title: Pope Julius II

text: Despite producing an illegitimate daughter (and having at least one mistress), it was suggested that Julius may have had homosexual lovers – although it is not possible to establish this claim. His confrontational style inevitably created enemies and sodomy was the "common currency of insult and innuendo". Such accusations were made to discredit him, but perhaps in so doing his accusers were exploiting a generally "perceived weakness". The Venetians, who were implacably opposed to the pope's new military policy, were among the most vociferous opponents; notable among them was the diarist Girolamo Priuli. Erasmus also impropriated sexual misconduct in his 1514 dialogues ""Julius Excluded from Heaven""; a theme picked up in the denunciation made at the conciliabulum of Pisa. Criticism was furthermore made of the sinister influence exerted by his advisor, Francesco Alidosi, whom Julius had made a cardinal in 1505. However, it is likely that the closeness was down to the fact that he simply knew how to handle him well. This sexual reputation survived Julius, and the accusation continued to be made without reservation by Protestant opponents in their polemics against "papism" and Catholic decadence. The French writer Philippe de Mornay (1549–1623) accused all Italians of being sodomites, but added specifically: "This horror is ascribed to good Julius."


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: The 2022 Finalissima (; ) was the third edition of the CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions, an intercontinental football match between the winners of the previous South American and European championships. The match featured Italy, winners of UEFA Euro 2020 (held in 2021), and Argentina, winners of the 2021 Copa América. It was played at Wembley Stadium in London, England, on 1 June 2022. The match, a revival of the Artemio Franchi Cup last played 29 years prior, was organised by UEFA and CONMEBOL as part of a renewed partnership between the two confederations.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: In 1985 and 1993, the winners of the prior UEFA European Championship and Copa América tournaments played in the Artemio Franchi Cup (also known as the European/South American Nations Cup), a one-off match organised by UEFA and CONMEBOL. It was the national team equivalent to the former Intercontinental Cup on the club level, which was played between the winners of the European Cup/UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores. France won the 1985 Artemio Franchi Cup in Paris, while Argentina won the 1993 match in Mar del Plata. However, the competition was discontinued thereafter. The Artemio Franchi Cup can be considered a precursor of the King Fahd Cup/FIFA Confederations Cup, played in 1992 for the first time and organised by FIFA from 1997, which featured the title holders of all the continental championships and FIFA World Cup. After the 2017 edition, FIFA announced on 15 March 2019 that the tournament would be abolished.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: On 12 February 2020, UEFA and CONMEBOL signed a renewed memorandum of understanding meant to enhance cooperation between the two organisations. As part of the agreement, a joint UEFA–CONMEBOL committee examined the possibility of staging European–South American intercontinental matches, for both men's and women's football and across various age groups. On 28 September 2021, UEFA and CONMEBOL confirmed that the UEFA European Championship and Copa América winners would face each other in an intercontinental match, with the agreement initially covering three editions starting in 2022. The first edition was confirmed to take place during the June 2022 international window at a venue to be confirmed. On 15 December 2021, UEFA and CONMEBOL again signed a renewed memorandum of understanding lasting until 2028, which included specific provisions on opening a joint office in London and the potential organisation of various football events. The match was confirmed to take place in London on 1 June 2022, with the venue yet to be decided. On 22 March 2022, UEFA announced the match would take place at Wembley Stadium. At the same time, the brand identity was revealed, and UEFA announced that the "CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions" was the new name for the Artemio Franchi Cup.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: Italy qualified for the match by virtue of winning UEFA Euro 2020 (held in 2021), having defeated England on penalties in the final, also held at Wembley, for their second UEFA European Championship title. Argentina qualified by winning the 2021 Copa América, defeating Brazil 1–0 in the final for a record-equalling 15th Copa América title, their first trophy in 28 years.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: The match was held at Wembley Stadium in London, England. Wembley Stadium opened in 2007 on the site of the original stadium, the demolition of which took place between 2002 and 2003. Owned by the Football Association (FA), it serves as England's national football stadium. The stadium was a host venue of UEFA Euro 2020, including the final, won by Italy on penalties over England. The original stadium, formerly known as the Empire Stadium, opened in 1923 and hosted matches at the 1966 FIFA World Cup, including the final, which saw hosts England beat West Germany 4–2 after extra time, and at UEFA Euro 1996, including the final, in which Germany defeated the Czech Republic. Wembley also hosts the annual FA Cup Final, doing so since the White Horse Final of 1923 (excluding 2001 to 2006, when the stadium was being rebuilt).


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: Both national teams had to submit a squad of 23 players – of which three had to be goalkeepers – by 29 May 2022, three days prior to the match.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: Italy announced a 39-man preliminary squad on 23 May 2022. The squad was extended to 45 players on 27 May, with eight players added while Domenico Berardi and Andrea Pinamonti withdrew injured. The final squad was announced on 30 May.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: Argentina announced a 35-man preliminary squad on 13 May 2022. The squad was reduced to 29 players on 20 May. The final squad was announced on 1 June.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: UEFA revealed the brand identity for the match on 22 March 2022. The match was known as the "Finalissima", Italian for "grand final". The logo was based on the laurel wreath, a symbol of victory. It features ribbons in the colours of the competing nations, the green, white and red of Italy on the left, and the white and light blue of Argentina. In addition, several ribbons are in platinum and gold, intended to highlight the significance of the match. According to UEFA, the ribbons are "symbolic of the strong bonds between CONMEBOL and UEFA, and of their commitment to the development of football beyond their geographical zones".


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: The stadium capacity was 86,000 for the match, with tickets sold to fans and the general public on a first-come, first-served basis via "UEFA.com". Available from 24 March 2022, the tickets were available in four price categories: £25, £40, £55 and £99.


title: 2022 Finalissima

text: On 30 May 2022, 37-year-old Chilean referee Piero Maza was announced as the referee for the match, made as a joint appointment by CONMEBOL and UEFA. Maza had been a FIFA referee since 2018, though the match was his first senior international fixture as a referee. However, Maza did previously serve as a fourth official and VAR assistant at the 2019 Copa América, as well as a VAR at the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He was joined by his fellow countrymen Christian Schiemann and Claudio Ríos as assistant referees. Spanish referee Jesús Gil Manzano served as the fourth official, with his compatriots Alejandro Hernández Hernández and Juan Martínez Munuera serving as the VAR and one of the VAR assistants, respectively. Tiago Martins of Portugal was the other VAR assistant.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Oh My Kadavule () is a 2020 Indian Tamil-language romantic fantasy film, written and directed by Ashwath Marimuthu on his directorial debut. The film stars Ashok Selvan, Ritika Singh and Vani Bhojan, while Sha Ra and M. S. Bhaskar play supporting roles. Vijay Sethupathi and Ramesh Thilak make extended cameo appearances. The film had its theatrical release on Valentine's Day, 2020. "Oh My Kadavule" was selected for official screening at International Indian Film Festival in Toronto, held in August 2020. It was remade in Kannada as "Lucky Man" (2022) and in Telugu as "Ori Devuda" (2022).


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Anu (Ritika Singh), Arjun (Ashok Selvan) and Mani (Sha Ra) are best friends since childhood. During a party to celebrate Arjun clearing his Engineering arrear exams, Anu tells the other two of her father Paulraj (M. S. Bhaskar) looking for a groom for her. She suddenly asks Arjun if he'd like to marry her, to which he agrees. One year later, Anu and Arjun are seen sitting in family court for final hearing to obtain divorce. A man (Ramesh Thilak) sits behind Arjun and predicts that he won't get his divorce on that day as his wife will faint and be rushed to hospital, then he provides him a visiting card and disappears. To Arjun's shock, all the events predicted by this strange man turn out true and the case is postponed to evening. Arjun rushes to the address mentioned on the visiting card. There, he encounters the man, who introduces himself as God (Vijay Sethupathi). Arjun explains his problems to God.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Arjun, after marriage, continues to treat Anu as a friend and things are smooth until he starts working in Paulraj's toilet manufacturing factory as a quality control checker. Arjun hates this job, but gets used to it. But he is unable to see Anu as anything more than a friend and is totally bored by the monotony of his life. One day, he meets Meera (Vani Bhojan), his school senior and childhood crush, who now works as an assistant film director. They strike up a friendship, with Meera encouraging Arjun to explore his passion for acting and requesting him to audition for Gautham Vasudev Menon's upcoming film. The audition goes very well, with Arjun impressing the director with his performance. Later at a pub, Meera tells Arjun about her failed film-making attempts and a past break-up. Arjun consoles Meera and hugs her, but this is noticed by Anu, who is already sad at Arjun not reciprocating her feelings and assumes they are having an extramarital affair. Anu and Arjun have a nasty quarrel, which ends with Arjun asking for divorce.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Back in the present, Arjun blames God for his current situation. So God gives Arjun a second chance to rectify the mistake with a golden ticket with three conditions - The ticket should stay with Arjun always, he should tell nobody about this ticket, and if at all he tells anyone about the ticket, he will die. Accepting the conditions, Arjun grabs the ticket and time travels to the night where he accepted Anu's marriage proposal.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: This time, Arjun rejects Anu's proposal. Therefore, Anu decides to marry Matthew (Abhishek Vinod), the groom chosen by her father. Meanwhile, Arjun decides to pursue Meera, feeling that she is the right person for him. They strike a friendship, with Arjun removing all barriers which caused Meera's film-making attempts to fail in the original timeline. Arjun also decides to pursue acting as a career and Anu manages to convince his parents on the same. Meera soon starts to reciprocate Arjun's interest for her. Arjun also gets a chance to perform in audition for a film to be directed by Gautham Menon, and is selected for final audition to be held a month later. He goes to tell Paulraj about this news and gets into a deep conversation with him. Paulraj tells Arjun that he hails from a very backward village in Tirunelveli and his mother had died 50 years ago by snake bite, due to lack of toilets. He then left village as a teenager, with the mission of eradicating open defecation in his area. That led to him creating his latrine company and achieving his goal of bringing toilets to his native village. This revelation makes Arjun realise his mistake of ridiculing their business.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Anu learns that Arjun likes Meera and there is fair chance that Meera might reciprocate his love too. So Anu offers to help Arjun to propose Meera, asking him to make a video for Meera's upcoming birthday with wishes from Meera's family/friends and propose her at the end of the video. As a result, they go on a bike ride to Kerala, which is Meera's home state. By this time, through various instances, Arjun had started to realise how sweet and loving Anu is, and how supportive Anu's father was. During the trip, Arjun realises that he really loves Anu and that his interest towards Meera is just an infatuation. While on the Kerala trip, Arjun and Anu come across Meera's ex-boyfriend Krishna (Santhosh Prathap), who broke up with Meera to focus on his boxing career, however, he has also not gotten over her. Arjun decides to reunite Meera and Krishna instead and modifies the video accordingly. Meera reconciles with Krishna on her birthday after watching the video.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Arjun attends Anu's wedding with Matthew with a heavy heart. Unable to express his feelings for Anu, Arjun walks out of the church with Mani. At this juncture, they see Anu running out of the church without getting married. They meet her in their usual hangout pub, where she reveals her love for Arjun and also adds that she knew his feelings for her, hence she cancelled the wedding at the last minute. But Arjun again refuses to marry her as he does not want to hurt her again. When confronted by Anu and Mani, he blurts out about the second chance and the golden ticket. Immediately the ticket flies away from Arjun and in a bid to catch it, he gets hit by a lorry, killing him.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: Arjun finds himself with God once again and pleads for one final chance; this time God states that no more final chances will be given to him and sends him away, asking him to take care of his own problems. Then Arjun realises that he is back in reality; on the day his divorce hearing is taking place. He rushes back to the court, where Anu is ready to give consent to the divorce. This time, Arjun refuses divorce and confesses his love to Anu. Anu accepts Arjun's love and reunites with him. It is revealed that God has given Arjun yet another chance and blesses him to go and live happily with Anu.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The project was announced by newcomer Ashwath Marimuthu as his debut directorial venture. Vani Bhojan made her feature film acting debut through this project while Vijay Sethupathi was signed to play a cameo role. The first look poster was unveiled in September 2019 and the official teaser was unveiled in October 2019. In February 2020, Gautham Vasudev Menon was announced to be portraying a cameo role as himself. During the same month, the Telugu remake rights were claimed by PVP Cinema.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The musical score and soundtrack were composed by "Leon James", with the lyircs for the songs being written by "Ko Sesha". The audio rights of the film, were secured by Sony Music India. The first single track from the film "Friendship Anthem" was released on 8 November 2019, at a private college event held in Chennai. The lyric video of the song features 1,000 photos of common people with their gang, accommodated in the song. In an interview, with Times of India, director Ashwath Marimuthu stated that, "The song features Ashok Selvan, Ritika Singh and Sha Ra, who have been friends for 16 years. But we have all those elements and memories that anybody can relate to. It has been a while since we had a song on friendship in Kollywood. We want this song to become the next Mustafa. I (Ashwath) hope the listeners enjoy it as much as we did."


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The second single "Haiyo Haiyo" sung by Leon James, was released on 22 November 2019. Behindwoods rated the song 5.6 out of 10, stating "A good example of the pop genre, which is quite impressive", and was ranked in the 14th position in Best of Tamil Music, for the month of December 2019. The third single "Kadhaippoma" was released on 3 January 2020. Sung by Sid Sriram, the song received positive response from music listeners. With receiving a ranking in 10th position, on the Best of Tamil Music review from Behindwoods, with a rating of 6.3 out of 10, it stated "Sid Sriram delivers this sweet melody like a walk in the clouds. The flute and violin bits are very wonderfully interjected and maybe this song did deserve a higher position in the rankings." The fourth single "Ennada Life Idhu" sung by Santhosh Narayanan, was released on 29 January 2020.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The remaining two songs, were released along with the complete soundtrack album on 7 February 2020. The soundtrack received positive reviews from critics and music listeners. Sruthi Raman from The Times of India, gave a positive review for the album, in which "Kadhaipoma" as a perfect meet-cute song, in which Sid Sriram injects his characteristic charm in the song, which brims with beautiful acoustics. Reviewing for "Friendship Anthem", Raman stated "the song paints a nice picture of a long-standing friendship. The crisp song is rendered by Anirudh with peppy notes. Also tracing the friendship along with Anirudh in the song are Leon and MM Manasi." For "Ennada Life Idhu", Raman stated the song as a bright number by Santhosh Narayanan and Leon, ruing the complexities of life. Raman also stated "Kadhal Kozhappudhey begins with sharp tunes of jazz and goes on to shine in Sanjeev T's voice, which stands out with its conversational lyrics." She also reviewed about Haiyo Haiyo song in which Leon's voice sounds crisper in its remastered version.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The original background score of the film was released on 26 February 2020. It features 30 original compositions from the film with two additional songs.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The film was scheduled to release on 14 February 2020, coinciding with Valentines Day, and received a "U/A" certificate from the Central Board of Film Certification after the director refused to cut a scene he felt was integral to the plot. The film's distribution rights were bought by Sakthi Film Factory. The film's Karnataka release rights were bought by Horizon Studios, and North India release rights were bought by Ganesh Films. Overseas rights of the film were bought by AP International. The Kerala rights of the film were acquired by E4 Entertainment, and was released in Kerala on 21 February 2020.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The first look posters of the film were released on 12 September 2019, and received positive responses from the audience. One of the famous WWE wrestler Kurt Angle's wife Giovanna Angle, shared the first look of this film. On 15 October 2019, another first look featuring Vani Bhojan was released. The official teaser of the film, was released by Vijay Sethupathi and Gautham Menon, who played cameo appearances in the film on 17 October 2019. The trailer of the film was unveiled on 31 January 2020.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The satellite and digital broadcasting rights of the film were bought by Zee Network. The film had its digital premiere on Zee5, on 24 April 2020.


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The film received highly positive reviews for its innovative plot and great performances. The Times of India gave a rating of 3.5 out of 5, stating "Despite some conventional turns, Oh My Kadavule is a refreshing romance." Behindwoods rated 3 out of 5 stating, "Oh My Kadavule is an engaging romance with good performances and a solid element of surprise." India Today gave 3 out of 5 stars and stated "Director Ashwath Marimuthu's debut film Oh My Kadavule is an endearing romantic comedy that gives treats its characters with utmost respect." Indian Express gave 3 out of 5 stars to the film stating "This Ashok Selvan and Ritika Singh film largely works because of the fantasy spin and the fun treatment to the subject matter—but the writing is problematic." Sify gave 3.5/5 to the film stating it as "A breezy feel-good romantic entertainer." Indiaglitz gave 3 out of 5 stars to the film stating "Go for this breezy rom-com with a fantasy twist that is quite fresh."


title: Oh My Kadavule

text: The film was remade in Telugu as "Ori Devuda" by Ashwath with Vishwak Sen, Mithila Palkar and Asha Bhat and featuring dialogues by Tharun Bhascker. The film was also remade in Kannada as "Lucky Man" with Darling Krishna and Puneeth Rajkumar.


title: Katy Perry discography

text: American singer Katy Perry has released six studio albums, seven extended plays (EP), 39 singles (including four as featured artist), and 11 promotional singles. She is referred as the "Queen of Pop" of her time. According to Recording Industry Association of America, Perry has sold 109.5 million digital singles and 17 million albums in the United States. She is also the sixth best-selling digital singles artist in the United States. Throughout her career, Perry has sold 48 million album units and 135 million singles worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. "Billboard" listed her as the fourth top female artist of the 2010s decade (eighth overall) and the 61st greatest artist of all time. Perry has scored nine number one songs on "Billboard" Hot 100 and three number one albums on "Billboard" 200.


title: Katy Perry discography

text: She currently holds the record for most 5-million-selling singles in the United States, with six of her singles selling over 5 million (in order of release date: "Hot n Cold", "California Gurls", "Firework", "E.T.", "Roar", and "Dark Horse"). Perry also holds the record for the most 6-million-selling songs, with three of her songs—"Firework", "Roar", and "Dark Horse"—selling over 6 million copies. All three have also received Diamond song certifications from the RIAA, making her the first artist to accomplish such a feat.


title: Katy Perry discography

text: At age 16, she released a self-titled gospel album in March 2001 under her real name Katy Hudson, which failed to chart in any music market. After Perry signed with Capitol Records in April 2007, she released her second album, "One of the Boys", in June 2008. Its singles "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold" both topped charts in Austria, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland, and have been certified quintuple platinum by the RIAA. The album peaked within the top ten in the United States, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Throughout 2009 and 2010, Perry was featured on two singles. The first was on Colorado-based band 3OH!3's song "Starstrukk", and the second was a collaboration with Timbaland on "If We Ever Meet Again", from his album "Shock Value II". Both singles reached the top ten in Australia and the United Kingdom while the latter topped the charts in New Zealand. Perry also performed for "MTV Unplugged" and a live album of the performance was released in November 2009.


title: Katy Perry discography

text: Perry's third studio album "Teenage Dream" was released in August 2010 and topped the charts in the United States, Australia, Austria, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. When its singles "California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T.", and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" topped the "Billboard" Hot 100, Perry became the first woman and only the second artist after Michael Jackson to attain five number-one singles in the United States from one album. The album was re-released in March 2012 as "". Its singles "Part of Me" and "Wide Awake" both reached number one in Canada and New Zealand. Her fourth studio album "Prism" was released in October 2013. "Prism" became an international success, reaching number one in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States. Its singles "Roar" and "Dark Horse" both topped the charts in the United States and Canada. In the United Kingdom, "Roar" also became her second song after "Firework" to sell over one million copies. She subsequently released an anthem for the 2016 Summer Olympics titled "Rise", which debuted at number one in Australia. Perry's fifth album "Witness" followed in June 2017. It topped the charts in the United States and Canada. That year, she was also featured on Calvin Harris's song "Feels" from his album "Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1" along with Big Sean and Pharrell Williams, which reached number one in the United Kingdom. In 2018, she released the Christmas single "Cozy Little Christmas". This was followed by the release of the collaborations "Con Calma (Remix)" (with Daddy Yankee and Snow) and "365" (with Zedd). She released the non-album singles "Never Really Over", "Small Talk" and "Harleys in Hawaii" in 2019. "Smile" followed as her sixth album in August 2020.


title: Bull Durham

text: Bull Durham is a 1988 American romantic comedy sports film. It is partly based upon the minor-league baseball experiences of writer/director Ron Shelton and depicts the players and fans of the Durham Bulls, a minor-league baseball team in Durham, North Carolina.


title: Bull Durham

text: The film stars Kevin Costner as "Crash" Davis, a veteran catcher from the AAA Richmond Braves, brought in to teach rookie pitcher Ebby Calvin "Nuke" LaLoosh (Tim Robbins) about the game in preparation for reaching the major leagues. Baseball groupie Annie Savoy (Susan Sarandon) romances Nuke but finds herself increasingly attracted to Crash. Also featured are Robert Wuhl and Trey Wilson, as well as popular baseball "clown" Max Patkin.


title: Bull Durham

text: "Bull Durham" was a commercial success, grossing over $50 million in North America, well above its estimated budget, and was a critical success as well. "Sports Illustrated" ranked it the #1 Greatest Sports Movie of all time. "The Moving Arts Film Journal" ranked it #3 on its list of the 25 Greatest Sports Movies of All-Time. In addition, the film is ranked #55 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies." It is also ranked #97 on the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Laughs" list, and #1 on Rotten Tomatoes' list of the 53 best-reviewed sports movies.


title: Bull Durham

text: Minor League baseball single-A team the Durham Bulls are dealing with another sparsely attended losing season, with one thing working for them; Ebby Calvin LaLoosh, a hotshot rookie pitcher known for having a "million dollar arm, but a five cent head," who has potential to become a major league talent. "Crash" Davis, a 12-year veteran in minor league baseball, is sent down as the team's catcher to educate LaLoosh and control his haphazard pitching. Crash immediately begins calling Ebby by the degrading nickname of "Meat", and they get off to a rocky start.


title: Bull Durham

text: Thrown into the mix is Annie, a "baseball groupie" and lifelong spiritual seeker who has latched onto the "Church of Baseball" and has, every year, chosen one player on the Bulls to be her lover and student. Annie flirts with both Crash and Ebby and invites them to her house, but Crash walks out, saying he's too much of a veteran to "try out" for anything. Before he leaves, Crash further sparks Annie's interest with a memorable speech listing the things he "believes in", ending with, "I believe in long, slow, deep, soft, wet kisses that last three days... Good night". Despite some animosity between them, Annie and Crash work, in their own ways, to shape Ebby into a big-league pitcher. Annie plays mild bondage games, reads poetry to him, and gets him to think in different ways (and gives him the nickname "Nuke").


title: Bull Durham

text: Crash forces Nuke to learn "not to think" by letting the catcher make the pitching calls (memorably at two points telling the batters what pitch is coming after Nuke shakes off his signs), and lectures him about the pressure of facing major league hitters who can hit his "heat" (fastballs). Crash also talks about the pleasure of life in major league, which he briefly lived for "the 21 greatest days of my life" and to which he has tried for years to return. Meanwhile, as Nuke matures, the relationship between Annie and Crash grows, until it becomes obvious that the two of them are a more appropriate match, except for the fact that Annie and Nuke are currently a couple.


title: Bull Durham

text: After a rough start, Nuke becomes a dominant pitcher by mid-season, adding to the Bulls' good fortunes and, in the end, he is called up to the major leagues. This incites jealous anger in Crash, who is frustrated by Nuke's failure to recognize all the talent he was blessed with. Nuke leaves, Annie ends their relationship, and Crash overcomes his jealousy to leave Nuke with some final words of advice. The Bulls, now having no use for Nuke's mentor, release Crash. Crash then presents himself at Annie's house and the two consummate their attraction with a weekend-long lovemaking session. Crash then leaves Annie's house to seek a further minor-league position.


title: Bull Durham

text: Crash joins another team, the Asheville Tourists, and breaks the minor-league record for career home runs. Nuke is seen one last time, being interviewed by the press as a major leaguer, reciting the clichéd answers that Crash had taught him earlier. Crash then retires as a player and returns to Durham, where Annie tells him she's ready to give up her annual affairs with "boys." Crash tells her that he is thinking about becoming a manager for a minor-league team in Visalia. The film ends with Annie and Crash dancing in Annie's candle-lit living room.


title: Bull Durham

text: The film's name is based on the nickname for Durham, North Carolina, since 1874, when W. T. Blackwell and Company named its product "Bull" Durham tobacco, which soon became a well-known trademark. In 1898, James B. Duke purchased the company and renamed it the American Tobacco Company. By this time, the nickname "Bull City" had already stuck.


title: Bull Durham

text: The film's writer and director, Ron Shelton, played minor league baseball for five years after graduating from Westmont College in Santa Barbara, California. Initially playing second base for the Baltimore Orioles' farm system, he moved from the Appalachian League to California and then Texas before finally playing AAA baseball for the Rochester Red Wings in the International League. Shelton quit when he realized he would never become a major league player. "I was 25. In baseball, you feel 60 if you're not in the big leagues. I didn't want to become a Crash Davis", he said.


title: Bull Durham

text: He returned to school and earned a Master of Fine Arts in sculpture at the University of Arizona before moving to Los Angeles to join the city's art scene. However, he felt more kinship in telling stories than in creating performance art. His break into filmmaking came with scriptwriting credits on the films "Under Fire" and "The Best of Times".


title: Bull Durham

text: According to Justin Turner, the bull in right field that was hit for a home run in the movie is actually in left field at Durham Bulls Athletic Park.


title: Bull Durham

text: According to Shelton, "I wrote a very early script about minor league baseball; the only thing it had in common with "Bull Durham" was that it was about a pitcher and a catcher." That script was titled "The Player To Be Named Later"; a single anecdote from that script made it into "Bull Durham". For "Bull Durham", Shelton "decided to see if a woman could tell the story" and "dictated that opening monologue on a little micro-recorder while I was driving around North Carolina." Crash was named after Lawrence "Crash" Davis but was modeled after Pike Bishop, the lead character William Holden played in "The Wild Bunch": a guy who "loved something more than it loved him." Annie Savoy's name was a combination of the nickname ("Annies") that baseball players gave their groupies and the name of a bar; she was a "High Priestess [who] could lead us into a man's world, and shine a light on it. And she would be very sensual, and sexual, yet she'd live by her own rigorous moral code. It seemed like a character we hadn't seen before." After Shelton returned to Los Angeles from his road trip, he wrote the script for "Bull Durham" in "about twelve weeks."


title: Bull Durham

text: Filming began on October 5, 1987, and wrapped on November 30, 1987, after 56 days of filming. When Shelton pitched "Bull Durham", he had a hard time convincing a studio to give him the opportunity to direct. Baseball movies were not considered a viable commercial prospect at the time and every studio passed except for Orion Pictures who gave him a $9 million budget (with many cast members accepting lower-than-usual salaries because of the material), an eight-week shooting schedule, and creative freedom. Shelton scouted locations throughout the southern United States before settling on Durham in North Carolina because of its old ballpark and its location, "among abandoned tobacco warehouses and on the edge of an abandoned downtown and in the middle of a residential neighborhood where people could walk". The Imperial Tobacco Warehouse, which is currently owned and has been renovated by Measurement Incorporated, was used as a filming location.


title: Bull Durham

text: Shelton cast Costner because of the actor's natural athleticism. Costner was a former high school baseball player and was able to hit two home runs while the cameras were rolling and, according to Shelton, insisted "on throwing runners out even when they (the cameras) weren't rolling". He cast Robbins over the strong objections of the studio, who wanted Anthony Michael Hall instead. Shelton had to threaten to quit before the studio backed off.


title: Bull Durham

text: Producer Thom Mount (who is part-owner of the real Durham Bulls) hired Pete Bock, a former semi-pro baseball player, as a consultant on the film. Bock recruited more than a dozen minor-league players, ran a tryout camp to recruit an additional 40 to 50 players from lesser ranks, hired several minor-league umpires, and conducted two-a-day workouts and practice games with Tim Robbins pitching and Kevin Costner catching. Bock made sure the actors looked and acted like ballplayers and that the real players acted convincingly in front of the cameras. He said, "The director would say, 'This is the shot we want. What we need is the left fielder throwing a one-hopper to the plate. Then we need a good collision at the plate.' I would select the players I know could do the job, and then we would go out and get it done."


title: Bull Durham

text: "Bull Durham" debuted on June 15, 1988, and grossed $5 million in 1,238 theaters on its opening weekend. It went on to gross a total of $50.8 million in North America, well above its estimated $9 million budget.


title: Bull Durham

text: The film was well-received critically. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97%, based on 71 reviews, with an average rating of 8.00/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Kevin Costner at his funniest and most charismatic in "Bull Durham", a film that's as wise about relationships as it is about minor league baseball." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 16 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Bull Durham

text: According to a "Los Angeles Times" poll of 100 film critics, "Bull Durham" was the second most acclaimed film of 1988, second to only to the documentary "The Thin Blue Line".


title: Bull Durham

text: In David Ansen's review for "Newsweek", he wrote that the film "works equally as a love story, a baseball fable and a comedy, while ignoring the clichés of each genre". Vincent Canby praised Shelton's direction in his review for "The New York Times": "He demonstrates the sort of expert comic timing and control that allow him to get in and out of situations so quickly that they're over before one has time to question them. Part of the fun in watching "Bull Durham" is in the awareness that a clearly seen vision is being realized. This is one first-rate debut".


title: Bull Durham

text: Roger Ebert praised Sarandon's performance in his review for the "Chicago Sun-Times": "I don't know who else they could have hired to play Annie Savoy, the Sarandon character who pledges her heart and her body to one player a season, but I doubt if the character would have worked without Sarandon's wonderful performance". In his review for "Sports Illustrated", Steve Wulf wrote, "It's a good movie and a damn good baseball movie". Hal Hinson, in his review for "The Washington Post", wrote, "The people associated with "Bull Durham" know the game ... and the firsthand experience shows in their easy command of the ballplayer's vernacular, in their feel for what goes through a batter's head when he digs in at the plate and in their knowledge of the secret ceremonies that take place on the mound". Richard Corliss, in his review for "Time", wrote, "Costner's surly sexiness finally pays off here; abrading against Sarandon's earth-mama geniality and Robbins' rube egocentricity, Costner strikes sparks".


title: Bull Durham

text: "Bull Durham" was named Best Screenplay of 1988 by New York Film Critics' Circle. The film became a minor hit when released, and is now considered one of the best sports movies of all time. In 2003, "Sports Illustrated" ranked "Bull Durham" as the "Greatest Sports Movie". In addition, the film is ranked number 55 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies." It is also ranked #97 on the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Laughs" list, and #1 on Rotten Tomatoes' Top Sports Movies list of the 53 best reviewed sports movies of all time. "Entertainment Weekly" ranked "Bull Durham" as the fifth best DVD of their Top 30 Sports Movies on DVD. The magazine also ranked the film as the fifth best sports film since 1983 in their "Sports 25: The Best Thrill-of-Victory, Agony-of-Defeat Films Since 1983" poll and #5 on their "50 Sexiest Movies Ever" poll. In June 2008, AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. "Bull Durham" was acknowledged as the fifth best film in the sports genre.


title: Bull Durham

text: In 2003, a 15th anniversary celebration of "Bull Durham" at the National Baseball Hall of Fame was canceled by Hall of Fame president Dale Petroskey. Petroskey, who was on the White House staff during the Reagan administration, told Robbins that the actor's public opposition to the US-led war in Iraq helped to "undermine the U.S. position, which could put our troops in even more danger." Costner, a self-described libertarian, defended Robbins and Sarandon, saying, "I think Tim and Susan's courage is the type of courage that makes our democracy work. Pulling back this invite is against the whole principle about what we fight for and profess to be about."


title: Bull Durham

text: For years, Ron Shelton has contemplated making a sequel and remarked, "I couldn't figure out in the few years right after it came out, what do you do? Nuke's in the big leagues, Crash is managing in Visalia. Is Annie going to go to Visalia? I've been to Visalia. That will test a relationship ... It was not a simple fable to continue with – not that we don't talk about continuing it, now that everyone's in their 60s".


title: Bull Durham

text: Actor Trey Wilson, who played Durham manager Joe Riggins, died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 40, seven months after this film's release.


title: Bull Durham

text: In 2000, the American Film Institute placed the film on its 100 Years...100 Laughs list, where it was ranked #97. And in 2008, AFI included "Bull Durham" on its Top 10 Sports Films list as the #5 sports film.


title: Bull Durham

text: "Bull Durham" was originally released on DVD on October 27, 1998, and included an audio commentary by writer/director Ron Shelton. A Special Edition DVD was released on April 2, 2002, and included the Shelton commentary track from the previous edition, a new commentary by Kevin Costner and Tim Robbins, a "Between The Lines: The Making Of Bull Durham" featurette, a "Sports Wrap" featurette, and a Costner profile. A "Collector's Edition" DVD celebrating the film's 20th anniversary was released on March 18, 2008, and features the two commentaries from the previous edition, a "Greatest Show on Dirt" featurette, a "Diamonds in the Rough" featurette that explores minor league baseball, "The Making of Bull Durham" featurette, and Costner profile from the previous edition.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Ramon Abbas (born 11 October 1982), commonly known as Hushpuppi, Hush, or Ray Hushpuppi is a Nigerian former Instagram influencer and convicted felon. He was sentenced in the United States to 11 years for conspiracy to launder money obtained from business email compromise frauds and other scams, including schemes that defrauded a US law firm of about $40 million, illegally transferred $14.7 million from a foreign financial institution, and targeted to steal $124 million from an English Premier League club.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Until his arrest by the Dubai Police in June 2020 and subsequent extradition to the United States, Abbas posted pictures and videos of his lavish spending on exotic cars, watches, designer clothes, bags from expensive brands like Gucci, Fendi, and Louis Vuitton and of himself boarding helicopters, with celebrities, footballers, and Nigerian politicians or while on charter jets. He claimed to be a real estate developer. He also holds a passport from St Kitts and Nevis, which was fraudulently obtained through a sham marriage to a St. Kitts and Nevis citizen.


title: Hushpuppi

text: On the night his apartment at the Palazzo Versace was raided in an operation code-named Fox Hunt 2, Abbas was arrested alongside eleven others in six simultaneous raids. Detectives seized more than 150 million dirham (about $40 million) in cash, 13 luxury cars worth Dh 25 million ($7M), 21 laptops, 47 smartphones, 15 memory storage devices, five external hard drives and 800,000 emails of potential victims alongside suitcases full of cash. The arrest was part of an FBI investigation that indicted him as being a "key player" in a transnational cybercrime network that provided "safe havens for stolen money around the world."


title: Hushpuppi

text: Many news platforms have reported that Abbas was once a second-hand clothes seller in Lagos. Abbas prided himself on his humble beginnings. Hushpuppi's close associate, Mompha once revealed that his dad is still a cab driver in Lagos.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Citing interviews with old neighbours of Abbas, TheCable.ng reported that Abbas had a reputation as a "Yahoo boy" a local name for a cybercriminal, was not supported by his mother, had not lifted any of his old friends from poverty, and had ignored multiple warnings regarding his lifestyle.


title: Hushpuppi

text: He is the subject of a 2017 song "Telli Person" by Nigerian singer Timaya featuring Olamide and Phyno, with whom he had a long-running feud. The song contained lyrics directed toward Abbas indirectly accusing him of being a swindler and lavishing his money on designer clothes instead of investing in profitable ventures and warning him that he would soon be caught by authorities. Many viewed the song as a prophetic warning that was fulfilled with his arrest.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Upon his arrival in the United States on 3 July 2020, he was accused of conspiring to launder 'hundreds of millions of dollars'.


title: Hushpuppi

text: The affidavit also accused Abbas and a co-conspirator of conspiring to launder funds intended to be stolen through fraudulent wire transfers from a 'foreign financial institution' in which fraudulent wire transfers, totalling approximately US$14.7 million, were sent to bank accounts around the world in February 2019. Though the affidavit did not name any bank, according to Forbes, the date of the attack and amount mentioned in the affidavit matched that of the attack on Malta's Bank of Valletta in February 2019. In February 2019, $14.7 million was transferred out of the bank through false international transactions to accounts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Czech Republic, and Hong Kong. The attack was of such seriousness in Malta that then Prime Minister Joseph Muscat was forced to address parliament. Multiple sources in Malta including Times of Malta and Malta Today also repeated Forbes's claims that Hushpuppi could have been behind the attack. According to the affidavit Abbas had provided a co-conspirator with two bank accounts in Europe anticipating the receipt of $5.6 million each of the fraudulently obtained funds. U.S. authorities also accused him of aiding North Korean hackers in money laundering.


title: Hushpuppi

text: According to the affidavit other communications between Abbas and one of his co-conspirators indicated that the two had conspired to "launder tens, and at times hundreds, of millions of dollars that were proceeds of other fraudulent schemes and computer intrusions, including a fraudulent scheme to steal £100 million ($124 million) from an English Premier League football club.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Abbas is also accused of committing fraud in Nigeria as he is also wanted by Nigeria's financial crime police, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission.


title: Hushpuppi

text: A request for his bail and the chance to stay with his girlfriend's uncle in Homewood, Illinois, was denied on the grounds that he presented a risk of non-appearance. At Abbas' detention hearing, his lawyer, Pissetzky told the court that his client posed no flight risk because of the damage it would do to his credibility online, adding, "He is loved and respected. He is a celebrity. He would not want to ruin his credibility and status rather than stay here and face these allegations." Prosecutors cited his "significant" financial assets, "deep ties to foreign countries" and a lack of ties to the United States. If convicted of conspiracy to engage in money laundering, Abbas would face a statutory maximum sentence of 15 years in federal prison, perhaps even 20 years, after which he will be deported to his home country Nigeria.


title: Hushpuppi

text: An article in Bloomberg Business week details his actions leading to his arrest, incarceration, and a trial on 27 July 2021, in Los Angeles. "Authorities say, Ramon Abbas, aka Hushpuppi, perfected a simple internet scam and laundered millions of dollars. His past says a lot about digital swagger and the kinds of stories that get told online."


title: Hushpuppi

text: On 28 July 2021, Hushpuppi pleaded guilty to money laundering and also snitched on a Deputy Commissioner of Police in Nigeria, Abba Kyari, as an accomplice in his $1.1 million scam deal. The following day, a US Court granted an FBI warrant to arrest Abba Kyari. The Police chief was further implicated after his conversation with Hushpuppi was released.


title: Hushpuppi

text: In a final appeal to Judge Otis Wright ahead of his scheduled sentencing on 19 September 2022, Hushpuppi wrote a personal letter to the court narrating his source of wealth, criminal adventure and regrets. He apologised to his family members for bringing them shame while commending the FBI for doing a thorough job while bringing him to justice.


title: Hushpuppi

text: On 19 September 2022, Judge Otis Wright delayed Hushpuppi's sentencing to 3 November 2022. The Judge had initially rejected the plea of the defendant's motion for a delay of judgement. On 8 November 2022, Hushpuppi was sentenced to over 11 years (135 months) in a federal prison.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Public opinion on social media offers opportunities to explore contestations between diverse viewpoints. A recent study demonstrates that many people on Twitter trivialize the fraudulent actions of online fraudsters such as Hushpuppi. Specifically, Twitter responses (from Nigerians in Nigeria and abroad) innovatively merge the names of a former chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Mr. Ibrahim Magu accused of fraudulent and corrupt practices) and Hushpuppi as "Hush Ibrahim," "Hush Magu," and "Puppi Magu." Creating these phrases is essential linguistic maneuvering, enabling a sharp comparison of the similarities between Hushpuppi, a fraudster, popularly known as an offender, and a prominent authority representative, uncritically seen as a law-abiding citizen.


title: Hushpuppi

text: Therefore, the linguistic juxtapositions of "Hushpuppi" and "Mr. Ibrahim Magu" by Twitter users serve as exonerative social media devices more broadly and have real-life consequences. By implication, if what was once morally condemnable becomes a source of valuation, it becomes a source of valuation in its consequences in society. The manifestation of linguistic maneuvering, "advantageous comparison" as a preferred technique of choice by Twitter users, exposes their total trivialization of online fraudsters' economic actions, e.g., Huspuppi. The study argues that this type of linguistic manipulation voiced as public opinion on Twitter denies the sufferings of victims of online fraud. The study concludes that the process by which some actions are interpreted as a crime compared to others is a moral enterprise. Related to the above, another study on public opinion on Twitter revealed significant discrepancies between Nigeria's northern and southern regions regarding online fraudsters' arrests, convictions, and sentencing. Specifically, the study showed that the criminalization of people indigenous to southern Nigeria, such as Hushpuppi, differs substantially from that of Northerners, suggesting that more Southerners are more implicated in internet fraud than Northerners. The study concludes that colonial legacies contributed to the North-South divide regarding online fraud patterns in Nigeria.


title: Hushpuppi

text: A documentary about the life of Abbas till his arrest has been released by both Bloomberg and BBC Africa.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: The 1992 Cricket World Cup (officially the Benson & Hedges World Cup 1992) was the fifth staging of the Cricket World Cup, organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was held in Australia and New Zealand from 22 February to 25 March 1992, and finished with Pakistan beating England by 22 runs in the final to become the World Cup champions for the first time. The 1992 World Cup is remembered for the controversial "rain rule". South Africa tried to take advantage of this rule by slowing down their semi-final against England, but the tactic ultimately cost them the match.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: The 1992 World Cup was the first to feature coloured player clothing, white cricket balls and black sight screens, with a number of matches being played under floodlights. It was also the first Cricket World Cup to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, and the first to include South Africa, who had been allowed to re-join the International Cricket Council as a Test-playing nation after the end of apartheid. For the first time, the World Cup was not held after a four-year gap, but five.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: The format was changed from previous tournaments, with a complete round-robin replacing the former two qualifying groups. The initial draw was released with eight competing countries and 28 round-robin matches, plus two semi-finals and a final. In late 1991, South Africa were re-admitted to the International Cricket Council after 21 years of exclusion due to apartheid, and the draw was amended to include them, adding another eight matches to the round-robin.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: The rule for calculating the target score for the team batting second in rain-affected matches was also changed. The previous rule (the Average Run Rate method) simply multiplied the run rate of the team batting first by the number of overs available to the team batting second, but this rule had been deemed to give an unfair advantage to the team batting second.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: In an attempt to rectify this, the target score would now be calculated by the Most Productive Overs method. In this system, if the team batting second had 44 overs available, their target score would be one greater than the 44 highest scoring overs of the team batting first.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: While the reasoning behind the system seemed plausible, the timing of rain interruptions remained problematic: as the semi-final between England and South Africa demonstrated, where a difficult but eminently reachable 22 runs off 13 balls was reduced to 22 runs off 7 (the least productive over, a maiden, being deducted) and finally, a preposterous 21 off 1 ball (the next least productive over having given 1 run). It was seen that, if the interruption came during the second innings, the side batting second was at a significant disadvantage – one which was only overcome once, in fact, in England's group-stage victory over South Africa. The farcical end to the semi-final led to the creation of the Duckworth-Lewis method.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: For the first time, South Africa competed as the eighth full member of the ICC, and would play their first Test in 22 years in the West Indies a month after the World Cup. Zimbabwe appeared for the third time, having qualified by winning the 1990 ICC Trophy defeating the Netherlands in the final for the second time. Zimbabwe would gain full member status following the tournament and play their first Test match later in 1992. Teams who entered were:


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: Eleven umpires were selected to officiate at the World Cup: two from each of the host nations, Australia and New Zealand, and one from each of the other participating nations.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: West Indies' Steve Bucknor and England's David Shepherd were chosen as the umpires for the first semi-final, while New Zealand's Brian Aldridge and Australia's Steve Randell were chosen for the second. Bucknor and Aldridge were chosen for the final.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: Two match referees were also selected to supervise the semi-finals and final. Australia's Peter Burge supervised the first semi-final and the final, while New Zealand's Frank Cameron supervised the second semi-final.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: Co-hosts New Zealand proved the surprise package of the tournament, winning their first seven consecutive games to finish on top of the table after the round-robin. The other hosts, Australia, one of the pre-tournament favourites lost their first two matches. They recovered somewhat to win four of the remaining six, but narrowly missed out on the semi-finals. The West Indies also finished with a 4–4 record, but were just behind Australia on run-rate. South Africa made a triumphant return to international cricket with a win over Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground in their first match. They and England had solid campaigns and easily qualified for the semis, despite upset losses to Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe respectively. India had a disappointing tournament and never looked likely to progress beyond the round-robin. Sri Lanka were still establishing themselves at the highest level and beat only Zimbabwe (who did not yet have Test status) and South Africa.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: New Zealand were defeated only twice in the tournament, both times by Pakistan in consecutive matches, in their final group match and in the semi-final.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: In the first semi-final, Pakistan defeated tournament favourites New Zealand in a high-scoring match to win their first semi-final in four attempts and book a place in the World Cup Final for the first time. New Zealand batted first and scored 262. Their captain Martin Crowe was injured while scoring 91, and opted to let John Wright captain during Pakistan's innings rather than risk aggravating the injury, which was seen as a mistake in hindsight. When Inzamam-ul-Haq came in to bat, Pakistan still needed 123 from 15 overs. He smashed 60 runs in 37 balls in the chase to achieve the target with one over remaining and also won the Man of the Match award.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: In the second semi-final between South Africa and England, the match ended in controversial circumstances when, after a 10-minute rain delay, the most productive overs method revised South Africa's target from 22 runs from 13 balls to an impossible 22 runs from one ball. This rule was replaced for One Day International matches in Australia after the World Cup as a result of this incident, and it was eventually superseded by the Duckworth–Lewis method for the 1999 World Cup onwards. According to the late Bill Frindall, had the Duckworth–Lewis method been applied at that rain interruption, the revised target would have been four runs to tie or five to win from the final ball. The Duckworth-Lewis method would also have changed the target earlier in the day, due to earlier rain interruptions.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: In a thrilling final, Pakistan beat England by 22 runs at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Derek Pringle took two early wickets for England before Imran Khan and Javed Miandad added 139 for the third wicket to steady the Pakistan innings – although both were very slow to score early on, and Imran benefited from a dropped catch just as he was trying to increase the tempo, having up to that point scored only 9 in 16 overs. He went on to score 72. At the 25 over mark, Pakistan had only scored 70, but accelerated the score to 139 by the 31st over as Javed Miandad summoned a runner, and he and Imran Khan built a steady partnership. During his innings, Imran hit a huge six off Richard Illingworth that landed far back into the members section. Imran played a captain's innings, getting a score of 72 and Miandad 58 to steady the innings, expectedly followed by an onslaught from Inzamam (42) and Wasim Akram (33) enabling Pakistan to give England a fighting target of 250.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: England's start was shaky. Ian Botham was dismissed for a duck by Wasim Akram, followed by Alec Stewart, Hick and Gooch, which left England tumbling at 69/4. A solid partnership of 71 between Allan Lamb and Neil Fairbrother caused Imran to give an early second spell to his main pacer Wasim Akram in the 35th over. The decision wrote the fate of the match. Two deliveries from the left arm fast bowler dismissed Allan Lamb and Chris Lewis. Soon Fairbrother was caught by Moin Khan off Aaqib Javed to seal England's fate. Imran Khan had the final say, when he had Richard Illingworth caught by Ramiz Raja off his bowling to finish the final and crown Pakistan World Champions.


title: 1992 Cricket World Cup

text: A notable feature of this World Cup was the innovative tactics employed by New Zealand captain Martin Crowe, who opened his team's bowling with spin bowler Dipak Patel, rather than with a fast bowler, as is usual practice. Another innovation was the then-unorthodox ploy of opening the batting with "pinch hitters", such as New Zealand's Mark Greatbatch. These innovations reversed the immediate prior form of New Zealand who had lost 3–0 in their most recent series against England, with one commentator writing, ""Without a host of world-class performers, New Zealand got crafty instead"".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" is a song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for Motown Records in 1966. The first recording of the song to be released was produced by Whitfield for Gladys Knight & the Pips and released as a single in September 1967. It went to number one on the "Billboard" R&B Singles chart and number two on the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart and shortly became the biggest selling Motown single up to that time.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The Miracles were the first to record the song in 1966, but their version wasn't released until August 1968 when it was included on their album "Special Occasion".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The Marvin Gaye version was the second to be recorded, in the beginning of 1967, but the third to be released. It was placed on his 1968 album "In the Groove", a year and a half later, where it gained the attention of radio disc jockeys, and Motown founder Berry Gordy finally agreed to its release as a single in October 1968, when it went to the top of the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart for seven weeks from December 1968 to January 1969 and overtook the Gladys Knight & the Pips' version of being the biggest hit single on the Motown label (Tamla).


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The Gaye recording has since become an acclaimed soul classic. In 1998 the song was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for "historical, artistic and significant" value. In 2004, it was placed 80 on the "Rolling Stone" list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, then re-ranked at 81 in 2010. In 2021, it was ranked 119. And on the commemorative fortieth anniversary of the "Billboard" Hot 100 issue of "Billboard" magazine in June 2008, Marvin Gaye's "Grapevine" was ranked sixty-fifth.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: In addition to being released several times by Motown artists, the song has been recorded by a range of musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival, who made an eleven-minute interpretation for their 1970 album, "Cosmo's Factory".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The song is composed in E-flat minor. The lyrics tell the story in the first person of the singer's feelings of betrayal and disbelief when he hears of his girlfriend's infidelity only indirectly "through the 'grapevine'".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: By 1966, Barrett Strong, the singer on Motown Records' breakthrough hit, "Money (That's What I Want)", had the basics of a song he had started to write in Chicago, where the idea had come to him while walking down Michigan Avenue that people were always saying "I heard it through the grapevine". The phrase is associated with black slaves during the Civil War, who had their form of telegraph: the human grapevine. Producer Norman Whitfield worked with Strong on the song, adding lyrics to Strong's basic Ray Charles influenced gospel tune and the single chorus line of "I heard it through the grapevine". This was to be the first of a number of successful collaborations between Strong and Whitfield.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers, or at least Whitfield intended to record it with them; however, a track has not turned up – some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled. The Miracles' version was not released as a single due to Berry Gordy's veto during Motown's weekly quality control meetings. Gordy advised Whitfield and Strong to create a stronger single. The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 "Special Occasion" album, and a slightly different take, possibly from the same session but unreleased, appeared on the 1998 compilation album, "Motown Sings Motown Treasures".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Marvin Gaye's version is the second known recording. Whitfield recorded the song with Gaye over five sessions, the first on February 3, 1967, and the last on April 10, 1967. Recordings of this version took more than a month due to Whitfield overdubbing Gaye's vocals with that of the Andantes' background vocals, mixing in several tracks featuring the Funk Brothers on the rhythm track, and adding the string section from the Detroit Symphony Orchestra with an arrangement by Paul Riser.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The session featuring Gaye led to an argument between the producer and singer. Whitfield wanted Gaye to perform the song in a higher key than his normal range, a move that had worked on David Ruffin during the recording of the Temptations' hit, "Ain't Too Proud to Beg". The mixture of Gaye's raspy vocals and the Andantes' sweeter harmonies made Whitfield confident that he had a hit; however, despite approval from Motown's Quality Control Department, Gordy blocked the release.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Gladys Knight & the Pips recorded "Grapevine" on June 17, 1967, in Motown's Studio A, also with Norman Whitfield as producer. After hearing Aretha Franklin's version of "Respect", Whitfield rearranged "Grapevine" to include some of the funk elements of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. According to David Ritz, Whitfield set to record a song that would "out-funk" Aretha. After Whitfield presented the demo tapes, Gladys Knight, Bubba Knight, William Guest, and Edward Patten worked for several weeks on their vocal arrangement. To make the song suitable for Gladys, the first line of the second verse (""I know a man ain't supposed to cry/But these tears I can't hold inside"") was altered to (""Take a good look at these tears in my eyes/Baby, these tears I can't hold inside""). After much talk, Gordy reluctantly allowed the Pips' version to be a single on September 28, 1967, on Motown's Soul label.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: In 1968, Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers recorded a version for their debut album based on Knight's recent hit. But after hearing the Marvin Gaye version, they felt they had made the wrong choice. In 1969, Whitfield produced a version for the Temptations "psychedelic soul" album, "Cloud Nine", in which he "brought compelling percussion to the fore, and relegated the piano well into the wings". In 1971, the Undisputed Truth recorded the song in a Gaye-styled version as did Bettye LaVette on her 1982 Motown album, "Tell Me a Lie".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Since both the Miracles' and Marvin Gaye's renditions of the song were rejected by Gordy as a single, Gladys Knight & the Pips' version became the first to be released, on September 28 1967, on Motown's Soul label, with "It’s Time to Go Now" on the B-side. Motown put little support behind it and the Pips relied on connections with DJs across the United States to get the record played. The Pips' version of "Grapevine" reached number one on the "Billboard" R&B chart on November 25, 1967, and stayed there for six weeks, making it the group's second R&B number one after 1961's "Every Beat of My Heart". It reached number two on the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart the same month, with the Monkees' "Daydream Believer" holding top spot. It was Motown's best-selling single to that point, remaining in the top 10 of the Hot 100 for nearly two months. The song was later placed on the Gladys Knight & the Pips album "Everybody Needs Love".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: After this success Whitfield again wanted Gordy to release Gaye's "Grapevine" as a single, but Gordy did not want to release another version after the Pips had already made a hit out of it. In August 1968, Whitfield added "Grapevine" to Gaye's new album "In the Groove". On release "Grapevine" became a radio hit and, according to Gordy himself, "The DJs played it so much off the album that we had to release it as a single". So Gaye's version was released as a single on October 30, 1968. Gaye's "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" eventually outsold the Pips', and until The Jackson 5's "I'll Be There" 20 months later, was the biggest hit single of all time on the Motown label. It stayed at the top of the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart for seven weeks, from December 14, 1968, to January 25, 1969. Gaye's "Grapevine" also held number one on the R&B chart during the same seven weeks, and stayed at number one in the United Kingdom for three weeks starting on March 26, 1969. The label was pleased with the success, although Gaye, depressed because of issues such as the illness of singing partner Tammi Terrell (which would kill her less than a year later), was quoted as saying that his success "didn't seem real" and that he "didn't deserve it". "Cash Box" said of it that "tremendous percussion and a brilliant production job add even more luster to a terrific vocal."


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Due to the song's success, "In the Groove" was re-issued as "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" and peaked at number two on the R&B album chart and number sixty-three on the album chart, which was at the time Marvin's highest-charted solo studio effort to date. Because of the success of both versions, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" was the first and last number one on the "Billboard" R&B chart in 1968: the Pips version was the first week of January, the Gaye version the last week of December. Gladys Knight was not pleased that Gaye's version usurped her own, and claimed that Gaye's version was recorded over an instrumental track Whitfield had prepared for a Pips song, an allegation Gaye denied. In 1985, one year following Gaye's death, the song was re-released in the UK reaching number eight thanks to a Levi's commercial (starring Nick Kamen).


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The Gaye recording has become an acclaimed soul classic. In 2004, it was placed at number 80 on "Rolling Stone"'s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, with the comment that Whitfield had produced the song with a number of artists using different arrangements, and that on the Marvin Gaye recording he had a "golden idea" when he set the song "in a slower, more mysterious tempo". In a new "Rolling Stone" list published in 2011, the single was placed slightly lower at number 81.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: In 1998, the Marvin Gaye version of the song was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for "historical, artistic and significant" value. In June 2008, on the commemorative fiftieth anniversary of the "Billboard" Hot 100 issue of "Billboard" magazine, the Marvin Gaye version was ranked as the sixty-fifth biggest song on the chart. In 2018, the Gladys Knight & the Pips version was also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: In addition to being recorded several times by Motown artists, the song has been recorded by musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival, whose 11-minute version appeared on their 1970 album "Cosmo's Factory" The band has initially started to play the song live before rearranging it in the studio with a long jam-like instrumental part for their record. Unusually for such a long song, radio stations began to play the song, and eventually it released as a single against the band's wishes. The release reached 43 on "Billboard"'s chart, with more modest success in other countries.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: In addition, funk musician Roger Troutman whose extended version taken from his 1981 solo album, "The Many Facets of Roger", brought the song back to number one on the R&B chart in 1981, marking the third time the song reached the top spot on that chart. It also made the "Billboard" Hot 100, but was not a Pop success this time around, peaking at number 79. British punk band The Slits recorded the song in a post-punk style as a bonus track on their 1979 album "Cut". Queen Latifah used the music as a basis for her 1998 single "Paper", produced by Pras Michel for her album "Order in the Court".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" has been used twice in television commercials – each time using session musicians recreating the style of the Marvin Gaye version. For the 1985 Levi's 501 commercial "Launderette", featuring male model Nick Kamen, agency BBH and director Roger Lyons, owing to budgetary constraints, brought in Karl Jenkins and Mike Ratledge to recreate the sound of the Marvin Gaye original with Tony Jackson, a Barbadian background singer for Paul Young, handling vocals and P. P. Arnold on backing vocals. The commercial's success prompted Tamla-Motown to re-release Gaye's single with the Levi's 501 logo on the sleeve — "an example of integrated marketing almost before the term was invented". The record went to number eight on the UK Singles chart, marking its second chart performance. A year later, in 1986, Buddy Miles was the singer for the clay animation group The California Raisins which sang it as part of a TV advertising campaign.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Marvin Gaye's version of the song is used in the opening credits of "The Big Chill" (1983) as each of the main characters gets to hear (through the "grapevine") about the death of their college friend, and then travels to his funeral; the song serves in an extradiegetic fashion to both unite the main characters' friendship and to locate it nostalgically for the viewer.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: "Grapevine" is a song by Dutch disc jockey and producer Tiësto. It was released on 26 October 2018 in the Netherlands on Musical Freedom.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: One year after the release of "BOOM", Tiësto comes back to the brazilian bass genre with "Grapevine". In the track, Tiësto used a sample of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" by Marvin Gaye. The track was premiered during Tiësto's set at Ultra Music Festival 2018 in Miami.


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Fabien Dori from French webmedia "Guettapen" criticizes the "cruel lack of originality" of the track, affirming that "the drop seems strangely like the one from 'Boom', and this is not the generic vocal which will enhance the whole".


title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: The music video premiered on Tiësto's official YouTube Channel on January 12, 2020. The music video was directed and animated by Thomas Dutton.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Martin Patterson Hingle (July 19, 1924 – January 3, 2009) was an American character actor who appeared in stage productions and in hundreds of television shows and feature films. His first film was "On the Waterfront" in 1954. He often played tough authority figures. Hingle was a close friend of Clint Eastwood and appeared in the Eastwood films "Hang 'em High", "The Gauntlet", and "Sudden Impact". He also portrayed Jim Gordon in the "Batman" film franchise from 1989 to 1997.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle was born in Miami, Florida (some sources say Denver, Colorado), the son of Marvin Louise (née Patterson), a schoolteacher and musician, and Clarence Martin Hingle, a building contractor. He attended Weslaco High School, where he played tuba in the band. Hingle enlisted in the United States Navy in December 1941, dropping out of the University of Texas. He served on the destroyer USS "Marshall" during World War II. He returned to the University of Texas after the war and earned a degree in radio broadcasting in 1949. As a Navy Reservist, he was recalled to the service during the Korean War and served on the escort destroyer USS "Damato".


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle began acting in college, and after graduating, he moved to New York and studied at HB Studio and the American Theatre Wing. In 1952, he became a member of the Actors Studio. This led to his first Broadway show, "End as a Man".


title: Pat Hingle

text: On Broadway, Hingle originated the role of Gooper in the original Broadway production of Tennessee Williams's "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" (1955). He played the title role in Archibald MacLeish's award-winning Broadway play "J.B." (1958), receiving rave reviews.


title: Pat Hingle

text: In February 1959, while playing "J.B." on Broadway, Hingle was seriously injured in an accident. He was trapped in the elevator of his West End Avenue apartment building when it stalled between the second and third floors. The elevator stopped four feet above the landing, within reach, and Hingle tried to jump to the second floor. He missed and fell back down the elevator shaft, plunging 30 feet to the bottom. He fractured his skull, wrist, hip and most of the ribs on his left side. He broke his left leg in three places and lost the little finger on his left hand.


title: Pat Hingle

text: On the strength of his performance in "J.B.", Hingle had had been offered the title role of the 1960 film "Elmer Gantry", but he lost it to Burt Lancaster because of his injuries. His recovery took months, and at first he could not walk without a cane.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle appeared in the 1963 Actors Studio production of "Strange Interlude", directed by Jose Quintero, and "That Championship Season" (1972). He earned a Tony Award nomination for his performance in "Dark at the Top of the Stairs" (1957). In 1997, he played Benjamin Franklin in the Roundabout Theatre revival of the musical "1776", with Brent Spiner and Gregg Edelman.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle's first film role was an uncredited part as bartender Jock in "On the Waterfront" (1954). Later in his career, he was known for playing judges, police officers and other authority figures. He was a guest star on the early NBC legal drama "Justice", based on case histories of the Legal Aid Society of New York, which aired in the 1950s.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Another notable role was as the father of Warren Beatty's character in "Splendor in the Grass" (1961). Hingle was widely known for portraying the father of Sally Field's title character "Norma Rae" (1979). He also played manager Colonel Tom Parker in John Carpenter's TV movie "Elvis" (1979).


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle had a long list of television and film credits to his name dating to 1948. Among them were two episodes of "The Fugitive" (1964), "Carol for Another Christmas" (1964), "Nevada Smith" (1966), "" (1967), "The Invaders" (1967), "Hang 'Em High" (1968), "The Gauntlet" (1977), "Sudden Impact" (1983), "Road To Redemption" (2001), "When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?" (1979), "Brewster's Millions" (1985), Stephen King's "Maximum Overdrive" (1986), "The Grifters" (1990), "Citizen Cohn" (1992), "Cheers" (1993), "The Land Before Time" (1988), "Wings" (1996), and "Shaft" (2000). He played Dr. Chapman in seven episodes of the TV series "Gunsmoke" (1971), and Col. Tucker in the movie "Gunsmoke: To the Last Man" (1992). In 1963, Hingle guest-starred in an episode of "The Twilight Zone," "The Incredible World of Horace Ford", as the title character. He guest-starred in the TV series "Matlock", "In the Heat of the Night", and "Murder, She Wrote". In 1980, he appeared in the short-lived police series "Stone" with Dennis Weaver.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle played Commissioner Gordon in the 1989 film "Batman" and its three sequels. He is one of only two actors to appear in the four "Batman" films from 1989 to 1997; the other is Michael Gough.


title: Pat Hingle

text: In November 2007, he created the Pat Hingle Guest Artist Endowment to enable students to work with visiting professional actors at the University of North Carolina Wilmington.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle married Alyce Faye Dorsey on June 3, 1947. They had three children. The couple later divorced. In 1979 Hingle married Julia Wright. He and his second wife had two children.


title: Pat Hingle

text: Hingle died at his home in Carolina Beach, North Carolina, of myelodysplasia on January 3, 2009; he had been diagnosed with the disease in November 2008. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Atlantic Ocean.


title: J. G. Quintel

text: James Garland Quintel is an American animator, voice actor, director, writer, producer, and storyboard artist. He is best known as the creator of the Cartoon Network series "Regular Show" (2010–2017), in which he voiced Mordecai and High Five Ghost, and the HBO Max series "Close Enough" (2020–2022), in which he voices Josh.


title: J. G. Quintel

text: Quintel was formerly the creative director for "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack" (2008–2010), which aired on Cartoon Network, and a writer and storyboard artist on "Camp Lazlo" (2006–2008). In 2009, he was nominated for the Annie Award for Directing in a Television Production for directing an episode of "Flapjack". In 2011, he was nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-format Animated Program category for "Regular Show".


title: J. G. Quintel

text: James Garland Quintel was born in Hanford, California the son of Terri (née Morris) and James Allen Quintel. According to Quintel, Hanford's geography is "kind of flat" and there "was not a ton to do" when he was growing up, so he and his friends were always looking for ways to entertain themselves; he later incorporated these kinds of misadventures into "Regular Show". He was inspired by animators Matt Groening, Mike Judge, and Joe Murray, later working for the latter. Into his teenage years, he loved drawing and watching cartoons such as "The Simpsons", "Beavis and Butt-Head", "Rocko's Modern Life", and "The Ren & Stimpy Show", as well as British surreal comedy shows such as "The League of Gentlemen", "The Office", and "The Mighty Boosh", which would later inspire Quintel's work.


title: J. G. Quintel

text: Quintel often played the video game "ToeJam & Earl", the influence of which he later described as "the perfect platform" for "Regular Show" protagonists Mordecai and Rigby. He also became influenced by rock music from the 1980s and later added 1980s music into "Regular Show". He attended Hanford High School. In 1998, when he was 16, his father gave him a video camera which he used (along with Lego men and crude paper cutouts) to create a few minutes of stop motion film for several short film projects at Hanford High School. To expand his artistry, he took an AP literature class and a pottery class at Hanford High, as well as a summer class where he learned how to animate films and make flip books. He also worked at a movie theater and at "a lot of minimum wage jobs", just as Mordecai and Rigby work for minimum wage at a park in "Regular Show". In May 2000, he was nominated as a 12th grade California academic all-star from Hanford High.


title: J. G. Quintel

text: After high school, Quintel attended the California Institute of the Arts in Santa Clarita, California. At CalArts, Quintel and about 20 fellow students, including now-voice artist Sam Marin, developed their short films by throwing title names (such as "lollypop" or "candy") into a hat, drawing them out, and reading them aloud at midnight as a warm-up, where they would each then rush back to their desks in a marathon effort to make a film in 48 hours based on the one word drawn. In the spring of 2005, this CalArts process led Quintel to put together a short animated film about an ambassador who loses his cool during a benign encounter. Quintel titled his new film "The Naive Man from Lolliland". Moreover, as Quintel's first exposure to the animation industry, Quintel obtained a 2004 internship at Cartoon Network Studios to work on the TV series "". At CalArts, Quintel would also meet another student by the name of Pendleton Ward, with whom he would later work with on the Cartoon Network series "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack". Ward would later use his experience from "Flapjack" to go on to create the Emmy Award-winning Cartoon Network series "Adventure Time".


title: J. G. Quintel

text: During the fall of Quintel's fourth year at CalArts, "The Naive Man from Lolliland" won both the Producers Choice Award (an Apple G5 computer and a copy of Bauhaus Software's Mirage animation software) and the Student Animator Award (US$1,000 and a copy of Softimage XSI 3D computer graphics software) at the 2005 Nextoons Nicktoons Film Festival. In response to Quintel's success at the 2005 Nicktoons Film Festival, Fred Seibert, an entertainment entrepreneur and television and film producer, identified Quintel as "an original talent to watch out for in the future". Quintel's hometown local newspaper, the "Hanford Sentinel", noted Quintel's success at the 2005 Nicktoons Film Festival as being one of 2005's moments from a memorable year. In December 2005, Quintel graduated from the California Institute of the Arts with a BFA degree in character animation.


title: J. G. Quintel

text: After graduating Quintel passed a test and began working as a storyboard revisionist for Cartoon Network's "Camp Lazlo". In May 2006, Nicktoons Network announced that Quintel would be one of six judges at the 3rd Annual Nicktoons Network Animation Festival. In 2007, Quintel entered his short film, "2 in the AM PM", in the 30th annual Spike & Mike's Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation. In "2 in the AM PM", two slackers are left alone to run a convenience store/gas station on Halloween night, where candy filled with drugs creates a mini-nightmare. Quintel later used some of these "2 in the AM PM" characters in "Regular Show."


title: J. G. Quintel

text: In 2008, Quintel pitched "Regular Show" for the Cartoonstitute project at Cartoon Network by using a storyboard, with his reasoning that "I don't think me verbally pitching such an odd concept would have made any sense to anyone." In 2009, Cartoon Network ordered more episodes of "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack" as well as greenlit Quintel's project, "Regular Show". The agreement upon the premise of "Regular Show" was that the series would be about two park groundskeepers, Mordecai (a 6-foot blue jay) and Rigby (a hyperactive raccoon), who try to entertain themselves at their jobs while doing anything they can to avoid work and escape their everyday boredom. Along with his success at getting approval to develop "Regular Show," in December 2009, Quintel and director John Infantino were nominated for an ASIFA-Hollywood Annie Award in the category of "Directing in a Television Production" for their directing work on the "" episode in Season 2 of "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack". However, American animation director and fellow CalArts graduate Bret Haaland subsequently took the director Annie Award in February 2010 for Haaland's work on "The Penguins of Madagascar – Launchtime". Nine months after Quintel was nominated for an Annie Award, "Regular Show" debuted at 8:15 P.M. EST on September 6, 2010. In September 2011, while the first season of "Regular Show" was being aired, Quintel was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Short-format Animated Program category as executive producer and creator of "Regular Show". However, his "Regular Show" series was beat out for the award by the ABC animated special, "".


title: J. G. Quintel

text: By March 2012, Quintel was directing a crew of about 35 to develop each episode of "Regular Show", which takes about nine months to go from idea to final product. Quintel has most recently worked for Cartoon Network Studios in Burbank, California developing episodes for "Regular Show" and provided his real voice to the 23-year-old blue jay "Regular Show" character Mordecai. In commenting on his voice acting, Quintel noted how he has an easy-going nature and never yells in real life, so he had to learn how to yell as the Mordecai character.


title: J. G. Quintel

text: Following "Regular Show" conclusion in January 2017, Quintel announced the creation of "Close Enough", an adult animated series about a young couple and their daughter in Los Angeles. The series was initially expected to premiere later in 2017 as part of a planned adult animation block on TBS. However, the cornerstone of that block was a Louis C.K.-helmed series called "The Cops", and when Louis was accused of sexual assault earlier that summer TBS re-tooled their entire schedule, shunting "Close Enough" into development hell despite having its entire first season produced. It was later resurrected when TBS' parent company WarnerMedia Entertainment announced the launch of a streaming service, HBO Max, that would feature original exclusive content.


title: Baguette

text: A baguette (; ) is a long, thin type of bread of French origin that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by French law). It is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust.


title: Baguette

text: A baguette has a diameter of about and a usual length of about , although a baguette can be up to long.


title: Baguette

text: In November 2018, documentation surrounding the "craftsmanship and culture" on making this bread was added to the French Ministry of Culture's National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In 2022, the artisanal know-how and culture of baguette bread was inscribed to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.


title: Baguette

text: Much of the history of the baguette is speculation; however, some facts can be established. Long, stick-like breads in France became more popular during the 18th century, French bakers started using ""gruau"", a highly refined Hungarian high-milled flour in the early 19th century, Viennese steam oven baking was introduced to Paris in 1839 by August Zang, and the Austrian 's compact yeast in 1867 at the Universal Exposition. Finally, the word "baguette" appears, to define a particular type of bread, in a regulation of the department of the Seine in August 1920: "The baguette, having a minimum weight of and a maximum length of , may not be sold for a price higher than 0.35 francs apiece". No one of these events constitutes "the invention of the baguette", but together they define the modern "baguette".


title: Baguette

text: In summary, "the bread which became known as the baguette first appeared in its most primitive form in the eighteenth century, then experienced a number of refinements and variations before being (officially) given that name in 1920."


title: Baguette

text: The word "baguette" simply means "wand", "baton" or "stick", as in "baguette magique" (magic wand), "baguettes chinoises" (chopsticks), or "baguette de direction" (conductor's baton). It is first recorded as a kind of bread in 1920.


title: Baguette

text: Outside France, the baguette is often considered a symbol of French culture, but the association of France with long loaves long predates it. Long, wide, loaves had been made since the time of King Louis XIV, long thin ones since the mid-18th century, and by the 19th century, some were far longer than today's baguette: "... loaves of bread long that look like crowbars!" "Housemaids were hurrying homewards with their purchases for various Gallic breakfasts, and the long sticks of bread, a yard or two [ to ] in length, carried under their arms, made an odd impression upon me."


title: Baguette

text: A less direct link can be made with deck or steam ovens. These combine of a gas-fired traditional oven and a brick oven, a thick "deck" of stone or firebrick heated by natural gas instead of wood. The first steam oven was brought to Paris in the early 19th century by August Zang, who also introduced Vienna bread ("pain viennois") and the croissant, and whom some French sources thus credit with originating the baguette.


title: Baguette

text: Deck ovens heated to over use steam injection to allow the crust to expand before setting, thus creating a lighter, airier loaf, and to melt the dextrose on the bread's surface, giving a slightly glazed effect.


title: Baguette

text: In April 1944, a competition called began in France to determine who made the best baguettes. Nearly 200 bakers compete each year in front of a 14-judge panel following strict guidelines. They are judged based on baking, appearance, smell, taste, and crumb. The winner receives €4000 and supplies France's president their daily bread for the duration of that year, until a new winner is chosen.


title: Baguette

text: Following the World Wars, French bakers began baking a whiter, softer baguette that contrasted with the darker loaves produced because of rationing during the wars. These doughs took less time to ferment and used more additives, but had significantly less taste. They also began using pre-made dough and molds. The average consumption of bread fell from 600 grams/day in the early 1900s to 170 grams/day in 1986.


title: Baguette

text: In 1993, the French Parliament passed "Le Décret Pain" (The Bread Decree). "Le Décret Pain" states that breads under the name of "pain maison" (homemade bread) must be "fully kneaded, shaped, and baked at their place of sale." This decree also placed strict guidelines on what "pain traditionnel français" (traditional French bread) is allowed to be made of, banning pre-made dough from being used for traditional French baguettes.


title: Baguette

text: Because the history of the French baguette is not completely known, several myths have spread about the origins of this type of bread.


title: Baguette

text: Some say Napoleon Bonaparte in essence created the French baguette in order to allow soldiers to more easily be able to carry bread with them. Since the round shape of other breads took up a lot of space, Bonaparte requested they be made into the skinny stick shape with specific measurements to be able to slide into the soldiers' uniform.


title: Baguette

text: Other stories credit baguettes as being an invention to stop French metro workers from having to carry knives that they used to cut their bread. The workers often fought, so the management did not want them to be carrying knives and requested for bread to be easily ripped apart, ending the need for knives. The skinny, easily rippable shape of a baguette would have been the response to this.


title: Baguette

text: Some believe baguettes were the "Bread of Equality" following a decree post-French Revolution requiring a type of bread to be made accessible to both the rich and poor.


title: Baguette

text: Another account states that in October 1920 a law prevented bakers from working before 4 am, making it impossible to make traditional round loaves in time for customers' breakfasts. Switching from the round loaf to the previously less-common, slender shape of the baguette solved the problem, because it could be prepared and baked much more quickly. The law in question appears to be one from March 1919, though some say it took effect in October 1920:It is forbidden to employ workers at bread and pastry making between ten in the evening and four in the morning.


title: Baguette

text: The "baguette de tradition française" is made from wheat flour, water, yeast, and common salt. It may contain up to 2% broad bean flour, up to 0.5% soya flour, and up to 0.3% wheat malt flour.


title: Baguette

text: Standard baguettes, "baguettes ordinaires", are made with baker's yeast, artisan-style loaves are usually made with a pre-ferment ("poolish") to increase flavor complexity and other characteristics, and may include whole-wheat flour, or other grains such as rye.


title: Baguette

text: Baguettes are closely connected to France, though they are made around the world. In France, not all long loaves are baguettes; for example, a short, almost rugby ball-shaped loaf is a "bâtard" (literally, bastard), or a "torpedo loaf" in English; its origin is variously explained, but undocumented. Another tubular shaped loaf is known as a "flûte", also known in the United States as a "parisienne". Flûtes closely resemble baguettes but are about twice the size.


title: Baguette

text: A thinner loaf is called a "ficelle" (string). A short baguette is sometimes known as a "baton" (stick), or in the UK referred to using the English translation "French stick". None of these are officially defined, either legally or, for instance, in major dictionaries, any more than the baguette. French breads are also made in forms such as a "miche", which is a large pan loaf, and a "boule", literally ball in French, a large round loaf. Sandwich-sized loaves are sometimes known as "demi-baguettes" or "tiers". Italian baguettes, or "baguette italienne", involves more spices and a denser texture, giving the baguette a slightly different, more Italian, taste. "Un pain viennois" is much sweeter and softer than the standard baguette.


title: Baguette

text: In France, a baguette typically weighs around , a bâtard and a ficelle ; no legal text actually establishes any of these weights, which can vary throughout the country. Baguettes, either relatively short single-serving size or cut from a longer loaf, are very often used for sandwiches, usually of the submarine sandwich type, but also a panini. They are often sliced and served with pâté or cheese. As part of the traditional continental breakfast in France, slices of baguette, known as "tartines", are spread with butter and jam and dunked in bowls of coffee or hot chocolate.


title: Baguette

text: Baguettes are generally made as partially free-form loaves, with the loaf formed with a series of folding and rolling motions, raised in cloth-lined baskets or in rows on a flour-impregnated towel, called a couche, and baked either directly on the hearth of a deck oven or in special perforated pans designed to hold the shape of the baguette while allowing heat through the perforations. American-style "French bread" is generally much fatter and is not baked in deck ovens, but in convection ovens.


title: Baguette

text: As of the 2000s, there is increasing customer demand in France for only partially baked baguettes. In 2004, the bakery chain Marie Blachère introduced the option to select three varieties of baguettes distinguished by baking time: "bien cuite" (well done), "dorée" (golden) and "blanche" (white).


title: Baguette

text: Outside France, baguettes are also made with other doughs. For example, the Vietnamese "bánh mì" uses a high proportion of rice flour, while many North American bakeries make whole wheat, multigrain, and sourdough baguettes alongside French-style loaves. In Cambodia, it is found in the form of hot sandwich filled called num pang. In addition, even classical French-style recipes vary from place to place, with some recipes adding small amounts of milk, butter, sugar, or malt extract, depending on the desired flavor and properties in the final loaf.


title: The National Anthem (Black Mirror)

text: "The National Anthem" is the series premiere of the British science fiction anthology series "Black Mirror". Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker, it was directed by Otto Bathurst and first aired on Channel 4 on 4 December 2011.


title: The National Anthem (Black Mirror)

text: In the episode, a member of the British royal family is kidnapped and will only be released if the British prime minister Michael Callow (Rory Kinnear) has sexual intercourse with a pig on live television. Scenes follow government attempts to track the kidnapper, news coverage of the unfolding events and public reaction. "The National Anthem" had several inspirations, the idea originally conceived by Brooker years previous, with broadcaster Terry Wogan in place of a prime minister. It had a deliberately serious tone.