title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: Voters in several voting precincts complained about the ordeal and many of them exceeded the allotted voting time during election day due to the delays and malfunctions of the machine. Many were told to leave their ballots, with some requiring to sign a waiver, to the precinct director for them to scan it themselves resulting to the dismay of the voters with many rejecting the offer. Some ballots which were successfully entered into the VCMs before were reportedly not counted after the machine broke down requiring a designated technician to repair or replace it. The COMELEC then ordered a temporary time extension for the precincts encountering the problem.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: According to national security adviser Hermogenes Esperon Jr., there were more than 20,000 attempts to hack the VCMs' system and attempts of automated fraud but all were refuted. Esperon Jr. also noted that of the numbers of malfunctioned VCMs, it did not reach one percent of the total number of VCMs that were used during the elections hence signifying that the system is effective nonetheless.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines (ICHRP), a global human rights group, in its final report released online in June, said the May 2022 elections failed to meet the standards of "free, honest, and fair" voting citing reports of incidents of human rights violations and fraud. ICHRP recommended the restructuring of the COMELEC and replacing vote-counting machines for future elections.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: Campaigning for nationally elected positions began on February 8. The commission, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, prohibited entering houses, kissing and hugging voters, and taking selfies with voters. Campaigns should also get an approval from the local elections office before they are allowed to actually campaign. The commission also set up a Facebook page for its e-rallies, allowing candidates and parties a limited time to campaign. With most of the country being placed in Alert Level 1, the commission recalibrated its rules on March 16, increasing the capacity for venues and removing the need for permits for localities in levels 1 and 2.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The commission, as mandated by the Fair Elections Act, also banned campaign paraphernalia outside the common poster areas in every locality, in public spaces, and in private property without the owner's consent.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The Philippine National Police started its "Oplan Baklas" () on the first day of campaigning. The Leni Robredo presidential campaign, citing the arbitrary application of the law, were considering legal action on the actions of the authorities, as they removed campaign materials on private properties. This followed the removal of their campaign materials from their media center in Quezon City, and from their Santiago, Isabela campaign headquarters. Interior Secretary Eduardo Año defended their actions, saying that private property owners were first notified of the violations before the campaign materials were removed. 1Sambayan cited "Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC" Supreme Court case, where "COMELEC (has) no legal basis to regulate expressions made by private citizens." On March 8, the Supreme Court issued a restraining order against the operation.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: Immediately one day after the elections, the MMDA and several LGUs conducted a widespread enforcement of removing campaign posters and electoral paraphernalia. Schools and government establishments with nearby posters were prioritized for clearance for the incoming face-to-face classes.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The Commission on Elections published that there would be 18,180 posts up for election, including the 80 seats that would have been disputed in the Bangsamoro Parliament. The commission then announced that there will be 18,100 posts up, with a total of 47,853 candidates running across all posts.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: Voting for overseas absentee voting began on April 10 and ended on May 9, election day in the Philippines. About 1.6 million were registered voters outside the country.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The commission will declare the winners for all positions, except for president and vice president, where Congress will declare the results.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The presidential election will determine the successor of Rodrigo Duterte. Duterte is term-limited and thus cannot run for president. The Commission on Elections released the official list of candidates on January 18, 2022, with 10 candidates listed on the final ballot.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: The vice presidential election will determine the successor of Leni Robredo. Robredo is eligible to run for a second term but decided to run for president. The Commission on Elections released the official list of candidates on January 18, 2022. There were nine candidates on the ballot.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: Sara Duterte, daughter of outgoing president Rodrigo Duterte, was elected with over 32 million votes.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: One half of the membership or 12 of 24 seats in the Senate, or those last contested in 2016, are up for election. Those elected in 2019 will be joined by the winners of this election to serve in the 19th Congress. There are 178 people who filed up to run for a Senate seat. The 64 names were included in the ballot.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: Among the senators-elect, four were reelected, five are returning to the Senate, and three, including top-notcher Robin Padilla are neophytes. Juan Miguel Zubiri was elected Senate President.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: All 316 seats in the House of Representatives will be up for election, an increase of 12 seats from the outgoing 18th Congress. There are now 253 congressional districts, each electing one representative, and 63 seats elected via the party-list system on a nationwide vote. There were 733 people who filed to run for Congress.


title: 2022 Philippine general election

text: After the election, allies of president-elect Bongbong Marcos are seen to be the supermajority in the House of Representatives. Martin Romauldez, a cousin of Marcos, was subsequently elected Speaker.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: "What's Up?" is a song by American rock group 4 Non Blondes, released as the second single from their 1992 debut album, "Bigger, Better, Faster, More!". It has gained popularity in the United States and in several European countries, peaking at number one in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: The song had its origins well before 4 Non Blondes were formed. During the time when the two were struggling musicians in San Francisco, Third Eye Blind frontman Stephan Jenkins recalled sitting in a room with Linda Perry, who worked as a waitress down the street, performing their original compositions to one another. The two played each other early versions of "Semi-Charmed Life" and "What's Up?", both of which would become massive hits for their respective bands. It would be decades later that Jenkins realized the songs performed in that private session would sell a combined 17 million records.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: The title does not appear in the song's lyrics, but the phrase "what's going on?" is prominently included in the chorus. Perry told "Rolling Stone" that she heavily disliked the song's production. Perry revealed on "Behind the Music" that she hated David Tickle's reworked version (with different lyrics) intended to be used for their album. She had told this to Jimmy Iovine, who agreed, preferring Perry's demo version over Tickle's. Tickle's instrumental (over the original vocals) could be heard on Perry's episode of "Behind the Music"; Tickle's version was never released. The final version was recorded in one day after Iovine allowed 4 Non Blondes to re-record Perry's demo version. The music video was directed by Morgan Lawley. During an interview with "Tape Op" magazine, Perry said:


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: "The producer (David Tickle) had no sense of what the song was. I went to the label and said 'This song sucks. This is not the song I wrote.' I grabbed the band during a break and we went to The Record Plant in Sausalito. I started moving things around. I was in the middle of vocals when David Tickle showed up. I was annoyed...we were already done with the frigging song. We comped the vocal and mixed it that night... That is the version that blew up all over the world. I've told the story enough that people know that David Tickle did not produce that song. It was me."


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: Bill Lamb from About.com said that the song "seemingly appeared out of nowhere, becoming a neo-folkie hit first on modern rock radio stations and then on the pop charts. Although it only reached number 11, it has been a radio fixture ever since." AllMusic editor Tom Demalon described it as a "massive, neo-hippie anthem" in his review of the "Bigger, Better, Faster, More!" album. Rolf Edmund Lund from Norwegian newspaper "Altaposten" complimented Perry's voice as "incredibly good". Larry Flick from "Billboard" wrote that "gymnastic vocals, leaping from a breathy, high range, to gravelly, bar-rock blues in a single passage, front this straightforward, heartfelt rocker. Treads the line between album rock and modern rock, with the piano version favoring the former." Tom Sinclair from "Entertainment Weekly" described the song as "funky" and added that it "is only one of the goodies in the Blondes' musical grab bag". Music writer James Masterton viewed it as "a wonderful piece of laid back summer rock (well, almost)".


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: Pan-European magazine "Music & Media" stated that it is a "strong composition", where the lyrics "are done more than justice by Linda Perry's impressive vocal touch." A reviewer from the magazine commented, "Toni Childs backed by a rock band playing Bobbie McFerrin's Don't Worry, Be Happy comes closest as a description." Alan Jones from "Music Week" said it is "charming" and "easily the best track" of the album. R.S. Murthi from "New Straits Times" called it "anthemic" and added that it "is probably one of the simplest and catchiest pop songs to be produced in recent times." Carmen von Rohr from "Rome News-Tribune" noted "the amazingly down-to earth common sense lyrics" of "What's Up?" and added that Linda Perry "sings in her rich, soulful voice about the frustrations she feels as she tries to adjust to her place in the universe." A reviewer from "Sunday Life" wrote that the song is "naggingly memorable". Ronny Johansen from "Troms Folkeblad" commented, "What a wonderful use of voice and what an irresistible song!"


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: Some critics disliked "What's Up?" Songwriters Carl Barât and Stuart Braithwaite named the song the worst ever. Dean Ween said: "It's as bad as music gets…. Everything about the song is so awful that if I sat down and tried to write the worst song ever, I couldn't even make it 10 percent of the reality of how awful that song is." Tara Dublin in "The Huffington Post" wrote that it is "without question, the worst song of the 1990s".


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: "What's Up?" was ranked number 94 on VH1's "100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders" and number 86 on the MuchMore "The Top 100 One Hit Wonders".


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: The recording received considerable airplay success. It reached number 14 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and went gold, but peaked higher in many other countries, reaching number one in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland while reaching number two in the United Kingdom and Australia.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: A music video was produced to promote the single. It was directed by American film director Morgan Lawley and features the band, dressed in punk clothing, performing the song as they stand in a living room set decorated with paintings. In between, there is footage of the band in a park and a playground. The video was nominated for the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards in the category for Best Alternative Video. The video was published on YouTube in February 2011. It has amassed over 1 billion views as of September 2021.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: Italian disc jockey DJ Miko covered the song as a dance track in 1993 (retitled without the question mark) with vocals provided by British singer Louise Gard. Although the song was released as a stand-alone single, it later appeared on DJ Miko's sole album, "The Last Millennium", in 1999. DJ Miko's version was a modest hit in Europe in late 1993 and early 1994, reaching number 5 in Italy and Spain, number 13 in Finland, and number 17 in Sweden.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: The cover was released worldwide in mid-1994, peaking at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart and number 8 on the Irish Singles Chart. On the Eurochart Hot 100, "What's Up" reached number 21. In the United States it reached number 58 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and number 19 on the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart. In the Australasia region, "What's Up" was popular in New Zealand, reaching number 23 on the RIANZ Singles Chart, but it was a commercial failure in Australia, reaching number 92 on the ARIA Singles Chart.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: Music writer James Masterton wrote in his weekly UK chart commentary, "The biggest new hit of the week comes straight from the clubs. After setting dancefloors alight for weeks, this rather pointless dance remake of the 4 Non Blondes track crashes straight into the Top 10. As a dance track it seems to work alright but of course pales in comparison with the original which made No.2 in July last year." James Hamilton from British magazine "Music Week"'s "RM" Dance Update described the song as a "truly bizarre galloping cheesy Eurodisco remake of the 4 Non Blonde's strangulatedly wailed 1993 smash".


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: German eurodance group Minnesota covered the song as a dance version in late 1993. It reached number one in Portugal and on the Canadian "RPM" Dance chart, peaked at number two in Finland, and also charted in Belgium and Switzerland.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: The song has been used in numerous forms of media including films, television, advertising, video games and as a sample in other musical works.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: Taiwanese rock singer A-mei covered "What's up" for her 1997 compilation album "Girl Power". Her version also has its own accompanying music video.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: In 2005, a Texas-based animation and video production company known as SLACKCiRCUS created a satirical music video titled "Fabulous Secret Powers." Edited by Ryan Haines and composed by Jay Allen, the video was inspired by Fenslerfilm's PSAs and pairs/edits footage from "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe" with their own techno-house cover of "What's Up" (which eventually interpolates Don't Cry Out Loud by Melissa Manchester). It has since become an internet meme, with a shortened version (titled "HEYYEYAAEYAAAEYAEYAA") amassing over 200 million views on YouTube as of September 2022.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: In 2011, the song appeared in the film "Young Adult", starring Charlize Theron. The same year, Ariana Grande sampled and interpolated the song in her debut single, "Put Your Hearts Up". In 2015, it appeared in the fourth episode, "What's Going On?", of the Netflix Original series "Sense8"; in the episode, whose title quotes the song's refrain, the song establishes the growing psychic connection between the main characters through a shared karaoke performance. A remix of the song is also played at a rave in the 5th episode of the second season, "Fear Never Fixed Anything". Since its feature on the show, the song has become an anthem for the fandom and is often sung by the fans to welcome the cast and crew of the show.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: A master recording version of the song was used in "Rock Band 4". A version of the song, sung in Spanish, appeared in the final episode of season one of the television series "Zoo". In Brazil, the song was included in the international soundtrack of "Olho no Olho" telenovela (Rede Globo). Again it was part of a Rede Globo telenovela, titled "A Lei do Amor" (2016). In the "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" episode "The Negotiations", Jake Peralta and Doug Judy (portrayed by Andy Samberg and Craig Robinson respectively) sing the song at a karaoke club.


title: What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)

text: American country singer Lainey Wilson recorded the song for her 2022 album "Bell Bottom Country" after it became popular when she covered it during her live shows.


title: Oil

text: An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature.


title: Oil

text: The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents.


title: Oil

text: First attested in English 1176, the word "oil" comes from Old French "oile", from Latin "oleum", which in turn comes from the Greek ("elaion"), "olive oil, oil" and that from ("elaia"), "olive tree", "olive fruit". The earliest attested forms of the word are the Mycenaean Greek , "e-ra-wo" and , "e-rai-wo", written in the Linear B syllabic script.


title: Oil

text: Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms through natural metabolic processes. "Lipid" is the scientific term for the fatty acids, steroids and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other than lipids, including proteins, waxes (class of compounds with oil-like properties that are solid at common temperatures) and alkaloids.


title: Oil

text: Lipids can be classified by the way that they are made by an organism, their chemical structure and their limited solubility in water compared to oils. They have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are considerably lacking in oxygen compared to other organic compounds and minerals; they tend to be relatively nonpolar molecules, but may include both polar and nonpolar regions as in the case of phospholipids and steroids.


title: Oil

text: Crude oil, or petroleum, and its refined components, collectively termed "petrochemicals", are crucial resources in the modern economy. Crude oil originates from ancient fossilized organic materials, such as zooplankton and algae, which geochemical processes convert into oil. The name "mineral oil" is a misnomer, in that minerals are not the source of the oil—ancient plants and animals are. Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil" because its organic origin is remote (and was unknown at the time of its discovery), and because it is obtained in the vicinity of rocks, underground traps, and sands. "Mineral oil" also refers to several specific distillates of crude oil.


title: Oil

text: Several edible vegetable and animal oils, and also fats, are used for various purposes in cooking and food preparation. In particular, many foods are fried in oil much hotter than boiling water. Oils are also used for flavoring and for modifying the texture of foods (e.g. stir fry). Cooking oils are derived either from animal fat, as butter, lard and other types, or plant oils from olive, maize, sunflower and many other species.


title: Oil

text: Oils are applied to hair to give it a lustrous look, to prevent tangles and roughness and to stabilize the hair to promote growth. See hair conditioner.


title: Oil

text: Oil has been used throughout history as a religious medium. It is often considered a spiritually purifying agent and is used for anointing purposes. As a particular example, holy anointing oil has been an important ritual liquid for Judaism and Christianity.


title: Oil

text: Color pigments are easily suspended in oil, making it suitable as a supporting medium for paints. The oldest known extant oil paintings date from 650 AD.


title: Oil

text: Oils are used as coolants in oil cooling, for instance in electric transformers. Heat transfer oils are used both as coolants (see oil cooling), for heating (e.g. in oil heaters) and in other applications of heat transfer.


title: Oil

text: Given that they are non-polar, oils do not easily adhere to other substances. This makes them useful as lubricants for various engineering purposes. Mineral oils are more commonly used as machine lubricants than biological oils are. Whale oil is preferred for lubricating clocks, because it does not evaporate, leaving dust, although its use was banned in the USA in 1980.


title: Oil

text: It is a long-running myth that spermaceti from whales has still been used in NASA projects such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Voyager probe because of its extremely low freezing temperature. Spermaceti is not actually an oil, but a mixture mostly of wax esters, and there is no evidence that NASA has used whale oil.


title: Oil

text: Some oils burn in liquid or aerosol form, generating light, and heat which can be used directly or converted into other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical work. In order to obtain many fuel oils, crude oil is pumped from the ground and is shipped via oil tanker or a pipeline to an oil refinery. There, it is converted from crude oil to diesel fuel (petrodiesel), ethane (and other short-chain alkanes), fuel oils (heaviest of commercial fuels, used in ships/furnaces), gasoline (petrol), jet fuel, kerosene, benzene (historically), and liquefied petroleum gas. A barrel of crude oil produces approximately of diesel, of jet fuel, of gasoline, of other products, split between heavy fuel oil and liquified petroleum gases, and of heating oil. The total production of a barrel of crude into various products results in an increase to .


title: Oil

text: In the 18th and 19th centuries, whale oil was commonly used for lamps, which was replaced with natural gas and then electricity.


title: Oil

text: Crude oil can be refined into a wide variety of component hydrocarbons. "Petrochemicals" are the refined components of crude oil and the chemical products made from them. They are used as detergents, fertilizers, medicines, paints, plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Schönbrunn Palace ( ; Central Bavarian: "Schloss Scheenbrunn") was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name "Schönbrunn" (meaning “beautiful spring”) has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: In 1569, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II purchased a large floodplain of the Wien river beneath a hill, situated between Meidling and Hietzing. The former owner, in 1548, had erected a mansion called "Katterburg". The emperor ordered the area to be fenced and put game there such as pheasants, ducks, deer and boar, in order for it to serve as the court's recreational hunting ground. In a small separate part of the area, "exotic" birds such as turkeys and peafowl were kept. Fishponds were also built.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: During the next century, the area was used as a hunting and recreation ground. Eleonora Gonzaga, who loved hunting, spent much time there and was bequeathed the area as her widow's residence after the death of her husband, Ferdinand II. From 1638 to 1643, she added a palace to the Katterburg mansion, while in 1642 came the first mention of the name “Schönbrunn” on an invoice. The origins of the Schönbrunn orangery seem to go back to Eleonora Gonzaga as well. The Schönbrunn Palace in its present form was built and remodelled during the 1740–50s during the reign of empress Maria Theresa who received the estate as a wedding gift. Franz I commissioned the redecoration of the palace exterior in the neoclassical style as it appears today.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Franz Joseph, the longest-reigning emperor of Austria, was born at Schönbrunn and spent a great deal of his life there. He died there, at the age of 86, on 21 November 1916. Following the downfall of the Habsburg monarchy in November 1918, the palace became the property of the newly founded Austrian Republic and was preserved as a museum.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: After World War II and during the Allied Occupation of Austria (1945—55), Schönbrunn Palace was requisitioned to provide office space for both the British Delegation to the Allied Commission for Austria, and for the headquarters for the small British Military Garrison present in Vienna. With the reestablishment of the Austrian republic in 1955, the palace once again became a museum. It is still sometimes used for important events such as the meeting between U.S. president John F. Kennedy and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev in 1961.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Since 1992, the palace and gardens have been owned and administered by the "Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur-und Betriebsges.m.b.H.", a limited-liability company wholly owned by the Republic of Austria. The company conducts preservation and restoration of all palace properties without state subsidies. UNESCO catalogued Schönbrunn Palace on the World Heritage List in 1996, together with its gardens, as a remarkable Baroque ensemble and example of synthesis of the arts ("Gesamtkunstwerk").


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The sculpted garden space between the palace and the Neptune Fountain is called the "Great Parterre". The French garden, a big part of the area, was planned by "Jean Trehet", a disciple of André Le Nôtre, in 1695. It contains, among other things, a maze.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The complex however includes many more attractions: besides the Tiergarten, an orangerie erected around 1755, staple luxuries of European palaces of its type, a palm house (replacing, by 1882, around ten earlier and smaller glass houses in the western part of the park) is noteworthy. Western parts were turned into English garden style in 1828–1852.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The area called "Meidlinger Vertiefung" (Engl.: depression of Meidling) to the west of the castle was turned into a play area and drill ground for the children of the Habsburgs in the 19th century. At this time it was common to use parks for the military education of young princes. Whereas the miniature bastion, which was built for this purpose, does not exist anymore, the garden pavilion that was used as shelter still does. It was turned into a café in 1927 and is known as "Landtmann’s Jausen Station" since 2013.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: At the outmost western edge, a botanical garden going back to an earlier arboretum was re-arranged in 1828, when the "Old Palm House" was built. A modern enclosure for orangutans, was restored besides a restaurant and office rooms in 2009.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The garden axis points towards a hill, which since 1775 has been crowned by the Gloriette structure (Fischer von Erlach had initially planned to erect the main palace on the top of this hill).


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Maria Theresa decided the "Gloriette" should be designed to glorify Habsburg power and the "Just War" (a war that would be carried out of “necessity” and lead to peace), and thereby ordered the builders to recycle “otherwise useless stone” which was left from the near-demolition of Schloss Neugebäude. The same material was also to be used for the Roman ruin.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The Gloriette was destroyed in the Second World War, but had already been restored by 1947, and was restored again in 1995.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The Gloriette today houses a café and an observation deck which provides panoramic views of the city.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Originally known as the Ruin of Carthage, the Roman Ruin is a set of follies that was designed by the architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg, and erected as an entirely new architectural feature in 1778. Fully integrated into its parkland surroundings, this architectural ensemble should be understood as a picturesque horticultural feature and not simply as a ruin, which due to lack of maintenance it had increasingly grown to resemble prior to its recent restoration.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The fashion for picturesque ruins that became widespread with the rise of the Romantic movement soon after the middle of the 18th century symbolized both the decline of once great powers and the preservation of the remains of a heroic past. Erected at the same time not far from the Roman Ruin, the Obelisk Fountain was intended to complete the iconographic program of the park at Schönbrunn as a symbol of stability and permanence.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The Roman Ruin consists of a rectangular pool enclosed by a massive arch with lateral walls, evoking the impression of an ancient edifice slowly crumbling into the ground. In the pool in front of the ruin is a seemingly haphazard arrangement of stone fragments supporting a figural group which symbolizes the rivers Vltava and Elbe.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Schönbrunn is Vienna's most popular tourist destination, which has been attended by 3,800,000 visitors in 2017. The whole Schönbrunn complex with Tiergarten Schönbrunn, Palmenhaus, Wüstenhaus, the Wagenburg, and The Schoenbrunn Palace Concerts accounted for more than five million visitors in 2009.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: At the official website tickets can be purchased in advance for tours. In addition to tours and tour packages, many classical concerts featuring the music of Mozart and his contemporaries can be enjoyed with the added benefit of more time in the spectacular halls, Orangerie, or Schlosstheater.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The Schönbrunn Palace Concerts are served by The Schönbrunn Palace Orchestra. Founded in 1997, it is led by the chief opera conductor Maestro Guido Mancusi since 1998. He also founded Chamber Opera Schönbrunn in the Schönbrunn Palace Concert series.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: In Vienna, they offer daily concerts at the original location of the world-famous contest between Mozart & Salieri (1786). They have a wealth of experience working with singers and ballet dancers. The Orchestra regularly tours around the world.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The gardens and palace have been the location for many films and television productions including such productions as the "Sissi" trilogy in the 1950s, "A Breath of Scandal" with Sophia Loren, and also briefly in the Bond movie "The Living Daylights" when Bond (Timothy Dalton) and Kara are riding through the palace garden; the palace is also seen during the end credits. The comedy "The Great Race" was filmed there in 1965. Jackie Chan shot scenes for "Armour of God" on the grounds. More recently, the television drama "The Crown Prince" starring Max von Thun as Crown Prince Rudolf and Klaus Maria Brandauer as Kaiser Franz-Josef was filmed there.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The Austrian television series, "Kommissar Rex" has shot several episodes there. In the Kuroshitsuji episode 2: His Butler, Omnipotent, Sebastian Michaelis tells his master that he was a guest at the Schönbrunn Palace soirees before his contract was sealed with Ciel as he teaches the young master how to dance. Dutch violinist André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra, along with the Opera Babes used it as the back drop for a version of the European Anthem, "Ode to Joy" in 2003.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: In the third leg of "The Amazing Race 4", the palace hosted a Fast Forward task where one team had to carry trays of champagne glasses across a ballroom floor of waltzing couples. In the sixth leg of "The Amazing Race 23", teams had to race through the garden's maze and search for the Pit Stop located at the Gloriette.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The Disney animated TV show series "Little Einsteins" featured the Schönbrunn Palace during the Season 2 episode "The Glass Slipper Ball", featuring the orange fish based on two clownfish, Marlin and Nemo from the 2003 Disney/Pixar animated film "Finding Nemo" and the painting by Andy Warhol and the music "The Blue Danube Waltz" by Johann Strauss II, based on the 1950 Disney animated fairy tale film, the title character and the book "Cinderella" by Charles Perrault which first aired in January 2007.


title: Schönbrunn Palace

text: The palace was selected as the main motif of a high value commemorative coin: the Austrian 10-euro The Palace of Schönbrunn silver coin, minted on 8 October 2003. The obverse shows the central part of the frontage of the palace behind one of the great fountains in the open space.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. The term was coined by Daniel Oliver in 1840 in "First Lines of Physiology: Designed for the Use of Students of Medicine," when he wrote,


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Better known, perhaps, is the 1855 usage by Alexander Bain in the first edition of "The Senses and the Intellect", when he wrote, "The concurrence of Sensations in one common stream of consciousness–on the same cerebral highway–enables those of different senses to be associated as readily as the sensations of the same sense". But it is commonly credited to William James who used it in 1890 in his "The Principles of Psychology". In 1918, the novelist May Sinclair (1863–1946) first applied the term stream of consciousness, in a literary context, when discussing Dorothy Richardson's novels. "Pointed Roofs" (1915), the first work in Richardson's series of 13 semi-autobiographical novels titled "Pilgrimage", is the first complete stream-of-consciousness novel published in English. However, in 1934, Richardson comments that "Proust, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and D.R. ... were all using 'the new method', though very differently, simultaneously". There were, however, many earlier precursors and the technique is still used by contemporary writers.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Stream of consciousness is a narrative device that attempts to give the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue (see below), or in connection to their actions. Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in thought and lack of some or all punctuation. Stream of consciousness and interior monologue are distinguished from dramatic monologue and soliloquy, where the speaker is addressing an audience or a third person, which are chiefly used in poetry or drama. In stream-of-consciousness, the speaker's thought processes are more often depicted as overheard in the mind (or addressed to oneself); it is primarily a fictional device.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: An early use of the term is found in philosopher and psychologist William James's "The Principles of Psychology" (1890): "consciousness, then, does not appear to itself as chopped up in bits ... it is nothing joined; it flows. A 'river' or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described. In talking of it hereafter, let's call it the stream of thought, consciousness, or subjective life".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: a quarter after what an unearthly hour I suppose theyre just getting up in China now combing out their pigtails for the day well soon have the nuns ringing the angelus theyve nobody coming in to spoil their sleep except an odd priest or two for his night office the alarmclock next door at cockshout clattering the brains out of itself let me see if I can doze off 1 2 3 4 5 what kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars the wallpaper in Lombard street was much nicer the apron he gave me was like that something only I only wore it twice better lower this lamp and try again so that I can get up early


title: Stream of consciousness

text: While many sources use the terms stream of consciousness and interior monologue as synonyms, the "Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms" suggests that "they can also be distinguished psychologically and literarily. In a psychological sense, stream of consciousness is the subject matter, while interior monologue is the technique for presenting it". And for literature, "while an interior monologue always presents a character's thoughts 'directly', without the apparent intervention of a summarizing and selecting narrator, it does not necessarily mingle them with impressions and perceptions, nor does it necessarily violate the norms of grammar, or logic – but the stream‐of‐consciousness technique also does one or both of these things." Similarly, the "Encyclopædia Britannica Online", while agreeing that these terms are "often used interchangeably", suggests that, "while an interior monologue may mirror all the half-thoughts, impressions, and associations that impinge upon the character's consciousness, it may also be restricted to an organized presentation of that character's rational thoughts".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: While the use of the narrative technique of stream of consciousness is usually associated with modernist novelists in the first part of the twentieth century, several precursors have been suggested, including Laurence Sterne's psychological novel "Tristram Shandy" (1757). John Neal in his novel "Seventy-Six" (1823) also used an early form of this writing style, characterized by long sentences with multiple qualifiers and expressions of anxiety from the narrator.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: It has also been suggested that Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" (1843) foreshadows this literary technique in the nineteenth century. Poe's story is a first person narrative, told by an unnamed narrator who endeavours to convince the reader of his sanity while describing a murder he committed, and it is often read as a dramatic monologue. George R. Clay notes that Leo Tolstoy, "when the occasion requires it ... applies Modernist stream of consciousness technique" in both "War and Peace" (1869) and "Anna Karenina" (1878).


title: Stream of consciousness

text: The short story, "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" (1890), by another American author, Ambrose Bierce, also abandons strict linear time to record the internal consciousness of the protagonist. Because of his renunciation of chronology in favor of free association, Édouard Dujardin's "Les Lauriers sont coupés" (1887) is also an important precursor. Indeed, James Joyce "picked up a copy of Dujardin's novel ... in Paris in 1903" and "acknowledged a certain borrowing from it".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Some point to Anton Chekhov's short stories and plays (1881–1904) and Knut Hamsun's "Hunger" (1890), and "Mysteries" (1892) as offering glimpses of the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative technique at the end of the nineteenth century. While "Hunger" is widely seen as a classic of world literature and a groundbreaking modernist novel, "Mysteries" is also considered a pioneer work. It has been claimed that Hamsun was way ahead of his time with the use of stream of consciousness in two chapters in particular of this novel. British author Robert Ferguson said: "There’s a lot of dreamlike aspects of "Mysteries". In that book ... it is ... two chapters, where he invents stream of consciousness writing, in the early 1890s. This was long before Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf and James Joyce". Henry James has also been suggested as a significant precursor, in a work as early as "Portrait of a Lady" (1881). It has been suggested that he influenced later stream-of-consciousness writers, including Virginia Woolf, who not only read some of his novels but also wrote essays about them.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: However, it has also been argued that Arthur Schnitzler (1862–1931), in his short story '"Leutnant Gustl" ("None but the Brave", 1900), was the first to make full use of the stream of consciousness technique.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: But it is only in the twentieth century that this technique is fully developed by modernists. Marcel Proust is often presented as an early example of a writer using the stream of consciousness technique in his novel sequence "À la recherche du temps perdu" (1913–1927) ("In Search of Lost Time"), but Robert Humphrey comments that Proust "is concerned only with the reminiscent aspect of consciousness" and that he "was deliberately recapturing the past to communicate; hence he did not write a stream-of-consciousness novel". Novelist John Cowper Powys also argues that Proust did not use stream of consciousness: "while we are told what the hero thinks or what Swann thinks we are told this rather by the author than either by the 'I' of the story or by Charles Swann."


title: Stream of consciousness

text: The term was first applied in a literary context in "The Egoist", April 1918, by May Sinclair, in relation to the early volumes of Dorothy Richardson's novel sequence "Pilgrimage". Richardson, however, describes the term as a "lamentably ill-chosen metaphor".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: James Joyce was a major pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness. Some hints of this technique are already present in "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" (1916), along with interior monologue, and references to a character's psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings. Joyce began writing "A Portrait" in 1907 and it was first serialised in the English literary magazine "The Egoist" in 1914 and 1915. Earlier in 1906, Joyce, when working on "Dubliners", considered adding another story featuring a Jewish advertising canvasser called Leopold Bloom under the title "Ulysses". Although he did not pursue the idea further at the time, he eventually commenced work on a novel using both the title and basic premise in 1914. The writing was completed in October 1921. Serial publication of "Ulysses" in the magazine "The Little Review" began in March 1918. "Ulysses" was finally published in 1922. While "Ulysses" represents a major example of the use of stream of consciousness, Joyce also uses "authorial description" and Free Indirect Style to register Bloom's inner thoughts. Furthermore, the novel does not focus solely on interior experiences: "Bloom is constantly shown "from" all round; from inside as well as out; from a variety of points of view which range from the objective to the subjective". In his final work "Finnegans Wake" (1939), Joyce's method of stream of consciousness, literary allusions and free dream associations was pushed to the limit, abandoning all conventions of plot and character construction, and the book is written in a peculiar and obscure English, based mainly on complex multi-level puns.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Another early example is the use of interior monologue by T. S. Eliot in his poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915), "a dramatic monologue of an urban man, stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive action," a work probably influenced by the narrative poetry of Robert Browning, including "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Prominent uses in the years that followed the publication of James Joyce's "Ulysses" include Italo Svevo, "La coscienza di Zeno" (1923), Virginia Woolf in "Mrs Dalloway" (1925) and "To the Lighthouse" (1927), and William Faulkner in "The Sound and the Fury" (1929). However, Randell Stevenson suggests that "interior monologue, rather than stream of consciousness, is the appropriate term for the style in which [subjective experience] is recorded, both in "The Waves" and in Woolf's writing generally." Throughout "Mrs Dalloway", Woolf blurs the distinction between direct and indirect speech, freely alternating her mode of narration between omniscient description, indirect interior monologue, and soliloquy. Malcolm Lowry's novel "Under the Volcano" (1947) resembles "Ulysses", "both in its concentration almost entirely within a single day of [its protagonist] Firmin's life ... and in the range of interior monologues and stream of consciousness employed to represent the minds of [the] characters".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Samuel Beckett, a friend of James Joyce, uses interior monologue in novels like "Molloy" (1951), "Malone meurt" (1951; "Malone Dies") and "L'innommable" (1953: "The Unnamable"). and the short story "From an Abandoned Work" (1957). French writer Jean-Paul Sartre employed the technique in his Roads to Freedom trilogy of novels, most prominently in the second book "The Reprieve" (1945).


title: Stream of consciousness

text: The technique continued to be used into the 1970s in a novel such as Robert Anton Wilson/Robert Shea collaborative "Illuminatus!" (1975), concerning which "The Fortean Times" warns readers to "[b]e prepared for streams of consciousness in which not only identity but time and space no longer confine the narrative".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Although loosely structured as a sketch show, Monty Python produced an innovative stream-of-consciousness for their TV show "Monty Python's Flying Circus", with the BBC stating, "[Terry] Gilliam's unique animation style became crucial, segueing seamlessly between any two completely unrelated ideas and making the stream-of-consciousness work".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Scottish writer James Kelman's novels are known for mixing stream of consciousness narrative with Glaswegian vernacular. Examples include "The Busconductor Hines" (1984), "A Disaffection" (1989), "How Late It Was, How Late" (1994) and many of his short stories. With regard to Salman Rushdie, one critic comments that "[a]ll Rushdie's novels follow an Indian/Islamic storytelling style, a stream-of-consciousness narrative told by a loquacious young Indian man". Other writers who use this narrative device include Sylvia Plath in "The Bell Jar" (1963) and Irvine Welsh in "Trainspotting" (1993).


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Stream of consciousness continues to appear in contemporary literature. Dave Eggers, author of "A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius" (2000), according to one reviewer, "talks much as he writes – a forceful stream of consciousness, thoughts sprouting in all directions". Novelist John Banville describes Roberto Bolaño's novel "Amulet" (1999), as written in "a fevered stream of consciousness".


title: Stream of consciousness

text: The twenty-first century brought further exploration, including Jonathan Safran Foer's "Everything is Illuminated" (2002) and many of the short stories of American author Brendan Connell.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Stream of consciousness technique is also used in song lyrics. Songwriters such as Sun Kil Moon and Courtney Barnett use it in their songs. An early example is Outkast's song "A Life in the Day of Benjamin André (Incomplete)" off their 2003 album Speakerboxxx/The Love Below.


title: Stream of consciousness

text: Some filmmakers use the narrative technique. For example, the documentary "Anonymous Club" about songwriter Courtney Barnett is narrated using stream-of-consciousness. Terrence Malick's films use it as well. 2022 film You Won't Be Alone also uses it.


title: Chi McBride

text: Kenneth "Chi" McBride ( ; born September 23, 1961) is an American actor. He has appeared in films, where he is known primarily as a character actor, and in television, where he has had numerous starring roles.


title: Chi McBride

text: In film, he has played prominent roles including "The Frighteners" (1996), "Gone in 60 Seconds" (2000), "I, Robot" (2004), "Waiting..." (2005), "Let's Go to Prison" (2006), and "Draft Day" (2014).


title: Chi McBride

text: On television, he was high school principal Steven Harper on the series "Boston Public", Emerson Cod on "Pushing Daisies", Detective Laverne Winston on the Fox drama "Human Target", Detective Don Owen in the short-lived CBS crime drama "Golden Boy", and Captain Lou Grover in "Hawaii Five-0".


title: Chi McBride

text: McBride was born in Chicago, Illinois, from which his stage name derives. He was raised in the Seventh-day Adventist religion and attended Shiloh Academy, now known as Chicago SDA Academy, a Seventh-day Adventist school. McBride originally planned to pursue a career in music. After studying several instruments and singing with gospel choirs in his native Chicago, he relocated to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1986 to work for AT&T as a billing clerk.


title: Chi McBride

text: His first success in show business came with the hit song "Basically, He's the Champ" as part of the group KSL, which parodied the marriage of boxer Mike Tyson and actress Robin Givens. Based on the tune's success, McBride was signed by Esquire Records, and he joined the rhythm and blues band Covert. Convinced he should try his hand in front of the camera, the singer moved to Los Angeles and, billed as "Chi", landed guest spots on Fox's "In Living Color" and NBC's "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air", as well as a featured role in the TV movie "".


title: Chi McBride

text: In 1998, he was a co-star of "Mercury Rising", alongside Bruce Willis. He was later given the role of Principal Steven Harper on the series "Boston Public". Much of McBride's work sees him playing right-hand man to the hero, as in the films "Mercury Rising" and "The Terminal". He is also notable for television roles on "The John Larroquette Show", "House", "The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer", "Killer Instinct" and "Pushing Daisies".


title: Chi McBride

text: McBride's other film credits include "Cradle 2 the Grave", "The Distinguished Gentleman", "Gone in 60 Seconds", "The Frighteners", "Narc", "Disney's The Kid," "I, Robot", "Roll Bounce", "Annapolis", "Hoodlum", "Undercover Brother", "Let's Go to Prison" and "The Brothers Solomon". McBride portrayed eight different characters in the play "Nagataki Sake", directed by Robert Downey, Sr.


title: Chi McBride

text: He starred in "Human Target" as Winston, business partner of Christopher Chance (the protagonist). The show premiered on January 17, 2010, on FOX.


title: Chi McBride

text: Starting in 2013, he starred on "Hawaii Five-0" as Captain Lou Grover. He previously worked with co-star Scott Caan in "Gone in 60 Seconds".


title: Chi McBride

text: On May 14, 2021, CBS announced that McBride will star along with Pete Holmes and Katie Lowes in a sitcom based around the life of laid-off auto worker-turned-professional bowler Tom Smallwood. McBride plays Archie, a bowling alley owner who serves as friend and mentor to the main character played by Holmes. The multi-camera series debuted on March 31, 2022.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Carrie Louise Hamilton (December 5, 1963 – January 20, 2002) was an American actress, playwright and singer. Hamilton was a daughter of comedian Carol Burnett and producer Joe Hamilton. She was also the older sister of Jody Hamilton, an actress and producer, and singer Erin Hamilton.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Hamilton worked in a number of productions for film, stage, television and video. She took the role of Reggie Higgins in the TV version of the musical "Fame" for the fifth and sixth seasons (1985–1987), and portrayed the role of Maureen Johnson in the first national tour of the stage musical "Rent" to considerable acclaim. She also studied music and acting at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: One of her films was "Tokyo Pop" (1988), in which she played an American singer who journeys to Japan. There, she found a relationship with both a singer (played by Diamond Yukai also known as Yutaka Tadokoro) and a band who made it into the Tokyo pop charts Top Ten. She performed several songs in the film.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: In 1992, Hamilton took a minor role in the live-action movie "Cool World", which starred Gabriel Byrne, Kim Basinger, and Brad Pitt.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Hamilton married musician Mark Templin in 1994 on the same soundstage where "The Carol Burnett Show" was filmed. The couple divorced in 1998.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Hamilton occasionally appeared on television with her mother. In 1987, Burnett guest-starred in an episode of "Fame" entitled "Reggie and Rose". The pair co-starred in a 1988 TV movie titled "Hostage". They appeared on five episodes of "Family Feud" in 1995, competing with Hamilton's husband Mark Templin and mother-in-law Dalia Ward against a team led by Betty White. in 1997, they starred on an episode of "Touched by an Angel" entitled "The Comeback". Hamilton played an aspiring Broadway star whose mother (Burnett) had also made a run for Broadway fame, but failed (due to a dirty trick on the part of her conniving best friend, played by Rita Moreno).


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: In 1999, Hamilton starred in a popular sixth-season episode of "The X-Files", entitled "Monday". She played the role of Pam, the girlfriend of a would-be bank robber, who is forced to relive the same day over and over.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Hamilton was the inspiration for the 1983 hit single "Carrie's Gone" (number 79, "Billboard"), written by former boyfriend Fergie Frederiksen and recorded by his band, Le Roux, after they broke up. The 12-year age difference (Carrie was 19 and Fergie was 31 at the time) was cited as the main reason for the break-up.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Hamilton worked with her mother to adapt Burnett's memoir, "One More Time", for the stage play "Hollywood Arms", but she did not live long enough to see it produced.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: To honour her daughter, Carol Burnett published a book called "Carrie and Me: A Mother-Daughter Love Story". This was released on April 8, 2014, and became a New York Times bestselling memoir. People Magazine described it as a “loving, poignant” tribute book to Burnett’s eldest daughter.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: Hamilton died from pneumonia as a complication of lung cancer that spread to her brain in Los Angeles, California, on January 20, 2002, at age 38, and is interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. She started smoking cigarettes in her early teens, and also had a three-year period of heavy drug and alcohol abuse that she successfully overcame by the time she was 15. Except for a brief relapse at 17, she remained drug- and alcohol-free for the remainder of her life.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: In July 2006, the former Balcony Theatre of the Pasadena Playhouse was rededicated as the Carrie Hamilton Theatre in Hamilton's memory (Burnett is a board member). It hosts a series of readings called "Hothouse at the Playhouse", as well as the Directors Lab West and the Furious Theatre Company. On February 19, 2007, architect Frank Gehry was announced to be redesigning the Carrie Hamilton Theatre.


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: On March 23, 2010, Carol Burnett joined the establishment of the Anaheim University Carrie Hamilton Entertainment Institute. She signed a citation establishing the institute with Anaheim University Vice President for Academic Affairs Dr. David Nunan, prior to answering questions regarding Hamilton and the Carrie Hamilton Entertainment Institute during a question-and-answer session with moderator Darrell Nelson. She concluded the session by reading this quote from Hamilton:


title: Carrie Hamilton

text: ABOUT ART...The legacy is really the lives we touch, the inspiration we give, altering someone's plan – if even for a moment, and getting them to think, rage, cry, laugh, argue...walk around the block, dazed...(I do that a lot after seeing powerful theater!) More than anything, we are remembered for our smiles; the ones we share with our closest and dearest, and the ones we bestow on a total stranger, who needed it then, and God put you there to deliver.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: The Way Back is a 2010 American survival film directed by Peter Weir, from a screenplay by Weir and Keith Clarke. The film is inspired by "The Long Walk" (1956), the memoir by former Polish prisoner of war Sławomir Rawicz, who claimed to have escaped from a Soviet Gulag and walked to freedom in World War II. The film stars Jim Sturgess, Colin Farrell, Ed Harris, and Saoirse Ronan, with Alexandru Potocean, Sebastian Urzendowsky, Gustaf Skarsgård, Dragoș Bucur and Mark Strong.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: The film was nominated for an Oscar for Best Makeup, but lost to "The Wolfman." The nomination was received by Gregory Funk, Edouard F. Henriques and Yolanda Toussieng.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: During World War II, after the Soviet invasion of Poland, young Polish army officer Janusz Wieszczek is held as a prisoner and interrogated by the NKVD. The Soviets, unable to get him to admit that he is a spy, take his wife into custody as well and severely torture her; from her they extort a statement condemning him. He is sentenced to 20 years in a Gulag labour camp deep in Siberia.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: There he meets those with whom he later plans an escape: Mr. Smith, an American engineer; Khabarov, an actor; Valka, a hardened Russian criminal; Tomasz, a Polish artist; Voss, a Latvian priest; Kazik, a Pole suffering from night blindness; and Zoran, a Yugoslav accountant. Khabarov secretly tells Janusz that he is planning to escape south to Mongolia, passing Lake Baikal. Smith cautions Janusz that it is Khabarov's way to discuss escape plans with newcomers, to maintain his morale, but nothing will come of it. At times Janusz seems to hallucinate the front door of a country home and adjoining window ledge, which holds plants and a rock he attempts to reach for. Janusz follows through with the escape with Smith, Valka, Voss, Tomasz, Zoran and Kazik during a severe snowstorm that covers their tracks.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: Kazik freezes to death the second night of the trek, after losing his way back to the campsite while looking for wood, and the group buries him. After many days of travelling across the snows of Siberia, the group reaches Lake Baikal. There they meet Irena, a young Polish girl, who tells them that Russian soldiers murdered her parents and sent her to a collective farm near Warsaw, where they treated her cruelly, so she escaped. Smith realises the inaccuracies in her story, as Warsaw is occupied by the Germans; nevertheless, despite his misgivings that she'll slow them down and tax their meager food supply, he agrees with the group to let her in. Smith eventually cautions her about the lie and says he will not tolerate any more, in response to which she admits that her parents were communists but the communist rulers killed them anyway and sent her to an orphanage.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: When the group reaches an unpatrolled border between the Soviet Union and Mongolia, Valka, who idolizes Joseph Stalin and does not know what he would do elsewhere, decides to stay. The rest continue to Ulaanbaatar, but soon they see images of Stalin, Khorloogiin Choibalsan and a red star. Janusz realises that Mongolia is under communist control and since China is at war with Japan, tells the group they should take refuge in British India. As they continue south across the Gobi Desert, lack of water, sandstorms, sunburn, blisters and sunstroke weaken the group. They find a well, which provides temporary relief. However, shortly after departing, they are hit by a sandstorm and lose the majority of their water supply. Realizing they could never find the well again, the group carries on. Irena collapses several times and soon dies. A few days later Tomasz collapses and dies. Smith is on the verge of death, but after being motivated by Janusz, Zoran and Voss, decides to rejoin the group and the severely dehydrated four find a much-needed water source. Soon after, they reach China by passing through the Great Wall.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: As they reach the Himalayas, all of them on the verge of death, they are rescued by a Tibetan monk who takes them to a Buddhist monastery where they regain their strength. Smith decides to go to Lhasa with the help of one of the monk's contacts, who will smuggle him out through China. Once there, he anticipates he will be able to connect with the US military, his return to America ensured. The remaining three continue to trek through the Himalayas and soon reach India and get assistance from villagers. The Indian government helps them reach their home peacefully.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: At the end of the film, Janusz keeps walking around the world until 1989, when the communist regime in Poland is ousted from power. The final scene of the film shows Janusz, 50 years after being taken captive, again envisioning the door and reaching for the rock; this time he takes a key hidden beneath the rock to open the door and reconcile with his wife.


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: The film is loosely based on "The Long Walk" (1956), Sławomir Rawicz's memoir depicting his alleged escape from a Siberian Gulag and subsequent 4,000-mile walk to freedom in India. The book sold over 500,000 copies and is credited with inspiring many explorers. In 2006 the BBC unearthed records (including some written by Rawicz himself) which showed that, rather than having escaped from the gulag, he had in fact been released by the USSR in 1942. Nevertheless, there is some circumstantial evidence that some sort of trek to freedom occurred, via the route outlined in the book and film. Captain Rupert Mayne, a British intelligence officer in Calcutta in 1942, interviewed three emaciated men, who claimed to have escaped from Siberia. Mayne always believed their story was the same as that of "The Long Walk". So the possibility remains that someone – even if not Rawicz – achieved this extraordinary feat. Though the director Peter Weir continues to claim that the so-called long walk happened, he himself now describes "The Way Back" as "essentially a fictional film".


title: The Way Back (2010 film)

text: "The Way Back" received generally positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports a 74% approval rating based on 139 reviews, with an average rating of 6.88/10. The critics consensus is: "It isn't as emotionally involving as it should be, but this Peter Weir epic offers sweeping ambition and strong performances to go with its grand visual spectacle." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100 based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". "Empire" awarded the film three out of five stars and wrote, "It's good, but from this director we have come to expect great." "The Guardian" awarded it three out of five and wrote, "Weir has put together a good film – oddly, though, considering its scale, it feels like a rather small one." "The Telegraph" called the film "A journey that feels awful and heroic and unfathomable – and one you’ll want to watch again."


title: Cantilever

text: A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is supported at only one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like other structural elements, a cantilever can be formed as a beam, plate, truss, or slab.


title: Cantilever

text: When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.


title: Cantilever

text: Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in cantilever bridges and balconies (see corbel). In cantilever bridges, the cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a central section. The Forth Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss bridge. A cantilever in a traditionally timber framed building is called a jetty or forebay. In the southern United States, a historic barn type is the cantilever barn of log construction.


title: Cantilever

text: The partially constructed structure creates a cantilever, but the completed structure does not act as a cantilever.


title: Cantilever

text: This is very helpful when temporary supports, or falsework, cannot be used to support the structure while it is being built (e.g., over a busy roadway or river, or in a deep valley).


title: Cantilever

text: Therefore, some truss arch bridges (see Navajo Bridge) are built from each side as cantilevers until the spans reach each other and are then jacked apart to stress them in compression before finally joining.


title: Cantilever

text: Nearly all cable-stayed bridges are built using cantilevers as this is one of their chief advantages.


title: Cantilever

text: This type of construction lends itself well to balanced cantilever construction where the bridge is built in both directions from a single support.


title: Cantilever

text: In an architectural application, Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater used cantilevers to project large balconies.


title: Cantilever

text: The East Stand at Elland Road Stadium in Leeds was, when completed, the largest cantilever stand in the world holding 17,000 spectators.


title: Cantilever

text: The roof built over the stands at Old Trafford uses a cantilever so that no supports will block views of the field.


title: Cantilever

text: The largest cantilevered roof in Europe is located at St James' Park in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, the home stadium of Newcastle United F.C.


title: Cantilever

text: Less obvious examples of cantilevers are free-standing (vertical) radio towers without guy-wires, and chimneys, which resist being blown over by the wind through cantilever action at their base.


title: Cantilever

text: The cantilever is commonly used in the wings of fixed-wing aircraft. Early aircraft had light structures which were braced with wires and struts. However, these introduced aerodynamic drag which limited performance. While it is heavier, the cantilever avoids this issue and allows the plane to fly faster.


title: Cantilever

text: Hugo Junkers pioneered the cantilever wing in 1915. Only a dozen years after the Wright Brothers' initial flights, Junkers endeavored to eliminate virtually all major external bracing members in order to decrease airframe drag in flight. The result of this endeavor was the Junkers J 1 pioneering all-metal monoplane of late 1915, designed from the start with all-metal cantilever wing panels. About a year after the initial success of the Junkers J 1, Reinhold Platz of Fokker also achieved success with a cantilever-winged sesquiplane built instead with wooden materials, the Fokker V.1.


title: Cantilever

text: In the cantilever wing, one or more strong beams, called "spars", run along the span of the wing. The end fixed rigidly to the central fuselage is known as the root and the far end as the tip. In flight, the wings generate lift and the spars carry this load through to the fuselage.


title: Cantilever

text: To resist horizontal shear stress from either drag or engine thrust, the wing must also form a stiff cantilever in the horizontal plane. A single-spar design will usually be fitted with a second smaller drag-spar nearer the trailing edge, braced to the main spar via additional internal members or a stressed skin. The wing must also resist twisting forces, achieved by cross-bracing or otherwise stiffening the main structure.


title: Cantilever

text: Cantilever wings require much stronger and heavier spars than would otherwise be needed in a wire-braced design. However, as the speed of the aircraft increases, the drag of the bracing increases sharply, while the wing structure must be strengthened, typically by increasing the strength of the spars and the thickness of the skinning. At speeds of around the drag of the bracing becomes excessive and the wing strong enough to be made a cantilever without excess weight penalty. Increases in engine power through the late 1920s and early 1930s raised speeds through this zone and by the late 1930s cantilever wings had almost wholly superseded braced ones. Other changes such as enclosed cockpits, retractable undercarriage, landing flaps and stressed-skin construction furthered the design revolution, with the pivotal moment widely acknowledged to be the MacRobertson England-Australia air race of 1934, which was won by a de Havilland DH.88 Comet.


title: Cantilever

text: Currently, cantilever wings are almost universal with bracing only being used for some slower aircraft where a lighter weight is prioritized over speed, such as in the ultralight class.


title: Cantilever

text: Cantilevered beams are the most ubiquitous structures in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). An early example of a MEMS cantilever is the Resonistor, an electromechanical monolithic resonator. MEMS cantilevers are commonly fabricated from silicon (Si), silicon nitride (SiN), or polymers.


title: Cantilever

text: The fabrication process typically involves undercutting the cantilever structure to "release" it, often with an anisotropic wet or dry etching technique. Without cantilever transducers, atomic force microscopy would not be possible.


title: Cantilever

text: A large number of research groups are attempting to develop cantilever arrays as biosensors for medical diagnostic applications. MEMS cantilevers are also finding application as radio frequency filters and resonators.


title: Cantilever

text: where formula_2 is Poisson's ratio, formula_3 is Young's modulus, formula_4 is the beam length and formula_5 is the cantilever thickness. Very sensitive optical and capacitive methods have been developed to measure changes in the static deflection of cantilever beams used in dc-coupled sensors.


title: Cantilever

text: The second is the formula relating the cantilever spring constant formula_6 to the cantilever dimensions and material constants:


title: Cantilever

text: where formula_8 is force and formula_9 is the cantilever width. The spring constant is related to the cantilever resonance frequency formula_10 by the usual harmonic oscillator formula formula_11. A change in the force applied to a cantilever can shift the resonance frequency.


title: Cantilever

text: The frequency shift can be measured with exquisite accuracy using heterodyne techniques and is the basis of ac-coupled cantilever sensors.


title: Cantilever

text: The principal advantage of MEMS cantilevers is their cheapness and ease of fabrication in large arrays.


title: Cantilever

text: The challenge for their practical application lies in the square and cubic dependences of cantilever performance specifications on dimensions.


title: Cantilever

text: These superlinear dependences mean that cantilevers are quite sensitive to variation in process parameters, particularly the thickness as this is generally difficult to accurately measure. However, it has been shown that microcantilever thicknesses can be precisely measured and that this variation can be quantified. Controlling residual stress can also be difficult.


title: Cantilever

text: A chemical sensor can be obtained by coating a recognition receptor layer over the upper side of a microcantilever beam. A typical application is the immunosensor based on an antibody layer that interacts selectively with a particular immunogen and reports about its content in a specimen. In the static mode of operation, the sensor response is represented by the beam bending with respect to a reference microcantilever. Alternatively, microcantilever sensors can be operated in the dynamic mode. In this case, the beam vibrates at its resonance frequency and a variation in this parameter indicates the concentration of the analyte. Recently, microcantilevers have been fabricated that are porous, allowing for a much larger surface area for analyte to bind to, increasing sensitivity by raising the ratio of the analyte mass to the device mass. Surface stress on microcantilever, due to receptor-target binding, which produces cantilever deflection can be analyzed using optical methods like laser interferometry. Zhao et al., also showed that by changing the attachment protocol of the receptor on the microcantilever surface, the sensitivity can be further improved when the surface stress generated on the microcantilever is taken as the sensor signal.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Anthony Kevin Dungy ( ; born October 6, 1955) is an American former football safety and coach who served as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Indianapolis Colts. Dungy's teams became perennial postseason contenders under his leadership, missing the playoffs only twice with Tampa Bay. He led the Colts to victory in Super Bowl XLI over the Chicago Bears, making him the first African-American head coach to win the Super Bowl.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy began his head coaching tenure in 1996 with the Buccaneers, a franchise regarded as one of the league's worst, and was successfully able to turn the team's image. Through implementation of the Tampa 2 defensive scheme, Dungy brought new success to the Buccaneers, leading them to four playoff appearances in six seasons during the late 1990s and the early 2000s. He was fired after the 2001 playoffs due to frequent postseason struggles, but is credited with constructing the team that won Super Bowl XXXVII the following year. After his departure from Tampa Bay, Dungy served as the Colts' head coach for seven seasons, qualifying for the playoffs in each, and is often considered a key factor as to why the Colts were so successful throughout the 2000s. His greatest success occurred with the Colts' Super Bowl-winning season in 2006, the franchise's first in over three decades and the first since relocating to Indianapolis. He retired from coaching following the 2008 season.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Since retiring, Dungy has served as an analyst on NBC's "Football Night in America". He is also the national spokesman for the fatherhood program All Pro Dad. Dungy was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2016. He is an outspoken advocate for representation, social justice, and more coaching opportunities for African Americans in the NFL.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Born and raised in Jackson, Michigan, Dungy's parents were Wilbur Dungy (1926–2004), a science professor at Jackson College, and Cleomae Dungy (1920–2002), who taught Shakespeare at Jackson High School. Wilbur served as a pilot in the Army Air Forces during World War II with the famed Tuskegee Airmen. After graduating from Parkside High School in 1973, Dungy played college football at the University of Minnesota, and was the Gophers' most valuable player at quarterback in 1975 and 1976. In 1977, he was awarded the Big Ten Medal of Honor, recognizing one student athlete from the graduating class of each Big Ten member school, for demonstrating joint athletic and academic excellence throughout their college career.


title: Tony Dungy

text: After going undrafted, Dungy signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers as a free agent and was converted to defensive back, going on to play three seasons in the NFL. His best season was in 1978, when he intercepted six passes and won a championship ring with the Steelers in Super Bowl XIII.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy is the most recent NFL player to intercept a pass and throw an interception in the same game. Dungy was the emergency quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers in a 1977 game against the Houston Oilers when both Terry Bradshaw and Mike Kruczek went down with injuries on October 9.


title: Tony Dungy

text: In 1982, he was named defensive backfield coach, and was promoted in 1984 to defensive coordinator. Following a 5–11 season in 1988, Steelers owner Dan Rooney forced Noll to make changes to his coaching staff, which included demoting Dungy back to defensive backs coach.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy became an NFL head coach when he was hired by Rich McKay to reform the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, a team then well known for its lack of success, on January 22, 1996. Dungy installed his version of the Cover 2 defense with defensive coordinator Monte Kiffin with a few new wrinkles. The result was the now-famous Tampa 2, though Dungy openly admitted it was based on concepts he had picked up from his days in Pittsburgh.


title: Tony Dungy

text: The following season, the Buccaneers won Super Bowl XXXVII, their first appearance in the championship game. Dungy was fired the prior season and replaced with Jon Gruden, because he could not quite get the team there. However, he has been credited by many for constructing the core of that Super Bowl-winning team.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On January 22, 2002, Dungy was hired as head coach of the Indianapolis Colts, a team that at the time was very potent offensively, but very weak defensively. He installed his "Tampa 2" defense immediately and continued to retool the Colts' defense to his liking during his tenure. After joining the Colts, Dungy left the high-powered offense previously installed there by Jim Mora, in both playing style and in personnel, virtually unchanged. Dungy was reunited with Tom Moore, who was retained as offensive coordinator. Moore and Dungy had previously worked together at Minnesota and Pittsburgh.


title: Tony Dungy

text: During his early tenure in Indianapolis, Dungy struggled to fix the Colts' defense and had mixed results in the postseason. In his first season at Indianapolis, the Colts were shut out 41–0 by the New York Jets in a , and the team lost postseason games to the New England Patriots in both 2003 (in the ) and 2004 (in the ). Dungy signed a three-year contract extension in October 2005 for US$5 million per year.


title: Tony Dungy

text: The Colts' 2006 playoff run was characterized by a marked improvement in defensive play, as the Colts defeated the Kansas City Chiefs, holding one of the NFL's best running backs to less than 50 yards, and upset the favored Baltimore Ravens in the divisional round. On January 21, 2007, after trailing 21–3, the Colts defeated the New England Patriots to become AFC champions and advanced to Super Bowl XLI. This was the largest comeback in conference title-game history.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy's career has included several notable firsts. Among them, Dungy is the first NFL head coach to defeat all 32 NFL teams. He was also the youngest assistant coach at age 25 and the youngest coordinator at age 28 in NFL history.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On offense, Tony Dungy's strategy involved a conservative, ball-control offense based primarily around running the ball and short, high-percentage passes when he was at Tampa Bay. At Indianapolis, he inherited and kept the offense designed by offensive coordinator Tom Moore because the offense was in the hands of someone he knew and trusted.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On defense, Dungy used a stifling "Cover 2"-style zone defense, which usually was based around a formation of four linemen, three linebackers, and four defensive backs. The "Cover 2" defense Dungy used involved his linemen rushing the passer, the cornerbacks covering the passing flat area, the linebackers covering the middle of the field, and the safeties providing deep coverage on each half of their respective zones. While the Cover 2 defense was not a new concept, Dungy contributed to its greater use by systemizing it into an every-down defense. The personnel and techniques that Dungy used in this defense were very specific, and as a result, his style of defense earned the moniker of the "Tampa 2" around the NFL.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy is mentioned in the book "Power of Habit", by Charles Duhigg, in chapter 3: "The Golden Rule of Habit Change."


title: Tony Dungy

text: His protege, Lovie Smith, observed, "We talked about how to do it, being a teacher instead of screaming and yelling, all that stuff...


title: Tony Dungy

text: I think as you look to young coaches coming up in the ranks, a lot of us have a picture of how a coach is supposed to be, how he is supposed to act. And I think what Tony Dungy showed me is you don't have to act that way.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy also learned from Noll that it takes all 53 of the players on the team to win so that a coach should train the 53rd player on the roster as he would the third player, which has become the spine of Dungy's own coaching philosophy, the Next Man Up theory of calm coaching. Dungy stressed that a team should have a thought process, a philosophy, and the conviction to stick with it, even if personnel change during the games because of injuries. Dungy said:


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy put his coaching beliefs on his memoir, "Quiet Strength: The Principles, Practices, and Priorities of a Winning Life" (). Cam Cameron, former head coach of the Miami Dolphins, highly recommended the book by buying 1,000 books to give away to football coaches at his preseason coaching clinic in July 2007 in South Florida, and said:


title: Tony Dungy

text: In August 2007, President George W. Bush appointed Dungy a member of the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation. The 25-member council represents leaders from government, business, entertainment, athletics and non-profit organizations committed to growing the spirit of service and civic participation. The two-year appointment requires attendance at two in-person meetings per year and quarterly phone conversations with assigned committees. After receiving the call from President Bush, Dungy remarked "It was something that was really hard to believe. Certainly, when you go into football coaching, you’re not expecting to get presidential appointments to anything."


title: Tony Dungy

text: In March 2009, President Barack Obama invited Dungy to join the Advisory Council on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships. He declined the invitation to join the council because of scheduling conflicts, as he could make only two of 2009's four council meetings, but agreed to be an informal adviser on fatherhood issues.


title: Tony Dungy

text: He had also turned down offers from National Football League Players' Association to become liaison to the NFL.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy is an evangelical Christian, and at one point in his coaching career considered leaving football for the prison ministry. Throughout his career, he has remained involved with community service organizations.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy is married to Lauren Dungy. The couple have 11 children: three biological children and eight adopted children. Their oldest son died by suicide at age 18, outside of Tampa in 2005.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy's tenure in Tampa Bay as the head coach of the Buccaneers brought greater attention to his personal accomplishments outside of sports. He has been active in many community-service organizations in the cities in which he has coached. While in Tampa Bay, Dungy worked as a public speaker for the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Athletes in Action.


title: Tony Dungy

text: He began a mentoring program for young people called Mentors for Life, and provided Buccaneers' tickets for the participants. He also supported other charitable programs in the area such as Big Brothers/Big Sisters, Boys and Girls Club, the Prison Crusade Ministry, foster parenting organizations, and Family First. He continues to assist Big Brothers/Big Sisters and the Boys and Girls Club in Indianapolis. He also supports the Black Coaches Association National Convention and Indiana Black Expo.


title: Tony Dungy

text: After Michael Sam, an openly gay player, was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the 2014 NFL Draft, Dungy said he would not have drafted Sam, saying, "Not because I don't believe Michael Sam should have a chance to play, but I wouldn't want to deal with all of it." The comment drew criticism from some who viewed it as homophobic. Following a backlash, Dungy clarified his remarks, saying that he gave an "honest answer" to a question and that his concern would be with media coverage over Sam if he had been the player's coach. Dungy has also expressed opposition to same-sex marriage.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy is opposed to abortion, and it was announced that he will be a keynote speaker at the 2023 March for Life.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On September 6, 2007, "The Indianapolis Star" reported that the Davie-Brown Index (DBI), an independent celebrity-rating service for advertisers, placed Dungy in the top 15 of the 900 actors, musicians, TV personalities, and sports celebrities it ranks for overall appeal, putting him on a level with actors such as Tom Hanks and Morgan Freeman. Among sports figures, he ranks second to Hank Aaron.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On February 27, 2008, Indiana Wesleyan University honored Dungy in a ceremony where he was inducted into IWU's Society of World Changers. Dungy also received an honorary doctorate of humane letters from the university.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Since retirement, Dungy has become an informal mentor to the formerly suspended NFL player Michael Vick, counseling him during his incarceration, serving as his advocate in trying to get a team to have him on the roster regardless of whatever distraction could arise from having him on the roster (the Philadelphia Eagles later signed Vick to the team).


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy's memoir, "Quiet Strength: The Principles, Practices, and Priorities of a Winning Life", was released on July 10, 2007 and reached No. 1 on the hardcover nonfiction section of the "New York Times" Best Seller list on August 5, 2007 and again on September 9, 2007. Tyndale House Publishers said it was the first NFL-related book ever ranked No. 1. When asked why he wrote "Quiet Strength", Dungy said,


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy said he had actually gotten "more satisfaction" from the success of "Quiet Strength" than the Super Bowl win. That is because, he said, "I’ve gotten so many calls and letters from people saying they really got something out of it, something that helped them." On January 10, 2008, "Quiet Strength" reached 1 million copies in print. "Quiet Strength" was on the "New York Times" Best Seller List for 32 weeks, including 27 in the top 10 for hardcover nonfiction.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy also published a 96-page paperback called "Quiet Strength: Men's Bible Study" on July 18, 2007. Dungy challenged men to answer six questions: What's my game plan? What's my strength? What's success? Where's my security? What's my significance? And, what's my legacy? The book is aimed specifically at men, including those who may not otherwise be interested in spiritual matters.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy published a 24-page children's picture book called "You Can Do It" with Little Simon Inspirations, a division of Simon & Schuster on July 8, 2008, reached number one on the children's picture books section of the "New York Times" best seller list on July 27, 2008 and stayed on the top 10 for 5 weeks. The book tells the story of Dungy's younger brother Linden who struggles, then figures out his life dream and is encouraged by his family to follow that dream as a dentist. Dungy said that his other hopes for "You Can Do It" were that it would encourage parents to read to their kids and that kids would learn the lesson of pursuing whatever field they were talented in, even if it might not be the popular thing to do.


title: Tony Dungy

text: Dungy has also published "Uncommon: Finding Your Path to Significance", a book revealing lessons on achieving significance that Dungy has learned. The book, released on February 17, 2009, with Tyndale House Publishers, particularly focuses on what it means to be a man of significance in a culture that is offering young men few positive role models. Dungy said,


title: Tony Dungy

text: "Uncommon" reached number two on the hardcover advice section of the "New York Times" best seller list and stayed on the top 10 for 9 weeks.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On August 3, 2010, Dungy released a new book entitled "The Mentor Leader", which debuted at number two and stayed on the top 10 for 5 weeks on the hardcover advice section of the "New York Times" list.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On January 11, 2011, Dungy and wife Lauren released a new book entitled "You Can Be a Friend". Their story teaches children what it means to be a good friend. The book debuted at number seven and stayed on the top 10 for 1 week on the children's picture books section of "The New York Times" best seller list.


title: Tony Dungy

text: On January 22, 2019, Dungy released a new book entitled "The Soul of a Team". The book was co-written with Nathan Whitaker, and their story illustrates what separates the truly great teams from the mediocre ones. "Simply put, a team that has SOUL can and will accomplish far more than one that doesn’t.” Dungy writes.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: The Miracle of the Sun (), also known as the Miracle of Fátima, is a series of events reported to have occurred miraculously on 13 October 1917, attended by a large crowd who had gathered in Fátima, Portugal, in response to a prophecy made by three shepherd children, Lúcia Santos and Francisco and Jacinta Marto. The prophecy was that the Virgin Mary (referred to as Our Lady of Fátima), would appear and perform miracles on that date. Newspapers published testimony from witnesses who said that they had seen extraordinary solar activity, such as the Sun appearing to "dance" or zig-zag in the sky, careen towards the Earth, or emit multicolored light and radiant colors. According to these reports, the event lasted approximately ten minutes.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: The local bishop opened a canonical investigation of the event in November 1917, to review witness accounts and assess whether the alleged private revelations from Mary were compatible with Catholic theology. The local priest conducting the investigation was particularly convinced by the concurring testimony of extraordinary solar phenomena from secular reporters, government officials, and other skeptics in attendance. Bishop José da Silva declared the miracle "worthy of belief" on 13 October 1930, permitting "officially the cult of Our Lady of Fatima" within the Catholic Church.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: At a gathering on 13 October 1951 at Fátima, the papal legate, Cardinal Federico Tedeschini, told the million people attending that on 30 October, 31 October, 1 November, and 8 November 1950, Pope Pius XII himself witnessed the miracle of the Sun from the Vatican gardens. The early and enduring interest in the miracle and related prophecies has had a significant impact on the devotional practices of many Catholics.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: There has been much analysis of the event from critical sociological and scientific perspectives. According to critics, the eyewitness testimony was actually a collection of inconsistent and contradictory accounts. Proposed alternative explanations include witnesses being deceived by their senses due to prolonged staring at the Sun and then seeing something unusual as expected.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: Beginning in the spring of 1916, three Catholic shepherd children living near Fátima reported apparitions of an angel, and starting in May 1917, apparitions of the Virgin Mary, whom the children described as the Lady of the Rosary. The children reported a prophecy that prayer would lead to an end to the Great War, and that on 13 October of that year the Lady would reveal her identity and perform a miracle "so that all may believe." Newspapers reported the prophecies, and many pilgrims began visiting the area. The children's accounts were deeply controversial, drawing intense criticism from both local secular and religious authorities. A provisional administrator briefly took the children into custody, believing the prophecies were politically motivated in opposition to the officially secular First Portuguese Republic established in 1910.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: Estimates of the number of people present range from 30,000 and 40,000, by Avelino de Almeida writing for the Portuguese newspaper , to 100,000, estimated by lawyer José Almeida Garrett.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: Various claims have been made as to what actually happened during the event. According to many witnesses, after a period of rain, the dark clouds broke and the Sun appeared as an opaque, spinning disc in the sky. It was said to be significantly duller than normal, and to cast multicolored lights across the landscape, the people, and the surrounding clouds. The Sun was then reported to have careened towards the Earth before zig-zagging back to its normal position. Witnesses reported that their previously wet clothes became "suddenly and completely dry, as well as the wet and muddy ground that had been previously soaked because of the rain that had been falling". Not all witnesses reported seeing the Sun "dance". Some people only saw the radiant colors. Several people saw nothing.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: Skeptic Brian Dunning commented on an image commonly mistaken for a photograph of the sun taken at Fatima: "An old black and white photograph of the actual sun miracle event shows a lot of dark rain clouds behind some trees and the sun poking through. There is certainly nothing in the photograph that looks unusual, but of course a photograph is static. Whatever the crowd saw was not interesting enough to be noticeable in a photograph". The photograph, originally published in 1951 by was subsequently determined to have been taken approximately eight years later in a different Portugal town of a different solar phenomena. The misattributed image, however, continues to circulate on the internet.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: The three children (Lúcia dos Santos and her cousins Jacinta and Francisco Marto) who originally claimed to have seen Our Lady of Fátima also reported seeing a panorama of visions, including those of Jesus, Our Lady of Sorrows, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and Saint Joseph blessing the people. In the fourth edition of her memoirs, written in 1941, Lúcia said that on the occasion of their third visit to the Cova da Iria, on 13 July 1917, she asked the Lady to tell them who she was, and to perform a miracle so that everyone would believe. The Lady told her that they should continue to come to the Cova each month until October, when the requested miracle would occur.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: Descriptions of the events reported at Fátima were collected by Father John De Marchi, an Italian Catholic priest and researcher. De Marchi spent seven years in Fátima, from 1943 to 1950, conducting research and interviewing the principals at length. In "The Immaculate Heart" (1952), De Marchi reported that, "[t]heir ranks (those present on 13 October) included believers and non-believers, pious old ladies and scoffing young men. Hundreds, from these mixed categories, have given formal testimony. Reports do vary; impressions are in minor details confused, but none to our knowledge has directly denied the visible prodigy of the sun."


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: De Marchi authored several books on the subject, such as "The True Story of Fátima". They include a number of witness descriptions:


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: De Marchi also drew on the newspaper account written by Avelino de Almeida, a journalist sent by the newspaper , who described in detail the reactions of the crowd.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: The event was declared of "supernatural character" by the Catholic Church in 1930. A shrine was built near the site in Fátima, which has been attended by thousands of faithful.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: Pope Pius XII approved the "Fatima apparitions" in 1940. Four times during the week that he declared the dogma of the Assumption of Mary (33 years after the actual event said to have occurred in Fátima), Pope Pius XII claimed to have witnessed the same "Miracle of the Sun". At 4:00p.m. on 30 October 1950, during a walk in the Vatican gardens, he arrived at the statue of Our Lady of Lourdes and began to see the miracle. He described himself in handwritten notes as "awestruck." He saw the same miracle on 31 October, again on 1 November (the date of the definition of the dogma) and then again on 8 November. He wrote that on other days at about the same time he tried to see if he could observe the Miracle of the Sun, but was unable to. He confided this information to a number of Vatican cardinals, to Sr. Pascalina Lehnert (the nun in charge of the papal apartments and his secretary) and finally to handwritten notes (discovered in 2008) that were later placed on display at the Vatican.


title: Miracle of the Sun

text: In 2017, Pope Francis approved the recognition of a miracle involving two of the children involved in the Fátima event, Francisco and Jacinta Marto, which paved the way for their canonization.