title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: In central Punjab, Hindus are a small minority. After the partition, Hindus have been converting to Islam under pressure, particularly in Doda village near Sargodha. Due to the low population of Hindus in the Central Punjab, many of the Hindus have married Sikhs and vice versa. Intermarriages between the Hindus and Sikhs are very common there.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: The Indus river is a holy river to many Hindus, and the Government of Pakistan periodically allows small groups of Hindus from India to make pilgrimage and take part in festivities in Sindh and Punjab. Rich Pakistani Hindus go to India and release their loved ones' remains into the Ganges. Those who cannot afford the trip go to Churrio Jabal Durga Mata temple in Nagarparkar.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: According to Pakistan's National Council for Justice and Peace (NCJP) report the average literacy rate among Hindu (upper caste) is 34 percent, Hindu (scheduled castes) is 19 percent, compared to the national average of 46.56 percent. According to a 2013 survey conducted by the Pakistan Hindu Seva Welfare Trust, the literacy rate among scheduled caste Hindus in Pakistan is just 16%. The survey noted that majority of the scheduled caste Hindu families don't send their girl children to schools due to the fear of forced conversion.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: There are two laws governing Hindu marriages-Sindh Hindu Marriage act of 2016 ( applicable only in the Sindh province), Hindu marriage act of 2017 ( applicable in Islamabad Capital Territory, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces). However, there are no laws and amendments made to register a marriage between two Hindus – from one Province to another (Islamabad Capital Territory, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab).


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: The Sindh Hindu Marriage Bill was passed by the Provincial Assembly of Sindh in February 2016. This was the first Hindu Marriage act in Pakistan. It was amended in 2018 to include divorce rights, remarriage rights and financial security of the wife and children after divorce.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: At federal level, a Hindu Marriage Bill was proposed in 2016, which was unanimously approved by the National Assembly of Pakistan in 2016 and by the Senate of Pakistan in 2017. In March 2017, the Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain signed the Hindu Marriage Bill and thereby making it a law. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif also mentioned that the marriage registrars will be established in areas where Hindus stay. However, many have criticised the Clause 12(iii) of the Hindu Marriage Bill which says that "a marriage will be annulled if any of the spouses converts to another religion".


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: The Communal violence of the 1940s and the subsequent persecutions have resulted in the destruction of many Hindu temples in Pakistan, although the Hindu community and the Government of Pakistan have preserved and protected many prominent ones. Some ancient Hindu temples in Pakistan draw devotees from across faiths including Muslims.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: According to a survey, there were 428 Hindu temples in Pakistan at the time of Partition and 408 of them were now turned into toy stores, restaurants, government offices and schools. Among these 11 temples are in Sindh, four in Punjab, three in Balochistan and two in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. However, in November 2019, government of Pakistan started the restoration process for 400 Hindu temples in Pakistan. After restoration, the temples will be reopened to Hindus in Pakistan.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: The Pamwal Das Shiv Mandir, centuries-old historic temple in Baghdadi area of Lyari Town was illegally turned into a Muslim Pir and slaughterhouse for cows by Muslim clerics with the help of Baghdadi police after making series of attacks on Hindu families living in the area. The 135,000 acres of temple land is now controlled by the Evacuee Trust Property Board. The historic Kali Bari Hindu Temple has been rented out to a Muslim party in Dera Ismail Khan who converted the temple into a Hotel. The Holy Shiv Temple in Kohat has been converted into a government primary school. The Raam Kunde Complex of Temples at Saidpur village in Islamabad is now a picnic site. Another temple at Rawal Dam in Islamabad has been shut down and the Hindu community believes that the temple is going to dilapidate day by day without being handed over to them. In Punjab, a Hindu temple at Rawalpindi was destroyed and reconstructed to use as a community centre, while in Chakwal the Bhuwan temple complex is being used by the local Muslim community for commercial purposes.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: The Goraknath Temple which was closed in the 1947 was reopened in 2011 after a court ruling which ordered the Evacuee Trust Property Board to open it. Some temples were reopened and renovated in a public-private partnership like the Darya Lal Mandir in Karachi.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: In 2019, the Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan said that his government will reclaim and restore 400 temples to Hindus. Following this, the 1,000-Year-Old Shivala Teja Singh temple in Sialkot (which was closed for 72 years) and a 100-year-old Hindu temple in Balochistan was reopened.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: There has been a historical decline of Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism in the areas of Pakistan. This happened for a variety of reasons even as these religions have continued to flourish beyond the eastern frontiers of Pakistan. The region became predominantly Muslim during the rule of Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire. In general, religious conversion was a gradual process, though it is mostly attributed to the works of Sufis, some converted to Islam to gain tax relief, land grant, marriage partners, social and economic advancement, or freedom from slavery and some by force. The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Partition of India. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslims refugees from India migrated to Pakistan. Approximately 4.7 million Hindus and Sikhs moved to India while 6.5 million Muslims settled in Pakistan.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: Some Hindus in Pakistan feel that they are treated as second-class citizens and many have continued to migrate to India. According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan data, around 1,000 Hindu families fled to India in 2013. In May 2014, a member of the ruling Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Dr Ramesh Kumar Vankwani, revealed in the National Assembly of Pakistan that around 5,000 Hindus are migrating from Pakistan to India every year.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: Those Pakistani Hindus who have migrated to India allege that Hindu girls are sexually harassed in Pakistani schools and their religious practices are mocked. The Indian government is planning to issue Aadhaar cards and PAN cards to Pakistani Hindu refugees, and simplifying the process by which they can acquire Indian citizenship. In 2019, India passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 that allows the persecuted Pakistani Hindus and Sikhs who arrived in India before the end of December 2014 to obtain Indian citizenship.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: Jogendranath Mandal, Pakistan's first minister of Law and Labour, left for India in 1950, 3 years after taking office, citing anti-Hindu bias by the bureaucracy. He quoted, “I have come to the conclusion that Pakistan is no place for Hindus to live in and that their future is darkened by the ominous shadow of conversion or liquidation”.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985—a policy originally proposed by Islamist leader Abul A'la Maududi. Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process, but the policy had strong support from Islamists. Until 1999, when former military chief Pervez Musharaf overthrew Nawaz Sharif's government, non-Muslims had dual voting rights in the general elections that allowed them to not only vote for Muslim candidates on general seats, but also for their own non-Muslim candidates.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: In the aftermath of the Babri Masjid demolition, widespread violence erupted against Hindus. Shops owned by Hindus were also attacked in Sukkur, Sindh. Hindu homes and temples were also attacked in Quetta.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: In December 2020, a mob in Karak District attacked and set fire to a Hindu temple which was originally demolished in 1997 before being restored by the Pakistan Supreme Court in 2017. The head of the Pakistan Hindu Council, Ramesh Kumar Vankwani stated "“We will stage a protest in front of the Supreme Court against the attack on our temple which is one of the four largest holy sites of the Hindu community in Pakistan.” Religious discrimination remains common to this day throughout the country, and Pakistan has been designated a 'Country of Particular Concern' by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) for engaging in or tolerating "systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom".


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: The rise of Taliban insurgency in Pakistan has been an influential and increasing factor in the persecution of and non-Muslims in Pakistan. Between 2011 and 2012, twenty three Hindus were kidnapped for ransom and 13 Hindus were killed as a part of targeted killings of non-Muslims. In January 2014, a policeman standing guard outside a Hindu temple at Peshawar was gunned down. Pakistan's Supreme Court has sought a report from the government on its efforts to ensure access for the minority Hindu community to temples – the Karachi bench of the apex court was hearing applications against the alleged denial of access to the members of the minority community.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: Former Pakistan cricketer Danish Kaneria recently alleged mistreatment by team members and management for being a Hindu.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: According to the Sustainable Development Policy Institute report, "Associated with the insistence on the Ideology of Pakistan has been an essential component of hate against India and the Hindus. For the upholders of the Ideology of Pakistan, the existence of Pakistan is defined only in relation to Hindus, and hence the Hindus have to be painted as negatively as possible".


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: A 2005 report by the National Commission for Justice and Peace, a non-profit organization, found that Pakistan Studies textbooks in Pakistan have been used to articulate the hatred that Pakistani policy-makers have attempted to inculcate towards the Hindus. "From the government-issued textbooks, students are taught that Hindus are backward and superstitious", the report stated.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: In 1975, Islamiat or Islamic studies was made compulsory, resulting that a large number of minority students being forced to study Islamic Studies. In 2015, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government introduced Ethics as an alternative subject to Islamiat for non-Muslim school children in the province followed by Sindh in 2016.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: Hindu students are often forced to study as per the Islamic curriculum. It has been reported that students are taught hatred against the Hindus in Pakistan's school.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: In 2021, Single National Curriculum (SNC) was adopted by the Pakistan government in which instead of Islamiat for Muslims, the Non-Muslim students belonging to Hindu, Christian, Sikh, Kalash and Bahai religions will be taught separate books on their religion separately.


title: Hinduism in Pakistan

text: As per the new Curriculum, Hindu students from Grade 1 to 5 will study about Om symbol, Dharma, Moksha, Karma yoga, Bhakti yoga, arti song Om Jai jagdhesh with meaning, Hindu celebrations (like Ram Navmi, Diwali, Cheti Chand, Janmashtami), Hindu deities (like Ganesh, Jhulelal, Sita) Prahlad pictorial life story of Ram, Krishna, Hindu Saints like Valmiki, Mira Bai, Kabir das, Tulsi das; Sacred places of Hindus in Pakistan like Sant Nenuram Ashram, Sadhu Bela, Hinglaj Mata Mandir etc. The Brookings Institution, in a recent report evaluating the SNC, points to the phenomenon of isomorphic mimicry in which developing states “pretend to do the reforms that look like the kind of reforms that successful countries do” without actually changing much. SNC also aims at mainstreaming madrassas, which might lead to spilling over of extremist and more theological subjects into formal schools.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Meenakshi Sundareshwar is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Vivek Soni, who co-wrote the script with Aarsh Vora and produced by Karan Johar, Apoorva Mehta and Somen Mishra, under the banner Dharmatic Entertainment, the digital arm of Johar's Dharma Productions. The film stars Sanya Malhotra and Abhimanyu Dassani as the titular characters, a newly-wed couple, who were forced to live apart due to a unique job prospect and struggles with the problems arise from their long-distance marriage.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: The film which marked the directorial debut of Soni, was announced on 25 November 2020, with filming beginning on the same day, and was completed within February 2021. The film was shot in places across Karaikudi, Ooty, Mumbai and Bangalore. The film's cinematography and editing is handled by Debojeet Ray and Prashanth Ramachandran respectively. The music is composed by Justin Prabhakaran with lyrics written by Raj Shekhar.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" was premiered through the streaming service Netflix on 5 November 2021, coinciding with the Diwali festival. The film received mixed review from critics and audiences, who appreciated the performances and chemistry of Dassani and Malhotra, the musical score and soundtrack, setting, location picturisation and cinematography, but criticised the slow-paced and lengthy narration. The film, further received overwhelming criticism for the representation of Tamil people, which lacked authenticity and also being stereotypical.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Sundareshwar is an unemployed B. Tech graduate, who is uninterested in pursuing his father's saree business, and is determined to work in the Information technology sector. Under pressure from his family, he agrees to go and see a potential wife for him along with his family. Sundar and Meenakshi meet and after getting to know each other, they fall in love. It is revealed here that Sundar and his family came to the wrong house. However, Meenakshi's Grandfather persuades the families to get Meenakshi and Sundareshwar married as the Hindu gods Meenakshi (Parvathi) and Sundareshwar (Shiva) are married and he believes that this is more than a coincidence. Per the Grandfather's wishes, Meenakshi and Sundareshwar have an arranged marriage in the Meenakshi Sundareshwar temple. Following his marriage, Sundareshwar receives an internship opportunity in Bangalore, causing him to leave his hometown and his wife Meenakshi. On his first day of Internship, Sundar learns that the company exclusively hires single employees leading him to pretend to be unmarried; hence, Meenakshi can't move with him. The newlywed couple who barely know each other, struggle with the trials, tribulations, and insecurities of a long-distance relationship. Sundar, worried about Meenakshi's happiness lies about being lonely and sad which is completely not true. Meenakshi finds out that this is not the case when she decides to surprise Sundar on his birthday only to find him singing and dancing along with his friends. Hurt by this, Meenakshi leaves Sundar's apartment. The next morning, Sundar's father and nephew come along with Meenakshi to visit Sundar at his office. During this, Sundar's father learns that Sundar is a very talented engineer and forgives him for not pursuing their saree business. Sundar thanks Meenakshi as this wouldn't have happened without her. Meenakshi still heartbroken leaves Bangalore. Sundar sends Meenakshi a video message apologizing and letting her know how much she means to him and how much he misses her, but due to low wifi connection, she is not able to view it. After a few days, Meenakshi's old classmate Ananthan asks her to be a part of his company by gifting her a saree from her father-in-law's saree shop. Meenakshi not knowing about the saree accepts and wears the saree the next day causing a miscommunication between her in-laws and herself. Meenakshi feels that she is not respected by Sundar's family, which leads to her leaving their house. She later speaks to her grandfather about her hardships and her grandfather advises her to meet Sundar and talk with him. Taking the advice from her grandfather, she gives their relationship one more shot. She texts Sundar that she will meet him the next day and Sundar's colleague messages her back without Sundar's knowledge. He sends her a message to meet him at the location where Sundar's app presentation is taking place out of revenge from the first day. Sundar is shocked to see Meenakshi at his presentation as this could risk his job and yells at her. Meenakshi tearfully leaves and Sundar finds out that his colleague was behind all of this and runs to apologize to her, but she was long gone by then. Sundar leaves mid presentation to go see Meenakshi where he finds her at Rajnikanth's movie premiere of Darbar. Meenakshi forgives Sundar and the movie ends with them embracing each other.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: In September 2019, Karan Johar announced the partnership of Dharmatic Entertainment, the digital arm of Johar's Dharma Productions, with Netflix to present their original contents. As a part of the deal, three films — the anthology drama "Ghost Stories", "Guilty" and an untitled film with Vivek Soni was announced. On 25 November 2020, the aforementioned project was later titled as "Meenakshi Sundareshwar", with Abhimanyu Dassani and Sanya Malhotra in the leading roles. The film set in Madurai, Tamil Nadu explores "a young couple and how they deal with trials and tribulations of life". Soni stated that "I love this genre of love stories and this theme of long-distance relationships is such a universal team, it's such a relatable theme, that was a reason I really wanted to explore it and wanted it to be the theme of my first film."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: He further added about the setting and characterisation of the film, in an interview with Bollywood Hungama, saying: "The story organically blends into the setting of Madurai because the film is called "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" and the basic incident which happens in the family, the reason the both of them get married is because of the fact that both their first names together make the famous temple of Madurai. In order to make it visually stand out, that is also one reason. Hindi films are not often set in South India, its great to visually explore that landscape that has not been milked before much."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: This is the debut film directorial of Vivek Soni. He earlier directed a short film "Bawdi" (2012), which received critical acclaim and was also featured as a segment in the anthology film "Chaar Cutting" (2015). He worked as an assistant director in the romantic-comedy film "Hasee Toh Phasee" (2014), produced by Johar's Dharma Productions and also co-ordinated visual effects for "Ra.One" (2011) and "Vishwaroopam" (2013). For the female lead role, Soni initially narrated the script to Alia Bhatt; he worked as an assistant director in "Shaandaar" (2015) and "Udta Punjab" (2016), which starred Bhatt. Despite, both the director and the actor being in touch, she could not play the role due to her commitments in several projects, which was offered to Sanya Malhotra. However, Bhatt, impressed by the scripting and characterisation, had contacted Johar to produce the project.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Both, Dassani and Malhotra play the titular characters in the film. Speaking about the characterisation of the leads, Malhotra stated, "Meenakshi and Sundareshwar are two very different personalities. Meenakshi is very confident, she's out there, she speaks her mind whereas Sundar is very reticent and shy. So, there is definitely a distance between these two [...] But what is endearing about their relationship is that despite being two opposite people, they don't want each other to change. They are ready to grow together and that's very special, I feel".


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Principal photography began on 25 November 2020, the date of the film's announcement. It was initially set to begin in mid-March 2020, but was interrupted due to the COVID-19 lockdown in India. During the long period, Soni decided to work on the characterisation of the two leads. Dassani stated that "we [Dassani and Malhotra] had intense readings before we started shooting for the film. The film was actually supposed to be shot before the first lockdown. Half of the people (from the film's unit) had left Bombay to shoot for the first schedule but they were called back because the lockdown was happening [...] So, we got enough time during the lockdown to understand the characters and live with them for a while, which in this day and age is tough to do because we're moving on from one project to another". The shooting took places in three schedules: across Karaikudi, Ooty and Bangalore and wrapped on 10 February 2021.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: The film's soundtrack album and score is composed by Justin Prabhakaran, making his debut in Bollywood film music scene. As the film is set in Madurai, Johar wanted a South Indian-based musician to create authentic music based on that culture, which will also have a Bollywood touch. Impressed by his work in "Dear Comrade" (2019), Johar who acquired the remake rights of the film, hired Prabhakaran to score music for "Meenakshi Sundareshwar". The album has a running time of 37 minutes, which has 11 tunes; seven songs and four themes. Raj Shekhar served as the primary lyricists for all the tracks. Benny Dayal, Abhay Jodhpurkar, Madhushree, Shreya Ghoshal, Sadhana Sargam, Romy, Aanandi Joshi, Goldie Sohel, Lavita Lobo amongst others, along with South Indian artists Bjorn Surrao, Mohana Bhogaraju, Hemambika and Anthony Daasan performed the vocals. The soundtrack to the film was released by Sony Music India on 1 November 2021 and received positive response from critics.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Karan Johar, who produced the film under Dharmatic Entertainment, the digital arm of his studio Dharma Productions, roped Justin Prabhakaran for the film's soundtrack and score, after being impressed by his work in "Dear Comrade" (2019), where he had bought the rights for the Hindi remake. Since, the film is set in the backdrop of Madurai, Johar wanted a South Indian musician to create authentic music based on that culture, which will also have a Bollywood touch. In an interview with the Chennai-based magazine "Ananda Vikatan", Prabhakaran said that he used Carnatic and South Indian instruments imported from Tamil Nadu, to have this approach and wanted to be liked by all kinds of audiences, irrespective of language barriers.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: The album has a running time of 37 minutes, which has 11 tunes; seven songs and four themes composed by Justin Prabhakaran. Raj Shekhar served as the primary lyricists for all the tracks. Benny Dayal, Abhay Jodhpurkar, Madhushree, Shreya Ghoshal, Sadhana Sargam, Romy, Aanandi Joshi, Goldie Sohel, Lavita Lobo amongst others, along with South Indian artists Bjorn Surrao, Mohana Bhogaraju, Hemambika and Anthony Daasan performed the vocals.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: While composing the tracks for the musical album, Justin had made use of classical instruments such as santoor, shehnai and veena so as to bring a sense of ethnicity to the soundtrack. Raj Shekhar, the lyricist included few Tamil words in the lyric writing process, as based to the setting, since Vivek Soni wanted a flavour of Tamil Nadu in the songs; Prabhakaran sent few of the tunes to Shekhar with Tamil colloquial words being included with dummy lyrics.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: In the process of lyric writing, for the tracks "Tittar Bittar" and "Mann Kesar Kesar", Shekhar used Tanglish lyrics since few Tamil people speak in that way. For the latter, he used the word "Kanmani" (), as Shekhar loved the sound of the word, which he felt apt to use for the album. Few lines from the tracks were repeatedly occurred twice since the "film is about a couple, so using certain words as a pair also served the theme of the film well". The track "Tu Yahin Hai" depicts the emotions of the couple who are in a long-distance marriage. Shekhar wrote the track, with his experiences about being in a long-distance relationship in mind. About the writing process of "Vaada Machaney", he said, "coding is as poetic as writing a song. Engineers are not less creative in any way". As a result, words about coding and programming were included as he felt that coding is as poetic as writing a song.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Besides Shekhar, Bjorn Surrao and Anthony Daasan also wrote lyrics for one track each, "Thalaivaa" and "Down and Dirty", and also gave vocals to the tracks. "Thalaivaa", a song serving as a tribute to the actor Rajinikanth, featured in the film as Meenakshi's (Sanya) character being a hardcore fan of the actor. "Down and Dirty" is a reggae track, a popular music genre originated in Jamaica. The album further included four instrumental tracks, including the theme music of the film. These themes were picturised on the perspective of the lead pair (Abhimanyu and Sanya), and the separation during the long-distance relationship. The track "First Kiss" is highly inspired from the flute theme composed by Harris Jayaraj for "Minnale" (2000). "Waltz With Meenakshi", another track from the instrumental score was produced and orchestrated by Budapest Scoring Orchestra, which worked in several Indian and International albums.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: On the pop-culture event Tudum Festival sponsored by Netflix on 25 September 2021, a musical promo of the film (featuring the song "Tu Yahin Hai") was unveiled through the official YouTube channel of Netflix India. Later, on 1 October 2021, Sony Music India released the full song through the music streaming platforms. The song had vocals by Abhay Jodhpurkar, Madhushree and Resmi Sateesh. Describing about the song, "India Today" stated it as "a soulful track that will stir your heart". "Hindustan Times", gave a positive review praising the composition and the vocals of Madhushree, the female singer, saying it as "pleasant" and "sweet to hear, reminding of old classical songs". The track "Tittar Bittar", featured an animated lyrical video released through Netflix India's official YouTube channel on 15 October 2021, with its audio version being unveiled the same day. The third song "Mann Kesar Kesar", sung by Shashwat Singh and Aanandi Joshi, was released on 25 October. The song is picturised on the couple's wedding in a traditional South Indian culture.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: A reviewer from "The Times of India", praised the soundtrack, calling it as "pleasant to the ears" and stated that the lyrics written by Raj Shekhar "displayed a fine range". Devarsi listed the track "Tittar Bittar" in the "Best of 2021 soundtracks (Indian Music)" of "Scroll.in", and gave a description on the track saying "it entertainingly illustrates the protagonists' cross-cultural aspirations from childhood to adulthood via their teen years within four and a half minutes". Describing about "the highs and lows of Hindi film music in 2021", Devesh Sharma of "Filmfare" listed the soundtrack and stated that "the unique South Indian touch to the album, makes this extensively different from other Bollywood musicals". Avinash Ramachandran of Cinema Express, stated the album as a "standout" from the entire film, saying "Justin [Prabhakaran] goes on to prove what authenticity can do to a film like this. The sounds and music complement the lush visuals of the setting and keeps the film grounded."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: In Sukanya Verma's article for "Rediff.com", about "Bollywood's Best Songs of 2021", the track "Tittar Bittar" was chosen in the list, for which Verma had stated "Raj Shekhar's quirky lines, Justin Prabhakaran's effervescent tune and a hoard of animated singers shift mood and tempo in such a delightful way on screen and speaker, there's no way you can escape its swaying effect." "Filmibeat"-based critic Madhuri V. listed the album as one of the "Best Hindi film album of 2021".


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" was announced as a part of Netflix India's original programming for the 2021 slate. On 25 September 2021, a musical glimpse of the film was released at the Tudum Festival, a pop-culture fan event. Later, the team released a "matrimonial alliance promo" featuring the lead actors on 11 October 2021, with a teaser and a trailer from the film being unveiled on 12 and 21 October 2021. The film premiered on Netflix on 5 November 2021, coinciding with Diwali festival.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Hiren Kotwani from "The Times of India" gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and stated "Director Vivek Soni has taken the road less travelled by opting for a subject like this, on long-distance relationships, and how the protagonists enjoy the few ups and cope with the many downs. However, it looks like they took the ‘long’ of the distance between the couple a bit too seriously and it reflects in the film's length. At times, the narrative drags and you wonder when it will get to the next point. And after that, it looks like the makers were in a hurry to resolve the conflict and quickly arrive at a solution before time runs out [...] Discounting the dragging parts, "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" is worth a watch for hatke subject of long-distance marriage, Sanya and Abhimanyu's effective performances, Justin Prabhakaran's fabulous soundtrack, and the right southern flavour for this Madurai and Bangalore based story." Shubhra Gupta from "The Indian Express" gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said, "The film is not interested in either satirizing or sending up the whole arranged marriage thing. It is what it is, and it is the lived reality of millions of young Indians who live in their parental homes with their wives and children, squabbling and harmonising as they go along [...] But where the film falters is not giving us a believable conflict which becomes the sticking point between the couple forced into living apart, in two cities."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Editor-in-chief of "The Hindu", Anuj Kumar, wrote that "It is a kind of film that won't keep you awake but provides talk-points for dinner table discussion [...] Had it been mounted as a comedy, we would have played along but here, the conceit and self-awareness are hard to ignore." Saibal Chatterjee from "NDTV" gave the film 2.5 stars (out of 5) and stated that ""Meenakshi Sundareshwar" would not have, like its two principal characters, needed either divine intervention or the love of Rajinikanth for its marriage of intention and execution to work, if the writing eschewed the laboured pre-climactic twists and demonstrated greater flair. Its inconsistencies and the inert stretches notwithstanding, "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" papers over at least some of its flaws with its beguiling simplicity." Anna M. M. Vetticad of "Firstpost" gave two stars out of five and wrote, ""Meenakshi Sundareshwar" has many of its nuts and bolts in place, but is lost to poor writing and to direction that confuses uneventfulness with realism, made worse by the inexorable running time. Even its goal of upholding one of the fixtures of Indian culture – the arranged marriage – remains unmet since it has no compelling arguments to offer. It may well be argued that this unquestioning acceptance of tradition accurately reflects most Indian homes. But if this film's aim was to romanticise tradition, then its lack of energy and spark makes it a really bad ad for arranged marriages."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Nandini Ramnath of "Scroll.in" wrote, "The film embraces the stereotype and then tries to subvert it with a zeal that can only be admired. It has read up on the broad elements that constitute community identity and then laid out its findings with full-blooded chutzpah." Anupama Chopra, editor-in-chief of "Film Companion", stated the film as "an opposite to "Haseen Dillruba", where the latter give us a twisted take on the aftermath of marrying a stranger, Meenakshi and Sundareshwar make a solid case for why it continues to be the preferred mode for so many young people", concluding it as "the film does not realise its full potential but it is sweet and undemanding enough". Writing for the same website, Vikas Yadav criticised the film as "a stale story with a glossy package".


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Sukanya Verma, in her review for "Rediff.com" gave three stars saying, ""Meenakshi Sundareshwar" is a Basu Chatterjee slice-of-life packaged in a glossy ad film whose source of heart are its two genuinely likeable leads". In contrast, giving a rating of one-and-a-half stars out of five, Stutee Ghosh from "The Quint", called it as a "snooze fest" and further wrote, "The most frustrating thing about "Meenakshi Sundareshwa"r is that we keep waiting for something to happen and nothing ever does. Soni's determination to whip up complications where there are none and craft outlandish scenes that mean nothing in the larger scheme of things add to the discomfort."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" received criticism for the stereotypical portrayal of people living in Tamil Nadu. Although, the director, "Vivek Soni" and "Abhimanyu Dassani" initially dismissed on referencing to the "Tamil stereotypes" and claimed that they "did not insult any community in particular", cinephiles were worried about the inauthentic representation of Tamil Nadu people in the film and further called out for the same. Writing for "The News Minute", "Bharathy Singaravel" who is a Chennai-based reviewer, criticised the film for the "Tamil stereotypes that Bollywood had subjected to, for several years", calling out the team for "the lack of research on how Tamil communities and their lifestyle is portrayed in Hindi films". Anuj Kumar of "The Hindu", too concerned about the one-dimensional portrayal of Tamil people saying it is mostly due to the success of dubbed films from South India in the Hindi market pushed the makers to try something original, where a story set in the South Indian milieu is made into a Hindi film. But further said that "the storyline doesn't offer any reason as to why in a film set in Madurai, the heart of Tamil Nadu, South Indian characters are speaking in Hindi". A reviewer from "Sify", called the film as a "modern and regressive" for the stereotypical portrayal and further went on to say "while you applaud Sanya Malhotra's name leading the credits (rightly so), you feel disappointed at the same old trope presented in a shiny, new wrapper".


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Saraswati Datar of "The Indian Express" pointed out the inauthenticity of Tamil culture in the film, where "the characters are pulled out from the Dharma handbook on writing Tamilian characters". She compared the portrayal of Tamil culture in two different aspects, citing the second season of "The Family Man" web series, where the team had cast Tamil actors and including different Tamil dialects and questioning the responsibility of Dharma Productions on why it fails to "make even half the effort at authenticity". Avinash Ramachandran, a Chennai-based reviewer from "Cinema Express", also criticised the stereotypes, but praised the other aspects, which made the film "having the potential to be a take on traditional relationships finding its standing in the modern way of life". Vandana Menon of "ThePrint" also stated it as "onslaught of stereotypes about South India", further saying, "It's a film about Tamil culture made by non-South Indians, who are extremely focused on convincing you otherwise. They attempt to do so by converting Tamil culture — and essentialising South Indian culture — into an 'aesthetic'. But in the process of creating it, the film lacks basics."


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Tamil Nadu-based magazine, "Ananda Vikatan", criticised the film for its stereotypic portrayal of Tamil culture. The writer went on to say that beyond Rajinikanth, filter coffee, Jigarthanda and people wearing Kanchipuram silk saris, Tamil Nadu is a lot more and has been since several years. They felt that except in the name of the title ("Meenakshi Sundareshwar"), there is nothing about Tamil in the film.


title: Meenakshi Sundareshwar

text: Upon release, "Meenakshi Sundareshwar" became the third-most watched film on Netflix with about 2.8 million views in the first week of its release, and has been trended at the first position in India, while being listed at one of the top-ten trending lists in several East Asian countries. It further became the fourth-most watched non-English films across the world within two weeks, and continued being one of the top ten non-English Netflix films in the world for three consecutive weeks. As of five weeks, the film has been viewed by 4.13 million households since its premiere, and became the third-top most viewed Hindi films on the streaming platform, only behind "Dhamaka" and "Sooryavanshi".


title: Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2013

text: The "Billboard" Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Its data, published by "Billboard" magazine and compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as airplay and streaming. Throughout a year, "Billboard" will publish an annual list of the 100 most successful songs throughout that year on the Hot 100 chart based on the information. For 2013, the list was published on December 13, calculated with data from December 1, 2012 to November 30, 2013.


text: "Thrift Shop" by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz topped the Year-End Hot 100 chart, with a total of 7,208,000 copies sold in the US. Macklemore and Ryan Lewis's single "Can't Hold Us" featuring Ray Dalton also appeared in the list at number five, making the duo the fourth act to have two singles in the top five of the Year-End Hot 100 list. The second best-selling single of 2013 was "Blurred Lines" by Robin Thicke featuring T.I. and Pharrell, having sold 6,380,000 copies in the country. Meanwhile, "Radioactive" by Imagine Dragons and "Harlem Shake" by Baauer was listed on the list at number three and four, respectively.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Christopher Sean Lowe (born 4 October 1959) is an English musician, singer and songwriter, and co-founder of the synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, which he formed with Neil Tennant in 1981.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Lowe attended Arnold School, an independent school in his home town Blackpool, Lancashire. Whilst at school, he played trombone in a seven-piece dance band called One Under the Eight that played old-time favourites like "Hello Dolly", "La Bamba" and "Moon River". Lowe's grandfather had been a trombonist and was a member of comedy jazz troupe The Nitwits. Lowe also learned to play the piano.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Lowe studied architecture at the University of Liverpool from 1978 but, as he stated on television appearances and in the "Life in Pop" documentary, never graduated, due to the formation of Pet Shop Boys. During a work placement in 1981 at a London architectural practice, he designed a staircase for an industrial estate in Milton Keynes. It was at this time that he met Neil Tennant in a hi-fi shop on King's Road in London.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Lowe generally performs as the Pet Shop Boys' keyboardist; he occasionally provides spoken-word vocals.


title: Chris Lowe

text: On the songs "I Want A Lover" and "What Have I Done to Deserve This?," Lowe played trombone, which he studied at school.


title: Chris Lowe

text: In 1993 he wrote and produced the track "Do the Right Thing" for the footballer Ian Wright (Lowe is a passionate Arsenal F.C. fan). The song featured backing vocals by the long-time Pet Shop Boys' backing singer, Sylvia Mason-James, and the single featured remixes by Rollo.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Two years later, Lowe had a cameo in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours". His appearance was filmed whilst Pet Shop Boys were touring that country.


title: Chris Lowe

text: In 2004, he was commissioned to do music for an advertisement for the sunscreen brand Blockhead. The song ended up in a remixed version on a "Café Mambo" chill-out compilation.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Two years later, he wrote the music for the song "Streets of Berlin", featured in the revival of "Bent" at the Trafalgar Studios in Whitehall.


title: Chris Lowe

text: In 2011, Lowe appeared as featured vocalist on Stop Modernists's cover version of the New Order song "Subculture". This was the first time he had appeared as vocals on a non-Pet Shop Boys' project.


title: Chris Lowe

text: Lowe adopts an understated public presence, often wearing sportswear and with his eyes hidden behind sunglasses. In Pet Shop Boys videos and photoshoots he is often seen looking on as a spectator standing slightly behind Tennant. In live performances he rarely interacts with the audience and often stands still while playing keyboards. In 1995, "The Guardian" commented that he was "possibly more famous for not doing anything than almost anyone else in the history of popular entertainment."


title: Chris Lowe

text: A "Guardian" profile of the group from 1993 noted that Lowe's image of "silent Chris walking two steps behind singing Neil" was an intentional choice, developed in discussion with photographer and music video director Eric Watson; Watson has commented that "Chris didn't want to be seen playing keyboards or anything. We realised there was something about somebody singing and somebody else doing nothing – just looking, then looking away – that adds a hideous tension."


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Rodgers and Hammerstein was a theatre-writing team of composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and lyricist-dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II (1895–1960), who together created a series of innovative and influential American musicals. Their popular Broadway productions in the 1940s and 1950s initiated what is considered the "golden age" of musical theatre. Five of their Broadway shows, "Oklahoma!", "Carousel", "South Pacific", "The King and I" and "The Sound of Music", were outstanding successes, as was the television broadcast of "Cinderella" (1957). Of the other four shows that the team produced on Broadway during their lifetimes, "Flower Drum Song" was well-received, and none was an outright flop. Most of their shows have received frequent revivals around the world, both professional and amateur. Among the many accolades their shows (and film versions) garnered were thirty-four Tony Awards, fifteen Academy Awards, two Pulitzer Prizes (for "Oklahoma!", 1944, and "South Pacific", 1950) and two Grammy Awards.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: At Columbia University, Rodgers and Hammerstein collaborated on the 1920 Varsity Show, "Fly With Me". The songs for the show were originally written by Rodgers (a freshman) and Lorenz Hart. Hammerstein, who was on the judging committee, added two songs in the revising stage. Although Rodgers did not work with Hammerstein again until "Oklahoma!", they achieved success independently from each other. Rodgers continued to collaborate for more than two decades with Hart. Among their many Broadway hits were the shows "A Connecticut Yankee" (1927), "Babes in Arms" (1937), "The Boys from Syracuse" (1938), "Pal Joey" (1940), and "By Jupiter" (1942), as well as many successful film projects.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Hammerstein, a co-writer of the popular Rudolf Friml 1924 operetta "Rose-Marie", and Sigmund Romberg operettas "The Desert Song" (1926) and "The New Moon" (1928), began a successful collaboration with composer Jerome Kern on "Sunny" (1925), which was a hit. Their 1927 musical "Show Boat" is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the American musical theatre. Other Hammerstein/Kern collaborations include "Sweet Adeline" (1929) and "Very Warm for May" (1939). Although the last of these was panned by critics, it contains one of Kern and Hammerstein's best-loved songs, "All the Things You Are".


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: By the early 1940s, Hart had sunk deeper into alcoholism and emotional turmoil, and he became unreliable, prompting Rodgers to approach Hammerstein to ask if he would consider working with him.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Independently of each other, Rodgers and Hammerstein had been attracted to making a musical based on Lynn Riggs' stage play "Green Grow the Lilacs". When Jerome Kern declined Hammerstein's offer to work on such a project and Hart refused Rodgers' offer to do the same, Rodgers and Hammerstein began their first collaboration. The result, "Oklahoma!" (1943), marked a revolution in musical drama. Although not the first musical to tell a story of emotional depth and psychological complexity, "Oklahoma!" introduced a number of new storytelling elements and techniques. These included its use of song and dance to convey and advance both plot and character, rather than act as a diversion from the story, and the firm integration of every song into the plot-line.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: "Oklahoma!" was originally called "Away We Go!" and opened at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven in March 1943. Only a few changes were made before it opened on Broadway, but three would prove significant: the addition of a show-stopping number, "Oklahoma!"; the deletion of the musical number "Boys and Girls Like You and Me", which would soon after be replaced with a reprise of "People Will Say We're in Love"; and the decision to re-title the musical after the song.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: The original Broadway production opened on March 31, 1943, at the St. James Theatre. Although the typical musical of the time was usually written around the talents of a specific performer, such as Ethel Merman or Fred Astaire, no stars were used in the production. Ultimately the original cast included Alfred Drake (Curly), Joan Roberts (Laurey), Celeste Holm (Ado Annie), Howard Da Silva (Jud Fry), Betty Garde (Aunt Eller), Lee Dixon (Will Parker) and Joseph Bulloff (Ali Hakim). Marc Platt danced the role of "Dream Curly", and Katharine Sergava danced the part of "Dream Laurey". In "Oklahoma!", the story and the songs were considered more important than sheer star power. Nevertheless, the production ran for a then-unprecedented 2,212 performances, finally closing on May 29, 1948. Many enduring musical standards come from this show, among them "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'", "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top", "I Cain't Say No", the aforementioned "People Will Say We're in Love", and "Oklahoma!". The popularity of these songs prompted Decca Records to have the original cast record the music from the show with the original orchestrations. This became the first musical to have an original cast recording, which is now a standard practice.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: In 1955 it was made into an Academy Award-winning musical film, the first feature shot with the Todd-AO 70 mm widescreen process. The film starred Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones, and its soundtrack was No. 1 on the 1956 album charts.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: After their initial success with "Oklahoma!", the pair took a break from working together and Hammerstein concentrated on the musical "Carmen Jones", a Broadway version of Bizet's "Carmen" with the characters changed to African Americans in the contemporary South, for which he wrote the book and lyrics. The musical was adapted to the screen in 1954, and scored a Best Actress Oscar nomination for leading lady Dorothy Dandridge. Rodgers and Hammerstein also received a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for "Oklahoma!".


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: The original production of "Carousel" was directed by Rouben Mamoulian and opened at Broadway's Majestic Theatre on April 19, 1945, running for 890 performances and closing on May 24, 1947. The cast included John Raitt, Jan Clayton, Jean Darling, Christine Johnson and Bambi Linn. From this show came the hit musical numbers "The Carousel Waltz" (an instrumental), "If I Loved You", "June Is Bustin' Out All Over", and "You'll Never Walk Alone".


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: "Carousel" was also revolutionary for its time – adapted from Ferenc Molnár's play "Liliom", it was one of the first musicals to contain a tragic plot about an antihero; it also contained an extended ballet that was crucial to the plot, and several extended musical scenes containing both sung and spoken material, as well as dance. The 1956 film version of "Carousel", made in CinemaScope 55, again starred Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones, the same leads as the film version of "Oklahoma!"


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: "Carousel" is also unique among the Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals for not having an overture; both the stage and film versions began with the familiar "Carousel Waltz". This music was included in John Mauceri's Philips Records CD of the complete overtures of Rodgers and Hammerstein with the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra. It was also included in Rodgers' rare 1954 album for Columbia Records with the composer conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: In 1945, a Technicolor musical film version of Phil Stong's novel "State Fair", with songs and script by Rodgers and Hammerstein, was released. The film, a remake of a 1933 non-musical Will Rogers film of the same name, starred Jeanne Crain, Dana Andrews, Dick Haymes, and Vivian Blaine. This was the only time the pair ever wrote a score directly for film. It was a great success, winning Rodgers and Hammerstein their lone Oscar together, for the song "It Might as Well Be Spring", but it was also unadventurous material for them, compared with several of their Broadway shows. In 1962, an unsuccessful remake of the musical film was released.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: In 1969, the St. Louis Municipal Opera presented the world stage premiere of "State Fair" starring Ozzie and Harriet Nelson. The production was directed by James Hammerstein, supervised by Richard Rodgers and choreographed by Tommy Tune. "State Fair" finally arrived on Broadway on March 27, 1996, with Donna McKechnie and Andrea McArdle, produced by David Merrick, and received five Tony Award nominations.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: South Pacific opened on Broadway on April 7, 1949, and ran for over five years. Its songs "Bali Ha'i", "Younger Than Springtime", and "Some Enchanted Evening" have become standards. The play is based upon two short stories by James A. Michener from his book "Tales of the South Pacific", which itself was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948. For their adaptation, Rodgers and Hammerstein, along with co-writer Joshua Logan, won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1950. The song "You've Got to Be Carefully Taught" was controversial due to its support of interracial marriage. Rodgers and Hammerstein refused to remove it from the show, even if it meant the show failing. When the show was touring in Atlanta, Georgia, it offended some Georgian lawmakers, who proposed a bill to outlaw any entertainment they deemed to be inspired by Moscow.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: In the original production, Mary Martin starred as the heroine Nellie Forbush, and opera star Ezio Pinza starred as Emile de Becque, the French plantation owner. Also in the cast were Juanita Hall, Myron McCormick and Betta St. John. The 1958 film version, also directed by Logan, starred Mitzi Gaynor, Rossano Brazzi, John Kerr, Ray Walston, and Juanita Hall. Brazzi, Kerr, and Hall had their singing dubbed by others.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Based on Margaret Landon's "Anna and the King of Siam"—the story of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s—Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical The King and I opened on Broadway on March 29, 1951, starring Gertrude Lawrence as Anna and the mostly unknown Yul Brynner as the king. This musical featured the hit songs "I Whistle a Happy Tune", "Hello, Young Lovers", "Getting to Know You", "We Kiss in a Shadow", "Something Wonderful", "I Have Dreamed", and "Shall We Dance?"


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: It was adapted for film in 1956 with Brynner re-creating his role opposite Deborah Kerr (whose singing was largely dubbed by Marni Nixon). Brynner won an Oscar as Best Actor for his portrayal, and Kerr was nominated as Best Actress. Brynner reprised the role twice on Broadway in 1977 and 1985 and in a short-lived TV sitcom in 1972, "Anna and the King".


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Based on the fairytale character and story of Cinderella, Rodgers and Hammerstein created their only collaborative effort written for television. "Cinderella" aired on March 31, 1957, on CBS. More than 107 million viewers saw the broadcast, and Julie Andrews was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in the title role. Rodgers and Hammerstein originally signed to work with NBC, but CBS approached them, offering the chance to work with Julie Andrews, and the two quickly agreed. Rodgers stated, "What won us over was the chance to work with Julie." Andrews played Cinderella, with Edith Adams as the Fairy Godmother, Kaye Ballard and Alice Ghostley as stepsisters Joy and Portia, and Jon Cypher as Prince Christopher. Though it was broadcast in color, and the major networks all had the new (B&W) videotape recorders from Ampex, a black and white kinescope is all that remains. It featured songs still treasured today, "In My Own Little Corner", "Ten Minutes Ago" and "Impossible: It's Possible." After the success of the 1957 production, another version was presented in 1965 and shown annually on CBS, starring Lesley Ann Warren, Celeste Holm and Walter Pidgeon, and yet another television version in 1997 on ABC, produced by Walt Disney Television, starring Brandy, Whitney Houston, Bernadette Peters, and Whoopi Goldberg. Stage versions were also presented in London and elsewhere, and the musical finally was given a Broadway production, with a revised book by Douglas Carter Beane, and incorporating four songs from the Rodgers and Hammerstein catalogue, in 2013.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Based on a 1957 novel by C. Y. Lee, "Flower Drum Song" takes place in San Francisco's Chinatown in the late 1950s. The original 1958 production was directed by dancer/singer/actor Gene Kelly. The story deals with a young Chinese woman who illegally comes to America in hopes of marrying a wealthy young Chinese-American man, who is already in love with a Chinatown nightclub dancer. The young man's parents are traditional Chinese and want him to marry the new Chinese immigrant, but he is hesitant until he falls in love with her. Though this musical did not achieve the popularity of the team's five most famous musicals, it was nevertheless a success and broke new ground by using a mostly Asian cast. The 1961 film adaptation was a lavish, but much criticized, Ross Hunter production released by Universal Studios. A Broadway revival in 2002 starring Lea Salonga had a rewritten plot by playwright David Henry Hwang but retained the inter-generational and immigrant themes as well as most of the original songs.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: "The Sound of Music", Rodgers and Hammerstein's last work together, is based on the story of the Austrian Von Trapp Family. Starring Mary Martin as Maria and Theodore Bikel as Captain von Trapp, it opened on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, garnering much praise and numerous awards. It has been frequently revived ever since. The show was made into a film in 1965 starring Julie Andrews as Maria and Christopher Plummer as the Captain. It won five Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director, Robert Wise. Hammerstein died in August 1960, before the film was made, so when Rodgers was asked to create two new songs for the film ("I Have Confidence" and "Something Good"), he wrote the lyrics as well as the music. "The Sound of Music" contains more hit songs than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, and the film version was the most financially successful film adaptation of a Broadway musical ever made. The most enduring of these include the title song, "Do-Re-Mi", "My Favorite Things", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "So Long, Farewell" and "Sixteen Going on Seventeen". "Edelweiss" was the last song that Rodgers and Hammerstein wrote together.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Rodgers and Hammerstein re-worked the musical theatre genre. Early 20th-century musicals, except for the Princess Theatre musicals and a few important examples like Hammerstein and Jerome Kern's "Show Boat", were usually whimsical or farcical, and typically built around a star. Because the efforts of Rodgers and Hammerstein were so successful, many musicals that followed contained thought-provoking plots with mature themes, and in which all the aspects of the play, dance, song, and drama, were combined in an integrated whole. Stephen Sondheim has cited Rodgers and Hammerstein as having had a crucial influence on his work.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Rodgers and Hammerstein also use the technique of what some call the "formula musical". While some hail this approach, others criticize it for its predictability. The term "formula musical" may refer to a musical with a predictable plot, but it also refers to the casting requirements of Rodgers & Hammerstein characters. Typically, any musical from this team will have the casting of a strong baritone lead, a dainty and light soprano lead, a supporting lead tenor, and a supporting alto lead. Although there are exceptions to this generalization, it simplifies the audition process and gives audiences an idea of what to expect vocally from a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical. However, this formula had been used in Viennese operetta, such as "The Merry Widow".


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird wrote that "Oklahoma!", "like "Show Boat", became a milestone, so that later historians writing about important moments in twentieth-century theatre would begin to identify eras according to their relationship to "Oklahoma!"" In "The Complete Book of Light Opera", Mark Lubbock adds, "After "Oklahoma!", Rodgers and Hammerstein were the most important contributors to the musical-play form – with such masterworks as "Carousel", "The King and I" and "South Pacific". The examples they set in creating vital plays, often rich with social thought, provided the necessary encouragement for other gifted writers to create musical plays of their own."


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: In 1950, the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." They were also honored in 1999 with a United States Postal Service stamp commemorating their partnership. The Richard Rodgers Theatre in New York City is named after Rodgers. "Forbes" named Rodgers and Hammerstein second on its list of top-earning dead celebrities in 2009 at $235 million. In 2010, the original film arrangements of the team's music were restored and performed at the Proms concerts in London's Royal Albert Hall by the John Wilson Orchestra.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Rodgers and Hammerstein appeared on live telecasts several times. They were guests on the very first broadcast of "Toast of the Town", the original name of "The Ed Sullivan Show", when it debuted on CBS in June 1948. In 1954, they appeared on a memorable TV musical special, "". They were the mystery guests on episode number 298 of "What's My Line", which first aired on February 19, 1956; blindfolded panelist Arlene Francis was able to correctly identify them.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: The pair made a rare feature film appearance in MGM's 1953 production "Main Street to Broadway", in which Rodgers played the piano and Hammerstein sang a song they had written. They also appeared in the trailer for the film version of "South Pacific" in 1958.


title: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: While Rodgers and Hammerstein's work contains cheerful and often uplifting songs, they departed from the comic and sentimental tone of early 20th century musicals by seriously addressing issues such as racism, sexism and classism in many of their works. For example, "Carousel" concerns domestic violence, while "South Pacific" addresses racism. Based on the true story of the von Trapp family, "The Sound of Music" explores the views of Austrians on the takeover of Austria by Nazi Germany.


title: Roe deer

text: The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, from Scotland to the Caucasus, and east to northern Iran and Iraq.


title: Roe deer

text: English "roe" is from Old English "rā" or "rāha", from Proto-Germanic "*raihô", cognate with Old Norse "rá", Old Saxon "rēho", Middle Dutch and Dutch "ree", Old High German "rēh", "rēho", "rēia", German "Reh". It is perhaps ultimately derived from a PIE root "*rei-", meaning "streaked, spotted or striped".


title: Roe deer

text: The word is attested on the 5th-century Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus -a roe deer talus bone, written in Elder Futhark as , transliterated as "raïhan".


title: Roe deer

text: In the English language, this deer was originally simply called a 'roe', but over time the word 'roe' has become a qualifier, and it is now usually called 'roe deer'.


title: Roe deer

text: The Koiné Greek name "πύγαργος", transliterated 'pygargos', mentioned in the Septuagint and the works of various writers such as Hesychius, Herodotus and later Pliny, was originally thought to refer to this species (in many European translations of the Bible), although it is now more often believed to refer to the Addax. It is derived from the words ' 'buttocks' and ' 'white'.


title: Roe deer

text: The taxonomic name "Capreolus" is derived from "capra" or "caprea", meaning 'billy goat', with the diminutive suffix -"olus". The meaning of this word in Latin is not entirely clear: it may have meant 'ibex' or 'chamois'. The roe was also known as "capraginus" or "capruginus" in Latin.


title: Roe deer

text: Linnaeus first described the roe deer in the modern taxonomic system as "Cervus capreolus" in 1758. The initially monotypic genus "Capreolus" was first proposed by John Edward Gray in 1821, although he did not provide a proper description for this taxon. Gray was not actually the first to use the name "Capreolus", it has been used by other authors before him. Nonetheless his publication is seen as taxonomically acceptable. He was generally ignored until the 20th century, most 19th-century works having continued to follow Linnaeus.


title: Roe deer

text: Roe deer populations gradually become somewhat larger as one moves further to the east, peaking in Kazakhstan, then becoming smaller again towards the Pacific Ocean. The Soviet mammalogist Vladimir Sokolov had recognised this as a separate species from 1985 already using electrophoretic chromatography to show differences in the fractional protein content of the body tissues, the next year he showed that there were differences in the skull morphology, and a year after he used sonographs to demonstrate that the fawns, females and males made very different noises between species.


title: Roe deer

text: Alexander S. Graphodatsky looked at the karyotypy to present more evidence to recognise these Russian and Asian populations as a separate species, now renamed the eastern or Siberian roe deer ("Capreolus pygargus"), in his 1990 paper. The taxa are differentiated by the B chromosomes found in "C. pygargus", populations of this species gain more of these strange 'junk' chromosomes as one moves further east.


title: Roe deer

text: This new taxonomic interpretation (circumscription) was first followed in the American book "Mammals Species of the World" in 1993. Populations of the roe from east of the Khopyor River and Don River to Korea are considered to be this species.


title: Roe deer

text: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System, following the 2005 "Mammals Species of the World", gives the following subspecies:


title: Roe deer

text: This is just one (extreme) interpretation among a number. Two main specialists did not recognise these taxa and considered the species to be without subspecies in 2001. The European Union's "Fauna Europaea" recognised in 2005 two subspecies, but besides the nominate form recognises the Spanish population as the endemic "Capreolus capreolus garganta" . In 2008 the IUCN recognised three infraspecific taxa: the nominate and the subspecies "garganta" and "italicus".


title: Roe deer

text: Roe deer are most closely related to the water deer, and, counter-intuitively, the three species in this group, called the Capreolini, are most closely related to moose and reindeer.


title: Roe deer

text: Although roe deer were once classified as belonging to the Cervinae subfamily, they are now classified as part of the Odocoileinae, which includes the deer from the New World.


title: Roe deer

text: Both the European roe deer and Siberian roe deer have seen their populations increase, both around the 1930s. In recent times, since the 1960s, the two species have become sympatric where their distributions meet, and there is now a broad 'hybridization zone' running from right side of the Volga River up to eastern Poland. It is extremely difficult for hunters to know which species they have bagged. In line with Haldane's rule, female hybrids of the two taxa are fertile while male hybrids are not. Hybrids are much larger than normal and a cesarean section was sometimes needed to birth the fawns, becoming larger than their mothers at the age of 4–5 months. F1 hybrid males may be sterile, but backcrosses with the females are possible.


title: Roe deer

text: 22% of the animals around Moscow carry the mtDNA of the European roe deer and 78% of the Siberian. In the Volgograd region the European deer predominates. In Stavropol and Dnepropetrovsk regions of Ukraine most of the roe are Siberian. In northeastern Poland there is also evidence of introgression with the Siberian deer, which was likely introduced. In some cases, such as around Moscow, former introductions of European stock is likely responsible.


title: Roe deer

text: The roe deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of throughout its range, and a shoulder height of , and a weight of . Populations from Urals and northern Kazakhstan are larger on average growing to in length and at shoulder height, with body weights of up to , with the deer populations becoming smaller again further east in the Transbaikal, Amur Oblast, and Primorsky Krai regions. In healthy populations, where population density is restricted by hunting or predators, bucks are slightly larger than does. Under other conditions, males can be similar in size to females, or slightly smaller.


title: Roe deer

text: Bucks in good conditions develop antlers up to long with two or three, rarely even four, points. When the male's antlers begin to regrow, they are covered in a thin layer of velvet-like fur which disappears later on after the hair's blood supply is lost. Males may speed up the process by rubbing their antlers on trees, so that their antlers are hard and stiff for the duels during the mating season. Unlike most cervids, roe deer begin regrowing antlers almost immediately after they are shed.


title: Roe deer

text: Within Europe the roe deer occurs in most areas with the exception of northernmost Scandinavia, in Norway it occurs throughout the country with the exception of parts of northern Vestland and northernmost Nordland (north of Narvik), and the islands of Iceland, Ireland and those of the Mediterranean Sea islands. In the Mediterranean region, it is largely confined to mountainous areas, and is absent or rare at low altitudes.


title: Roe deer

text: In Flanders the deer was mostly confined to the hilly regions in the east, but like in neighbouring countries the population has expanded in recent times. A theory is that the expansion of maize cultivation, which are higher than traditional crops and afford more shelter, has aided their expansion to the west.


title: Roe deer

text: In England and Wales roe have experienced a substantial expansion in their range in the latter half of the 20th century and continuing into the 21st century. This increase in population also appears to be affecting woodland ecosystems. At the start of the 20th century, they were almost extirpated in Southern England, but since then have hugely expanded their range, mostly due to restrictions and decrease in hunting, increases in forests and reductions in arable farming, changes in agriculture (more winter cereal crops), a massive reduction in extensive livestock husbandry, and a general warming climate over the past 200 years. Furthermore, there are no large predators in Britain. In some cases roe have been introduced with human help. In 1884 roe were introduced from Württemberg in Germany into the Thetford Forest, and these spread to populate most of Norfolk, Suffolk, and substantial parts of Cambridgeshire. In southern England, they started their expansion in Sussex (possibly from enclosed stock in Petworth Park) and from there soon spread into Surrey, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Dorset, and for the first half of the 20th century, most roe in southern England were to be found in these counties. By the end of the 20th century, they had repopulated much of southern England and had expanded into Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire, and had even spread into Wales from the Ludlow area where an isolated population had appeared. At the same time the surviving population in Scotland and the Lake District had pushed further south beyond Yorkshire and Lancashire and into Derbyshire and Humberside.


title: Roe deer

text: In the 1970s the species was still completely absent from Wales. Roe can now be found in most of rural England except for south-east Kent and parts of Wales, anywhere in the UK mainland suitable for roe may have a population. Not being a species that needs large areas of woodland to survive, urban roe are now a feature of several cities, notably Glasgow and Bristol, where in particular they favour cemeteries. In Wales, they are the least common, but they are reasonably well established in Powys and Monmouthshire.


title: Roe deer

text: Roe deer are found in northern Iran in the Caspian region: they occur in the Hyrcanian woodlands and agricultural lands of the Alborz Mountains (Golestan National Park, Jahan Nama Protected Area).


title: Roe deer

text: Scottish roe deer were introduced to the Lissadell Estate in County Sligo in Ireland around 1870 by Sir Henry Gore-Booth. The Lissadell deer were noted for their occasional abnormal antlers and survived in that general area for about 50 years before they died out. According to the National Biodiversity Data Centre, in 2014 there was a confirmed sighting of roe deer in County Armagh. There have been other, unconfirmed, sightings in County Wicklow.


title: Roe deer

text: In the Netherlands roe deer were extirpated from the entirety of the country except for a two small areas around 1875. As new forests were planted in the country in the 20th century, the population began to expand rapidly. Although it was a protected species in 1950, the population is no longer considered threatened and it has lost legal protection. As of 2016 there are some 110,000 deer in the country. The population is primarily kept in check through the efforts of hunters.


title: Roe deer

text: This species can utilize a large number of habitats, including open agricultural areas and above the tree line, but a requisite factor is access to food and cover. It retreats to dense woodland, especially among conifers, or bramble scrub when it must rest, but it is very opportunistic and a hedgerow may be good enough. Deer in the southern Czech Republic live in almost completely open agricultural land. The animal is more likely to be spotted in places with nearby forests to retreat to. A pioneer species commonly associated with biotic communities at an early stage of succession, during the Neolithic period in Europe when farming humans began to colonise the continent from the Middle East, the roe deer was abundant, taking advantage of areas of forest or woodland cleared by Neolithic farmers.


title: Roe deer

text: In order to mitigate risk, roe deer remain within refuge habitats (such as forests) during the day. They are likelier to venture into more open habitats at night and during crepuscular periods when there is less ambient activity. It scrapes leaf litter off the ground to make a 'bed'.


title: Roe deer

text: When alarmed it will bark a sound much like a dog and flash out its white rump patch. Rump patches differ between the sexes, with the white rump patches heart-shaped on females and kidney-shaped on males. Males may also bark or make a low grunting noise. Does (the females) make a high-pitched "pheep" whine to attract males during the rut (breeding season) in July and August. Initially the female goes looking for a mate and commonly lures the buck back into her territory before mating. The roe deer is territorial, and while the territories of a male and a female might overlap, other roe deer of the same sex are excluded unless they are the doe's offspring of that year.


title: Roe deer

text: It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries, and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with a high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before. Roe deer will not generally venture into a field that has had or has livestock in it.


title: Roe deer

text: The polygamous roe deer males clash over territory in early summer and mate in early autumn. During courtship, when the males chase the females, they often flatten the underbrush, leaving behind areas of the forest in the shape of a figure eight called 'roe rings'. Males may also use their antlers to shovel around fallen foliage and soil as a way of attracting a mate. Roebucks enter rutting inappetence during the July and August breeding season. Females are monoestrous and after delayed implantation usually give birth the following June, after a 10-month gestation period, typically to two spotted fawns of opposite sexes. The fawns remain hidden in long grass from predators; they are suckled by their mother several times a day for around three months. Young female roe deer can begin to reproduce when they are around 6 months old. During the mating season, a male roe deer may mount the same doe several times over a duration of several hours.


title: Roe deer

text: A roe deer can live up to 20 years, but it usually does not reach such an age. A normal life span in the wild is seven to eight years, or 10 years.


title: Roe deer

text: The roe deer population shows irruptive growth. It is extremely fecund and can double its population every year; it shows a retarded reaction to population density with females continuing to have a similar fecundity at high population densities.


title: Roe deer

text: Population structure is modified by available nutrition, where populations are irrupting there are few animals over six years old. Where populations are stagnant or moribund, there is huge fawn mortality and a large part of the population is over seven years old. Mortality is highest in the first weeks after birth due to predation, or sometimes farm machinery; or in the first winter due to starvation or disease, with up to 90% mortality.


title: Roe deer

text: It is a main prey of the Persian leopard ("Panthera pardus tulliana") in the Alborz Mountains of Iran.


title: Roe deer

text: Compared to the other large herbivores and omnivores in Iran, it is a poor disperser of plant seeds, despite consuming relatively more of them.


title: Roe deer

text: The roe deer is a game animal of great economic value in Europe, providing large amounts of meat and earning millions of euros in sport hunting. In 1998, some 2,500,000 deer were shot per year in Western Europe. In Germany alone, 700,000 were shot a year in the 1990s. This is insufficient to slow down the population growth, and the roe deer continues to increase in number.


title: Roe deer

text: It is the main source of venison in Europe. In the 2000s there was growing interest among consumers in alternative and organic food products such as game meat. Frozen roe venison should not be stored longer than 10 to 12 months at −25 °C to maintain a high quality. Storage time and quality can decrease if the bullet has travelled through the digestive tract and contaminated the meat. The meat, like most game meat, is darker in colour than most farmed meat.


title: Roe deer

text: Roe deer are thought to have evolved from a species in the Eurasian genus "Procapreolus", with some 10 species occurring from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, which moved from the east to Central Europe over the millennia, where "Procapreolus cusanus" (also classified as "Capreolus cusanus") occurred. It may not have evolved from "C. cusanus", however, because the two extant species split from each other 1.375 and 2.75 Myr ago, and the western species first appeared in Europe 600 thousand years ago.


title: Roe deer

text: As of 2008 over 3,000 fossil specimens of this species have been recovered from Europe, which affords a good set of data to elucidate the prehistoric distribution. The distribution of the European species has fluctuated often since entering Europe. During the some periods during the last ice age it was present in central Europe, but during the Last Glacial Maximum it retreated to refugia in the Iberian Peninsula (two refugia here), southern France, Italy (likely two), the Balkans and the Carpathians. When the last Ice Age ended the species initially abruptly expanded north of the Alps to Germany during the Greenland Interstadial, 12.5–10.8 thousand years ago, but during the cooling of the Younger Dryas, 10.8–10 thousand years ago, it appears to have disappeared again from this region. It reappeared 9.7–9.5 thousand years ago, reaching northern central Europe. The modern population in this area appears to have recolonised it from the Carpathians and/or further east, but not the Balkans or other refugia. This is opposite to the red deer, which recolonised Europe from Iberia. There has been much admixture of these populations where they meet, also possibly due to human intervention in some cases.


title: Roe deer

text: It is thought that during the Middle Ages the two species of roe deer were kept apart due to hunting pressure and an abundance of predators; the different species may have met in the period just before that, and yet, during the Ice Age they were also kept apart.


title: Roe deer

text: In the Hebrew Bible Deuteronomy 14:5, the יַחְמ֑וּר, "yahmur", derived from 'to be red', is listed as the third species of animal that may be eaten. In most Bibles this word has usually been translated as 'roe deer', and it still means as much in Arabic (أحمر, pronounced "'ahmar") -it was still said to be a common species in the Mount Carmel area in the 19th century. The King James Bible translated the word as 'fallow deer', and in other English Bible translations the word has been translated as a number of different species. When Modern Hebrew was reconstructed to serve as the language of the future Israel in late Ottoman and British Mandatory Palestine, the King James Bible interpretation was chosen, despite the fallow deer being fallow, not red.


title: Roe deer

text: Bambi, the titular character of the book "Bambi, A Life in the Woods" and its sequel "Bambi's Children" was originally a roe deer. When the story was adapted to the animated film "Bambi" by Walt Disney Pictures, the main character was changed to a white-tailed deer.


title: Roe deer

text: Albino roe deer were exceedingly rare in history, and they were regarded as national treasures or sacred animals in ancient times in China.


title: Dylan Walsh

text: Dylan Walsh (born Charles Hunter Walsh; November 17, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Sean McNamara in the FX television series "Nip/Tuck", Al Burns in "Unforgettable" and Sam Lane in "Superman & Lois".


title: Dylan Walsh

text: Walsh was born Charles Hunter Walsh in Los Angeles, California. His maternal grandfather, Frank P. Haven, was a managing editor of the "Los Angeles Times". His parents worked for the Foreign Service—they met in Ethiopia. As a result, Walsh lived in Kenya, India, Pakistan, and Indonesia as a child. His family returned to the United States when he was ten years old and settled in Virginia, where Walsh began acting in high school. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1986 with a degree in English. After graduating from college, Walsh moved to New York City to act professionally.


title: Dylan Walsh

text: Walsh's first role was in a television movie called "Soldier Boys" with James Earl Jones. He then landed a role in the movie "Loverboy" and a regular role on the television series "Kate & Allie". In 1989, he started using the name Dylan Walsh professionally. He continued to work in films including "Betsy's Wedding", "Nobody's Fool", "Congo", "The Stepfather", and "Secretariat" and guest starred the television series "Brooklyn South", "The Twilight Zone", and "Everwood".


title: Dylan Walsh

text: In 2003, Walsh landed the role of Sean McNamara on the FX television series "Nip/Tuck", after being approached by series creator Ryan Murphy in a coffee shop. Murphy remembered him from his roles in "Nobody's Fool" and in a television movie.


title: Dylan Walsh

text: Walsh starred as Lieutenant Al Burns in all four seasons of CBS's crime-drama series "Unforgettable", which ran from 2011 to 2016.


title: Dylan Walsh

text: In April 2020, Walsh was cast as Sam Lane, the father of Lois Lane, on The CW action-superhero series "Superman & Lois".


title: Dylan Walsh

text: Walsh was married from 1996 to 2003 to actress Melora Walters, with whom he had two children, Thomas Walsh born in 1996 and Joanna Walsh born in 1997. After the couple divorced, Walsh married actress Joanna Going on October 10, 2004, and the two have a daughter, Stella Walsh, who was born in 2003. In 2010 Walsh announced he filed for divorce. Walsh met Leslie Bourque and had a daughter, Amelie Belle, and a son, Hudson Scott. Walsh and Bourque were married June 3, 2022 in New Orleans, LA. Bourque is now Leslie Walsh.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Daniel John Elago Ford (born April 26, 1995), better known by his screen name Daniel Padilla (), is a Filipino actor and recording artist. Padilla made his television debut with a supporting role in the soap opera "Gimik 2010" (2010), before landing the lead role in "Growing Up" (2011). He is dubbed as the “"Supreme Idol"” by various media outlets for his irresistible charm, charisma and acting prowess.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla has since starred in the Filipino hit television programs "Princess and I" (2012–2013), "Got to Believe" (2013–2014) and "Pangako Sa 'Yo" (2015–2016). He made his feature film debut in a supporting role in 2012 before starring in the films "She's Dating the Gangster" (2014), "Crazy Beautiful You" (2015), "" (2016) and "Can't Help Falling in Love" (2017).


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla has released three double platinum albums in the Philippines including, self-titled mini album "Daniel Padilla" (2012), "DJP" (2013), "I Heart You" (2014), gold record album "I Feel Good" (2015), and compilation album "DJ' Greatest Hits" (2016). He also held concerts including (2013) DOS (2014), Most Wanted (2015) and (2017).


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla has received awards in television, film, and music including FAMAS Award for Best Actor, PMPC Star Award for Movie Actor of the Year, Luna Awards for Best Actor, GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Awards for Box Office King, Awit Awards and has received three World Music Awards nominations in 2013.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla was born as Daniel John Elago Ford on April 26, 1995, in Manila, Philippines. He is the son of actors Rommel Padilla and actress-singer Carla Ford (screen name: Karla Estrada); he is of quarter White American descent from his mother's side. His mother raised Padilla as a single parent. Padilla is the nephew of action star Robin Padilla and BB Gandanghari, and has seven half-siblings from his father's side, including Matt Raprap Padilla, RJ Padilla, Roanna Padilla, and Red Padilla, and three younger half-siblings from his mother's side, JC Padilla, Margaret Planas, and Carmella Tenorio. Padilla met his siblings from his father's side in 2011 when he turned sixteen.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla lived for a year in Tacloban and studied there (grade 4). In 2014 he registered as an AMA Education System's student. Due to the tight schedule, he reportedly took the home study program of UST Angelicum College years back. Padilla finally shared his plans to go back to school after his mother, Karla Estrada, announced on "Magandang Buhay" that she wants all her children to finish their studies.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla was discovered by the late talent manager Douglas Quijano who pushed him to audition on Star Magic. He was introduced to the media as a member of the Star Magic Circle 2013. At a press conference in 2013, Padilla said he never imagined ending up in entertainment, but he thinks that he is in show business for a more important reason since his family went through financial difficulties.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla's first acting job was in 2010, in a minor role in "Gimik 2010", a remake of the hit 1990s Filipino youth-oriented show, in which he was paired with Julia Montes. When he joined Star Magic, he used the screen name Daniel Padilla, using the surname of his biological father. He was next cast as Patrick Rivero in the youth-oriented show, "Growing Up", where he first worked with co-star Kathryn Bernardo. He and Bernardo paired again in the soap opera "Princess and I" (2012–2013), which became one of the most popular shows on ABS-CBN.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: His film debut came in 2012 when he was selected to join Star Magic's 20th anniversary ensemble cast movie as Billy Fernandez in "24/7 In Love" (2012) with co-star Bernardo. They also had support roles in the film "Sisterakas" (2012).


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Star Music released Padilla's self-titled debut album, "Daniel Padilla" on May 28, 2012. The first commercial and digital single released from the album was ‘’Hinahanap-Hanap Kita’’ on April 20, 2012. The album sold more than 10,000 copies in less than a week. The album peaked at the No. 1 on the Odyssey Music & Video's nationwide sales reports (overall). It went on to sell more than 30,000 copies and was certified double platinum on March 14, 2013.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: In January 2013, Padilla interpreted a hit song for "Himig Handog P-pop Love Songs" (2013), "Nasa Iyo Na Ang Lahat". The music video hit No. 1 on the 2013 Pinoy Myx Year-End Countdown, and was listed among the top three Filipino Trending Music Videos of 2013. "Nasa Iyo Na Ang Lahat" won special awards at the Himig Handog finale night, including MOR Listener's Choice, Tambayan 101.9 Listener's Choice, Star Records CD Buyer's Choice, and MYX Choice for Best Video.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: On March 18, 2013, Padilla released "Kamusta Ka" as the lead single for his first full-length-studio album, "DJP". "DJP" peaked at number 1 on Odyssey Music & Video's nationwide sales reports (overall). "DJP" album went platinum in less than 24 hours, but listed on PARI, September 25, 2013, and went double platinum the next day. Padilla held his first headlining concert, "" on April 30, 2013, at the Smart Araneta Coliseum. It is the first concert to be streamed live via Sky Cable’s pay per view services in the Philippines.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: In 2013 he took on the role of Joaquin and Ryan Manansala on his second prime time soap opera with Bernardo, "Got To Believe". The series finale holds the record as the highest rating final episode in 2014." Padilla had finally made a breakthrough in feature films with "Must Be... Love". In the same year Padilla also starred in his first horror film, "" (2013). Both film made the Top 10 List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2013.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: In 2014, Padilla interpreted a song for the Himig Handog P-Pop Love Songs (2014), "Simpleng Tulad Mo". He was one of the youngest interpreters in the competition. The music video debuted at number 2 and the next week hit No.1 for five weeks. Padilla and Yeng Constantino held a multi-national tour, Daniel Padilla Rocks with Yeng Constantino. It began in Dubai on April 10, 2014, continued to London and Rome, and ended in Milan on April 20, 2014, with four legs and shows in total. While his second studio album, "I Heart You" was released on April 14, 2014. The digital album peaked at No. 1 on the iTunes Philippines chart, the physical album reached the No. 1 spot on Odyssey Music & Video's nationwide sales reports. Less than a month after its release, "I Heart You" achieved platinum record status and was certified double platinum on May 8, 2015.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla marked his 19th birthday with a second sold-out concert at the Smart Araneta Coliseum on April 30, 2014. "DOS" was another event at the Araneta Coliseum. It was streamed live on SkyCable Pay-Per-View. The concert also featured his own band Parking 5 before they disbanded in July 2014. He recorded single, "Unlimited And Free" as the theme song of ABS-CBN Mobile in 2014. On December 1, 2014, Padilla was given his own stars on the country's version of the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Eastwood Walk of Fame, located at Eastwood City, Quezon City.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: In 2014, Padilla made three films: the action film "Sa Ngalan ng Ama Ina at mga Anak" with the Padilla clan, his first historical, action drama; "Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo"; and the box office success, "She's Dating the Gangster", with his co-star Bernardo.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla, along with Bernardo, dubbed as "KathNiel", visited Dubai to hold a concert titled "Daniel Padilla and Kathryn Bernardo Live in Dubai" on January 1, 2015. In February, Padilla was named Nickelodeon's Global Slime Star at the 2015 Kids' Choice Awards, making him the first Filipino to receive such an award. He was also in the Favorite Asian Act category but lost to Indonesian group JKT48.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla's film with Bernardo in 2015 titled "Crazy Beautiful You" set three records, with P32 million, making it the first Filipino movie to register such a box office gross on its first day. The film passed the P300million mark, and was the second film to earn $2 million in international screenings. It was listed in the Top ten grossing films of 2015 .


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla returned to television on May 25, 2015, for the remake of the 90s soap opera "Pangako Sa 'Yo" as Angelo Buenavista. The finale episode raked in a 44.5% rating. The show also top ABS-CBN's top selling international distribution programs.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: His third studio album "I Feel Good" premiered on Spotify on June 7, 2015, before officially being released on June 13. Padilla hand-picked most of its songs, and says it is his favorite album. The "I Feel Good" album reached gold status in less than a week. The album peaked at number one on Odyssey Music & Video's nationwide sales reports.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla held his third major concert, "Most Wanted" on June 13, 2015, at the Mall of Asia Arena. He sang 14 songs in total, including songs from his latest album "I Feel Good." The concert streamed live via Sky Cable's pay per view services and also streamed live in the cinemas of malls in Davao, Cebu, Iloilo, Cabanatuan, Pampanga, and Legazpi. The Most Wanted concert also could be played during a limited period from ABS-CBNmobile-powered mobile devices. In the same year Padilla along with co-actor Bernardo released a Christmas album, "Christmas Love Duets". The album peaked at No. 1 on the Odyssey Music & Video's nationwide sales reports (overall) The title track, "Perfect Christmas", earned a nomination at the 29th Awit Awards for Best Christmas Recording.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla, along with over 50 Filipino performers from the Philippines and the US, performed at "ASAP Live in New York" at Barclays Center.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: During the show Padilla with Bernardo promoted their upcoming movie "Barcelona: A Love Untold". The movie officially released on September 14. Padilla starred as Ely Antonio, which earned him compliments from director Olivia Lamasan and critics.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: On November 27, 2016 Star Music head Roxy Liquigan confirmed Padilla's fourth major concert dubbed "DJ’s Classic Back at Araneta". It was supposed to be staged at the Smart Araneta Coliseum on February 5, 2017. Due to his busy schedule, the concert was reset to October 2017. Padilla released his first compilation album, titled "DJ Greatest Hits", on December 19, 2016. The album consists of eighteen songs; including sixteen of his all-time hits since the start of his music career, as well as two additional new songs, "Reyna Ng Puso Ko" and "Bastaw Ikaw".


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla played the role of Jose Ibarra "Dos" Gonzales Jr. in the romantic-comedy film "Can't Help Falling in Love". His performance was praised by critics.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: ABS-CBN released the first trailer of Padilla and Bernardo's upcoming Philippine horror-action fantasy drama television series sequel to the 2010 fantasy drama "Imortal", "La Luna Sangre" (Spanish for "The Blood Moon") in 2016.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla opened a Twitter account in July 2011. He was named among the top ten most followed Twitter accounts in the Philippines in 2016, with 5,4 million followers. Padilla, along with his co-actor Bernardo, received awards at the Push Awards, where the most influential stars online were recognized by ABS-CBN entertainment website PUSH.com.ph.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Daniel Padilla and two other Filipina singers were appointed by Organisasyon ng Pilipinong Mang-aawit (OPM) as OPM junior ambassadors on June 7, 2013, at the Pagcor Grand Theater during the finals night of the "OPM@PAGCOR 3: The Search for the Next Total OPM Performer". The aim is to encourage the youth to support and promote Original Pilipino Music. He is also brand ambassador of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR). In July 2017 Padilla along with Bernardo was appointed as Cybersmile ambassador to fight against cyberbullying.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla was one of the artists who sent donations and gave a free concert at the Quezon City Memorial Circle on November 7, 2014, for the families of those who had been killed in the Typhoon Haiyan, known as the Yolanda typhoon. Padilla along with his mother were given a special award, the Bayani ng Haiyan ("Hero of Haiyan"), from the Haiyan Disaster Governance Initiative headed by film producer-actor Carlo Maceda, which stands as the communications director of the organization. In the same month Padilla was involved in another charity event. He led the star-studded basketball exhibition "Hoops for Hope" charity game at the court of the Mall of Asia Arena on November 16, 2014. The charity game aimed to help the children of World Vision Philippines and the Child Haus Foundation.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: In 2013, Padilla was listed as one of the biggest Filipino celebrity endorsers. He became the celebrity face of KFC in the Philippines. Padilla was also selected as the brand ambassador of local fashion brand Bench, as well as Pepsi, Nescafe, Honda, and Oishi. In 2015 Padilla was selected as the High Sierra endorser.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla has received awards and nominations in television, film and music. He won the 26th Awit Awards for Best Selling Album of the Year. Padilla won the 2013 Myx Music Awards Favorite New Artist, and the second single from his album, "Prinsesa" (original: "The Teeth"), earned a nomination for Favorite Remake.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: "DJP" won three awards at three different awards ceremonies including the 27th Awit Awards, PMPC Star Awards for Music and MOR Pinoy Music Awards for Best Selling Album of the year, Pop Album of the Year and Album of the Year respectively. The show earned him 2013 ASAP Pop Viewers Choice Awards for Top Kapamilya TV Character.


title: Daniel Padilla

text: Padilla is the first Pinoy artist to win Kids' Choice Awards for Global Slime Star. In November 2013, Padilla was nominated in the 2013 World Music Awards for World's Best Male Artist, World's Best Live Act, and World's Best Entertainer of the Year. "Must Be Love..." earned Padilla a 2012 FAMAS Awards for German Moreno Youth Achievement Award and a nomination at the PMPC Star Awards for New Movie Actor of the Year. "Pagpag: Siyam na Buhay" earned him a 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival Awarded for Mavshack Male Star of the Night and a nomination in the Best Actor category. He was also nominated at the 2014 FAMAS Awards for Best Actor and the 2013 Young Critics Circle for Best Performance. The film also earned him his first Prince of Philippine Movies award at the 2014 GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Awards.