title: Road Dogg

text: On April 2, 2011, James returned to WWE for the first time in over a decade to induct his father "Bullet" Bob Armstrong into the company's Hall of Fame. Several months later, James announced on October 11 via his Facebook account that he re-signed with WWE as a producer, and would return to the company in his new role on October 23 at the Vengeance pay-per-view. After a ten-year-long absence, James returned to WWE television on the December 12 episode of "Raw" under his Road Dogg ring name to present CM Punk with the Slammy Award for "Pipe Bomb" of the Year.


title: Road Dogg

text: On January 29, 2012, Road Dogg entered the Royal Rumble match as the twenty-third entrant and lasted nearly five minutes before being eliminated by Wade Barrett. Following this, he began hosting the WWE.com and YouTube web series "Are You Serious?" alongside Josh Mathews. On July 23, Road Dogg reunited with Billy Gunn, Sean Waltman, Shawn Michaels and Triple H to reform D-Generation X for one night only on the 1000th episode of "Raw". On the December 17 episode of "Raw", he and Billy Gunn appeared together as the New Age Outlaws and presented the Slammy Award for Comeback of the Year to Jerry Lawler.


title: Road Dogg

text: On the March 4, 2013 episode of "Raw", Road Dogg and Billy Gunn made their in-ring return as the New Age Outlaws with a victory over Primo and Epico. A week later, the New Age Outlaws competed against Team Rhodes Scholars, but the match was rendered a no contest after Brock Lesnar interrupted and performed an "F-5" to both Outlaws as part of his ongoing feud with Triple H. On the December 9 episode of "Raw", the New Age Outlaws appeared to present the Slammy Award for LOL Moment of the Year.


title: Road Dogg

text: On the January 6, 2014 episode of "Raw", the New Age Outlaws saved CM Punk from an assault by The Shield and later stood in Punk's corner during his match against Roman Reigns. Later that week on "SmackDown", they teamed alongside Punk to face The Shield in a six-man tag team match, although they were defeated after Gunn was pinned by Reigns. On the January 13 episode of "Raw", the New Age Outlaws and Punk faced The Shield in a rematch before abandoning Punk as he was about to tag them, turning both Outlaws heel in the process for the first time in over a decade. Later that week on "SmackDown", the New Age Outlaws defeated the WWE Tag Team Champions Cody Rhodes and Goldust in a non-title match. On January 26 at the Royal Rumble kickoff show, the New Age Outlaws defeated Rhodes and Goldust to win their first WWE Tag Team Championship and sixth tag team title in WWE overall. They held the title until the March 3 episode of "Raw", where they were defeated by The Usos. After losing the title, the Outlaws allied with Kane as part of The Authority to face The Shield at WrestleMania XXX, but they were defeated.


title: Road Dogg

text: Following WrestleMania XXX, James resumed his role as a producer while Gunn resumed his role as a trainer in NXT. On the January 19, 2015 episode of "Raw", the New Age Outlaws returned alongside The Acolytes Protection Agency and the New World Order to confront and ultimately drive off The Ascension after they had been disrespecting tag teams from the past. Six days later, the Outlaws challenged The Ascension at the Royal Rumble, but were defeated. at WrestleMania 31, Road Dogg and the rest of D-Generation X (X-Pac and Billy Gunn) did a run in during Triple H's match against Sting which resulted in a brawl with the NWO (Hogan, Hall and Nash) at ringside. In December 2016 it was reported that James was going to be working on the writing team on "SmackDown", and would be groomed for a bigger position. This led to James working as a producer and writer on "SmackDown". He would later be promoted to one of the lead writers.


title: Road Dogg

text: In January 2018, James made a one night return to Raw 25 Years, as part of the D-Generation X reunion. Later on at the show, they celebrated with the Balor Club, after attacking The Revival. James would later appear in the 2018 WWE Hall of Fame ceremony to induct Jeff Jarrett. On the January 28, 2019 episode of "Raw", Road Dogg made a surprise appearance, where he joined Jeff Jarrett in interrupting Elias, and the two sang "With My Baby Tonight" until they were both attacked by Elias, with both Road Dogg and Jarrett being smashed with a guitar. On the February 4, 2019 edition of Raw, he was in Jarrett's corner for his first match in WWE for 19 years against Elias. After Elias won the match, he attacked him from behind to set up a guitar shot from Jarrett. On April 7, 2019, Dogg was inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame as part of D-Generation X.


title: Road Dogg

text: After WrestleMania 35, it was reported Dogg resigned as head writer of "SmackDown Live". It was later clarified that James will remain with the company and is currently seen as a "utility player." From May 2019 to January 2022, he held a position at the WWE Performance Center in which he taught classes on in-ring promos and character development. Dogg was appointed as Senior Vice President of Live Events on August 22, 2022, replacing Jeff Jarrett.


title: Road Dogg

text: James is a second generation wrestler and youngest brother of the Armstrong Wrestling Family, his father Bob wrestled, as did his brothers Scott, Brad, and Steve. Scott worked at WWE as a referee.


title: Road Dogg

text: Like his father, James served in the United States Marine Corps. His tenure lasted from 1987 to 1993 and he fought in Operation Desert Storm in 1991, where he was a platoon sergeant in command of thirty-three Marines. James is married with three children and a grandchild.


title: Road Dogg

text: James admits to having had problems with drugs and alcohol throughout his life. He began taking painkillers during his time in D-Generation X. After being suspended and then released from the WWF, he successfully underwent rehabilitation.


title: Road Dogg

text: On March 26, 2021, after returning from Orlando, James suffered an apparent heart attack and was hospitalized. He saw his kidney specialist and had a stress test done, and had also been taking medications for high blood pressure.


title: Charging Bull

text: Charging Bull, sometimes referred to as the Bull of Wall Street or the Bowling Green Bull, is a bronze sculpture that stands on Broadway just north of Bowling Green in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The bronze sculpture, standing tall and measuring long, depicts a bull, the symbol of aggressive financial optimism and prosperity. "Charging Bull" is a popular tourist destination that draws thousands of people a day, symbolizing Wall Street and the Financial District.


title: Charging Bull

text: The sculpture was created by Italian artist Arturo Di Modica in the wake of the 1987 Black Monday stock market crash. Late in the evening of Thursday, December 14, 1989, Di Modica arrived on Wall Street with "Charging Bull" on the back of a truck and illegally dropped the sculpture outside of the New York Stock Exchange Building. After being removed by the New York City Police Department later that day, "Charging Bull" was installed at Bowling Green on December 20, 1989. Despite initially having only a temporary permit to be located at Bowling Green, "Charging Bull" became a popular tourist attraction. Di Modica may have been influenced by a pair of huge metallic sculptures, a charging bull and a bear, placed in front of the Frankfurt, Germany Stock Exchange in 1985 as part of the 400th celebration of the exchange.


title: Charging Bull

text: Following the success of the original sculpture, Di Modica created a number of variations of the "Charging Bull" which have been sold to private collectors. "Charging Bull" has been a subject of criticism from an anti-capitalist perspective, such as in the Occupy Wall Street protests of 2011, and has also been compared to the biblical golden calf worshiped by the Israelites shortly after their Exodus from Egypt.


title: Charging Bull

text: The sculpture is in a cobblestone-paved traffic median of Broadway just north of Bowling Green. The sculpture is adjacent to 26 Broadway to the east and 25 Broadway to the west. It stands tall and measures long. It depicts a bull, the symbol of aggressive financial optimism and prosperity, leaning back on its haunches and with its head lowered as if ready to charge. The sculpture is both a popular tourist destination, which draws thousands of people a day, as well as a symbol of Wall Street and the Financial District, being described as "one of the most iconic images of New York" and a "Wall Street icon". Children also frequently climb the sculpture.


title: Charging Bull

text: The "Bull"s head is lowered, its nostrils flare, and its wickedly long, sharp horns are ready to gore; it's an angry, dangerous beast. The muscular body twists to one side, and the tail is curved like a lash: the "Bull" is also energetic and in motion.


title: Charging Bull

text: The bronze color and hard, metallic texture of the sculpture's surface emphasize the brute force of the creature. The work was designed and placed so that viewers could walk around it, which also suggests the creature's own movement is unrestricted — a point reinforced by the twisting posture of the bull's body, according to Durante.


title: Charging Bull

text: "Charging Bull", then, shows an aggressive or even belligerent force on the move, but unpredictably. [...] [I]t's not far-fetched to say the theme is the energy, strength, and unpredictability of the stock market.


title: Charging Bull

text: That bull is one of an edition of five. ... I'm hoping the other four will be going to cities all over the world, whenever somebody buys them.


title: Charging Bull

text: The bull was cast by the Bedi-Makky Art Foundry in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Di Modica spent $360,000 to create, cast, and install the sculpture following the 1987 stock market crash. The sculpture was Di Modica's idea. Having arrived penniless in the United States in 1970, Di Modica felt indebted to the nation for welcoming him and enabling his career as a successful sculptor. "Charging Bull" was intended to inspire each person who came into contact with it to carry on fighting through the hard times after the 1987 stock market crash. Di Modica later recounted to art writer Anthony Haden-Guest, "My point was to show people that if you want to do something in a moment things are very bad, you can do it. You can do it by yourself. My point was that you must be strong".


title: Charging Bull

text: Another artist, Domenico Ranieri, enlarged the model of the bull and worked with Di Modica contribute to bring out the fine points of the sculpture. In an act of guerrilla art, Bedi-Makky Art Foundry and Di Modica trucked it to Lower Manhattan. Late in the evening of December 14, 1989, they installed it beneath a Christmas tree in the middle of Broad Street in front of the New York Stock Exchange Building as a Christmas gift to New Yorkers. That day, hundreds of onlookers stopped to see it as Di Modica handed out copies of a flier about his artwork.


title: Charging Bull

text: NYSE officials called police later that day, and the NYPD seized the sculpture and placed it into an impound lot. The ensuing public outcry led the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to reinstall it two blocks south of the Exchange, in Bowling Green, facing up Broadway just north of Whitehall Street. "Charging Bull" was rededicated at its new location with a ceremony on December 21, 1989.


title: Charging Bull

text: The sculpture technically has a temporary permit allowing it to stand on city property since the city does not own the sculpture, but the temporary permission has lasted since 1989, when city officials said the new location would not be permanent. Art on loan is usually limited to a year's display, and although the city does not buy art, it does accept donations. By 1993, Di Modica wanted to sell the statue to recover the $320,000 cost of manufacturing it. However, there was only one major bid for the statue: a hotel in Las Vegas that offered $300,000.


title: Charging Bull

text: A writer in the "New York Daily News" wrote in 1998 that the statue's placement was "beginning to look a mite permanent". According to an article in "Art Monthly", Di Modica, as well as officials and New Yorkers, "view it as a permanent feature of Lower Manhattan". In 2004, Di Modica announced that "Charging Bull" was for sale, on condition the buyer did not move it from its location. The sculpture remained unsold by 2008.


title: Charging Bull

text: Di Modica continued to own the artistic copyright to the statue, and filed several lawsuits against firms making replicas. For instance, Di Modica sued Wal-Mart and other companies in 2006 for selling replicas of the bull and using it in advertising campaigns. Three years later, Di Modica sued Random House for using a photo of the bull on the cover of a book discussing the collapse of financial services firm Lehman Brothers.


title: Charging Bull

text: As soon as the sculpture was set up at Bowling Green, it became "an instant hit". One of the city's most photographed artworks, it has become a tourist destination in the Financial District. "Its popularity is beyond doubt", an article in "The New York Times" said of the artwork. "Visitors constantly pose for pictures around it." Henry J. Stern, the city parks commissioner when the statue first appeared in the Financial District, said in 1993: "People are crazy about the bull. It captured their imagination." Adrian Benepe, a later New York City parks commissioner, said in 2004, "It's become one of the most visited, most photographed and perhaps most loved and recognized statues in the city of New York. I would say it's right up there with the Statue of Liberty." A 2003 Bollywood film, "Kal Ho Naa Ho", featured "Charging Bull" in a musical number; one visitor told a reporter that the bull's appearance in the film was a reason for his visit to New York City. Despite the financial crisis of 2007–2008, "Charging Bull" remained a popular tourist attraction.


title: Charging Bull

text: In addition to having their pictures taken at the front end of the bull, many tourists pose at the back of the bull, near the large testicles "for snapshots under an unmistakable symbol of its virility". According to a 2002 article in "The Washington Post", "People on The Street say you've got to rub the nose, horns and testicles of the bull for good luck, tour guide Wayne McLeod would tell the group on the Baltimore bus, who would giddily oblige." A 2004 article in "The New York Times" said, "Passers-by have rubbed—to a bright gleam—its nose, horns and a part of its anatomy that, as Mr. Benepe put it gingerly, 'separates the bull from the steer.'" A 2007 newspaper account agreed that a "peculiar ritual" of handling the "shining orbs" of the statue's scrotum seems to have developed into a tradition.


title: Charging Bull

text: On March 7, 2017, a bronze sculpture by Kristen Visbal, "Fearless Girl," was installed facing "Charging Bull." It was commissioned to advertise for an index fund that comprises gender-diverse companies that have a relatively high percentage of women among their senior leadership and installed in anticipation of International Women's Day the following day. It depicts a girl high, promoting female empowerment. After Di Modica filed complaints about "Fearless Girl", it was removed in November 2018 and relocated to outside the New York Stock Exchange. A plaque with footprints was placed on the original site of "Fearless Girl".


title: Charging Bull

text: In November 2019, city officials announced that they wished to move "Charging Bull" to a plaza outside the New York Stock Exchange due to safety concerns at Bowling Green. Officials stated that because "Charging Bull" is located on a traffic median with large crowds, it was vulnerable to terrorist attacks, citing examples such as the 2017 truck attack on the nearby West Side Highway. Local community group Downtown Alliance supported the relocation, but Di Modica opposed it. The New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) had filed an application with the New York City Public Design Commission (PDC) to relocate "Charging Bull", but subsequently withdrew the application, which a city spokesperson said was due to uncertainty over the new location. Residents of Manhattan Community District 1, which includes the Financial District, expressed opposition to the relocation in a meeting with city officials in May 2020. At the time, updated plans called for "Charging Bull" to be located at the corner of Broad Street and Wall Street, north of "Fearless Girl". The PDC declined to endorse relocation in June 2020.


title: Charging Bull

text: On October 18, 2021, a statue of Harambe, a gorilla, was placed facing the statue in a similar manner to "Fearless Girl" and thousands of bananas were placed under the bull's feet. The act was carried out by organizers promoting Sapien.Network, an in-development social media network.


title: Charging Bull

text: In 2010, a similar "Charging Bull" sculpture by Di Modica was installed in Shanghai on commission by the Shanghai city authority; it is informally called the "Bund Bull". Two years later, Di Modica unofficially installed another "Charging Bull" sculpture outside the Amsterdam Stock Exchange on Beursplein, Amsterdam.


title: Charging Bull

text: In 2019, Professional Bull Riders authorized Di Modica to craft a scaled replica of "Charging Bull" as the trophy for the champion of their annual Monster Energy PBR Unleash the Beast bull riding major event, the "Monster Energy Buck Off at the Garden" major. It was first presented during the 2020 event to João Ricardo Vieira.


title: Charging Bull

text: Di Modica worked the majority of his career alone, from his SoHo studio without representation. By the 1990s, Di Modica's artwork had achieved global icon status, but he continued to work outside of the formal art market. By 2000 he had built up a roster of wealthy private collectors. He ate in Cipriani Downtown most days whilst in New York where he met new clients and entertained his existing ones.


title: Charging Bull

text: Di Modica put the original 16ft "Charging Bull" on the market in 2004 with an asking price of $5m. Joe Lewis, the British billionaire and ex-owner of Christies, later purchased the sculpture on the condition that he never move it from Bowling Green. Lewis also purchased the rest of the 16ft edition which he installed on his various golf courses. In 2012, Di Modica met the London-based art dealer, Jacob Harmer, and shortly afterwards entered into his first formal representation agreement with Harmer's dealership, Geist, based on Mount Street, Mayfair. From 2013, Harmer began documenting the life of the artist, commissioning new sculptures, buying back historical works and building a global market.


title: Charging Bull

text: In October 2018, the first major work by Modica came to auction, a 6ft polished bronze version of "Charging Bull" at Phillips London which was the first in an edition of eight and marked "1987–89". The sculpture sold for £309,000 ($405,000). In March 2019, a stainless steel version of "Charging Bull" came to auction at Sotheby's New York and despite being in poor condition, sold for $275,000. In "Arturo Di Modica: The Last Modern Master", his representative confirms selling 4ft sculptures for up to $496,000.


title: Charging Bull

text: "Charging Bull" has often been a subject of criticism from an anti-capitalist perspective. The Occupy Wall Street protests used the bull as a symbolic figure around which to direct their critiques of corporate greed. A 2011 image from "Adbusters" portraying a dancer posed in an attitude position atop the sculpture was used to promote the forthcoming protests. The first gathering of Occupy took place around the sculpture on September 17, 2011, before moving to Zuccotti Park. Because of the protests, the bull was surrounded by barricades and guarded by police until 2014.


title: Charging Bull

text: "Charging Bull" has been likened to the golden calf worshiped by the Israelites during their Exodus from Egypt. During Occupy Wall Street on multiple occasions an interfaith group of religious leaders led a procession of a golden calf figure that was modeled on the bull. A large papier-mâché piñata made by Sebastian Errazuriz for a 2014 New York design festival was intended to be reminiscent of both the golden calf and "Charging Bull". Further comparisons to the golden calf have been made by Jewish and Christian religious commentators.


title: Charging Bull

text: As a prominent symbol of Wall Street and capitalism generally, "Charging Bull" has been the frequent target of vandalism, particularly as an act of civil disobedience. Shortly after the collapse of Lehman Brothers during the 2008 financial crisis, the bull's scrotum was painted blue. Leading up to a protest on May 12, 2011, the bull was tagged in at least two locations, once again including the scrotum, with the Anarchist "circle-A" iconography, prompting the New York City Police Department to temporarily install barricades around the sculpture. The barriers returned that fall during the Occupy Wall Street protests, and remained in place until March 25, 2014, despite a unanimous resolution from the local community board saying they constituted a hazard to pedestrians.


title: Charging Bull

text: On September 14, 2017, three months after U.S. president Donald Trump formally announced the United States' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate change, an artist attempting to highlight U.S. popular support for the accord doused the head of the sculpture in a blue pigment.


title: Charging Bull

text: In 2019, "Charging Bull" was vandalized twice. On September 7, a man from Dallas struck the sculpture with a banjo, leaving a sizable dent in the horn. Professional Bull Riders donated money from its ticket sales to pay for fixes to the horn, and Di Modica personally came to the site the following month to repair his creation. Then, on October 7, activists from Extinction Rebellion hurled fake blood over the sculpture and staged a die-in on the surrounding traffic plaza. In June 2020, "Charging Bull" was covered in a tarp and monitored by police to protect it from vandalism attempts during the George Floyd protests in New York City.


title: Charging Bull

text: The history of the sculpture and its sculptor was presented in the 2014 Italian documentary film "Il Toro di Wall Street", released internationally as "The Charging Bull". In "Mr. Robot", Darlene Alderson (Carly Chaikin) is shown castrating the statue.


title: Charging Bull

text: Charging Bull has featured in several films set in Manhattan, including "The Big Short", "The Wolf of Wall Street", and "Hitch". The statue appears in the 2011 remake of "Arthur" in which Russell Brand and Luis Guzman respectively as Arthur and his butler crash into it with a Batmobile while dressed as Batman and Robin handing the bovine a giant severance package. In "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" (2010), the sculpture comes alive and chases Nicolas Cage's character down Broadway. The sculpture can be seen floating through space at the end of "Don't Look Up" (2021) after presumably being blown into orbit by the comet's impact.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: "Make You Feel My Love", also known as "To Make You Feel My Love" is a song written by Bob Dylan for his album "Time Out of Mind", released in September 1997. It was first released commercially in August 1997 by Billy Joel for his compilation album "Greatest Hits Volume III".


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: It is one of the few songs to have achieved the status of becoming a "standard" in the 21st century, having been covered by more than 450 different artists. Cover versions have been recorded by Adele, Michael Bolton, Neil Diamond, Boy George, Bryan Ferry, Joan Osborne, Teddy Swims, Garth Brooks, Shane Filan, Kelly Clarkson, Ane Brun, Michael Bublé, Clare Dunn, Sleeping at Last, Nick Knowles, and Pink.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: "Spectrum Culture" included the song on a list of "Bob Dylan's 20 Best Songs of the '90s". In an article accompanying the list, critic John Paul described it thus: "Accompanied by a lone piano, ghostlike bass line and slightly woozy sounding organ playing sustained notes throughout, the arrangement of the song isn’t terribly remarkable, the meat of the song itself relying on Dylan’s surprisingly emotional read and jazz-like chord progression".


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: According to his official website, Dylan performed the song live over 300 times in concert between 1997 and 2019 on the Never Ending Tour. A live version performed in Los Angeles in 1998 was released on Dylan's "Things Have Changed" CD single in 2000. The live debut occurred at Columbia Township Auditorium in Columbia, South Carolina on November 2, 1997, and the last performance (to date) took place at The Anthem in Washington, D.C. on December 8, 2019.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: Billy Joel released his version of the song, titled "To Make You Feel My Love", for his compilation album "Greatest Hits Volume III" (1997). It was released as the album's lead single and reached number 50 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, to date his last appearance on the chart. Joel's single pre-dated Dylan's release of the song by one month.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: Garth Brooks covered the song as "To Make You Feel My Love" in 1998. It appeared on the soundtrack of the 1998 film "Hope Floats", along with a cover version by Trisha Yearwood as the first and last tracks. It was included first as the bonus track on "Fresh Horses" for Garth's first "Limited Series" box set and then included on all later pressings of that album. Brooks' version resulted in a nomination at 41st Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and a nomination for Bob Dylan for Best Country Song.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: In 2008, British singer-songwriter Adele recorded "Make You Feel My Love" for her debut studio album "19" (2008). It was released as the album's fourth and final single on October 27, 2008, both on CD and vinyl, originally peaking at number 26.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: "Make You Feel My Love" is the only cover version on Adele's debut album "19"; she either wrote or co-wrote all the others.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: She listened to the song under pressure from her manager and loved it, although she did not want a cover version on her album, worried that it implies that she is incapable of writing enough of her own songs.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: According to Alex Fletcher of "Digital Spy", the version expresses Adele's affection for the song, "with just piano as backing, her dreamy, passionate vocals are allowed to shine".


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: According to Dave Simpson of "The Guardian", with her "hushed delivery", Adele makes the song "her own".


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: In January 2013, Heart Radio listed Adele's recording as the UK's number one song of all time in its Hall of Fame Top 500.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: Initially, the song only reached a peak of number 26, but found a new lease of life in 2010, two years after its release, following performances by several contestants on the seventh series of "The X Factor". In September 2010, after it was performed by Annastasia Baker, it re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 24. The song then surged to number 4 the following month after a second performance by Gamu Nhengu. Following a third "X Factor" performance and heavy use in the "Comic Relief" 2010 television, it spent three more non-consecutive weeks in the top 10. Thanks to this newfound attention, "Make You Feel My Love" was the 48th biggest selling song of 2010.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: In early 2011 the song returned to the top 40 again, at number 34, after it was used on the fifth series of "Britain's Got Talent".


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: After years of trickle selling, "Make You Feel My Love" passed the million sales mark in the UK in 2017.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: The song's music video features Adele singing the song in London Marriott Hotel Canary Wharf. It was directed by Mat Kirkby. As of October 2021, the music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: On Friday, November 20, 2015, Adele sang the song during a BBC special, "Adele at the BBC", hosted by talk show host Graham Norton. One segment of the show, which went viral, featured a prank in which eight Adele impersonators were invited to audition at the Wimbledon Theatre for a nonexistent show. Adele herself, disguised as a nanny named "Jenny", pretended to also be an Adele impersonator, and was the last one to sing. When she started singing "Make You Feel My Love", the other performers finally recognized her and realized they had been pranked.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: Adele's version features in the soundtrack of the 2010 romantic comedy film "When in Rome". Her cover version was also featured in the compilation album for the benefit of those affected by Supertyphoon Haiyan in the Philippines entitled "Songs for the Philippines".


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: During a concert at London's O2 Arena on March 22, 2016, the day of the Brussels bombings, Adele dedicated a performance of the song to the victims of the attacks.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: In addition, Adele's video of the song, directed by Mat Kirby, was released on music channels in late September 2008 and continues to be featured on her website.


title: Make You Feel My Love

text: Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film "Hope Floats".


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip the Arab (; 204 – September 249) was Roman emperor from 244 to 249. He was born in Aurantis, Arabia, in a city situated in modern-day Syria. After the death of Gordian III in February 244, Philip, who had been Praetorian prefect, achieved power. He quickly negotiated peace with the Persian Sassanid Empire and returned to Rome to be confirmed by the Senate. During his reign, the city of Rome celebrated its millennium.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip was betrayed and killed at the Battle of Verona in September 249 following a rebellion led by his successor, Gaius Messius Quintus Decius. Philip's reign of five years was uncommonly stable in a turbulent third century.


title: Philip the Arab

text: During the late 3rd century and into the 4th, it was held by some churchmen that Philip had been the first Christian emperor; he was described as such in Jerome's "Chronicon" ("Chronicle"), which was well known during the Middle Ages, in Orosius' highly popular "Historia Adversus Paganos" ("History Against the Pagans"), and was presented as a Christian in Eusebius of Caesarea's "Historia Ecclesiastica" (Ecclesiastical History). Modern scholars are divided on the issue.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Little is known about Philip's early life and political career. He was born in what is today Shahba, Syria, about southeast of Damascus, in Trachonitis. His birth city, later renamed Philippopolis, lay within Aurantis, an Arab district which at the time was part of the Roman province of Arabia. It is accepted by historians that Philip was indeed an ethnic Arab. He was the son of a local citizen, Julius Marinus, possibly of some importance. Allegations from later Roman sources ("Historia Augusta" and "Epitome de Caesaribus") that Philip had a very humble origin or even that his father was a leader of brigands are not accepted by modern historians.


title: Philip the Arab

text: While the name of Philip's mother is unknown, he did have a brother, Gaius Julius Priscus, an equestrian and a member of the Praetorian Guard under Gordian III (238–244). In 234, Philip married Marcia Otacilia Severa, daughter of a Roman Governor. They had three children, a son named Marcus Julius Philippus Severus (Philip II), born in 238, a daughter called Julia Severa or Severina who is known from numismatic evidence but is never mentioned by the ancient Roman sources and a son named Quintus Philippus Severus, born in 247.


title: Philip the Arab

text: The rise to the purple of the Severans from nearby Emesa is noted as a motivational factor in Philip's own ascent, due to geographic and ethnic similarity between himself and the Emesan emperors.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip's rise to prominence began through the intervention of his brother Priscus, who was an important official under the emperor Gordian III. His big break came in 243, during Gordian III's campaign against Shapur I of Persia, when the Praetorian prefect Timesitheus died under unclear circumstances. At the suggestion of his brother Priscus, Philip became the new Praetorian prefect, with the intention that the two brothers would control the young Emperor and rule the Roman world as unofficial regents. Following a military defeat, Gordian III died in February 244 under circumstances that are still debated. While some claim that Philip conspired in his murder, other accounts (including one coming from the Persian point of view) state that Gordian died in battle. Whatever the case, Philip assumed the purple robe following Gordian's death.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Philip was not willing to repeat the mistakes of previous claimants, and was aware that he had to return to Rome in order to secure his position with the Senate. However, his first priority was to conclude a peace treaty with Shapur, and withdraw the army from a potentially disastrous situation. Although Philip was accused of abandoning territory, the actual terms of the peace were not as humiliating as they could have been. Philip apparently retained Timesitheus’ reconquest of Osroene and Mesopotamia, but he had to agree that Armenia lay within Persia's sphere of influence. He also had to pay an enormous indemnity to the Persians of 500,000 denarii. Philip immediately issued coins proclaiming that he had made peace with the Persians ("pax fundata cum Persis").


title: Philip the Arab

text: Leading his army back up the Euphrates, south of Circesium Philip erected a cenotaph in honor of Gordian III, but his ashes were sent ahead to Rome, where he arranged for Gordian III's deification. Whilst in Antioch, he left his brother Priscus as extraordinary ruler of the Eastern provinces, with the title of "rector Orientis". Moving westward, he gave his brother-in-law Severianus control of the provinces of Moesia and Macedonia. He arrived in Rome in the late summer of 244, where he was confirmed "Augustus". Before the end of the year, he nominated his young son "Caesar" and heir, his wife, Marcia Otacilia Severa, was named Augusta, and he also deified his father Marinus, even though the latter had never been emperor. While in Rome, Philip also claimed an official victory over the Persians with the titles of "Parthicus Adiabenicus", "Persicus Maximus" and "Parthicus Maximus".


title: Philip the Arab

text: In an attempt to shore up his regime, Philip put a great deal of effort in maintaining good relations with the Senate, and from the beginning of his reign, he reaffirmed the old Roman virtues and traditions. He quickly ordered an enormous building program in his home town, renaming it Philippopolis, and raising it to civic status, while he populated it with statues of himself and his family. He also introduced the Actia-Dusaria Games in Bostra, capital of Arabia. This festival combined the worship of Dushara, the main Nabataean deity, with commemoration of the Battle of Actium, as part of the Roman Imperial cult.


title: Philip the Arab

text: The creation of the new city of Philippopolis, piled on top of the massive tribute owed to the Persians, as well as the necessary "donativum" to the army to secure its acceptance of his accession, made Philip desperately short of money. To pay for it, he ruthlessly increased levels of taxation, while at the same time he ceased paying subsidies to the tribes north of the Danube that were vital for keeping the peace on the frontiers. Both decisions would have significant impacts upon the empire and his reign.


title: Philip the Arab

text: In 245, Philip was forced to leave Rome as the stability established by Timesitheus was undone by a combination of his death, Gordian's defeat in the east and Philip's decision to cease paying the subsidies. The Carpi moved through Dacia, crossed the Danube and emerged in Moesia where they threatened the Balkans. Establishing his headquarters in Philippopolis in Thrace, he pushed the Carpi across the Danube and chased them back into Dacia, so that by the summer of 246, he claimed victory against them, along with the title "Carpicus Maximus". In the meantime, the Arsacids of Armenia refused to acknowledge the authority of the Persian king Shapur I, and war with Persia flared up again by 245.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Nevertheless, Philip was back in Rome by August 247, where he poured more money into the most momentous event of his reign – the Ludi Saeculares, which coincided with the one thousandth anniversary of the foundation of Rome. So in April 248 AD (April 1001 A.U.C.), Philip had the honor of leading the celebrations of the one thousandth birthday of Rome, which according to tradition was founded on April 21, 753 BC by Romulus.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Commemorative coins, such as the one illustrated at left, were issued in large numbers and, according to contemporary accounts, the festivities were magnificent and included spectacular games, ludi saeculares, and theatrical presentations throughout the city. In the Colosseum, in what had been originally prepared for Gordian III's planned Roman triumph over the Persians, more than 1,000 gladiators were killed along with hundreds of exotic animals including hippos, leopards, lions, giraffes, and one rhinoceros. The events were also celebrated in literature, with several publications, including Asinius Quadratus' "History of a Thousand Years", specially prepared for the anniversary. At the same time, Philip elevated his son to the rank of co-Augustus.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Despite the festive atmosphere, there were continued problems in the provinces. In late 248, the legions of Pannonia and Moesia, dissatisfied with the result of the war against the Carpi, rebelled and proclaimed Tiberius Claudius Pacatianus emperor. The resulting confusion tempted the Quadi and other Germanic tribes to cross the frontier and raid Pannonia. At the same time, the Goths invaded Moesia and Thrace across the Danube frontier, and laid siege to Marcianopolis, as the Carpi, encouraged by the Gothic incursions, renewed their assaults in Dacia and Moesia. Meanwhile, in the East, Marcus Jotapianus led another uprising in response to the oppressive rule of Priscus and the excessive taxation of the Eastern provinces. Two other usurpers, Marcus Silbannacus and Sponsianus, are reported to have started rebellions without much success.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Overwhelmed by the number of invasions and usurpers, Philip offered to resign, but the Senate decided to throw its support behind the emperor, with a certain Gaius Messius Quintus Decius most vocal of all the senators. Philip was so impressed by his support that he dispatched Decius to the region with a special command encompassing all of the Pannonian and Moesian provinces. This had a dual purpose of both quelling the rebellion of Pacatianus as well as dealing with the barbarian incursions.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Although Decius managed to quell the revolt, discontent in the legions was growing. Decius was proclaimed emperor by the Danubian armies in the spring of 249 and immediately marched on Rome. Yet even before he had left the region, the situation for Philip had turned even more sour. Financial difficulties had forced him to debase the antoninianus, as rioting began to occur in Egypt, causing disruptions to Rome's wheat supply and further eroding Philip's support in the capital.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Although Decius tried to come to terms with Philip, Philip's army met the usurper near modern Verona that summer. Decius easily won the battle and Philip was killed sometime in September 249, either in the fighting or assassinated by his own soldiers who were eager to please the new ruler. Philip's eleven-year-old son and heir may have been killed with his father and Priscus disappeared without a trace.


title: Philip the Arab

text: Some later traditions, first mentioned by the historian Eusebius in his "Ecclesiastical History", held that Philip was the first Christian Roman Emperor. According to Eusebius ("Ecc. Hist." VI.34), Philip was a Christian, but was not allowed to enter Easter vigil services until he confessed his sins and was ordered to sit among the penitents, which he did willingly. Later versions located this event in Antioch.


title: Philip the Arab

text: However, historians generally identify the later Emperor Constantine, baptized on his deathbed, as the first Christian emperor, and generally describe Philip's adherence to Christianity as dubious, because non-Christian writers do not mention the fact, and because throughout his reign, Philip to all appearances (coinage, etc.) continued to follow the state religion. Critics ascribe Eusebius' claim as probably due to the tolerance Philip showed towards Christians.


title: Frances Bavier

text: Frances Elizabeth Bavier (December 14, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American stage and television actress. Originally from New York theatre, she worked in film and television from the 1950s until the 1970s. She is best known for her role of Aunt Bee on "The Andy Griffith Show" and "Mayberry R.F.D." from 1960 to 1970. Aunt Bee logged more Mayberry years (ten) than any other character. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Comedy Actress for the role in 1967. Bavier was additionally known for playing Amy Morgan on "It's a Great Life" (1954–1956).


title: Frances Bavier

text: Bavier was born in New York City in a brownstone on Gramercy Park to Charles S. Bavier, a stationary engineer, and Mary S. (née Birmingham) Bavier. She originally planned to become a teacher after attending Columbia University. She first appeared in vaudeville, later moving to the Broadway stage.


title: Frances Bavier

text: After graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1925, she was cast in the stage comedy "The Poor Nut". Bavier's big break came in the original Broadway production of "On Borrowed Time". She later appeared with Henry Fonda in the play "Point of No Return".


title: Frances Bavier

text: Bavier had roles in more than a dozen films, as well as playing a range of supporting roles on television. Career highlights include her turn as Mrs. Barley in the classic 1951 film "The Day the Earth Stood Still". In 1955, she played the rough and tough "Aunt Maggie" Sawtelle, a frontier Ma Barker-type character, in the "Lone Ranger" episode "Sawtelle's Saga End". In 1957, she played Nora Martin, mother of Eve Arden's character on "The Eve Arden Show", despite the fact that Arden was less than six years younger than Bavier. That same year, Bavier guest-starred in the eighth episode of "Perry Mason" as Louise Marlow in "The Case of the Crimson Kiss".


title: Frances Bavier

text: She was in an episode of "Make Room for Daddy", which featured Andy Griffith as Andy Taylor and Ron Howard as Opie Taylor. She played a character named Henrietta Perkins. The episode led to "The Andy Griffith Show", and Bavier was cast in the role of Aunt Bee. Bavier had a love-hate relationship with her famous role during the run of the show. As a New York City actress, she felt her dramatic talents were being overlooked, yet after playing Bee for eight seasons, she was the only original cast member to remain with the series in the spin-off, "Mayberry R.F.D.", for two additional seasons.


title: Frances Bavier

text: Bavier was easily offended on the set of "The Andy Griffith Show" and the production staff took a cautious approach when communicating with her. Series star Andy Griffith once admitted the two sometimes clashed during the series run. On an appearance on "Larry King Live" (November 27, 2003), Griffith said Bavier phoned him four months before she died and apologized for being "difficult" during the series run. Bavier confessed in an interview with Bill Ballard for Carolina Camera that "it is very difficult for an actress ... to create a role and to be so identified that you as a person no longer exist and all the recognition you get is for a part that is created on the screen."


title: Frances Bavier

text: Bavier won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy in 1967.


title: Frances Bavier

text: In 1972, Bavier retired from acting and bought a home in Siler City, North Carolina. On choosing to live in North Carolina instead of her native New York, Bavier said, "I fell in love with North Carolina, all the pretty roads and the trees." Bavier was said to have married Russell Carpenter briefly in her early career, but there is no proof of this having actually occurred. According to a 1981 article by Chip Womick, a staff writer of "The Courier Tribune", Bavier enthusiastically promoted Christmas and Easter Seal Societies from her Siler City home, and often wrote inspirational letters to fans who sought autographs. Additionally she left a $100,000 trust fund for the police force in Siler City, North Carolina whose interest is divided between the approximately 20 employees as a bonus every December.


title: Frances Bavier

text: Bavier was described "as living a sparse life in her later years, a very quiet life". On November 22, 1989, she was admitted to Chatham Hospital, where she was kept in the coronary care unit for two weeks. She was discharged on December 4, 1989, ten days before her 87th birthday. Bavier died at 7pm on December 6, 1989, two days after being released from the hospital. The immediate causes of death were listed as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis, with supporting factors being breast cancer, arthritis, and COPD.


title: Frances Bavier

text: Bavier is interred at Oakwood Cemetery in Siler City. Her headstone includes the name of her most famous role, "Aunt Bee", and reads, "To live in the hearts of those left behind is not to die."


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The Lovin' Spoonful is an American rock band popular during the mid- to late-1960s. Founded in New York City in 1965 by lead singer/songwriter John Sebastian and guitarist Zal Yanovsky, the band is widely known for a number of hits, including "Summer in the City", "Do You Believe In Magic", "Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind?", and "Daydream".


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The Lovin' Spoonful was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000, and in 2006 the group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The band had its roots in the folk music scene based in the Greenwich Village section of lower Manhattan during the early 1960s. John B. Sebastian, the son of classical harmonicist John Sebastian, grew up in the Village in contact with music and musicians, including some of those involved with the American folk music revival of the 1950s through the early 1960s. Sebastian formed the Spoonful with guitarist Zal Yanovsky from a bohemian folk group playing local coffee houses and small clubs called The Mugwumps, two other members of which, Cass Elliot and Denny Doherty, later formed half of the Mamas & the Papas. The formation of the Lovin' Spoonful during this period was later described in the lyrics of the Mamas & the Papas' name dropping 1967 top ten hit, "Creeque Alley".


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Drummer Jan Carl and bassist Steve Boone rounded out the group, but Carl was replaced by drummer-vocalist Joe Butler after the group's first gig at The Night Owl in Greenwich Village. Butler had previously played with Boone in a group called The Kingsmen (not the hit group of "Louie Louie" fame). The group's first Night Owl performances were reportedly so bad that the club owner told them to go away and practice, so they practiced in the basement of the nearby Hotel Albert until they had improved enough to draw audience attention.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The group made its first recordings for Elektra Records in early 1965 and agreed in principle to sign a long-term deal with Elektra in exchange for a $10,000 advance. However, Kama Sutra Records had an option to sign the Lovin' Spoonful as recording artists as part of a previously signed production deal, and Kama Sutra exercised the option upon learning of Elektra's intent to sign the band. The four tracks recorded for Elektra were released on the 1966 various artists' compilation LP "What's Shakin'" after the band's success on Kama Sutra.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The band worked with producer Erik Jacobsen to release their first single on July 20, 1965, "Do You Believe in Magic", written by Sebastian. Additionally, they wrote their own material (aside from a few covers, mostly on their first album), including "Younger Girl" (which missed the Hot 100), which was a hit for The Critters in mid-1966.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: "Do You Believe in Magic" reached #9 on the Hot 100, and the band followed it up with a series of hit singles and albums throughout 1965 and 1966, all produced by Jacobsen. The Lovin' Spoonful became known for such folk-flavored pop hits as "You Didn't Have to Be So Nice", which reached #10, and "Daydream", which went to #2. Other hits included "Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind?" (another #2 hit) and "Summer in the City", their only song to reach #1 on the Hot 100 (August 13–27, 1966). Later that year, the #10 hit "Rain on the Roof" and the #8 hit "Nashville Cats" (which went on to become a staple in the concerts of bluegrass legend Del McCoury) completed the group's first seven consecutive Hot 100 hits to reach that chart's top 10. The only other 1960s act to achieve that feat is Gary Lewis & the Playboys.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The Lovin' Spoonful was one of the most successful pop/rock groups to have jug band and folk roots, and nearly half the songs on their first album were modernized versions of blues standards. Their popularity revived interest in the form, and many subsequent jug bands cite them as an inspiration. The rest of their albums featured mostly original songs, but their jug band roots showed up again and again, particularly in "Daydream" and the lesser-known "Money" (which reached only #48, in 1968), featuring a typewriter as percussion.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Lovin' Spoonful members termed their approach "good-time music". In the liner notes of "Do You Believe in Magic," Zal Yanovsky said that he "became a convert to Reddy Kilowatt because it's loud, and people dance to it, and it's loud." Soon-to-be members of the psychedelic rock band the Grateful Dead were part of the West Coast acoustic folk music scene when the Lovin' Spoonful came to town on tour. They credited the Lovin' Spoonful concert as a fateful experience, after which they decided to leave the folk scene and "go electric".


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: At the peak of the band's success, the producers of the television series that later became "The Monkees" initially planned to build their series around the Lovin' Spoonful but dropped the band from the project due to conflicts over song publishing rights. The band also gained an added bit of publicity when Butler replaced Jim Rado in the role of Claude for a sold-out four-month run with the Broadway production of the rock musical "Hair". The Lovin' Spoonful's song "Pow!" was used as the opening theme of Woody Allen's first feature film, "What's Up, Tiger Lily"; the band also composed and played instrumental music for the film and appeared in some live performance sequences in the film (reportedly added during post-production without Allen's knowledge or consent). Shortly thereafter, John Sebastian composed the music for Francis Ford Coppola's second film, "You're a Big Boy Now", and the Lovin' Spoonful played the music for the soundtrack, which included yet another hit, "Darling Be Home Soon". Both films were released in 1966. In addition, the Michelangelo Antonioni film "Blow-up", also released that year, contained an instrumental version of the Spoonful song, "Butchie's Tune", performed by jazz musician Herbie Hancock.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In early 1967, the band broke with their producer, Erik Jacobsen, turning to Joe Wissert to produce the single "Six O'Clock", which reached #18 in the U.S.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Yanovsky left the band after the soundtrack album "You're a Big Boy Now" was released in May 1967, primarily due to a drug bust in San Francisco, in which he was arrested for possession of marijuana and pressured by police to name his supplier. He was a Canadian citizen and feared that he would be barred from re-entering the U.S., so he complied. The incident resulted in a public backlash from the counterculture against the band, with a full-page ad in the "Los Angeles Free Press" (according to music critic Ralph Gleason) "urging people not to buy Spoonful records and not to attend their concerts and, to the girls, not to ball them." Although Yanovsky went on to release a solo single and album, his musical career was severely harmed. He later left the music business and opened a restaurant, Chez Piggy, in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The restaurant is now owned and run by his daughter.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Yanovsky, Sebastian and Boone all independently concurred in interviews that Yanovsky's sacking was due to Yanovsky's open disenchantment with the band's direction and Sebastian's songwriting. Sebastian's music was becoming "more personal" while Yanovsky desired a (probably unachievable) return to their early years club scene.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Yanovsky's replacement was Jerry Yester, formerly of the Modern Folk Quartet. Around this time, perhaps coincidentally, the band's sound became more pop-oriented.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The new line-up of the Lovin' Spoonful recorded two moderately successful Wissert-produced singles ("She Is Still a Mystery" and "Money"), as well as the 11-cut "Everything Playing", issued in December 1967. Sebastian, whose final show may have been May 10, 1968, at Susquehanna University in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, left the group by the end of the month to go solo.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The group was now officially a trio, and drummer Butler (who had previously sung lead on a few album tracks) became the group's new lead vocalist. Up to this point Sebastian had written (or co-written) and sung every one of the Lovin' Spoonful's hits; the band now turned to outside writers for their singles, and used a variety of outside producers. The band's last two Hot 100 entries, "Never Goin' Back (to Nashville)" written by John Stewart and "Me About You", were sung by Butler. In addition, "Never Goin' Back" only featured Yester and Butler's playing—the other musical parts were played by session musicians, which had not occurred since drummer Gary Chester played on "Do You Believe In Magic." "Never Goin' Back" was the highest-charting single of the group's post-Sebastian career, topping out at #73.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: With commercial success waning, the Lovin' Spoonful lasted only until early 1969. They split up following the release of their album "Revelation: Revolution '69". In 1969 Boone produced an album for Mercury Records by a group known as The Oxpetals, a cosmic rock band inspired by The Moody Blues' "In Search of the Lost Chord". When the album failed to chart Boone bought a sailboat and lived aboard for the next 4 years in the Caribbean. In 1973 he moved back to Baltimore, Maryland, took over a recording studio built by engineer George Massenburg, and renamed it Blue Seas after a ship that was salvaged in the Caribbean. Blue Seas went on to record many well known artists, among them Lowell George and Little Feat, who recorded "Feats Don't Fail Me Now" there, Robert Palmer and The Seldom Scene.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In 1970, following John Sebastian's 1969 solo performance at Woodstock, Kama Sutra issued the song "Younger Generation" as a single. Sebastian had closed his Woodstock set with the song. The single version was taken from the two-year-old "Everything Playing" album and credited to "The Lovin' Spoonful featuring John Sebastian"; it failed to chart.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In 1976, however, a solo Sebastian scored another No. 1 Hot 100 hit with "Welcome Back", the theme song to the ABC sitcom, "Welcome Back, Kotter". On this recording, Murray Weinstock (a current member of the Lovin' Spoonful) is playing piano.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The original group (Sebastian, Yanovsky, Butler and Boone) reunited briefly in the fall of 1979 for a show at the Concord Hotel in the Catskills for an appearance in the Paul Simon film "One Trick Pony", which was released in October 1980.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In 1991, after a long-awaited settlement with their record company, Butler and Boone decided to start up the Lovin' Spoonful again with Jerry Yester. They were joined by Jerry's brother, Jim Yester (vocals and guitar), formerly of The Association. Sebastian and Yanovsky declined to participate. In March 1992 drummer John Marrella was added to the band to allow Joe Butler to concentrate on vocals. After a two-month rehearsal in the Berkshire Mountains, the group started touring, with Joe Butler now the most common lead singer. Keyboardist David Jayco was added in June 1992. Jim Yester left this new grouping in March 1993 and was replaced by guitarist Randy Chance. Jerry's daughter, Lena Yester (vocals and keyboards), replaced David Jayco at the same time. Randy Chance was sacked in June 1993 and was not replaced. Mike Arturi replaced John Marrella on drums in March 1997 and Phil Smith joined on guitar in 2000 replacing Lena Yester.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The original four members of the Lovin' Spoonful were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 6, 2000. All four original members appeared at the ceremony and performed "Do You Believe in Magic" and "Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind?".


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Yanovsky died in 2002. Sebastian has stated that he no longer wishes to perform with the remaining members of the group because he wanted to move on when he left the group.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Jerry Yester was fired from the group in 2017 after being arrested on 30 counts of child pornography.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The current group, still led by Butler and Boone, continues to perform with Phil Smith (guitar & vocals), Mike Arturi (drums) and Murray Weinstock (piano & vocals).


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In February 2020, the three surviving original members (Sebastian, Boone and Butler) performed together as The Lovin’ Spoonful for the first time in 20 years as part of the Wild Honey Orchestra’s all-star tribute to the band. The concert benefited the Autism Think Tank.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: John Lennon's personal jukebox was found to contain the Lovin' Spoonful record "Daydream." Interviewed about the find, John Sebastian revealed he had been given a Beatles rehearsal tape that contained Lennon singing "Daydream."


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Paul McCartney has stated that "Good Day Sunshine" was "really very much a nod to The Lovin’ Spoonful's ‘Daydream,’ the same traditional, almost trad-jazz feel. That was our favourite record of theirs. ‘Good Day Sunshine’ was me trying to write something similar to ‘Daydream.’"


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Dave Davies of the Kinks has stated he and brother Ray Davies listened to the Lovin' Spoonful "above and beyond the Beatles". He cited the band "integrating lots of different elements – blues, country and folk music and a bit of rock."


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The band's name was inspired by some lines in a song of Mississippi John Hurt called the "Coffee Blues". John Sebastian and others in the jug-folk scene of the time such as Geoff Muldaur credit Fritz Richmond for suggesting the name.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: The song "Coffee Blues" is a tribute to Maxwell House Coffee, which Hurt describes, "rapping" in the beginning of the song, as being two or three times any other brand, ergo, he only needs one spoonful to make him feel all right, what he describes as "my lovin' spoonful" in the song. The song is part of a group of songs with a long history in recorded blues that generally use the term "a spoonful" to suggest sex, and in some cases use of a drug such as cocaine. The term "lovin' spoonful" has been conjectured as referring to the amount of ejaculate released by a human male during a typical orgasm.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In the AMC television series "Mad Men", which is set in the 1960s, the characters Sally Draper and Glen Bishop are fans of the band. The band's song "Butchie's Tune" is featured in the penultimate episode of the series' fifth season. Jazz saxophonist Bud Shank released an album of jazz covers of Lovin' Spoonful songs, "A Spoonful of Jazz", in 1967. In 2016, rock artist Richard Barone recorded a version of the Spoonful's "Did You Ever Have To Make Up Your Mind?" featuring John Sebastian on harmonica and autoharp, and making a vocal cameo appearance. Bobby Weinstein and The Lovin' Cohens turned "Nashville Cats" into "Noshville Katz", a frequent Dr. Demento staple.


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: "Nashville Cats" was played in the Ken Burns docuseries "Country Music" episode "The Sons and Daughters of America (1964–1968)" on September 22, 2019 in referring to Chet Atkins and the stock of talented guitar pickers who created the "Nashville Sound".


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: Haruki Murakami mentions them in "What I Talk About When I Talk About Running" as an "old favorite", stating: "Today I ran for an hour and ten minutes, listening on my Walkman to two albums by the Lovin’ Spoonful -- 'Daydream' and 'Hums of the Lovin’ Spoonful'...I love listening to the Lovin’ Spoonful. Their music is sort of laid-back and never pretentious."


title: The Lovin' Spoonful

text: In 2012, "Do You Believe In Magic?" appeared in the Team Fortress 2 video "Meet The Pyro" when the camera shows what is actually happening in Pyro's brain as he decimates and terrorizes the BLU team.


title: Sarcasm

text: Sarcasm is the caustic use of words, often in a humorous way, to mock someone or something. Sarcasm may employ ambivalence, although it is not necessarily ironic. Most noticeable in spoken word, sarcasm is mainly distinguished by the inflection with which it is spoken or, with an undercurrent of irony, by the extreme disproportion of the comment to the situation, and is largely context-dependent.


title: Sarcasm

text: The word comes from the Greek σαρκασμός ("sarkasmós") which is taken from σαρκάζειν ("sarkázein") meaning "to tear flesh, bite the lip in rage, sneer".


title: Sarcasm

text: It is first recorded in English in 1579, in an annotation to "The Shepheardes Calender" by Edmund Spenser:


title: Sarcasm

text: However, the word "sarcastic", meaning "Characterized by or involving sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly cutting or caustic", doesn't appear until 1695.


title: Sarcasm

text: In sarcasm, ridicule or mockery is used harshly, often crudely and contemptuously, for destructive purposes. It may be used in an indirect manner, and have the form of irony, as in "What a fine musician you turned out to be!," "It's like you're a whole different person now...," and "Oh... Well then thanks for all the first aid over the years!" or it may be used in the form of a direct statement, "You couldn't play one piece correctly if you had two assistants." The distinctive quality of sarcasm is present in the spoken word and manifested chiefly by vocal inflection ...


title: Sarcasm

text: Distinguishing sarcasm from banter, and referring to the use of irony in sarcasm, Derek Bousfield writes that sarcasm is: The use of strategies which, "on the surface" appear to be appropriate to the situation, but are meant to be taken as meaning the opposite in terms of "face management". That is, the utterance which appears, on the surface, to maintain or enhance the face of the recipient actually attacks and damages the face of the recipient. ... "sarcasm" is an insincere form of politeness which is used to offend one's interlocutor.


title: Sarcasm

text: 17.'Never a truer word said in jest': A Pragmastylistic Analysis of Impoliteness as Banter in Henry IV, Part I, Derek Bousfield (University of Huddersfield, UK)


title: Sarcasm

text: John Haiman writes: "There is an extremely close connection between sarcasm and irony, and literary theorists in particular often treat sarcasm as simply the crudest and least interesting form of irony." Also, he adds:


title: Sarcasm

text: First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.


title: Sarcasm

text: Sarcasm does not necessarily involve irony. But irony, or the use of expressions conveying different things according as they are interpreted, is so often made the vehicle of sarcasm ... The essence of sarcasm is the intention of giving pain by (ironical or other) bitter words.


title: Sarcasm

text: Professionals in psychology and related fields have long looked upon sarcasm negatively, particularly noting that sarcasm tends to be a maladaptive coping mechanism for those with unresolved anger or frustrations. Psychologist Clifford N. Lazarus describes sarcasm as "hostility disguised as humor". While an occasional sarcastic comment may enliven a conversation, Lazarus suggests that too frequent use of sarcasm tends to "overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation".


title: Sarcasm

text: Understanding the subtlety of this usage requires second-order interpretation of the speaker's or writer's intentions; different parts of the brain must work together to understand sarcasm. This sophisticated understanding can be lacking in some people with certain forms of brain damage, dementia and sometimes autism, and this perception has been located by MRI in the right parahippocampal gyrus. Research on the anatomy of sarcasm has shown, according to Richard Delmonico, a neuropsychologist at University of California, Davis, that people with damage in the prefrontal cortex have difficulty understanding non-verbal aspects of language like tone. Neuroscientist David Salmon at the University of California, San Diego, stated that this type of research could help doctors distinguish between different types of neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.


title: Sarcasm

text: In William Brant's "Critique of Sarcastic Reason", sarcasm is hypothesized to develop as a cognitive and emotional tool that adolescents use in order to test the borders of politeness and truth in conversation. Sarcasm recognition and expression both require the development of understanding forms of language, especially if sarcasm occurs without a cue or signal (e.g., a sarcastic tone or rolling the eyes). Sarcasm is argued to be more sophisticated than lying because lying is expressed as early as the age of three, but sarcastic expressions take place much later during development (Brant, 2012). According to Brant (2012, 145–6), sarcasm is


title: Sarcasm

text: Cultural perspectives on sarcasm vary widely with more than a few cultures and linguistic groups finding it offensive to varying degrees. Thomas Carlyle despised it: "Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it". Fyodor Dostoevsky, on the other hand, recognized in it a cry of pain: Sarcasm, he said, was "usually the last refuge of modest and chaste-souled people when the privacy of their soul is coarsely and intrusively invaded." RFC 1855, a collection of guidelines for Internet communications, includes a warning to be especially careful with it as it "may not travel well." Another study of sarcasm over email verifies these claims. A professional translator has advised that international business executives "should generally avoid sarcasm in intercultural business conversations and written communications" because of the difficulties in translating sarcasm.


title: Sarcasm

text: A 2015 study by L. Huang, F. Gino and A.D. Galinsky of the Harvard Business School "tests a novel theoretical model in which both the construction and interpretation of sarcasm lead to greater creativity because they activate abstract thinking."


title: Sarcasm

text: In English, sarcasm is often telegraphed with kinesic/prosodic cues by speaking more slowly and with a lower pitch. Similarly, Dutch uses a lowered pitch; sometimes to such an extent that the expression is reduced to a mere mumble. But other research shows that there are many ways that real speakers signal sarcastic intentions. One study found that in Cantonese, sarcasm is indicated by raising the fundamental frequency of one's voice. In Amharic, rising intonation is used to show sarcasm.


title: Sarcasm

text: Though in the English language there is no standard accepted method to denote irony or sarcasm in written conversation, several forms of punctuation have been proposed. Among the oldest and frequently attested are the percontation point—furthered by Henry Denham in the 1580s—and the irony mark—furthered by Alcanter de Brahm in the 19th century. Both of these marks were represented visually by a ⸮ backwards question mark (unicode U+2E2E). Each of these punctuation marks are primarily used to indicate that a sentence should be understood as ironic, but not necessarily designate sarcasm that is not ironic. By contrast, more recent proposals, such as the snark mark, or the use of a following tilde are specifically intended to denote sarcasm rather than irony. A bracketed exclamation point or question mark as well as scare quotes are also sometimes used to express irony or ironic sarcasm.


title: Sarcasm

text: In certain Ethiopic languages, sarcasm and unreal phrases are indicated at the end of a sentence with a sarcasm mark called temherte slaq, a character that looks like an inverted exclamation point ¡. The usage directly parallels John Wilkins' 1668 proposal to use the inverted exclamation point as an irony mark. A proposal by Asteraye Tsigie and Daniel Yacob in 1999 to include the "temherte slaq" in unicode was unsuccessful.


title: Sarcasm

text: While sarcasm (harsh ridicule or mockery) is often directly associated with verbal irony (meaning the opposite of what is said) and the two are frequently used together; sarcasm is not necessarily ironic by definition, and either element can be used without the other.


title: Sarcasm

text: After an onlooker comments on one being drunk: "My dear, tomorrow I will be sober, and you will still be ugly!"


title: Sarcasm

text: After a popular teacher apologizes to the class for answering his phone in the other room: "I don't know if we can forgive you!"


title: Sarcasm

text: A French company has developed an analytics tool that claims to have up to 80% accuracy in identifying sarcastic comments posted online.


title: Sarcasm

text: In June 2014, the United States Secret Service requested bids for software that would identify sarcasm in tweets.


title: Sarcasm

text: The Buddhist monk Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu has identified sarcasm as contrary to right speech, an aspect of the Noble Eightfold Path leading to the end of suffering. He opines that sarcasm is an unskillful and unwholesome method of humor, which he contrasts with an approach based on frankly highlighting the ironies inherent in life.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The Terminator, also known as a Cyberdyne Systems Model 101 or the T-800, is the name of several film characters from the "Terminator" franchise portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger and numerous actor stand-ins digitally overlaid with Schwarzenegger's likeness. The Terminator himself is part of a series of machines created by Skynet for infiltration-based surveillance and assassination missions, and while an android for his appearance, he is usually described as a cyborg consisting of living tissue over a robotic endoskeleton.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The first appearance of the Terminator was as the eponymous antagonist in "The Terminator", a 1984 film directed and co-written by James Cameron. While the original Terminator was destroyed, other machines with the same appearance are featured in the sequels. In "" and "", Schwarzenegger's Terminator serves as the main protagonist, while in "Terminator Genisys" and "", he serves as a supporting protagonist, and is pitted against other Terminators sent by Skynet and its successor Legion. In "Terminator Salvation" and "Dark Fate", the character also appears briefly as an antagonist. In the context of the stories, the plot device of having various robots looking the same provides a certain continuity for the human characters by exploiting their emotional familiarity with a particular "human" visage associated with each "model". The "Terminator" title is also used as a generic name for other human-simulating characters in the "Terminator" franchise, such as the T-1000 antagonist in "Judgment Day".


title: Terminator (character)

text: Commonly known as the Terminator, the character is also given more specific designations, which help distinguish it from other mass-produced Terminators seen in each of the sequels. The end credits of the first three "Terminator" films list Arnold Schwarzenegger's characters as simply "Terminator", while in "Terminator Genisys", he is credited as "Guardian". In "Terminator Salvation", the character is credited and referred to as "T-800", while in "", the character is credited as "T-800 / Carl".


title: Terminator (character)

text: In the first two films and "Dark Fate", the character is referred to as "Cyberdyne Systems Model 101". In "" ("T3"), it is referred to as a "T-101". This name also occurs throughout the "T2" novels. The name "T101" was used as early as 1991, in the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum versions of the "Terminator 2" computer game. In the "T2" Extreme Edition DVD, and the , he is referred to as an 800 series and a T-800. Trailers and a deleted scene of "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" identify the Terminator specifically as a "Cyberdyne Systems Series 800 Model 101". The "T3" DVD extras refer to him as an "850 series Model 101", a "T-850", and a "T-101". The novelization of the third film also refers to the character as T-850, described as a newer, upgraded version of the T-800. "Terminator Salvation" has the first on-screen usage of the term T-800, a name that is also used in "Terminator Genisys". Additionally, in an early scene in "Terminator Genisys", an automated voice at Skynet's facility refers to a younger version of the character as a "Model 101".


title: Terminator (character)

text: Most of the merchandising for "T2" and "T3"—both at the time of their releases and retroactively—used the T-800 and T-850 nomenclature, contributing to this designation having arguably the most popular and widely disseminated usage, especially in direct juxtaposition to the explicitly named T-600s and T-1000. Such merchandise included Action Masters miniatures, Cinemaquette statues, Sideshow Collectibles replicas, Hollywood Collectibles statuettes, ArtFX kits, Medicom figures, and products by Hot Toys, and McFarlane Toys.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The specific Terminator characters portrayed by Schwarzenegger are also called on-screen by several individual names or nicknames. In "Terminator 2: Judgment Day", John Connor introduces the Model 101 to his mother's friends as his "Uncle Bob". In "Terminator Genisys", Sarah Connor refers to the T-800 as "Pops". In "", the character goes by the name "Carl".


title: Terminator (character)

text: In the "T2" commentary, Cameron states that the Model 101s all look like Schwarzenegger, with a 102 looking like someone else, leading to speculation that the 101 refers to the physical appearance while the 800 refers to the endoskeleton common to many models. A scene deleted from the theatrical cut, but restored in the "Terminator 2" Special Edition, lends the most credence to this explanation: John and Sarah Connor shut down the Terminator for modification according to his instructions. When he reboots, the upper-left of his HUD reads "Cyberdyne Systems Series 800 Model 101 Version 2.4". Additionally, the original "Terminator 2" teaser trailer further verifies this on a display monitor during android tissue generation, referencing "Series 800 Model 101". In the T2 novel "T2: Infiltrator", a skinless T-800 is known as a T-90, while a T-800 with Schwarzenegger's likeness is stated to be part of the T-101 series, specifically a T-101A.


title: Terminator (character)

text: A Cyberdyne Systems Model 101 Terminator with living tissue over a metal endoskeleton, played by Schwarzenegger, is the main antagonist of "The Terminator", the original "Terminator" film. Another Model 101, having been reprogrammed by the human resistance in the future, is the protagonist of "". In "", Schwarzenegger plays a Terminator known as T-101. His character is destroyed at the end of each of these films.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The fourth installment, "Terminator Salvation", reveals the origin of the character. Roland Kickinger was cast as the principal actor but CGI was used to superimpose Schwarzenegger's face from the original 1984 film. In the fifth installment, "Terminator Genisys", Schwarzenegger plays an aging T-800 (reprogrammed by an unknown party) and becomes a mentor and father figure to a young Sarah Connor of an alternate timeline, and Brett Azar portrays the original Terminator from the first film, with Schwarzenegger's then-likeness utilized via CGI. In the sixth film, "", Schwarzenegger once more plays an aging T-800 that managed to kill John Connor three years after the events of "Judgment Day". Due to Skynet's cessation, the T-800 appears to have gained self-awareness and integrated itself into human society, adopting the name "Carl" and developing the equivalent of a remorseful conscience upon discovering how John's death affected Sarah Connor. Azar also returns to his role, portraying Carl at physical prime in the opening sequence (again with Schwarzenegger's then-likeness utilized).


title: Terminator (character)

text: The character's catchphrase, used throughout the franchise, is "I'll be back", though at times with variations; in "Terminator 3", it says about the T-X, "She'll be back", and later, "I'm back"; and in "Terminator: Dark Fate", it tells its family, "I won't be back". Throughout the films, other characters use the phrase, such as John Connor in "Salvation" (as Schwarzenegger does not appear in the film) and Sarah Connor in "Dark Fate".


title: Terminator (character)

text: The Model 101 is sent back in time to terminate a single target, Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), in 1984, to prevent the birth of her son, John, the future leader of the Human Resistance. Lack of surviving records in the future meant that he was limited to only knowing Sarah's name and that she lived in Los Angeles at the time, with the result that he killed two other Sarah Connors in the same city before he found his target. This allowed Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn), a soldier sent from the future to protect Sarah, to find her before the Terminator does. During several skirmishes the Terminator withstands contemporary gunfire with only superficial damage to his exterior tissue. While he is later caught in a fuel tanker explosion, this only burns away the flesh covering to expose his mechanical nature and causes minor damage to one of his legs, slowing him down. After Kyle sacrifices himself to damage the Terminator with a pipe bomb that destroys his legs, Sarah crushes the remaining endoskeleton in a hydraulic press to shut him down permanently.


title: Terminator (character)

text: A Model 101 is reprogrammed by the future John Connor (Michael Edwards), and sent back to 1995 to protect young John (Edward Furlong) from a T-1000 (Robert Patrick) dispatched to kill him. While interacting with the Connors as they work to prevent Judgment Day (a scene from the extended version of the film shows the Connors explicitly reprogramming the Terminator to be capable of learning rather than Skynet's default "read-only" programming), this Model 101 is taught how to speak in slang-like terms, such as "Hasta la vista, baby", and encouraged to act more human, to the point that it develops into an almost fatherly role for John. Sarah reflects that the Model 101 is the first male figure John has ever had in his life who can be guaranteed to always be there for him. The T-1000 chases Sarah, John, and the Model 101 into a steel mill and overpowers the latter in hand-to-hand combat, impaling it through the chest and destroying its main power supply. However, the Model 101 activates a backup power source, frees itself, and blasts the T-1000 into a vat of molten steel with a grenade launcher to destroy it.


title: Terminator (character)

text: Leading up to these events in the second film, Cyberdyne recovers one forearm and the damaged CPU chip from the Terminator in 1984 and uses those components to radically advance its research and technology, leading eventually to the creation of the machine intelligence entity Skynet. In "Terminator 2", John steals the items from Cyberdyne's research lab and later throws them into the vat to destroy them. Because it cannot self-terminate, the Model 101 has Sarah lower it into the steel in order to destroy its CPU as well and thus prevent its technology from being used to create Skynet.


title: Terminator (character)

text: In the third film, a T-101 Terminator portrayed by Schwarzenegger is reprogrammed to protect John Connor (Nick Stahl), as well as his future wife Kate Brewster (Claire Danes), from a T-X (Kristanna Loken). The T-X is also designed to destroy other Terminators. The T-101 is powered by two hydrogen fuel cells, one of which it discards after being damaged by the T-X. This Terminator, unlike the others, is more familiar with human behaviors. The T-101 tells John that his efforts in the second film did not stop Judgment Day, but merely delayed it. Eventually, the T-X uses its nanites to take control of the T-101's autonomous functions, sending it to kill John and Kate. Since the T-101's core consciousness is still intact and it just lacks physical control of its body, John is able to incites the T-101 to shut down by reminding it of the conflict between its current actions and its programmed mission to ensure his and Kate's survival. The T-101 later reboots itself free from the T-X's control. As John and Kate retreat to a bunker to wait out the now-inevitable nuclear war, the Terminator is destroyed when it jams its remaining hydrogen fuel cell into the T-X's mouth, resulting in a massive detonation that destroys them both.


title: Terminator (character)

text: This T-101 also is revealed to have played a very important role in John's previous future: it is the one that kills John in 2032 after being chosen due to John's emotional attachment to its model, based on the events of "Terminator 2". Despite this, John remains trusting it. Later, the Terminator is captured, reprogrammed and sent to the past to make sure that young-adult John and Kate would survive the start of the war. As a result of John's death in the future, it follows Kate's orders rather than John's, unlike the Terminator in the second film.


title: Terminator (character)

text: In the fourth film, the T-800 has a small role, though once again as an antagonist. It engages John Connor (Christian Bale) in battle during John's attempt to rescue Kyle Reese (Anton Yelchin) from the Skynet base in San Francisco. John holds his own with his advanced weaponry, but is unable to stop the Terminator until it is drenched in molten metal and then liquid nitrogen, freezing it temporarily. As John begins planting hydrogen fuel cells, cyborg prototype Marcus Wright (Sam Worthington) arrives to stall the T-800, able to match its strength due to his own metal endoskeleton, but due to Marcus harbouring biological organs, specifically his human heart, the T-800 is able to incapacitate him long enough to stab John through the abdomen from behind, wounding him. Marcus retaliates by jamming the same metal bar through the T-800's neck and twisting it until its head rips off, destroying it instantly. The hydrogen fuel cells are set off as John and Marcus escape, destroying the base and a number of unfinished T-800s with it.


title: Terminator (character)

text: In "Terminator Genisys", a T-800 was reprogrammed by an unknown party from a point in time further in the future, and sent to 1973 to protect nine-year-old Sarah Connor (Emilia Clarke) from a T-1000 sent to kill her and her parents. After her parents are killed, the T-800 becomes her surrogate father and raises her to prepare for her future destiny, similar to the relationship between its doppelgänger and the young John Connor in "Terminator 2: Judgment Day". The T-800, which Sarah refers to as "Pops", has experienced an unprecedented level of emotional development, to the extent that it keeps her childhood drawings and photographs. In the film, it is speculated that the knowledge of who sent Pops back was deliberately erased from its memory so that Skynet (Matt Smith) could not track them down later. Pops integrates into human society, and at one point obtains a job as a construction worker to build the headquarters for Cyberdyne Systems. Throughout the film, it struggles with its physical limitations due to its increasing age, but it states several times that it is "Old, not obsolete." Like the Terminator in the second film, Pops has been prohibited from killing, but as Sarah says "Pops doesn't kill anyone. Lot of leg wounds though."


title: Terminator (character)

text: After Kyle Reese's (Jai Courtney) arrival in 1984, the trio defeat the T-1000 (Lee Byung-hun) together. Later, in 2017, they battle John Connor (Jason Clarke), who has been transformed into a T-3000 tasked to ensure Skynet's rise. After multiple confrontations, Pops attempts to sacrifice itself to destroy the T-3000, telling Kyle Reese to "protect [his] Sarah". However, during the battle, Pops is thrown into a vat of mimetic polyalloy before the T-3000's defeat, and as a result gains shapeshifting abilities similar to the T-1000, as well as repairing earlier damage such as its lost left arm. Pops gives its approval of Sarah and Kyle's relationship.


title: Terminator (character)

text: A youthful T-800 (Brett Azar), looking like the one in the first film, also appears, and is intercepted by the aging T-800 and Sarah Connor after it arrives in the alternate 1984. Despite Sarah killing the younger cyborg with her high-caliber sniper rifle, the T-1000 reactivates and reprograms it to pursue Kyle Reese. Kyle ultimately retrieves Sarah's sniper rifle and blows the young T-800's head off. The young Terminator's endoskeleton is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and its CPU is used to operate Sarah and the older Terminator's time machine. The CPU is destroyed after the time machine's usage. With both the original T-800 and the T-1000's remains destroyed in 1984 and the older Terminator's existence concealed, Cyberdyne Systems lacks the Skynet technology to work with for decades until John Connor is under Miles Dyson's (Courtney B. Vance) employ and assists his son Danny Dyson (Dayo Okeniyi) in the development of the company's Genisys technology.


title: Terminator (character)

text: In "Terminator: Dark Fate", an alternate sequel to "Judgment Day", Schwarzenegger plays a T-800 called "Carl". Originally one of a series of Terminators sent back by Skynet to kill John Connor prior to its erasure, the Terminator that would become Carl successfully tracked down and killed John Connor in Livingston, Guatemala in 1998, in which it received an identifiable scar on the right side of its face from Sarah during the shootout between them. With its mission complete with no further orders, and with Skynet no longer existing, the T-800 is left purposeless. In time, however, it became self-aware, realized that it is free from Skynet, assumed the name 'Carl', and exhibits behavioral developments much like humans'. Months after killing John, it experienced compassion to an abused woman, Alicia, and made a choice of rescuing her and her child, Mateo, from her uncaring husband. Carl becomes a father figure to Mateo, although his relationship with Alicia is asexual, implying is emotional. Carl's role as a family man gave it some idea of what it had taken from Sarah when it murdered her son, and the memory of John's death torments Carl to the point of being repentant and hates itself of being a child killer. At some point, Carl established a drapery business in Laredo, Texas, where the family lives in a cabin. Over twenty years, Carl has aged significantly, looking like a former bodybuilder in his 70s (as Schwarzenegger was at the time of the film's shooting), and its human social skills have also improved, even able to display humor and affection to its adoptive family.


title: Terminator (character)

text: Since John's death, Carl used its awareness of "chrono displacements" and sent Sarah text messages with the GPS coordinates of where and when various other time travelers such as Terminators would arrive. Carl's intention was to give Sarah a purpose by allowing her the chance to destroy the other Terminators, which Carl felt would give John's death some form of meaning. It also keeps tracks of Sarah's whereabouts to make sure she survives her hunts. In 2020, Sarah is put in a position to help Daniella 'Dani' Ramos escape the Rev-9, a new class of Terminator sent back in time by a Skynet-analogous A.I. called Legion from the year 2042. When Sarah confronts the Rev-9 as it attacks Dani, she also meets Grace, a cybernetically augmented soldier from the future who was sent back to protect Dani. With the aid of GPS coordinates tattooed onto Grace, and Grace hacking into her phone to decrypt and confirm the coordinates are the same, Sarah is led to Carl's home. Carl is then informed of Legion by Grace. Although Sarah hates Carl for the murder of her son, Dani convinces her that they need Carl's help to destroy the Rev-9. Sarah concedes, but she vows to destroy Carl after they stop the Rev-9, and Carl says it understands her intention. Carl's efforts on atonement earned Dani and Grace's respect, and Dani offers her friendship to it. After a confrontation in a hydro-electric dam, the Rev-9 is defeated at the cost of Grace and the T-800's lives, Grace sacrificing her power source to use as an EMP against the Rev-9, with Carl giving its own life to set it off. Its last words are "For John" - a message it always included in the texts it sent to Sarah, finally made amends and departed peacefully.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The T-800 is a guest playable character in the 2019 fighting game "Mortal Kombat 11". The character is available through the game's Kombat Pack bundle of downloadable content. Schwarzenegger's likeness is used for the character, but his voice is not. He is instead voiced by Chris Cox at the suggestion of Schwarzenegger. According to its biography, the Terminator in this game hails from the "Dark Fate" timeline. In its arcade ending, the Terminator uses a device called the Hourglass to rewrite its timeline's history and attempt to destroy humanity on its Earth, but fails. Instead, it creates a future preserving peace between humans and machines before going into the bottomless Sea of Blood to make sure the Hourglass never falls into the wrong hands.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The Terminator is parodied in the side-scrolling shooter game "Broforce" as a playable character called the Brominator, with his appearance referencing Arnold Schwarzenegger, who has the most characters based on him, alongside Brommando and Bronan the Brobarian. As a playable character, he fights with a minigun that can propel him left or right due to its recoil. His special skill is making himself invincible by becoming the T-800. In the PC version of the game, if you die as him while in T-800 form, you get an achievement called “I’ll Be Back”, a reference to the iconic line popular from Terminator.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The Terminator is referenced in "Yo-Kai Watch 3", where a special sidequest is obtained in getting an item called the Studio Pass, which was obtained by an event related to the release of "Terminator Genisys" in the Japanese version of the game, but it wasn’t needed in the international release of the game. In the quest, which is only accessible by playing as Nate, the player meets a completely blank cat Yo-Kai called Greynyan, who needs help to get stronger, so the player teams up with Robonyan F to find three essentials to make him stronger, being a leather jacket, sunglasses and a motorbike, and then a day later, Robonyan F trains Greynyan to become the Terminyanator, and now he started talking and behaving similar to Arnold Schwarzenegger’s portrayal, and through completing the quest, the player can fight him once a day and attempt to befriend him. He’s an A Rank of the Tough Tribe, and likes Chocobars, like most cat Yo-Kai.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The Terminator is a formidable robotic assassin and soldier, designed by the military supercomputer Skynet for infiltration and combat duty, towards the ultimate goal of exterminating the Human Resistance. It can speak naturally, copy the voices of others, read human handwriting, and even genuinely sweat, smell, and bleed. However, it has no human emotions such as pity or fear unless learned through human contact and never stops until it fulfills its mission or is destroyed or shut down (although it appears to be able to sense moments of urgency or danger, as it is depicted as raising its voice or widening its eyes in shock on several said occasions). Later Terminators are outwardly indistinguishable from humans, but dogs become agitated and bark loudly in their presence; as a result, the human resistance uses the animals to detect Terminators. In the first film, Kyle Reese explains that the T-800 was designed to be an improvement over the earlier T-600 units, which could be easily detected because their skin was made of rubber and not organic tissue. Later models, such as the Guardian from "Terminator Genisys" or Carl from "Terminator: Dark Fate", showed a greater capacity for emotion and physical aging.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The most notable science fiction characteristics are that of an expert system featuring strong AI functionality combined with machine learning, and the system can interpret arbitrary non-formalized tasks. The other notable science fiction component is that of a power source which can last 120 years.


title: Terminator (character)

text: A trait persistent throughout the series is the faint red glow of the "eyes" when the cyborg is online (or blue in the case of the T-X), which dim to nothing when a Terminator shuts down. In all six movies, the lack of the glow has been used to show when one is out of action. The trait is so characteristic that light-up eyes are often found on Terminator merchandise, with some even replicating the dimming/reillumination effect that occurs during shut down or start up.


title: Terminator (character)

text: As seen in the movies, a Terminator can withstand standard normal 20th century firearms, crash through walls with little to no damage, and survive explosions to some degree. Repeated shotgun blasts have enough force to knock it down and temporarily disable it, while heavy amounts of automatic fire are able to compromise the organic disguise layer. In "Terminator Genisys", a large-caliber anti-materiel rifle proved sufficient to disable a T-800 in only one well-placed shot. In the second film, the Terminator says he can fully operate for 120 years on his power cell before it drains. In the finale to "Terminator 2", his power source is damaged, and he is able to find an alternate source, described on the DVD commentary as heat sinks, harnessing the thermal energy from the hot surroundings. During both films, Terminators demonstrate the ability to continue functioning even after losing one or more limbs (both legs and one hand blown off by Kyle Reese, one arm crushed and torn off by rotating gears). In the third film, the Terminator—an 850 series rather than the 800 series depicted in the first two films—operates on two hydrogen fuel cells and discards one of them early due to damage. It explodes shortly thereafter with enough force to produce a small mushroom cloud.


title: Terminator (character)

text: The endoskeleton is actuated by a powerful network of hydraulic servomechanisms, making Terminators superhumanly strong. For instance, in the third movie, Schwarzenegger's character was able to handle firing a Browning .30 machine gun from the hip with one hand, while holding a coffin containing an alive John Connor and a heavy cache of weapons, showing no signs of the extra weight being any real concern.


title: Terminator (character)

text: Late in the first film, the Terminator is stripped of its organic elements when the tanker truck it is driving is blown up. What remains is the machine itself, in James Cameron's own words "a chrome skeleton, like death rendered in steel." In the later "Terminator" films, armies of endoskeleton-only Terminators are seen. They are visually identical to the one in the first film, and feature prominently in the "future war" sequences of those films.