title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Thomas Keith was a Scottish soldier who converted to Islam and became the governor of Medina. Abdullah Quilliam was a 19th-century Englishman who converted to Islam and built what is argued to be the first mosque in the country in Liverpool. He was known locally for his work advocating trade unionism and divorce law reform and persuaded more people in Liverpool to convert but they faced abuse from the wider society.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: An August 2017 survey by the Bertelsmann Stiftung foundation found that among British Muslims, 75% were Sunni and 8% were Shia.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: A September 2017 survey by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR) found that among British Muslims, 77% were Sunni, 5% were Shia, 1% were Ahmadiyya, and 4% were members of other denominations. 14% of British Muslims said they did not know or refused to answer the survey.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: The denominational or theme breakdown of mosques and prayer rooms in the UK in 2017 with a sum total of more than 5% were as follows: 41.2% Deobandi, 23.7% Barelvi, 9.4% Salafi, and 5.9% Shia (Twelver, Bohra, Ismaili). 7.4% were non-denominational prayer rooms.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Among British Sunnis in 2017, 66.7% were just non-denominational Sunni, 5.9% were Barelvi, 5.0% were Salafis, 4.1% were Deobandi, and 18.3% adhered to another Sunni Islam denomination.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: The majority of British mosques are Sunni, including Deobandi, Barelvis and Salafi. In 2010 the affiliation of the mosques was: 44.6% Deobandi, 28.2% Barelvi and other Sufi, 5.8% Salafi, 2.8% Maudoodi-inspired; of the remainder many were part of other Sunni traditions or unaffiliated, while 4.2% were Shi'a (4%). The majority of mosque managers are of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin, with many Gujarati, and fewer Arab, Turkish and Somali managed entities.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Shia mosques are usually Twelvers but also cater for Zaydis and the 50,000-strong Ismaili community; they usually include facilities for women. Various Shia mosques include the Husseini Islamic Centre in Stanmore, Harrow which acts as one of the main Shia Muslim mosques in Britain as well as Masjid-e-Ali in Luton, one of the largest Imam Bargah/community centres in the UK. Others include Al Masjid ul Husseini in Northolt, Ealing, and Imam Khoei Islamic Centre in Queens Park, Brent. Across the country Manchester, Birmingham and London have the most Shia residents.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (AMC) established itself in the UK in 1912 and is thus the longest-standing Muslim community in the UK. The UK and worldwide headquarters of the AMC are currently situated on the grounds of 'The Blessed Mosque' (Masjid Mubarak), inaugurated on 17 May 2019 by Mirza Masroor Ahmad, the fifth caliph of the Ahmadiyya movement, in Tilford, Surrey. The AMC also has the largest Muslim youth organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association (Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya) in the UK (membership of 7,500) and the largest Muslim women's organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Women's Association (), in the UK (membership of 10,000).


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: There has also been discrimination by orthodox Sunni Muslims against Ahmadi Muslims. In 2014, on the 125 anniversary of the establishment of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Community published an advertisement in the "Luton on Sunday". Following a written complaint from Dr Fiaz Hussain, co-ordinator of the Preservation of Finality of Prophethood Forum (PFPF), stating that the Ahmadiyya community should not be called "Muslim" because it rejected some of the basic principles of Islam, the paper received a delegation of 'Community Leaders' and shortly afterwards printed an apology disassociating itself from the Ahmadiyya advertisement. Tell MAMA responded by identifying attempts to intimidate or discriminate against Ahmadiyya Muslims "as anti-Muslim in nature".


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to analysis based on the 2011 census, Muslims in the United Kingdom face poor standards of housing, poorer levels of education and are more vulnerable to long-term illness, and that Muslims in the UK had the highest rate of unemployment, the poorest health, the most disability and fewest educational qualifications among religious groups. The figures were, to some extent, explained by the fact that Muslims were the least well-established group, having the youngest age profile.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to a 2013 assessment from the Muslim Council of Britain, it was estimated that there were more than 10,000 Muslim millionaires and 13,400 Muslim-owned businesses in London, creating more than 70,000 jobs and representing just over 33 per cent of Small to Medium Enterprises in London.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2018, 34 per cent of British Muslims had degree level qualifications, compared to 30 per cent of Christians and 35 per cent of those with no religion. 13 per cent of Muslims had no qualifications, higher than every other religious group.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2006, it was found that approximately 53% of British Muslim youth chose to attend university. This was higher than the figure for Christians (45%) and the non-religious (32%) but lower than for Hindus (77%) and Sikhs (63%).


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: There are around 184 Muslim faith schools in the UK, 28 of them being state-funded. In 2008, 86.5% of pupils attending Muslim schools achieved five GCSEs, compared to a figure of 72.8% of Roman Catholic schools and 64.5% of secular schools.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2019, four Islamic schools were in the top ten ranking for secondary schools in England, including Tauheedul Islam Girls High School in first place. Some Islamic schools have been accused of promoting extremist versions of Islam.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2018, the Crown Prosecution Service brought its first prosecution in England & Wales against an unregistered school, the Islamic faith school "Al-Istiqamah Learning Centre" in Southall, London where nearly 60 children aged 5–11 were being taught. Head teacher Beatrix Bernhardt and director Nacerdine Talbi were convicted as running a school not registered with the Department for Education violates the Education and Skills Act 2008. They received fines and a curfew.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Muslims are playing an increasingly prominent role in political life. Nineteen Muslim MPs were elected in the December 2019 general election, and there are nineteen Muslim peers in the House of Lords.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: The majority of British Muslims vote for the Labour Party, however there are some high-profile Conservative Muslims, including former Minister for Faith and Communities and former Co-Chairman and the Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi, described by "The Guardian" as a 'rising star' in the Tory party. "The Guardian" stated that "The treasury minister is highly regarded on the right and would be the Tories' first Muslim leader." Salma Yaqoob is the former leader of the left-wing Respect Party. Sayeeda Warsi, who was the first Muslim to serve in a British cabinet, was appointed by David Cameron in 2010 as a minister without portfolio. She was made a senior minister of state in 2012. In August 2014 she resigned over the government's approach to the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Muslim political parties in Britain have included the People's Justice Party (UK), a Pakistani and Kashmiri party that won city council seats in Manchester in the 2000s, and the unsuccessful Islamic Party of Britain, an Islamist party in Bradford in the 1990s.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In the 2017 general election, 15 Muslim MPs (12 Labour and 3 Conservative) were elected, up from 13 Muslim MPs in 2015 general election. In the 2019 general election, a record number of 19 Muslim MPs were elected (15 Labour and 4 Conservative).


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Although sharia is not part of the British legal system, several British establishment figures have supported its use in areas of dispute resolution in Islamic communities. For example, in February 2008 Rowan Williams the Archbishop of Canterbury (the head of the Church of England) lectured at the Royal Courts of Justice on Islam and English law. In this lecture he spoke of the possibility of using sharia in some circumstances:


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Several months later, Lord Phillips, then Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales supported the idea that sharia could be reasonably employed as a basis for "mediation or other forms of alternative dispute resolution", and explained that "It is not very radical to advocate embracing sharia law in the context of family disputes, for example, and our system already goes a long way towards accommodating the archbishop's suggestion."


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In March 2014, The Law Society issued guidance on how to draft sharia-compliant wills for the network of sharia courts which been established to deal with disputes between Muslim families. The guidance was withdrawn later in 2014 following criticism by solicitors and by Chris Grayling, the Justice Secretary.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2016–2018 an independent panel commissioned by the UK government investigated the practices of sharia councils operating in England and Wales. The councils have no legal status and no legal jurisdiction in the UK. Estimates for their number range between 30 and 85. The investigation found that most people consulting the councils are women seeking an Islamic divorce. The review concluded that "there is unanimous agreement among the sharia councils themselves that discriminatory practices do occur in some instances within the councils in England and Wales" and made legislative and administrative recommendations to remedy the abuses. The panel was not aware of any sharia councils operating in Scotland.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to Kaveri Qureshi, while women educate themselves and follow Islamic norms and values referring to colonial era Islamic advice literature about marriage not for continuation but to end their marriages and for justification of remarriages contrary to original intention of authors of the literature.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: There are several Islamic television channels operating in the UK, including British Muslim TV, Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International (MTA International), Ummah Channel, Ahlebait TV, and Fadak.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: British Muslims are represented in various media positions across different organisations. Notable examples include Mehdi Hasan, the political editor of the UK version of "The Huffington Post" and the presenter of Al Jazeera English shows "The Café" and "Head to Head", Mishal Husain, a British news presenter for the BBC, currently appearing on BBC World News and BBC Weekend News, Rageh Omaar, special correspondent with ITV and formerly Senior Foreign Correspondent with the BBC and a reporter/presenter for Al Jazeera English, and Faisal Islam, economics editor and correspondent for "Channel 4 News".


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: It is estimated that 5,200 Britons convert to Islam annually, with a total of about 100,000 converts in 2013. For men, prisons have proven a fertile ground for conversions. About 13% of the prison population, or over 11,000 prisoners, are Muslims, disproportionately higher than the general population. The proportion of Muslims in the UK prison population rose from 8% in 2002 to 15% in 2016. A 2010 report by the Chief Inspector of Prisons stated that 30% of the Muslim prisoners interviewed had converted to Islam while in prison, some of whom were "convenience Muslims" who adopted the religion in order to get benefits available only to Muslims. Mosques in the country are sometimes seen as ethnic clubs which are not welcoming of new converts but there have also been recent convert led mosques.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In June 2017, Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the Labour Party, said that difficult conversations are needed, starting with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states that have funded and fuelled extremist ideology. Tom Brake, Liberal Democrat, foreign affairs spokesman has said that Saudi Arabia provides funding to hundreds of mosques in the UK, espousing a very hardline Wahhabist interpretation of Islam.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Islamophobic French Political scientist Olivier Roy argues that the majority of Islamic terrorists are radicals first and are drawn to fundamentalist Islam as a result, whereas fellow political scientist Gilles Kepel argues that terrorists are radicalized by Salafi ideology before choosing violence. Roy has also argued that the burkini bans and secularist policies of France provoked religious violence in France, to which Kepel responded that Britain has no such policies and still suffered several jihadist attacks in 2017 while there were no major attacks in France.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Some preachers in London's mosques look for Muslim boys who lack clear direction, and set them on the path to radicalisation and terror.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to Gilles de Kerchove in 2017, the UK had the highest number of Islamist radicals in the EU numbering between 20 and 25,000. Of those, 3000 were considered a direct threat by MI5 and 500 were under constant surveillance. Among those known to security services but not considered an immediate threat were the terrorists of three ISIS-linked attacks in 2017 which killed 35 victims in the UK.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In July 2017, a report by the Henry Jackson Society, a neo-conservative think tank, claimed that Middle Eastern nations are providing financial support to mosques and Islamic educational institutions that have been linked to the spread of extremist material with "an illiberal, bigoted Wahhabi ideology". The report said that the number of Salafi and Wahhabi mosques in Britain had increased from 68 in 2007 to 110 in 2014.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: Hardline groups, including Hizb-ut-Tahrir, use accusations of Islamophobia to silence legitimate debate about extremism. While they in general are opposed to Western-style human rights, they use human rights to promote an Islamist ideology.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2019, a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center found that 78% of Britons had a favourable view of Muslims, while 18% had an unfavourable view of Muslims. This was the most favourable in Europe.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: The British media has been criticised for propagating negative stereotypes of Muslims and fueling Islamophobic prejudice. In 2006, several British cabinet ministers were criticised for helping to "unleash a public anti-Muslim backlash" by blaming the Muslim community over issues of integration despite a study commissioned by the Home Office on white and Asian-Muslim youths demonstrating otherwise: that Asian-Muslim youths "are in fact the most tolerant of all" and that white youths "have far more intolerant attitudes," concluding that the attitudes held by members of the white community was a greater "barrier to integration." Another survey by Gallup in 2009 also found that the Muslim community claimed to feel more patriotic about Britain than the general British population as a whole, while another survey found that Muslims assert that they support the role of Christianity in British life more so than British Christians themselves. In January 2010, the British Social Attitudes Survey found that the general public "is far more likely to hold negative views of Muslims than of any other religious group," with "just one in four" feeling "positively about Islam," and a "majority of the country would be concerned if a mosque was built in their area, while only 15 per cent expressed similar qualms about the opening of a church." The "scapegoating" of British Muslims by the media and politicians in the 21st century has been compared in the media to the rise of antisemitism in the early 20th century. A survey conducted in 2017 revealed widespread opposition to Muslim immigration across UK. 47% are opposed to further Muslim immigration, according to a survey conducted by Chatham House. Furthermore, 55% of Britons believe there is a fundamental clash between Islam and the values of British society, according to a YouGov poll. Various other surveys have also shown that such attitudes amongst all European citizens. A 2013 survey indicated that immigrants from Muslim countries were perceived as integrating less well into British society than immigrants from other countries were. Another poll revealed that 28% of British Muslims hoped that Britain would one day become an Islamic state, while 52% disagreed, and 20% did not venture an opinion either way.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to one survey from 2006, around 81% of Muslims think of themselves as Muslim first. This is consistent with Muslims living in Muslim-majority countries, who also tend to think of themselves as Muslim first rather than identifying with nation states (for example 87% of Pakistanis identify themselves as Muslim first rather than Pakistani). However, around 83% of Muslims are proud to be a British citizen, compared to 79% of the general public, 77% of Muslims strongly identify with Britain while only 50% of the wider population do, 86.4% of Muslims feel they belong in Britain, slightly more than the 85.9% of Christians, 82% of Muslims want to live in diverse and mixed neighbourhoods compared to 63% of non-Muslim Britons. In polls taken across Europe 2006, British Muslims hold the most negative view of westerners out of all Muslims in Europe, whilst overall in Britain 63% of British hold the most favourable view of Muslims out of all the European countries (down from 67% the year before).


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: On religious issues, a 2007 poll reported that 36% of 16- to 24-year-olds believed if a Muslim converted to another religion they should be punished by death, compared to 19% of 55+ year old Muslims. A poll reported that 59% of Muslims would prefer to live under British law, compared to 28% who would prefer to live under sharia law. 61% of respondents agreed with the statement that homosexuality is wrong and should be illegal. This appeared to be borne out by a Gallup poll in 2009 of 500 British Muslims, none of whom believed that homosexuality was morally acceptable. Such polls suggest that British Muslims have strongly conservative views on issues relating to extra-marital and/or homosexual sexual acts compared with their European Muslim counterparts – who are markedly more liberal. However, a poll conducted by Demos in 2011 reported that a greater proportion of Muslims (47% – slightly higher than the 46.5% of Christians who agreed with the statement) than other religions agreed with the statement "I am proud of how Britain treats gay people", with less than 11% disagreeing. On 18 May 2013, just as the bill to legalise same-sex marriages was being prepared to pass into law, over 400 leading Muslims including head teachers and senior representatives of mosques across the country, published an open letter opposing the bill on the grounds that "Muslim parents will be robbed of their right to raise their children according to their beliefs, as homosexual relationships are taught as something normal to their primary-aged children".


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: In 2013, there were 40 Muslim players in the English Premier League, up from one in 1992. Man of the Match awardees were awarded bottles of champagne, which is forbidden in Islam, and after Muslim player Yaya Toure refused the award, champagne was phased out for small trophies instead. Children playing football have been seen falling to their knees as if in prayer after scoring a goal, a common practice of Muslim footballers.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: There have been cases of threats, one fatal attack, and non-fatal attacks on Muslims and on Muslim targets, including attacks on Muslim graves and mosques. In January 2010, a report from the University of Exeter's European Muslim Research Centre noted that the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes has increased, ranging from "death threats and murder to persistent low-level assaults, such as spitting and name-calling," for which the media and politicians have been blamed with fueling anti-Muslim hatred. However, Met Police figures showed an 8.5 per cent fall in anti-Muslim crimes between 2009 and 2012, with a spike in 2013 due to the murder of Lee Rigby.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: The emergence of the English Defence League resulted in demonstrations in English cities with large Muslim populations. The EDL was a right wing, anti Islam street protest movement which opposed what it considers to be a spread of Islamism, Sharia law and Islamic extremism in the United Kingdom. The EDL has been described by The Jewish Chronicle as Islamophobic. The group has faced confrontations with various groups, including supporters of Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and Anonymous, of which the latter has also harassed Muslims as well.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to the UK prison officers' union in 2013, some Muslim prisoners in the UK had allegedly forcibly converted fellow inmates to Islam in prisons. In 2018, a report by a Sikh activist organisation, "Sikh Youth UK", entitled "The Religiously Aggravated Sexual Exploitation of Young Sikh Women Across the UK" made allegations of similarities between the case of Sikh women and the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal. However, in 2019 this report was criticised by researchers and an official UK government report lead by two Sikh academics for false and misleading information. It noted: "The RASE report lacks solid data, methodological transparency and rigour. It is filled instead with sweeping generalisations and poorly substantiated claims around the nature and scale of abuse of Sikh girls and causal factors driving it. It appealed heavily to historical tensions between Sikhs and Muslims and narratives of honour in a way that seemed designed to whip up fear and hate". Another investigation by another Sikh scholar, Katy Sian of the University of York, also found no truth to the allegations and instead found it was an allegation being pushed by extremist Sikh groups.


title: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: According to British Muslim journalist Mehdi Hasan, "anti-Semitism isn't just tolerated in some sections of the British Muslim community; it's routine and commonplace". A 2016 survey of 5,446 adult Britons, part of a report titled "Anti-Semitism in contemporary Great Britain" conducted by the London-based Institute for Jewish Policy Research found that the prevalence of anti-semitic views among Muslims was two to four times higher than the rest of the population, that 55% of British Muslims held at least one anti-semitic view (compared to 30% of the general population), and that there was a correlation between Muslim religiosity and antisemitism. A 2020 poll found that 45% of British Muslims held a generally favourable view of British Jews, and 18% held a negative view.


title: Progression of the bench press world record

text: Bench press world records are the international records in bench press across the years, regardless of weight class or governing organization, for bench pressing on the back without using a bridge technique.


text: The advent of bench press shirts, which support the lifter's shoulders and provide upward force, have increased records significantly since 1985 (for example, when the shirted record was , the unshirted record was ). As of 2021, the world record bench press without any equipment ('raw') was set by American Julius Maddox at surpassing his previous record of .


text: The current world record (equipped, with shirt) is held by Jimmy Kolb: on Feb. 27, 2022, at the 2022 IPA Pennsylvania State Powerlifting Championships, he successfully locked out , beating the previous record by more than .


text: The women's equipped bench press record belongs to Rae-Ann Coughenour-Miller from the United States, who lifted (2022, Metal Militia Powerlifting standards), and the raw bench press record belongs to April Mathis also from the United States, who lifted (2016, Southern Powerlifting Federation standards).


text: With the foundation of the International Powerlifting Federation (IPF), the federation began keeping "official" powerlifting world records as the international governing body for the sport of powerlifting. Previous records which hadn't been set within the newly established rules, were reset (for example, elbow bandages had been allowed prior to the formation of the IPF, but were later outlawed). These are the official bench press records after the IPF-reset until they surpass the previously set mark of 306 kg (675 lb) by Jim Williams.


text: For the bench press to be considered raw, no bench shirts are allowed; however, wrist wraps, singlets and belts are allowed. Elbow bandages had been allowed prior to the formation of the IPF, but were later outlawed.


text: International Paralympic Committee regulates unequipped paralympic powerlifting competition without wrist wraps or belt.


title: Manu Ríos

text: Manuel Ríos Fernández (born 17 December 1998), known professionally as Manu Ríos, is a Spanish actor and singer known for his role as Patrick Blanco Commerford on the Netflix series "Elite".


title: Manu Ríos

text: He began his musical career in 2010 by performing covers on YouTube. In 2012, he joined the musical band Parchís, a group with which he released albums and went on tours.


title: Manu Ríos

text: Ríos was born on 17 December 1998 in Calzada de Calatrava. He began his career in the entertainment industry at the age of nine, when he participated in a reality show in Castilla-La Mancha. At that age, he also began uploading covers of famous songs on YouTube. He studied classical ballet and urban dance and was one of the members of the children's musical band Parchís in its 2012 relaunch, a group with which he released records and toured throughout Spain. In addition, he participated in a production of the musical "Les Misérables", playing Gavroche.


title: She-Ra

text: She-Ra, real name Adora, is a fictional superheroine in the 1985 Filmation series "" and its 2018 reboot "She-Ra and the Princesses of Power". A series of toys under her name was produced by Mattel in 1984.


title: She-Ra

text: Her first published appearance was in the 1984 minicomic "The Story of She-ra", which, like the subsequent He-Man and She-Ra animated feature film, introduced her as He-Man's twin sister, Princess Adora, kidnapped by Hordak in her infancy. That minicomic, which features He-Man, the Sorceress of Castle Grayskull, and Castle Grayskull itself, also features one of the very first published appearances of both Hordak and Catra. The minicomic was shipped with the 1985 released original She-Ra action-figure/doll.


title: She-Ra

text: In the 1985 series, She-Ra was intended to extend the appeal of the "Masters of the Universe" setting by being of interest to young girls in the same way that He-Man appealed to young boys. Filmation writers Larry DiTillio and J. Michael Straczynski created the backstory for the property. She-Ra was introduced in the movie "The Secret of the Sword" as Force Captain Adora of the ruling Etheria, but turned out to be Princess Adora, the long-lost twin sister of He-Man, Prince Adam. The 2018 series features a younger She-Ra and is set in a different universe without connections to "Masters of the Universe".


title: She-Ra

text: King Randor and Queen Marlena from planet Eternia had twins, a boy and a girl named Adam and Adora. Hordak, leader of the Evil Horde, kidnapped Adora and escaped to Etheria, where Adora was raised as a mind-controlled Force Captain of The Horde. Adora's uniform – which she continued to wear throughout the series, even after defecting to the Rebels – consisted of a red leotard with long white sleeves, red boots with matching gauntlets, and a black belt.


title: She-Ra

text: The Sorceress sent Adam and Cringer to the planet Etheria to find the Sword of Protection's rightful owner. The Sorceress, through the jewel in the Sword of Protection, reveals to Adora that she was kidnapped by The Horde when she was a baby and that she had a twin brother in Adam/He-Man, which she instantly believed. Through her newfound love for her brother and seeing him in trouble, Adora breaks the spell that was making her serve the Horde then said ""For the honor of Grayskull"" as she is transformed into the heroine She-Ra. She then releases a captured He-Man and jumps from a window, crashing into the Horde stables. She-Ra lands atop Spirit who is transformed into Swift Wind, a talking unicorn. They fly ahead to warn The Rebellion. He-Man and She-Ra return to Eternia, but she decides she must return to Etheria so that she can help free the planet from the Horde oppression.


title: She-Ra

text: Adora, having been trained by the Horde her entire life, assumes leadership of the Great Rebellion. The epic battle to free Etheria from the grip of the Evil Horde rages on, spreading across the corners of the planet. Through this war, She-Ra calls upon her allies across the globe and the Universe, using their special talents to battle against Horde creations. It is implied in several episodes that she has romantic feelings towards the rebel pirate Captain Sea Hawk , who is attracted to her in her guise of Adora as opposed to She-Ra, in the extended MOTU/POP Universe they get Married and have children in which they aid in battle on Etheria, Eternia and across the Galaxies on Primus,(Primus is part of Lore in the extended universe, also in New Adventures of He Man) and Earth where Adora and Adams Mother Marlena is from, and other planets across the universe. Whether or not She-Ra and her forces were ever successful in defeating the Horde/ or the Forces of Evil along with He-Man, was never revealed as the both series was cancelled, before any known resolutions could be reached. However, it was shown little-by-little that the citizens and kingdoms all over Etheria were rising up against the Horde and pushing back against their tyranny. Unlike Adam, who often feigned laziness and a carefree attitude to deflect any suspicion that he may be He-Man, Adora never acted against her nature and was always seen as brave and selfless, willing to help others in need at a moment's notice.


title: She-Ra

text: When Adora transforms to She-Ra, two castles are shown in the background. The first is Castle Grayskull. The second is the Crystal Castle. The Crystal Castle is located atop Skydancer Mountain and is overseen by an entity called Light Hope, who advises She-Ra in times of crisis. In the Princess of Power toyline, the castle is also protected by two winged crystal horses, Moonbeam and Sun Dancer. The Crystal Castle's location is known only to Ahgo (King of the Trolls), She-Ra, her allies who know of her secret (Madame Razz, Kowl and Spirit/Swiftwind) and He-Man, his allies who know of his secret (Sorceress, Man at Arms, Orko and Cringer/BattleCat) (she brought him there one time); She-Ra has sworn to secrecy its location, thus earning the title of "Defender of the Crystal Castle." In the extended MOTU/POP universe She-Ra along with Sea Hawk in his new version of the Solar Sailor ship can now fly in space and still fly in air ride the sea on water and submerge in its depths, travels the Universe alongside He Man when traveling the Galaxies in the Universe in his Starship Eternia as a member of the Galaxy Defenders protecting Primus, their Mothers home planet Earth, and other planets in the Universe as well as Eternia and Etheria no matter what Galaxy, Universe, Multiverse and even traveling through time and space and other Dementions.


title: She-Ra

text: She-Ra is known for her incredible charismatic behaviors. She has been shown multiple times to be able to lift not only full-grown men and robots, but also mountain-like rocks and buildings. She is depicted as being extremely fast and acrobatic. Her speed allows her to easily deflect multiple incoming energy blasts with her sword. She-Ra demonstrated a series of other abilities which appear to be more nurturing in nature such as empathic understanding, mental communication with animals, and healing. Whether there is a limit to the length of time she can remain in her heroic form before she reverts to her original form of Adora is unknown. There have been occasions where she is forcibly transformed back into Adora, implying that her powers do have limits to them.


title: She-Ra

text: She-Ra's primary weapon is her Sword of Protection. It appears almost indestructible and able to deflect bolts of energy, both magical and technological, as well as project beams of energy from the stone in its center. The stone is also used to turn Spirit into Swift Wind, as the power beam needed to perform the transformation comes from it (as opposed to the Sword of Power, where the energy beam that is used to transform Cringer into Battle Cat is shot from the tip of the sword and requires He-Man to point it directly at Cringer in order for it to work).


title: She-Ra

text: In one episode, the stone in She-Ra's sword becomes damaged, causing her to be unable to transform into She-Ra. The sword also had transmutation abilities – upon command it would change shape into whatever She-Ra required at the time, for example a shield, parachute, helmet, rope with grappling hook, and a boomerang. She-Ra is largely non-violent and engages in combat only as a last resort.


title: She-Ra

text: She-Ra is mostly considered a positive role model for women. Some critics have criticized her for being a poor female counterpart to He-Man.


title: She-Ra

text: On December 12, 2017, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix announced a reboot series based on She-Ra. The series was executively produced by author ND Stevenson (creator of "Nimona" and "Lumberjanes"). The cast was revealed on May 18, 2018, alongside a poster and the official series title: "She-Ra and the Princesses of Power". It premiered on November 13, 2018, on Netflix. Unlike the original series, He-Man has no presence in the reboot storyline and is not portrayed to be related or connected in any way, last appearing in a 2002 series. The reboot is a reimagining of the 1980s version and is not part of the Masters of the Universe storyline.


title: She-Ra

text: In this series, Adora is a young teenage girl in season 1, portrayed as a willing member of the Horde who was raised to believe that the princesses are evil and oppress Etheria. She was brought up in the rigorous military environment alongside Catra under their mentor/mother-figure Shadow Weaver, who took Adora in after Hordak found her as a baby years prior. When Adora is promoted to Force Captain, her world view greatly changed when she finds the Sword of Protection one day after sneaking out of the Horde base. She is soon captured by two rebels, Princess Glimmer and her best friend Bow, learning the truth that the Horde are the real oppressors. Upon the revelation and gaining the ability to become She-Ra, Adora joins the rebellion, winning over its hesitant members while struggling in mastering her powers. But Adora’s defection causes a rift between her and Catra, whose initial feelings of abandonment become resentment towards her closest friend, with Adora eventually seeing Catra as an enemy when she nearly destroyed Etheria out of spite. Catra regains her friendship with Adora and helps in defeating the Horde.


title: She-Ra

text: Adora later learns that she is a descendant of the First Ones, a colonizer race that weaponized Etheria to harvest its magic in their Heart of Etheria project, revealed to have been brought to Etheria by Light Hope to fulfill her mission. This forces Adora to destroy the Sword of Protection to prevent Etheria’s destruction, but leaves it open to invasion by Horde Prime. But while leaving Etheria to save Glimmer and Catra, Adora regains her ability to become She-Ra. Adora later learns that only she can restore the magic to Etheria with the risk of dying in the process, but is saved by Catra as the two finally express their romantic feelings for each other.


title: She-Ra

text: Compared to the original version of the character, Adora has a much younger appearance, only becoming considerably taller as She-Ra (8-Feet instead of her usual 5 ft 6). In addition, She-Ra's costume is much more practical in this incarnation; she wears a full tunic that covers her upper torso with metallic epaulets while wearing bike-short type leggings under her skirt. She now wears practical armored boots with flat soles. In the season 1 finale, She-Ra wears a golden battle armor very similar to when her 2002 twin brother He-Man wears a snake armor in his Season 2.


title: She-Ra

text: In the second season She-Ra uses a new power discovered in her sword, which can transform it into any kind of weapon or piece of equipment. But her control over the transformations is not perfect.


title: She-Ra

text: After destroying the Sword of Protection in the season 4 finale, Adora couldn't transform until halfway through season 5, after which she gained a new unnamed appearance for She-Ra (dubbed by fans as She-Ra 2.0): she wore her long golden hair in a regular ponytail that reached down to her back, wore a different diadem/headpiece with smaller wings, white pants with golden bracelets for her thighs and longer golden arm bands while the sword became a mystic projection that turns into a slimmed-down battle blade.


title: She-Ra

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season of the show received the approval rating of 100% based on 24 reviews. In 2019, the show was nominated to three TV-Show awards. In 2020, the animated series was nominated to five TV-Show awards. It won an Emmy in the category Outstanding Daytime Promotional Announcement - Network or Program.


title: She-Ra

text: While Adora/She-Ra's first on screen appearance was the 1985 animated theatrical movie "He-Man and She-Ra: The Secret of The Sword", her actual very first appearance was in the 1984 created and published "The Story of She-Ra" Mattel minicomic, which was packaged with the original She-Ra toy. The main premise of the story, the first ever published story of She-Ra's origin, is roughly identical to the version shown in the Secret of The Sword Movie, opening in almost the exact same manner, with the Sorceress of Grayskull having a nightmarish recollection of baby Princess Adora being abducted from the royal palace of Eternia by the evil warlock/warlord Hordak, and whisked away to Etheria. As in the movie & subsequent She-Ra television series, Adora's twin brother Adam/He-Man is sent to find her. Differences between the comic and the film include Catra being a more powerful and prominent villain in the comic (she becomes the primary antagonist, and is also portrayed as a powerful sorceress, able to transform people into werecats), and slight differences in the looks of Catra, She-Ra and the Crystal Palace.


title: She-Ra

text: In 1985, Filmation, the studio which produced the He-Man cartoon series, released a full-length 91 minute feature film titled The Secret of the Sword also known as He-Man and She-Ra: The Secret of the Sword. The movie transitioned from a focus on He-Man, to an introduction of Adam's/He-Man's twin sister Adora, whom the film reveals to have been abducted, as an infant, by Hordak and Skeletor. Hordak raised Adora to be a warrior and captain for his Evil Horde, and hid her true heritage from her. The film reveals that He-Man's power sword also has a twin, the Sword of Protection, which, when wielded by Adora to summon the power of Grayskull, transforms her into She-Ra, the female counterpart to He-Man. The movie grossed over three times its two-million dollar production budget. It was later divided into several shorter segments, and aired on television as the first several episodes of the He-Man & MOTU spinoff series She-Ra: Princess of Power.


title: She-Ra

text: At the height of the conjoined popularity of the "He-Man and The Masters of The Universe" and "" cartoons, Filmation produced this made for television Christmas movie, and aired it in syndication during the 1985 Christmas Holiday season. The original He-Man and The Masters of The Universe cartoon series had aired its final new episode the prior month, and continued to air in re-run episodes for some time after. Its sister show, She-Ra: Princess of Power was still in its first season. The Christmas special reunited twins He-Man and She-Ra in their biggest joint adventure since the Secret of The Sword. It commences with Queen Marlena reflecting nostalgically about Christmases on Earth, and, after a series of misadventures set in motion by Orko, climaxes with a confrontation that pits He-Man, She-Ra and Skeletor (whose bone-hard heart has been briefly softened by a pair of Earthling children, a peculiar pup, and Christmas Spirit) against Hordak and Horde-Prime.


title: She-Ra

text: She-Ra was originally intended to appear in "Masters of the Universe" and concept art by production designer William Stout was even commissioned, but director Gary Goddard felt it would be best to concentrate on He-Man for the first film. (It would be the only film.) She-Ra was planned to appear in the sequel; the sequel film was cancelled and rewritten into "Cyborg", with She-Ra's equivalent character, Nady Simmons, portrayed by Deborah Richter.


title: She-Ra

text: She-Ra appears in the Mattel "Masters of the Universe" toyline launched in 2008, which attempts to create a new canon by merging selected portions of existing media together with new story elements. The story is told via a combination of mini-comics packaged with the action figures and the biographies printed on the toy packaging.


title: She-Ra

text: In this version of events, Hordak arrived on Etheria after being trapped in the dimension of Despondos by King Grayskull. His apprentice Skeletor kidnaps Adora and sends her to Etheria. After being raised by the Horde and becoming She-Ra (as in the cartoon series), she eventually returns to Eternia with several of her friends and allies, to help He-Man defeat Hordak, who has overthrown King Randor and conquered the planet. She-Ra follows her brother into space on their "New Adventures" to the planet Primus, and together they battle the Horde Empire's ruler Horde Prime. At some point in the future, she would end up returning in the new, villainous persona of Despara.


title: She-Ra

text: In December 2012, She-Ra appeared in her own DC Comics series as a lead-in to her introduction into the "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe" comic series. Adora's introduction is an updated retelling of her classic origin story. Although she was still kidnapped as a baby and raised by the Horde, Adora's personality and life are made much more violent and tragic when compared to her animated counterpart.


title: She-Ra

text: Rather than being a kind woman who has been under the mind control of Shadow Weaver, Despara (Adora's Horde name) is a brutal force captain who is fully aware of the Horde's cruel and evil nature and, although she has some reservations, serves them willingly. Rather than having already taken over the planet of Etheria, instead, Despara leads the Horde in taking over Eternia and driving He-Man, King Randor and the Masters into hiding so as to rebel against the Horde. Due to a connection between herself and Teela, Adora begins to break free of the Horde's will, and begins her journey into becoming She-Ra.


title: She-Ra

text: On September 13, 2021, Amazon announced that a live action "She-Ra" series is in development with DreamWorks Animation serving as an executive producer as the series will be a new, standalone story and will not be connected to the 2018 animated show.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Wynonna Earp ( ) is a supernatural Western horror television series. Developed by Emily Andras, the Canadian-American program is based on the comic book series by Beau Smith. Melanie Scrofano plays the titular character, the great-great-granddaughter of legendary lawman Wyatt Earp. In the series, Wynonna returns to her hometown of Purgatory, near the Canadian Rockies, where she battles revenants, the reincarnated outlaws that Wyatt killed.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Syfy acquired United States rights for "Wynonna Earp" and ordered a 13-episode season in 2015"," premiering it on April 1, 2016. The series premiered in Canada on CHCH-DT on April 4. Viacom International Media Networks acquired the rights to broadcast "Wynonna Earp" on its multinational Spike channels in July 2016. Three seasons have since aired and filming for a fourth season began in 2020 before being suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Season 4 premiered on Syfy and CTV Sci-Fi Channel on July 26, 2020. On February 5, 2021, Syfy announced that the fourth season would be the last, with the remaining episodes starting on March 5, 2021. The series, however, was not officially cancelled by CTV Sci-Fi Channel.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Critical response to the series was positive. "E! Entertainment Television" named "Wynonna Earp" the "Best New Show" of 2016. It was chosen by "Variety" as one of the 20 best new series of 2016. In its annual "Best of TV" highlight, "Collider" named "Wynonna Earp" the "Best New Sci-Fi" show of 2016. Maureen Ryan of "Variety" named "Wynonna Earp" one of the best television shows of 2017.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: On her 27th birthday, Wynonna Earp, the great-great-granddaughter of legendary lawman Wyatt Earp, inherits the special power to return revenants, the reincarnated outlaws that Wyatt had killed, back to Hell. Using her ancestor's magic gun, "Peacemaker," Wynonna works to break her family's curse by sending demons back where they belong. She also fights other supernatural beings that inhabit the Ghost River Triangle, a cursed territory near the Canadian Rockies that includes Purgatory, her hometown. After being recruited by the Black Badge Division (BBD), a secret government agency led by Special Agent Xavier Dolls, she is joined by an ageless Doc Holliday and Wynonna's sister, Waverly Earp. Nicole Haught, a Purgatory Sheriff's Deputy and Waverly's girlfriend, assists the team in her local police role.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: The first season centers on Wynonna fighting the revenants who kidnapped her older sister Willa from their homestead when they were girls, and the threat posed by Bobo Del Rey, leader of the local revenants. In the second season Wynonna discovers she is pregnant, while Waverly struggles with possession by a demon and doubts about her lineage. At the same time, two sister-wife widows of the dead sheriff who cursed Wyatt Earp seek to resurrect him. In season 3, the demon Clootie is resurrected and, as he seeks to find the entrance to the Garden of Eden, the team must work to stop him and prevent the resulting apocalypse. In season 4 part 1, Wynonna and Nicole must figure out a way to rescue Doc and Waverly, with the help of a new friend. In the Garden, Doc and Waverly deal with an imposter. Once rescued, Wynonna, Doc and Waverly return to find out that they have been gone longer than expected. While Waverly tries to help Nicole get past the trauma of their time apart, Wynonna searches for Peacemaker. And they must rescue one of their own from Wyatt's greatest enemies. In season 4 part 2, the gang celebrate Wayhaught engagement. Doc and Wynonna aren't on good terms whilst the latter's drinking gets worse. The gang deal with a cupid, jack-o'-lantern, genie, mysterious fog, Jolene, Cleo and the BBD.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Episodes of season 1 featured Dylan Koroll as Champ Hardy, Waverly's boyfriend before she met Officer Nicole Haught; Natascha Girgis as Gus McCready, aunt of the Earp girls; and David LeReaney as Judge Cryderman, an antagonist of Wynonna Earp. In season 1 Rachael Ancheril appeared as Mattie Perley, a witch known as The Blacksmith, who provided assistance to the Earps; in season 2 Ancheril appeared as Gretta Perley, also known as The Iron Witch, who was seeking revenge against the Earps whom she blames for the death of her twin sister Mattie.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Syfy acquired the U.S. rights to "Wynonna Earp" from SEVEN24 Films and IDW Entertainment in July 2015 and placed an order for 13 episodes. International distribution of the series was acquired by Dynamic Television in September 2015. On September 30, 2015, SEVEN24 Films announced the acquisition of Canadian broadcast rights by over-the-air independent station CHCH-DT. CHCH procured the funding to broadcast Season 1 from global content investment and rights management company Motion Content Group.<ref name="bell/motion"></ref><ref name="chch/motion"></ref>


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Melanie Scrofano was cast in the title role, with Tim Rozon as Doc Holliday and Shamier Anderson as Agent Dolls. Dominique Provost-Chalkley was cast as Waverly Earp. In recurring roles, Michael Eklund was cast as villain Bobo Del Rey and Katherine Barrell as Officer Nicole Haught.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: "Tell That Devil" by singer-songwriter Jill Andrews was selected as the theme music for the series. The titles of "Wynonna Earp" episodes are based on country and western songs.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Viacom International Media Networks acquired the rights to broadcast "Wynonna Earp" on its multinational Spike channels in July 2016. In March 2017, Bell Media announced the new partnership between Space and SEVEN24 Films as Canadian co-producers of the series. In 2019, Cineflix Studios joined the series as a co-producer and Cineflix Rights became the international rights agent for all seasons of "Wynonna Earp". Later that year, in September, Space Channel became the CTV Sci-Fi Channel.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Filming of Season 1 took place from September 14, 2015, to February 12, 2016, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Locations included Bridgeland, Inglewood, and Heritage Park. Didsbury, Alberta, was used as the setting for the series' small town of Purgatory.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Syfy released the first promotional images and synopsis for the series on November 6, 2015. The teaser trailer was released through IGN in January 2016.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: On July 23, 2016, the renewal for a second season was announced at the "Wynonna Earp" panel at San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC). In Canada, "Wynonna Earp" moved from CHCH-DT to Space effective April 15, 2017. In anticipation of the premiere of Season 2, Space began airing Season 1 on the same date with a special double-episode series debut.<ref name="CHCH/Space"></ref>


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: After the series was renewed for a second season, Melanie Scrofano found out that she was pregnant. Emily Andras decided to incorporate her pregnancy in the arc of the titular character, she informed IDW Entertainment of the prospective storyline, and Syfy added two more episodes, increasing Season 2 from 10 to 12 episodes.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Season 2 began filming in Calgary and surrounding areas from December 12, 2016, to April 13, 2017. Additional location shooting took place in Springbank, Alberta. The recurring cast was joined by Varun Saranga in the role of Jeremy Chetri and Tamara Duarte as Rosita.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: The 'sneak peek' of the teaser trailer for the new season was released on April 1, 2017, and the trailer released officially by IGN on May 19, 2017. Syfy released the poster for the season on May 24, 2017.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: On July 22, 2017, David Ozer, president of IDW Entertainment, announced at the show's SDCC panel that the series had been renewed for a third season with the premiere scheduled for 2018. Space announced on the same day that it had ordered 12 episodes for a third season, together with Syfy. Andras credited "Wynonna Earp"'s passionate fan base (nicknamed "Earpers") with gaining the renewal.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Filming of Season 3 began January 15, 2018, and wrapped on May 7, 2018. On February 5, 2018, the series announced the casting of Megan Follows in the role of Michelle Earp, the mother of Wynonna Earp.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In March 2018, Syfy and Space announced that Zoie Palmer had joined the series as a guest star in the role of Jolene; followed by the announcement that Chantel Riley had been cast in the recurring role of a bounty hunter character named Kate. Bell Media announced on April 24 that musician Jann Arden had joined the cast as Bunny Loblaw, a member of Purgatory's town council.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: The key art for the season was released on June 5, 2018, along with photos of the cast. Syfy's trailer for the third season was released on June 8, 2018. Space released its trailer on June 15, 2018. The episode titles were released on June 19, 2018.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Season 3 premiered on July 20, 2018, on Syfy and Space. The first episode of the season was released as a special broadcast by Syfy on July 16, 2018, at 11 p.m. Eastern, in advance of the season premiere.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: On July 21, 2018, the renewal by Syfy and Space (rebranded as CTV Sci-Fi Channel in 2019) for a fourth season was announced at SDCC. The season was scheduled to premiere in 2019 and comprise 12 episodes.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In late February 2019, news broke that the start of production on the fourth season had been delayed due to financial problems at IDW Entertainment. On July 2, 2019, it was announced that production would begin in late 2019 and filming starting January 2020, with Cineflix Studios as co-producer, and Canada's Crave network as a new production partner. Emily Andras thanked fans of "Wynonna Earp" for their loyalty, "This is an enormous testament to our passionate and fierce fans, the Earpers, who remind us every day how to fight like hell for the things you love with wit, ferocity and kindness." Andras and cast were slated to appear at the 2019 San Diego Comic-Con.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Filming for Season 4 began in Calgary on January 15, 2020. New cast joining the series in the fourth season include Martina Ortiz-Luis as Rachel, Andrew Phung, and Ty Olsson. Production was temporarily suspended on March 16 after Alberta issued a provincial order to stop all television and film productions due to concerns over the spread of coronavirus in the region and Canada.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: The trailer for the fourth season was released on June 26, 2020. The key art for the new season was decided in a Syfy fan contest held in June 2020, with Emily Andras selecting the winning design announced on July 17, 2020.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: On June 26, 2020, the series and Bell Media announced the premiere of the first six episodes of Season 4 on July 26. Filming on the remaining episodes resumed on July 16, 2020.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: On February 5, 2021, SyFy announced that it had cancelled the series, with the second half of the season returning on March 5. In her statement about the decision, Emily Andras said, "I have been honored to tell Wynonna and her family's story, and along with Seven24, Cineflix and CTV Sci-Fi, are hopeful we can continue to share their inspiring tales in the future."


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Although the series was cancelled on Syfy, Eric Volmers of the "Calgary Herald" reported that Seven24 Films was "in discussions with American broadcasters" and hoped to "keep this remarkable show going", while fans of the series had mounted an international campaign for a fifth season.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: "Wynonna Earp" premiered in the United Kingdom on Spike on July 29, 2016, at 9:00 p.m. The series premiered in Australia on Spike on February 5, 2017.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In the UK, Season 2 premiered on Spike on June 13, 2017, at 10:00 p.m. Season 3 premiered on 5Spike on July 27, 2018, at 10:00 p.m.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In December 2016, SEVEN24 Films producer Jordy Randall announced in an interview with the "Calgary Herald" that Season 1 would be streaming on Netflix. The series became available on Netflix in the United States on April 1, 2017; and in Canada on April 5, 2017.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: The Season 1 DVD for Region 4 and Blu-ray for Region B were released first in Australia by Roadshow Entertainment on May 3, 2017.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: The Season 2 DVD was released in Region 4 and the Blu-ray in Region B by Roadshow Entertainment on November 1, 2017.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: A crowdfunding campaign for a region free Blu-ray release was launched on May 23, 2017, by IDW Entertainment on Indiegogo.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In the United States, season 1 averaged a total rating of 0.13 with 0.56 million viewers. The season received a 79% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 6.11/10. The critical consensus states: "What "Wynonna Earp" lacks in originality it more than makes up for in gritty, silly, supernatural fun." Metacritic gave it an average score of 68 out of 100.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Season 2 averaged a 0.12 rating in the U.S. with 0.50 million viewers. Viewership among women aged 18–34 increased 44 percent, representing more than half of "Wynonna Earp"s audience. The season received a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 8.33/10. The critical consensus states: ""Wynonna Earp" ups the ante with more action, more surprises, and more Melanie Scrofano as the titular sharp-tongued gunslinger."


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In the U.S., season 3 averaged a rating of 0.11 with 0.47 million viewers. The season received a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The critical consensus states: "Wynonna's back, action-packed, and dressed in black in the dynamic third season of "Wynonna Earp"."


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In Canada, overall viewership increased 52% on Space compared to season 1 on CHCH-DT. Viewership of season 2 increased 30% compared to the first season, and made Space "the most-watched entertainment specialty channel" during the program's time slot.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In its new series review, "Collider" gave "Wynonna Earp" four stars, calling it "a fresh and familiar take on zombies, the Wild West, and gunslinger culture" and "something that also feels different to anything we're seeing on TV currently, thanks not only to its setting, but its prominent placement of so many strong, profane, kickass female characters." "Digital Journal" said the series was "smart" and "complex" with "a lot going for it". "The A.V. Club" called Melanie Scrofano "the right woman for the job ... an easy, authoritative presence"; and "when it's allowed the room to run, "Wynonna Earp" delights in itself," adding that the series "could grow into the good-time Western pulp it has the potential to be." In a post-season 1 review for "Salon", Melanie McFarland wrote: "This modern Western proved its mettle by dint of unexpectedly weird plotting and witty dialogue ... [Melanie] Scrofano lends a hardened and slightly feral swagger to Wynonna that's vastly entertaining ... Much of the show's winning spirit rests in its exploration of family loyalty and the popular conviction that one's blood and dynastic ties compel one to fulfill a prescribed destiny."


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: "E! Entertainment Television" named "Wynonna Earp" the "Best New Show" of 2016. It was chosen by "Variety" as one of the 20 best new series of 2016, stating "what this prairie-set Canadian import lacks in budget, it makes up for in gumption, sass and camaraderie." In its annual "Best of TV" highlight, "Collider" named "Wynonna Earp" the "Best New Sci-Fi" show of 2016.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: Maureen Ryan of "Variety" named "Wynonna Earp" one of the best television shows of 2017, praising its "fierce and committed performances". The "New York Times" recommended "Wynonna Earp" as one of the television series to stream on Netflix, describing it as "internal mythology [that] can be a little too involved, but the characters' motivations are always clear, and the snarky dialogue is fun".


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: "Wayhaught", the portmanteau for the relationship between Waverly Earp and Nicole Haught, was considered one of the favorite 2017 fan "ships" on Tumblr, and the series was praised for how it is portrayed and acknowledged by Dominique Provost-Chalkley and Katherine Barrell.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: "Wynonna Earp" producers and cast members appeared at the Calgary International Film Festival on September 30, 2017, in a special program showcasing film and television productions in Alberta, Canada. The event was live-streamed and featured behind-the-scenes stories, insights, and a Q&A session.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: "Wynonna Earp"s fan base is credited with increasing the series' presence on social media and benefitting Syfy's "It's a Fan Thing" marketing campaign for niche audiences.


title: Wynonna Earp (TV series)

text: In response to reportage that season 4 was jeopardized due to financial complications on the part of IDW, dedicated fans began a social media campaign to save the series, including electronic billboards in Times Square promoting "Wynonna Earp". In appreciation of their campaign, Melanie Scrofano sponsored a billboard thanking fans for their support.


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: Paul Andrew Schneider (born March 16, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Mark Brendanawicz on the first two seasons of the NBC sitcom "Parks and Recreation" and Dick Liddil in "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford". He won a Best Actor in a Narrative Feature award at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival for his performance in "Goodbye to All That" and the Best Supporting Actor Award from the National Society of Film Critics for his performance as Charles Armitage Brown in "Bright Star".


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: Schneider was born in Oakland, California, and raised in Asheville, North Carolina. He graduated from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts.


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: In 2000, Schneider made his film debut in David Gordon Green's "George Washington" and starred in Green's "All the Real Girls". As research for his role as Jesse Baylor in "Elizabethtown", director Cameron Crowe suggested that Schneider tour with the band My Morning Jacket for five days. Schneider accompanied the band to concerts held in such locations as Irving Plaza, the Webster Theater, the Theater of the Living Arts, and Stone Pony Landing.


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: After "Elizabethtown", Schneider had supporting roles in "The Family Stone" and "Live Free or Die". In 2007, he portrayed Gus Lindstrom in "Lars and the Real Girl" and Dick Liddil in "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford". He was named one of "Ten Actors to Watch" by "Variety". In 2008, he made his directorial debut with the independent film "Pretty Bird". Also in 2008, Schneider played President William Henry Harrison in a short parody miniseries entitled "Drunk History Vol. 4".


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: In 2009, Schneider appeared as Charles Armitage Brown in "Bright Star", for which he won the Best Supporting Actor Award from the National Society of Film Critics. The award was shared with Christoph Waltz for "Inglourious Basterds". He portrayed Courtney Farlander in "Away We Go".


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: In arguably his most mainstream role, Schneider co-starred as Mark Brendanawicz in the NBC series "Parks and Recreation", appearing in the first 2 seasons from 2009 to 2010 before leaving the series.


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: In 2018, Schneider made his Broadway debut in Young Jean Lee's play "Straight White Men" as Matt. Schneider's performance earned praise, with "The New York Times" critic Jesse Green singling him out as one of the highlights of the production.


title: Paul Schneider (actor)

text: On April 16, 2016, Schneider married Theresa Avila, an occupational therapist and co-founder of The World Lens Foundation, of which Schneider is a board member. The two have a daughter. Schneider is an Innocence Project Ambassador.


title: Berberine

text: Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as "Berberis vulgaris" (barberry), "Berberis aristata" (tree turmeric), "Mahonia aquifolium" (Oregon grape), "Hydrastis canadensis" (goldenseal), "Xanthorhiza simplicissima" (yellowroot), "Phellodendron amurense" (Amur cork tree), "Coptis chinensis" (Chinese goldthread), "Tinospora cordifolia", "Argemone mexicana" (prickly poppy), and "Eschscholzia californica" (Californian poppy). Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark.


title: Berberine

text: Due to its yellow color, "Berberis" species were used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a color index of 75160.


title: Berberine

text: The safety of using berberine for any condition is not adequately defined by high-quality clinical research.


title: Berberine

text: Its potential for causing adverse effects is high, including untoward interactions with prescription drugs, reducing the intended effect of established therapies. Berberine weakly inhibits the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes which are involved in metabolism of endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including many prescription drugs.


title: Berberine

text: The alkaloid berberine has a tetracyclic skeleton derived from a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline system with the incorporation of an extra carbon atom as a bridge. Formation of the berberine bridge is rationalized as an oxidative process in which the "N"-methyl group, supplied by "S"-adenosyl methionine (SAM), is oxidized to an iminium ion, and a cyclization to the aromatic ring occurs by virtue of the phenolic group.


title: Berberine

text: Reticuline is the immediate precursor of protoberberine alkaloids in plants. Berberine is an alkaloid derived from tyrosine. -DOPA and 4-hydroxypyruvic acid both come from -tyrosine. Although two tyrosine molecules are used in the biosynthetic pathway, only the phenethylamine fragment of the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring system is formed via DOPA, the remaining carbon atoms come from tyrosine via 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. -DOPA loses carbon dioxide to form dopamine 1. Likewise, 4-hydroxypyruvic acid also loses carbon dioxide to form 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 2. Dopamine 1 then reacts with 4-hydroxy-phenylacetaldehyde 2 to form ("S")-norcolaurine 3 in a reaction similar to the Mannich reaction. After oxidation and methylation by SAM, ("S")-reticuline 4 is formed. ("S")-reticuline serves as a pivotal intermediate to other alkaloids. Oxidation of the tertiary amine then occurs and an iminium ion is formed 5. In a Mannich-like reaction the "ortho" position to the phenol is nucleophilic, and electrons are pushed to form 6. Product 6 then undergoes keto–enol tautomerism to form ("S")-scoulerine, which is then methylated by SAM to form ("S")-tetrahydrocolumbamine 7. Product 7 is then oxidized to form the methylenedioxy ring from the "ortho"-methoxyphenol, via an O-, NADPH- and cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme, giving ("S")-canadine 8. ("S")-canadine is then oxidized to give the quaternary isoquinolinium system of berberine. This happens in two separate oxidation steps, both requiring molecular oxygen, with HO and HO produced in the successive processes.


title: Diana Douglas

text: Diana Love Webster (née Dill; formerly Douglas and Darrid; January 22, 1923 – July 3, 2015) was an American actress who was known for her marriage to actor Kirk Douglas from 1943 until their divorce in 1951. She was the mother of Michael and Joel Douglas.


title: Diana Douglas

text: In 1942, Douglas began her career as an actress and appeared in more than 50 films. Some of her well-known roles were as Susan Rogers in "The Indian Fighter" (co-starring Kirk Douglas) and as Peg in "Planes, Trains and Automobiles". She was also known for her recurring role as Martha Evans in "Days of Our Lives" (1977–1979, 1982). In 2003, she appeared in "It Runs in the Family" with her ex-husband Kirk, her son Michael and her grandson Cameron. She retired from acting in 2008.


title: Diana Douglas

text: She was born in Devonshire, Bermuda, on January 22, 1923. Her father, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Melville Dill (also the name of her great-grandfather, a mariner), was a former Member of the Colonial Parliament (MCP) (representing the Parish of Devonshire in the Parliament of Bermuda), Attorney General of Bermuda, and former Commanding Officer of the Bermuda Militia Artillery. Her mother Ruth Rapalje (née Neilson) had roots in New Jersey, including being a descendant of American Revolutionary War hero Col. John Neilson. Douglas' brother Bayard was a prominent lawyer and politician. Her sister Ruth was married to John Seward Johnson I, heir to the Johnson & Johnson fortune. Douglas' father was from a prominent Bermudian family, present on the island since the early 17th century.


title: Diana Douglas

text: Her ancestry included English, Irish, Welsh, Dutch, Scottish, Belgian and French. Douglas was brought up in the Church of England.


title: Diana Douglas

text: In 1942, she began her career in a minor, uncredited role in "Keeper of the Flame". She went on to appear in many films during the 1950s and 1960s, one of her most notable roles arguably being Susan Rogers in "The Indian Fighter". During the 1960s and 1970s, she appeared in a variety of television programs (such as the "General Electric Theater" and "Naked City"), her best known television role being Lily Chernak Donnelly on "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing".


title: Diana Douglas

text: She played Poco on "Three Steps to Heaven" and Martha Evans in "Days of Our Lives". Following the cancellation of "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing", she played Annie Andersen in "The Cowboys". She appeared in "" and "The Waltons". In "It Runs in the Family", Douglas appeared with her former husband, Kirk Douglas, son Michael and grandson Cameron, and later appeared on an episode of CBS's "Cold Case" and in the Season 15 "ER" episode "Heal Thyself" (2008), the year that she retired from acting.


title: Diana Douglas

text: Dill was married to Kirk Douglas. They met as acting students before the Second World War. During the war, Douglas was serving in the U.S. Navy when he saw the May 3, 1943, issue of "Life" magazine, with a photograph of Dill on the cover. He showed the cover to his shipmates and told them that he would marry her. They married on November 2, 1943, and had two sons, Michael and Joel, before divorcing in 1951.


title: Diana Douglas

text: She married actor Bill Darrid, and they lived with her sons on the East Coast of the US until his death in 1992. In 2002, she married Donald Webster in the old Devonshire Parish Church in Bermuda.


title: Diana Douglas

text: On July 3, 2015, Douglas, a breast cancer survivor, died at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, of an undisclosed form of cancer at the age of 92.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: Ruben Östlund (born 13 April 1974) is a Swedish filmmaker best known for his black comedic and satirical films "Force Majeure" (2014), "The Square" (2017) and "Triangle of Sadness" (2022), all of which received largely positive reviews and won awards at the Cannes Film Festival, including the Palme d'Or for their respective years.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: Östlund was born in Styrsö, Gothenburg Municipality, Sweden. After high school, he started working in various ski resorts in the Alps during the winter seasons. While in the Alps, he began making skiing videos for his friends, which helped him obtain a job at a local production company.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: He went on to study at the film school in Gothenburg, graduating in 2001. He was accepted to the school based on his skiing films. Together with film producer Erik Hemmendorff, he is the co-founder of the production company Plattform Produktion, which produces his films.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: His first three feature-length fiction films were "The Guitar Mongoloid" (2004), "Involuntary" (2008) and "Play" (2011). "The Guitar Mongoloid" won the FIPRESCI Award at the 27th Moscow International Film Festival. Östlund's short film "Incident by a Bank" won the Golden Bear for Best Short Film at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival and the Grand Prix at Tampere Film Festival in 2011.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: In 2014, his film "Force Majeure" was selected to compete in the Un Certain Regard section at the Cannes Film Festival, winning the Jury Prize. Sweden then submitted "Force Majeure" for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. After the Academy shortlisted but did not nominate it, Östlund released a humorous video of his response to missing the nomination list. In 2016, he was a member of the jury for the Un Certain Regard section of Cannes.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: In 2017, his film "The Square", loosely inspired by some of his own experiences and art installation with Kalle Boman, competed at the Cannes Film Festival, where it ultimately won the Palme d'Or.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: Afterwards, he pursued the project "Triangle of Sadness", a satirical film about the wealthy elite, winning his second Palme d'Or in 2022.


title: Ruben Östlund

text: Ruben has been in a relationship with fashion photographer Sina Görcz since 2014 and has a son called Elias. Due to COVID-19, Ruben and Sina had to postpone their wedding. He was previously married to his director colleague Andrea Östlund. They divorced in 2008 and have twin daughters, Alva and Hilda, together. Ruben was 28 when he became a father for the first time and was working on "The Guitar Mongoloid", his first feature film.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline, sold under the brand name Pamelor, among others, is a medication used to treat depression. This medicine is used for: neuropathic pain, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), smoking cessation and anxiety. As with many antidepressants, its use for young people with depression and other psychiatric disorders may be limited due to increased suicidality in the 18-24 population initiating treatment. Nortriptyline is a less preferred treatment for ADHD and stopping smoking. It is taken by mouth.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Common side effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurry vision, sleepiness, low blood pressure with standing, and weakness. Serious side effects may include seizures, an increased risk of suicide in those less than 25 years of age, urinary retention, glaucoma, mania, and a number of heart issues. Nortriptyline may cause problems if taken during pregnancy. Use during breastfeeding appears to be relatively safe. It is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is believed to work by altering levels of serotonin and norepinephrine.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 155th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3million prescriptions.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline is used to treat depression. This medication is in capsule or liquid and is taken by the mouth one to four times a day, with or without food. Usually people are started on a low dose and it is gradually increased. A level between 50 and 150 ng/mL of nortriptyline in the blood generally corresponds with an antidepressant effect.


title: Nortriptyline

text: In the United Kingdom, it may also be used for treating nocturnal enuresis, with courses of treatment lasting no more than three months. It is also used off-label for the treatment of panic disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine prophylaxis and chronic pain or neuralgia modification, particularly temporomandibular joint disorder.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Although not approved by the FDA for neuropathic pain, many randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of TCAs for the treatment of this condition in both depressed and non-depressed individuals. In 2010, an evidence-based guideline sponsored by the International Association for the Study of Pain recommended nortriptyline as a first-line medication for neuropathic pain. However, in a 2015 Cochrane systematic review the authors did not recommend nortriptyline as a first-line agent for neuropathic pain.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline should not be used in the acute recovery phase after myocardial infarction (viz, heart attack). Use of tricyclic antidepressants along with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, linezolid, and IV methylene blue are contraindicated as it can cause an increased risk of developing serotonin syndrome.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Closer monitoring is required for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, glaucoma, or seizures, as well as in persons with hyperthyroidism or receiving thyroid hormones.


title: Nortriptyline

text: The most common side effects include dry mouth, sedation, constipation, increased appetite, blurred vision and tinnitus. An occasional side effect is a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Alcohol may exacerbate some of its side effects.


title: Nortriptyline

text: The symptoms and the treatment of an overdose are generally the same as for the other TCAs, including anticholinergic effects, serotonin syndrome and adverse cardiac effects. TCAs, particularly nortriptyline, have a relatively narrow therapeutic index, which increase the chance of an overdose (both accidental and intentional). Symptoms of overdose include: irregular heartbeat, seizures, coma, confusion, hallucination, widened pupils, drowsiness, agitation, fever, low body temperature, stiff muscles and vomiting.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Excessive consumption of alcohol in combination with nortriptyline therapy may have a potentiating effect, which may lead to the danger of increased suicidal attempts or overdosage, especially in patients with histories of emotional disturbances or suicidal ideation.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline is a strong norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and a moderate serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Its pharmacologic profile is as the table shows with (inhibition or antagonism of all sites).


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline is an active metabolite of amitriptyline by demethylation in the liver. Chemically, it is a secondary amine dibenzocycloheptene and pharmacologically it is classed as a first-generation antidepressant.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline may also have a sleep-improving effect due to antagonism of the H and 5-HT receptors. In the short term, however, nortriptyline may disturb sleep due to its activating effect.


title: Nortriptyline

text: In one study, nortriptyline had the highest affinity for the dopamine transporter among the TCAs (K = 1,140 nM) besides amineptine (a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor), although its affinity for this transporter was still 261- and 63-fold lower than for the norepinephrine and serotonin transporters (K = 4.37 and 18 nM, respectively).


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline is metabolized in the liver by the hepatic enzyme CYP2D6, and genetic variations within the gene coding for this enzyme can affect its metabolism, leading to changes in the concentrations of the drug in the body. Increased concentrations of nortriptyline may increase the risk for side effects, including anticholinergic and nervous system adverse effects, while decreased concentrations may reduce the drug's efficacy.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Individuals can be categorized into different types of CYP2D6 metabolizers depending on which genetic variations they carry. These metabolizer types include poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. Most individuals (about 77–92%) are extensive metabolizers, and have "normal" metabolism of nortriptyline. Poor and intermediate metabolizers have reduced metabolism of the drug as compared to extensive metabolizers; patients with these metabolizer types may have an increased probability of experiencing side effects. Ultrarapid metabolizers use nortriptyline much faster than extensive metabolizers; patients with this metabolizer type may have a greater chance of experiencing pharmacological failure.


title: Nortriptyline

text: The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium recommends avoiding nortriptyline in persons who are CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers, due to the risk of a lack of efficacy and side effects, respectively. A reduction in starting dose is recommended for patients who are CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers. If use of nortriptyline is warranted, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended to guide dose adjustments. The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group recommends reducing the dose of nortriptyline in CYP2D6 poor or intermediate metabolizers, and selecting an alternative drug or increasing the dose in ultrarapid metabolizers.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline is a tricyclic compound, specifically a dibenzocycloheptadiene, and possesses three rings fused together with a side chain attached in its chemical structure. Other dibenzocycloheptadiene TCAs include amitriptyline ("N"-methylnortriptyline), protriptyline, and butriptyline. Nortriptyline is a secondary amine TCA, with its "N"-methylated parent amitriptyline being a tertiary amine. Other secondary amine TCAs include desipramine and protriptyline. The chemical name of nortriptyline is 3-(10,11-dihydro-5"H"-dibenzo["a","d"]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-"N"-methyl-1-propanamine and its free base form has a chemical formula of CHN with a molecular weight of 263.384 g/mol. The drug is used commercially mostly as the hydrochloride salt; the free base form is used rarely. The CAS Registry Number of the free base is 72-69-5 and of the hydrochloride is 894-71-3.


title: Nortriptyline

text: Nortriptyline was developed by Geigy. It first appeared in the literature in 1962 and was patented the same year. The drug was first introduced for the treatment of depression in 1963.


title: Nortriptyline

text: "Nortriptyline" is the English and French generic name of the drug and its , , and , while "nortriptyline hydrochloride" is its , , , and . Its generic name in Spanish and Italian and its are "nortriptilina", in German is "nortriptylin", and in Latin is "nortriptylinum".


title: Nortriptyline

text: Brand names of nortriptyline include Allegron, Aventyl, Noritren, Norpress, Nortrilen, Norventyl, Norzepine, Pamelor, and Sensoval, among many others.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The Queen Is Dead is the third studio album by English rock band the Smiths. Released on 16 June 1986 in the United Kingdom by Rough Trade Records, and on 23 June 1986 in the US by Sire Records, it spent 22 weeks on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number two. It also peaked at number 70 on the US "Billboard" Top Pop Albums chart, and was certified Gold by the RIAA in late 1990.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The album was produced by frontman Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr, working predominantly with engineer Stephen Street, who had engineered the band's previous album "Meat Is Murder" (1985).


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: Marr wrote the music for several songs that appeared on "The Queen Is Dead" while the Smiths toured Britain in early 1985, working out arrangements with bassist Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce during soundchecks. The title of the album is from Hubert Selby Jr.'s 1964 novel "Last Exit to Brooklyn". The cover art features French actor Alain Delon in the 1964 film "L'Insoumis".


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: In 2020, "Rolling Stone" ranked "The Queen Is Dead" 113th on its updated list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In its 2013 list, the "NME" named "The Queen Is Dead" the greatest album of all time.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: Marr was heavily influenced by the Stooges, the Velvet Underground, and the Detroit garage rock scene while crafting the album.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The album’s title track was based on a song Marr began writing as a teenager. "The Boy with the Thorn in His Side" was, according to Marr, "an effortless piece of music", and was written on tour in the spring of 1985. The song's lyrics refer allegorically to the band's experience of the music industry that failed to appreciate it. In 2003, Morrissey named it his favourite Smiths song.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: A demo of the music for "Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others" was posted by Marr through Morrissey's letterbox in the summer of 1985. Morrissey then completed the song by adding lyrics. Marr has stated that he "preferred the music to the lyrics".


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "Frankly, Mr. Shankly", "I Know It's Over" and "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" were written by Morrissey and Marr in a "marathon" writing session in the late summer of 1985 at Marr's home in Bowdon, Greater Manchester. The first of these is reputed to have been addressed to Geoff Travis, head of the Smiths' record label Rough Trade, however Morrissey denies this. Travis has since described it as "a funny lyric" about "Morrissey's desire to be somewhere else", acknowledging that a line in the song about "bloody awful poetry" was a reference to a poem he had written for Morrissey.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" features lyrics drawn from "Lonely Planet Boy" by the New York Dolls. According to Marr: "When we first played it, I thought it was the best song I'd ever heard". The song's guitar part drew on the Rolling Stones' cover of Marvin Gaye's "Hitch Hike", whose original version by Gaye himself had acted as an inspiration for the Velvet Underground's "There She Goes Again".


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The music for "Never Had No One Ever", completed in August 1985, was based on a demo which Marr had recorded in December 1984, itself based on "I Need Somebody" by the Stooges. According to Marr: "The atmosphere of that track pretty much sums up the whole album and what it was like recording it." The lyric to the song reflects Morrissey's feeling unsafe and, being from an immigrant family, not at home on the streets of Manchester.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "The Boy with the Thorn in His Side", "Bigmouth Strikes Again" and "Frankly, Mr. Shankly" were debuted live during a tour of Scotland in September and October, during which "The Queen Is Dead" and "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" were sound-checked.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The song "Vicar in a Tutu" was considered "throwaway" by Marr, who stated "It made a change from trying to change the fucking world." "Cemetry Gates" was a late addition to the album. Marr had not believed that the guitar part was interesting enough to be developed into a song, but Morrissey disagreed when he heard Marr play it. The "All those people ... I want to cry" section is largely taken from the film "The Man Who Came To Dinner", which also inspired one of Morrissey's aliases, Sheridan Whitehead. The words the song's narrator has heard "said a hundred times (maybe less, maybe more)" are based on lines from Shakespeare's "Richard III". The song evokes Morrissey's memories of visiting Southern Cemetery in Manchester with artist Linder Sterling.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The album was produced by Morrissey and Marr, working predominantly with engineer Stephen Street, who had engineered the band's 1985 album "Meat Is Murder". Street recalled: "Morrissey, Johnny and I had a really good working relationship – we were all roughly the same age and into the same kind of things, so everyone felt quite relaxed in the studio".


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: At the time the group was having difficulty with its record label Rough Trade. However, according to Street, "this didn't get in the way of recording because the atmosphere in the studio was very, very constructive."


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The first song from the album to be recorded, in July 1985, was "The Boy with the Thorn in His Side". The recording, made with engineer Stephen Street at a small studio in Manchester and initially intended as a demo, was considered by the band to be good enough for release as a single. It went on sale on 16 September 1985 and made number 23 in the UK Singles Chart.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: In August 1985, "Bigmouth Strikes Again" and "Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others" were recorded at RAK Studios in London, along with the B-sides to "The Boy with the Thorn in His Side"; "Asleep" and "Rubber Ring". Kirsty MacColl sang a backing vocal for "Bigmouth Strikes Again" but it was considered "really weird" by Marr, and was replaced with a sped-up vocal by Morrissey in the final mix, for which he is credited as Ann Coates on the sleeve of "The Queen Is Dead". "Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others" includes a false fade near the start, intended by Street to give the impression of a door closing and opening again. During the same session, a first version of "Never Had No One Ever" was recorded.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The bulk of the album was recorded in the winter of 1985 at Jacob Studios in Farnham, under the working title "Margaret on the Guillotine".


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "Frankly, Mr. Shankly" was an attempt to recreate the "vibe" of Sandie Shaw's "Puppet on a String", although "it didn't quite work out that way", according to Marr. Linda McCartney was asked to play piano on the track, but declined, and a first take featuring a trumpeter was scrapped. The version originally intended for inclusion on "The Queen Is Dead" was ruined by a technical glitch on the tape, and so the song was re-recorded with John Porter at Wessex Studios in London.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "The Queen Is Dead" was among the last songs to be recorded. Its distinctive tom-tom loop was created by Mike Joyce and Stephen Street using a sampler. A line of guitar feedback was played by Marr through a wah-wah pedal throughout the song.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: The song "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" was a contender for lead single from the album, but was passed over in favour of "Bigmouth Strikes Again". (Later in 1986 it was released as a 7"-only single in France). The song received a belated release as a single in 1992 when it became one of WEA used it to promote Smiths re-releases and best-of compilations released in the years following the band’s breakup. In 1990 the song was voted no. 1 on a list of the greatest songs of all time by the readers of "SPIN" magazine in the US.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "Cemetry Gates" was Morrissey's direct response to critics who had cried foul over his use of texts written by some of his favorite authors, notably Shelagh Delaney and Elizabeth Smart. Oscar Wilde, who was also accused of plagiarism, figures as a patron saint of Morrissey's in the song's lyrics. A Wilde quote, "Talent borrows, genius steals", was etched in the vinyl run-out grooves of the single single off the album, "Bigmouth Strikes Again". These etchings appear almost exclusively on the UK releases (denoted by the RT and RTT prefixes on the catalogue number).


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "The Queen Is Dead", which leads off the album and notably became an expressionistic music video directed by Derek Jarman, starts with a sampled excerpt from Bryan Forbes' 1962 British film "The L-Shaped Room". Another instance of Morrissey's fascination with 1960s British cinema, the film featured performances by Pat Phoenix (who had already appeared as a cover star on the 1985 single "Shakespeare's Sister") and Cicely Courtneidge as an elderly lesbian veteran of the music halls. The soundbite is Courtneidge's character nostalgically singing the First World War song "Take Me Back to Dear Old Blighty". The actress had also appeared in a gala performance for the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II, entitled "God Save the Queen"; she died in 1980.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: A few songs, including "The Queen Is Dead" and "Bigmouth Strikes Again", feature pitch-shifted backing vocals by Morrissey. Morrissey liked to experiment with effects on his voice, so Street ran his voice through a harmoniser for the backing tracks. Street recalled, "At that time, apart from the harmoniser, he didn't go for much backing vocal or harmony work – he's done that more on recent albums – but he did like to experiment". The backing vocals are attributed to "Ann Coates" on the record sleeve (Ancoats is a district in Manchester, just north-east of the city centre).


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "The Queen Is Dead" finally emerged in June 1986, and was previewed by the release of "Bigmouth Strikes Again" as a single in May. Many encouraged the band to release "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" as a single, but Johnny Marr is said to have wanted an explosive, searing single, along the lines of the Rolling Stones' "Jumpin' Jack Flash", to announce that the Smiths had returned from hiatus. It did not fare as well as expected, stalling at number 26 on the British charts. However, the album became an international success upon release, staying in the European Albums Chart for twenty one weeks, peaking at number 19 in that chart based on the sales from 18 major European countries. It also reached No. 70 on the US "Billboard" Top Pop Albums chart, and was certified Gold by the RIAA in late 1990.


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: In June 2017, one year after the album's 30th anniversary, the Smiths re-released a previously edited, longer version of "The Queen Is Dead" on vinyl with other Smiths songs: “Oscillate Wildly,” “Money Changes Everything,” and “The Draize Train” serving as B-sides. The band also released a 7" single containing "The Queen is Dead" and "I Keep Mine Hidden." Later that month, Morrissey accused HMV of trying to "freeze sales" on the new re-issues after the store limited the number of records sold to one per person. Later in 2017, the album was re-released on Warner Bros. Records including new studio takes of "There's a Light That Never Goes Out" and "Rubber Ring" as well as a previously unheard live album recorded in 1986. In a press release for the re-issue Morrissey said of the album "You progress only when you wonder if an abnormally scientific genius would approve – and this is the leap The Smiths took with "The Queen Is Dead"."


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: From contemporary reviews, Mark Coleman of "Rolling Stone" remarked on Morrissey's sense of humour and singled out the singer's performance on "Cemetry Gates" as a highlight, concluding that "like it or not, this guy's going to be around for a while." Writing in pop magazine "Smash Hits", Tom Hibbert gave a favourable review, stating that "the guitars are great, some of the words are marvellous, others like scratchings on a Fifth Form desk", as well as describing Morrissey as "half genius half buffoon". Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" wrote that despite his dislike of the Smiths' previous albums, he held an "instant attraction" to "The Queen Is Dead", where he found that "Morrissey wears his wit on his sleeve, dishing the queen like Johnny Rotten never did and kissing off a day-job boss who's no Mr. Sellack", which "makes it easier to go along on his moodier escapades". J. D. Considine found that the group "epitomize all that is admirable and annoying about British new music" finding the groups material "is terrifically tuneful" due to Marr's "incisive, visceral guitar work", but that Morrissey "had a tendency to wander away from conventional notions of pitch often mangling the band's melodies in the process". Considine concluded that Morrissey was "mostly in control of his voice" praising "Cemetery Gates", "Bigmouth Strikes Again" and declaring that "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" as "the most affecting performance".


title: The Queen Is Dead

text: "Pitchfork" listed "The Queen Is Dead" as the sixth-best album of the 1980s. In 2000 it was voted number 10 in Colin Larkin's "All Time Top 1000 Albums". In 2003, "The Queen Is Dead" was ranked number 216 on "Rolling Stone"s list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and 218 in a 2012 revised list. In 2006, it was named the second-greatest British album of all time by the "NME". In 2006, "Q" magazine placed the album at number three in its list of "40 Best Albums of the '80s". UK-based magazine "Clash" added "The Queen Is Dead" to its "Classic Album Hall of Fame" in its June 2011 issue, saying it "is an album to lose yourself in; it has depth, focus and some great tunes. It's easy to see why the album is held in such high esteem by Smiths fanatics and why, a decade later, it became a key influence for all things Britpop." In 2012, "Slant Magazine" listed the album at number 16 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s" and said: "There may never again be an indie-rock album as good as "The Queen Is Dead"". In 2013, "The Queen Is Dead" was ranked the greatest record of all time on the "NME"s Greatest Albums of All Time list. At "Rolling Stone", Gavin Edwards retrospectively viewed the album as "one of the funniest rock albums ever", noting that Morrissey had "learned to express his self-loathing through mockery" while Johnny Marr "matched his verbal excess with witty, supple music", and concluded, "If the queen's reaction to Morrissey was 'We are not amused,' then she was the only one."