title: Miller's Crossing

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Though possibly more notable for its distinctive style than an airtight story, this Coen brothers' take on the classic gangster flick features sharp dialogue, impressive cinematography, and a typically quirky cast of characters." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C-" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Miller's Crossing

text: Film critic David Thomson calls the film "a superb, languid fantasia on the theme of the gangster film that repays endless viewing". Of Turturro's performance he says "This could be the finest work of one of our best supporting actors". Roger Ebert gave it 3/4 stars, stating "It is likely to be most appreciated by movie lovers who will enjoy its resonance with films of the past".


title: Miller's Crossing

text: "Miller's Crossing" won the Critic's Award at the 2nd Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in February 1991. It was nominated for the Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics.


title: Miller's Crossing

text: Frank Moraes says, "Gabriel Byrne does an excellent job in this film, ... this film lives and dies on his performance". Taking particular note of the work of cinematographer Barry Sonnenfeld and production designer Dennis Gassner, Christopher Orr observed, "Miller's Crossing is an aesthetic pleasure of the highest order on nearly every level".


title: Miller's Crossing

text: "Time" and "Total Film" placed it in their top 100 list. In 2010, "The Guardian" called it the 24th best crime movie of all-time.


title: Miller's Crossing

text: The score was written by Carter Burwell, his third collaboration with the Coen brothers. The main theme is based on the Irish folk ballad "Lament for Limerick". Burwell takes a traditional piece of music with some culturally relevant connection and uses it as the central motif of the broader arrangement. The main theme has been utilized in trailers for a number of other films, including "The Shawshank Redemption", as well as in an ad for Caffrey's Irish Ale.


title: Miller's Crossing

text: The soundtrack includes jazz tunes, such as "King Porter Stomp", reflective of the era in which the film is set. Other songs include "Danny Boy", sung by Frank Patterson, an Irish tenor, which is heard in Leo's house. Patterson can also be heard singing Jimmy Campbell's "Goodnight Sweetheart" in a scene in the Shenandoah Club.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: A sandworm is a fictional extraterrestrial creature that appears in the "Dune" novels written by Frank Herbert, first introduced in "Dune" (1965).


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Sandworms are colossal, worm-like creatures that live on the desert planet Arrakis. The sandworms' larvae produce a drug called melange (known colloquially as "the spice"), the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe because it makes safe and accurate interstellar travel possible. Melange deposits are found in the sand seas of Arrakis, where the sandworms live and hunt, and harvesting the spice from the sand is a dangerous activity because sandworms are aggressive and territorial. Harvesting vehicles must be airlifted in and out of the sand sea in order to evade sandworm attacks. The struggle over the production and supply of melange is a central theme of the "Dune" saga.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: The sandworms in "Dune" were inspired by the dragons of European mythology that guard some sort of treasure. Favorites of Frank Herbert included the dragon in "Beowulf" that guarded a hoard of gold in a cave, and the dragon of Colchis that guarded the Golden Fleece from Jason. Like these dragons, the sandworms of Arrakis will attack anyone who attempts to take the treasure that is spice from the desert sands, as if they were guarding it (the sandworms actually do not care for the spice as it is waste matter). In "Children of Dune" (1976), a character even refers to sandworms as "the dragon on the floor of the desert."


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: In the plot of Frank Herbert's novel "Dune", Herbert used the sandworms (along with the spice they produce) as a plot device to provide Paul Atreides with the trials through which he ascends to a superhuman state of being. Herbert believed that a memorable myth must have something profoundly moving that could either empower the hero or overwhelm him completely. The force in question must be dangerous and terrifying, yet somehow essential. In "Dune", the sandworms serve this function. To earn the spice, humans must cope with sandworm attacks on their harvesting expeditions. To earn an even greater prize (his apotheosis into the all-seeing Kwisatz Haderach), Paul undergoes even more dangerous and transformative trials in which he risks madness and death, one of which involves the ritual sacrifice of a juvenile sandworm, and another in which he must learn to ride a sandworm.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Sandworms are attracted to rhythmic vibrations in the sand, which they mistake for prey (smaller sandworms). To escape the notice of the sandworms, a traveller in the desert must learn to "walk without rhythm" in a manner that simulates the natural sounds of the desert. This element comes from Frank Herbert's experiences as a hunter and fisherman. He knew how to mask his presence from prey by techniques such as approaching from downwind and treading lightly. Frank Herbert's son Brian explained that "In "Children of Dune", Leto II allowed sandtrout to attach themselves to his body, and this was based in part upon my father’s own experiences as a boy growing up in Washington state, when he rolled up his trousers and waded into a stream or lake, permitting leeches to attach themselves to his legs."


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: John Schoenherr provided the earliest artwork for the "Dune" series, including the illustrations in the initial pulp magazine serial and the cover of the first hardcover edition. Frank Herbert was very pleased with Schoenherr's art, and remarked that he was "the only man who has ever visited Dune". Schoenherr gave the sandworm three triangular lobes that form the lips of its mouth. This design was referenced for the sandworm puppets that appeared in the 1984 movie adaptation of "Dune".


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Sandworms are giant creatures found only on the desert planet Arrakis. They are worshipped as agents of God by the Fremen, who consider their actions a form of divine intervention. The Fremen also refer to the sandworms as "Makers" or "Shai-Hulud".


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Herbert describes sandworms as colossal terrestrial annelids with features of the lamprey. They have an array of crystalline teeth which are used primarily for rasping rocks and sand. During his first close encounter with a sandworm in "Dune", Paul notes, "Its mouth was some eighty meters in diameter... crystal teeth with the curved shape of crysknives glinting around the rim... the bellows breath of cinnamon, subtle aldehydes... acids..."


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Sandworms grow to hundreds of meters in length, with specimens observed over long and in diameter, although Paul becomes a sandrider by summoning a worm that "appeared to be" around half a league () or more in length. These gigantic worms burrow deep in the ground and travel swiftly; "most of the sand on Arrakis is credited to sandworm action".


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Sandworms are described as "incredibly tough" by Liet-Kynes, who further notes that "high-voltage electrical shock applied separately to each ring segment" is the only known way to kill and preserve them; atomics are the only explosive powerful enough to kill an entire worm, with conventional explosives being unfeasible as "each ring segment has a life of its own". Water is poisonous to the worms, but it is in too short supply on Arrakis to be of use against any but the smallest of them.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Herbert notes in "Dune" that microscopic creatures called sand plankton feed upon traces of melange scattered by sandworms on the Arrakeen sands. The sand plankton are food for the giant sandworms, but also grow and burrow to become what the Fremen call Little Makers, "the half-plant-half-animal deep-sand vector of the Arrakis sandworm".


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Their leathery remains previously having "been ascribed to a fictional sandtrout in Fremen folk stories", Imperial Planetologist Pardot Kynes had discovered the Little Makers during his ecological investigations of the planet, deducing their existence before he actually found one. Kynes determines that these "sandtrout" block off water "into fertile pockets within the porous lower strata below the 280° (absolute) line", and Alia Atreides notes in "Children of Dune" that the "sandtrout, when linked edge to edge against the planet's bedrock, formed living cisterns". The Fremen themselves protect their water supplies with "predator fish" that attack invading sandtrout. Sandtrout can be lured by small traces of water, and Fremen children catch and play with them; smoothing one over the hand forms a "living glove" until the creature is repelled by something in the "blood's water" and falls off. Leto II says in "Children of Dune":


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: The sandtrout are described as "flat and leathery" in "Children of Dune", with Leto II noting that they are "roughly diamond-shaped" with "no head, no extremities, no eyes" and "coarse interlacings of extruded cilia". They can find water unerringly, and squeezing the sandtrout yields a "sweet green syrup". When water is flooded into the sandtrout's excretions, a pre-spice mass is formed; at this "stage of fungusoid wild growth", gases are produced which result in "a characteristic 'blow', exchanging the material from deep underground for the matter on the surface above it". After exposure to sun and air, this mass becomes melange.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Kynes' "water stealers" die "by the millions in each spice blow" and may be killed by even a "five-degree change in temperature". He notes that "the few survivors entered a semidormant cyst-hibernation to emerge in six years as small (about three meters long) sandworms". A small number of these then emerge into maturity as giant sandworms, to whom water is poisonous. A "stunted worm" is a "primitive form... that reaches a length of only about nine meters". Their drowning by the Fremen makes them expel the awareness-spectrum narcotic known as the Water of Life.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: While sandworms are capable of eating humans, the latter do contain a level of water beyond the preferred tolerances of the worms. They routinely devour melange-harvesting equipment—mistaking the mechanical rhythm for prey—but they seem to derive actual nutrition only from sand plankton and smaller sandworms, and have no actual interest in the spice. Sandworms will also not attack sandtrout.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: In "Dune", the desert of Arrakis is the only known source of the spice melange, the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe. Melange is a geriatric drug that gives the user a longer life span, greater vitality, and heightened awareness. It can also unlock prescience in some subjects, which makes safe and accurate interstellar travel possible. The harvesting of melange is therefore essential, but is also a highly dangerous undertaking due to the presence of sandworms. Rhythmic activity as minimal as normal walking on the desert surface of Arrakis attracts the territorial worms, which are capable of swallowing even the largest mining equipment whole. They are an accepted obstacle to spice mining, as any attempt to exterminate them would be prohibitively expensive, if not entirely futile. Harvesting is done by a gigantic machine called a Harvester, which is carried to and from a spice blow by a larger craft called a Carryall. The Harvester on the ground has four scouting ornithopters patrolling around it watching for wormsign, the motions of sand which indicate that a worm is coming. Melange is collected from the open sand until a worm is close, at which time the Carryall lifts the Harvester to safety. The Fremen, who base their entire industry around the sale of spice and the manufacture of materials out of spice, have learned to co-exist with the sandworms in the desert and harvest the spice manually for their own use and for smuggling off-planet.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Due to their size and territorial nature, sandworms can be extremely dangerous, even to Fremen. The worms are attracted to—and maddened by—the presence of Holtzman force fields used as personal defense shields, and as a result these shields are of little use on Arrakis. In "Children of Dune" it is noted that a weapon has been developed on Arrakis called a "pseudo-shield". This device will attract and enrage any nearby sandworm, which will destroy anything in its vicinity. The Fremen manage to develop a unique relationship with the sandworms. They learn to avoid most worm attacks by mimicking the motions of desert animals, moving with the natural sounds of the desert rather than rhythmic vibrations. However, they also develop a device known as a thumper with the express purpose of generating a rhythmic vibration to attract a sandworm. This can be used either as a diversion or to summon a worm to ride.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: The Fremen have secretly mastered a way to ride sandworms across the desert. First, a worm is lured by the vibrations of a thumper device. When it surfaces, the lead worm-rider runs alongside it and snares one of its ring-segments with a special "maker hook". The hook is used to pry open the segment, exposing the soft inner tissue to the abrasive sand. To avoid irritation, the worm will rotate its body so the exposed flesh faces upwards, lifting the rider with it. Other Fremen may then plant additional hooks for steering, or act as "beaters", hitting the worm's tail to make it increase speed. A worm can be ridden for several hundred kilometers and for about half a day, at which point it will become exhausted and sit on the open desert until the hooks are released, whereupon it will burrow back down to rest. Worm-riding is used as a coming-of-age ritual among the Fremen, and Paul's riding and controlling a giant sandworm cements him as a Fremen leader. Paul also uses worms for troop transport into the city during the Battle of Arrakeen after using atomic weapons to blow a hole in the Shield Wall. After the reign of Leto II, sandworms become un-rideable. The one exception is a young girl named Sheeana, an Atreides descendant who possesses a unique ability to control the worms and safely move around them.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Fremen also use the sharp teeth of dead sandworms to produce the sacred knives they call crysknives. Approximately long, these hand-to-hand weapons are either "fixed" or "unfixed". An unfixed knife requires proximity to a human body's electrical field to prevent its eventual disintegration, while fixed knives are treated for storage. Fremen tradition dictates that once a crysknife is drawn, it must not be sheathed until it has drawn blood.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: By the time of the events of "Dune" (1965), humans have been harvesting melange from Arrakis for several thousand years. The indigenous Fremen regard the sandworms as divine, but to everyone else, they are just deadly pests. Few people understand the sandworms' connection to the spice. This is no longer the case by the time of "Children of Dune" (1976), and numerous groups attempt to smuggle sandworms off Arrakis and transplant them to other planets so as to break the Atreides' monopoly on spice production.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: In "Children of Dune", Leto II consumes massive amounts of spice and allows many sandtrout to cover his body, the concentration of spice in his blood fooling them. This layer gives Leto tremendous strength, speed, and protection from mature sandworms, which mistake his sandtrout-covered body for a lethal mass of water. He calls it a "living, self-repairing stillsuit of a sandtrout membrane", and soon notes that he is "no longer human".


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Gradually over the next 3,500 years, Leto not only survives, but also is transformed into a hybrid of human and giant sandworm. By the time of "God Emperor of Dune" (1981), he has exterminated all other sandworms, and his own transformation has modified his component sandtrout. When Leto allows himself to be assassinated, the sandtrout release themselves to begin the sandworm lifecycle anew; subsequent offspring are tougher and more adaptable than their predecessors, allowing them to ultimately be more easily settled on other worlds, thus ensuring the survival of the sandworm species. Each one, according to Leto, carries in it a tiny pearl of his consciousness, trapped forever in an unending prescient dream.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Over the next 1500 years, Arrakis (now called Rakis) is returned to a desert by the thriving sandworm cycle. Bene Gesserit Mother Superior Taraza becomes aware in "Heretics of Dune" (1984) that humanity is being limited by the prescient dream of Leto, and controlled by him through his worm remnants. She engineers the destruction of Rakis by the Honored Matres to free humanity, leaving one remaining worm to start the cycle anew. Taraza is killed; her successor Darwi Odrade takes the worm to Chapterhouse. She submerges it in a spice bath to generate sandtrout, with the goal of terraforming their own planet Chapterhouse into another Dune, and later doing the same on other planets, with new worms and infinite potential for gathering spice.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: In the "Prelude to Dune" prequel trilogy by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson (1999–2004), the Tleilaxu initiate Project Amal, an early attempt to create synthetic melange to eliminate dependence upon Arrakis. They are fundamentally unaware, however, that melange production is part of the sandworm lifecycle, and the project is an abysmal failure.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: In "Sandworms of Dune", Brian Herbert and Anderson's 2007 conclusion to the original series, the Spacing Guild is manipulated into replacing its Navigators with Ixian navigation devices and cutting off the Navigators' supply of melange. Sure to die should they be without the spice, a group of Navigators commissions Waff, an imperfectly awakened Tleilaxu ghola, to create "advanced" sandworms able to produce the melange they so desperately require. He accomplishes this by altering the DNA of the sandtrout stage and creating an aquatic form of the worms, which are then released into the oceans of Buzzell. Adapting to their new environment, these seaworms quickly flourish, eventually producing a highly concentrated form of spice, dubbed "ultraspice". Meanwhile, sandworms are revealed to have survived the devastation of Rakis after all, by burrowing deep under the surface.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: In the 1984 David Lynch film "Dune", the sandworms were designed by special effects modeler Carlo Rambaldi for a budgeted $2 million. Rambaldi had previously created the titular alien for the 1982 film "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". The blue screen constructed for "Dune" special effects was thirty-five feet (11 m) high and 108 feet (33 m) wide, the largest at that time. The sandworms were achieved using practical effect models, miniature sets and blue screens. Several scales of sandworm models were created, operated by "worm wranglers" and pulled with cables to simulate motion. The largest models, which were approximately 20 feet (7 m) long, allowed for wranglers to open the worms' mouths and crane their bodies up and down and from side to side. The smaller versions were used for other movements, and for background action.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Critics were generally not impressed with the film's effects. Roger Ebert called Lynch's sandworms "striking", but noted, "the movie's special effects don't stand up to scrutiny. The heads of the sand worms begin to look more and more as if they came out of the same factory that produced Kermit the Frog (they have the same mouths)." "Entertainment Weekly" Sandra P. Angulo called the sandworms "embarrassingly phallic looking". Daniel D. Snyder of "The Atlantic" was impressed by the "gargantuan" appearance of the sandworms thanks to the "staggering sense of scale" achieved by the miniature sets created by Emilio Ruiz del Río. Though panning the film overall, Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" noted the "nice worm-fight at the end of the story." Hoai-Tran Bui of "/Film" noted that "the popular image of the sandworm comes from David Lynch's 1984 film, which depicted the massive creatures as fleshy, phallic-looking monsters."


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: The 2000 Sci Fi Channel miniseries "Frank Herbert's Dune", and the 2003 sequel miniseries "Frank Herbert's Children of Dune", employed computer-generated visual effects to create sandworms onscreen, under the guidance of special effects supervisor Ernest Farino.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Critics praised the visual effects in both miniseries, each of which won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special. Deborah D. McAdams of "Broadcasting & Cable" suggested that the images of "gigantic computer-generated sandworms munching down huge machines and people like popcorn" contributed to the 2000 miniseries' record-breaking ratings.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: VFX production supervisor Paul Lambert explained, "We spent more time working out the animation around the worm than the worm itself [with its large mouth and teeth]. You see the destruction that it creates. We spent time trying to find references of how sand can be displaced so we could copy that."


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Besides film and television adaptations, the "Dune" franchise has been adapted into a series of computer and video games in which sandworms play a part. Sandworms are a featured element in the 1992 real-time strategy video game "Dune II: The Building of a Dynasty", primarily as destroyers of the player's spice Harvesters, assault tanks, and other equipment. In the game, sandworms are computer-controlled forces that lie dormant under the sand until either player- or computer-controlled units come within range, and they will attack indiscriminately. The sandworms can be damaged or destroyed by sonic blasts, a Death Hand explosion, a detonated Spice Bloom, or a self-destructing Devastator, and will disappear when they have been destroyed, reduced to half damage, or have eaten three units. Sandworms do not appear until the third missions, and there may be two or three in play at once. Sandworms also appear in "Dune 2000" (1998). They behave somewhat differently than in the previous game, and are present from the first mission. Sandworms will disappear temporarily after devouring five vehicles, but eventually return. "" (2001) features gameplay on four planets, and sandworms are a hazard on Arrakis. Players must also destroy a genetically engineered "Emperor Worm" to complete the game.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: A line of "Dune" action figures from toy company LJN was released to lackluster sales in 1984. Styled after David Lynch's film, the collection included a poseable sandworm. Revell also produced a model kit of a sandworm complete with figures representing Fremen riders.


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: The sandworms have been called "iconic" to the franchise, and "synonymous with the "Dune" series", having appeared in nearly every novel, on several book covers, and in all of the television, film, and video game adaptations. Hoai-Tran Bui of "/Film" noted that they are an "essential to the narrative of the story", and Lindsey Romain of "Nerdist" deemed the creatures "extremely important to the plot and the very fiber of the "Dune" universe." Bella Ross of "Screen Rant" called the sandworms "the embodiment of the perils of colonization."


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: William Touponce suggests that Herbert's depiction of larval sandworms (or sandtrout), which hold back water in the desert to maintain the arid conditions their sandworm vector requires to thrive, is "an analogy for a stage of consciousness [Paul's sister] Alia can feel. Some of the ancestral voices within her mind hold back dangerous forces that could destroy her." Touponce also describes "the archetypal terrors of confronting Shai-Hulud, the giant sandworm guarding the treasure".


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: Sibylle Hechtel analyzes the concept of sandworms in the essay "The Biology of the Sandworm" in "The Science of Dune" (2008).


title: Sandworm (Dune)

text: A hacker group responsible for several major cyberattacks in the 2010s named itself Sandworm, in reference to the fictional organism.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek ("Oʻzbekcha, Oʻzbek tili or Ўзбекча, Ўзбек тили"), formerly known as Turki or "Western Turki", is a Turkic language spoken by Uzbeks. It is the official, and national language of Uzbekistan. Uzbek is spoken as either native or second language by 44 million people around the world (L1+L2), having some 34 million speakers in Uzbekistan, 4.5 million in Afghanistan, and around 5 million in the rest of Central Asia, making it the second-most widely spoken Turkic language after Turkish.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek belongs to the Eastern Turkic or Karluk branch of the Turkic language family. External influences include Arabic, Persian and Russian. One of the most noticeable distinctions of Uzbek from other Turkic languages is the rounding of the vowel to , a feature that was influenced by Persian. Unlike other Turkic languages, vowel harmony is nigh-completely lost in modern Standard Uzbek, though it is (albeit somewhat less strictly) still observed in its dialects, as well as its sister Karluk language Uyghur.


title: Uzbek language

text: In February 2021, the Uzbek government announced that Uzbekistan plans to fully transition the Uzbek language from the Cyrillic script to a Latin-based alphabet by 1 January 2023. Similar deadlines had been extended several times.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek is a member of the Karluk languages, a sub-group of Turkic languages, belonging to the western branch, while the eastern variety carrying the name Uyghur. Since the family is classified to be a dialect continuum, it can be noted that it is found to be the most suitable variety or dialect to be understood by the most number of various Turkic language speakers, despite it being heavily Persianized, excluding the Siberian Turkic languages.


title: Uzbek language

text: A high degree of mutual intelligibility found between certain specific Turkic languages, geographically located close or sometimes further from the area where Uzbek is spoken, has allowed the speakers of Uzbek to (with ease) comprehend various other distantly related languages.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek, being the most widely spoken language of the whole of Central Asia, is also spoken by smaller ethnic groups in the country and in neighbouring countries. As the language remains the only declared official language of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan the language is taught at schools along their native language Karakalpak. Besides, ethnic Karakalpaks are exposed to the Uzbek language through media. The majority of TV channels are regulated in the Uzbek language, improving the ethnic group's understanding of Uzbek, excluding the mutual intelligibility.


title: Uzbek language

text: The language is spoken by other ethnic groups outside Uzbekistan. The popularity of Uzbek media, including Uzbekfilm and RizanovaUz, has spread among the Post-soviet states, particularly in Central Asia in recent years. Since Uzbek is the dominant language in the Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan (and mothertongue of the city Osh), like the rest of Eastern, Southern and South-Eastern Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad Region), the ethnic Kyrgyzes are, too, exposed to Uzbek, and some speak it fluently. This is a common situation in the rest of Central Asian republics, including: the Turkistan region of Kazakhstan, northern Daşoguz Welaýat of Turkmenistan, Sughd region and other regions of Tajikistan. This puts the number of L2 speakers of Uzbek at a varying 1-5 million speakers.


title: Uzbek language

text: The Uzbek language has a special status in countries that are common destination for immigration for Uzbekistani citizens. Other than Uzbekistan and other Central Asian Republics, the ethnic Uzbeks most commonly choose the Russian Federation in search of work. Most of them however, are seasonal workers, whose numbers vary greatly among residency within the Russian Federation. According to Russian government statistics, 4.5 million workers from Uzbekistan, 2.4 million from Tajikistan, and 920,000 from Kyrgyzstan were working in Russia in 2021, with around 5 million being ethnic Uzbeks.


title: Uzbek language

text: Estimates of the number of native speakers of Uzbek vary widely, from 35 up to 40 million. "Ethnologue" estimates put the number of native speakers at 35 million across all the recognized dialects. The Swedish national encyclopedia, "Nationalencyklopedin", estimates the number of native speakers to be 38 million,


title: Uzbek language

text: and the "CIA World Factbook" estimates 30 million. Other sources estimate the number of speakers of Uzbek to be 34 million in Uzbekistan, 4.5 million in Afghanistan, 1,500,000 in Tajikistan, about 1 million in Kyrgyzstan, 600,000 in Kazakhstan, 600,000 in Turkmenistan, and 300,000 in Russia.


title: Uzbek language

text: Historically, the language under the name "Uzbek" was referred to a totally different language of Kipchak origin. The language was generally similar to the neighbouring Kazakh, more or less identical lexically, phonetically and grammatically. It was dissimilar to the area's indigeneous and native language, known as Turki, until it was changed to Chagatai by western scholars due to its origins from the Chagatai Khanate.


title: Uzbek language

text: The ethnonym of the language itself now means "a language spoken by the Uzbeks", though Edward A. Allworth argued that this "badly distorted the literary history of the region" and was used to give authors such as the 15th-century author Ali-Shir Nava'i an Uzbek identity.


title: Uzbek language

text: Turkic speakers probably settled the Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Zarafshan river basins from at least 600–650 CE, gradually ousting or assimilating the speakers of Eastern Iranian languages who previously inhabited Sogdia, Bactria and Khwarazm. The first Turkic dynasty in the region was that of the Kara-Khanid Khanate in the 9th–12th centuries, who were a confederation of Karluks, Chigils, Yaghma and other tribes.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek can be considered the direct descendant or a later form of Chagatai, the language of great Turkic Central Asian literary development in the realm of Chagatai Khan, Timur (Tamerlane), and the Timurid dynasty (including the early Mughal rulers of India). The language was championed by Ali-Shir Nava'i in the 15th and 16th centuries. Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai language literature. He significantly contributed to the development of the Chagatai language and its direct descendant Uzbek and is widely considered to be the founder of Uzbek literature. Ultimately based on the Karluk variant of the Turkic languages, Chagatai contained large numbers of Persian and Arabic loanwords. By the 19th century it was rarely used for literary composition, but disappeared only in the early 20th century.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek ruler Shaybani Khan wrote poetry under the pseudonym "Shibani". A collection of poems by Shaybani Khan, written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language, is currently kept in the Topkapi manuscript collection in Istanbul. The manuscript of his philosophical and religious work: "Bahr ul-Khudo", written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language in 1508, is located in London. Shaybani-khan's nephew Ubaydulla Khan skillfully recited the Koran and provided it with commentaries in the Turkic language. Ubaydulla himself wrote poetry in Turkic, Persian and Arabic under the literary pseudonym Ubaydiy.


title: Uzbek language

text: For the Uzbek political elite of the 16th century, the Turki language was native. For example, the leader of the semi-nomadic Uzbeks, Sheibani Khan (1451-1510), wrote poems in the Central Asian Turkic (Chagatai) language.


title: Uzbek language

text: The Uzbek poet Turdiy (17th century) in his poems, written in the Turki literary language, called for the unification of the divided Uzbek tribes: Although our people are divided, but these are all Uzbeks of ninety-two tribes. We have different names - we all have the same blood. We are one people, and we should have one law. Floors, sleeves and collars - it's all - one robe, So the Uzbek people are united, may they be in peace.


title: Uzbek language

text: Sufi Allayar (1633 - 1721) was an outstanding Uzbek theologian and one of the Sufi leaders of the Bukhara Khanate. He showed his level of knowledge by writing a book in the Turki language "Sabatul-azhizin". Sufi Allayar was often read and highly appreciated in Central Asia.


title: Uzbek language

text: According to the Kazakh scholar Serali Lapin, who lived at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, “there is no special Sart language different from Uzbek Russian researchers of the second half of the 19th century, like L. N. Sobolev, believed that: “Sart is not a special tribe, as many tried to prove. Sart is indifferently called both Uzbek and Tajik, who live in the city and are engaged in trade.


title: Uzbek language

text: In Khanate of Khiva, Sarts spoke a highly Oghuz Turkified form of Turki which belonged to the Karluk branch of the Turkic language family. Edward A. Allworth argued that this "badly distorted the literary history of the region" and was used to give authors such as the 15th-century author Ali-Shir Nava'i an Uzbek identity.


title: Uzbek language

text: Despite the official status of the Latin script in Uzbekistan, the use of Cyrillic is still widespread, especially in advertisements and signs. In newspapers, scripts may be mixed, with headlines in Latin and articles in Cyrillic. The Arabic script is no longer used in Uzbekistan except symbolically in limited texts or for the academic studies of Chagatai (Old Uzbek).


title: Uzbek language

text: In the western Chinese region of Xinjiang and in northern Afghanistan, where there is an Uzbek minority, the Arabic-based script is still used.


title: Uzbek language

text: Words are usually oxytones (i.e. the last syllable is stressed), but certain endings and suffixal particles are not stressed.


title: Uzbek language

text: Standard Uzbek has six vowel phonemes. Contrary to many Turkic languages, Uzbek no longer has vowel harmony.


title: Uzbek language

text: As a Turkic language, Uzbek is null subject, agglutinative and has no articles and no noun classes (gender or otherwise). The word order is subject–object–verb (SOV).


title: Uzbek language

text: In Uzbek, there are two main categories of words: nominals (equivalent to nouns, pronouns, adjectives and some adverbs) and verbals (equivalent to verbs and some adverbs).


title: Uzbek language

text: Plurals are formed by suffix "-lar". Nouns take the "-ni" suffix as an definite article, unsuffixed nouns are understood as indefinite. The dative case ending "-ga" changes to "-ka" when the noun ends in "-k", or "-qa" when the noun ends in "-q" or "-g‘" (notice "*tog‘qa" → "toqqa"). The possessive suffixes change the final consonants "-k" and "-q" to voiced "-g" and "-g‘", respectively ("yurak" → "yuragim"). Unlike neighbouring Turkmen and Kazakh languages, there is no irregularity on forming cases after possessive cases ("uyida" "in his/her/its house", as opposed to Turkmen "öýünde").


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek verbs are also inflected for number and person of the subject, and it has more periphrases. Uzbek uses some of the inflectional (simple) verbal tenses:


title: Uzbek language

text: The word order in the Uzbek language is subject–object–verb (SOV), like all other Turkic languages. Unlike in English, the object comes before the verb and the verb is the last element of the sentence.


title: Uzbek language

text: The influence of Islam, and by extension, Arabic, is evident in Uzbek loanwords. There is also a residual influence of Russian, from the time when Uzbeks were under the rule of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. There are a lot of Russian loanwords in Uzbek, particularly when related to technical and modern terms, as well everyday and sociopolitical terms. Most importantly, Uzbek vocabulary, phraseology and pronunciation has been heavily influenced by Persian through its historic roots. Uzbek has in turn also influenced Tajik (a variety of Persian). Of the Turkic languages, Uzbek is perhaps the one most strongly influenced by Persian.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek can be roughly divided into three dialect groups. The Karluk dialects, centered on Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and the Ferghana Valley, are the basis for the standard Uzbek language. This dialect group shows the most influence of Persian vocabulary, particularly in the important Turkic cities of Bukhara and Samarkand. The Kipchak dialect, spoken from the Surxondaryo region through north-central Uzbekistan into Karakalpakstan, shows significant influence from the Kipchak Turkic languages, particularly in the mutation of [j] to [ʑ] as in Kazakh and Kyrgyz. The Oghuz dialect, spoken mainly in Khorezm along the Turkmenistan border, is notable for the mutation of word-initial [k] to [g].


title: Uzbek language

text: In Turkmenistan since the 2000s the government conducted a forced "Turkmenization" of ethnic Uzbeks living in the country. In the Soviet years and in the 1990s, the Uzbek language was used freely in Turkmenistan. There were several hundred schools in the Uzbek language, many newspapers were published in this language. Now there are only a few Uzbek schools in the country, as well as a few newspapers in Uzbek. Despite this, the Uzbek language is still considered to be one of the recognized languages of national minorities in this country. Approximately 300,000–600,000 Uzbeks live in Turkmenistan. Most of the Uzbek speakers live in Dashoghuz Velayat, as well as in Lebap Velayat and partly in Ashghabad.


title: Uzbek language

text: Uzbek is one of the many recognized languages of national minorities in Russia. More than 400 thousand Uzbeks are citizens of the Russian Federation and live in this country. Also in Russia there are 2 to 6 million Uzbeks from the Central Asian republics (mainly Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) who are immigrants and migrants. Large diasporas of Uzbeks live in such large cities of Russia as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Volgograd, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Vladivostok, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Saratov and Tyumen. Signs in Uzbek are often found in these cities. Signs refer mainly to various restaurants and eateries, barbershops, shops selling fruits, vegetables and textile products. There is a small clinic, where signs and labels in the Uzbek language. There are also illegal signs in Uzbek on the streets of these cities with underground sex services ("Call girls"). Uzbeks in Russia prefer to use the Cyrillic Uzbek alphabet, but in recent years Uzbek youth in Russia are also actively using the Latin Uzbek alphabet. Small newspapers in Uzbek are published in large cities of Russia. Some instructions for immigrants and migrants are duplicated, including in Uzbek. Uzbek language is studied by Russian students in the faculties of Turkology throughout Russia. The largest Uzbek language learning centers in Russia are located in the universities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. There are also many Russians who are interested in and love the Uzbek language and culture and who study this language for themselves. Uzbek is one of the most studied languages among the many languages of the former USSR in Russia. Native speakers of Uzbek in Russia usually use in their vocabulary a lot of words from Russian.


title: Uzbek language

text: Scientific interest in the history of the Uzbek language arose in the 19th century among European and Russian orientalists. A. Vambery, V. Bartold, Sh. Lapin and others wrote about the history of the Uzbek language. Much attention was paid to the study of the history of the language in the Soviet period. E. Polivanov, N.Baskakov, A.Kononov, U. Tursunov, A. Mukhtarov, Sh. Rakhmatullaev and others wrote about the history of the Uzbek language among famous linguists.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Noel Ernest Edmonds (born 22 December 1948) is an English television presenter, radio DJ, writer, producer, and businessman. Edmonds first became known as a disc jockey on Radio Luxembourg before moving to BBC Radio 1 in the UK. He has presented various radio shows and light-entertainment television programmes across 50 years, originally working for the BBC, later Sky UK and Channel 4.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: His television work includes "Top of the Pops" (1972–1978), "Multi-Coloured Swap Shop" (1976–1982), "Top Gear" (1979–1980), "The Late, Late Breakfast Show" (1982–1986), "Telly Addicts" (1985–1998), "The Noel Edmonds Saturday Roadshow" (1988–1990), "Noel's House Party" (1991–2000), and "Deal or No Deal" (2005–2016).


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds was born in Ilford, Essex, the son of Dudley Edmonds, a headmaster who worked in Hainault, London, and Lydia Edmonds, an art teacher. He attended Glade Primary School in Clayhall and Brentwood School in Brentwood, Essex.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds began working as a newsreader on Radio Luxembourg, which was offered to him in 1968 after he sent tapes to offshore radio stations.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 1969, Edmonds moved to BBC Radio 1, where he began by recording trailers for broadcasts and filling in for absent DJs, such as Kenny Everett. In April 1970, he began his own two-hour Saturday-afternoon programme, broadcasting from 1pm to 3pm, before replacing Everett on Saturdays from 10a.m. to noon in July that year. In October 1971, he was moved to a Sunday slot from 10a.m. to noon before being promoted to host "The Radio 1 Breakfast Show" from Monday 4 June 1973 to Friday 28 April 1978, taking over from Tony Blackburn. Edmonds moved to Sunday mornings and middays, from 10a.m. to 1p.m., in 1978 and also presented "Talkabout", an hour-long talk show broadcast on Thursday evenings. Edmonds left Radio 1 in March 1983.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds made two brief returns to Radio 1. Firstly in 1985 when he sat in for Mike Read when he was hosting the breakfast show, and again in 1992 to celebrate Radio 1's 25th Birthday.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 2003, Edmonds made a brief radio comeback, taking over the 'drivetime' broadcast on BBC Radio 2 for eight weeks while Johnnie Walker was treated for cancer. His stint on Radio 2 lasted from 4 August until 3 October. In December 2004, Edmonds played a detective on a radio murder mystery play on local station BBC Radio Devon.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds hosted "Top of the Pops" at various points between 1972 and 1978, during which time he also presented a phone-in programme for teenagers called "Z Shed" on BBC1 as well as a programme called "Hobby Horse". He hosted the children's Saturday-morning programme "Multi-Coloured Swap Shop", which ran from 1976 to 1982. With fellow "Swap Shop" regulars Maggie Philbin and Keith Chegwin, Edmonds was a member of the trio Brown Sauce, which recorded the single "I Wanna Be a Winner" in 1981. It reached number 15 in the UK singles chart. In 1980, Edmonds took part in the "Eurovision Song Contest", introducing the UK entry live on stage at the final in the Hague. During "Swap Shop"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s run Edmonds hosted "Lucky Numbers", a Saturday evening phone-in quiz programme which required viewers to call in and answer questions based on clips of films shown, and a revival of the 1960s pop music series "Juke Box Jury".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds was one of the original presenters of the BBC's motoring series "Top Gear" during the late 1970s. During his time on the programme he mocked the Fiat Strada, saying it "wasn't very good", which caused Fiat to threaten to sue the BBC unless he apologised for the comments. Edmonds reappeared in one episode of "Top Gear" in the 1990s, to road test the classic 1960s Ford GT40 supercar, of which he owned 2, because the then-current host Jeremy Clarkson – at tall – was unable to fit into the cockpit. In 1997 Clarkson was one of Edmonds' star team for the 1997 Le Mans race which was featured in "Noel's Le Mans Dream", a 2 part documentary for BBC 2. In the 1980s Edmonds hosted a series on BBC1 called "The Time of Your Life", in which celebrities recalled the time they were at their happiest professionally. It ran for three series from 1983.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "The Late Late Breakfast Show" was Edmonds' first Saturday-evening light-entertainment show on the BBC. Presented by Edmonds live on Saturday evenings from 4 September 1982 to 8 November 1986, initially with co-host Leni Harper. It also featured Mike Smith and John Peel.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: The programme is remembered for several accidents during its regular "Give it a Whirl" stunt slot; in particular the death of Michael Lush. The show was cancelled by the BBC on 15 November 1986, following the death of Lush two days earlier. While rehearsing a bungee jump to be performed live on the show, Michael Lush plunged to his death when his rope came loose. Edmonds resigned from the BBC immediately afterwards.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In June 1986, Edmonds hosted "The Noel Edmonds Show" on the ABC network in the United States. The series was a one-week trial late-night talk show, following "Nightline".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "Telly Addicts" was a BBC1 game show hosted by Edmonds, who also owned the format. Telly Addicts broadcast for 13 years from 3 September 1985 until 29 July 1998. Questions were based on past and present television programmes, and generally took the form of a short clip being shown followed by a series of questions either specifically about the clip or more generally about the programme from which it had been taken. Two teams sat opposite each other on sofas.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 1991 he presented a prime time series called "Noel's Addicts", but this show had no similarity to the "Telly Addicts" format and only ran for one series.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "Noel's Saturday Roadshow" was Noel's second BBC television light entertainment show, broadcast live on Saturday evenings from 3 September 1988 to 15 December 1990.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Presented by Edmonds, it was his first major TV project since the demise of "The Late, Late Breakfast Show" two years earlier. The programme contained several elements found in its predecessor, such as phone-in quizzes, celebrity interviews and bands performing in the studio.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: The premise for the new show was that unlike "The Late Late Breakfast Show", which had been broadcast from the BBC's studios each week, the Roadshow would come from a new, different and exotic location each week. These 'locations' were in fact elaborate studio sets dressed to resemble each week's location, such as the North Pole, a space station, Hollywood, Niagara Falls. The irony of this was not lost on Edmonds, whose self-deprecating presentation style frequently made light of the low-budget production values.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: The programme was a slow-burning success and, following the third series in 1990, Edmonds' popularity and reputation were sufficiently re-established with the public for Edmonds to pitch his idea for "Noel's House Party" to the BBC.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: The show introduced regular features such as the Gunge Tank, the Gotcha Oscars and Wait 'Til I Get You Home, which would all be carried across and subsequently developed in "House Party". Another item was "Clown court", in which a guest actor from a TV series would be on trial for all the bloopers made during the shooting of that show, for example Sylvester McCoy for the title role of "Doctor Who", and Tony Robinson for his character of Baldrick in "Blackadder the Third".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: By 1991, the "Saturday Roadshow" morphed into "Noel's House Party", which ran for eight years, from Edmonds' mansion in the fictional village of Crinkley Bottom. Regular features included NTV, in which cameras were secretly hidden in viewer's homes, often in VHS tape cases. There was also the "Gotchas", with celebrities caught in elaborate and embarrassing set-up situations.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In one incident NTV's hidden cameras caught celebrity psychic Uri Geller apparently bending a spoon with his hands while demonstrating his "powers" to a member of the public. When then-Radio 1 DJ Dave Lee Travis was "Gotcha'd" live on Radio 1, he infamously yelled "Edmonds, you are a dead man!" He later participated when Edmonds himself was "Gotcha'd". Mr Blobby, a pink and yellow spotted character, initially appeared in the "Gotcha" section, and became a regular feature of the programme. The character even achieved the 1993 Christmas No. 1.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "Noel's House Party" was a staple of BBC1's autumn and spring schedules throughout the 1990s. The show regularly attracted audiences of over 15 million but along with the general decline in the traditional Saturday night ratings by the time it ended it was pulling in less than 8 million. In the final programme, broadcast on 20 March 1999, Edmonds signed off with thanks to the audience and the wish that history would be kind to the programme.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 2005, Edmonds was persuaded back to TV presentation by Peter Bazalgette, then CEO of Endemol, who were experiencing great success with their new game show format of "Deal or No Deal". Edmonds initially declined the approach, citing that he was concentrating on business interests, but eventually agreed to host a short run of 66 shows. The programme was initially recorded in a former paintworks in Bristol but later moved to a dedicated studio in Whitchurch. "Deal or No Deal" began UK transmission on Monday 31 October 2005, and was broadcast on afternoons six days a week. In March 2006 Edmonds had his contract for presenting "Deal or No Deal" extended until autumn 2007, for a fee rumoured to be £3 million, making him one of the highest-paid personalities on UK television. In 2006, Edmonds was nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for his work on the programme but lost out on the night to Jonathan Ross.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: On 16 March 2007, Edmonds made a cameo appearance as himself in a sketch with Catherine Tate who appeared in the guise of her character Joanie "Nan" Taylor from "The Catherine Tate Show". Nan appeared on a special episode of "Deal or No Deal", where she ended up cheating. The sketch was made for the BBC Red Nose Day fundraising programme of 2007.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: On 27 September 2015, Edmonds received an award from the Atlantic Award Group for his extensive contributions to broadcasting. The selection process was initiated by a nomination by a viewer of "Deal or No Deal". Edmonds was the first TV personality to receive an award from the AAG and was also the first recipient from the UK in 2015.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "Deal or No Deal" ran for over 10 years and almost 3,000 shows were recorded. In the summer of 2016 by mutual agreement Edmonds and Channel 4 agreed to end the show. In celebration of one of UK TV's longest and most popular gameshow runs, the final shows were recorded on location. Games were filmed on a Boeing 737, the Flying Scotsman, atop the Blackpool Tower and down a cave in Somerset. Fittingly the final show filmed in Glasgow produced the 9th and last winner of the top prize of £250,000.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: On 21 August 2006 it was announced that Edmonds would be returning to the BBC to host a one-off programme called "Everyone's A Winner!" celebrating National Lottery "good causes". The programme was broadcast on 23 September 2006.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds had in fact presented the very first National Lottery in 1994 before handing over to Anthea Turner and Gordon Kennedy.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: On 24 May 2007, Sky One announced that Edmonds would host the UK version of the American hit "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", titled "Are You Smarter than a 10 Year Old?". The programme made its debut on Sky One on 7 October 2007. Edmonds hosted the peak-time showing of the programme, with the daily programme being presented by Dick and Dom.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Sky1's autumn 2008 season saw Edmonds host "Noel's HQ", a new live entertainment show with a philanthropic purpose, his fees going to a charitable trust. This was later developed into a series. The show received a negative review from "The Guardian". Sky edited a repeat broadcast after Edmonds launched an extended verbal attack on a council press officer. In March 2009, Sky1 announced the cancellation of the show.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 2017, Edmonds presented "Cheap Cheap Cheap", a cross between a sitcom and a game show. Edmonds came up with the concept, produced by Hat Trick and Channel 4 commissioned 30-hour-long episodes. The action took place in 'Noel's Store' and according to the "Radio Times", "contestants are presented with three similar items – be it laundry detergent, noodles, baked beans, coffins, live poultry or lottery tickets – and must identify the cheapest one of the three in order to win money." A cast of actors play workers at the store. Stuart Heritage of "The Guardian" said that "It's like watching a weird piece of existential Lithuanian amateur community theatre [...] It's the worst idea in the world, stretched out for all eternity". "The Daily Telegraph"s Ed Power described it as "naff, tacky and numbingly dull" and "mind-bendingly outlandish".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds was involved in the Live Aid concerts in 1985, transporting stars to and from the Wembley Stadium concert via helicopter and appearing on stage at Wembley to introduce the joint set by Sting and Phil Collins. Edmonds also took Collins to Heathrow Airport, where Collins boarded Concorde to fly to the United States to perform at the Philadelphia concert.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "Noel's Christmas Presents" was an annual broadcast in which Edmonds delivered special presents to special people. Some of the gifts included arranging trips to Lapland for ill or disadvantaged children, or arranging family reunions. "Noel's Christmas Presents" was originally broadcast on BBC One on Christmas Day from 1989 until 1999 (except 1992), before it returned to UK screens courtesy of Sky1 on 23 December 2007. Further editions were screened on 21 December 2008, 20 December 2009, 18 December 2010 and 18 December 2011.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: He was visited by Jon Pertwee as the Third Doctor in 1993 in the introduction of the 30-year "Doctor Who" anniversary Children in Need special Dimensions in Time, during which the Doctor mentioned that Edmonds would still be on television in the year 2010.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 1997, Edmonds was involved in an episode of the Chris Morris spoof documentary series "Brass Eye", in which he unwittingly pledged his allegiance on camera to a campaign to rid the country of a new killer drug, the entirely fictitious 'cake', which apparently made ten seconds appear as a few hours to a user by stimulating part of the brain called Shatner's Bassoon.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: "The Curse of Noel Edmonds", a documentary tracing the rise and fall of his showbiz career, was transmitted by Five on 9 November 2004, with former Radio 1 DJ Mike Read being one of the contributors to the programme.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds was also a guest host for the fourth-series episode of "The Friday Night Project", broadcast on 26 January 2007.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In November 2018, Edmonds became the highest paid participant ever on ITV's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!". Edmonds became the first celebrity to leave the series when he was voted out on 30 November 2018. Many fans of the show were surprised by the departure, with "Radio 1 Breakfast Show" host Greg James described as "furious and sad".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds has hosted major TV events including the BAFTA Awards, the Brit Awards and the launch of the UK National Lottery.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 1985, Edmonds formed the Unique Group, which consisted of various operations. The Unique Broadcasting Company Media Group plc (UBCMG) was an independent producer of audio programming in the UK, supplying BBC and independent radio. Michael Peacock was an executive of the group between 1989 and 2005, and former Radio 1 controller Johnny Beerling joined the group following his departure from the network in 1993. It owned Classic Gold Digital before selling the stations back to GCap Media which merged them into the Gold network. Edmonds resigned as non-executive director of UBCMG in March 2006 as a direct result of the success of "Deal or No Deal". As of 2006, Edmonds also had interests in Unique Motor Company, a producer of small off-road vehicles.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In July 2019, Edmonds agreed a compensation deal with Lloyds Banking Group as a victim of the HBOS Reading branch fraud. He had claimed that bank staff had destroyed Unique Group.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds-licensed theme park attractions based on Crinkley Bottom and Mr Blobby were set up in existing parks at Cricket St Thomas in Somerset and Pleasurewood Hills Theme Park in Lowestoft, Suffolk. A park was also built in Morecambe, Lancashire, on the site of the former Happy Mount Park. Following disappointing visitor numbers, and in the case of Morecambe, legal disputes with the local council, the deal was scrapped and the park closed. The two existing parks reverted to their previous state. Edmonds was said to be very critical of Lancaster City Council's management of the Morecambe park.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: A report by the District Auditor found that the council had behaved 'unlawfully' in its dealings with Edmonds, which cost £2.5m, and two former senior officers were found to have committed 'misconduct', although this was not deemed to be 'wilful'. The affair was dubbed 'Blobbygate' by the media.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In March 2014, Edmonds declared on "Newsnight" that he was part of a consortium which planned to buy the BBC, because the corporation is "sleepwalking itself to destruction". He said that he did not have a TV licence and only watched BBC programmes on catch-up.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds married Gillian Slater in 1971, but the marriage ended in divorce after eleven years. From July 1986 to 2005, he was married to Helen Soby; the couple have four daughters. In July 2009, Edmonds married his third wife, Liz Davies, who was a make-up artist on the programme "Deal or No Deal" when they first met.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds is a licensed helicopter pilot, and one of his early personal aircraft was registered G-NOEL. He was president of the British Horse Society between 2004 and 2007.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In June 2017 Edmonds said he had attempted suicide in 2005, after fraud by a group of HBOS financiers destroyed his Unique Group business: "Until these criminals took me to the brink of emotional annihilation, I had always felt those who opt out by taking their own lives were selfish and cowardly... But having been cast into that bottomless dark space devoid of logic and reason, I have a much deeper understanding of life without hope... I seek no sympathy and feel no shame in admitting that on the evening of January 18th 2005 I attempted to end the overwhelming mental pain which had consumed my whole being."


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In September 2017, Edmonds said there was a direct link between fraudulent HBOS financiers causing stress and his prostate cancer. He stated: "I don't say cancer was caused by the stress, but that my health deteriorated to such an extent I got prostate cancer. I am absolutely sure the negative forces acting on me impacted on my health. There is a wealth of information from various clinical studies of a direct link between stress and cancer. I am absolutely certain there was a link in my case."


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds and his wife decided to move to New Zealand in 2015 and eventually emigrated in 2019; during the COVID lockdown he set up 100 online community radio stations called Positivity Radio. He currently lives in Matakana, near Auckland, with his wife having gained residency permission in February 2020. Living in the country since the previous September, Edmonds said he and his wife had felt an "incredible spiritual pull" on a visit in 2016 leading them to settle in the country.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds was Chairman of the Renewable Energy Foundation (REF), an organisation which is staunchly opposed to wind farms. He was said to have joined "because of the threat near his home in Devon". He has been quoted as saying that, "Politicians are promoting the wind industry as a green icon, but they are misleading the public into believing the propaganda of the wind industry. The reality is that wind power is too costly and can never meet our energy needs; but it will destroy the countryside". His view is that those who are promoting wind farms are energy companies with a vested financial interest and that wind turbines are not reliable enough as a source of sustainable energy.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: He coordinated the Heart of Devon campaign to provide information for farmers affected by the foot and mouth epidemic in 2001.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds said that he had stopped payment on his TV licence in early 2008, in response to the sometimes controversial methods used to enforce collection of the TV licence fee. Edmonds said that it is wrong to "threaten" and "badger" people, in response to the collection authority's common assumption that the non-possession of a licence can mean licence evasion, as well as the large fines which can be used as enforcement for non-payment. TV Licensing later claimed that Edmonds did possess a valid current TV licence, but this claim was denied by a spokesman for Edmonds, who said that TV Licensing had their facts wrong.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: For many years, Edmonds has been a believer in Spiritualism, in particular the concept of cosmic ordering, a subject he became interested in after being introduced to Bärbel Mohr's book "The Cosmic Ordering Service – A Guide to Realising Your Dreams" by his reflexologist. He had not worked on TV since the end of his BBC TV show "Noel's House Party" in 1999 and one of his wishes was for a new challenge. Later he was offered the chance to return to TV to work on "Deal or No Deal". Edmonds later went on to write his own book titled "Positively Happy: Cosmic Ways To Change Your Life".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: Edmonds said in 2008 that he is constantly accompanied by two melon-sized "spiritual energy" balls, which appear over his shoulders and which he believes to be the spirits of his dead parents. "Orbs are little bundles of positive energy and they think they can move between 500 and 1,000 miles per hour," according to Edmonds. "They look like little round planets but they come in all shapes and sizes." He has asserted that the orbs appear only on digital photographs.


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In August 2015, Edmonds gave an interview to the "Daily Mirror" in which he stated that the greatest problem facing humanity was "electrosmog" due to Wi-Fi and other "systems", causing the destruction of "our natural electro-magnetic fields". He also stated a belief that death was impossible because the body was merely a container for "a universal energy", and that this had "been known for a very long time". When he dies, Edmonds anticipates that "My energy will return to where it came from – part of a massive, incomprehensible universal web of energy".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: On 7 June 2016, Edmonds said on Twitter that an Electromagnetic Pulse device costing £2,315 was "A simple box that slows ageing, reduces pain, lifts depression and stress and tackles cancer. Yep tackles cancer!". Edmonds provoked further criticism after tweeting to a man with kidney cancer, lymph node metastases and psoriatic arthritis that "Scientific fact-disease is caused by negative energy. Is it possible your ill health is caused by your negative attitude? #explore." The following day, Edmonds was interviewed by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby on ITV's "This Morning" television programme stating that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer in November 2013. He said that a "very stressful, very negative period" in life had caused his prostate cancer, "I was, I thought, very, very healthy. I know why I got my cancer... the definition of stress is negative energy. It didn't just decide to manifest itself, there was cause". He went on to add: "I then had my tumour destroyed by sound waves, proving yet again energy is at the heart of this issue" and said that "I believe pulsed electromagnetism has a role to play in tackling cancer and I will always believe that".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In response, the firm responsible for the device, EMP Pad Limited, said it did not agree with his claim "in any way, shape or form", and that they had not paid him in relation to it. While EMP Pad Limited said it did not pay Edmonds to promote the product, the company's owner Maria Robertson, previously worked as an assistant to the TV presenter and acknowledged having known Edmonds for 25 years and having worked with him and his daughter. Cancer Research UK produced an article to reassure the public that "the best studies looking at this topic have failed to show a link between emotional stress and an increased risk of cancer" and that "no reliable evidence has ever been produced that Rife machines – or any similar devices producing low-frequency electromagnetic pulses – have any benefit for cancer patients. Nor have organisations that scrutinise new treatments and devices (like the US Food and Drug Authority or the European Medicines Agency) approved any as a therapy for any type of disease".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: David Grimes, a cancer researcher at the University of Oxford, told "This Morning": "It's not just untrue, it's patronising and victim blaming, cancer is bad luck... the healthiest people in the world get cancer and it's not because they are negative". Prof. John Gribben, Chair of Medical Oncology at Queen Mary University of London, said: "This is complete gibberish and undermines all the good work everyone does with evidence-based medicine and targeted approaches". Edzard Ernst, Emeritus Professor at the University of Exeter said: "The reason why most of us put 'negative energy' in inverted commas is simple: it is a pure figment of the imagination of fantasists. That would not be so bad except that, as we see, some VIPs seem to take this nonsense seriously. The result might be that some desperate patients believe them, and choose the nonsense over the best that real medicine has to offer. And that could hasten deaths."


title: Noel Edmonds

text: In 2016 the UK's Advertising Standards Authority said that it was "urgently looking into" a complaint made over the claims, because advertising any proven or unproven cancer treatment would violate the Cancer Act 1939 if payments had been made. Later the ASA said that no rules had been broken. The same year the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency said that it was investigating the products available from EMP Pad "to determine whether there are any breaches of the Medical Device Regulations 2002".


title: Noel Edmonds

text: A major turning point for Edmonds was the 2005 collapse of his entertainment company Unique Group – an umbrella for various production companies that owned the rights to, among other things, Mr Blobby and "Telly Addicts". Edmonds held Lloyds Bank responsible, because they had acquired HBOS, whose Reading branch was involved in the alleged scam. Edmonds sought £60m in losses and damages. Edmonds complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the "By Your Side" Lloyds marketing campaign, claiming it was hypocritical; the complaint was not upheld. In 2017, the HBOS bankers and others involved in the scam were found guilty of committing fraud and jailed. In 2019 it was reported that the dispute was settled, with Lloyds Bank Group agreeing a compensation deal with Edmonds, and apologising to him for the "distress" he had suffered.


title: Dana Terrace

text: Dana Terrace (born December 8, 1990) is an American animator, writer, director, producer, and voice actress. She is best known as the creator of the Disney Channel animated series "The Owl House". She is also known for storyboarding on "Gravity Falls" and directing on the 2017 reboot of "DuckTales".


title: Dana Terrace

text: Terrace was born in Hamden, Connecticut. She spent eight years going to St. Rita School, a local Catholic School, gaining an interest in painters such as John Bauer, Remedios Varo, and Hieronymus Bosch. As a child, she watched cartoons like "The Powerpuff Girls", "South Park", and "The Simpsons," inspiring her later works. "Princess Mononoke", Studio Ghibli films, and "Garfield" influenced her as well. In 2000, she created her first flip-book animation, which focused on "Pikachu thundershocking a Charmander." Terrace was a dancer for 10 years. She attended Cooperative Arts and Humanities High School in New Haven, Connecticut.


title: Dana Terrace

text: Terrace studied animation at the School of Visual Arts in New York. While there she drew for about eight hours a day, and began posting work to her Tumblr blog. In April 2012, during her third year at SVA, she created an animated short titled "Kickball," with voiceovers by Yotem Perel and music by Jeff Liu. "Kickball" was praised for its design and "expressive motion" and won a grant from the National Board of Review. The following year, she worked with Iker Maidagan on a short animated film titled "Mirage". Maidagan did the layout and wrote the story, while Terrace animated and designed the characters. The film was praised as being "flawlessly executed," was shown at the LA Shorts Fest, and resulted in Terrace and Maidagan receiving an Alumni Scholarship Award. At the time, when asked about animating, she said she loved it, and said she is on the track to become a "proper filmmaker" and stated that she would collaborate with Maidagan in the future. She later described her experience at SVA as a mixed bag, although she learned a lot from online tutorials, her peers, and fellow students.


title: Dana Terrace

text: In 2011, Terrace was an assistant for a thesis horror comedy film by Zach Bellissimo titled "Blanderstein", as was Terrace's roommate Luz Batista. "Blanderstein" went on to win a Dusty Award for "Outstanding Traditional Animation and Achievement in Traditional Animation Character Design," tying with Michael Ruocco's thesis film, "Destiny is for the Birds".


title: Dana Terrace

text: After graduating from SVA in 2013, she interned the following summer at JibJab, where she met an individual from "Gravity Falls" who saw her student film "Mirage" and sent her a storyboard test, subsequently landing her a job on the series as a storyboard revisionist. As she described it in 2017, she was brought into "Gravity Falls" because creative people working on the show liked what they saw on her Tumblr blog, and she was brought in because she was willing to do any kind of animation for a specific scene. Her work for "Gravity Falls" would be her "first professional animation job," where she learned to storyboard, how to handle a crew, and have a clear vision. Terrace also animated sequences for the show that were animated in-house due to being considered too important to be animated by outside studios. In 2019, she said she had a "wonderful experience" on "Gravity Falls" and said she "couldn’t have asked for a better first gig." She stated in a 2016 interview that she was waiting to hear back from "Steven Universe" because she was a fan of Rebecca Sugar after seeing her films at SVA, but they "took too long to reply" so she decided to work for "Gravity Falls" instead.


title: Dana Terrace

text: In 2014, she tabled at the CTN Animation Expo with Nate Swineheart, and sold prints, sketchbooks, and other works. In 2018, she inked 34 pages of Hirsch's graphic novel, "Gravity Falls: Lost Legends: 4 All-New Adventures!"


title: Dana Terrace

text: In 2017, Terrace directed various episodes of "DuckTales" and made the character Webby Vanderquack "more dynamic."


title: Dana Terrace

text: Terrace later said she wasn't feeling "fulfilled artistically or emotionally" in the job, which moved her to create her own series. Although she had never watched the series before working on the show, the line producer for the second season of "Gravity Falls" was also working on "DuckTales" and brought her into the show. The same year, "Variety" highlighted her as an up-and-coming animator. Also that year she worked as a storyboard revisionist for "", directed by Tom Caulfield and Stephen Sandoval; Sandoval would later work on "The Owl House". She later storyboarded the fourth episode of "Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure", "Challenge of the Brave."


title: Dana Terrace

text: After years of working on other Disney Channel shows, Terrace developed the characters and "baseline idea" for and original series at the end of 2016 and pitched the series a few months after she started directing "DuckTales" in 2017. The pitch, "a young girl goes to another world and learns magic from an older witch", later developed into "The Owl House". The first character she created was the Owl Lady, which she based on the women in her family, including her aunts, mother, and grandmother. The character Luz Noceda is named after her roommate. The series was also influenced by "Pokémon Red", a game Terrace's father, Thomas Terrace, an attorney in Hamden, Connecticut, gave her before he died in a car accident when she was age 11. Terrace said she was motivated to create "The Owl House" to prove it was a good story, and gave it the current name because of the "mystique surrounding owls." She later said that while there is some information for fans who want to "dig deeper" into the show, like codes and ciphers in "Gravity Falls", there is a way to "enjoy the show as it is" without digging into the show's lore.


title: Dana Terrace

text: "The Owl House" began development on February 23, 2018, when it was greenlit alongside "Amphibia", and premiered on January 10, 2020, on Disney Channel in the United States. The series was approved for a second season on November 21, 2019. The same year, Terrace illustrated an alternative cover for issue 4 of "Adventure Time with Fionna and Cake: Card Wars", a BOOM! Studios six-issue miniseries which featured Fionna and Cake, the gender-swapped versions of Finn and Jake. Terrace also provided guest animation for the episode of "Adventure Time" titled "Bad Timing". A few years later, Terrace criticized the cancellation of "The Venture Bros." by Adult Swim, writing "this timeline sucks."


title: Dana Terrace

text: In 2021, the director of "The Mitchells vs. the Machines" Mike Rianda would reveal that Terrace had been a storyboard artist for the film. The same year, Terrace provided rough animation for "The Owl House" season 2 episodes "Keeping Up A-fear-ances", "Hunting Palismen", and "Eclipse Lake".


title: Dana Terrace

text: Despite voicing characters in shows she has worked on, Terrace has said that she does not consider herself to be a voice actress in the traditional sense. On May 7, 2022, Terrace stated that she voiced a demon named Severine in the episode "Labyrinth Runners".


title: Dana Terrace

text: "The Owl House" has been praised for its depiction of an LGBTQ+ relationship between the characters of Luz Noceda and Amity Blight, for which Terrace is responsible. During its second season, the series was also lauded for the inclusion of a non-binary and presumably transgender character, in the form of Raine Whispers. She actively uses Twitter to confirm the LGBTQ+ identities of characters. Though Disney was initially resistant to the portrayal of a queer relationship on the show, Terrace eventually gained their support, crediting the change of mind to her "stubbornness".


title: Dana Terrace

text: Terrace told "Vanity Fair" in March 2021 that she was open about plans for Luz being bisexual and including LGBT+ characters during development of the show. She was later told that she could not "have any kind of gay storyline among the main characters." Terraces said that in response, "I let myself get mad, to absolutely blow up, and storm out of the room. Life is short and I don’t have time for cowardice, I was ready to move on to greener pastures if need be." A "week or two" later, she was "given the all-clear" and describes the studio as supportive since then.


title: Dana Terrace

text: News media such as CNN and "Deadline" have expressed support for these portrayals, while conservative sites like One Million Moms have expressed the opposite, condemning Disney Channel for their inclusion of LGBTQ+ identities in the series.


title: Dana Terrace

text: Terrace came out as bisexual in 2017, and drew on her experiences to create "The Owl House" and the bisexual character Luz Noceda. Terrace has mentioned multiple times that she draws inspiration for Luz Noceda from herself.


title: Dana Terrace

text: From 2015 to sometime before April 2022, Terrace was in a relationship with "Gravity Falls" creator Alex Hirsch. Terrace and Hirsch have participated in numerous charity live streams together, in which they draw cartoons to raise money for various organizations including Planned Parenthood, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Natural Resources Defense Council (with Ninja Sex Party and Arin Hanson), Direct Relief (with Justin Roiland and h3h3Productions), the Trevor Project (with Rebecca Sugar and Ian Jones-Quartey), and RAICES. Altogether, these events raised over $270,000 as of 2018.


title: Dana Terrace

text: Terrace is a member of the Democratic Party, and is a supporter of abortion rights, same-sex marriage, immigration, and healthcare for transgender Americans. She is known to be vocal about her political views on social media, and has often condemned policies passed by Republican politicians.


title: Dana Terrace

text: In 2018, Terrace signed a petition supporting pay equity in the animation industry. In 2022, she joined other animators at Disney who criticized Bob Chapek's refusal to make a comment on HB 1557, which is often referred to as the "Don't Say Gay" bill. She also argued that Chapek's letter to employees was "flowery and compassionate words to shut you up."


title: Trent Williams

text: Trent Williams (born July 19, 1988) is an American football offensive tackle for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma, where he was recognized as an All-American, and was drafted by the Washington Redskins fourth overall in the 2010 NFL Draft. Williams is considered one of the best tackles in the league, having made nine Pro Bowls.


title: Trent Williams

text: In 2019, Williams held out the entire year with the Redskins due to contractual and personal grievances regarding a cancerous growth on his head downplayed by the team but later determined by private doctors to be life threatening. The standoff eventually led to him being traded to the 49ers in 2020.


title: Trent Williams

text: Born and raised in Longview, Texas, Williams attended Longview High School, where he played for the Longview Lobos high school football team and was teammates with Malcolm Kelly, Chris Ivory, and Robert Henson. Williams was a unanimous first-team all-district selection as a senior. Longview entered the 2005 UIL playoffs on a 10–0 season record, but lost 14–13 to Nick Florence's South Garland. He was also on the track team as a shot putter. Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Williams was listed as the No. 28 offensive guard prospect in the nation. He chose Oklahoma over offers from Louisiana State, Oklahoma State, and Texas A&M.


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams attended the University of Oklahoma, and played for coach Bob Stoops's Oklahoma Sooners football team from 2006 to 2009. Playing as a true freshman, Williams became the starter at right tackle just before the Missouri game in late October 2006 after Branndon Braxton went down with a broken leg, then started the last six games of the season. Williams played 462 snaps, had 75 knockdowns, and was named to "The Sporting News" Freshman All-America second-team.


title: Trent Williams

text: In his sophomore year, Williams saw action in all 14 games and had six starts at right tackle, sharing time with Branndon Braxton. As a junior in 2008, he started all 14 games, the first at left tackle and the remaining 13 at right tackle, and registered 131 knockdowns. He was part of a dominant 2008 Sooners offensive line that included Duke Robinson, Phil Loadholt, and allowed only 11 sacks all season, the third-lowest total of any team in the country. The two teams that finished above them (Air Force and Navy) combined to attempt 231 passes. Oklahoma attempted 476, and—featuring quarterback Sam Bradford and running back DeMarco Murray—became the highest-scoring team in the modern era (702 points).


title: Trent Williams

text: As the lone holdover from the 2008 offensive line, Williams was listed at No. 2 on "Rivals.com′s" 2009 preseason offensive tackle power ranking. He was also named to the 2009 Outland Trophy watch list. Despite missing the regular season finale due to injury, Williams led Oklahoma with 102 knockdown blocks and 885 plays, and was named an All-American by the American Football Coaches Association.


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams was considered one of the best offensive tackles available in the 2010 NFL Draft, and drew comparisons to Jammal Brown (who, coincidentally, would also join the Redskins that same offseason via trade). According to NFL.com's Gil Brandt, "Williams will be a first-round pick and can be a long-time starter in the NFL".


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams was drafted fourth overall by the Washington Redskins and agreed to a six-year, 60 million contract on July 30, 2010. In 2011, Williams was made an offensive co-captain along with veteran teammate Santana Moss. In Week 14, Williams and teammate Fred Davis were suspended for four games after failing several drug tests.


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams suffered a bone bruise in his left foot during the first 2012 preseason game against the Buffalo Bills. Despite this injury, he started in the next two preseason games and was fully healed by the season opener against the New Orleans Saints. By the start of the season, his teammates voted for him again to be the offensive team captain. He suffered a right knee injury early in the Redskins' Week 3 game against the Cincinnati Bengals. After getting an MRI exam the next day, it was reported that Williams had another bone bruise. He was able to play in the next game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Despite playing injured throughout the season, Williams had his best performance in 2012 and was selected for the 2013 Pro Bowl but couldn't participate in the Pro Bowl due to an injury when a night club fight occurred. After the Redskins' wild card playoff loss against the Seattle Seahawks on January 6, 2013, Williams struck Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman in the face. He was fined $7,875 for the incident.


title: Trent Williams

text: After the Week 11 game of the 2013 season, Williams accused umpire Roy Ellison of swearing at him during the game with his accusation supported by several of his teammates. Ellison was in turn suspended by the NFL for one game. Despite the Redskins having a bad year as a team, Williams was chosen as the team's only player on the 2014 Pro Bowl team.


title: Trent Williams

text: During the 2015 offseason, Williams lost nearly 30 pounds, going from a playing weight of roughly 345 to 318. On August 29, 2015, he agreed to a five-year, $66 million contract extension with $43.25 million guaranteed. On November 1, 2016, Williams was suspended four games for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy. Despite missing the games, Williams was named to his fifth straight Pro Bowl, was second-team All-Pro for the first time. Williams started 10 games in 2017 while dealing with a knee injury for most of the season, and was placed on injured reserve on December 22, 2017. Despite the injury, Williams was named to his sixth straight Pro Bowl.


title: Trent Williams

text: In April 2019, it was reported that Williams had a surgical procedure done to remove a growth from his head that was diagnosed as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), a type of cancer. The growth was first noticed in 2013, with him claiming that the Redskins medical staff told him it was not serious at the time. He did not report to the team's mandatory mini-camp, and reportedly demanded to be released or traded over how the team's medical staff handled the situation back then. On July 27, 2019, the Redskins placed Williams on the team's reserve list. After the Redskins failed to trade him before the trade deadline, he was reinstated on October 30, 2019. However, Williams failed to pass a physical exam, as he experienced discomfort with his helmet due to his scalp having postsurgical soreness, which resulted in the Redskins placing him on the non-football injury list. In March 2020, he and his agent were granted permission to seek a trade to another team.


title: Trent Williams

text: On September 1, 2022, Williams was inducted into Washington's Greatest Players list in honor of the franchise's 90th anniversary.


title: Trent Williams

text: On April 25, 2020, Williams was traded to the San Francisco 49ers in exchange for a fifth-round pick in the 2020 NFL Draft and a third-round pick in the 2021 NFL Draft. The trade reunited Williams with San Francisco 49ers’ head coach Kyle Shanahan, who previously held an offensive coordinator position with the Washington Redskins. Williams was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on November 4, 2020, and activated two days later. He was placed back on the COVID-19 list on November 20, and activated again on November 28. On January 1, 2021, Williams was placed on injured reserve after suffering an elbow injury against the Arizona Cardinals in the previous week. Williams was elected to his eighth Pro Bowl after posting a 91.9 PFF grade, which ranked first at his position in 2020.


title: Trent Williams

text: On March 23, 2021, Williams signed a six-year, $138.06 million contract extension with the 49ers, making him the highest-paid offensive lineman in the NFL. His contract includes $55.10 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $30.10 million.


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams is friends with running back Adrian Peterson. The two were teammates at the University of Oklahoma in 2006 and for the Redskins in the late 2010s. Williams and Peterson also co-own a gym in Houston.


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams' nickname is "Silverback", named after the male gorilla. Williams has a large gorilla tattoo on his back and owns gorilla art and an expensive bejeweled gorilla keychain. At the 2010 NFL Draft, he was introduced by league commissioner Roger Goodell with the moniker, after Williams dared Goodell to do it.


title: Trent Williams

text: Williams is the subject of a documentary called "Silverback", which debuted in December 2021 and covered his comeback from a life-threatening sarcoma on his scalp.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Henry Wolfe is the son of actress Meryl Streep and sculptor Don Gummer. He grew up in Los Angeles and Connecticut, with his younger sisters, actresses Grace Gummer, Mamie Gummer, and Louisa Jacobson.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Wolfe first made his mark as a musician as co-founder of the New York indie pop band Bravo Silva. Bravo Silva released an EP entitled 'July' in 2004 and an eponymous full length album in 2005.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Following Bravo Silva's dissolution, Wolfe moved to Los Angeles and began to perform as a solo act under his current moniker. In 2009, Wolfe released two EPs: "The Blue House", composed of original material, and "Wolfe Sings Field", made up of songs penned by Portland-based writer Peter Field. Wolfe’s full-length debut, entitled ‘Linda Vista’ was released in 2011 on Wolfe’s own Undermountain Music label. Produced by Aaron Older and Nico Aglietti of Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeroes and featuring members of Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeroes, Dawes and Ariel Pink’s Haunted Graffiti, Linda Vista was received positively by music critics such as Rolling Stone Magazine and led to Wolfe being named as an "artist to watch" by the "Los Angeles Times".


title: Henry Wolfe

text: On March 2, 2011, Wolfe made his network television debut as a musical guest on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", performing "Someone Else" and "Stop the Train" from his "Linda Vista" album. He also gave an in-studio performance for WNYC Soundcheck with John Schaefer in May 2011.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Wolfe's songs have been licensed in major motion pictures with "Someone Else" being featured in the film "Terri" directed by Azazel Jacobs and starring John C. Reilly, and an early version of "Stop the Train" appearing in "Julie and Julia". Azazel Jacobs directed the music video for "Someone Else" which starred Brit Marling.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Wolfe has appeared in numerous films, including the 2006 film "Lying" and the 2011 film "The Wait", both directed by M Blash. Wolfe had a small role in "The Good Shepherd" and appeared in a film titled "Wolfe with an E", directed by David Louis Zuckerman.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Wolfe has been married to Tamryn Storm Hawker since June 2019. They had their first child, a daughter, in July 2020. Their son was born in May 2022.


title: Henry Wolfe

text: Henry Gummer,was arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated and failure to drive in established lane, after a traffic stop on Route 44 in Salisbury on Aug. 22 at 1:07 a.m.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: Like the rest of the "Ace Combat" series, "Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown" forgoes a realistic flight model in favor of faster, arcade-like gameplay to increase its accessibility to newer players. The player can also choose Novice or Expert control settings; the latter enables the player to execute realistic aircraft maneuvers such as rolls and high-g turns. The game features 28 different aircraft, with an additional nine as downloadable content and the F-4E Phantom II offered as a pre-order bonus. As with previous entries in the series, most of the aircraft are licensed from the real-world, although a set of fictional superplanes are also included. Several aircraft in the game make their series debut such as various members of the Su-30 family as well as upgraded versions of older aircraft like the Gripen E and A-10C Thunderbolt II.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: Players earn an in-game currency, "Military Result Points," via gameplay to purchase additional aircraft and equipment through a tech tree. The player begins the game with the F-16C, and is able to unlock the MiG-21 and F-104C Starfighter after the fourth single-player mission without using MRP, with the F-22A Raptor, Su-57 and the fictional X-02S Strike Wyvern as top-tier aircraft in the tech tree. Each aircraft is equipped with standard missiles for both air-to-air and air-to-ground warfare, as well as another special weapon. Special weapons are used to boost an aircraft's ability to carry out air-to-air or air-to-ground attacks. Equipment purchased may also be used to boost the performance of the aircraft beyond its base performance, such as improved engine parts or airframe parts to enhance its speed and survivability respectively. Only eight upgrades may be applied at any time, weight limitations limit the number of a specific type of upgrade that can be applied (e.g. limit to number of simultaneous applicable airframe parts) and certain upgrades are only usable in multi-player modes.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: For the first time in the series, clouds interfere with aircraft, hindering the player's vision and targeting systems when passing through them, also rendering laser weapons ineffective due to light refraction. In addition, aircraft briefly stall after staying in a cloud for too long and lightning strikes temporarily disrupt controls and sensors. Each aircraft also carries a limited supply of flares that can be deployed to evade missiles in critical situations.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: During the single-player campaign, players complete a series of combat missions that tell the in-game story. Players are given an in-game briefing prior to a combat mission, where they are informed of success parameters, expected opposition, terrain features and weather conditions using a 3D map display. Players complete missions by destroying various air and surface targets, as well as accomplishing specific mission targets (e.g. destroying in-flight IRBMs). AI-controlled wingmen accompany the player through the mission, providing exposition and potentially shooting down enemy planes for the player. Over the course of the single-player campaign, the player may choose to engage in additional minigames, such as in-flight refueling or landing on an aircraft carrier. These minigames can be skipped, but confer additional points to players.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: The player may choose to play in the multi-player mode regardless of any progress made in the single-player campaign. The multi-player mode comprises the Team Deathmatch and Battle Royale modes. Both modes are PvP, where players shoot down enemy aircraft to earn points against a timer. The two modes differ in that Team Deathmatch involves two teams of four players each whereas Battle Royale has no teams. Shooting down top-scoring and players using expensive aircraft confers more points than shooting down worse-performing or lower-tier players. After a player's aircraft has been destroyed, he is respawned in the map after a few seconds. When the time limit is reached, the team or player with the greatest score is declared the winner.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: The game takes place in 2019 Strangereal, the same fictional setting shared by other games in the series. Following the events of "Ace Combat 04" and "Ace Combat 5", the Osean Federation (Osea) brokered a peace treaty between the military powers of the Kingdom of Erusea and the rest of the Usean continent. The International Union Peace Keeping Force (IUN-PKF) was formed to maintain peace across the Usean continent, while former Osean President Vincent Harling orders the construction of a space elevator off the Erusean coast in order to revitalize the continent's economy, known as the International Space Elevator (ISEV). Meant to be a symbol of peace between all nations, the ISEV is protected by two massive Osean airborne aircraft carrier drones known as Arsenal Birds. Named "Liberty" and "Justice," the Arsenal Birds carry a large number of combat drones, advanced weaponry and force fields, and receive their power via microwave transmission from the ISEV. Despite Harling's intentions, the ISEV creates resentment among the Eruseans, who see it as Osean intrusion in their sphere of influence. This resentment eventually leads to the war depicted in-game, colloquially referred to as the "Lighthouse War" after the ISEV's nickname.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: The players control the game's silent protagonist, an Osean fighter pilot with the callsign "Trigger". The game's frame story is told through pre-rendered cutscenes played between missions, primarily from the point of view of three characters: Avril Mead, an Osean civilian aircraft mechanic who broke wartime aviation laws and is forced to work in an Osean penal military unit, Rosa Cossette D'Elise, the princess and heir of Erusea who believes the war will end Osean interference on the continent, and Doctor Schroeder, a Belkan scientist who developed combat drone technology for the Erusean military.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: Rising tensions between Osea and Erusea culminate when Erusea launches a surprise attack on Osea with a massive number of combat drones. Erusea captures much of the Usean continent, including the ISEV and both Arsenal Birds, with former Osean President Vincent Harling still in the ISEV. Consequently, war breaks out between Erusea and Osea, the latter supported by the IUN-PKF. Avril Mead, who was flying a refurbished F-104C Starfighter when the war began, is shot down in the crossfire and arrested for breaching wartime aviation laws. Avril is transferred to the Osean 444th Air Base as a mechanic, where a penal fighter squadron known as the Spare Squadron is maintained.


title: Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown

text: The IUN-PKF suffers a series of setbacks; they are unable to stop the destruction of an entire air squadron and are repelled by an Arsenal Bird, and lose a rookie member to Erusean ace Mihaly A. Shilage, who provides flight data to the Erusean drone program headed by the Belkan scientist Dr. Schroeder. Later, a mission to extract Harling from the ISEV goes awry when a missile strikes Harling's escaping aircraft, killing him. Osean pilot Trigger is accused of firing the missile, found guilty by court-martial, and transferred to Spare Squadron. Considered expendable, Spare Squadron is sent on highly dangerous missions with minimal support, to probe Erusea's drone defense network for weak points. Trigger encounters Mihaly again and dogfights him to a standstill, impressing Mihaly before both are forced to retreat due to inclement weather.