title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine's side-effect profile is very similar to other SSRIs: constipation, gastrointestinal problems, headache, anxiety, irritation, sexual problems, dry mouth, sleep problems and a risk of suicide at the start of treatment by lifting the psychomotor inhibition, but these effects appear to be significantly weaker than with other SSRIs (except gastrointestinal side-effects). The tolerance profile is superior in some respects to other SSRIs, particularly with respect to cardiovascular complications, despite its age.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: In many countries (e.g., Australia, the UK, and Russia) it is commonly used for major depressive disorder. Fluvoxamine is also approved in the United States for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) , and social anxiety disorder. In Japan it is also approved to treat OCD, social anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder. Fluvoxamine is indicated for children and adolescents with OCD. The drug works long-term, and retains its therapeutic efficacy for at least one year. It has also been found to possess some analgesic properties in line with other SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants. There is tentative evidence that fluvoxamine may help some people with negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine is also effective for treating a range of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and separation anxiety disorder.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Gastrointestinal side effects are more common in those receiving fluvoxamine. Fluvoxamine's side-effect profile is very similar to other SSRIs.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine may also elevate plasma levels of olanzapine by approximately two times. Combined olanzapine and fluvoxamine should be used cautiously and controlled clinically and by therapeutic drug monitoring to avoid olanzapine induced adverse effects and/or intoxication.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: The plasma levels of oxidatively metabolized benzodiazepines (e.g., triazolam, midazolam, alprazolam and diazepam) are likely to be increased when co-administered with fluvoxamine. However the clearance of benzodiazepines metabolized by glucuronidation (e.g., lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam) is unlikely to be affected by fluvoxamine. It appears that benzodiazepines metabolized by nitro-reduction (clonazepam, nitrazepam) are unlikely to be affected by fluvoxamine.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Using fluvoxamine and alprazolam together can increase alprazolam plasma concentrations. If alprazolam is coadministered with fluvoxamine, the initial alprazolam dose should be reduced to the lowest effective dose.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine has been observed to increase serum concentrations of mirtazapine, which is mainly metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, by three- to four-fold in humans. Caution and adjustment of dosage as necessary are warranted when combining fluvoxamine and mirtazapine.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine seriously affects the pharmacokinetics of tizanidine and increases the intensity and duration of its effects. Because of the potentially hazardous consequences, the concomitant use of tizanidine with fluvoxamine, or other potent inhibitors of CYP1A2, should be avoided.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine is a potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with around 100-fold affinity for the serotonin transporter over the norepinephrine transporter. It has negligible affinity for the dopamine transporter or any other site, with the sole exception of the σ receptor. It behaves as a potent agonist at this receptor and has the highest affinity (36 nM) of any SSRI for doing so. This may contribute to its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and may also afford it some efficacy in treating the cognitive symptoms of depression. Unlike some other SSRI, fluvoxamine's metabolites are pharmacologically neutral.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine was developed by Kali-Duphar, part of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Belgium, now Abbott Laboratories, and introduced as Floxyfral in Switzerland in 1983. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1994, and introduced as Luvox in the US. In India, it is available, among several other brands, as Uvox by Abbott. It was one of the first SSRI antidepressants to be launched, and is prescribed in many countries to patients with major depression.<ref name="Cochrane 2010/2013"></ref> It was the first SSRI, a non-TCA drug, approved by the U.S. FDA specifically for the treatment of OCD. At the end of 1995, more than ten million patients worldwide had been treated with fluvoxamine. Fluvoxamine was the first SSRI to be registered for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder in children by the FDA in 1997. In Japan, fluvoxamine was the first SSRI to be approved for the treatment of depression in 1999 and was later in 2005 the first drug to be approved for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. Fluvoxamine was the first SSRI approved for clinical use in the United Kingdom.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: There is tentative evidence fluvoxamine might be useful for reducing COVID-19 disease severity if given as an early treatment. In Canada, Ontario's COVID-19 Advisory had approved it for usage if other preferred treatments were unavailable.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: In May 2022, based on a review of available scientific evidence, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refused to issue an emergency use authorization covering the use of fluvoxamine to treat COVID-19, saying that, at the time, the data was not sufficient to conclude that fluvoxamine may be effective in treating non-hospitalized people with COVID-19 to prevent serious illness or hospitalization. The agency stated that study results suggest that further clinical trials may be warranted.


title: Fluvoxamine

text: Fluvoxamine is a common finding in waters near human settlement. Christensen "et al." 2007 finds it is "very toxic to aquatic organisms" by European Union standards.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. That line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde islands (already Portuguese) and the islands entered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile and León), named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antillia (Cuba and Hispaniola).


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Castile, modifying an earlier division proposed by Pope Alexander VI. The treaty was signed by Spain, , and by Portugal, . The other side of the world was divided a few decades later by the Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on , which specified the to the line of demarcation specified in the Treaty of Tordesillas. Originals of both treaties are kept at the General Archive of the Indies in Spain and at the Torre do Tombo National Archive in Portugal.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Despite considerable lack of information regarding the geography of the New World, Portugal and Spain largely respected the treaty. The other European powers, however, did not sign the treaty and generally ignored it, particularly those that became Protestant after the Reformation. Similarly, the indigenous peoples of the Americas did not acknowledge the treaty, and as the legal foundation for the discovery doctrine, it has been a source of ongoing tension regarding land ownership into modern times.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Treaty of Tordesillas was intended to solve the dispute that arose following the return of Christopher Columbus and his crew, who had sailed under the Crown of Castile. On his way back to Spain he first stopped at Lisbon, where he requested another meeting with King John II to prove to him that there were more islands to the southwest of the Canary Islands.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: After learning of the Castilian-sponsored voyage, the Portuguese King sent a threatening letter to the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, stating that by the Treaty of Alcáçovas signed in 1479 and by the 1481 papal bull "Aeterni regis" that granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to Portugal, all of the lands discovered by Columbus belonged, in fact, to Portugal. The Portuguese king also stated that he was already making arrangements for a fleet (an armada led by Francisco de Almeida) to depart shortly and take possession of the new lands. After reading the letter the Catholic Monarchs knew they did not have any military power in the Atlantic to match the Portuguese, so they pursued a diplomatic way out. On 1493 Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), an Aragonese from Valencia by birth, decreed in the bull "Inter caetera" that all lands west of a pole-to-pole line 100 leagues west of any of the islands of the Azores or the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Castile, although territory under Christian rule as of Christmas 1492 would remain untouched. The bull did not mention Portugal or its lands, so Portugal could not claim newly discovered lands even if they were east of the line. Another bull, "Dudum siquidem", entitled "Extension of the Apostolic Grant and Donation of the Indies" and dated 1493, gave all mainlands and islands, "at one time or even still belonging to India" to Spain, even if east of the line.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Portuguese King John II was not pleased with that arrangement, feeling that it gave him far too little land—it prevented him from possessing India, his near term goal. By 1493 Portuguese explorers had reached the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope. The Portuguese were unlikely to go to war over the islands encountered by Columbus, but the explicit mention of India was a major issue. As the Pope had not made changes, the Portuguese king opened direct negotiations with the Catholic Monarchs to move the line to the west and allow him to claim newly discovered lands east of the line. In the bargain, John accepted "Inter caetera" as the starting point of discussion with Ferdinand and Isabella but had the boundary line moved 270 leagues west, protecting the Portuguese route down the coast of Africa and giving the Portuguese rights to lands that now constitute the eastern quarter of Brazil. As one scholar assessed the results, "both sides must have known that so vague a boundary could not be accurately fixed, and each thought that the other was deceived, [concluding that it was a] diplomatic triumph for Portugal, confirming to the Portuguese not only the true route to India, but most of the South Atlantic".


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The treaty was negotiated without consulting Pope Alexander VI and effectively countered his bulls. However, it was subsequently sanctioned by his successor Pope Julius II by means of the bull "Ea quae pro bono pacis" of and therefore some sources call the resulting line the "Papal Line of Demarcation".


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Very little of the newly divided area had actually been seen by Europeans, as it was only divided via the treaty. Castile gained lands including most of the Americas, which in 1494 had little proven wealth. The easternmost part of current Brazil was granted to Portugal when in 1500 Pedro Álvares Cabral landed there while he was en route to India. Some historians contend that the Portuguese already knew of the South American bulge that makes up most of Brazil before this time, so his landing in Brazil was not an accident. One scholar points to Cabral's landing on the Brazilian coast 12 degrees farther south than the expected Cape São Roque, such that "the likelihood of making such a landfall as a result of freak weather or navigational error was remote; and it is highly probable that Cabral had been instructed to investigate a coast whose existence was not merely suspected, but already known".


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The line was not strictly enforced—the Spanish did not resist the Portuguese expansion of Brazil across the meridian. However, Spain attempted to stop the Portuguese advance in Asia, by claiming the meridian line ran around the world, dividing the whole world in half rather than just the Atlantic. Portugal pushed back, seeking another papal pronouncement that limited the line of demarcation to the Atlantic. This was given by Pope Leo X, who was friendly toward Portugal and its discoveries, in 1514 in the bull "Praecelsae devotionis".


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The divided possessions sanctioned by the treaty continued, even when Spain and Portugal were united under a single king between 1580 and 1640, until the treaty was superseded by the 1750 Treaty of Madrid.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Emerging Protestant maritime powers, particularly England and The Netherlands, and other third parties such as Catholic France, did not recognize the division of the world between only two Catholic nations brokered by the pope.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Treaty of Tordesillas only specified the line of demarcation in leagues from the Cape Verde Islands. It did not specify the line in degrees, nor did it identify the specific island or the specific length of its league. Instead, the treaty stated that these matters were to be settled by a joint voyage, which never occurred. The number of degrees can be determined via a ratio of marine leagues to degrees applied to the earth regardless of its assumed size, or via a specific marine league applied to the true size of the earth, called "our sphere" by historian Henry Harrisse.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Initially, the line of demarcation did not encircle the earth. Instead, Spain and Portugal could conquer any new lands they were the first to discover, Spain to the west and Portugal to the east, even if they passed each other on the other side of the globe. But Portugal's discovery of the highly valued Moluccas in 1512 caused Spain to argue in 1518 that the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the earth into two equal hemispheres. After the surviving ships of Magellan's fleet visited the Moluccas in 1521, Spain claimed that those islands were within its western hemisphere. In the early 16th century, the Treaty between Spain and Portugal, concluded at Vitoria; 19 February 1524 and called for the Badajoz Junta to meet in 1524, at which the two countries tried to reach an agreement on the anti-meridian but failed. They finally agreed in a treaty signed at Zaragoza that Spain would relinquish its claims to the Moluccas upon the payment of 350,000 ducats of gold by Portugal to Spain. To prevent Spain from encroaching upon Portugal's Moluccas, the anti-meridian was to be leagues or 17° to the east of the Moluccas, passing through the islands of Las Velas and Santo Thome. This distance is slightly smaller than the 300 leagues determined by Magellan as the westward distance from los Ladrones to the Philippine island of Samar, which is just west of due north of the Moluccas.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Moluccas are a group of islands west of New Guinea. However, unlike the large modern Indonesian archipelago of the Maluku Islands, to 16th-century Europeans the Moluccas were a small chain of islands, the only place on earth where cloves grew, just west of the large north Malukan island of Halmahera (called Gilolo at the time). Cloves were so prized by Europeans for their medicinal uses that they were worth their weight in gold. 16th- and 17th-century maps and descriptions indicate that the main islands were Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian and Bacan, although the last was often ignored even though it was by far the largest island. The principal island was Ternate at the chain's northern end (0°47′N, only in diameter) on whose southwest coast the Portuguese built a stone fort (Forte de São João Baptista de Ternate) during 1522–23, which could only be repaired, not modified, according to the Treaty of Saragossa. This north–south chain occupies two degrees of latitude bisected by the equator at about 127°24′E, with Ternate, Tidore, Moti, and Makian north of the equator and Bacan south of it.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Although the treaty's Santo Thome island has not been identified, its "Islas de las Velas" (Islands of the Sails) appear in a 1585 Spanish history of China, on the 1594 world map of Petrus Plancius, on an anonymous map of the Moluccas in the 1598 London edition of Linschoten, and on the 1607 world map of Petro Kærio, identified as a north–south chain of islands in the northwest Pacific, which were also called the "Islas de los Ladrones" (Islands of the Thieves) during that period. Their name was changed by Spain in 1667 to "Islas de las Marianas" (Mariana Islands), which include Guam at their southern end. Guam's longitude of 144°45′E is east of the Moluccas' longitude of 127°24′E by 17°21′, which is remarkably close by 16th-century standards to the treaty's 17° east. This longitude passes through the eastern end of the main north Japanese island of Hokkaidō and through the eastern end of New Guinea, which is where Frédéric Durand placed the demarcation line. Moriarty and Keistman placed the demarcation line at 147°E by measuring 16.4° east from the western end of New Guinea (or 17° east of 130°E). Despite the treaty's clear statement that the demarcation line passes 17° east of the Moluccas, some sources place the line just east of the Moluccas.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Treaty of Saragossa did not modify or clarify the line of demarcation in the Treaty of Tordesillas, nor did it validate Spain's claim to equal hemispheres (180° each), so the two lines divided the earth into unequal hemispheres. Portugal's portion was roughly 191° whereas Spain's portion was roughly 169°. Both portions have a large uncertainty of ±4° because of the wide variation in the opinions regarding the location of the Tordesillas line.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Portugal gained control of all lands and seas west of the Saragossa line, including all of Asia and its neighboring islands so far discovered, leaving Spain most of the Pacific Ocean. Although the Philippines were not named in the treaty, Spain implicitly relinquished any claim to them because they were well west of the line. Nevertheless, by 1542, King Charles I of Spain (who was also Emperors Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire) decided to colonize the Philippines, judging that Portugal would not protest because the archipelago had no spices. Although a number of expeditions sent from New Spain arrived in the Philippines, they were unable to establish a settlement because the return route across the Pacific was unknown. King Philip II succeeded in 1565 when he sent Miguel López de Legazpi and Andrés de Urdaneta, establishing the initial Spanish trading post at Cebu and later founding Manila in 1571.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Besides Brazil and the Moluccas, Portugal eventually controlled Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea, and São Tomé and Príncipe (among other territories and bases) in Africa; several bases or territories as Muscat, Ormus and Bahrain in the Persian Gulf, Goa, Bombay and Daman and Diu (among other coastal cities) in India; Ceylon, and Malacca, bases in present-day Indonesia as Makassar, Solor, Ambon, and Portuguese Timor, the "entrepôt"-base of Macau and the entrepôt-enclave of Dejima (Nagasaki) in the Far East.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Spain, on the other hand, would control vast western regions in the Americas, in areas ranging from the present-day United States to present-day Argentina, an empire that would extend to the Philippines, and bases in Ternate and Formosa (17th century).


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The treaty was important in dividing Latin America, as well as establishing Spain in the western Pacific. However, it quickly became obsolete in North America, and later in Asia and Africa, where it affected colonization. It was ignored by other European nations, and with the decline of Spanish and Portuguese power, the home countries were unable to hold many of their claims, much less expand them into poorly explored areas. Thus, with sufficient backing, it became possible for any European state to colonize open territories, or those weakly held by Lisbon or Madrid. With the fall of Malacca to the Dutch, the VOC (Dutch East India Company) took control of Portuguese possessions in Indonesia, claiming Western New Guinea and Western Australia, as New Holland. Eastern Australia remained in the Spanish half of the world until claimed for Britain by James Cook in 1770. That said, "the current border between Western Australia on the one hand, and South Australia and the Northern Territory on the other hand (originally the western border of New South Wales, 1788) is still based on the Tordesillas line [...] rather than on Australian Aboriginal tribal boundaries".


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The attitude towards the treaty that other governments had was expressed by France's Francis I, who declared, "The sun shines for me as it does for others. I would very much like to see the clause of Adam’s will by which I should be denied my share of the world."


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: On January 13, 1750, King John V of Portugal and Ferdinand VI of Spain signed the Treaty of Madrid, in which both parties sought to establish the borders between Brazil and Spanish America, admitting that the Treaty of Tordesillas, as it had been envisioned in 1494 had been superseded, and was considered void. Spanish sovereignty was acknowledged over the Philippines, while Portugal would get the territory of the Amazon River basin. Portugal would relinquish the colony of Sacramento, on the northern bank of the River Plata in modern-day Uruguay, while getting the territory of the Seven Missions.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Following the Guarani War, the treaty was annulled by Spain and Portugal in the Treaty of El Pardo (1761). The border was eventually settled in the First Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, with Spain acquiring territories east of the Uruguay River and Portugal acquiring territories in the Amazon Basin.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Treaty of Tordesillas was invoked by Chile in the 20th century to defend the principle of an Antarctic sector extending along a meridian to the South Pole, as well as the assertion that the treaty made Spanish (or Portuguese) all undiscovered land south to the Pole.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: Indonesia took possession of Netherlands New Guinea in 1962, supporting its claim by stating that the former Dutch East Indies territory and the Empire of Majapahit had included western New Guinea, and that it was part of the Treaty of Tordesillas.


title: Treaty of Tordesillas

text: The Treaty of Tordesillas was also invoked by Argentina in the 20th century as part of its claim to the Falkland Islands.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The game was released on 9 September 2022 and received generally favorable reviews from critics. As of 30 September 2022, "Splatoon 3" has sold 7.90 million copies worldwide, making it the fastest selling game in the franchise and one of the best-selling Switch games.


title: Splatoon 3

text: Like its predecessors, "Splatoon 3" is a third-person shooter. Players choose to be either an "Inkling" or "Octoling" as their player character. Both wield weaponry that shoots colored ink. Weapons are diverse in ability and imagery, with most resembling household objects. For example, Rollers are large paint rollers that can cover large amounts of area in ink but are generally limited to close-range combat. At the same time, Chargers are sniper rifle-like weapons with a long range for sniping opponents but are less effective at painting the ground. "Splatoon 3" expands upon this by adding new main and special weapons to the game. Inklings and Octolings also have the ability to morph into a squid or octopus form respectively. This form is referred to as the "swim form", and can be used to climb ink-covered walls or swim through ink faster than the humanoid forms can walk. Weapons have a finite amount of ink ammunition, and submerging in ink via the swim form replenishes it quicker than in humanoid form. All basic weapons from the prior "Splatoon" games return in "Splatoon 3".


title: Splatoon 3

text: Returning from its predecessor as a playable online multiplayer game mode is Regular Battle, known as Turf War. In Regular Battles, two teams of four players compete to cover the most amount of the map's area in their respective ink color. Each team can cover over an area covered by the opponents ink with their own color. The opposing team's ink slows movement, gradually deals damage and prevents the use of the player's swim form if the player is in the opponents ink. Each player is equipped with a weapon set, chosen before each match, and each set comes with additional secondary and special weapons in addition to its main weapon. Secondary weapons provide alternate forms of attacking the other team and inking the ground; for example, Splat Bombs that explode a second after contact with a surface and Burst Bombs that explode upon impact. When enough ground is covered in a player's ink, they may use a special weapon, which are primarily used to attack the opposing team. Weapons and other forms of attack can deal damage to opposing players; when enough damage is given, they will "splat" their opponent, forcing them to restart from their starting location. Matches last three minutes, and whichever team covers a higher percentage of the field at the end of the match is declared the winner.


title: Splatoon 3

text: Once a player gains enough experience points to reach level 10, or by transferring save data from "Splatoon 2", they gain access to a ranked mode called "Anarchy Battles", featuring several different battle types. Clam Blitz sees players collect golden clams and deposit them in the opponent's goals, with the team who deposited the most clams by the end of the match declared the winner. In Splat Zones, two teams aim to control "splat zones" for a set amount of time. The splat zones are considered "controlled" when they are 70% covered in a single team's ink. Similarly, Tower Control requires a team to control a moving tower. When the tower is controlled by one team, it moves toward that team's goal line, passing checkpoints along the way, with a team winning when the tower reaches their goal line. In Rainmaker, players attempt to carry the rainmaker item from the center of the map to a pedestal on the opponent's side of the map.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The game also features monthly "Splatfests", where players choose to join one of three teams (compared to two in the previous games) over a particular theme and over two days engage in matches to gain the most points for victory. In "Splatoon 3", a "Tricolor Turf War" can occur during the second half of a Splatfest, where the team currently in the lead plays a defensive role, in which they aim to prevent two players from each of the other teams from taking control of the Ultra Signal located at the center of the map.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The co-op PvE mode Salmon Run also returns, titled ""Salmon Run Next Wave"". "Salmon Run Next Wave" follows the same basic gameplay as it does in "Splatoon 2", where the player, employed by Grizzco Industries, teams up with three other players to fight waves of enemies known as "Salmonids". The main goal is to collect Golden Eggs, obtained by splatting special enemies known as "Boss Salmonids", and carry them to a basket. Each "shift" typically lasts three waves, though, in "Next Wave", a fourth "Xtrawave" sometimes occurs, where players team up to fight a King Salmonid. By successfully meeting the quota of golden eggs for all waves in a shift, the player can increase their rank within Grizzco. "Next Wave" adds the ability to throw golden eggs along with new enemies and new "Known Occurrence" events. Salmon Run is also no longer limited to certain times of day; players are able to access Salmon Run 24/7, even during Splatfests. A new addition to "Splatoon 3" is "Big Run", an event where Salmonids invade the city of Splatsville. The salmonids will invade the online multiplayer stages and the community has to defend Splatsville. After a few days, the event ends and the players that participated will get a prize. This event is set to occur every few months.


title: Splatoon 3

text: A new mode present in "Splatoon 3" is Tableturf Battle, a digital collectible card game in which players build a deck composed of collected trading cards. In Tableturf Battle, each card can be used to apply a pattern to a grid, and after a "special attack" is charged, it can be used to place a pattern that overwrites the opponent's patterns.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The "Splatoon" games take place on a version of Earth set far in the future after the extinction of humanity, where much of ocean life has evolved to live on land. "Splatoon 3" takes place five years after the events of "Splatoon 2" (specifically, the events of "Splatoon 3" actually take place parallel to the real world, similar to real time) in the Splatlands, a sun-scorched desert inhabited by battle-hardened Inklings and Octolings, and Splatsville, a city of chaos that seems to have developed rapidly since the last Splatfest, Chaos vs. Order. The main hub world of "Splatoon 3" is known as "Splatsville", nicknamed "the city of chaos", and is located in a different region from the previous two games' hub of "Inkopolis" known as "the Splatlands". The story mode of "Splatoon 3", titled "Return of the Mammalians", is set in a new location called "Alterna". It focuses on the reappearance of mammals, which have been long-extinct.


title: Splatoon 3

text: Upon following the elderly squid Craig Cuttlefish down a sewer, the player and their Smallfry friend, known as "Little Buddy", find themselves in a crater covered with a lethal, fuzzy ooze and must fight Octarians covered in fur; Smallfry is able to eat and destroy some of the ooze. Cuttlefish enlists the player as Agent 3 of the New Squidbeak Splatoon and tasks them with recovering the once-again-missing Great Zapfish, which powers Splatsville. As they travel down the crater, they attempt to contact Agents 1 and 2, Callie and Marie of the Squid Sisters, to pick them up. However, their conversation is wiretapped by Octarian leader DJ Octavio, who accuses Cuttlefish of taking his Octarian warriors and denies taking the Zapfish. After defeating DJ Octavio, the ground breaks open, sending Agent 3 and Smallfry falling into the remains of an underground city known as "Alterna", also covered with the fuzzy ooze and containing a massive rocket at the center. They meet Callie, Marie, and the Captain (the player protagonist of the first game and the original Agent 3), who ask them to explore the city and find Cuttlefish. Aided by an artificial intelligence called O.R.C.A, they explore the city, which the fuzzy Octarians have turned into a base. They are forced at times to fight the Splatlands idols, Deep Cut (composed of Frye, Shiver, and Big Man), who claim the city contains valuable treasure (which appears to be nothing but piles of junk) and want it for themselves. As Agent 3 explores, they discover that Cuttlefish has been captured by Grizzco CEO Mr. Grizz, who has also stolen the Zapfish and the Octarian army.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The New Squidbeak Splatoon deduces that Cuttlefish must be on the rocket and constructs a lawnmower using the treasures, which they use to cut the fuzzy ooze around the rocket. Deep Cut, who had been searching for the treasure to help out the citizens of Splatsville, are given the treasure without a fight as the New Squidbeak Splatoon no longer needs it. They form an alliance with the New Squidbeak Splatoon and become the Squid Sisters' employees. Agent 3 climbs the rocket, reaching a dehydrated and seemingly dead Cuttlefish and Mr. Grizz, who is revealed to be a massive bear and one of the only remaining mammals left. Grizz explains that, powered by the Great Zapfish and golden salmon eggs, the rocket is rigged to explode and cover the entire Earth in fuzzy ooze, reviving mammal life at the expense of all marine life. While Cuttlefish is revived in primitive squid form by the Captain's tears, Grizz launches the rocket, but Deep Cut provides Agent 3 a lift onto it with help from their tamed eels and shark. Agent 3 and Smallfry defeat Mr. Grizz, who attempts to crash into the planet as a last-ditch effort. However, DJ Octavio arrives in an upgraded mech and assists Agent 3 in vacuuming up the fuzzy ooze, while Smallfry, powered by a new rendition of the "heavenly melody" Calamari Inkantation, transforms into "Hugefry" and battles Mr. Grizz atop the rocket. Agent 3 ultimately defeats Grizz and destroys the rocket with a massive blast of Grizz's own fuzzy ooze, leaving him to come to terms with his defeat before the rocket explodes. Agent 3, Smallfry, and Octavio return to Earth with the Great Zapfish, and Deep Cut continues working with the Squid Sisters and premiers their latest single. During the credits, Grizz is shown to have survived and is seen floating in space.


title: Splatoon 3

text: "Splatoon 3" was developed by Nintendo EPD, with additional work done by Monolith Soft, who also assisted in the development of previous "Splatoon" games. The game makes use of NLPN, Nintendo's in-house server system, which supports expanded lobby features and better matchmaking.


title: Splatoon 3

text: At E3 2019, after the announcement of "Splatoon 2"'s final Splatfest, "Chaos vs. Order", "Splatoon" producer Hisashi Nogami stated that a third entry in the series was not currently in development. In an "Ask the Developer" interview on Nintendo's website, it was revealed that the direction of "Splatoon 3"'s world was decided after Team Chaos won "Splatoon 2"'s final Splatfest, with the developers planning for both outcomes before the Splatfest winner was decided.


title: Splatoon 3

text: "Splatoon 3" was first announced with a teaser trailer in a Nintendo Direct on 17 February 2021. The trailer revealed new items, weapons, abilities, and a new apocalyptic design. More details were revealed later that year in September, including the name of "Splatoon 3" single-player mode, "Return of the Mammalians".


title: Splatoon 3

text: A trailer for "Splatoon 3" co-op mode "Salmon Run" premiered at a Nintendo Direct on 9 February 2022. On 22 April 2022, Nintendo uploaded a video to YouTube showing gameplay of the "Turf War" game mode, as well as providing an exact release date. Additionally, was announced to be included with the Expansion Pack tier of Nintendo Switch Online. In July 2022, Nintendo announced a special edition Nintendo Switch OLED model themed on the game, with a release date of 26 August 2022. In addition, the company also announced a "Splatoon 3"-themed Pro Controller and carrying case, which released alongside the game.


title: Splatoon 3

text: On 10 August 2022, Nintendo broadcast a "Splatoon 3"-focused Nintendo Direct, revealing the date for the game's Splatfest World Premiere. Nintendo also announced that the game would have amiibo support, with several new figurines that can be used to take photos with the characters in-game and receive special gear items, similar to past "Splatoon" titles. It also introduced 3 new "idol" characters known Big Man, Shiver, and Frye, collectively referred to as "Deep Cut". On 25 August 2022, a Nintendo Treehouse Presentation was broadcast which showcased the single-player story mode, the multiplayer lobby, alongside weapons, and multiplayer maps.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The pre-launch Splatfest World Premiere event was held on 27 & 28 August 2022 with a rock-paper-scissors theme, with Team Rock being the winner in all regions.


title: Splatoon 3

text: The game was released worldwide on 9 September 2022. In a trailer on 11 October 2022, it was announced that the "Splatoon 3" amiibo would launch on November 11. Announced in the "Splatoon 3" Nintendo Direct, the game is set to receive both large-scale paid DLC and two years of support via free software updates.


title: Splatoon 3

text: "Splatoon 3" received "generally favorable" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic. "IGN" reviewer Brendan Graeber called "3"'s multiplayer "more than just a simple upgrade", citing its additional maps, weapons, bosses, and customization, as well as its revamped lobby system. However, he criticized the game's lack of a "huge addition" similar to "Splatoon 2"'s Salmon Run. Reviewing the game's single-player mode, he appreciated the new take on the series' hub world, as well as the returning ideas from "Splatoon 2"'s "Octo Expansion". He praised the story mode's lore, as well as its characters, while lamenting the reuse of enemies from previous games. He also reviewed Tableturf Battle, calling it a "lackluster card game" that "consistently ends with a whimper instead of a bang".


title: Splatoon 3

text: "Destructoid"'s Chris Carter praised how "Return of the Mammalians" interacted with the game's multiplayer modes, by both teaching the player important mechanics and rewarding them with useful items, as well as appreciating how the story mode was tailored for speedrunning.


title: Splatoon 3

text: Martin Robinson of "Eurogamer" criticized the lack of significant new content, saying that even the largest new additions are not something "that can be applauded too enthusiastically", and other features "basic [ones] you'd expect of a contemporary online multiplayer game". However, he called the "Splatoon" series "one of the most polished, playable and impeccably executed series" from Nintendo. He also compared the game's story mode to the "Mario" franchise, saying that while it evoked some of the best parts of "Super Mario Sunshine", the abstract nature of the levels failed to meet the best "Mario" levels.


title: Splatoon 3

text: "Kotaku"'s Patricia Hernandez lamented the amount of disconnections while playing online, saying that it is "inexcusable".


title: Splatoon 3

text: Brian Shea of "Game Informer" praised the larger amount of content available at launch compares to previous entries in the series, as well as how the game blended new and returning content, calling it the series's "best entry to date". He also praised the game's movement, saying that "few games match the smooth, intuitive mobility Splatoon gives you while submerged and cruising through a map".


title: Splatoon 3

text: "Wired"'s Reid McCarter praised "Splatoon 3"'s praised the game's original, cartoony characters rather than brand crossovers and realistic graphics.


title: Splatoon 3

text: On 8 October 2022, reports emerged that the Japanese VTuber group Sinsogumi were broadcasting pornography by chroma keying ink in "Splatoon 3" in a competition to not be banned from YouTube. In response, Nintendo issued copyright strikes to the videos, and the channels were subsequently terminated, as well as reiterating their policy of the use of screenshots or videos of Nintendo games on their corporate Twitter account. Members of Sinsogumi later apologized, with the group's leader, Ikinone Tomeru, doing so in a dinosaur costume.


title: Splatoon 3

text: On 12 September 2022, Nintendo reported that "Splatoon 3" sold 3.45 million copies domestically within the first three days of launch, making it the second fastest-selling video game of all time in Japan (surpassing the previous record holder "Pokémon Black and White"), as well as one of the best-selling games on the Nintendo Switch. Shares of Nintendo were noted to have increased by 5.5% on the Tuesday following the announcement, the largest increase since December 2020. "Splatoon 3" debuted at the top spot on the UK boxed charts, where it remained for three weeks until being pushed to second place by "FIFA 23". As of 18 October 2022, "Splatoon 3" was reported to be the highest-selling video game of 2022 in Japan, just over one month after its release.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Cajun cuisine ( , ) is a style of cooking developed by the Cajun–Acadians who were deported from Acadia to Louisiana during the 18th century and who incorporated West African, French and Spanish cooking techniques into their original cuisine.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Cajun cuisine is sometimes referred to as a 'rustic cuisine', meaning that it is based on locally available ingredients and that preparation is relatively simple.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: An authentic Cajun meal is usually a three-pot affair, with one pot dedicated to the main dish, one dedicated to steamed rice, specially made sausages, or some seafood dish, and the third containing whatever vegetable is plentiful or available. Crawfish, shrimp, and andouille sausage are staple meats used in a variety of dishes.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The aromatic vegetables green bell pepper (), onion, and celery are called "the trinity" by Cajun chefs in Cajun and Louisiana Creole cuisines. Roughly diced and combined in cooking, the method is similar to the use of the "mirepoix" in traditional French cuisine which blends roughly diced carrot, onion, and celery. Characteristic aromatics for the Creole version may also include parsley, bay leaf, green onions, dried cayenne pepper, and dried black pepper.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The Acadians were a group of French colonists who lived in Acadia, what is today Eastern Canada. In the mid-18th century, they were deported from Acadia by the British during the French and Indian War in what they termed "le Grand Dérangement", and many of them ended up settling in Southern Louisiana.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Due to the extreme change in climate, Acadians were unable to cook their original dishes. Soon, their former culinary traditions were adapted and, in time, incorporated not only Indigenous American traditions, but also African-American traditions--as is exemplified in the classic Cajun dish "Gumbo", which is named for its principal ingredient (Okra) using the West African name for that very ingredient: "Gumbo," in West Africa, means "Okra".


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Many other meals developed along these lines, adapted in no small part from Haiti, to become what is now considered classic Cajun cuisine traditions (not to be confused with the more modern concept associated with Prudhomme's style).


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Up through the 20th century, the meals were not elaborate but instead, rather basic. The public's false perception of "Cajun" cuisine was based on Prudhomme's style of Cajun cooking, which was spicy, flavorful, and not true to the classic form of the cuisine.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Cajun and Creole cuisine have been mistaken to be the same, but the origins of Creole cooking began in New Orleans, and Cajun cooking came 40 years after the establishment of New Orleans. Today, most restaurants serve dishes that consist of Cajun styles, which Paul Prudhomme dubbed "Louisiana cooking". In home-cooking, these individual styles are still kept separate. However, there are fewer and fewer people cooking the classic Cajun dishes that would have been eaten by the original settlers.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Deep-frying of turkeys or oven-roasted turduckens entered southern Louisiana cuisine more recently. Also, blackening of fish or chicken and barbecuing of shrimp in the shell are excluded because they were not prepared in traditional Cajun cuisine. Blackening was actually an invention by chef Paul Prudhomme in the 1970s, becoming associated with Cajun cooking, and presented as such by him, but is not a true historical or traditional Cajun cooking process.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The following is a partial list of ingredients used in Cajun cuisine and some of the staple ingredients of the Acadian food culture.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Cajun foodways include many ways of preserving meat, some of which are waning due to the availability of refrigeration and mass-produced meat at the grocer. Smoking of meats remains a fairly common practice, but once-common preparations such as turkey or duck confit (preserved in poultry fat, with spices) are now seen even by Acadians as quaint rarities.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The recent increase of catfish farming in the Mississippi Delta has brought about an increase in its usage in Cajun cuisine in the place of the more traditional wild-caught trout (the saltwater species).


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Also included in the seafood mix are some so-called trash fish that would not sell at market because of their high bone to meat ratio or required complicated cooking methods. These were brought home by fishermen to feed the family. Examples are garfish, black drum also called "gaspergou" or just "goo", croaker, and bream.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Though parts of Acadiana are well suited to cattle or dairy farming, beef is not often used in a pre-processed or uniquely Cajun form. It is usually prepared fairly simply as chops, stews, or steaks, taking a cue from Texas to the west. Ground beef is used as is traditional throughout the US, although seasoned differently.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Dairy farming is not as prevalent as in the past, but there are still some farms in the business. There are no unique dairy items prepared in Cajun cuisine. Traditional Cajun and New Orleans Creole-influenced desserts are common.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Thyme, sage, mint, marjoram, savory, and basil are considered sweet herbs. In Colonial times a herbes de Provence would be several sweet herbs tied up in a muslin.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Boudin—a type of sausage made from pork, pork liver, rice, garlic, green onions and other spices. It is widely available by the link or pound from butcher shops. "Boudin" is typically stuffed in a natural casing and has a softer consistency than other, better-known sausage varieties. It is usually served with side dishes such as rice dressing, "maque choux" or bread. "Boudin" balls are commonly served in southern Louisiana restaurants and are made by taking the "boudin" out of the case and frying it in spherical form.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Gumbo—High on the list of favorites of Cajun cooking are the soups called gumbos. Contrary to non-Cajun or Continental beliefs, gumbo does not mean simply "everything in the pot". Gumbo exemplifies the influence of French, Spanish, African and Native American food cultures on Cajun cuisine.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: There are two theories as to the etymological origins of the name. "Some believe that gumbo gets its name from the Choctaw word for filé powder, kombo; others suggest it’s taken from the West African Bantu name for okra, ki ngombo." Both filé and okra can be used as thickening agents in gumbo.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Its early existence came via the early French Creole culture In New Orleans, Louisiana, where French, Spanish and Africans frequented and also influenced by later waves of Italian, German and Irish settlers.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: A filé gumbo is thickened with dried sassafras leaves after the stew has finished cooking, a practice borrowed from the Choctaw tribe.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The backbone of a gumbo is roux of which there are two variations: Cajun, a golden-brown roux, and Creole, a dark roux, which is made of flour, toasted until well-browned, and fat or oil.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The classic gumbo is made with chicken and the Cajun sausage called andouille, pronounced {ahn-doo-wee}, but the ingredients vary according to what is available.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Jambalaya—The only certain thing that can be said about jambalaya is that it contains rice, some sort of meat (such as chicken or beef), seafood (such as shrimp or crawfish) plus other items that may be available. Usually, it will include green peppers, onions, celery, tomatoes and hot chili peppers. This is also a great pre-Acadian dish, established by the Spanish in Louisiana.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Rice and gravy—Rice and gravy dishes are a staple of Cajun cuisine and is usually a brown gravy based on pan drippings, which are deglazed and simmered with extra seasonings and served over steamed or boiled rice.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The dish is traditionally made from cheaper cuts of meat and cooked in a cast-iron pot, typically for an extended time period in order to let the tough cuts of meat become tender. Beef, pork, chicken or any of a large variety of game meats are used for its preparation. Popular local varieties include hamburger steak, smothered rabbit, turkey necks, and chicken fricassee.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The crawfish boil is a celebratory event where Cajuns boil crawfish, potatoes, onions and corn in large pots over propane cookers. Lemons and small muslin bags containing a mixture of bay leaves, mustard seeds, cayenne pepper, and other spices, commonly known as "crab boil" or "crawfish boil" are added to the water for seasoning.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The results are then dumped onto large, newspaper-draped tables and in some areas covered in Creole/Cajun spice blends, such as REX, Zatarain's, Louisiana Fish Fry, or Tony Chachere's. Also, cocktail sauce, mayonnaise, and hot sauce are sometimes used. The seafood is scooped onto large trays or plates and eaten by hand.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: During times when crawfish are not abundant, shrimp and crabs are prepared and served in the same manner.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Attendees are encouraged to "suck the head" of a crawfish by separating the head from the abdomen of the crustacean and sucking out the fat and juices from the head.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Often, newcomers to the crawfish boil or those unfamiliar with the traditions are jokingly warned "not to eat the dead ones." This comes from the common belief that when live crawfish are boiled, their tails curl beneath themselves, but when dead crawfish are boiled, their tails are straight and limp.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The traditional Cajun outdoor food event hosted by a farmer in the rural areas of the Acadiana. Family and friends of the farmer gather to socialize, play games, dance, drink, and have a copious meal consisting of hog and other dishes. Men have the task of slaughtering a hog, cutting it into usable parts, and cooking the main pork dishes while women have the task of making boudin.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Similar to a family , the is a food event that revolves around pork but does not need to be hosted by a farmer. Traditionally, a suckling pig was purchased for the event, but in modern , adult pigs are used.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Unlike the family , a hog is not butchered by the hosts and there are generally not as many guests or activities. The host and male guests have the task of roasting the pig (see pig roast) while female guests bring side dishes.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The traditional Cajun Mardi Gras (see: "Courir de Mardi Gras") is a Mardi Gras celebration in rural Cajun Parishes. The tradition originated in the 18th century with the Cajuns of Louisiana, but it was abandoned in the early 20th century because of unwelcome violence associated with the event. In the early 1950s the tradition was revived in Mamou in Evangeline Parish.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: The event revolves around male maskers on horseback who ride into the countryside to collect food ingredients for the party later on. They entertain householders with Cajun music, dancing, and festive antics in return for the ingredients. The preferred ingredient is a live chicken in which the householder throws the chicken to allow the maskers to chase it down (symbolizing a hunt), but other ingredients include rice, sausage, vegetables, or frozen chicken.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Unlike other Cajun events, men take no part in cooking the main course for the party, and women prepare the chicken and ingredients for the gumbo. Once the festivities begin, the Cajun community members eat and dance to Cajun music until midnight after which is the beginning of Lent.


title: Cajun cuisine

text: Three popular local dishes in Acadiana are noted in the Hank Williams song "Jambalaya", namely "Jambalaya and-a crawfish pie and filé gumbo".


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Albert Romolo Broccoli ( ; April 5, 1909 – June 27, 1996), nicknamed "Cubby", was an American film producer who made more than 40 motion pictures throughout his career. Most of the films were made in the United Kingdom and often filmed at Pinewood Studios. Co-founder of Danjaq, LLC and Eon Productions, Broccoli is most notable as the producer of many of the "James Bond" films. He and Harry Saltzman saw the films develop from relatively low-budget origins to large-budget, high-grossing extravaganzas, and Broccoli's heirs continue to produce new Bond films.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Broccoli was born in the borough of Queens, New York City, the younger of two children of immigrants from the Calabria region of Italy, Giovanni Broccoli and Kristina Vence. He had an older brother. He acquired his nickname after his cousin, mobster Pat DiCicco, began calling him "Kabibble", after a similarly named cartoon character. This was eventually shortened to "Kubbie" and adopted by Broccoli as "Cubby". The family later bought a farm in Smithtown, New York, on Long Island, near their relatives the DiCiccos.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: The family moved to Florida, and on the death of his father Giovanni, Broccoli moved to live with his grandmother in Astoria, Queens, in New York City. Having worked many jobs, including casket maker, Broccoli then became involved in the film industry. He started at the bottom, working as a gofer on Howard Hughes' "The Outlaw" (1941), which starred Jane Russell. Here he met his lifelong friend Howard Hughes for the first time, while Hughes was overseeing the movie's production after director Howard Hawks was fired. Broccoli rose quickly to the level of assistant director by the time the U.S. entered World War II.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Broccoli is alleged to have been involved in an altercation with comedian and Three Stooges creator Ted Healy outside the Trocadero nightclub, just before the latter's death in 1937. A source alleged that actor Wallace Beery, Broccoli, and film producer Pat DiCicco beat Healy so badly that he fell into a coma and died. There is no documentation in contemporaneous news reports that either Beery or DiCicco was present, allegedly because the investigation and any subsequent newspaper coverage would be routinely sidelined by the MGM studio fixers, Eddie Mannix and Howard Strickling (Mannix would later become a producer and executive for MGM), since Wallace Beery was one of MGM's most highly-paid and important actors. Beery was immediately dispatched to a long vacation in Europe until the story died down. Broccoli admitted that he was indeed involved in a fist fight with Healy at the Trocadero. He later modified his story, stating that a heavily intoxicated Healy had picked a fight with him, the two had briefly scuffled, then shook hands and parted ways. In other reports, Broccoli admitted to pushing Healy, but not striking him.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: There is disagreement over whether Healy died as a result of the brawl or due to his well-known alcoholism. Because of the authorities' lack of interest in investigating Healy's death, an autopsy was not performed until after Healy's body had been embalmed, rendering the examiner's note that Healy's organs were "soaked in alcohol" useless in determining a cause of death.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Following the autopsy, the Los Angeles county coroner reported that Healy died of acute toxic nephritis secondary to acute and chronic alcoholism. Police closed their investigation, as there was no indication in the report that his death was caused by physical assault.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: At the beginning of the 1950s, Broccoli moved once more, this time to London, where the British government provided subsidies to film productions made in the UK with British casts and crews. Together with Irving Allen, Broccoli formed Warwick Films, which made a prolific and successful series of films for Columbia Pictures.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: When Broccoli became interested in bringing Ian Fleming's James Bond character into features, he discovered that the rights already belonged to the Canadian producer Harry Saltzman, who had long wanted to break into film, and who had produced several stage plays and films with only modest success. When the two were introduced by a common friend, screenwriter Wolf Mankowitz, Saltzman refused to sell the rights, but agreed to partner with Broccoli and co-produce the films, which led to the creation of the production company EON Productions and its parent (holding) company Danjaq, LLC, named after their two wives' first names—Dana and Jacqueline.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Saltzman and Broccoli produced the first Bond film, "Dr. No", in 1962. Their second, "From Russia with Love", was a break-out success and from then on the films grew in cost, action, and ambition. With larger casts, more difficult stunts and special effects, and a continued dependence on exotic locations, the franchise became essentially a full-time job. Broccoli made one notable attempt at a non-Bond film, an adaptation of Ian Fleming's "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang" in 1968, and due to legal wrangling over the rights to story elements, ceded producer credit on "Thunderball" to Kevin McClory. Nonetheless, by the mid-1960s, Broccoli had put nearly all of his energies into the Bond series. Saltzman's interests continued to range apart from the series, including production of a loose trilogy of spy films based on Len Deighton's Harry Palmer, a character who operates in a parallel universe to Bond, with all the danger but none of the glamour and gadgets. Saltzman and Broccoli had differences over Saltzman's outside commitments; however, in the end, it was Saltzman who withdrew from Danjaq and EON after a series of financial mishaps. While Saltzman's departure brought the franchise a step closer to corporate control, Broccoli lost relatively little independence or prestige in the bargain. From then until his death, the racy credits sequence to every EON Bond film would begin with the words "Albert R. Broccoli Presents." However, from the 1970s onward, the films became lighter in tone and looser in plot—and, at times, less successful with critics—yet, the series distinguished itself in production values and continued to appeal to audiences.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: In 1966, Broccoli was in Japan with other producers scouting locations to film the next James Bond film "You Only Live Twice". He had a ticket booked on BOAC Flight 911 and cancelled his ticket on that day so he could see a ninja demonstration. Flight 911 crashed after clear-air turbulence.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Broccoli married three times. In 1940, at the age of 31, he married actress Gloria Blondell, the younger sister of Joan Blondell. They later divorced amicably in 1945 without having had children. In 1951, he married Nedra Clark, widow of the singer Buddy Clark, and the couple were told they had fertility problems and would never have children. They adopted a son, Tony Broccoli, after which Nedra became pregnant. She died in 1958, soon after giving birth to their daughter, Tina. In 1959, Broccoli married actress and novelist Dana Natol. They had a daughter, Barbara Broccoli, and Natol adopted his other two children. Albert Broccoli became a mentor to Dana's teenage son, Michael G. Wilson. The children grew up around the Bond film sets, and his wife's influence on various production decisions is alluded to in many informal accounts.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Michael Wilson worked his way up through the production company to co-write and co-produce. Barbara Broccoli, in her turn, served in several capacities under her father's tutelage from the 1980s on. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli have co-produced the films since Albert Broccoli's death.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: Broccoli died at his home in Beverly Hills in 1996 at the age of 87 of heart failure. He had undergone a triple heart bypass earlier that year. He was interred in an ornate sarcophagus in the outdoor Courts of Remembrance section, at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles following a funeral mass at The Church of the Good Shepherd, Beverly Hills.


title: Albert R. Broccoli

text: In recognition of Broccoli's insistence that every James Bond film produced by EON should bear the name of the character's creator, Ian Fleming, in the opening credits (even when the film contained no real connection to any Fleming novel, apart from the titular character), it was decided by his surviving family that all subsequent Bond films should bear Broccoli's name. Therefore, all Bond films since "Tomorrow Never Dies" have opened with the line "Albert R. Broccoli's EON Productions presents".


title: Emily Cox (actress)

text: Emily Cox (born 23 February 1985) is a British-Irish actress, born in Vienna, Austria, currently based in Berlin and Vienna. She played the lead female role of Brida, in the British television series "The Last Kingdom" (2015-2022).


title: Emily Cox (actress)

text: Cox was born to a British father and an Irish mother in Vienna. Her parents later divorced. Both of them are pianists, who originally came to Vienna on a grant for musicians. Cox grew up in Vienna and graduated from high school (Matura) in 2003. She developed an interest in acting after performing in a play as part of her English classes during her final year in high school. After her graduation she went on to study acting at the Max Reinhardt Seminar. In 2008 she was under contract as a stage actor at the Theater in der Josefstadt in Vienna. In 2011 Cox moved to Berlin and since then she has appeared in various movies and series on German and Austrian TV, among them several Tatort movies. From 2015 to 2022 she played the role of the Viking and Anglo-Saxon woman Brida in the TV series "The Last Kingdom", which made her known to international audiences.


title: Emily Cox (actress)

text: Cox also appeared in a few movies for the big screen including The Fatherless (2011), The Silent Mountain and Head Full of Honey (2018).


title: Luhn algorithm

text: The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the "modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple checksum formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers, such as credit card numbers, IMEI numbers, National Provider Identifier numbers in the United States, Canadian Social Insurance Numbers, Israeli ID Numbers, South African ID Numbers, Swedish National identification numbers, Swedish Corporate Identity Numbers (OrgNr), Greek Social Security Numbers (ΑΜΚΑ), SIM card numbers, European patent application number and survey codes appearing on , , and receipts. It is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,950,048, granted on August 23, 1960.


title: Luhn algorithm

text: The algorithm is in the public domain and is in wide use today. It is specified in ISO/IEC 7812-1. It is not intended to be a cryptographically secure hash function; it was designed to protect against accidental errors, not malicious attacks. Most credit cards and many government identification numbers use the algorithm as a simple method of distinguishing valid numbers from mistyped or otherwise incorrect numbers.


title: Luhn algorithm

text: Assume an example of an account number "7992739871" (just the "payload", check digit not yet included):


title: Luhn algorithm

text: The Luhn algorithm will detect any single-digit error, as well as almost all transpositions of adjacent digits. It will not, however, detect transposition of the two-digit sequence "09" to "90" (or vice versa). It will detect most of the possible twin errors (it will not detect "22" ↔ "55", "33" ↔ "66" or "44" ↔ "77").


title: Luhn algorithm

text: Other, more complex check-digit algorithms (such as the Verhoeff algorithm and the Damm algorithm) can detect more transcription errors. The Luhn mod N algorithm is an extension that supports non-numerical strings.


title: Luhn algorithm

text: Because the algorithm operates on the digits in a right-to-left manner and zero digits affect the result only if they cause shift in position, zero-padding the beginning of a string of numbers does not affect the calculation. Therefore, systems that pad to a specific number of digits (by converting 1234 to 0001234 for instance) can perform Luhn validation before or after the padding and achieve the same result.


title: Luhn algorithm

text: The algorithm appeared in a United States Patent for a simple, hand-held, mechanical device for computing the checksum. The device took the mod 10 sum by mechanical means. The "substitution digits", that is, the results of the double and reduce procedure, were not produced mechanically. Rather, the digits were marked in their permuted order on the body of the machine.


title: Luhn algorithm

text: The following function takes a card number, including the check digit, as an array of integers and outputs true if the check digit is correct, false otherwise.


title: Bombay (film)

text: Bombay is a 1995 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam, starring Arvind Swamy and Manisha Koirala. The film tells the story of an inter-religious family in Bombay before and during the Bombay riots, which took place between December 1992 and January 1993 after the demolition of the Babri Masjid led to religious tensions between Hindu and Muslim communities. It is the second installment in Ratnam's trilogy of films that depict human relationships against a background of Indian politics, including "Roja" (1992) and "Dil Se.." (1998).


title: Bombay (film)

text: "Bombay" was released on 10 March 1995. The film was well-received both critically and commercially successful. It was screened at many international film festivals including the Philadelphia Film Festival in 1996. The film's soundtrack earned composer A. R. Rahman his fourth consecutive Filmfare Best Music Director Award (Tamil), and is considered one of the greatest Indian soundtracks of all time. However, the film caused considerable controversy upon release in India and abroad for its depiction of inter-religious relations between a Muslim woman and a Hindu man. The film was banned in Singapore and Malaysia upon release.


title: Bombay (film)

text: In July 2005, a book on the film by Lalitha Gopalan was published by BFI Modern Classics, looking at the film's production, the several issues it covered, and its impact upon release in India and abroad. The film was ranked among the top 20 Indian films in the British Film Institute's rankings.


title: Bombay (film)

text: Shekhar is the son of an orthodox Hindu Narayana Pillai living in a coastal village in Tamil Nadu. A journalism student studying in Bombay, Shekhar visits home to be with his family. On one of his return trips, he notices Shaila Banu, a Muslim schoolgirl in the village and falls in love with her. Initially shy, Shaila seeks to distance herself from Shekhar, but after frequent run-ins, and days of pursuit, Shaila begins to like Shekhar. Eventually, they both fall in love.


title: Bombay (film)

text: Shekhar meets Shaila's father Basheer and says he wants to marry Shaila. Basheer refuses, citing difference in religions. Shekhar reveals his interest to his father, who becomes angry, meets Basheer and gets into an abusive argument with him. Upset with rejection from both families, Shekhar returns to Bombay. Through a friend of hers, he sends Shaila a letter and a ticket for her to travel to Bombay. However, she is undecided; Basheer learns of her regular letters from Shekhar and plans to marry her off to stop this relation growing further. Left with no choice, Shaila leaves the village with the ticket and reaches Bombay.


title: Bombay (film)

text: Shekhar and Shaila marry and lead a happy life. In a year, Shaila conceives and delivers twin boys who are named Kabir Narayan and Kamal Basheer. The twins are raised in both religions. Shekhar continues to work as a journalist, while Shaila takes care of home and children. In six years, Shekhar and Shaila firmly settle down in their life and begin the process of re-establishing a relationship with their respective families.


title: Bombay (film)

text: When the Babri Masjid is demolished on 6 December 1992, riots break out in Bombay. Kabir and Kamal, who had gone to buy groceries, get caught in the riots; eventually, Shekhar and Shaila save them and reach home safely. Narayana Pillai, who receives the news of the riots, rushes to Bombay to meet his son and his family. He reconciles with his son and everyone is happy with his arrival, and he stays with them. Soon, Basheer also comes with his wife and all of them live together happily for a few days. Both Pillai and Basheer are happy with their grandchildren, try to get both to their religion and wish to be with them.


title: Bombay (film)

text: On 8 January 1993, when two murders are propagated as communal killings, another riot breaks out in Bombay, raising tensions between religious communities. Hindus and Muslims clash in the streets, resulting in hundreds of deaths on both sides. During the conflict, arsonists set fire to the apartment where Shekhar lives with his family. Shekhar tries to evacuate everyone, but Narayana Pillai, Basheer and his wife fail to escape in time and are killed when the building explodes. In the confusion of the panicking crowds, Kamal and Kabir are separated from their parents.


title: Bombay (film)

text: Kamal is saved by a transgender woman who cares for him and protects him, while Kabir searches aimlessly for his brother. Shekhar and Shaila begin to search for them and they go through several tense moments, as they check the morgues and hospitals for their children. Shekhar grows emotional and participates in the movement to stop the riots with other moderate religious leaders, ultimately succeeding. When the riots end, Shaila and Shekhar are reunited with their children tearfully as the people on the streets join hands, regardless of age or religion.


title: Bombay (film)

text: During the recording of the background score of Mani Ratnam's "Thiruda Thiruda" (1993), the Bombay riots broke out. Mani Ratnam planned on making a film in Malayalam about a boy who gets lost in the riots, and requested M. T. Vasudevan Nair to write the script. This was supposed to be Mani Ratnam's second Malayalam film after "Unaroo" (1985). But since the idea did not materialise, he decided to make it in Tamil as the film that would later be titled "Bombay". According to Ratnam, "Bombay" was not originally planned as a political film: "It was a phase India was going through and these things affected me and found their way into my work."


title: Bombay (film)

text: Aishwarya Rai was considered for the female lead, but she opted out due to unavailability of dates, with the production of the film clashing with her Miss World pageant, a title she went on to win. Mani Ratnam held a photo shoot for the film with Vikram and Manisha Koirala, but eventually did not choose Vikram as he was unwilling to shave his beard and long hair that he had grown for the production of another film during the period, "Pudhiya Mannargal" (1994); the role went to Arvind Swamy. Koirala has stated that, though some people advised her against accepting the project since she had to play a mother, she did not listen as there were others "it'll be foolish to refuse a Mani Ratnam film". Koirala's voice was dubbed by Rohini. Nassar, a Muslim in real life, was cast as the father of Swamy's character (a Hindu) while Kitty, a Hindu in real life, was cast as the father of Koirala's character (a Muslim). Ratnam deliberately cast them in those roles as a statement.


title: Bombay (film)

text: When Ratnam approached cinematographer Rajiv Menon to shoot "Bombay", he described it as a film about the riots and said that he (Menon) needed to "(make what came before) the riots as beautiful as possible". So, Menon suggested shooting in the rains to achieve the effect. They shot the interiors of homes in Pollachi in Tamil Nadu and the exteriors were shot in Kasaragod, and Kannur village in Kerala. The song "Kannalane" was shot at Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, and "Uyire" was shot at Bekal Fort. The demolition of the Babri Masjid was shown onscreen through newspaper headlines and photographs, as the Censor Board did not want the makers to show the actual destruction.


title: Bombay (film)

text: Mani Ratnam described "Bombay" as "a positive film about communal harmony". He said the Bombay riots were not the main focus of the film, but "a helpless, innocent man caught up in violence not of his own making." The film is the second installment in Ratnam's trilogy of films that depict human relationships against a background of Indian politics, including "Roja" (1992) and "Dil Se.." (1998). "Bangalore Mirror" compared it to the theme of the 1990 movie "Come See the Paradise".


title: Bombay (film)

text: The soundtrack album for "Bombay" was composed by A. R. Rahman, in his third collaboration with Mani Ratnam after "Roja" and "Thiruda Thiruda". The lyrics for the Tamil version were written by Vairamuthu, except for the song "Antha Arabi Kadaloram", which was written by Vaali. The soundtrack of the film became one of the best-selling Indian music albums of all time, with sales of 15million units. The soundtrack was included in "The Guardian"'s "1000 Albums to Hear Before You Die" list, and the song "Kannalanae" sung by K. S. Chithra was included in their "1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear" list. "Bombay Theme" has appeared in various international films and music compilations, while the songs "Kannalanae" and "Bombay Theme" have been sampled by various international artists.


title: Bombay (film)

text: "Bombay" was released on 10 March 1995. The Telugu-dubbed version was released on the same day. It was previously scheduled to release in January 1995, during Pongal. The film caused considerable controversy upon release in India and abroad for its depiction of inter-religious relations between a Muslim woman and a Hindu man. The film was banned in Singapore and Malaysia upon release. Two homemade bombs were thrown at the house of Mani Ratnam, who had to be hospitalised with shrapnel injuries.


title: Bombay (film)

text: The Hindi version of the film grossed , as reported by Box Office India, making it one of the year's ten highest-grossing Hindi films.


title: Bombay (film)

text: "Ananda Vikatan", in a review dated 19 March 1995, rated the film 53 out of 100. Anand Kannan, writing for "Planet Bollywood", said, "I wouldn't call this the best of Mani Ratnam [...] But good acting, a socially conscious theme and a quick pace make the movie well worth watching." In 1996, American critic James Berardinelli rated the film 3.5 out of 4 and said, "Largely because of their limited North American appeal and dubious quality, Indian movies are routinely ignored by distributors [...] Occasionally, however, a worthwhile picture causes enough people to take notice that it becomes a favorite on the international film festival circuit. One such movie is "Bombay", the fourteenth feature from celebrated director Mani Rathnam." He concluded, "Director Rathnam has shown great courage in making this picture (bombs were thrown at his house after it opened in India), which speaks with a voice that many will not wish to hear. "Bombay" recalls how forceful a motion picture can be."


title: Nev Schulman

text: Yaniv "Nev" Schulman ( ; born September 26, 1984) is an American TV host and producer. He is best known for the 2010 documentary film "Catfish" and the follow up TV series "" on MTV of which he is the host and executive producer.


title: Nev Schulman

text: Schulman was born in New York City to a Jewish family. He has an older brother Ariel Schulman who is an actor and filmmaker.


title: Nev Schulman

text: Schulman started taking pictures and became involved with photography after having studied dance for five years. He attended Sarah Lawrence College, studying Photography and Dance from 2004 to 2006. Schulman has admitted that he was expelled from Sarah Lawrence College after punching a female student whom he allegedly mistook for male.


title: Nev Schulman

text: At age 19, he and his brother Ariel started a film and photography production company. In 2004, Schulman started photographing dance as he became involved with the contemporary ballet community in New York City. He is a founding member of the Young Leadership Committee for the youth organization, Leave Out Violence.


title: Nev Schulman

text: In 2010, Schulman became the subject of the documentary "Catfish", filmed by Ariel and business partner Henry Joost, in which Schulman met and fell in love with a woman he met online. The premise followed Schulman on the journey of falling in love with a woman he meets on the Internet, but later finds out that she may not be exactly who she claimed to be.


title: Nev Schulman

text: In 2012, Schulman became the host and executive producer of the follow up show "" for MTV, with his filmmaking partner Max Joseph, where he introduces couples in real life who have fallen for each other online but have yet to meet. In 2018, production was suspended following an accusation of sexual misconduct. Soon after, upon an investigation, the report of sexual misconduct was found to be "not credible" and the suspension was lifted.


title: Nev Schulman

text: Schulman has written a book, "In Real Life: Love, Lies & Identity in the Digital Age" (2014). In it, he gives both personal history and observations gleaned from his work on "Catfish".


title: Nev Schulman

text: On September 2, 2020, Schulman was announced as one of the celebrities competing on the 29th season of "Dancing with the Stars". Schulman and his partner Jenna Johnson came in second place to season 29 winner Kaitlyn Bristowe and her partner Artem Chigvintsev.


title: Nev Schulman

text: Schulman met Laura Perlongo via Instagram when he messaged her inviting her for a date on his motorcycle. They dated briefly before he ended things but they soon got back together. It was during this time that Laura fell pregnant ‘accidentally on purpose’ with the couple’s first child as she stated in an article she had written. Schulman became engaged to Laura Perlongo on May 26, 2016. Perlongo gave birth to their daughter, Cleo James, on October 21, 2016. On July 22, 2017, Schulman and Perlongo married. On January 9, 2019, Perlongo gave birth to the couple's second child, Beau Bobby Bruce. On September 25, 2021, Perlongo gave birth to the couple's third child, Cy Monroe.


title: Professor Layton

text: Professor Layton is a puzzle adventure video game series and transmedia franchise developed by Level-5. The property consists primarily of seven main video games, a mobile spin-off, an animated theatrical film, and an anime television series, while additionally incorporating an array of secondary titles and media including a crossover game with Capcom's "Ace Attorney" series, by which the Layton series was strongly influenced.


title: Professor Layton

text: The first three games follow the adventures of Professor Hershel Layton and his apprentice Luke Triton, while the subsequent three games and film are prequels, focusing on how Luke and Layton met and their original exploits. Later installments follow the escapades of Layton's children and their respective allies in settings old and new. Each title features a series of puzzles and mysteries provided by the citizens of locales that the main characters explore. It is not necessary to solve all the puzzles to progress, but some are mandatory, and at certain points in the game a minimum number of puzzles must be solved before the story can continue.


title: Professor Layton

text: "Layton" series games had shipped over 17 million units by June 2018, making it the company's best-selling game franchise at the time.


title: Professor Layton

text: The idea behind the "Professor Layton" formula was a direct result of series creator Akihiro Hino's childhood love of Akira Tago's popular "Atama no Taisou" series of puzzle books, which have sold more than 12 million copies to date in Japan.


title: Professor Layton

text: The main character of the original Layton games is Professor Hershel Layton, a renowned archaeologist and professor at Gressenheller University, as well as a polite and well-spoken gentleman. He is called to solve various mysteries in different places, due to his connections to various people and his wide range of expertise. The Professor is accompanied by his apprentice, Luke Triton, a cheerful and curious boy who brings a touch of humor to the story of Layton. According to Hino, Layton is partly inspired by the character of Phoenix Wright of the "Ace Attorney" series. Assessing the "good points" and "bad points" of the character, he developed Professor Layton. Luke and Layton's character designs, including the latter's iconic top hat, were the work of Takuzō Nagano, whose brief included the requirement of recognisability by form and colour palette, particularly at small sizes.


title: Professor Layton

text: Japanese audiences have also received several revisions of previously released games. Both "Curious Village" and "Diabolical Box" were afforded a "Friendly Version", in which all weekly puzzles were unlocked and furigana, absent in the first two instalments, added. A release of "Curious Village" was produced for feature phones, while "Diabolical Box" was also included in the "Level-5 Premium Silver" and "Gold" collections on Nintendo DS alongside another Level-5 game, "Inazuma Eleven". "Miracle Mask" later received a "Plus" edition, featuring exclusive puzzles, game events and cutscenes in addition to mechanical improvements already seen in the international releases.


title: Professor Layton

text: Internationally, "Millionaires' Conspiracy" was rereleased as an enhanced Nintendo Switch port boasting new puzzles, exclusive costumes, and all previous DLC. An enhanced mobile port of "Curious Village" featuring additional cutscenes and unlockable content has also seen a worldwide release, followed by mobile ports of the second and third games.


title: Professor Layton

text: Several mobile games were made available in Japan, including a crossover with Kaitō Royale, but have since become unavailable after their distribution services were closed. Another game, initially planned for 3DS and mobile, dubbed "Layton 7", was announced in 2013, featuring the Professor as a selectable avatar in a mafia-style social game. It was again presented at the 2015 Level-5 Vision, but failed to materialise within its release window and has since been removed from the company's website.


title: Professor Layton

text: Hino confirmed plans for another entry under the "Mystery Journey" banner prior to the release of "Millionaires' Conspiracy", later suggesting that a game starring the Professor and based on his arc in the anime series would be the franchise's next installment.


title: Professor Layton

text: The games employ an integrated structure of adventure-style exploration, dialogue sequences, and regular story-prompted puzzle solving. The player (as Professor Layton, Luke, and other characters) explores their environment in the manner of a point-and-click adventure game, using the touch screen to talk with non-player characters, learn more about the environment, or locate hidden secrets such as "hint coins" that may be used during puzzles. Often, when interacting with a person or object, the player will be presented with a puzzle, valued at a certain number of "picarats", a type of point system within the game. Solving the puzzle correctly will earn the player that many picarats, but a wrong answer will initially reduce the value a small amount on subsequent attempts down to a minimal picarat number. In order to progress the plot, the player is required to solve specific puzzles, or to solve a minimum number of puzzles. If the player permanently leaves an area or otherwise significantly progresses the plot, puzzles they have yet to find and/or solve are regularly compiled and placed into a collection, often in the form of a "Puzzle Shack" owned by a character known as "Granny Riddleton", or with the aforementioned Riddleton's cat, "Keats", which they can return to and attempt to resolve later. "Curious Village" contains a total of 135 regular puzzles, while "Diabolical Box" contains 153, "Unwound Future" 168 (the latter two having another special puzzle obtained via the use of codes found in the previous game), "Last Specter" 170, "Miracle Mask" 150 (165 in the "Plus" edition), "Azran Legacy" 165, and "Millionaires' Conspiracy" 185.


title: Professor Layton

text: The puzzles take the form of brain teasers, most of which are only loosely tied to the plot, developed for the first six games under the oversight of Akira Tago, famous for his best-selling Mental Gymnastics series. They encompass a diverse range of styles, from logic puzzles to lateral thinking problems, mazes, math problems, sliding-block puzzles, and various others. The games give the player the opportunity to bring up a translucent memo screen they can write on using the stylus to work out their answer before submission. If the player is stuck, they may spend one hint coin to receive a hint. Each puzzle has three regular hints available, and, from the third game onwards, feature "super hints" that tend towards nearly solving the puzzle for the player, but which can only be bought with two hint coins and after the three other hints have been revealed. The puzzles are not timed, though some require correct timing, and others, such as mazes and sliding puzzles, may challenge the player to achieve completion in a limited number of moves.


title: Professor Layton

text: Each game features an additional set of three unique meta-puzzle minigames that can be accessed at any time through the pause menu "Layton's Trunk". These minigames generally require the player to complete specific puzzles in the game to receive items and/or challenges within the minigame. For example, in return for solving particular puzzles, characters in "Curious Village" will award the player with an item of furniture, which then must be placed within a set of apartments to Layton's and Luke's exacting desires; the minigame cannot be completed until all the furniture has been collected. Completing the story and minigames also unlocks a series of especially difficult puzzles, known as "Layton's Challenges". Prior to its cancellation, players of the four DS games could use the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service to connect to the internet and access a "weekly puzzle" service, whereby they could download a new puzzle for each week following a game's release for a set period; later mainline 3DS games would expand on this with a year-long daily puzzle service via the Nintendo Network.


title: Professor Layton

text: The series and its protagonists are based in and around an anachronistic contemporary London during the 1960s, where antiquated technologies and vintage designs are still dominant. Each story features one or more original locales, each with their own unique geographies and local population. A common aesthetic element across these are urban areas and architectural landmarks in expressionist style.


title: Professor Layton

text: Each series of games and media feature narrative threads connecting the stories together, but only the prequel sequence of "Last Specter", "Eternal Diva", "Miracle Mask" and "Azran Legacy" features a plot-important arc. Other games and media do not have any overarching structure, but do follow a chronological order by way of the appearance and development of recurring characters.


title: Professor Layton

text: As part of the "second series" of the franchise, a feature-length anime film directed by Masakazu Hashimoto, titled "Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva", was released in Japanese theaters on December 19, 2009. Produced by P.A. Works, the company responsible for the animated cutscenes in the original six games, it contains an original story which takes place between the events of "Last Specter" and "Miracle Mask" chronologically. The film was a general success in both Japan and Singapore, where it also received a cinema run. Manga Entertainment released a full English dub of the film on home video in the United Kingdom on October 18, 2010, which Viz Media republished in North America on November 8, 2011. A second film was initially planned for release between the fifth and sixth instalments, but failed to materialise.


title: Professor Layton

text: An anime television series, titled "Layton Mystery Tanteisha: Katori no Nazotoki File", starring the characters of "Layton's Mystery Journey: Katrielle and the Millionaires' Conspiracy" and featuring the original two series protagonists, began airing in Japan on April 8, 2018. The series was directed by Susumu Mitsunaka at Liden Films, with creative direction and series composition by Akihiro Hino and character design by Yoko Takada, and consists of 50 episodes.


title: Professor Layton

text: Humour manga intended for child audiences was first serialized in February 2008 in the special edition of "Bessatsu CoroCoro Comic". The series has since ended. The title of this manga is , covering many mysteries in the story. Several chapters are based on the games; most of the others are original stories with little relation to the game canon. The chapters also included puzzles for the readers to solve. The series was collected into four volumes, with the final volumes coming out in June 2012. Tokyopop has released all four volumes in German under the name "Professor Layton und seine lustigen Fälle". The series has also been released in Spanish under the name "El Professor Layton y sus Divertidos Misterios" by Norma Editorial, in French as "Professeur Layton et l'étrange enquête" by Kazé Manga and in Italian as "Il professor Layton e i misteri buffi" by Planet Manga.


title: Professor Layton

text: Three books based on the Professor Layton series were also published, though they have only been made available in Japan. They consist of in 2008, in 2009, and in 2010.


title: Professor Layton

text: The Layton series has been the subject of several playable experiences and live events, featuring standalone scenarios involving characters such as the Professor and Katrielle .


title: Professor Layton

text: The Professor Layton series has been generally successful in the UK, the US, and Japan. "Professor Layton and the Curious Village" sold over 700,000 units in Japan in 2007. The game was also the top selling game for the Nintendo DS in the United States in the first three weeks after its release. After it was restocked in the UK, sales of Professor Layton increased 54%, moving it from 10th place to fourth place.


title: Professor Layton

text: "Curious Village" received generally positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Game Rankings, the game had an average score of 86% based on 48 reviews. On Metacritic, the game had an average score of 85/100, based on 57 reviews. The combination of the adventure game and "brain training" genres received mixed appreciation. Some reviewers praised the game for the successful combination with 1UP commenting on how the game's approach is much better than games where the puzzles were integrated into the environment. Other reviewers felt that these two genres do not merge well within the game; Game Informer noted that while the player is given numerous small puzzles to solve, the mysteries of the main plot are basically solved for the player. The game was noted to have little replay value; once all the puzzles were solved, there was no point in playing through them again. The presentation of the game, including both the general European art style and cutscene animations, was appreciated by reviewers. Hyper's Darren Wells commends the game for its "clever concept, with plenty to solve and unlock as well as its fantastic presentation". However, he criticizes "some puzzles feeling tacked on and the music can get annoying".


title: Professor Layton

text: "Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box" was considered to be a major improvement from the original. According to "Famitsu", the game had sold 815,369 copies in Japan as of July 9, 2008. The UK's Official Nintendo Magazine awarded the game a score of 92% (and consequently their Gold Award medal), praising the increased number of puzzles, animated scenes and voice acting, but complained that it could be slightly repetitive at times. IGN gave the game a score of 8.5 and also their Editor's Choice Award.


title: Professor Layton

text: The series was popular enough to inspire a feature-length movie called "Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva". It has been released in Japan, Singapore, France, Germany, the UK, Spain, the US, and Canada. It received primarily positive reviews and is considered one of the better video game adaptations into film. It was released in the UK on the 18th of October, with a full English dub.


title: Professor Layton

text: Nintendo Power listed series mascot Professor Layton as their 10th favorite hero, citing his use of brains over brawn.


title: Professor Layton

text: The series went on to become one of the most successful Nintendo DS exclusive series, with the lifetime cumulative sales of the first four Professor Layton games standing at 10 million units sold in October 2010, and 11.47 million unit sales worldwide for the franchise ahead of the release of "Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask" in February 2011. Later announcements expanded the figure to over 13 million copies sold in March 2012, 15 million unit sales in August 2013, making it the company's best-selling game franchise, and over 17 million shipments by June 2018.


title: Garfunkel and Oates

text: Garfunkel and Oates is an American comedy folk duo consisting of actresses Riki Lindhome, who performs as Garfunkel, and Kate Micucci, who performs as Oates. Their fast-paced songs typically combine raunchy observational comedy with sweet-sounding melodies and vocals. The duo was formed in 2007 in Los Angeles, after Lindhome and Micucci met during an improv show at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. They began releasing songs on YouTube in 2007, becoming popular through the website. Garfunkel and Oates' debut studio album, "All Over Your Face", was released in 2011, while their second studio album, "Slippery When Moist" (2012), topped the "Billboard" Comedy Albums chart. They released their third studio album, "Secretions", in 2015.


title: Garfunkel and Oates

text: Garfunkel and Oates went on their first tour in 2013. They starred in an eponymous comedy TV series (2014), which aired on IFC for one season. Their Vimeo comedy special, "Garfunkel and Oates: Trying to Be Special" (2016), was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics at the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards. The duo wrote the music for the Netflix children's TV series, "Waffles + Mochi" (2021), and will executive produce and write the music for the upcoming animated film "Steps".


title: Garfunkel and Oates

text: Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci went to the same music camp in upstate Pennsylvania when both of them were in fifth grade, but were unaware of each other at the time. Both began playing music from a young age, with Lindhome starting the flute at nine years old, and Micucci learning to play piano at four years old. Micucci learned to play ukulele while working at a pineapple plant in Hawaii after graduating from college. Years later, both of them separately moved to Los Angeles, with Lindhome pursuing an acting career and Micucci coming after college with plans to design puppets. They met each other again in the lobby at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Los Angeles during a Doug Benson show, where the two were both "on bad dates" and recognized each other from commercial auditions. Lindhome and Micucci soon became close friends and started writing comedy songs together.


title: Garfunkel and Oates

text: The two began performing as Garfunkel and Oates in 2007. The duo's name was inspired by Lindhome seeing Hall & Oates perform at the Hollywood Bowl and noticing that Hall would get his own closeups, while Oates was only filmed with the rest of the band, and thinking about the "silver-medalists" of other bands. Garfunkel and Oates was formed when they started working together to adapt "Imaginary Larry" (2009), a short film written by Lindhome during the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, into a musical.


title: Garfunkel and Oates

text: Lindhome posted a video of the duo performing to YouTube in 2007 for her friends and family to watch, which soon appeared on the website's home page. After their song "Fuck You" became popular on YouTube in 2009, Garfunkel and Oates earned a large following online and decided to start performing professionally. In early 2009, they started the Garfunkel and Oates Hour, a monthly live show that became popular at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater. They gained more attention after Micucci appeared and performed a Garfunkel and Oates song on "Scrubs" in 2009. In December 2009, Garfunkel and Oates performed on "The Jay Leno Show". Also in 2009, the duo performed as an opening act for John Oates. They performed their song "Pregnant Women are Smug" on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" in March 2010, and were featured on Childish Gambino's song "These Girls" from his mixtape "Culdesac", released in July 2010.