rediff" gave a three stars, commented "Maryada Ramanna" is thoroughly enjoyable. Rajamouli sure has a winner on his hands. Sunil is able to captivate the audience and Saloni looks pretty and is convincing too. Nagineedu portrays the role brilliantly. There are quite a few others like Brahmaji, Anuj Gurwara and Rao Ramesh who perform well."


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: "Maryada Ramanna" was remade in several languages. Nagineedu reprised his role from the original film in Tamil and Malayalam versions.


title: Maryada Ramanna

text: The film grossed in its first weekend of release in the United States. The film collected a share of (after tax and theatre rentals) within 7 days in India. Overall the film managed to gross over 40 crore ($8.75 million) with a distributors' share of over 29 crore ($6.35 million) and was amongst the top grossers of the year 2010.


title: Alexis Ren

text: Alexis René Glabach (born November 23, 1996), known professionally as Alexis Ren, is an American social media personality, actress, entrepreneur, environmental- as well as mental-health activist and model.


title: Alexis Ren

text: On November 23, 1996, Ren was born Alexis René Glabach in Santa Monica, California, where she grew up and was homeschooled. She has three sisters and one younger brother.


title: Alexis Ren

text: At 13, Ren was discovered and became a model for the label Brandy Melville. She became a social media phenomenon at 15, when photos of her in a black string bikini posing by the pool went viral on Tumblr. Since then she has appeared in a series of advertisements for the mobile game "". She launched an activewear line called Ren Active. Ren was named a "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit" 2018 Rookie of the year. On September 12, 2018, Ren was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 27 of "Dancing with the Stars". Her professional partner was Alan Bersten. Ren and Bersten reached the finals and came in fourth place on November 19, 2018.


title: Alexis Ren

text: She was "Maxim"s cover girl for the August 2017 issue, "Maxim"s Mexico cover girl for the March 2018 issue, and "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue" Rookie for 2018. She was included in "Maxim"'s Hot 100 list of Sexiest Women in the World in 2019.


title: Alexis Ren

text: In October 2019, she starred as "Scarlet Jones" in the music video for Ed Sheeran's "South of the Border". Before that, she was also featured in the music video for Kygo's "Not Ok".


title: Alexis Ren

text: Ren is the founder of a management company in Japan, Meissa Inc. She was also featured in Forbes and Vogue.


title: Alexis Ren

text: In September 2017, Ren uploaded her first video on YouTube, l which has more than one million subscribers. Her second video, "10 minute ab workout" is her most viewed video to date with more than 50 million views and counting. Across Social Media (Instagram, TikTok, YouTube and Twitter) she has more than 20 million followers to date.


title: Alexis Ren

text: Her mother, a health nutritionist expert, died in 2014 due to colon cancer. Following the death of her mother, Ren developed an eating disorder, which she later opened up about, saying she was in "a toxic state of mind".


title: Alexis Ren

text: In her free time she loves to do ballet, singing and travelling. She mentioned that she loved to go to ballet classes in her childhood and aspires to continue doing it into adulthood. Proof for her love for travelling can be seen on her Instagram and YouTube. As she suffered from an eating disorder in her late teens, she is now an advocate for healthy eating and an activist for mental-health. She also loves to workout and educate herself about environmental issues, spiritual topics and mental health.


title: Alexis Ren

text: Ren dated travel influencer and surfer Jay Alvarrez from 2015 to 2016. She confirmed a romance with her dance partner Alan Bersten from October 2018 to December 2018 while filming the 27th season of "Dancing with the Stars". Ren was in a relationship with actor and model Noah Centineo from March 2019 to January 2020.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: Cold Pursuit is a 2019 action thriller film directed by Hans Petter Moland from a screenplay by Frank Baldwin. A British-American co-production, the film stars Liam Neeson, Tom Bateman, Tom Jackson, Emmy Rossum, Domenick Lombardozzi, Julia Jones, John Doman, and Laura Dern. It is a remake of the 2014 Norwegian film "In Order of Disappearance" ("Kraftidioten"), also directed by Moland, and follows a brooding and vengeful snowplow driver (Liam Neeson) who starts killing the members of a drug cartel following the murder of his son.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: The film was released in the United States on February 8, 2019, by Summit Entertainment. It grossed $76 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Neeson and Jackson's performances, action sequences and dark humor.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: After being awarded "Citizen of the Year" by the fictional ski resort of Kehoe, Colorado, snowplow driver Nels Coxman's quiet life is disrupted when his son dies from a forced opium overdose. He learns that his son was murdered by a Denver drug cartel. He decides to seek vigilante justice, makes a sawed-off rifle, and kills three members of the cartel, dumping their bodies in a nearby river. Nels's wife Grace (angry at her husband's seemingly cold lack of grief) leaves him.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: The cartel's psychopathic drug lord Trevor """Viking""" Calcote, first suspects that these deaths are the work of his rival White Bull, a Ute with whom he has so far avoided conflict. Viking has one of Bull's gangsters murdered, not knowing it is White Bull's only son. This drives White Bull to seek vengeance, and he orders his men to kidnap Viking's young son in retaliation, which starts a gang war. Nels seeks advice from his brother Brock, once a mob enforcer known as Wingman, and learns about Viking. Brock tells Nels that killing Viking requires a hired assassin, and he recommends a transplanted African-American hitman known as "The Eskimo". The Eskimo agrees to kill Viking for 90,000, but decides he can get another 90,000 from Viking by informing him that Nels has hired him for the hit.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: Viking does not appreciate the Eskimo's "lack of professional ethics" and subsequently kills him. He thinks the Eskimo meant Brock Coxman, and he takes Brock in his car. Since Brock is dying of rectal cancer, he claims responsibility for the hits to protect his brother. Viking tries in vain to stop the gang war by using one of his own men as a scapegoat and sending White Bull the man's head. This is insufficient to placate White Bull, who shoots the messenger. Meanwhile, Nels kidnaps Viking's son from his prep school before White Bull's men can do so, in order to draw Viking into an ambush. Nels treats the boy well and protects him from the violence to come. Nels' identity is revealed to Viking by the prep school's janitor. Though promised 10,000 for the tip, he too is killed after his disclosure.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: Both gangs arrive at Nels's workplace, and most of them are killed in the ensuing shootout. Viking, attempting to drive away, is trapped when Nels uses heavy machinery to impale Viking's car with a shorn tree trunk, allowing White Bull to shoot Viking in the chest. He dies when found by Kehoe police detectives Kimberly Dash and Gip. As Nels leaves the property in his snowplow to continue his work, White Bull jumps into the cab, and the two men drive away together with both being satisfied for having avenged their respective children's death.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: The participation of actor Liam Neeson, director Hans Petter Moland and producers Michael Shamberg and StudioCanal in making the film, originally titled "Hard Powder", was announced in January 2017. In March 2017, Domenick Lombardozzi, Emmy Rossum, Benjamin Hollingsworth, Laura Dern, William Forsythe, Julia Jones, and John Doman joined the cast of the film. The next month, Aleks Paunovic joined.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: Filming also took place in Vancouver and Fernie, British Columbia, and around Winnipeg and Gimli, Manitoba. While Moland had hoped to shoot in the Banff and Jasper national parks, the permit was denied by Parks Canada, which cited concerns about the film's environmental impact, and over the depiction of the First Nations gangsters led by Tom Jackson's character. Jackson provided a letter in support of the project.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: In November 2017, Summit Entertainment acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. Its title was changed from "Hard Powder" to "Cold Pursuit", and it was released on February 8, 2019 in the United States, and February 22 in the United Kingdom. The film's February 5, 2019, red carpet premiere was cancelled because of comments made by Neeson the previous day, regarding a past incident in his life, which many interpreted as racist.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: The film was released on Ultra HD, Blu-ray, DVD and digital download in the United States on May 14, 2019 by Lionsgate Films. The (Region A) Blu-ray is released as a 2-disc Blu-ray and DVD package. Studio Canal released it in the United Kingdom on June 24, 2019.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: "Cold Pursuit" grossed $32.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $44.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $76.2 million, against a production budget of $60 million.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: In the United States and Canada, "Cold Pursuit" was released alongside "What Men Want", "" and "The Prodigy", and was projected to gross $7–10 million from 2,630 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $3.6 million on its first day, including $540,000 from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $11 million, finishing third, behind "The Lego Movie 2" and "What Men Want". In its second weekend the film fell 45% to $6 million, finishing sixth, and then $3.3 million in its third weekend, finishing eighth.


title: Cold Pursuit

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, ""Cold Pursuit" delivers the action audiences expect from a Liam Neeson thriller -- along with humor and a sophisticated streak that make this an uncommonly effective remake." It was also included in the site's list of the best action films of 2019. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an average 3 out of 5 stars and a 42% "definite recommend".


title: Cold Pursuit

text: Chris Nashawaty, writing for "Entertainment Weekly", delivered a positive review, grading it a "B+": Richard Roeper, writing for the "Chicago Sun-Times", praised the film, awarding it 3.5 out of 4 stars:


title: Cold Pursuit

text: "Cold Pursuit" was nominated for Best Action or Adventure Film at the 45th Saturn Awards, losing to "".


title: Cold Pursuit

text: Liam Neeson was accused of racism after an interview with "The Independent" at a press junket for the film, published in February 2019. Neeson explained his character's "primal" anger to the interviewer by recounting an experience he had many years ago. A woman close to him said she had been raped by a stranger, and Neeson asked what color skin the attacker had; after learning the attacker was black, Neeson said that for about a week, he "went up and down areas with a cosh ... hoping some 'black bastard' would come out of a pub and have a go" so that Neeson "could kill him". In the interview, Neeson also said he was "ashamed" to recount the experience and that it was "horrible" that he did what he did. "It's awful ... but I did learn a lesson from it, when I eventually thought, 'What the fuck are you doing?'"


title: Cold Pursuit

text: In an appearance on "Good Morning America", Neeson elaborated on his experience while denying being a racist, saying the incident occurred nearly 40 years ago, that he asked for physical attributes of the rapist other than race, that he would have done the same if the rapist was "a Scot or a Brit or a Lithuanian", that he had purposely gone into "black areas of the city", and that he "did seek help" from a priest after coming to his senses. Neeson said that the lesson of his experience was "to open up, to talk about these things", as there was still underlying "racism and bigotry" in both the United States and Northern Ireland. The controversy of Neeson's comments led to the cancellation of the red carpet event for the premiere of the film.


title: David Cage

text: David De Gruttola (born June 9, 1969), known by his pseudonym David Cage, is a French video game designer, writer and musician. He is the founder of the game development studio Quantic Dream. Cage both wrote and directed the video games "Heavy Rain" and "" for the PlayStation 3, and "" for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.


title: David Cage

text: Born in Mulhouse, France, Cage is the head of the game developer studio Quantic Dream. Cage plays a central role in the company and the development of the games, being founder, co-CEO (with Guillaume de Fondaumière), director, lead game designer, and screenwriter. As a professional musician, he created the company "Totem Interactive" in 1993, which worked in music and sound productions. He worked as a freelance musician on several television, film and video game projects, involved with original soundtrack work.


title: David Cage

text: His earlier works include the music in the video games "Super Dany" (1994, credited as David De Gruttola), "Cheese Cat-Astrophe Starring Speedy Gonzales" (1995, credited as David De Gruttola), "Timecop" (1995), and "Hardline" (1996). David Cage founded "Quantic Dream" in 1997. He has written and directed all five games released by the studio: "" (1999), "Fahrenheit / Indigo Prophecy" (2005), "Heavy Rain" (2010), "" (2013) and "" (2018).


title: David Cage

text: At the British Academy Games Awards, in which Quantic Dream won three awards for "Heavy Rain", Cage stated that "games always explore the same things. They're about being powerful, being the good guys against the bad guys – that's a very tiny part of what can be done. There are so many other stories to tell, so many other emotions to trigger – this is a fantastic new medium, we can do much more than we currently do with it." Game developer Warren Spector described Cage as one of the best storytellers in the business, calling him a genius.


title: David Cage

text: Cage has been critical of "game over" events in story-driven, non-action video games, calling them "a failure of the game design". Cage was the first game developer to receive the Legion of Honour, the highest decoration granted in France. In October 2018, he received a Ping Honor Award for his career.


title: David Cage

text: In 2018, Quantic Dream was involved in a lawsuit with Le Monde and Mediapart, accusing the studio of fostering a toxic workplace, after it was found that one of the employees had been photoshopping pictures of other employees. In April 2021, Quantic Dream won an appeal overturning a July 2018 ruling in favour of a former employee who sued the studio. It was later alleged that Cage said that all the female characters in his games were "whores" and that Quantic Dream "didn't make games for fags". Cage denied these allegations by saying "I have never said or even thought such things. I fully understand people were shocked by seeing those words, and I am deeply sorry for the pain and confusion they have caused to women and the LGBTQIA+ community. The quotes are abhorrent, and they do not reflect my views, nor the views of anyone at Quantic Dream." Representatives of LGBTQ+ employees at the studio defended Cage, stating that deeply hurtful and misleading perceptions "do not reflect [their] everyday lives at work".


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Adidja Azim Palmer (born 7 January 1976), better known as Vybz Kartel, is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall recording artist, composer, record producer, and entrepreneur. Among his various nicknames, he is referred to as "Worl' Boss". As summarized by "Rolling Stone", he "attained folk-hero status in Jamaica with provocative lyrics, and a mischievous public persona", and "few have captivated [the dancehall] audience – or offended the sensibilities of its detractors – as consistently and thoroughly as Kartel."


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Kartel's singles include "Romping Shop" (2009), "Dancehall Hero" (2010), and "Summer Time" (2011). Having collaborated with a number of hip hop and R&B artists such as Major Lazer, Rihanna, Jay Z, Digga D, and Unknown T, he has also been credited as an inspiration for the dancehall-infused work of a number of Western artists, including Drake, who has cited Kartel as being one of his "biggest inspirations".


title: Vybz Kartel

text: In 2014, Kartel was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of his associate Clive "Lizard" Williams. He will be eligible for parole once he has served a minimum of 35 years in prison. Despite being imprisoned, Kartel continues to release new music prolifically, releasing over 50 new songs in 2016 alone. His hit song "Fever" was certified Gold in June 2020.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Vybz Kartel started his career as a teenager, in 1993 with his first recording "Love Fat Woman", which he released on Alvin Reid's label "One Heart" using the moniker "Adi Banton" as homage to Buju Banton. Palmer was later part of the three-member group "Vybz Cartel", keeping the name after the group split up, and became a protege of Bounty Killer. With this group, he claims to have written nearly 30 songs with them, including the song "Gal Clown".


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Kartel rose to prominence in 2003 after a string of hits in Jamaica. The year culminated in a pre-planned on-stage clash with Ninjaman at the annual dancehall festival Sting in Kartel's hometown of Portmore. The clash turned violent when Kartel's crewmembers, as well as Kartel himself, threw punches and assaulted Ninjaman onstage. While Kartel's manager initially blamed Ninjaman, Kartel himself quickly apologised to Ninjaman and Sting organizers for the fracas. Four days after the incident, the two artists appeared before the press to announce a settlement of their differences and to end any animosity.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: From the beginning to midst of his ongoing career, Kartel released a number of albums through the UK based label Greensleeves Records, such as "Up 2 Di Time", "More Up 2 Di Time", and "J.M.T.". He established his own label Adidjahiem/Notnice Records with his business partner and producer Ainsley "Notnice" Morris. After splitting with Bounty Killer-led Alliance in 2006, Kartel joined the Portmore Empire, a group of dancehall DJs and singers from his Portmore neighborhood that he signed to his newly founded Adidjahiem/Notnice Records. The members included Popcaan, Deva Bratt (founder), Gaza Slim, Shawn Storm, Sheba, Gaza Indu, Tommy Lee, Singing Maxwell, Singa Blinga, Lenny Mattic, Lisa Hype, Gaza Kim, Blak Ryno, Jah Vinci, Dosa Medicine and Merital Family.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: In 2008, Corey Todd, an American business man, signed Vybz Kartel to an endorsement deal for Vybz Rum. The relationship between Todd and Kartel developed into a business partnership. Together they launched Daggerin Condom and Street Vybz Rum. Todd then purchased Jamaica's most popular dancehall nightclub Asylum, which became the home to their weekly event called Street Vybz Thursday.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Street Vybz Rum production was stopped in 2011 because of a disagreement between Kartel and Todd. However, the collaboration resumed in 2012 as the two settled their differences, and despite Kartel's ongoing incarceration.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: In 2009 his song featuring Jamaican deejay Spice, "Romping Shop", debuted on the "Billboard" Top 100 Singles chart, and "Dollar Sign" was in regular rotation on urban radio stations in the US.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: His 2010 single "Clarks" was one of his biggest international successes, remaining in the top three reggae singles and gaining the most radio plays in North America for 40 weeks. "Clarks" was also featured on the TV series "So You Think You Can Dance Canada", and on a CNN segment on dancehall dance. When his singles "Clarks", "Clarks 2 (Clarks Again)" and "Clarks 3 (Wear Weh Yuh Have)" in 2010, its sales numbers and prices in Jamaica increased considerably. In 2011, he released his own shoe line, named Addi's, as well as his own line of "cake soap", a type of soap primarily used for clothes. Cake soap is less commonly utilised for skincare, to treat skin conditions such as acne. However, Kartel's brand was intended for the purpose of skin lightening or bleaching.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: MTV's "Vice Guide to Dancehall" featured Kartel at his weekly dance party, Street Vybz Thursday. Vybz Kartel has also hosted his own reality television show "Teacha's Pet" on CVM Jamaica broadcast channel, the first reality television show hosted by a dancehall artist in Jamaica. The premise of "Teacha's Pet" found 20 women living in a Kingston house vying for the artist's affection; the show's lascivious content elicited condemnation of its sponsor, telecommunications company LIME. The show came to a halt with the artist's arrest on murder charges in September 2011.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: On 29 September 2011, Kartel was arrested by police for cannabis possession. Jamaica's Major Investigation Taskforce (MIT) later charged him with the murder of Jamaican businessman Barrington Burton, conspiracy and illegal possession of a firearm. While in prison in 2012, his book "The Voice Of The Jamaican Ghetto: Incarcerated but not Silenced", co-written with business associate Michael Dawson, was published.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Though Kartel was granted bail for the Burton murder on 23 March 2012, for JMD$3,000,000, he remained in prison in connection with a second murder, of Clive 'Lizard' Williams, of Waterford, St Catherine. He was charged, along with two others including Vanessa "Gaza Slim" Saddler, with perverting the course of justice, after Saddler allegedly claimed that Williams had robbed her in order to mislead the police into believing that he was still alive. Kartel's trial was originally scheduled for 21 January 2013, but had to be postponed due to a lack of jurors, and was rescheduled for 11 July.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: On 24 July, a jury found Kartel not guilty of the charge of murder of Barrington Burton. However, Kartel remained in custody pending the second murder case. His trial for the murder of Clive Williams started on 18 November 2013, and on 13 March 2014, he was found guilty by an eleven-member jury (10-1) of the murder of 27-year-old Clive ‘Lizard’ Williams. The 65-day trial was said to have been the longest in Jamaica's history. On 3 April 2014, Kartel was sentenced to life imprisonment. Justice Lennox Campbell said he would be eligible for parole after serving 35 years.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Since his incarceration in 2011, Vybz Kartel has been releasing new music prolifically. Jamaican prison officials have denied allowing him recording privileges, and Kartel has refused to state the exact source of the recordings, whose lyrical content includes current events.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: In 2016, while in prison, Kartel released his most internationally successful album, "King of the Dancehall", which peaked at number 2 on the US "Billboard" Reggae Charts. The album included the single "Fever" which topped various local music charts and became his most successful on streaming websites.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Kartel re-teamed with "Kingston Story" producer Dre Skull for the single "Real Bad Gal" in 2017. Two of his seven children, have continued his musical legacy, as Jaheim, also known as Little Vybz, and Akheel Raheim Palmer, also known as Little Addi, have been releasing music since 2014 as a duo known as PG 13 (also known as Kartel Sons). In 2019, both were featured on the "Fully Gaza" riddim, on separate songs, with Likkle Vybz teaming with father Vybz on the title track "Fully Gaza", while Likkle Addi performs solo on "Dolla Sign" which interpolates portions of the chorus from his father's single of the same name, on the Goodlife riddim, from 2009.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: In January 2020, Kartel released a 10 track album, "To Tanesha", which was dedicated to his ex-girlfriend and mother of his three children, Tanesha Johnson. They co-produced the album with their respective record labels: Short Boss Muzik and Vybz Kartel Muzik. On 26 June 2020, Kartel released his fifteenth studio album, "Of Dons & Divas". He also appeared on Busta Rhymes' 2020 album "".


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Exactly six years later on 3 April 2020, a three-member panel of judges in the Jamaican Court of Appeal reaffirmed Kartel's conviction. On 17 April 2020, the Court of Appeal reduced Kartel's parole eligibility to 32 years and 6 months, citing Justice Campbell's failure to consider time the singer had spent in jail while awaiting trial in 2014. Kartel will now be eligible for parole in 2046.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Vybz Kartel's first child was born on 18 April 2003, when he was 27 years old. This child, along with two other children, he had with longtime girlfriend Tanesha 'Shorty' Johnson. Kartel also has six more children from other relationships. On 17 May 2020, it was revealed that Kartel's 15-year-old son was expecting a child with an 18-year-old woman, making Vybz a grandfather for the first time.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Kartel has come under controversy over perceived skin whitening, or "bleaching", leading him to claim the use of "cake soap" to lighten his skin. The Blue Power Group, Jamaican manufacturer of the popular cake soap (or "blue soap"), has refuted claims it changes skin color. Kartel stated the soap used to lighten his skin was his own company brand, which he intended to release on the local market and to overseas clients.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Kartel's 2004 UK MOBO award nomination was withdrawn amidst controversy over homophobic content of his lyrics. As described by Rolling Stone, Kartel is "credited with helping to erode Jamaica’s long-held taboo against oral sex by singing about blow jobs."


title: Vybz Kartel

text: In September 2011, the National Communications Network of Guyana banned Vybz Kartel from the airwaves—the first such action against a specific artist. NCN spokesman Martin Goolsarran said his music contained "obscene lyrics" and brought "nothing positive" to the entertainment industry, on Wednesday, 21 September after a week of internal debate. He said NCN was reviewing the lyrics of other musicians and could ban them as well.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: A public feud between Kartel and former collaborator Mavado arose towards the end of 2006, stemming from Vybz' much publicised departure from the dancehall conglomerate group The Alliance. The feud resulted in numerous diss tracks released, in which each artist dissed the other and their associates over popular dancehall rhythms. In a police-overseen press conference in March 2007, both Mavado and Vybz Kartel publicly announced an end to hostilities and apologized to fans.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: However, by the summer of 2008, tensions flared with a renewal of "diss tracks" from each artist, and a lyrical clash between the two at Sting 2008 left mixed views as to the "winner".


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Most of 2009 saw a continuation of the public feud, which dominated Jamaican media and, to a certain extent, Jamaican culture, with the two artists' factions, "Gaza" (Kartel) and "Gully" (Mavado), being adopted by Jamaican youth, in some cases leading to street violence.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: On 8 December 2009, Kartel and Mavado met with Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding in an attempt to end the feud, which had by that time fueled mob attacks in some of the inner-city neighbourhoods of Kingston. The two had performed together on-stage the previous night in a sign of goodwill at the West Kingston Jamboree, a concert promoted by drug lord Christopher "Dudus" Coke. After the truce in December 2009, the two artists were scheduled to perform a unity concert in March 2010 in Barbados, which was later cancelled by Barbadian Prime Minister David Thompson.


title: Vybz Kartel

text: Vybz Kartel has featured on more than 900 riddims/rhythms from various producers worldwide throughout his career.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Mike Perry (born September 15, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Middleweight division in the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship (BKFC). Perry has formerly competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he fought 15 times.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry was born in Flint, Michigan, on September 15, 1991. For much of his life, he moved around to different schools between Michigan and Florida. He said, "(In Michigan) I was one of maybe 10 white kids in the whole school, so I was bullied a lot. It was the same thing at other schools. I wouldn’t back down, so I would get into fights." This instability led him to a path of drugs, house arrest, probation violation, and jail. Perry started training boxing at age 11. Upon his release from jail for burglary, he got a job as a trainer at a UFC gym in Winter Springs, Florida. His work as a trainer led to his career as a fighter.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry made his professional debut in September 2014, after completing 11 amateur fights with a record of 8–3. He competed for several regional promotions across the United States. In just under two years, he fought nine times while finishing all of his opponents via KO/TKO.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry made his UFC debut on short notice against Lim Hyun-gyu on August 20, 2016, at UFC 202, after Sultan Aliev pulled out due to injury. At the official weigh-ins, Perry faked a handshake with Lim then put his hands up yelling to Lim, "You thought you had a friend, boy!" before screaming at his opponent. He defeated Lim via TKO in the first round after Perry dropped him twice with right hands, dropped him again with a left hook and then followed up with ground and pound before the referee jumped in to stop the fight.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: During the fight against Lim, Perry's cornerman and fellow fighter Alex Nicholson shouted during the pre-fight introductions, "He can't even open his motherfucking eyes." Nicholson was accused of racism for this, as Lim is Korean. Nicholson later addressed the comment on Twitter, saying, "I respect every man who steps in the cage and my comments were insensitive towards Lim I was hype for my brother but It's all love no hate." On the Monday following the fight Perry said on "The MMA Hour," "I don't think any of my competition can see me, and when I hit Lim, I opened a lot of people's eyes."


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry faced Danny Roberts on October 8, 2016, at UFC 204. At the official weigh-ins, Perry took a bite from a bar of chocolate and then told Roberts he was going to eat him alive. He defeated Roberts via KO late in the third round after Perry hurt him with a knee from the clinch, dropped him with a right hand and then followed up with ground and pound before the referee jumped in to stop the fight. The referee Marc Goddard appeared to stop the fight late, issuing an apology after the event via Twitter.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry faced Alan Jouban, on December 17, 2016, at UFC on Fox 22. At the official weigh-ins, Perry took a polaroid photo of Jouban and then tried to hand the photo to him as they traded words, but Jouban slapped it away with his hand and Perry aggressively feigned movement towards him while sticking his tongue out. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry faced Jake Ellenberger on April 22, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 108. He defeated Ellenberger via KO in the second round after Perry dropped him with a left hook early in round two then finished with a standing elbow from the clinch 30 seconds later. Perry was awarded a $50,000 "Performance of the Night" bonus.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry was expected to face Thiago Alves on September 16, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 116. Alves was pulled from the event and was replaced by promotional newcomer Alex Reyes. Perry won the fight via knockout in the first round. The win also earned Perry his second "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry was expected to face Yancy Medeiros on July 7, 2018, at UFC 226. However, Medeiros pulled out of the fight on June 27, citing a rib injury. The following day, it was announced that Paul Felder would step in to face Perry in a Welterweight bout at the same event. Perry won the fight via split decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry faced Donald Cerrone on November 10, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 139. Perry lost the fight via submission due to an armbar in round one, marking the first time he had been finished in a professional mixed martial arts contest.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: After the fight with Cerrone, Perry signed a new four-fight contract with the UFC and faced Alex Oliveira on April 27, 2019, at . He won the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision. The win also earned Perry his first "Fight of the Night" bonus award.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry faced Vicente Luque on August 10, 2019, at UFC on ESPN+ 14. He lost the fight via split decision. This fight earned him the "Fight of the Night" award. As a result, Perry was expected to be sidelined for the remainder of 2019 after undergoing surgery to correct facial injuries sustained during the Luque fight.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: As the first bout of his new four-fight contract, Perry faced Geoff Neal on December 14, 2019, at UFC 245. He lost the bout via first-round technical knockout, marking the first loss in his MMA career by knockout.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry was expected to face Robbie Lawler on November 21, 2020, at UFC 255. However, Lawler pulled out of the fight in late October, citing an undisclosed injury. Perry instead faced Tim Means at the same event. At the weigh-ins on November 20, Perry missed weight, weighing in at 175.5 pounds, over the non-title welterweight limit of 171.0 pounds. As a result, the bout proceeded at a catchweight and Perry was fined 30 percent of his purse, which went to Means. Perry lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Mike Perry faced Daniel Rodriguez on April 10, 2021, at UFC on ABC 2. He lost the bout via unanimous decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: On October 26, 2021, it was announced that Mike Perry signed a contract with Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship (BKFC) after his UFC contract expired.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: On November 27, 2021, Perry faced boxer Michael Seals in a boxing vs MMA card promoted by Triller that featured other UFC veterans, with fighters wearing MMA gloves instead of traditional boxing gloves. Perry won the fight via split decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry made his BKFC debut against Julian Lane at on February 19, 2022. After knocking down Lane in round one, Perry won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry faced Bellator MMA veteran Michael Page on August 20, 2022 in the main event at . After the first five rounds went to a split draw, Perry won the sixth round to win the fight via majority decision.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: On February 23, 2020, Perry faced Al Iaquinta in a grappling contest at Chael Sonnen's Submission Underground 11 event. He won the match via fastest escape time.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry married professional tennis player Danielle Nickerson in 2019, after five years of dating. They separated in 2020. For his fight against Mickey Gall in June 2020, Perry's corner consisted solely of his girlfriend Latory Gonzalez. On January 6, 2021, Gonzalez gave birth to their first son, Ocean.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: On New Year's Eve 2016, Perry was involved in an altercation in Orlando, Florida. A stranger allegedly approached Perry's girlfriend and punched Perry after Perry told him to go away, Perry returned a left hook that left the attacker unconscious.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: Perry has received criticism for his use of homophobic and racist slurs. In response to complaints by fans and fellow mixed martial artists over his use of the word "nigga", Perry posted a video on social media to state that a DNA test had shown he has 2% African ancestry. Perry issued a public apology for his past use of the N-word and vowed not to use it again, citing his desire to set a better example for his son.


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: In July 2020, Perry was questioned by police due to an incident at a restaurant in Lubbock, Texas, where three people were allegedly assaulted. Part of the incident was filmed, showing an elderly man and Perry in a heated dispute. The man lunged towards Perry, and Perry threw a right-hand punch. The man was unconscious when police arrived on the scene and he was hospitalized. Perry was charged with class A assault, a misdemeanor. Perry said his actions were a response to others initiating physical contact with him. During the incident, Perry was also reported to have attacked a restaurant staffer, become involved in a physical altercation with a woman, and repeatedly used the racial slur "nigga."


title: Mike Perry (fighter)

text: On October 20, 2020, Perry's ex-wife Danielle Nickerson gave an interview to the industry website MMA Junkie in which she described repeated incidents of verbal and physical abuse by Perry. Nickerson claimed that in February of 2020, Perry became angry after an altercation with a woman at a bar. Once the couple returned home, Perry took his frustrations out on Nickerson by taking her to the ground and hitting her with a barrage of punches that bruised her face. After the incident Nickerson was picked up by Perry's mother, Sabra Young, and taken to Young's home. When Perry followed Nickerson to the Young residence, Young locked him out of the house and called 911. Nickerson also alleged that during a prior incident, Perry struck her in the forehead while wearing his wedding ring, leaving a hematoma. Nickerson said that the abuse grew so severe that she filed for a restraining order against Perry after the dissolution of their romantic relationship. Perry denies the allegations and no charges were filed.


title: Inspectah Deck

text: Jason Richard Hunter (born July 6, 1970), better known by his stage name Inspectah Deck, is an American rapper, producer, and actor. He is a member of the groups Wu-Tang Clan and Czarface.


title: Inspectah Deck

text: He has acquired critical praise for his intricate lyricism, and for his verses on many of the group's most revered songs. He has grown to become a producer in his own right, taking up tracks for fellow Wu rappers and his own projects.


title: Inspectah Deck

text: Hunter was born July 6, 1970 and grew up in Staten Island. Hunter routinely mentions the Park Hill Projects in Clifton, Staten Island, where he grew up and went to school with the future Method Man, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, and Remedy. Hunter's father died when he was six years old.


title: Inspectah Deck

text: Hunter developed a laid-back and quiet personality which he carried into his stage persona, as a low-key counterbalance to the antics of Method Man, Ol' Dirty Bastard, and RZA, referenced by Method Man at the end of the track "Can it Be All So Simple?" on Wu-Tang's debut album "Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)":


title: Inspectah Deck

text: Despite this inconspicuous persona, Inspectah Deck maintained a relatively high profile, as he was the second most featured member on the album, and provided highly acclaimed verses for the singles "C.R.E.A.M.," "Protect Ya Neck," "Wu-Tang Clan Ain't Nuthing ta Fuck Wit," and "Da Mystery of Chessboxin'." In the years following, Hunter would appear on several Wu members' solo projects, including Method Man's "Tical" (1994), Raekwon's "Only Built 4 Cuban Linx…" (1995), GZA's "Liquid Swords" (1995), and Ghostface Killah's "Ironman" (1996). On Wu-Tang's second group album, "Wu-Tang Forever" (1997), Deck produced the track "Visionz" and contributed a solo track, "The City", as well as writing one of the most critically acclaimed verses in hip-hop on the group's hit single "Triumph". He would also provide production for some of his Wu cohorts, including "Elements" and "Spazzola" for Method Man's "" (1998), "Kiss of a Black Widow" for RZA's "RZA as Bobby Digital in Stereo" (1998), and the title track for GZA's "Beneath the Surface" (1999).


title: Inspectah Deck

text: Inspectah Deck was originally supposed to be featured on the track "Got My Mind Made Up" by 2Pac for his album All Eyez on Me along with Lady of Rage, however both artists were cut out at Shakur's request. The song went on to feature Tha Dogg Pound, Redman, and Deck's fellow Wu-Tang Clan member Method Man. Despite his verse being cut out, he can still be heard at the end of the song saying ""INS the rebel"" before it fades out. His debut album "Uncontrolled Substance" was initially set for a late 1997 release, however, this experienced several delays due to a flood in producer RZA's basement studio, which destroyed over one hundred beats, including all of the instrumentals made for the album. In September 1999, "Uncontrolled Substance" was released, and featured more of Deck's own production, and appearances from several lesser known affiliates. The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics, but failed to garner the reception attained by earlier Wu-Tang solo projects. Shortly after this release, Deck returned to the Wu-Tang fold for the group albums "The W" (2000), and "Iron Flag" (2001).


title: Inspectah Deck

text: In 2003, Inspectah Deck released his second studio album, "The Movement", which he would later state did not live up to his expectations, and in 2006, he released "The Resident Patient", intended as a prequel to The Movement. In 2007, the rapper reconvened with the Wu-Tang Clan to record the group album "8 Diagrams". Along with Raekwon, and Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck


title: Inspectah Deck

text: partook in the controversy, sparked when several group members disparaged RZA's tight artistic control of the album, championing Ghost's album "The Big Doe Rehab". In regards to these disagreements, Deck stated in an interview:


title: Inspectah Deck

text: Around this time he announced two new projects: an album called "Czarface" as a new collaboration called Czarface with Boston's 7L & Esoteric featuring the legendary DJ Premier and his up-coming solo album "The Rebellion", confirming production from RZA and the Wu-Elements; it is now set to come after "The Resident Patient II", and will reportedly be his final album as a solo artist.


title: Inspectah Deck

text: On March 23, 2010, Inspectah Deck released his fourth solo album "Manifesto", which features guest-appearances from Raekwon, Cormega, Termanology, Planet Asia, Cappadonna, Kurupt, and M.O.P.'s Billy Danze. In 2008, a mixtape entitled "The Resident Patient II" was leaked on to the internet; this features some original material, as well as freestyles over other artists' songs. Inspectah Deck stated in an interview that "The Manifesto" was meant to be the originally announced full-length sequel, "Resident Patient II".