title: Vickers machine gun

text: Field tests were conducted of the Vickers in 1914, and the gun was unanimously approved by the board for the army under the designation "Vickers Machine Gun Model of 1915, Caliber .30, Water-Cooled". One hundred twenty-five guns were ordered from Colt's Manufacturing Company in 1915, with an additional 4,000 ordered the next year, all chambered for .30-06. Design complexities, design modifications, and focus on producing previously ordered weapons meant that when the U.S. entered World War I in April 1917, Colt had not manufactured a single M1915.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: Production began in late 1917 with shipments to the Western Front in mid-1918. The first twelve divisions to reach France were given French Hotchkiss M1914 machine guns, and the next ten had M1915s. The next twelve divisions were to have Browning M1917 machine guns, but there was a shortage of parts. By August 1918, thirteen U.S. divisions were armed with the Colt–Vickers machine gun, and many aircraft were armed with the weapons as well (2,888 guns were converted). 7,653 guns were issued during the war out of 12,125 produced in total. War damage losses reduced the number of M1915s in the U.S. Army inventory from 9200+ to about 8,000 total.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: After World War I, the Colt–Vickers machine guns were kept in reserve until World War II. Several hundred were sent to the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines, and were all eventually lost to enemy action. In 1940 and 1941, a total of 7,071 M1915 guns were purchased by the United Kingdom to re-equip their forces after the Dunkirk evacuation, which depleted the weapon from the U.S. inventory before their entry into the war. Because the M1915 Colt–Vickers was not chambered for the standard British .303, it was painted with a red band to differentiate it and restricted it to Home Guard use.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The weight of the gun itself varied based on the gear attached, but was generally with a tripod. The ammunition boxes for the 250-round ammunition belts weighed each. In addition, it required about of water in its evaporative cooling system to prevent overheating. The heat of the barrel boiled the water in the jacket surrounding it. The resulting steam was taken off by a flexible tube to a condenser container—this had the dual benefits of avoiding giving away the gun's location, and also enabling re-use of the water, which was very important in arid environments.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: In British service, the Vickers gun fired the standard .303 inch cartridges used in the Lee–Enfield rifle, which generally had to be hand-loaded into the cloth ammunition belts. There was also a 0.5 in calibre version used as an anti-aircraft weapon and various other calibres produced for foreign buyers.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The gun was long and its cyclic rate of fire was between 450 and 600 rounds per minute. In practice, it was expected that 10,000 rounds would be fired per hour, and that the barrel would be changed every hour—a two-minute job for a trained team. The Vickers gun could sustain fire for long durations of time exceeding the recommended 10,000 rounds an hour due to the water-cooled barrel and hourly barrel swaps. One account states that a Vickers fired just under 5 million rounds in a week as a test in 1963 at Strensall Barracks and was still operable. The muzzle velocity was ± with Mark VII(z) ammunition and with Mark VIIIz ammunition. The Mark VIIIz cartridge, which had a boat-tailed spitzer 'streamlined' bullet, could be used against targets at a range of approximately . The bullet jackets were generally made of an alloy of cupro-nickel, and gilding metal. Ammunition for the Vickers used colour-coded annuli. Tracer ammunition was marked with a red annulus; armouring-piercing ammunition with a green annulus, and incendiary ammunition with a blue annulus. Explosive ammunition was marked with an orange annulus before the Second World War and was changed to black.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The gun and its tripod were carried separately and both were heavy. The Vickers Mk I was 30 lb (13.6 kg) without the water and tripod, and weighed 40 lb (18.1 kg) with the water. The original design did not anticipate it being carried up jungle-covered mountains on men's backs, but such was the weapon's popularity that men were generally content to pack it to all manner of difficult locations. The tripod would be set up to make a firm base, often dug into the ground a little and perhaps with the feet weighted down with sandbags.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The water jacket would be filled with about of water from a small hole at the rear end, sealed by a cap. The evaporative cooling system, though heavy, was very effective and enabled the gun to keep firing far longer than its air-cooled rival weapons. If water was unavailable, soldiers were known to resort to using their urine. It was sometimes claimed that crews would fire off a few rounds simply to heat their gun's cooling water to make tea, despite the resulting brew tasting of machine-oil. In extremely cold weather, the cooling water could freeze and damage the gun. This problem was addressed using an insulating water jacket cover, introduced in 1918 but still in use during the Korean War. Some crews added vehicle antifreeze, others drained the water jacket, or simply fired a few rounds periodically to keep the water from freezing.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The loader sat to the gunner's right, and fed in belts of cloth, into which the rounds had been placed. The weapon would draw in the belt from right to left, pull the next round out of the belt and into the chamber, fire it, then send the fired brass cartridge down and out of the receiver while the cloth belt would continue out the left side. During sustained fire, the barrel would heat up which heated the water in the jacket until hot enough for the water to evaporate or boil thereby cooling the barrel releasing the heat through steam. It took the Mk I 600 rounds of continuous fire to boil the water in the jacket, evaporating at a rate of 1.5 pints (0.852 L) per 1,000 rounds. The steam would reach the top of the jacket and enter a steam tube which led to a port that was situated under the jacket near the muzzle. A hose was connected to this, which released the steam into a metal water can allowing it to be vented away from the rest of the gun hiding the steam cloud and the gun's position. This also allowed any condensate to be reclaimed from the steam. Before the can got too full, it would be emptied back into the jacket to replenish the water level which would have fallen as the water evaporated and boiled away. If the water jacket needed to be emptied, a plug under the jacket could be unscrewed to drain the entire jacket.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The Vickers was used for indirect fire against enemy positions at ranges up to with Mark VIIIz ammunition. This plunging fire was used to great effect against road junctions, trench systems, forming up points, and other locations that might be observed by a forward observer, or zeroed in at one time for future attacks, or guessed at by men using maps and experience. Sometimes a location might be zeroed in during the day, and then attacked at night, much to the surprise and confusion of the enemy. New Zealand units were especially fond of this use. A white disc would be set up on a pole near the MMG, and the gunner would aim at a mark on it, knowing that this corresponded to aiming at the distant target. There was a special back-sight with a tall extension on it for this purpose. The only similar weapon of the time to use indirect fire was the German MG 08, which had a separate attachment sight with range calculator.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: A British World War II Vickers medium machine gun platoon typically had one officer in command of four guns, in two sections of two, each with a crew and a small team of riflemen whose job was to protect the gun and keep it supplied with ammunition.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The Vickers is a fully automatic belt-fed firearm which is fired from a closed-bolt. When ready to fire, a round is in the chamber and the breechblock assembly and working parts are forward. It has a recoil operated, floating action with a toggle lock similar to a Luger pistol. However, unlike the Luger, the mechanism is totally contained within the receiver or body of the Vickers. When operated, the floating action, which consists of the barrel, breechblock assembly and toggle mechanism, reciprocate as a unit within the body of the gun. The mechanism is held together by recoiling plates, that connect the breech end of the barrel to the rear of the toggle mechanism. The breech is locked closed when the toggle is straight. The crank cocking handle is part of the floating action. It acts through the rear pivot of the toggle lock. Pulling the cocking handle causes the toggle to rise. This unlocks the breech and then draws the breechblock assembly rearward. While firing, the opposite end of the crank handle cams on a round lug fixed to the body. Rearward movement of the floating action tips the cocking handle and unlocks the toggle. The recoil that unlocks the toggle is gas assisted. Propellent gases leaving the muzzle are partly contained within the muzzle cap and act on the muzzle cup (attached to the barrel) to assist in propelling the floating action rearward to the point where the toggle mechanism is unlocked. The breechblock assembly then opens fully while opposed by a spring which ultimately returns it to the closed position. The spring under tension acts on a crank mounted on the opposite side of the body to the cocking handle.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The feed block assembly sits directly above the breech. It accepts the canvas belt loaded with ammunition. With each firing cycle, it advances the belt by one round so that a fresh cartridge is presented ready for loading. The belt is advanced by pawls which move from side to side. The pawls are operated by a linkage that engages with the floating action. A second set of spring-loaded pawls tilt up and down as the belt passes over them. These hold the belt during the return cycle of the feed pawls.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The breechblock assembly is roughly as high as the receiver of the gun. On its front face is the extractor block. Levers cause this to move up and down as the action is cycled. It has a slot with two grooves which allow the rim of the cartridge to be held from each side, much like a stripper clip does. With the breechblock assembly closed and ready to fire, the extractor block grips the base of two cartridges: the lower cartridge in the chamber ready to fire and an upper cartridge held in the canvas belt within the feed block. When the breechblock assembly unlocks after firing, the extractor pulls the spent cartridge from the chamber and, once clear, this falls through an ejection port in the underside of the gun's body. Unlocking the breechblock assembly also withdraws the upper round (the next round to be chambered) from the belt. When there is sufficient clearance, the extractor block lowers the new round until it is aligned with the chamber. Forward movement of the breechblock assembly then chambers the round. Near the very end of the forward cycle, the extractor block rises to engage the next round ready to be loaded.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: The breechblock assembly houses the firing pin and trigger mechanism. The firing pin, under spring tension, strikes the primer of the cartridge through a hole in the extractor block. It must therefore be retracted before the extractor block moves down as part of the loading cycle. Once retracted, the firing pin is held in a cocked position by a sear, ready for the next firing cycle. As the breechblock assembly fully closes on the breech, the sear disengages but the firing pin is held rearward by the trigger. The end of the trigger protrudes from the top of the breechblock assembly.


title: Vickers machine gun

text: To fire the loaded gun, the gunner depresses a paddle at the rear of the gun. Through a lever, this pulls on a sliding bar that trips the trigger to release the firing pin. The weapon then cycles to load the next cartridge for firing. If the paddle is still depressed when the breech closes, the trigger is tripped again and a further firing cycle occurs.


title: Charles Baker (actor)

text: Charles Baker (born ) is an American actor, writer, and director. He is best known for playing Skinny Pete on the AMC series "Breaking Bad", and he has had a recurring role on the NBC series "The Blacklist".


title: Charles Baker (actor)

text: He reprised the role of Skinny Pete in the film "", which was released on Netflix on October 11, 2019.


title: Charles Baker (actor)

text: Baker is the son of a U.S. Army colonel, and as a result, he moved frequently during his childhood. Though he had aspirations to become a teacher, he double majored in music and theater in college.


title: Charles Baker (actor)

text: Baker began appearing in small budget movies including "Playing Dead" and "Fat Girls". He also dubbed for Japanese anime series, "One Piece". In 2006, he wrote, composed, produced, and directed his own short film called "The Waterson Project". In 2007, he was cast in the . In 2008, he was cast in the horror film "Splinter". He was cast in Terrence Malick's "To the Wonder" in 2011.<ref name="http://www.darkhorizons.com"></ref>


title: Charles Baker (actor)

text: He was cast in "Breaking Bad" as Skinny Pete, a close associate and friend of Jesse Pinkman who served time in prison. His original character name was supposed to be "skinny stoner" in the audition. He was called back a few days later and his part was expanded. After the filming of his first episode, he was called and asked to return for future episodes. His ability to play the piano was noticed by the writers of the show and in the Season Five episode "Hazard Pay", he plays an intricate piano melody (CPE Bach - Solfeggietto) on a keyboard. In early 2013, he was cast in the television pilot of "The Blacklist" starring James Spader. In mid 2013, Baker was cast in "Ain't Them Bodies Saints". In mid-2014, he was cast in "Wild" starring Reese Witherspoon. He was also cast in a recurring role in TNT's "Murder in the First".


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: Ana Kristina Gasteyer (born May 4, 1967) is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" from 1996 to 2002. She has since starred in such sitcoms as ABC's "Suburgatory," TBS's "People of Earth", NBC's "American Auto", and the film "Mean Girls".


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: Gasteyer was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Mariana Roumell-Gasteyer, an artist, and Phil Gasteyer, a lobbyist who later became the mayor of Corrales, New Mexico. Gasteyer grew up on Capitol Hill, three blocks from the Capitol. Her maternal grandparents were Romanian and Greek. She graduated from Sidwell Friends School. She enrolled as a music major at Northwestern University, and graduated from Northwestern University School of Communication in 1989.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: Gasteyer developed comedy experience with the Los Angeles improv – sketch comedy group The Groundlings. She played small roles on "Seinfeld" (as a doomed customer of The Soup Nazi) as well as on the shows "Party of Five", "Frasier", "Hope & Gloria", and "NYPD Blue". In 1996, Gasteyer joined the cast of "Saturday Night Live." Among her most popular characters were high school music teacher Bobbie Mohan-Culp, National Public Radio "Delicious Dish" host Margaret Jo McCullen, Lilith Fair feminist singer Cinder Calhoun, and her impressions of Martha Stewart and Celine Dion. In 2000, she and Chris Parnell auditioned to succeed Colin Quinn as co-anchors of the news parody segment "Weekend Update", but the positions ultimately went to Tina Fey and Jimmy Fallon.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: After six seasons, Gasteyer left "SNL" in 2002. Subsequently, she appeared in various television programs, films and stage productions. In 2004, Gasteyer played the mother of the main character Cady Heron (Lindsay Lohan) in the feature film "Mean Girls", written by "SNL" castmate Tina Fey. The film also featured other former "SNL" castmates, including Fey, Tim Meadows, and Amy Poehler. Gasteyer appeared in the 2005 Showtime movie musical "" as Mae, the doomed girlfriend of Jack and owner of the Reefer Den.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: Gasteyer starred in a revival of "The Threepenny Opera" on Broadway as Mrs. Peachum, along with Jim Dale, Alan Cumming, and Cyndi Lauper. The production ran from March 24 through June 25, 2006.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: On June 24, 2005, Gasteyer originated the role of Elphaba in the Chicago sit-down production of the musical "Wicked", alongside Kate Reinders as Glinda. The production opened July 13, 2005. Gasteyer was nominated for a Jefferson Award for her performance. She played her final performance on January 22, 2006, replaced by her standby Kristy Cates. She later reprised the role in the Broadway production from October 10, 2006, through January 7, 2007, replacing Eden Espinosa.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: On April 12, 2007, the media announced that Gasteyer had joined the cast of the then-new musical "Writing Arthur" for the 2007 New Works Festival for TheatreWorks in California, which ran from April 14 to April 22. Gasteyer performed in Chicago in the Stephen Sondheim musical "Passion" at Chicago Shakespeare Theater from October 2, 2007, through November 11, 2007.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: She was originally cast as Gloria in the 2008 Encores! Summer Series production of "Damn Yankees," but due to injury during rehearsals, she was replaced by Megan Lawrence. Gasteyer took part in the reading of the Broadway musical version of "The First Wives Club" in January 2009.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: She starred as Kitty Dean in the Broadway play "The Royal Family" which began performances at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre on September 15, 2009, and officially opened on October 8, 2009. The show concluded its run on December 13, 2009. Gasteyer also starred as Frisco Kate Fothergill in the City Centers Encores! production of "Girl Crazy," running from November 19 to November 22, 2009.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: She returned to "Saturday Night Live" for a special Mother's Day episode on May 8, 2010, and for another Mother's Day episode on May 11, 2012.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: From 2011 to 2014, Gasteyer co-starred as Sheila Shay on the ABC comedy series "Suburgatory," and, as of March 2013, she was a spokeswoman for the Weight Watchers diet plan.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: In 2014, taking advantage of her training as a singer, Gasteyer recorded and released "I'm Hip," an album of jazz standards including "One Mint Julep". In 2015, she played Mimi Schwinn in the New York City Center "Encores!" Off-Broadway revival of the musical "A New Brain", also appearing on the cast recording.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: From 2016 to 2017, Gasteyer had a starring role on TBS's cult hit "People of Earth" as the leader of an alien abductee support group.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: In October 2019, she released the holiday album "Sugar & Booze" which was later accompanied by an Audible Original comedy piece titled "Holiday Greetings from Sugar and Booze", featuring Gasteyer along with Maya Rudolph, Oscar Nunez, and Patti LuPone. Gasteyer later appeared as a contestant on the second season of "The Masked Singer" under the guise of "Tree", ultimately finishing the competition in sixth place.


title: Ana Gasteyer

text: In February 2020, it was announced that Gasteyer will play Katherine Hastings in the NBC comedy pilot "American Auto", written by Justin Spitzer. The show's production was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and skipped the step to premiere in the 2021–2022 broadcast season. In September and October 2020, she voiced a red panda named Nut in an adult animated series titled "Magical Girl Friendship Squad".


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: Cari Elise Fletcher (born March 19, 1994), known mononymously by her last name (stylized in all caps), is an American singer and songwriter. Fletcher's breakthrough single "Undrunk" was released in January 2019 and became her first single to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and reached number one on Spotify's Viral Chart in the United States. "Undrunk" was released on her second extended play "You Ruined New York City for Me", and according to Mediabase, the song was the fastest-rising song at pop radio for a new artist since 2014. Spotify ranked the song as one of the "Best Pop Songs of 2019".


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: Her debut single as a solo artist, "War Paint", was released in June 2015. Her 2016 single, "Wasted Youth", reached No. 1 on "Billboard" Emerging Artist Chart. In 2018, Fletcher was signed to Capitol Records. She has toured around the world, in addition to performing at Bonnaroo Music Festival, Life Is Beautiful Music & Art Festival, Lollapalooza, BottleRock and the iHeartRadio Music Festival. Fletcher was named a "Forbes" 30 under 30 musician.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: Cari Elise Fletcher was born in Asbury Park, New Jersey, to Bob and Noreen (née Napolitani) Fletcher; her father owned several car dealerships and her mother was a flight attendant. She began taking vocal lessons at the age of five.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: In 2012, Fletcher graduated from Wall High School in nearby Wall Township, New Jersey, where she played women's volleyball. Upon graduating high school, she attended the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at New York University (NYU). She took a year-long leave of absence and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue music full time, but completed NYU in 2016. She currently is based in Los Angeles.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: Fletcher competed on the premiere season of "The X Factor". In the boot camp round, Simon Cowell paired Fletcher with Hayley Orrantia, Paige Elizabeth Ogle, and Dani Knights to form the group Lakoda Rayne under mentorship of Paula Abdul. They disbanded after being eliminated from the competition. In 2015, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee and began collaborating with producer Jamie Kenney, during which the single "War Paint" was released. The song became the most viral song on Spotify and received media acclaim. In 2016, Spotify added Fletcher to their Spotify Spotlight list, helping catapult her as an independent artist. She was invited to speak on behalf of the company at Fortune Tech Conference in 2019 as a success story. In September 2016, she released her debut EP "Finding Fletcher" independently.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: In August 2018, Fletcher announced that she had signed with Capitol Records, which is based in Los Angeles. She released her single "Undrunk" on January 25, 2019 and subsequently made her television debut on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". The record was certified gold in the United States by December 2019.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: In April 2019, she released "If You're Gonna Lie", marketed as a prequel to "Undrunk" and "About You", another single about the same ex. In August 2019, Fletcher released her second EP "You Ruined New York City for Me", with all prior releases along with two new songs, "All Love" and "Strangers". The EP was produced by Malay, who previously worked with Frank Ocean, Sam Smith, Lorde, John Mayer, James Morrison, Zayn and Alessia Cara. In October 2019, Fletcher was announced as an opening act for Niall Horan's Nice to Meet Ya Tour, set to begin in 2020 before it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: "Paper" magazine said that Fletcher is "one of the most exciting female artists to emerge in pop [music]". In September 2020, Fletcher released her EP, "The S(ex) Tapes", which shares the raw aftermath of a breakup. She later released "Cherry" with Hayley Kiyoko, which "Elle" called "luscious, flirtatious, but fun".


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: On September 16, 2022, she released her debut album, "Girl of My Dreams", which debuted at number fifteen on the US "Billboard" 200.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: Fletcher released "I Believe You" in support of sexual assault survivors in March 2018, penning a #MeToo-inspired letter to "Billboard". She supported the movement with appearances at "It's On Us" and the United State of Women Summit. She's also participated in "Girl Up" and the "Teen Vogue" Summit in support of women's empowerment efforts.


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: Fletcher is a member of the LGBTQ+ community, and actively supports organizations such as GLAAD, The Trevor Project and It Gets Better. In March 2017, she told "Billboard" "I definitely identify within the LGBTQ community, but as far as putting a label on like gay, straight, bisexual, lesbian, queer... it's all in the family and spectrum, and sexuality and gender is not black and white. It's a spectrum that we all fall somewhere in the world on. That's how I feel comfortable expressing myself – loving who I feel like loving and who I'm attracted to." In December 2021, Fletcher stated that she identifies as queer and "attracted to strong feminine energy which ["sic"] just so happens to more likely than not be women".


title: Fletcher (singer)

text: From 2017 to 2020, Fletcher dated YouTuber Shannon Beveridge. In 2017, Beveridge starred in the music video for her single "Wasted Youth". Fletcher's third EP "The S(ex) Tapes", released in 2020, was inspired by the aftermath of their breakup. Beveridge filmed and directed all of the music videos for the EP, including "Sex (With My Ex)". In July 2022, Fletcher released the single "Becky's So Hot" about Beveridge's current girlfriend.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: In serial fiction, the term "reboot" signifies a new start to an established fictional universe, work, or series. A reboot discards continuity to re-create its characters, plotlines and backstory from the beginning. It has been described as a way to "rebrand" or "restart an entertainment universe that has already been established".


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: Another definition of a reboot is a remake which is part of an established film series or other media franchise. The term has been criticized for being a vague and "confusing" "buzzword", and a neologism for remake, a concept which has been losing popularity since the 2010s. William Proctor proposes that there is a distinction between reboots, remakes and retcons.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: The term is thought to originate from the computing term "reboot", meaning to restart a computer system. There is a change in meaning: the computing term refers to restarting the same program unaltered, while the term discussed here refers to revising a narrative from the beginning. The first known use of reboot applied to an entertainment franchise was in a 1994 Usenet posting.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: Reboots cut out non-essential elements associated with a pre-established franchise and start it anew, distilling it down to the core elements that made the source material popular. For audiences, reboots allow easier entry for newcomers unfamiliar with earlier titles in a series.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: In comic books, a long-running title may have its continuity erased to start over from the beginning, enabling writers to redefine characters and open up new story opportunities, allowing the title to bring in new readers. Comic books sometimes use an in-universe explanation for a reboot, such as merging parallel worlds and timelines together, or destroying a fictional universe and recreating it from the beginning.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: With reboots, filmmakers revamp and reinvigorate a film series to attract new fans and stimulate revenue. A reboot can renew interest in a series that has grown stale. Reboots act as a safe project for a studio, since a reboot with an established fanbase is less risky (in terms of expected profit) than an entirely original work, while at the same time allowing the studio to explore new demographics.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: A television series can return to production after cancellation or a long hiatus. Whereas a reboot disregards the previous continuity of a work, the term has also been used as a "catch all" phrase to categorize sequel series or general remakes due to the rise of such productions in the late 2010s.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: A related concept is retooling, which is used to substantially change the premise of a series while keeping some of the core characters. Retools are usually part of an effort to forestall cancellation of a still running production.


title: Reboot (fiction)

text: Reboots and remakes are common in the video game industry. Remakes in video games are used to refresh the storyline and elements of the game and to take advantage of technology and features not available at the time of earlier entries.


title: Kim Darby

text: Kim Darby (born Deborah Zerby; July 8, 1947) is an American actress best known for her role as Mattie Ross in the film "True Grit" (1969).


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby was born Deborah Zerby in Los Angeles, the daughter of professional dancers Inga (Wiere) and Jon Zerby (the "Dancing Zerbys" or "Dancing Zerbies"). Her father nicknamed her Derby saying "I thought Derby Zerby would be a great stage name". Her mother was from Budapest. Her mother's siblings were comedians who performed as the Wiere Brothers.


title: Kim Darby

text: She performed as a singer and dancer under the name "Derby Zerby". Believing that she could not "hope for serious important roles in films with a name like "Derby Zerby", she renamed herself "Kim", because it was the name of a popular girl in her high school that she admired, and "Darby", as a variation of "Derby".


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby began acting at age fifteen. Her first appearance was as a dancer in the film "Bye Bye Birdie" (1963). Her television work included "Gunsmoke" (1967 episodes "The Lure" and "Vengeance"); "Bonanza" (1967 episode "The Sure Thing"); and as a young girl approaching adulthood on an all-child planet in the "" episode of the original "" series.


title: Kim Darby

text: Among her many films are "True Grit", in which she played a fourteen-year-old when she was twenty-one years old; "The Strawberry Statement" (1970); "Norwood" (1970); "The One and Only" (1978); "Better Off Dead" (1985); and "" (1995).


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby's 1960s television roles included two appearances on the NBC series "Mr. Novak", starring James Franciscus; she was cast as Julie Dean in "To Lodge and Dislodge" (1963) and as Judy Wheeler in "The Silent Dissuaders" (1965).


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby also appeared about this time on "The Eleventh Hour", "The Fugitive", "The Donna Reed Show", "Ironside", and in the first season of "Star Trek" as the title character in .


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby was cast in an episode of the NBC sitcom "The John Forsythe Show" ("'Tis Better Have Loved and Lost", 1965). and as Angel in the two-part "Gunsmoke" episode "Vengeance". She appeared in the episode "Faire Ladies of France" (1967) of the NBC western series "The Road West" starring Barry Sullivan and a "Bonanza" episode "A Sure Thing" (1967) as Trudy Loughlin, guest starring Tom Tully as Burt Loughlin, her father.


title: Kim Darby

text: She appeared in 3 episodes of "Gunsmoke": "The Lure" (1967) as Carrie Neely, and "Vengeance: Part 1" (1967) and "Vengeance: Part 2" (1967) as Angel. She was cast in the 1972 movie, "The People," which also starred William Shatner, reuniting them from their "Star Trek" appearance. She played the unhinged Virginia Calderwood in the first television miniseries, "Rich Man, Poor Man" in 1976.


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby had the central role of Sally Farnham in the made-for-TV chiller "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark" (1973). Subsequent television roles included guest appearances on "Crazy Like a Fox", "Thriller", "Family", "The Love Boat", "The Streets of San Francisco", "Riptide", and "Becker".


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby admitted her career declined after the 1970s, in part because she had a dependency on amphetamines.


title: Kim Darby

text: According to Pilar Wayne in her book "My Life with John Wayne", Darby purposely set out to be rude to Wayne and others during the filming of "True Grit". Wayne, for his part, called her a "spoiled brat".


title: Kim Darby

text: In 1990, she began to teach acting in the Los Angeles area and has been an instructor in the Extension Program at the University of California, Los Angeles since 1992. Darby also appeared in the 1999 "The X-Files" episode "Sein und Zeit" as a woman who confessed to the murder of her son, a boy who disappeared under circumstances similar to those being investigated by the lead characters, Fox Mulder and Dana Scully.


title: Kim Darby

text: In 2014, she played Stacia Clairborne, a partially blind witness to a crime, in the episode "Prologue" of the show "Perception".


title: Kim Darby

text: Darby has been married twice.<ref name="kimdarby.com/life"></ref> In 1968, she married James Stacy, with whom she had one child, Heather Elias, born in 1968. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1969.<ref name="hidden-films.com/2014/07/16/darby"></ref><ref name="tcmdb/860368"></ref> In 1970, she married James Westmoreland; the marriage ended in divorce after less than two months.


title: Still Game

text: Still Game is a Scottish sitcom, produced by The Comedy Unit with BBC Scotland. It was created by Ford Kiernan and Greg Hemphill, who played the lead characters, Jack Jarvis, Esq and Victor McDade, two Glaswegian pensioners. The characters first appeared in the pair's previous TV sketch show "Chewin' the Fat", which aired in Scotland from January 1999 until December 2005.


title: Still Game

text: Following its debut on 6 September 2002, 62 episodes of "Still Game" were aired, including Christmas and Hogmanay specials, in addition to almost 50 live shows. The first three series were broadcast only on BBC One Scotland, though five episodes selected from the first two series were later broadcast throughout the UK on BBC Two from January to February 2004. From the fourth series, "Still Game" was broadcast across the UK on BBC Two. With the seventh series in 2016, the programme began to be broadcast on BBC One.


title: Still Game

text: It was announced on 13 July 2018 that a ninth and final series would be produced later in the year which would see the characters go into "comedy retirement". The last day of production was on 14 September 2018, and it started airing on 24 February 2019, being one of the first programmes to be shown on the brand new BBC Scotland channel.


title: Still Game

text: "Still Game" started as a stage play featuring three characters: Jack Jarvis, Victor McDade, and Winston Ingram. Due to a broken lift, the three men are stranded in Victor's flat and discuss a variety of subjects ranging from death to sex. The stage play toured Scotland, England, Ireland and Canada before returning to Glasgow, where the show was filmed at the Cottiers Theatre in 1999 and released on video on 22 November 1999. A DVD of the show was later released on 2 December 2002. It is available on YouTube, as of January 2022.


title: Still Game

text: A small number of revisions accompanied "Still Game"'s transition from stage to television. Gavin Mitchell, who originally played Winston (and was replaced by Paul Riley for later performances), played the part of Boabby in the series. Characters mentioned in passing were later fleshed out into supporting characters.


title: Still Game

text: In 1998, Jack and Victor appeared in a number of skits in a tongue-in-cheek documentary about Scottish pop music called "Och Around the Clock". In these, they are shown to be watching while sitting in Victor's flat. Their skits centred on the duo's disparaging comments about the performers.


title: Still Game

text: The characters reappeared in Kiernan and Hemphill's sketch show "Chewin' the Fat", nearly every episode of which featured Jack, Victor, Tam and Winston, with minor differences from their counterparts in the series. By the time "Still Game" became a show in its own right Winston's physical appearance had changed significantly, but he was still played by Paul Riley. As the show evolved, supporting characters assumed greater prominence. Jack and Victor made their final appearance on "Chewin' the Fat" in the 2002 Hogmanay Special.


title: Still Game

text: For the show's first three series, the broadcast of "Still Game" was limited to BBC One Scotland. The show was then moved to BBC Two for the fourth series and shown throughout the UK. On 28 December 2005, the first Christmas special was shown on BBC One, the first national broadcast of the show on the channel. A fifth series of the show started filming in February 2006 and was shown the following June on BBC Two. As of 2006, series three had not been shown nationally, and only five episodes from the first two series were shown on national BBC Two from 17 January to 14 February 2004. The second series was shown nationally from 10 July 2008. This meant it was listed as a new series in TV listings, even though it was not for Scottish viewers.


title: Still Game

text: In the first three series, the episode titles were all Glaswegian dialect words that were related to the episode. Starting from series four, the episodes were titled using standard English, so that general audiences could understand them.


title: Still Game

text: The events of "Still Game" take place in a floating timeline where the characters remain the same age from series to series. One of the most prominent examples of this is that Victor reveals that he is 74 years old in "Scran", an episode of the second series, but it is not until the fifth series ("Smoke on the Water") that he celebrates his 75th birthday.


title: Still Game

text: The sixth series of "Still Game" ended on BBC Two on 23 August 2007. A Christmas special was aired on BBC One Scotland on 23 December and for the rest of the UK on BBC Two on 28 December. There was also a Hogmanay special called "Hootenanny" aired on BBC One Scotland, later aired to the rest of the UK on 2 January 2008.


title: Still Game

text: Ford Kiernan, Greg Hemphill and Paul Riley's company Effingee Productions is thought to have split up after Riley walked away to go it alone after being refused more control over the future of the company by Kiernan. Hemphill stated that he didn't want a "boardroom battle". The split ultimately resulted in the indefinite hiatus of the series.


title: Still Game

text: In 2012 actor and playwright Kenny Boyle acquired the rights to the original stage play of Still Game and toured the show, with a new cast, to The Tron theatre, FTH theatre, and The Ayr Gaiety Theatre. The original play hadn’t been staged for 14 years. Kiernan and Hemphill came to see the performances and consequently began considering reviving Still Game officially.


title: Still Game

text: On 15 October 2013, the "Daily Record" ran a front-page story that the show would be returning. On 23 October 2013, Ford Kiernan and Greg Hemphill announced details of live shows entitled " Still Game Live" at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow at a press conference. They were scheduled to perform four shows beginning in September 2014, but due to high demand, it was extended to 16 and then 21 shows. On 24 October 2013 Kiernan confirmed in the "Daily Record" that Kenny Boyle’s tour of the original stage show had been one of the instigating factors for Still Game’s return.


title: Still Game

text: The 21 shows at The Hydro ran from 19 September 2014 until 10 October 2014, played to 210,000 fans and made £6,000,000 in ticket sales. The show received mixed reviews.


title: Still Game

text: In November 2014, a special sketch featuring Jack and Victor visiting the set of "River City" was made for Children in Need. The sketch also featured a cameo of a director played by Still Game director Michael Hines. On Hogmanay 2014, BBC Scotland showed a documentary celebrating the show titled "Still Game: The Story So Far". The programme featured interviews with the cast, celebrities who have appeared on the show and super fans, including a look at some favourite moments.


title: Still Game

text: On 12 May 2016, the BBC announced that the show would return in 2016 with a six-part seventh series, nine years after the previous series concluded. Filming of the new seventh series started in the summer and the series began on 7 October 2016. The show's return attracted its highest ever overnight audience for a single episode on 7 October, taking a 58% share of the Scottish TV audience with 1,300,000 viewers. The show also aired for the first time on BBC One across the UK nationwide and drew a total audience of 3,200,000.


title: Still Game

text: In September 2016, a second live show "Still Game Live 2: Bon Voyage" was announced for the SSE Hydro. The second stage show was to run for ten nights beginning 4 February 2017, but in October 2016, a further five performances were added. Unlike the previous live show, this show was not televised or recorded in any other way.


title: Still Game

text: On 16 March 2017, it was announced that an eighth series has been commissioned to air on BBC One with plans to broadcast towards the end of 2017. The series was pushed back to start on 8 March 2018.


title: Still Game

text: Before the start of the eighth series, Hemphill revealed that he and Kiernan were about to start writing the ninth series and plan to do a third and final live show after that.


title: Still Game

text: On 13 July 2018, the BBC announced that Still Game would return for the ninth and final series later in 2019, after which the show will end. Filming for the ninth series started in August 2018 and was completed on 14 September 2018.


title: Still Game

text: The third and final SSE Hydro live show "Still Game: The Final Farewell" was officially announced on 1 November 2018, with five shows in September 2019 taking place over three days. A further 5 shows were announced on 2 November.


title: Still Game

text: "Still Game" is set in the fictional Craiglang area of Glasgow, and the Maryhill district of the city is a popular filming location. The early part of the first episode "Flittin" was filmed in the South Nitshill area of Glasgow, where Jack lived before he moved into the flat next-door to Victor at Osprey Heights. The block of flats which was used to film Osprey Heights can be found at Collina Street in the Maryhill area of Glasgow. The shops featured in the series can be found in the Townhead area of Glasgow. The Forth and Clyde Canal and its locks are used in background shots, along with the nearby high-rise tower blocks (flats) including the one used for Osprey Heights. For the first three series of the show, a pub ("The Gimlet") in Ruchill served as the set exterior of the Clansman pub. Between series three and four, the building owner had it demolished. A reproduction exterior set was constructed by the production team in the Glasgow North Media Park, Maryhill for filming starting with the fourth series. An outdoor market in Possilpark was used in the episode "Cauld" when Winston buys several electric heaters. The bingo scene in "Courtin" was filmed at the Gala Bingo hall in Possilpark and was a scene that coincidentally brought two old friends together, as Paul Riley (Winston) and Joe Houston (the Gala Bingo caller featured in filming); were friends in their youth. Scene interiors (Jack and Victor's flats, hallways and the interior of Harrid's) were constructed sets in a warehouse of a complex now a Maryhill industrial estate and part of Craigmont Studios). Scenes from several episodes were also filmed in the Knightswood area of Glasgow, including exterior scenes in the episode "Courtin", and the golf course scenes in the episode "Tappin".


title: Still Game

text: Finport, as mentioned and seen in the fifth series, was filmed on location in Largs and Saltcoats, North Ayrshire, both of which were once popular seaside resorts with Glaswegians. The shots of the promenade and the sea wall is that of Saltcoats' harbour area. The café that Jack and Victor walk past is The Melbourne Café in Saltcoats. The pub scene is set in the Royal Oak pub in Largs, while the bed and breakfast where Jack and Victor stay overnight is located at the north end of Largs promenade. In the scene where Jack and Victor arrive on the bus from the right in Finport, this leads from the sea, as there is no road there. In the scene where Jack and Victor find Winston, a wide panning shot reveals the famous Nardini's ice-cream building and the Caledonian MacBrayne ferry to Millport.


title: Still Game

text: Ardgowan House, a late eighteenth-century mansion at Inverkip, Inverclyde, was used as the setting for Blairtunnoch in the episode "Fly Society". Jack and Victor buy tickets for a meal and evening at the theatre from Tam who won them in a radio quiz. During the pre-theatre meal, they meet two apparently sophisticated, attractive ladies, played by Una McLean and Jeannie Fisher, whom they try to impress with tall tales of overseas adventures and wealth: the women thus invite them to a country house party at Blairtunnoch.


title: Still Game

text: The area where Jack and Victor are sitting during the court recess in the episode "Recipe" of series six is the Main Lounge of The Crookston Hotel in Glasgow. The interior shots of the bakery in the same episode "Recipe" were filmed at factories in Glasgow, one of which Tunnocks factory in Uddingston (the baker at the start of this episode is also the Tunnocks baker in Uddingston) and also Pars Foods for the production line scene with Winston.The court scenes were filmed in Court No. 2 of Hamilton Sheriff Court.


title: Still Game

text: The bar used during the Hogmanay Special in 2007, Hootenanny, was The Red Hoose in Dunipace, chosen by producers for its old world qualities.


title: Still Game

text: Navid's shop interior was a set in Hillington industrial estate, the exterior shots being a row of shops in Kennedy Path, Townhead, Glasgow.


title: Still Game

text: The shots where Jack and Victor visit Barbara at her workplace were filmed in Clydebank, a town 8 miles west of Glasgow. The interior of the shop was also filmed on site in a local charity shop which is still in use today.


title: Still Game

text: Just before the fifth series started filming, a pest control team had to be called into the Maryhill studio set when it was discovered that rats had infested Navid's shop and were eating their way through the stock. The alarm was raised after Jane McCarry (Isa) found a dead rat on the set. The high rat population in the area was due to the proximity of the Forth and Clyde Canal.


title: Still Game

text: The Children In Need sketch was filmed on the River City set at the BBC Scotland studios in Dumbarton, Scotland, as was much of the seventh series.


title: Still Game

text: The theme music used on the TV broadcasts of the show is an excerpt from "Cuban Boy", as recorded by The Cuban Boys, which is itself based on a sample of Frank Chacksfield's track of the same name from the album "West of Sunset". The opening and ending theme tune was changed to an entirely different theme on the BBC DVD and Netflix releases: the reason behind this is still unexplained, however licensing could be a possibility. The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra recorded an updated version of the theme tune for Series 7, which is also used on the DVD release of that series.


title: Still Game

text: Referring to the fifth series' finale, Scottish tabloid newspaper the "Daily Record" heralded for "Still Game" to be added to the ranks of the "greatest sitcoms ever". They called the episode "classic comedy" and said it was "a perfect mix of empathetic friendship, laugh-out-loud gags, real feeling in the acting and genuine warmth and chemistry between the characters". The Daily Record also reported that "Still Game" had higher ratings than rival comedies "The Catherine Tate Show" and Steve Coogan's "Saxondale" with 300,000 and 700,000 more viewers respectively. Creator and star Ford Kiernan said of the ratings: "I am absolutely delighted. The figures have gradually increased – episode after episode."


title: Still Game

text: "Still Game" was criticised for its "reliance on expletives" by Teddy Jamieson, television critic for "The Herald". He also commented that the sitcom "paints [Scotland] in broad strokes", through its use of stereotypes. "TV Today" praised the show for being "refreshing" in the age of dying sitcoms. It said the show was funny in a "straight down the line way". "Still Game" has attracted interest from known screen legends, such as Sean Connery (who even requested a role in the show). Actor Bill Nighy is also reported to be a fan, calling upon the distinct Glaswegian accent for his role as Davy Jones in "Pirates of the Caribbean". The show has won awards in both the 2004 and 2005 "BAFTA Scotland" awards and was named as the winner in the Best Broadcast category at the 2004 Glenfiddich Spirit of Scotland Awards.


title: Still Game

text: In 2006, "Still Game" was once again nominated for a "BAFTA Scotland" award for the "Most Popular Television" category. Other contenders included "Rebus" and "Taggart". Paul Riley, who plays Winston, was also awarded for his role in the show.


title: Still Game

text: The series revival in 2016 received some negative reviews. Julie McDowall, writing for "The National", said of the first episode "You're going to hate me for saying this. I already hate myself for even daring to hold these thoughts, but I need to be honest with you: this was a disappointment." She later said of the series, "I fear this once brilliant sitcom is turning into "Mrs. Brown's Boys". Just like an auld yin in The Clansman, its teeth have been removed and it’s gumsy and ineffectual and a bit of a bore." A review in "Chortle" said "I suspect a lot of new viewers will wonder what all the fuss is about, as this episode seems clunky and dated," going on to say "in truth no one here appears to be a great actor" and that "it seems to be a little crudely edited, too, with the timing of cutaways off the pace. And when you start to notice things like that, it’s got to be a sign that something’s wrong."


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company is an American seafood restaurant chain inspired by the 1994 film "Forrest Gump". As of October 2022, thirty-four Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurants operate worldwide. Twenty-two of these locations are in the United States, four are in Mexico, three are in Japan, and one each are in the Mainland China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Canada and Qatar. The company is based in Houston, Texas, and has been a division of Landry's Restaurants since 2010.


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: The first Bubba Gump restaurant opened in 1996 in Monterey, California by Rusty Pelican Restaurants in partnership with Paramount, the distributor of "Forrest Gump". The Bubba Gump restaurant is named after the film's characters Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue and Forrest Gump. In the film, Bubba suggested getting in the shrimping business and, ultimately, Forrest pursued the idea after Bubba's death in the Vietnam War.


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: In 1995, entrepreneur Anthony Zolezzi bought the rights to the name “Bubba Gump Shrimp Co.” from Paramount Pictures in an attempt to turn around a financially troubled seafood company, Meridian Products.


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. line of packaged shrimp products were sold in supermarkets across the US and in international markets. Zolezzi was approached by a friend in the seafood restaurant business about licensing the name. Zolezzi consulted with Paramount and the Rusty Pelican restaurant chain to launch the first Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurant in Monterey, California in 1996. Its success led to its franchising on an international scale.


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: In November 2010, Landry's, Inc. acquired Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. for an undisclosed amount. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. purchase also included a lone Rusty Pelican in Newport Beach, California. As a result the restaurant’s headquarters moved from Hollywood, California to Houston, Texas.


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: As the name implies, Bubba Gump Shrimp Co.'s menu consists mostly of shrimp dishes. It serves other seafood, as well as Southern and Cajun cuisine, as the characters of Forrest and Bubba were from Alabama. The restaurant offers dishes named after characters in the movie, like Jenny's Catch and the restaurant's bestseller Forrest's Seafood Feast. Restaurants display movie memorabilia throughout the restaurant. Guests can play "Forrest Gump" movie trivia and can signal their waiter with a “Stop, Forrest, Stop” sign. The mascot of the chain is a shrimp named Shrimp Louie.


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: In 2013, a former Bubba Gump employee claimed that the social media policy in the company's employee handbook had a restrictive effect on employees’ rights by prohibiting them from discussing their jobs online. In 2015, a National Labor Relations Board administrative law judge ruled that Bubba Gump did not violate employees’ rights as they did not explicitly prohibit employees from discussing job-related subjects, but only expected them to do so in a civil manner. There have been many cases in the last few years in which the National Labor Relations Board found companies social media policies to be overboard, and ruled in favor of the employee(s).


title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company

text: When actor Chris Pratt was 19, he was discovered while working as a waiter at the Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. in Maui, Hawaii. He waited on the table of actress/director Rae Dawn Chong, who had starred in one of Pratt's favorite films, "Commando" (1985). Chong offered Pratt a role in a short movie she was directing.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The Ford Expedition is a full-size three-row SUV, manufactured by Ford. Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition was the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body. For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing some body and mechanical components. The fourth-generation Ford Expedition began production for the 2018 model year. Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Since 1997, the Lincoln division has marketed the Ford Expedition as the Lincoln Navigator, the first full-size SUV sold by a luxury auto brand in North America (the Expedition was never sold as a Mercury). The third Ford vehicle to use the Expedition nameplate, the full-size SUV follows a 1992 F-150 Eddie Bauer concept vehicle and a 1995 trim level package on the two-door Ford Explorer Sport.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Prior to 2009, the Ford Expedition was assembled at the Michigan Assembly Plant in Wayne, Michigan (previously home to the Ford Bronco). After 2009, the Ford Expedition was moved to the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The Expedition offered up to nine-passenger seating in model years before 2007 (with a front bench seat option in the first row); 2007–present model year Expeditions have bucket seats in the first row and seats eight passengers. It was equipped with a standard V8 engine from October 1996 until 2014 when it was replaced with more compact, yet more efficient and powerful 3.5 L EcoBoost V6 for model year 2015. It is similar to the Lincoln Navigator, especially in "Limited" (2005–present) or "King Ranch" (2005–2017; 2020–present) high-end trims; both of which were introduced for the 2005 model year. With the 2011 model year, the base model was designated XL, an upgraded XLT, and new for 2011 XLT Premium that replaced the Eddie Bauer trim (1997–2010) which was phased out from the entire Ford vehicle lineup. As of 2010, over 1,545,241 Expeditions (both standard and EL/Max) have been sold. A modified "Special Service Vehicle" version is available for law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and emergency medical services.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The Ford Expedition is also known for being one of the longest-lasting vehicles on the road. With 5% of vehicles over 200K miles, it landed the #4 spot in a 2016 study by iSeeCars.com listing the top 10 longest-lasting vehicles. The Expedition was also the last Ford vehicle to retain its older design found in the early to mid 2000s. Meaning, all the way up to 2017, it kept its triangular-styled taillamps and rounded-rectangular shaped headlamps along with the overall boxy shape of the body.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Known internally at Ford as the UN93, the first generation Expedition was developed under the UN93 program from 1993 to 1996, headed by chief engineer Dale Claudepierre at a cost of US$1.3 billion. Initial planning began in 1991 parallel to PN96 F-Series development, prior to the UN93 program fully being approved in 1993. Styling approval was completed in early 1993 ( years ahead of 1996 production) under design chief Bob Aikins, with the UN93 design being frozen by September 1993, at 34 months prior to July 1996 production commencement.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The all-new full-size SUV was unveiled on May 9, 1996, and launched on October 2, 1996, as a 1997 model. It replaced the aging two-door Ford Bronco. The "XLT" was the base model. The Expedition featured optional three row seating, first row captains chair seating, available second row captains chair seating, leather seating surfaces, illuminated running boards, heated side view mirrors, power moon roof, dual zone climate control and Ford's Mach audio sound system with rear subwoofer. Many of these features were standard on the "Eddie Bauer" version.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Expedition was available with automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive with two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4406 transfer case and a center multi-disc differential. ControlTrac was introduced in 1995 and included four selectable modes: Two High, Auto, Four High (lock) and Four Low (lock). Two High mode and Auto mode with "auto-lock" was not available.


title: Ford Expedition

text: A short- & long-arm (SLA) independent front suspension with speed-sensitive power-assisted steering was combined with a multi-link rear live axle. Optional equipment included off-road under-body skid-plate protection, "Traction-Lok" rear limited-slip differential, and a heavy-duty trailer towing package.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Optional was an electronically controlled pneumatic air suspension system that would raise and lower the vehicle depending on road and load conditions. The system also included a kneel-down mode for easier ingress and egress, as well as loading cargo,


title: Ford Expedition

text: Standard was the 4.6 liter Triton V8 with the 5.4 liter version optional. The first generation Expedition was rated as a Low Emission Vehicle (LEV). The latter engine combined with the heavy-duty trailer towing package and appropriate axle ratio can achieve a towing capacity of .


title: Ford Expedition

text: A two air bag supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 2-way occupant protection was standard. The air bags would adjust deployment force depending on crash severity. Features included SecuriLock with smart key and engine immobilizer, security approach lamps, four-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS), side-intrusion door beams, post-crash fuel pump shut-off and three-point safety belts for all rows of seating with tension and locking retractors.


title: Ford Expedition

text: An optional four air bag SRS with 4-way occupant protection was available for the 2000–2002 model years. This included seat-mounted side torso side air bags.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The 2001 model introduced a BeltMinder system to detect when the driver did not have their safety belt secured.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. A new exterior color was added: Wedgewood Blue. Limited availability for 4.6 Windsor versus Romeo engine. This limited run was available only for Ultimate Tow Package.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The 1999 model year received a facelift similar to that of the 1999 model year Ford F-150. Included in the update was a new front grille which now dropped lower in the center, grille work, as well as a new front bumper that incorporated the fog lamps into the lower valance and larger center air intake. Both the 4.6 liter and 5.4 liter V8 engines received updates including more power and torque. The Two High mode for automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive equipped models was dropped, leaving only Auto, Four High (lock), and Four Low (lock) modes. The dashboard also received an updated radio and air conditioning controls and revised Gauge Cluster and a Digital Odometer for the first time.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Available features on 2000 models included a hidden radio antenna (integrated into the rear quarter panel window glass), Gentex auto dimming electrochromatic rearview mirrors, lane departure indicators on side view mirrors (before on the glass portion of the mirror). The lower front bumper valance and illuminated running boards were changed over to Arizona beige to complement the standard Arizona beige exterior body trim on Eddie Bauer models. "Estate Green Clearcoat Metallic" replaces "Spruce Green Clearcoat Metallic", and "Arizona Beige Metallic" replaces "Harvest Gold Clearcoat Metallic" in the color palette.


title: Ford Expedition

text: New trim packages included the "XLT" model. XLT versions could be optioned with the "XLT No Boundaries" package that included monochromatic black paintwork with chrome grille and special alloy wheels. Eddie Bauer versions could be optioned with the "Eddie Bauer Premier" package that included either monochromatic Arizona beige or solid black paintwork with painted alloy wheels and upgraded leather seating. A reverse sensing system was made optional.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the UN93. This was also the last model year for XLT No Boundaries and Eddie Bauer Premier trims.


title: Ford Expedition

text: This version of the Expedition is the Special Vehicle Team Thunder for the 2000 model year, this vehicle's top speed is . It was supposed to be in production by 2000, but since this generation of the Expedition had two model years left, it was discontinued.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The redesigned second-generation Expedition was developed under the U222 program code name from 1996 to 2002, under Ford chief vehicle engineer Steve von Foerster and chief program engineer John Krafcik from 1998 to 2002. Design work began in 1997, with a proposal by Tyler Blake being chosen by management and frozen for production in 1999. UN93-body mules were spotted testing in 2000, with full prototypes running from late 2000. The new Expedition was unveiled at the 2002 North American International Auto Show, in January. It was launched in May 2002 for the 2003 model year and featured a new four-wheel independent long-travel suspension system, becoming the first full-size sport utility vehicle to use a fully independent suspension.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The new independent rear suspension (IRS) was perceived as being controversial by some at the time of its introduction. A misconception was that the Expedition's towing and off-road capabilities would be reduced, in comparison to the previous generation's rear live axle. Nevertheless, underbody obstacle clearance improved by half an inch, and up to two inches under the axle differentials. The new suspension reduces rear unsprung mass by , and allows for a full of suspension travel (how much the wheels can travel up or down) improving its ability to traverse uneven terrain for improved control and ride quality. The four-wheel independent long-travel suspension itself is a purpose-built version of race suspensions found on off-road desert race vehicles.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Towing capacity increased by for a high towing capacity of when properly equipped with the appropriate axle ratio and heavy-duty trailer towing package. Payload capacity was increased up to . Expedition also gained a hydroformed fully boxed frame providing a 70 percent improvement in torsional stiffness. Heavy Towing versions received a heavy duty 9.75" Rear Differential and Axle combination compared to the 8.8" of the standard version.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Along with the high towing capability came all-new steering, braking and electronic systems to help the Expedition better control and maneuver long heavy trailers. Adaptive variable assist power rack-and-pinion steering was introduced along with the largest brake rotors in the segment at that time ( up front, in back) with brake calipers 100 percent stiffer than the previous generation Expedition. The four-speed "4R70W" automatic transmission received all-new control software to allow the transmission to automatically adjust to the demands of towing, using new computer logic that recognizes changes in load and road conditions.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive system remained available, with an uprated two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4416 transfer case. The new transfer case featured an updated intelligent locking center multi-disc differential with front-to-rear "torque biasing" capability in Auto mode. A new dedicated microprocessor with new control software was added allowing the system to detect different terrain and surface conditions to predict traction loss before it happens. Two High mode was also reintroduced. Four-wheel electronic traction control was now available as an option, and simulated "front" and "rear" differential locks.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The V8 engines offered on the previous generation were carried over, but not without major changes and improvements. Both the 4.6 and 5.4-liter Triton V8 engines received further refinements in design and overall efficiency. Expedition qualified as an Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) and was certified under the Environmental Protection Agency Tier 2 regulations one year earlier than required. The 4.6-liter engine received an all-new redesigned cast aluminium engine block optimized for weight reduction and NVH improvements. The 5.4-liter engine received an all-new redesigned cast-iron engine block with computer designed ribbing and bracing, along with thicker side skirts and reinforcement at the oil pan flange. The new engine block helped reduce engine vibration and unwanted noise while providing refined performance.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Both engines featured piston skirts coated with a teflon-based friction-reducing material, and fitted with low-tension, low oil consumption rings. In addition, a new fail-safe cooling mode provided protection even in the case of a catastrophic coolant loss (such as a punctured radiator). In the event of coolant loss, the engine control unit shuts off fuel to alternate cylinders to reduce the risk of engine damage from overheating. The valves continue to operate, in order to pump cooling air through the cylinders. The cooling system was designed to maintain an ideal engine temperature even when subjected to a prolonged 15 percent gradient in weather. A returnless fuel supply system helped to reduce evaporative emissions by providing consistent pressure to the fuel injectors through a high-pressure pump.


title: Ford Expedition

text: New active hydraulic engine mounts were introduced to prevent the powertrain from inducing vibrations into the chassis. By optimizing these engine mounts, the engine block can act as a mass damper, absorbing chassis resonance, improving ride comfort.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Expedition's passenger cabin was better sealed than before, in an effort to eliminate intrusive outside noise from reaching the occupants. Wind, powertrain, road and vehicle body noise was reduced by improving interior acoustics through new damping materials, a total of 10 shear-style isolating body mounts, heavier sealing of body and panels, redesigned rubber door seals, and extensive use of interior structural acoustic foam in the upper B-pillars, upper and lower D-pillars and floor pan. Road noise was reduced by 2 decibels, body air leakage reduced by 56 percent, chances for sealant noise disturbances reduced from 15 percent to less than 0.5 percent and wind noise measured at was reduced from 35 sones to a world class level of 29 sones.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The Expedition also received a thorough exterior and interior cosmetic redesign. Expedition featured an all-new front fascia, grille work, headlamps, body trim, rear fascia, tail lamps and liftgate. Interior fit and finish were improved with an all-new interior featuring new dash, door panels, genuine aluminium trim, and plush carpeting. Premium perforated leather seating surfaces were standard on Expedition "Eddie Bauer" (optional on Expedition "XLT"). Expedition "FX4" models featured all of Expedition's optional off-road equipment as standard equipment. Expedition's drag coefficient was 0.41 Cd.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Three-row seating was standard with all-new manual fold-flat stow away third row seats. No longer did owners have to remove the third rows seats for more storage. The third row could simply "disappear" into the floor. Power assisted PowerFold fold-flat third row seating was available as an optional extra. Available features included in-dash CD-ROM based navigation system, DVD based rear entertainment system, ultrasonic rear park assist/back up sensors, power moon roof, power adjustable accelerator and brake pedals (introduced on the first generation Expedition), Gentex auto dimming electrochromatic rear view mirror, turn signals, side marker lights and reflectors, second-row captain's chair luxury seating, premium audiophile sound system with in-dash six-disc CD changer and rear subwoofer and four-wheel independent pneumatic air-ride suspension system.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Like the generation before, a two airbags supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 2-way occupant protection was standard on Expedition. The dual front SRS air bags now included the Personal Safety System (PSS). PSS would tailor air bag deployment for driver and first passenger and included occupant classification, seat position, crash severity, safety belt pretensioner, load-limiting retractor and safety belt buckle usage sensors.


title: Ford Expedition

text: A new optional four-air-bag supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 6-way occupant protection was also available. This new air bag system included "SafetyCanopy" dual side curtain air bags for head, upper torso and rollover protection. SafetyCanopy would deploy along the A, B and C-pillars down to the vehicle's beltline. SafetyCanopy could remain inflated after deployment for extended protection and replaced the dual front side airbags featured on the first-generation Expedition.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Other features included side-intrusion door beams, security approach lamps, SecuriLock with smart key and engine immobilizer, BeltMinder, three-point safety belts for all rows of seating, post-crash fuel pump shut-off, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) and four-wheel, four-sensor, four-channel anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) and emergency brake assist (EBA). "AdvanceTrac" electronic stability control with traction control system was introduced as an optional extra. The electronic traction and stability mitigation system would expand to include "roll stability control" (RSC) for the 2005 model year.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Before the 2003 model year ended, Ford updated the running boards on Expeditions equipped with the Eddie Bauer trim. Earlier in the model year, Eddie Bauer models had received standard black running boards. Toward the end of the model year, Arizona beige running boards were reintroduced to complement the Arizona beige body work which came standard on Eddie Bauer. Body colored running boards had previously been offered on the first-generation Expedition from 2000 to 2002.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. The Expedition "Eddie Bauer Premier" model is reintroduced after being absent from the 2003 model trim line-up. Monochromatic paint work with blacked-out headlamps and special alloy wheels were standard on Eddie Bauer Premier versions. A new Expedition "XLT Sport" model is added with Dark Shadow grey exterior body trim. The "FX4" trim level was renamed "NBX".


title: Ford Expedition

text: Expedition received new roof rails which replaced the traditional sliding cross-bar roof racks. A new high end "Limited" trim level replaced the Eddie Bauer Premier model (though the regular Eddie Bauer was still available) and featured chrome accented roof rails, chrome-clad aluminium wheels, PowerFold power assisted stowable side view mirrors and chrome tipped exhaust. An upper high end "King Ranch" trim level with Castano leather seating was also introduced. The base 4.6 liter Triton V8 engine was dropped for the 2005 model year as the 5.4-liter Triton V8 was made standard on all Expeditions and updated with 24-valve technology and variable valve timing. Along with the 2005 model V8 engine update, the Expedition also received a significantly updated version of the four-speed 4R70W automatic transmission.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The new four-speed automatic transmission, now called "4R75E", featured fully electronic Smart Shift technology. A turbine speed sensor improved transmission control and provided the basis for the fully electronic shift scheduling. The transmission's microprocessor speeds were improved for better responsiveness and precision of the control system. The transmission was continuously learning, and would calculate the torque in the next gear and schedule shift points based on the Expedition's projected performance in the next gear. For 2005 model Expeditions the 4R75E transmission is designated by the letter "B" on the manufacturers safety compliance certification label, located in the driver's-side doorjamb. For 2006 model Expeditions, the 4R75E transmission is designated by the letter "Q".


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the U222. The Gentex auto dimming rear view mirrors were updated. Two new exterior colors were added later on within the model year. They were Pewter metallic and Dark Copper metallic. Medium Flint grey interior was also added to Limited models later on within the model year. Chrome tipped exhaust was made standard on King Ranch models. 2006 would be the last year model for the NBX trim. The ultrasonic rear park assist and SafetyCanopy side curtain airbags were offered as standalone options. Adjustable headrests were also added to the front seats to replace the one piece units.


title: Ford Expedition

text: On April 12, 2006, three second-generation full-size Ford Expedition "Eddie Bauer" vehicles completed a 32-day overland expedition. This was a trip across North Asia and the Arctic Tundra. Six team members consisted of leaders, Alexey Mikhailov and Alexander Borodin, technical director, Andrey Rodionov, and professional off-road drivers,: Sergey Goryachev, Victor Parshikov, and Alexey Simakin. The route took them on permafrost and crossed the Arctic Circle twice. Visited landmarks included where American aviator Carl Ben Eielson was lost, and the birthplace of Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev. The northernmost point on the route was latitude 69°42′ North (Pevek). The easternmost point visited was longitude 169°40′ West (Cape Dezhnev). Temperatures reached and the team encountered whiteouts and a polar cyclone. An estimated of snow was removed from each of the vehicles on the following day.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The vehicles were modified with front end guards along with front and rear utility bumpers, winches, safari roof racks, high-powered off-road lights and extra underbody plating for the engines. Two of the vehicles towed a dual axle utility trailer. Two were equipped also with caterpillar track systems supplied by Mattracks. The rubber track systems were only used when off-road conditions became too demanding for conventional tires. The rear stabilizer bar failed on both vehicles fitted with the Mattracks system. The vehicles were also equipped with gas stoves (to prepare food) and high-capacity auxiliary fuel tanks (mounted in the rear cargo bay) and sometimes run on poor-quality gasoline.


title: Ford Expedition

text: In 2006, Ford introduced the third generation of the Expedition developed under the U324 program code name which was an updated version of the second generation Expedition, now using a new ladder frame architecture called T1, an evolution of 11th generation P221 F-150 architecture. Most of the improvements were mechanical in nature, and included a sheet metal refresh and redesigned interior with upgraded materials, as well as a new long wheelbase version, called "Expedition EL" in the U.S. and "Expedition Max" in other markets.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The high-strength hydroformed fully boxed Ford T platform (chassis) was a modified version of the half-ton platform from the Ford F-150. The new T1 platform replaced the one dating to the original model, and provides 10 percent more torsional rigidity. T1 incorporates a four-wheel independent long-travel suspension system (first introduced on the second generation) with redesigned suspension geometry and an all-new five-link rear suspension with new rear lower control-arms. As with previous model years, the suspension system could be had with adaptive pneumatic air-ride springs.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Ford's new 6-speed "6R75" intelligent automatic transmission with dual overdrive gears was introduced. The transmission featured push-button overdrive lock-out, electronic shift scheduling, adaptive shift algorithms and a mechatronic transmission control module (TCM) that would save adaptive shift data in keep alive memory (KAM). This safeguarded against complete data loss in case of a power failure (such as disconnecting the battery). In the event of a power failure, the mechatronic unit would simply read the last saved data entry from the system's memory, thus, the transmission did not have to completely relearn the owner's driving style.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Additionally, the Expedition is powered by the same 5.4 liter Triton V8 engine from the previous generation, rated at and of torque. When properly equipped with the heavy-duty trailer towing package, it can tow up to . Expedition is classed under the Tier 2, Bin 5 / ULEV 2 Ultra Low Emission Vehicle environmental classification.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Off-road geometry figures for approach, departure and ramp breakover angles are 22°, 21° and 18° respectively. Minimum running (lowest point) ground clearance is . Underbody (overall) ground clearance is 9.1 inches (230 mm).


title: Ford Expedition

text: Selectable automatic full-time Control Trac four-wheel drive continues to be offered, and uses a two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4417 transfer case with intelligent locking center multi-disc differential and "torque biasing" capability. Four-wheel electronic traction control is standard and off-road underbody skid plate armor is optional. A new default off-road program with throttle response recalibration was added, and is automatically activated when Four Low (lock) mode is selected. Expedition can achieve an off-road crawl ratio of 41.06:1 with a low range ratio of 2.64:1 and rear axle ratio of 3.73:1.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The SUV also underwent a nip/tuck with a few cosmetic enhancements, both inside and out. Expedition's front end now featured Ford's signature three "hollow-bar" grille to complement the SUV' close relation to the F-150 and Super Duty pickups. New complex stepped style multifaceted headlamps, side view mirrors with updated LED lane departure indicators, sleeker body work and redesigned tail lamps were also added. The interior received a new dash, which would eventually appear on the 2008 Super Duty, new center console, and redesigned first row captains chairs, door panels and interior trim.


title: Ford Expedition

text: To further reduce outside noise intrusion for quieter, more isolated ride comfort, new SoundScreen laminated acoustic and solar tinted windshield was added with thicker laminated side window glass.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The new SUV was unveiled at the Houston Auto Show rather than at the North American International Auto Show, the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, or the New York International Auto Show where most new models are, as 20 percent of all Expedition sales are in Texas. The third generation Expedition went on sale in August 2006. The first 2007 Expedition to roll off a Ford assembly line was donated by Ford to the Peter family of Jamaica, Queens, New York as part of an episode of the American Broadcasting Company series "" that aired May 7, 2006.


title: Ford Expedition

text: In late 2014, the third generation standard wheelbase U324 Expedition and long-wheelbase U354 Expedition EL/Max underwent a cosmetic and mechanical refresh for the 2015 model year.


title: Ford Expedition

text: For the 2008 model year, power deployable running boards became available, along with a rear view camera. The camera, which is mounted under the Expedition's center liftgate appliqué, utilizes the Gentex auto dimming rear view mirror's picture-in-mirror technology to display what it sees. Expedition "King Ranch" was also reintroduced after being absent from the 2007 model year trim line-up. Expedition "XLT" models now get body colored lower body work, replacing the previous black plastic trim, and 2008 was the last year first row bench seating was available.


title: Ford Expedition

text: In July 2008, Ford's Wayne, Michigan plant started production of the 2009 models until finishing the plants run in December of that same year. In January 2009 production of the Expedition was relocated to the Kentucky Truck Assembly in Louisville along with its sister SUV, the Lincoln Navigator, and the Ford F-Series Super Duty. That plant used to build the Ford Excursion until 2005.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Expedition's 6-speed 6R75 automatic was replaced by an improved version, the 6-speed 6R80 automatic. 6R80 features more robust internals, new software logic and a tow/haul mode (replaces the overdrive lock-out) that utilizes new uphill/downhill gradient shift logic for improved performance while towing or hauling heavy loads. The 6-speed automatic can compensate for altitude, grade/slope and present load conditions. The system also reduces the transmission's tendency to "hunt" for the right gear(s) and provides engine braking when descending hills. The nine-passenger front bench seating option has been discontinued for the 2009 model year, leaving only the eight-passenger seating option left with two front bucket seats and two rear bench seats. The chrome "Expedition" name plate badges have been removed from the left and right front doors. The chrome "Expedition" nameplate badge on the rear liftgate remains.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Additional features included the now standard FlexFuel capability, which can take gasoline, E85 (85% ethanol/15% gasoline), or any combination of the two, and the newly installed EasyFuel capless fuel-filler system. The 5.4 liter V8/FlexFuel feature also upgraded its power to , while the torque rating stayed the same at . The 2009 model year also boosted its maximum towing capacity to for the 4x2 version, and up to for the 4x4 version.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The new entertainment features added to the 2009 model year included the optional Ford SYNC, and an all-new DVD-based voice-activated, multi-entertainment/navigational system with liquid crystal touch display. The rearview camera system is now integrated to show the video feed through the navigation screen instead for the rearview mirror, however, the rearview mirror is still used to show images on Expeditions not equipped with the navigation system. The new navigation system features up to 10 gigabytes of storage space for more than 2400 songs, a jukebox function, a screened photo display, iPod/Zune capability for downloading and recharging, ripping CDs, and integrated compatibility for cellphones and Bluetooth; the newly compatible Sirius Travel Link, which allow drivers to access traffic, weather, sports, and local movie listings; and a "Route Guidance" mode for road and street information. The steering wheel also has a tilt feature and radio controls, including Ford SYNC buttons, allowing the driver to press the button and use voice commands to activate the system, which became standard on Eddie Bauer, Limited, and King Ranch. The tilt w/radio control feature was optional on the XLT during its Wayne plant built orders, but after production moved to Louisville it became standard. For accessory purposes, a HD radio can be installed upon request at a Ford dealership in the United States. New for 2009 were standard heated second row outboard seats on the Limited and King Ranch models only with either the second row bench seat or the optional bucket seats.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. For the 2010 model year optional packages have now been renamed (to Rapid Specificated Order Codes) and upgraded (100s for XLT, 200s for Eddie Bauer, 300s for Limited, 400s for King Ranch) for the newer models. It has also announced that the 2010 models will now feature Ford's MyKey and trailer sway control as a standard on all trims. The 2010 models were ranked 6th among the top 11 affordable large-size SUVs in "U.S. News & World Report". A diesel version for the 2010 model year did not get past the planning stage. Rain-sensing windshield wipers were added as an optional extra for Eddie Bauer, but standard on the Limited and King Ranch versions.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. HD Radio became a standard on all trims, and a dual DVD system that placed at the headrest area became an optional feature. Another change that was made was in the entry-level trim department, with the Expedition offering the newly designated standard XL entry level with lower black cladding, while the XLT level trim was upgraded along with a new XLT Premium trim with gold cladding, replacing the Eddie Bauer level trim. Also, silver cladding was added as an exterior trim as part of a newly optional XLT Premium Sport Appearance Package. Both Limited and King Ranch trims receive new paint and interior trim. The limited trim also has a chrome grille for a change.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. The second row heated seats option was added to XLT Premium and the front park assists became a standard feature on the Limited and King Ranch trims.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic changes; however the XL trim and XLT Sport options were dropped , leaving only the XLT, XLT Premium, Limited, and King Ranch trims. Updates made to the 2013 models (which went on sale in August 2012) included the TowCommand trailer brake controller system that is bundled with the heavy-duty trailer towing package, a new internal shift control module which allows the six-speed automatic transmission to tailor shifts to engine demand, 10 equipment levels, three new colors (Blue Jeans Metallic, Kodiak Brown Metallic and Ruby Red Metallic Tinted Clearcoat), and a new 20-inch chrome-clad aluminum wheels that was available on both the "Limited" and "King Ranch" trims. The latter trim also featured chrome roof racks and side mirrors. Another notable change can be found on the driver's instrumental panel, with the temperature and fuel gauge trading sides.


title: Ford Expedition

text: No major cosmetic changes. Only three trims, XLT, Limited and King Ranch are offered. The Sirius XM with Navlink and HD radio is added to the XLT as an optional feature. A new, quieter, mechanical Nivomat adaptive hydraulic load-leveling suspension system is available, in place of the adaptive pneumatic air-ride load-leveling suspension. When properly equipped the Expedition continues to offer top-end towing capability with a braked trailer towing capacity of .


title: Ford Expedition

text: On February 18, 2014, Ford introduced a mid-cycle refresh of the Expedition (U324) and Expedition EL (U354), dubbed the U3242 and U3542 respectively, for the 2015 model year. The "2" signifying the second phase of the U324 and U354. The debut was at the Dallas-Fort Worth Auto Show on February 19, 2014; because Texas (especially Dallas and Houston) is an important market. Despite a 27% drop in sales since 2008, Ford is committed to continuing producing the Expeditions. Ford started production on the updated Expedition (and Expedition EL, which will continue to compete with the Suburban and Yukon XL) around the first quarter of 2014 and placed the 2015 models in dealerships in July 2014. Ford announced that the three level trims, XLT, Limited, and King Ranch, will continue to be offered along with a new top-of-the-line Platinum trim. On September 12, 2013, (which was the same day that GM unveiled their next generation SUVs), Automobile Magazine posted a spy shot of the 2015 Expedition, which showed a repositioned tailpipe, and a more upright front fascia which bore a taller, wider grille that appeared inspired by the F-150 and Ford F-Series Super Duty trucks.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Official photos released on February 18, 2014, revealed an all-new aggressive armadillo-like three-bar grille, which features step-stacked bars that evoke the appearance of stepped armor-plating on an armadillo's back. All-new thinner headlamps were added, in addition to an all-new front bumper with oversized lower air intake. The new bumper also features a lower chrome bar and twin LED fog lamps that flank the chrome bar. Brightwork was added on the rear liftgate; and the tailpipe was repositioned straight, instead of making a 90 degree turn behind the right rear wheel.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Expedition remained a body-on-frame (BOF), allowing the SUV to retain its heavy-duty truck underpinnings for towing and hauling needs.<ref name="https://www.motoring2.com"></ref> The full-size SUV received the 3.5 liter 24-valve DOHC Ti-VCT EcoBoost V6 engine which features an aluminium engine block, twin-turbochargers, direct injection, and twin independent variable camshaft timing. Power output for the EcoBoost V6 will be rated around 365 horsepower and 420 lb-ft of torque, and will be the only engine featured, dropping the 5.4 liter V8 that was available in the 2007–2014 models due to Ford wanting to make the Expedition more fuel efficient. Despite the changeover from V8 to V6, the Expedition did boost its fuel economy to (city)/ (highway) for the 2WD and (city)/ (highway) for the 4WD, but it is now on par with the GM large-size SUVs, which also boasts the same MPGs as the Expedition. In addition to the new engine, Expedition received an updated 6-speed 6R80 SelectShift intelligent manumatic gearbox with manual shift mode. Expedition also features a new electric power servo-assisted steering and Pull-Drift Compensation (PDC) which detects crosswinds and compensates for it.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The interior remained similar to the outgoing models, but with upgraded materials and a revised prominent center stack, now derived from the 2009-2014 F-150 rather than the 2008-2010 Super Duty. Also new is the latest version of the 8-inch MyFord Touch touchscreen infotainment and telematics system. Push-to-start engine ignition with intelligent access was added and the four-wheel drive mode selector (for models with 4x4) was revised and repositioned. The TowCommand paddle controls were repositioned over the four-wheel drive mode selector, to make way for revised audio and climate controls on the center stack.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The new features for 2015 included an optional, revised four-wheel independent suspension system with intelligent continuously controlled damping (CCD) system that alters suspension settings constantly based on 46 parameters and offers comfort, normal, and sport modes. Expedition is the first Ford vehicle in North America to have continuously controlled damping. Other new optional features includes blind-spot information system (BLIS) with cross-traffic alert, and a rearview camera and apps for the infotainment system to help with towing and off-road driving, all of which is standard in the Platinum trim, whose seating and interior features include Brunello leather, a red wine color with tuxedo-stripe accents and French seamed stitching, or black leather with Agate Gray accents.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The selectable automatic full-time "ControlTrac" four-wheel drive system continues to be offered, but gains a trio of new off-road electronic systems in the form of Hill Ascent Assist (HAA), Hill Descent Control (HDC), and Ford Truck Apps (FTA). FTA gives off-road orientation/geometry, 4x4 system status, and traction control system status in real-time. The four-wheel electronic traction control system (brake differential locking control) was recalibrated to take into account the new EcoBoost V6's higher torque output and earlier torque delivery.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The heavyweight as tested, 2015 Expedition "Platinum" with 3.5 liter EcoBoost V6 and selectable automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive was clocked from in 6.4 seconds. The full-size SUV can clip in 18.2 seconds, in 24.3 seconds, and is electronically safety-limited to . Expedition has a near perfect 50:50 front:rear balanced weight distribution and center of gravity positioned at 28.5 inches.


title: Ford Expedition

text: Expedition "Platinum" averaged in a slalom run and pulled 0.78g in roadholding skidpad testing. High speed emergency braking from was completed in . In comparison, the Expedition's main rival took a full longer, completing the same emergency brake test in .


title: Ford Expedition

text: For the 2016 model year, most of the features that were introduced from 2015 were carried over. However, the Expedition began adding Ford's upgraded enhanced SYNC3 to its trims, as an optional feature on the XLT and standard on Limited, King Ranch and Platinum. The Limited added Sony's Premium Audio System as a standard.


title: Ford Expedition

text: In June 2016, Ford began selling the 2017 model year Expedition, with no major changes being made and continued to be offered in XLT, Limited, King Ranch, and Platinum level trims. This is the final year of the third generation Expedition and Expedition EL (U324) and (U354).


title: Ford Expedition

text: The fourth-generation Expedition, known internally at Ford Motor Company as the "U553", was unveiled on February 7, 2017, at the Dallas Cowboys training facility, Ford Center in Frisco, Texas, ahead of its Chicago Auto Show debut. Production of the new Expedition started on September 25, 2017. The vehicles arrived at dealerships in November 2017.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The all-new Expedition features body-on-frame (BOF) architecture with high-strength lightweight material construction consisting of boron steel and aluminum. The four-door body is constructed from aluminium-alloy, while the frame is constructed from boron steel. The U553 will move to the all-new half-ton hydroformed T3 platform (chassis), which is a modified version of the half-ton platform underpinning the P552 2015 Ford F-150. The T3 platform will use a new four-wheel independent suspension system design. Updated powertrain systems (engines and transmissions) including a Hybrid variant with proprietary parallel hybrid electric-drive system to help increase fuel efficiency are expected. Expedition will gain Ford's new 10-speed "10R80" "SelectShift" automatic transmission which will feature artificially intelligent shifting, electronic range select, manual shift mode, and be controlled via a rotary dial on the center console. The next-generation Expedition's chief engineer is Jackie Marshall DiMarco, who is also the chief engineer for the next-generation F-150 pickup.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The Expedition is one of the first vehicles in North America to use a new next-generation high speed Controller Area Network 3 (CAN-3) vehicle data bus system. The CAN-3 electrical architecture is akin to a human nervous system and allows the Expedition's various on-board microprocessors and electronic vehicle control systems to communicate or "talk" to one another through electronic data that is sent and received. With high speed CAN-3, the Expedition can learn and react faster than before.


title: Ford Expedition

text: The Expedition is available with selectable automatic full-time four-wheel drive that routes torque through a two-speed dual range transfer case with electronic locking center multi-disc differential. A new electronic locking rear differential is available to augment the 4x4 system. Both the center and rear locking systems are teamed with four-wheel electronic traction control (ETC), which simulates a locking front differential by ABS "brake locking" the front differential. The Expedition's off-road electronic aids Hill Descent Control (HDC) and Hill Ascent Assist (HAA) are joined by the Terrain Management System adapted from the Ford Raptor. Terrain Management is capable of working with 4L mode, like the Ford Raptor, and has seven drive modes to choose from which include Normal, Eco, Sport, Tow/Haul, Gravel/Snow, Mud/Ruts, and Sand. The four-wheel drive system has three direct drive modes which include 2H, 4A, and 4L. The 4H mode has been dropped from the selection, as the Terrain Management computer now controls the electronic center lock of the four-wheel drive system. Terrain Management engages the electronic center lock for a 50:50 front:rear torque split while in 4A direct drive mode, when the Mud/Ruts or Sand modes are selected. The 4L direct drive mode engages the electronic center lock regardless of the off-road drive mode selected. A "tap to lock/unlock" button is located near the drive mode dial for operation of the electronic rear lock.