title: Serge Aurier

text: Ahead of the 2013–14 season, Aurier signed a contract extension, keeping him at Toulouse until 2018. This came after re-ignited interest in his services from clubs around Europe. Under the management of Alain Casanova, Aurier found himself playing in a 3–5–2 formation as a right-sided centre back in the three-man defence, as well as a wing-back at times. He went on to play an attacking role by assisting two goals in two different matches by the end of September. Aurier then scored his first goal of the season in a 2–1 loss against Evian on 2 November 2013. His second goal of the season came on 2 February 2014, in a 2–2 draw against Marseille. His third goal of the season came on 15 February 2014 in a 3–1 win over Lorient. He went on to score two goals in two games against Reims and Rennes. His sixth goal of the season came on 5 April 2014 in a 2–1 loss against Lille. Aurier went on to make 34 appearances, scoring six times. At the end of the 2013–14 season, Aurier was shortlisted for the Ligue 1 Player of the Year for the first time in his career. He was also named as the second-best player African player in Ligue 1.


title: Serge Aurier

text: After an impressive display at the 2014 FIFA World Cup for the Ivory Coast, Aurier was again linked with a move away from Toulouse. In an interview, Aurier stated that his dream move would be to English club Arsenal of the Premier League and claimed that he could not turn them down if they made an offer for him.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 23 July 2014, Aurier joined Paris Saint-Germain on a season-long loan with an option for the Parisian club to purchase outright. His move to PSG was believed to be as a replacement for incumbent right back Christophe Jallet. Upon moving to PSG, Aurier stated he had no concern over his first-team chances, despite facing competition from Gregory van der Wiel, who also plays primarily as a right back.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Aurier made his PSG debut in the 2014–15 Ligue 1, coming on as a substitute for Van der Wiel in a 2–0 win over Bastia on 16 August 2014. He scored his first goal for PSG in the Round of 16 of Coupe de la Ligue in a 3–1 victory over Ajaccio. In the first half of the season, Aurier was unable to establish himself in the first team due to his own injury concerns and international commitments. Aurier played his first PSG match in one month – lasting the entire 90 minutes – in a 2–2 draw against Caen; his performance was later praised after the match. During the match, however, he injured himself and was not substituted out, as manager Laurent Blanc had previously used all three of his substitutions earlier in the match. Whilst on the sidelines in PSG's UEFA Champions League match against Chelsea, Aurier found himself in trouble with UEFA after criticising Björn Kuipers' refereeing decision and calling him a "dirty son of a bitch" in a video posted on Facebook. Though Aurier later apologised for his actions, UEFA nonetheless suspended him for three matches.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 29 April 2015, Aurier secured a permanent move to PSG, signing a four-year contract. Aurier's first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the Trophée des Champions against Lyon, where he scored his first PSG goal and helped the club win 2–0. Aurier found himself competing with Van der Wiel over a right position under the management of Blanc. Aurier scored his first league goal for PSG goal on 26 September 2015 in a 4–1 win over Nantes. For his performance, Aurier was named Team of the Week by "L'Équipe". Four days later, Aurier scored in the Champions League group stage in a 3–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk. Aurier scored against Lyon for the second time in the season three months later on 13 December 2015, helping his team to a 5–1 victory.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Aurier was suspended indefinitely on 14 February 2016 for calling teammate Ángel Di María a "clown" and calling Blanc a ""fiotte"" (a homophobic slur) during a question-and-answer session on Periscope in which he also criticised supposed favouritism towards striker Zlatan Ibrahimović. Following his suspension, PSG ordered Aurier to train with their reserve side from 29 February until 20 March.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 31 August 2017, Aurier signed for Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur for a fee in the region of £23 million. He made his debut on 13 September in a 3–1 win over Borussia Dortmund at Wembley Stadium in the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. Ten days later, Aurier made his full league debut at West Ham United, but he was sent off upon receiving a second yellow card as Tottenham held on for a 3–2 victory. His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Brighton & Hove Albion on 13 December 2017. Aurier competed for the right-back spot with Kieran Trippier throughout the season.


title: Serge Aurier

text: In his second season in London, Aurier was competing for his place not only against Trippier, but also with young Englishman Kyle Walker-Peters. On 4 January 2019, in an FA Cup third round match away to EFL League Two club Tranmere Rovers, he scored twice in a 7–0 win. He suffered a number of injuries this season, including a hamstring injury while on international duty in March 2019, as a result he only played eight Premier League games, 17 in all competitions, this season for Tottenham.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Despite talks of wanting to leave the club in the summer, Aurier made a successful first appearance in the 2019–20 season in the match against Crystal Palace on 14 September, helping the team win 4–0 by providing an assist for a Son Heung-min goal. He also provided the most crosses from open play in the match, one of which was deflected by a Palace defender as an own goal. Two weeks later, he was sent off in the first half of a 2–1 home win over Southampton.


title: Serge Aurier

text: In the 2020–21 season, Aurier scored his first goal of the season away to Manchester United on 4 October 2020, contributing to a 6–1 win that was Tottenham's biggest at Old Trafford and their best result against United since 1932. On 31 August 2021, following the signing of Emerson Royal, he departed after the mutual termination of his contract with one year remaining.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 4 October 2021, Spanish side Villarreal announced the signing of Aurier until the end of the 2021–22 season, with the option of extending the contract for two more years. He made his debut 20 days later in a 2–1 loss at Athletic Bilbao, as a 65th-minute substitute for former Spurs teammate Juan Foyth. Troubled by injury, he was second-choice to the Argentine over the season.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 7th September 2022, Nottingham Forest announced the signing of Aurier, currently subject to visa approval.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Despite having lived in France for over 14 years, Aurier does not hold a French passport, and had originally turned down the chance to play for the Ivory Coast. However, he was called up by manager Sabri Lamouchi in April 2013, and eventually played his first match for his homeland against the Gambia on 8 June that year.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Aurier was included in Ivory Coast's 23-man squad for the 2014 World Cup. In the first group match, against Japan, he provided assists for both Wilfried Bony and Gervinho in a 2–1 win.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 29 December 2014, Aurier was called up for the Africa Cup of Nations. He played six matches and impressed with his displays in the tournament, particularly in the final. He was shortlisted for the CAF Team of the Tournament.


title: Serge Aurier

text: In October 2016, during a World Cup Qualifier against Mali, Aurier rushed to the aid of Mali midfielder, Moussa Doumbia, who had had an epileptic seizure to prevent him from swallowing his tongue. Despite his good deed, Aurier later drew criticism for celebrating Ivory Coast's second goal with a 'slit throat' gesture.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Aurier scored his first goal for the Elephants on 11 January 2017, in a 3–0 friendly win over Uganda in Abu Dhabi, after earlier assisting Jonathan Kodjia. He was made captain of the national team starting with a friendly against the Netherlands, followed by a match against Guinea in the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification rounds in June 2017. He was also captain at the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, but suffered a hamstring injury in a 1–0 defeat against Morocco and could not participate further in the competition.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Aurier skippered the team at the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations in Cameroon. In the second group game, a 2–2 draw with Sierra Leone, he played in goal for the final seconds after goalkeeper Badra Ali Sangaré was injured while letting in Alhaji Kamara's equaliser; the campaign ended on penalties to Egypt in the last 16.


title: Serge Aurier

text: Born in Ouragahio, Ivory Coast, Aurier moved to France when he was young, after his parents wanted their children to have a better life. He was passionate about football while growing up. Aurier's younger brother, Christopher, played for his former club Lens. In the early hours of the morning on 13 July 2020, Christopher was shot dead outside a nightclub in Toulouse, France.


title: Serge Aurier

text: On 26 September 2016, Aurier was found guilty of assaulting a police officer outside a nightclub in Paris. He was sentenced to two months in prison, but remained at liberty pending an appeal. Although UK authorities granted Aurier a visa in October 2016, it was revoked on 16 November due to his conviction, and as a result, he missed the UEFA Champions League match against Arsenal in London that month. Aurier was originally banned from entering the UK for five years from his conviction, but he was permitted to move to Tottenham in 2017 because his suspended sentence had been converted into a fine.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: Tara Claire Palmer-Tomkinson (23 December 1971 – 8 February 2017), also known as T P-T, was an English socialite and television personality. She appeared in several television shows, including the reality programme "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!". In 2016 she was diagnosed with a pituitary tumour and an autoimmune condition. She died from a perforated ulcer on 8 February 2017.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire on 23 December 1971, the daughter of Patricia ("née" Dawson) and Charles Palmer-Tomkinson. Her father represented Great Britain as a skier at the 1964 Winter Olympics. She was the younger sister of author Santa Montefiore. Her mother was of Argentine descent. Palmer-Tomkinson was educated at Sherborne School for Girls in Dorset. After she left school, she worked briefly in the City of London for Rothschilds bank.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In the mid to late 1990s, a weekly column for "The Sunday Times" appeared under her name. However, this was actually ghostwritten by author Wendy Holden based on Palmer-Tomkinson's "phoned in description of her activities during the preceding week." She subsequently similarly "contributed" to "The Spectator", "The Mail on Sunday", "GQ", "Eve", "Harpers and Queen", "Tatler", "InStyle" and "The Observer" sporadically.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In September 2007, her book "The Naughty Girl's Guide to Life", co-authored with Sharon Marshall, was published by Sphere. It was serialised in "The Sunday Times" "Style" magazine.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In October 2010, her first novel, "Inheritance", was published by Pan Books. This was also ghostwritten.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In 2002, Palmer-Tomkinson made an appearance on the British television series "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", finishing as runner up. She was a contestant on a celebrity Christmas edition of "Blind Date" later that year. She appeared as a Star in a Reasonably Priced Car in "Top Gear's" sixth episode of series one. In November 2005, she presented her third behind the scenes series on ITV2 for "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW!". She was also a guest on the first and second series of ""Would I Lie to You?"" in 2007 and 2008.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: Palmer-Tomkinson's presenting credits included "Animals Do the Funniest Things" with Tony Blackburn, the UK selection for the "Junior Eurovision Song Contest" in 2003, "The British Comedy Awards...Party On", "What Kids Really Think", "Popworld", "Top of the Pops", "SMTV Live", "Company Magazine Bachelor of the Year", "Dumb Britain", "Extreme", a role as a team captain on "Bognor or Bust" which was hosted by Angus Deayton and work for GMTV, Five, LBC radio, the music channel The Hits and the Living TV programme "Dirty Cows".


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In 2007, Tara Palmer-Tomkinson was a contestant on "Comic Relief Does Fame Academy" for the BBC. She gave away tickets to see her compete in the show to "ordinary people" who had helped her out (the other contestants generally giving their free tickets to other celebrities). She invited the policeman who found her stolen car, the locksmith who helped when she was locked out of her house and her parents' local shopkeepers.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: Palmer-Tomkinson played the piano, as was demonstrated at events at the Queen Elizabeth Hall with the National Symphony Orchestra, at the Royal Albert Hall, and at The Coliseum during a Leonard Bernstein Tribute. She hosted the Classic FM Gramophone Awards in 2005. She wrote a pop song called "5 Seconds" which she performed on "Loose Women".


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: From 2013 to 2014, Palmer-Tomkinson, herself autistic, was patron of Scottish charity Speur Ghlan, which delivers early intervention for young children diagnosed with autism or developmental delays. The appointment garnered media attention for having been facilitated through social media.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: Palmer-Tomkinson's family have a close relationship with the British royal family. She attended the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall as well as the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In 2004, Paul Harvey's painting of Palmer-Tomkinson was exhibited in "The Stuckists Punk Victorian" show at the Walker Art Gallery for the Liverpool Biennial.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: Palmer-Tomkinson was addicted to cocaine in her early career. In 1999, she appeared on "The Frank Skinner Show", slurring her words and forgetting the host's name. In 2006, she received extensive publicity after her nasal septum collapsed due to her cocaine addiction. Pictures were printed in several British tabloids. She underwent cosmetic surgery to have it rebuilt.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: On 22 December 2014, Palmer-Tomkinson was arrested at Heathrow Airport. This followed her reaction to being refused access to a first-class lounge. Following her arrest, she said that a panic attack triggered her behaviour. She stated: "I wasn't drunk, there was no disorderly. I was cautioned, I saw a doctor, they were nice to me", before flying to Switzerland to celebrate her 43rd birthday.


title: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

text: In January 2016, Palmer-Tomkinson was diagnosed with a prolactinoma, a benign tumour (adenoma) of the pituitary gland, and announced her illness publicly in November of that year. Prolactinomas are non-malignant, and treatment was successful. She also had ANCA Associated Vasculitis. On 8 February 2017, Palmer-Tomkinson was found dead at her home in London. The death was treated as unexplained but not suspicious. Her sister later told the media that the cause of death was a perforated ulcer and peritonitis.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Ghajini is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by A. R. Murugadoss and produced by Salem Chandrasekharan. The film stars Suriya and Asin in the lead, with Nayanthara, Pradeep Rawat and Riyaz Khan in supporting roles. Harris Jayaraj composed the soundtrack and background music, while R. D. Rajasekhar and Anthony were the film's cinematographer and editor, respectively. It revolves around a businessman who suffers from anterograde amnesia and is on a spree to avenge the murder of his girlfriend.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The film's production began shortly afterwards in April and was completed by September on the same year. The film was shot at Chennai, while two song sequences were filmed in Switzerland. It was dubbed and released in Telugu by Allu Aravind in November 2005, and received positive reviews with praise for the performances of the lead pair and the plot. It was remade into a Hindi film by Murugadoss again in 2008, with Asin, Rawat and Khan reprising their roles while Suriya's and Nayanthara's roles are played by Aamir Khan and Jiah Khan. The film's story takes inspiration from the Christopher Nolan film "Memento" (2000) and the 1951 film "Happy Go Lovely".


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Chitra, a medical student and her friends are working on a project about the human brain. She wants to investigate the curious case of Sanjay Ramaswamy, a notable Chennai-based businessman who is reported to have anterograde amnesia. Her professor denies access to Sanjay's records as it is currently under criminal investigation. Chitra, overcome with curiosity, proceeds to investigate the matter herself in secret. Sanjay is suffering from anterograde amnesia; he loses his memory every 15 minutes and uses a system of photographs, notes, and tattoos to recover his memory after each cycle. It is revealed that Sanjay is ultimately out to avenge the death of his lover Kalpana, and that he is systematically killing the people responsible.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Sanjay's main target is Lakshman, the head of a Kolkata-based human trafficking network and a notable socialite in Chennai. Inspector Ravi is on the case of the serial murders, who tracks Sanjay at his flat, knocks him unconscious. Ravi finds two diaries where Sanjay has chronicled the events of his life. Sanjay Ramaswamy is the owner of the AirVoice mobile telephone company, who meets Kalpana, a struggling model, and secretly develops romantic feelings for her, while introducing himself as "Manohar". Eventually, both of them spend time together and gradually develop a liking towards each other. The diary ends with Sanjay proposing to Kalpana and promising himself that he will reveal himself as Sanjay Ramaswamy if she accepts.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Before Ravi can read the 2003 diary, Sanjay regains consciousness and ties him up. He tracks down Lakshman to a college function where Lakshman is the guest of honor. Sanjay takes pictures of Lakshman and decides to kill him. However, Sanjay mistakenly attacks and kills one of Lakshman's goons in the parking lot. Lakshman is perplexed and fails to recollect the incident. He decides to find and kill his enemies one by one, but Sanjay is not among them. In the meantime, Chitra visits Sanjay's flat and finds Ravi, beaten and bound. Chitra finds the two diaries and frees Ravi. Sanjay arrives suddenly; he remembers neither of them and chases them out. Ravi is eventually hit and killed by a bus, while Chitra barely escapes, going into a phone booth.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Believing Lakshman is in danger, Chitra informs him that Sanjay is after him. Sanjay discovers that Chitra had warned Lakshman and goes to her dormitory to kill her, where Chitra calls the police and Sanjay is arrested but later freed. Lakshman discovers about Sanjay through a police inquiry and arrives at Sanjay's flat, destroying all the photographs, notes, and scratching off Sanjay's tattoos. Chitra reads the second diary, which states that Kalpana accepted the proposal, but on the condition that she marry only after she completes her past commitment. The diary ends abruptly as Sanjay left for a business trip. Chitra investigates further and discovers that Kalpana was travelling to Mumbai for a modelling assignment by train when she rescued 25 innocent young Tamil girls being trafficked to Mumbai and Kolkata.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: However, Lakshman, who is the ringleader of the racket killed those two girls, who recognized him and goes in search of Kalpana. His goons broke into her apartment and tried to kill her, only to be overpowered and fought off by Sanjay, but Lakshman attacks Sanjay and kills Kalpana in the same way. Now avare of the truth, Chitra finds Sanjay in the hospital and tells him the truth. Sanjay tells her to lead him to Lakshman. Lakshman's twin brother Ram arrives from Kolkata to help him pursue Sanjay. Arriving at Lakshman's lair in downtown Chennai, Sanjay confronts all of Lakshman's henchmen and, with superior strength, manages to disable them. Sanjay fights Lakshman and Ram, overpowering and killing the brothers. While Sanjay drives Chitra back to her dormitory, he stops at a crossing to let young children cross the road. A young girl smiles at him, and he smiles back at her.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The film was initially announced as "Mirattal" in January 2004 with Ajith Kumar and Jyothika, but later got shelved.In March 2004 NIC Arts came to produce the same story as film with Ajith Kumar and Jyothika was replaced by Asin Thottumkal. They started with a photo shoot with the lead stars. Yuvan Shankar Raja was then signed as the music director. However the project fell through and negotiations with Madhavan also collapsed. In November 2004, it was announced that the project was revived by Salem Chandrasekhar and that Suriya would portray the leading role. Suriya subsequently had to tonsure his head for the film before production, with Asin retaining her role while Shriya Saran and Prakash Raj were selected to play other roles in the film. Murugadoss said that he had narrated the script to 12 actors but none of them agreed, Suriya was the 13th actor. It was revealed that Asin would play the role of Kalpana, with the name being inspired by the late Indian astronaut Kalpana Chawla. Shriya was later replaced by Nayantara for the second leading female role, after the former became busy with other films and Pradeep Rawat replaced Prakash Raj. For the character of the rich tycoon, Suriya had closely observed the garment exporter, Tagore Bakshani.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The film was launched on 11 February 2005 at AVM Studios in Chennai with the cast of the project in attendance. In early April 2005, two songs for the film were shot in Switzerland with costumes brought in from Paris for the shooting. Shooting continued and the film finished production in July 2005.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: "Ghajini" was inspired by the American film "Memento", which itself was adapted from the short story "Memento Mori". In response to allegations of plagiarism, Aamir Khan noted "Murgadoss had heard about a film called "Memento" and the concept had really fascinated him. Without having seen the film he went ahead and wrote his own version of the script and screenplay. Having finished his script, he then saw "Memento", found it very different from what he had written, and went ahead and made "Ghajini"." Malathi Rangarajan of "The Hindu" stated that: "Those who have watched "Memento", will not miss the similarities between the English flick and Ghajini. Yet Murugadas's ingenuity lies in adapting the inspiration to suit the taste of the audience". Murugadoss stated, "I had written half the story of "Ghajini" when I saw "Memento". I liked the character in the film who remembers things for just 15 minutes. So, I used just that character."


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Several comical scenes in the film are similar to "Happy Go Lovely" (1951). The film's title is a reference to Mahmud of Ghazni, the tenth-century Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire whose name is pronounced "Ghajini" in Tamil.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The soundtrack features five songs composed by Harris Jayaraj. Harris Jayaraj received his third Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director and was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director. Regarding the song "Suttum Vizhi", Harris said that when Murugadoss narrated him the situation in which the hero is full of admiration for the heroine's attitude and compassion and he dreams of her. Initially, he thought of a peppy song but after hours of discussion, he decided on a melodious tune.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The satellite rights of the film were sold to Sun TV. "Ghajini" was censored with a "U/A" by Central Board of Film Certification, with few minor cuts.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The film received critical acclaim. Sify wrote: "Full marks to the director and Surya for coming out with one of the best edge-of-the-seat racy thriller seen in recent times. The Hindu wrote that "Ghajini is recommended for those who seek extra strong, stylish, over-the-top entertainment" and also wrote that ", it is an action film with plenty of intense, dark and suspenseful filled moments".


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Indiaglitz stated that: "Director Murugadoss has made bold with an absolutely new idea and to his eternal credit makes it work with finesse and flashiness" and also wrote that "it is an impressive story told in an inventive manner".


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: After the release of the Hindi remake, Christopher Nolan spoke fondly of the success of the film. He said, "I have heard it was very successful, I heard people liked it. So I will watch it at some point. I was aware of it, and I am very honoured".


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The film and its dubbed Telugu release opened to high critical acclaim. "Ghajini" was a commercial success and became the third highest grossing Tamil film of that year. "Ghajini", together with "Chandramukhi" and "Anniyan", earned more than three times their combined cost of production.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The Telugu version was also successful and did better business than many straight Telugu films. The film's success earned Suriya a fan following in Andhra. It also prompted producers in the Telugu film industry, to acquire the dubbing rights to Suriya's Tamil films and release them in Telugu.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: In addition to the following list of awards and nominations, prominent Indian film websites named "Ghajini" one of the 10 best Tamil films of 2005, with Rediff, Sify and Behindwoods all doing the same. The film also featured, prior to release, in the "most awaited" list from film websites.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: Aamir Khan who saw the original film decided to remake the film in Hindi. Murugadoss again directed the Hindi version. Asin reprised her character and the film marked her debut in Bollywood. The climax in Hindi version was slightly altered with Murugadoss revealing that Aamir rewrote the climax portions. The remake version was released in 2008 to positive reviews and became a successful film at the box office. Munirathna announced that he would remake the film in Kannada with Upendra and Divya Spandana. However the remake failed to materialise; instead Telugu film "Manmadhudu" (2002) was remade as "Aishwarya" (2006) and few scenes were borrowed from "Ghajini".


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The film's success established Suriya as an action hero and Asin as a top actress. Asin described Kalpana in Ghajini as "a life-time role" for her. Nayanthara, who appeared in a supporting character, later said that appearing in "Ghajini" was a big mistake and the "worst decision" she ever took.


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: In a comedy scene from "Kovai Brothers" (2006), Ganesh (Sathyaraj) parodies Suriya's bald look from "Ghajini" to impress Namitha. In "Pokkiri" (2007), Body Soda (Vadivelu) imagines himself dancing for the song "Suttum Vizhi" with Sruthi (Asin). In "Thamizh Padam" (2010), Shiva (Shiva) remembers that he has to kill gangster Swarna when he looks at a Polaroid photo of her. In the Telugu film "Dubai Seenu" (2007), Seenu (Ravi Teja) plays a prank on Inspector Babji (Sayaji Shinde) by calling every women and singing "Oka Maaru" (Oru Maalai) and also getting him beaten black and blue. In "Nuvva Nena" (2007), Aaku Bhai (Brahmanandam) imagines himself dancing for the song "Hrudayam Ekkadunnadi" (Suttum Vizhi) with Nandini (Shriya Saran).


title: Ghajini (2005 film)

text: The Telugu film "Hrudayam Ekkadunnadi" (2014) is based on the song from the Telugu version. In the 2014 Kannada film "Kwatle Satisha", a remake of Tamil film "Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom" (2012), the first look poster featured the film's actor Sathish Ninasam in the look inspired from "Ghajini". 2018 film "Ghajinikanth" was named as a portmanteau of the words "Ghajini" and "Rajinikanth", and was titled so because of the forgetful nature of Rajinikanth's character in "Dharmathin Thalaivan" and Suriya's character in "Ghajini" (2005).


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Vol. 4 is the fourth studio album by English rock band Black Sabbath, released in September 1972. It was the first album by Black Sabbath not produced by Rodger Bain; guitarist Tony Iommi assumed production duties. Patrick Meehan, the band's then-manager, was listed as co-producer, though his actual involvement in the album's production was minimal.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Though the production of "Vol. 4" is officially credited to Black Sabbath and Patrick Meehan, the bulk of the actual production was performed by guitarist Tony Iommi. "It's the first album we've produced ourselves," said vocalist Ozzy Osbourne in 1972. "Previously we had Rodger Bain as a producer – and, although he's very good, he didn't really feel what the band was doing. It was a matter of communication. This time, we did it with Patrick (Meehan), our manager, and I think we're all very happy… It was great to work in an American studio." Meehan had little actual involvement in the album's production but nonetheless insisted he be listed as producer, according to Iommi.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: The recording was plagued with problems, many due to substance abuse. In the studio, the band regularly had speaker boxes full of cocaine delivered.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Struggling to record "Cornucopia" after "sitting in the middle of the room, just doing drugs", drummer Bill Ward feared that he was about to be fired: "I hated the song, there were some patterns that were just horrible. I nailed it in the end, but the reaction I got was the cold shoulder from everybody. It was like 'Well, just go home, you're not being of any use right now.' I felt like I'd blown it, I was about to get fired." According to the book "How Black Was Our Sabbath", Ward "was always a drinker, but rarely appeared drunk. Retrospectively, that might have been a danger sign. Now, his self-control was clearly slipping." Iommi claims in his autobiography that Ward almost died after a prank-gone-wrong during recording. The Bel Air mansion the band was renting belonged to John du Pont and the band found several spray cans of gold DuPont paint in a room of the house; finding Ward naked and unconscious after drinking heavily, they proceeded to cover the drummer in gold paint from head to toe.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: In his autobiography "I Am Ozzy", Osbourne speaks at length about the sessions: "In spite of all the arsing around, musically those few weeks in Bel Air were the strongest we'd ever been." But he admits, "Eventually we started to wonder where the fuck all the coke was coming from ... that coke was the whitest, purest, strongest stuff you could ever imagine. One sniff, and you were king of the universe." During a show in support of "Vol. 4" at the Hollywood Bowl, the cocaine abuse caught up to Iommi. "Tony had been doing coke literally for days. We all had, but Tony had gone over the edge. He walked off the stage and collapsed," said Osbourne. During soundcheck earlier that same day, a crazed Christian man attempted to storm the stage and stab Iommi with a dagger, but he was tackled by members of the band's crew. According to Butler, "we wanted to take a break" at that point.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Osbourne also recounts the band's ongoing anxiety over the possibility of being busted, which worsened after they went to the cinema to see "The French Connection" (1971), about undercover New York City cops busting an international heroin-smuggling ring. "By the time the credits rolled," Osbourne recalled, "I was hyperventilating." In 2013, Butler admitted to "Mojo" magazine that heroin, too, had entered the picture: "We sniffed it, we never shot up ... I didn't realize how nuts things had gotten until I went home and the girl I was with didn't recognize me."


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: "Vol. 4" saw Black Sabbath beginning to experiment with the heavy sound they had become known for. In June 2013 "Mojo" declared, "If booze and dope had helped fuel Sabbath's earlier albums, "Vol. 4" is their cocaine ... Despite their spiraling addictions, musically "Vol. 4" is another ambitious outing. The band's heavy side remains intact on the likes of 'Tomorrow's Dream', 'Cornucopia' and the seismic 'Supernaut' (a firm favorite of Frank Zappa, featuring Bill Ward's soul-inspired breakdown), but the guitar intro on 'St. Vitus Dance' possesses a jaunty, Led Zeppelin-flavoured quality, while 'Laguna Sunrise' is an evocative neo-classical Iommi instrumental." After being up all night and watching the sunrise at Laguna Beach, Iommi composed the song. In the studio, an orchestra accompanied Iommi's guitar, although they refused to perform until their parts were properly written out. The same orchestra performed on "Snowblind".


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: "Snowblind" is the band's most obvious reference to cocaine, their drug of choice during this period. "Snowblind" was also the album's working title, but Vertigo Records executives were reluctant to release an album with such an obvious drug reference. The liner notes thank "the great COKE-cola" and, in his autobiography, Osbourne notes, ""Snowblind" was one of Black Sabbath's best-ever albums – although the record company wouldn't let us keep the title, 'cos in those days cocaine was a big deal, and they didn't want the hassle of a controversy. We didn't argue."


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Although most of the album is in the band's trademark heavy style, some songs demonstrate a more sensitive approach. "Changes", for example, written by Iommi with lyrics by Butler, is a piano ballad with mellotron. Iommi taught himself to play the piano after finding one in the ballroom of the Bel-Air mansion they were renting. It was on this piano that "Changes" was composed. "Tony just sat down at the piano and came up with this beautiful riff," Osbourne writes in his memoir. "I hummed a melody over the top, and Geezer wrote these heartbreaking lyrics about the break-up Bill was going through with his wife. I thought that was brilliant from the moment we recorded it."


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: "FX" came about unexpectedly in the studio. After smoking hashish, the crucifix hanging from Iommi's neck accidentally struck the strings of his guitar and the band took an interest in the odd sound produced. An echo effect was added and the band proceeded to hit the guitar with various objects to generate odd sound effects. Iommi calls the song "a total joke".


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Of "Wheels of Confusion", Henry Rollins said: "It's about alienation and being lost in the wheels of confusion, which is the way I find myself a lot of the time. Sabbath could be my favourite band. It's the ultimate lonely man's rock. There's something about their music that's so painful and yet so powerful."


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: The album, Tony Iommi told "Circus"'s sister magazine "Circus Raves", "was such a complete change – we felt we had jumped an album, really ... We had tried to go too far."


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: The album cover features a monochrome photograph of Ozzy Osbourne with hands raised throwing the peace sign, taken during a Black Sabbath concert at Birmingham Town Hall in January 1972 by Keith Macmillan (credited as Keef). The album's original release (on Vertigo in the UK, on Warner Bros. in the United States and on Nippon Phonogram in Japan) features a gatefold sleeve with a page glued into the middle. Each band member is given his own photo page, with the band on-stage at the very centre. All photos were from the aforementioned Birmingham gig.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: The album's original cover art has proved iconic, and has been imitated and parodied on numerous occasions, such as on the 1992 "Peaceville Volume 4" compilation album, the 1992 "Volume Two" EP by the band Sleep, "Longmont Potion Castle Vol. 4" by the prank caller Longmont Potion Castle, and the 1994 "Planet Caravan" EP by Pantera.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: The U.S. 8-track tape and cassette releases of the album feature alternate artwork: a yellow background with Ozzy silhouetted in black.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: "Vol. 4" was released in September 1972, and while most critics of the era were dismissive of the album, it achieved gold status in less than a month, and was the band's fourth consecutive release to sell one million copies in the United States. It reached number 13 on "Billboard's" pop album chart and number 8 on the UK Albums Chart. The song "Tomorrow's Dream" was released as a single but failed to chart. Following an extensive tour of the United States, the band toured Australia for the first time in 1973, and later Europe.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Rock critic Lester Bangs, who had derided the band's earlier albums, applauded "Vol. 4", writing in "Creem", "We have seen the Stooges take on the night ferociously and go tumbling into the maw, and Alice Cooper is currently exploiting it for all it's worth, turning it into a circus. But there's only one band that's dealt with it honestly on terms meaningful to vast portions of the audience, not only grappling with it in a mythic structure that's both personal and powerful but actually managing to prosper as well. And that band is Black Sabbath." Bangs also compared the band's lyrics to those of Bob Dylan and William S. Burroughs. In June 2000, "Q" placed "Vol. 4" at number 60 in its list of "The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever" and described the album as "the sound of drug-taking, beer-guzzling hooligans from Britain's oft-pilloried cultural armpit let loose in LA." In his 2013 biography on the band "Black Sabbath: Symptom of the Universe", Mick Wall insists "Under the Sun" would become the "sonic signpost" for bands that would follow Sabbath in years to come, such as Iron Maiden and Metallica. Frank Zappa has identified "Supernaut" as one of his all-time favorites. (In a 1994 interview with "Guitar for the Practicing Musician", Butler revealed, "I loved Zappa's lyric approach. That influenced me lyrically, definitely.") "Supernaut" was also one of Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham's favorite songs.


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: "Kerrang!" magazine listed the album at No. 48 among the "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time". "Rolling Stone" ranked it 14th on their 2017 list of "100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time". The album was also included in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die".


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: Thomas Gabriel Fischer of Triptykon and previously frontman of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost cited "Vol. 4" as highly influential on his musical formation and stated he "learned to play guitar from that album".


title: Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)

text: All music was written by Black Sabbath (Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne and Bill Ward); all lyrics by Geezer Butler. Some North American pressings have parts of the songs titled as "The Straightener" and "Every Day Comes and Goes"; the former is the coda of "Wheels of Confusion", while the latter is a two-minute segment that serves as the bridge for "Under the Sun". These parts are not titled on original releases or any European release.


title: SS El Faro

text: SS "El Faro was a United States-flagged, combination roll-on/roll-off and lift-on/lift-off cargo ship crewed by U.S. merchant mariners. Built in 1975 by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. as Puerto Rico, the vessel was renamed Northern Lights" in 1991 and, finally, "El Faro" in 2006. She was lost at sea with her entire crew of 33 on October 1, 2015, after steaming into the eyewall of Hurricane Joaquin.


title: SS El Faro

text: "El Faro" departed Jacksonville, Florida, under the command of Captain Michael Davidson, bound for San Juan, Puerto Rico, at 8:10 p.m. EST on September 29, 2015, when then-Tropical Storm Joaquin was several hundred miles to the east. Two days later, after Joaquin had become a Category 4 hurricane, the vessel likely encountered swells of and winds over as she sailed near the storm's eye. Around 7:30 a.m. on October 1, the ship had taken on water and was listing 15 degrees. The last report from the captain, however, indicated that the crew had contained the flooding. Shortly after that, "El Faro" ceased all communications with shore.


title: SS El Faro

text: On October 2, the 40-year-old ship was declared missing. An extensive search operation was launched by the United States Coast Guard, with help from the United States Navy, the United States Air Force, and the Air National Guard. Searchers recovered debris and a damaged lifeboat, and spotted (but could not recover) an unidentifiable body. "El Faro" was declared sunk on October 5. The search was called off at sunset on October 7, by which time more than had been covered by aircraft and ships. The Navy sent to conduct an underwater search for "El Faro" on October 19, 2015. "Apache" identified wreckage on October 31 "consistent with the ["El Faro"] cargo ship ... in an upright position and in one piece". The next day, November 1, the Navy announced a submersible had returned images that identified the wreck as "El Faro".


title: SS El Faro

text: "El Faro" was built by the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Corporation in Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1975 as "Puerto Rico". As operated by the Navieras de Puerto Rico Steamship Company, "Puerto Rico" hauled cargo to and from the East Coast for fifteen years. In 1991, she was purchased by Saltchuk Resources, the parent company of TOTE Maritime, and renamed "Northern Lights". Under Saltchuk, she frequently sailed between Tacoma, Washington, and Anchorage, Alaska.


title: SS El Faro

text: In 1992, the ship underwent a conversion at Atlantic Marine Shipyard in Mobile, Alabama. A 90-foot (27 meters) mid-body, which included an additional cargo hold and a spar deck, was added. Between 2005 and 2006 the ship was modified a second time, also at Atlantic Marine Shipyard, to carry lift-on/lift-off cranes. An additional 4875 long tons (4953.2 metric tons) of fixed ballast was added, and the ship's load line was raised by about two feet so additional cargo could be carried. However, a required damage stability assessment was not performed.


title: SS El Faro

text: In February 2003, just before the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, the ship was chartered by the Military Sealift Command as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom; she ferried Marines and military equipment from San Diego, California, to Kuwait. On March 19, while in the Persian Gulf, the vessel came under fire from missiles. The nearby explosions rocked the ship but caused no damage or injuries.


title: SS El Faro

text: Through October 2005, near the end of the ship's chartered service, she made 25 voyages and 49 port calls. Collectively, 12,200 pieces of military equipment—weighing in all—were transported by the ship. Robert Magee, then president of TOTE, and the ship's crew were praised by United States Air Force general Norton A. Schwartz: "You and your team of professionals showcased the US flag industry at its best." After completing her military services in 2006, the ship was transferred by TOTE to its subsidiary company Sea Star Lines and renamed "El Faro". The vessel returned to the original route and served as a "lifeline" between the U.S. mainland and Puerto Rico.


title: SS El Faro

text: When she sank on October 1, 2015, "El Faro" was scheduled to return to Tacoma to relieve another vessel.


title: SS El Faro

text: "El Faro" had passed two inspections, one by the United States Coast Guard, in March and June of 2014. She completed the American Bureau of Shipping class and statutory surveys in February 2015. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that safety drills were conducted weekly and that the ship met stability criteria when she left Jacksonville, Florida, for her fateful voyage.


title: SS El Faro

text: Former crew members of "El Faro" expressed surprise and shock that the vessel had set sail with a major storm along its planned track. They said the vessel was "a rust bucket" that was not "supposed to be on the water" and that it suffered drainage problems and leaks in the galley compartment. They reported that the ship's decks were filled with holes as recently as two months before her sinking.


title: SS El Faro

text: Following the ship's disappearance, the Coast Guard's Marine Safety Center staff examined "El Faro"s sister ship, "El Yunque". The staff found that the condition of "El Yunque"s cargo ventilation system was poor and likely would have been a source of intermittent flooding during rolling in 25–30 ft seas (7.6 - 9.1 meters).


title: SS El Faro

text: On September 29, 2015, at 8:10 p.m., "El Faro" left Jacksonville for San Juan, Puerto Rico, carrying a cargo of 391 shipping containers, about 294 trailers and cars, and a crew of 33 people—28 Americans and 5 Poles. The decision to depart Jacksonville by the captain, Michael Davidson, was reasonable given the options available to avoid Hurricane Joaquin; however, he subsequently failed to take sufficient action to avoid the hurricane.


title: SS El Faro

text: Upon departure, Captain Davidson planned on using "El Faro"s normal, direct route to San Juan, which he expected would pass south of Hurricane Joaquin; however, tropical storm and hurricane wind fields were forecast to be near the vessel’s normal route.


title: SS El Faro

text: At the time, Hurricane Joaquin was still a tropical storm, but meteorologists at the National Hurricane Center forecast that it would likely become a hurricane by the morning of October 1, on a southwest trajectory toward the Bahamas. The vessel's voyage plan took it within of the storm, where seas in excess of were likely.


title: SS El Faro

text: On September 30 at 6:40 a.m. after a review of updated weather data, Davidson and his chief mate decided to alter course slightly southward. Later, at 11:05 p.m., the third mate called Davidson and told him that maximum winds from Joaquin had increased to 100 mph and that the storm was moving toward "El Faro"s planned track-line. A few minutes later, at 11:13 p.m., the third mate called a second time and suggested a diversion to the south. The second mate, Danielle Randolph, also called Davidson at about 1:20 am on October 1 and suggested a course change through Crooked Island Passage. Randolph voiced concern in an email to friends and family: "There is a hurricane out here and we are heading straight into it."


title: SS El Faro

text: Joaquin became a hurricane by 8:00 a.m. on September 30, then rapidly intensified. Throughout the rest of the day and into the morning of October 1, the storm continued to track southwest. By 11:00 pm, the storm had reached Category 3 intensity with maximum sustained winds of .


title: SS El Faro

text: Ten hours after departing from Jacksonville, "El Faro" had deviated from her charted course. Less than twenty hours later, at around 7:30 a.m. on October 1, the Coast Guard received a satellite notification that the vessel had lost propulsion, taken on water—though flooding was contained at the time of the message—and had a 15-degree list. The Coast Guard also received a single ping from the ship's Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon. Subsequent attempts to open communications with "El Faro" were unsuccessful.


title: SS El Faro

text: Marine Traffic's last reported position for "El Faro" was at 4:01 a.m., heading south-southeast at . According to a different marine positioning database, relayed by Reuters, the final relayed position of "El Faro" was at 7:56 a.m., about northeast of Crooked Island. This placed the vessel within the eyewall of the hurricane, situated near at 8:00 a.m., where winds in excess of and waves of likely battered the ship.


title: SS El Faro

text: On December 13, 2016, the NTSB released a 500-page transcript of the conversations that occurred on the bridge in the ship's final twenty-six hours, as recorded by the vessel's voyage data recorder (VDR) and its six microphones.


title: SS El Faro

text: The transcript described a quickly deteriorating situation. At 5:43 a.m. on the morning of the sinking, Davidson took a phone call indicating suspected flooding in the no. 3 cargo hold and sent the chief mate to investigate. The crew began taking measures to try to assess and control the flooding. Thirty minutes later, the ship lost its steam propulsion plant. At 6:54 a.m., Davidson took a phone call describing the situation on board:


title: SS El Faro

text: At 7:10 a.m., Davidson told someone on the phone that the ship was caught in a 10- to 15-degree list, "but a lot of that's with the wind heel". He informed the person that he would be making a distress call to the Coast Guard, and then directed the second mate to activate "El Faro"s Ship Security Alert System and Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. He then directed the rest of the crew to wake up.


title: SS El Faro

text: At 7:17 a.m., the chief engineer informed the chief mate and the captain over the sound-powered phone that the bilge alarm was going off in "two alpha". The captain asked the chief mate if he could pump out all of the cargo holds at the same time and discussed the worsening list. The chief mate replied that the cars were floating in the #3 cargo hold and that the fire main was below the surface of the water, so he could not see the damage or if water was still coming in. Two minutes later, after further discussion with the chief mate, the captain called the chief engineer and asked, "Can you ... isolate the fire main from down in the uh engine room? ... On the engine room side the isolation valve [on the] suction [for the] fire pump ... secure it, isolate it on your side so there's no free communication from the sea."


title: SS El Faro

text: At 7:24 a.m., Davidson, with a crew member on the phone, said, "We still got reserve buoyancy and stability." He then instructed the second mate to ring the general alarm and wake up the crew. Davidson then gave the order to abandon ship, and about a minute later could be heard on the bridge calling out, "Bow is down, bow is down!" He then called over the UHF radio for the chief mate to "Get into your rafts! Throw all your rafts into the water! Everybody get off! Get off the ship! Stay together!".


title: SS El Faro

text: For the next several minutes, Davidson tried to help a panicked helmsman get off the bridge, with alarms ringing all around. The captain repeatedly told the helmsman not to panic: "Work your way up here", "You're okay, come on", and "I'm not leavin' you, let's go!" The helmsman exclaimed, "I need a ladder! A line!" and "I need someone to help me!". The VDR recording ends at 7:39 a.m. with the captain and the helmsman still on the bridge.


title: SS El Faro

text: On October 1, WC-130J Super Hercules aircraft of the U.S. Air Force Reserve 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron tried to locate "El Faro" without success. On October 2, a Coast Guard HC-130H Hercules aircraft from Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater in Florida began a dedicated search for the ship. and an MH-60T Jayhawk helicopter from CGAS Clearwater joined search efforts later that day. MH-65C Dolphin helicopters from Coast Guard Air Station Miami in Florida and Coast Guard Air Station Borinquen in Puerto Rico, along with HC-144A Ocean Sentry fixed-wing patrol aircraft from Miami, were also present.


title: SS El Faro

text: Throughout October 3, aircraft flew in violent hurricane conditions, characterized by winds in excess of at an altitude of , waves up to , and visibility less than . Despite the hazardous conditions, a helicopter crew recovered a life ring from "El Faro". Conditions markedly improved on October 4 as Joaquin moved northeast, away from the Bahamas; winds averaged and visibility was unlimited. Taking advantage of the clear weather, the helicopter remained in flight for eleven hours, requiring refueling twice. A second HC-130, and were deployed that day.


title: SS El Faro

text: "Northland" and "Resolute" continued operations overnight with engineers using night vision goggles to take part in the search. The United States Navy provided P-8A Poseidon fixed wing aircraft from Naval Air Station Jacksonville to assist on October 5; three Crowley Maritime tugboats also joined. Search operations were conducted at a near-continuous pace by this date.


title: SS El Faro

text: On October 5, an unidentified body in a survival suit, presumed to be from "El Faro", was found but was not recovered. According to the rescue diver, the body was unrecognizable, its head three times normal size, and was left to be retrieved later in the day. However, a failure in the positioning device ultimately resulted in losing the body. Several other unopened survival suits were recovered.


title: SS El Faro

text: A deflated life raft and an unoccupied, heavily damaged lifeboat—one of two aboard "El Faro", each capable of carrying 43 people and stocked with food and water for a few days—were also found on October 5. The vessel was declared lost at sea on this day, believed to have sunk in of water, and the search turned into a search and recovery effort.


title: SS El Faro

text: The U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard provided three additional HC-130P/J aircraft on October 6. A total of of water was covered in search of the vessel. Two debris fields were discovered: one covering situated near "El Faro"s final position, and the other spanning located northeast of the first debris field. At sunset on October 7, the Coast Guard announced the cessation of search operations.


title: SS El Faro

text: On October 7, a Navy salvage team was requested to search for the wreckage at the behest of the NTSB. Senator Bill Nelson of Florida wrote a letter to the agency urging them to look into TOTE's policies regarding severe weather. Nelson also cited that "El Faro"s lifeboats were "outdated and inadequate for the conditions the crew faced". TOTE established a fund for families of the crew on October 9 through the Seamen's Church Institute of New York and New Jersey.


title: SS El Faro

text: On October 14, a $100 million lawsuit was filed against TOTE by a family member of one of the missing crew, citing negligence on the company's behalf in letting a non-seaworthy vessel sail into a hurricane. On October 28, another lawsuit was filed on behalf of the estate of a man who died in the sinking. The complaint stated that "without power, the M/V EL FARO was merely a cork in the sea as the Hurricane neared". By April 19, 2016, TOTE Maritime had settled with 18 of the 33 families for more than $7 million.


title: SS El Faro

text: On October 19, departed from Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek–Fort Story in Virginia Beach, Virginia, to conduct an underwater search for "El Faro". The vessel was equipped with a towed pinger locator, side-scan sonar, and a remotely operated vehicle. The search crew identified a vessel on October 31 at an approximate depth of . The hydrostatic pressure at this depth is approximately .


title: SS El Faro

text: The NTSB reported that the object was "consistent with a [] cargo ship ... in an upright position and in one piece". On November 16, the agency announced it had completed its search of the sunken ship but did not find the VDR. On January 3, 2016, the NTSB opened the public accident docket on the investigation into the sinking, initially releasing underwater images and video of the vessel.


title: SS El Faro

text: On April 18, 2016, the NTSB launched a second search for the VDR, using the , a Navy-owned vessel operated by mariners of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. On April 26, the NTSB said the VDR was found about northeast of Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bahamas. The agency was unable to retrieve the recorder at that time because it was too close to the ship's mast and other obstructions.


title: SS El Faro

text: On August 5, 2016, USNS "Apache" returned to the site and, five days later, recovered the VDR. Ten months after the sinking, the VDR was delivered to the NTSB in Mayport, Florida to continue the investigation.


title: SS El Faro

text: The Coast Guard's "El Faro" Marine Board of Investigation completed its final report on September 24, 2017, and published it on October 1 in its document library. The 199-page Marine Board's Report detailed facts, analysis, and conclusions and made safety, administrative and enforcement recommendations.


title: SS El Faro

text: Coast Guard investigators placed nearly all of the blame on Captain Davidson of "El Faro", who had underestimated both the strength of the storm and the ship's vulnerability in rough weather, and did not take enough measures to evade the storm even though his crew raised concerns about its increasing strength and changing direction. Investigators stated that if Davidson had survived the storm, his actions would have been grounds for the Coast Guard to revoke his captain's license. Davidson "was ultimately responsible for the vessel, the crew and its safe navigation", said Capt. Jason Neubauer, who chaired the investigation.


title: SS El Faro

text: Coast Guard investigators also noted that TOTE Maritime, "El Faro"s owner, made several violations regarding crew members' rest periods and work hours, had no dedicated safety officer to oversee the ship, and used outdated, "open air" lifeboats (similar to the types used on older vessels, such as "Titanic") instead of the modern-day enclosed survival crafts, among other violations.


title: SS El Faro

text: The NTSB met in Washington, D.C., on December 12, 2017, to discuss contributing factors to the sinking as well as to "vote on recommendations to address safety issues uncovered during the investigation". The board meeting was webcast live. The board's 400-page report:


title: SS El Faro

text: There is another memorial located in Rockland, Maine by artist Jay Sawyer. There were 5 men from the Rockland-area who died on the El Faro.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: Daniel Andrew Sharman (born 25 April 1986) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Isaac Lahey on the television series "Teen Wolf" (2012–2014), Kaleb Westphall / Kol Mikaelson on "The Originals" (2014–2015), Troy Otto on "Fear the Walking Dead" (2017), Lorenzo de' Medici in "" (2018), and the Weeping Monk in "Cursed" (2020). He also starred in the film "Immortals" (2011).


title: Daniel Sharman

text: Sharman was born and raised in Hackney, London. He started acting as a child at the age of nine when he auditioned for the Royal Shakespeare Company and was selected out of hundreds of other children. Of his venture into the dramatic arts, he stated: "I just adored it. Between "Macbeth" and "Henry VI" with all of the armour and the blood and everything, it was just fantastic as a kid. It was the best thing ever." Sharman stayed with the Royal Shakespeare Company for two plays: "The Park" in 1995 (age 9) and "Macbeth" in 1996 (age 10).


title: Daniel Sharman

text: Sharman attended Mill Hill School and also the Arts Educational School, both in London. During his school years, he acted in the play "Kvetch" that made it to the Edinburgh Fringe festival. He also acted in the touring play "The Winslow Boy" in 2002 at age 16.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: For three years, from 2004 to 2007, Sharman studied at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in acting and graduating with honors. After that, he performed in many theatrical productions in London and Europe.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: Sharman's first feature film role was in the independent film "The Last Days of Edgar Harding", in which he played a musician. In 2010, he was cast as Ares, the Greek god of war, in the fantasy film "Immortals" with Mickey Rourke, Kellan Lutz and Henry Cavill among others; the film was released in 2011. Sharman initially had difficulty transition to acting on film, as he found it "odd and unnatural", but he eventually adjusted. Sharman also appeared in the horror film "The Collection", released in November 2012.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: Sharman's television credits include roles in "Judge John Deed", "Inspector Lewis" and the television films "Starting Over" and "When Calls the Heart" . Beginning in 2012, Sharman had a major recurring role as werewolf Isaac Lahey in MTV's supernatural drama series "Teen Wolf". In March 2014, after the season 3 finale, it was announced that Sharman would be leaving the series as he wanted to explore other opportunities.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: In 2013, Sharman narrated the audiobook version of Cassandra Clare's young adult novel "Clockwork Princess", the third and final installment of her "Infernal Devices" trilogy.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: He joined "The Originals" as the recurring character Kaleb Westphall in May 2014. In March 2015, it was confirmed that Sharman had landed the lead role in the CBS medical drama pilot "LFE" opposite actress Melissa Leo However, the pilot was ultimately not picked up by the network. In 2017, he joined the cast of AMC's "Fear the Walking Dead" as a series regular in the role of Troy Otto. The third season of the series premiered on 5 June of the same year.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: In 2015, he joined the Williamstown Theatre Festival for the play "Off the Main Road", which starred Kyra Sedgwick.


title: Daniel Sharman

text: On 10 August 2017, it was reported that Sharman had been cast in the lead role in "". He portrays Lorenzo de' Medici for the planned two season run of the series. The two seasons of "Medici: The Magnificent" serve as second and third season of the Medici franchise and are set 20 years after the events of the loosely connected first season, named "."


title: Daniel Sharman

text: In March 2019, Sharman joined "Cursed", a Netflix television series based on a re-imagining of the Arthurian legend.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder who practices freestyle skateboarding and street skateboarding. He is considered one of the most influential skaters in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the flatground ollie, kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip. As a result, he has been called the "Godfather of freestyle Skateboarding".


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Rodney Mullen won his first world freestyle skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 34 out of 35 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport. Over the following years, he transitioned from freestyle to street skateboarding, adapting his accumulated freestyle skills to street and inventing or expanding upon additional tricks in the process, such as primo slides, dark slides, and Casper slides.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen has appeared in over 20 skateboarding videos and has co-authored an autobiography, entitled "The Mutt: How to Skateboard and Not Kill Yourself", with writer Sean Mortimer.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen was born in Gainesville, Florida. As a child, Mullen slept in boots designed to correct a severe pigeon-toe condition. Despite Mullen's condition, "He had an incredible dexterity with his feet," said Phil Chiocchio, former owner of the Florida skatepark, Sensation Basin.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen began skateboarding at the age of ten, on New Year's Day of 1977, after a neighborhood friend introduced him to a skateboard. He promised his strict father that he would cease skateboarding the first time he became seriously injured:


title: Rodney Mullen

text: My dad wouldn't let me have a skateboard. He thought I'd get hurt and never get good, and the culture was bums, and I'd turn into one. He was a dentist, but before that he was military, and there were times you'd call him, 'Sir.' New Year's Day he had a drink and felt better, and the skate shop was open. I learned to skate in our garage. We lived in the country in Florida, it was sort of farmish, and there was no cement anywhere else. Vert skating was the kind of skating that was done in pools, where you could get airborne and be weightless. The other style, which is what I did, was called freestyle, which was tricks you could do on flat ground.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen practiced in the garage of the family home while wearing a comprehensive protective pads setup, a precaution that was part of the deal with his father. He also spent time with his sister's surfer friends who skated on weekdays. He became obsessed with the skateboard and practiced for many hours on a daily basis.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 1978, even though he had owned a skateboard for only just over a year, Mullen placed fifth in the Boy's Freestyle category at the US Open Championships at Kona Skatepark in Jacksonville, Florida. Skateboard manufacturer Bruce Walker saw his performance and sponsored Mullen through Walker Skateboards from 1978 to 1980. Mullen's biggest influence in skateboarding at the time was a Walker professional skateboarder, Jim McCall, who was coached in his early years by Walker (Walker also coached a young Kelly Slater). Mullen was also influenced in a positive manner by professional skateboarders from Florida including Ed Womble, George McClellan, Clyde Rodgers, Tim Scroggs, and Kelly Lynn.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In later years, Mullen was coached by Barry Zaritsky (also known as "SIO Barry"), who owned a company called SiO Safety Shorts. When his family moved to a farm in a remote part of Florida, Mullen began perfecting his flat ground techniques in the family garage; he has said that the isolation and lack of terrain naturally guided him towards freestyle skateboarding. Mullen cites July 1979–August 1980 as his "most creative time," a time when he was predominantly a loner who counted the cows of the family farm as his best friends. Mullen then proceeded to win thirty successive amateur competitions in the late 1970s, mostly in his home state of Florida, culminating in a win at the Oceanside Nationals in June 1979.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 1980, the 14-year-old Mullen entered the Oasis Pro competition, defeating the world champion, Steve Rocco. At Oasis Skatepark Mullen also spotted a 12-year-old skater who "introduced himself as Tony Hawk." Recalled Mullen, "Before Tony was sponsored, before anybody knew anything about him, he made an impression on me," and the two would go on to become good friends.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Shortly thereafter, Mullen turned professional as a member of the renowned Bones Brigade team sponsored by Powell Peralta, based on the recommendation by Powell Peralta rider and fellow Floridian skateboarder Tim Scroggs of Mullen to company co-founder Stacy Peralta, whom Mullen highly admired. Mullen competed voraciously throughout the 1980s, often frustrating competitors and judges with his consistency and progressive ability.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Like most skaters at the time, Mullen skated a mix of styles, including some vert, before skateboarding became more clearly delineated, as skaters who were more freestyle-oriented gravitated toward street and those who had skated more transition, bowls, and pools went into vert.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen enrolled in the chemical engineering program at the University of Florida, leaving during his senior year prior to completing his degree in order to take over management of World Industries with fellow Bones Brigade team member and company co-founder Steve Rocco.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Among his most significant contributions to the evolution of modern skateboarding, Rodney Mullen adapted the ollie, first pioneered by Alan Gelfand on vert (where Gelfand would scoop off the back trucks to obtain more air off the wall, but without popping the tail of the skateboard in the process), to flat ground. This ability to pop the board off of the ground and drag it upward into the air, gaining significant altitude and air time, allowed ollieing onto rails and obstacles and opened the door to more complex flip tricks and other flat ground tricks. The invention of this trick alone, even apart from the numerous other tricks that he has invented and his design work, has ranked Mullen as one of the most important skateboarders of all time. In response to the praise that he has received for the flat ground ollie, Mullen stated in August 2012:


title: Rodney Mullen

text: The origins of ollies—a guy named Alan Gelfand did it on vert…I had for a long time done a really simple movement, which was—it was just a transfer trick…and there are a ton of tricks where I needed to get to this side "[demonstrates going from standing regular on his board to standing on the nose]". It's a transfer trick—I'd been doing that since the late seventies, so that I could, in turn, do things like this "[demonstrates going from standing on the nose to a nose-stand and then landing back on his skateboard]". When I saw him [Gelfand] do it on the wall, I immediately—I'm thinking, the mechanics of it: how do you get your board off the ground—how would you get your board off the ground like he did off the wall, 'cause I'm stuck on flat ground, not weightless...[T]he first ones I did took about, I don't know, five, ten minutes...I realized, that's just the same motion I've been doing for years—it's a see-saw motion; that's how ollies work…it's just a punch and a little hop; and the real key to it was dragging your foot and leveling it out, which brings the board up...In a back-handed way, people credit me within the documentary, Stacy [Peralta]'s "Bones Brigade" documentary, credit me with the importance of the ollie that gave the foundation for street skating, which is just skateboarding today, all that; and to me it was like, "Yeah, but, it's not a big deal." Took me ten minutes, fifteen, half an hour, an hour; and the next thing you know, you're getting 'em this high, and that's what laid the foundation for everything else. So, in a sense, the biggest innovation for street skating, which is what they credit me for—it's not a big deal!


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Throughout the 1980s, he invented the majority of skating's ollie and flip tricks, including the flat ground ollie, the kickflip, the heelflip, the 360-flip, and many others. These tricks are now considered essential building blocks of both modern vert skateboarding and street skateboarding.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In early 1989, Mullen left the Bones Brigade to join World Industries as a principal investor with longtime friend and former rival, Steve Rocco, in the formation of the very first skateboarder-owned company—professional skateboarder, Mike Vallely, later joined the company for a brief period of time. Mullen and Rocco had embarked on a very risky venture, as Powell Peralta was an established company and Rocco's upstart company had been struggling at the time. World Industries would later develop into the distribution company, Dwindle Distribution, which is the world's largest skateboard manufacturer in the 21st century.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: As the popularity of freestyle skateboarding declined, Mullen was urged to transform his style to join the street skating trend that was becoming increasingly popular at that time; however, Mullen was very reluctant due to a fear of compromising his integrity, whereby the foundation of his skateboarding would be "sold out." Such pressure is alluded to in the World Industries video, "Rubbish Heap", in which Mullen's sequence ends with a team member, Jeremy Klein, deliberately breaking his freestyle skateboard (which is also the first recorded focus of a skateboard) and then handing him a note from Rocco, accompanied by a street skateboard deck, in which the end of freestyle is declared.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 1991, Mullen joined the high-profile skateboarding team, Plan B Skateboards. Mike Ternasky, the owner of Plan B, influenced Mullen to transition from freestyle to street skating, and showcased his skills in the 1992 Plan B video, "Questionable". His segment begins with traditional freestyle tricks executed on flat ground, but quickly transitions into Mullen skateboarding across public terrain to shift into street skating tricks and lines. Mullen's video part signified a major transformation in relation to both his career and his skateboarding. Ternasky filmed Mullen as he sequenced tricks and mixed flip tricks with grinds and boardslides, while he also negotiated obstacles. Mullen also introduced two newly invented tricks in "Questionable", the kickflip underflip and the Casper slide.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen's "Questionable" performance might have marked the beginning of a new era in street skateboarding. His reluctant transition from freestyle to street skateboarding was a symbol that legitimized the technical direction street skating had taken over the previous few years. Mullen focused on the progression of this transition in subsequent Plan B videos, including 1993's "Virtual Reality", in which Mullen showcases the newly mastered trick, the darkslide. Mullen's participation in Plan B dissolved after Ternasky was killed in a car crash on May 17, 1994. Mullen later explained, "He was such a great person. He would lift you so high and that is why Plan B was what it was. And it was clear once Mike was gone that it was never the same."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 1997, Mullen started a company, the A-Team—along with Marc Johnson, Gershon Mosley, Dave Mayhew, and Chet Thomas—with the intention of forming a "super team." When A-Team folded in 2000, Mullen made the transition from company founder to company rider for Enjoi Skateboards. Former Maple rider, Marc Johnson, founded Enjoi Skateboards and also recruited riders Chris Cole and Bobby Puleo, with Jerry Hsu for the team.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: As a result of injuries accrued over many years riding in a fixed regular stance, from 2007 onward Mullen made a conscious effort to "erase" his riding stance, re-learning tricks (and in many cases learning new tricks he was unable to do previously riding regular) goofy and endeavoring to re-learn riding a skateboard neutrally in the absence of any preferential "natural stance." In an interview with Tony Hawk, Mullen explained that he had developed problems in his right hip joint, with scar tissue building up in his joint over years as a result of habitually hyper-extending his leg (e. g., doing the splits, a danger inherent in practicing riskier tricks such as darkslides) while skating. Mullen stated that through extensive stretching and the use of blunt objects he was able to break up the scar tissue in order to restore his range of motion.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: For me, it was a grinding to a halt, until I could barely walk really... I took about a couple of years, a year-and-a-half of breaking myself apart; pretty medievally. And as I did so, I realized that that was helping me unravel my stance; and so now, I've just been investigating, or pushing myself to try to, to, take apart my stance so that I no longer have one. And so it's not just doing everything switch, because everybody does whatever switch. It's to have no stance at a physical level. And so even what you did in your regular, native stance, it feels…new.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: The Almost company celebrated its 10th anniversary with an event at the Berrics indoor skate complex in early March 2014, and Mullen attended the venue for the first time. As part of the celebration, Mullen completed an interview with the Berrics that is titled "A Beautiful Mind," in which Mullen explained his current relationship with skateboarding: "Because we all have that fear of judgment…yeah, that's true. I'm like that—I'm afraid of being judged. I don't necessarily want to be seen in public sucking, getting older; but, what I keep inside, that joy of feeling what I do, rolling around, playing around—that's something I'm going to do as long as I can. That's who I am…who I am."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: The first video footage of Mullen skateboarding in nine years was published on Tony Hawk's RIDE "YouTube" channel in July 2014. Mullen appears in the video skateboarding at musician Ben Harper's residence and Harper also performs a single trick at the video's conclusion. The part was filmed by Ben Fordham of the Gracias L.A. brand, which released the "Gracias Skateboarding Volumen Uno" video in 2014 that also features Mullen.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Together with other members of the Almost team, Mullen appeared in a June 2015 photo retrospective of the Almost brand that was shot and curated by skateboard photographer Seu Trinh. Mullen was part of the Globe brand's "EUTrippin'" 2015 European tour, alongside other team members including Mark Appleyard and Haslam.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Around 1997, Mullen also initiated discussions with friend and fellow professional skateboarder, Daewon Song, to plan the video "Rodney vs. Daewon", released in 1997, which featured the two skaters "competing" with their respective video parts. The concept developed into a series and, , three "rounds" have been produced.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Around 2000, Mullen engaged in the development of his own skateboard truck design, a concept that would later become the foundation for the company Tensor. In 2000, Mullen filed for a United States Patent in support of his innovative work in the area and submitted the following abstract to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office:


title: Rodney Mullen

text: A skateboard having one or more truck assemblies configured to eliminate undesired ride characteristics such as hanger-jiggle and wheel bite, without sacrificing the skateboard's steering responsiveness. Each truck assembly includes an axle assembly with a ring-shaped hanger that is confined on a kingpin using a pair of bushings, at least one of which includes an annular flange that projects into an annular gap defined between the hanger and the kingpin. This prevents the hanger from moving laterally relative to the kingpin and thereby eliminates undesired ride characteristics such as hanger-jiggle and wheel bite. In a separate feature of the invention, the skateboard truck assembly further incorporates a low-friction slider plate that enhances the rider's performance of certain maneuvers and at the same time protects other components of the truck assembly from undue wear.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: A subsequent advertisement was released, entitled "The Patented Tensor Design." Tensor recruited team riders such as Daewon Song, Chris Cole, Chris Haslam, Salman Agah, Ryan Sheckler, Kanten Russell, and Gailea Momolu. , the Tensor team consists of Mullen, along with Daewon Song, Ronnie Creager, Enrique Lorenzo, Manny Santiago, Zered Bassett, Felipe Ortiz, and Joey Brezinski.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen subsequently left Enjoi to co-found Almost Skateboards with Daewon Song, who had been unable to find success with the two preceding deck companies that he had founded, Deca and Artefact. Mullen and Song proceeded to recruit Cooper Wilt (a former Artefact rider), Chris Haslam (a former Deca and Artefact rider), Greg Lutzka, and Ryan Scheckler to form the initial basis of the company.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: After years of success and controversy, Steve Rocco decided to sell World Industries. In 2002, World Industries, under the holding name "Kubic Marketing," was sold to Globe International for US$46 million. Its owner Rocca and Mullen, a principal investor, both became instant multimillionaires. Kubic's management remained intact, and Mullen began working for Globe under the Dwindle Distribution brand.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: , Mullen remains the co-owner and a team rider for the Almost brand; his role at Almost also includes research and development on new designs and technologies, including Impact Support, Double Impact, and Uber Light. The Uber Light design was a collaborative effort between Mullen and the CL Composites company, utilizing a design that consists of "a deck inside a deck," whereby, "The internal carbon fiber foam deck is ultra-light and nearly as stiff as metal. It acts like rebar, or a skeleton embodied by a standard 7-ply layup. It also vastly improved the lateral rigidity. The deck wears, slides, and looks like a normal 7-ply, but it's lighter and has a supernatural pop that lasts far longer than any normal deck."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen also contributes to the design of experimental and composite deck constructions for Dwindle's other brands, such as Blind and Darkstar.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen's popularity grew in 2000 when he made his first appearance in the "Tony Hawk's" video game series. Mullen has since appeared in various titles of the "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater" series including:


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 2015, Mullen wrote the foreword to the Dwindle and Globe history book "Unemployable: 30 Years of Hardcore, Skate and Street" reflecting upon his twenty-year involvement with those companies. In 2003, Mullen wrote and released his autobiography, "The Mutt: How to Skateboard and Not Kill Yourself".


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen has completed numerous public speaking engagements and has been invited to present on topics such as his personal life, skateboarding, innovation, creation, and the concept of community.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: The Lemelson Center at MIT invited Mullen to visit the center, a part of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History to discuss invention and innovation from within the context of American society. The Lemelson Center exchanged ideas and views with Mullen about skateboarding, in addition to the manner in which creativity and innovation can contribute to the development of an improved society.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen was invited by the Sapling Foundation, as part of its TED (Technology, Entertainment and Design) public speaking series, to present at the University of Southern California (USC) in June 2012. Mullen's talk was entitled, "How Context Shapes Content", and featured his perspectives on the manner in which the street-based context of skateboarding influences his practice, in addition to his view of the skateboarding community, whereby he compared the community to the open source and hacking movements. Mullen also spoke about resilience and creativity in a talk entitled "Getting Back Up" at the Pop!Tech "Sparks of Brilliance" event in October 2013.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In the first half of 2014, Mullen was invited by the O'Reilly Media technology company to present at its "Strata" and "Velocity" conferences, both of which were held in Santa Clara, California. Mullen's Strata presentation in February 2014 was titled "The Art of Good Practice" and consisted of an analysis of the nuanced way in which skateboarders practice their craft. Mullen then presented the "Build on a Bedrock of Failure" keynote in June 2014, in which he spoke of the way that "failure, pain, injury, recovery" are "embedded in the very notion of what it is to be a skateboarder."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In December 2010, Mullen stated in an interview that he was preparing to film a part for the upcoming Almost video, although he did not appear in the 2012 video, "5-Incher". In the 2011 Bright tradeshow interview, Mullen stated, "At first, I just wanted to be able to be alright and walk okay and run. And then it was like, okay, skate again and now it's like 'Yeah, I can do something new!'. So, if I can do that, then I'll film. If I can't, then I'll keep my skating private." Both the skateboard media and in responses from Almost indicate that a full part from Mullen is scheduled for release following "5-Incher"—Mullen was in attendance at the premiere of "5-Incher".


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 2002, Mullen won the "Transworld Skateboarding" Readers' Choice Award for Skater of the Year. In 2003, he was voted as the all-time greatest action sports athlete on the Extreme Sports Channel's "Legends of the Extreme" countdown. "Transworld" also included Mullen in its "30 Most Influential Skaters of All Time" list, released in December 2011 and he was elected into the third position, behind Tony Hawk (second) and Mark Gonzales (first).


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In May 2013, Mullen was an inductee of the Skateboarding Hall of Fame and was present at the award ceremony that was held in Anaheim, California. Fellow professional skateboarder Steve Caballero and musician Ben Harper shared their experiences of Mullen prior to the presentation of the award, and Caballero credited Mullen with changing the "face" of skateboarding.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Professional skateboarder Paul Rodriguez identified Mullen as one of his "top ten" professional skateboarders in July 2013. Rodriguez explained his selection on his personal website: If you really wanna know Gonz [Mark Gonzales] and Rodney Mullen pretty much innovated damn near everything in street skateboarding. Rodney has always had the most mind-boggling most difficult tricks on top of having invented 50, 60, who knows how many tricks. Just about every modern day flat ground trick that we are doing today he invented.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: "Transworld" has characterized him as possibly the most significant skater of all time, "Rodney Mullen built the house skateboarding lives in. After inventing the flatground ollie—in itself perhaps the most influential trick ever—he went on to unveil kickflips, backside flips, heelflips, 360 flips, double flips, impossibles, darkslides, and onward. Without Rodney, skateboarding would still be in the dark ages." Anthony Pappalardo of The RIDE Channel unequivocally stated, "From almost singled-handedly creating the entire vocabulary of flip-based tricks to revolutionizing the boards below our feet, Rodney Mullen is the biggest influence on modern skateboarding." In "Transworld Skateboarding" "Skater's Favorite Skater" video series, both Tony Hawk and Daewon Song have cited Rodney Mullen as their favorite skater.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen has publicly stated that an identification of his favorite skateboarders is an "endless" task. However, he has provided examples such as Chris Haslam, Bryan Herman, Paul Rodriguez, Antwuan Dixon, and Eric Koston.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 2010 Mullen stated that "skating is one of the greatest blessings I could have," but also expressed concern about the popularity of skateboarding "big stuff" due to the physical toll that it takes on the bodies of professional skateboarders: "So I think it is unhealthy and uncool… I see great skaters and their ankles and knees are ruined." Mullen expanded upon his perspective of skateboarding during his Lemelson Foundation interview:


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Skateboarding is as much, or more, an art of mode of expression than it is a sport. What skateboarding has given me is precisely that: a form of expression that drew me to it, and, in so doing, I was able to express and be who I wanted to be through it, in a sense. And establish myself within a community that were all essentially outsiders like myself. And by doing that, it gave me a place, a sense of belonging and, in the end, I was able to contribute, at a foundational level, a lot of the tricks that the entire community uses to express themselves. Which, again, is one of the beauties of skateboarding, is that we all draw from the same pool, and give back; so that others can do the same and keep expounding. Very much like an open source community.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: During his attendance at the Biarritz international skateboard festival, Mullen was interviewed in relation to a used Mike Carroll skateboard deck from Carroll's time with the Plan B company. Mullen reflected on the personal influence of Plan B founder Mike Ternasky during the interview: "I miss Mike. And the day Jacob called me and goes, "Mike's dead."—I replayed that so many times…and how instrumental that was in driving me forward in a way that kind of honoring what he gave me: A second chance. And how real that is. And it goes back to Stacy [Peralta]'s film—it's not what you do; it's what makes you do what you do, is the thing that has to be protected and nurtured. As long as that's there, intact…you can do anything."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In a June 2014 interview at O'Reilly Media's Velocity conference, Mullen stated that he does not believe that skateboarding can be categorized as a "sport". Mullen further explained that the self-expressive element of skateboarding shows that it is an art form, while the community element of skateboarding—whereby sharing of ideas occurs—distinguishes it as a "lifestyle" or "philosophy". Mullen also shared his perspective on goals and failure during the interview: "You focus so much on your failures and your weaknesses, it has a…paralyzing effect, where you're dwelling on stuff. For example, having goals: sometimes I have lofty goals, my friends do—we all do, we all have goals. But, if you fix yourself to that goal, and you don't see anything else on the horizon—which is natural, 'cos that what it takes, we all have that in our personality…but, sometimes, if you attach that to a goal that is out of your reach, and you continue to fail, it will just grind you into nothing. And if you dwell on that, it can end you."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullens says, "Just the enjoyment of doing what you want to do, all the way through—that's the beauty of skateboarding, that so many people actually never find their whole lives. And that's what skateboarding's given me: I can't wake up—I can't wait to wake up in the morning to try something new; a lot of times I can't sleep because I can't wait to try something new… and how many people never really experience that feeling, often; and that's why I skate."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: , Mullen resides in California with his girlfriend, Lori Guidroz. He describes himself as "juvenile" who prefers to skate during the night and on his own. He says, "Any eyes on me—a late-night street sweeper, some dude texting in his parked car, the homeless guy talking to himself—make me feel uncomfortable when I skate. Everyone expects me to do certain things. It puts a ceiling on your progress. You're blocked by your pride. To get good, you have to throw your board around and fall."


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen's interests extend beyond skateboarding and include mathematics, physics, engineering, and music. It has been publicly revealed that Mullen owns a pair of high-powered audio speakers, each weighing around , through which he plays a diverse range of music, including Sabaton and Beethoven: "Me and my neighbors, we have an understanding…and so I sit perfect, you know, triangle at the front. You sit there with the remote and you turn it up, just when it starts to hurt, and hit one more and then go like [presses his hands to his ears] that, and then you just feel it in your whole body for a while, as long as you can take it. And then you 'arrgh!', and then you turn it off you know and [hold his hand to his heart and breathes heavily], and then I go skate [laughs]. It's awesome, but only if I'm really usually, like, just sometimes when you really need it, you know?"


title: Rodney Mullen

text: In 2013 musicians Ben Harper and Lee Hartney revealed a close friendship with Mullen and described the skateboarder as a "brother". Mullen has also assisted Harper to learn skateboarding, as the musician has undertaken intensive practice in the fifth decade of his life.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen has spoken publicly about his spiritual beliefs, explaining in 2010: "The term religion bums me out. I can't go to church, I've got issues. I've got issues of non-conformity built into me…It's a personal thing and I get so scared about talking about it in public. This guy at HBO once said to me, 'Your skating is like a prayer.' That was the coolest thing anyone's ever said to me. That's what it is for me."


title: Wayne Dyer

text: Wayne Walter Dyer (May 10, 1940 – August 29, 2015) was an American self-help author and a motivational speaker. Dyer completed a Ed.D. in guidance and counseling at Wayne State University in 1970. Early in his career, he worked as a high school guidance counselor, and went on to run a successful private therapy practice. He became a popular professor of counselor education at St. John's University, where he was approached by a literary agent to put his ideas into book form. The result was his first book, "Your Erroneous Zones" (1976), one of the best-selling books of all time, with an estimated 100 million copies sold to date. This launched Dyer's career as a motivational speaker and self-help author, during which he published 20 more best-selling books and produced a number of popular specials for PBS. Influenced by thinkers such as Abraham Maslow and Albert Ellis, Dyer's early work focused on psychological themes such as motivation, self actualization and assertiveness. By the 1990s, the focus of his work had shifted to spirituality. Inspired by Swami Muktananda and New Thought, he promoted themes such as the "power of intention," collaborated with alternative medicine advocate Deepak Chopra on a number of projects, and was a frequent guest on the Oprah Winfrey Show.


title: Wayne Dyer

text: Dyer was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Melvin Lyle Dyer and Hazel Irene Vollick. He spent much of his first ten years in an orphanage on the east side of Detroit, after his father walked out on the family, leaving his mother to raise three small boys. After graduating from Denby High School, Dyer served in the United States Navy from 1958 to 1962. He received his Ed.D. degree in counseling from Wayne State University. His dissertation was titled "Group Counseling Leadership Training in Counselor Education".


title: Wayne Dyer

text: Dyer, a Detroit native, worked as a high school guidance counselor there and as a professor of counseling psychology at St. John's University in New York City. He pursued an academic career, published in journals, and established a private therapy practice. His lectures at St. John's University, which focused on positive thinking and motivational speaking techniques, attracted many students. Literary agent Arthur Pine persuaded Dyer to document his theories in his first book, called "Your Erroneous Zones" (1976). Dyer quit his teaching job and began a publicity tour of the United States, doggedly pursuing bookstore appearances and media interviews ("out of the back of his station wagon", according to Michael Korda, making the best-seller lists "before book publishers even noticed what was happening"). After "Your Erroneous Zones" dozens more books followed, many of them also best-sellers. Among them were "Wishes Fulfilled", "Excuses Begone" and "The Sky’s the Limit". The success of these books eventually led to national television talk show appearances including "The Merv Griffin Show", "The Tonight Show", and "The Phil Donahue Show".


title: Wayne Dyer

text: Dyer proceeded to build on his success with lecture tours, a series of audiotapes, PBS programs, and regular publication of new books. Dyer's message resonated with many in the New Thought Movement and beyond. He often recounted anecdotes from his family life and repeatedly used his own life experience as an example. His self-made man success story was a part of his appeal. Dyer told readers to pursue self actualization, calling reliance on the self a guide to "religious" experience, and suggested that readers emulate Jesus Christ, whom he termed both an example of a self-actualized person and a "preacher of self-reliance". Dyer criticized societal focus on guilt, which he saw as an unhealthy immobilization in the present due to actions taken in the past. He encouraged readers to see how parents, institutions, and even they, themselves, had imposed guilt trips upon themselves.


title: Wayne Dyer

text: Although Dyer initially resisted the spiritual tag, by the 1990s he had altered his message to include more components of spirituality when he wrote the book "Real Magic" and discussed higher consciousness in the book "Your Sacred Self".


title: Wayne Dyer

text: Wayne Dyer claimed Nisargadatta Maharaj as his teacher and cited the quotation: "Love says: 'I am everything'. Wisdom says: 'I am nothing'", from a compilation of talks on Shiva Advaita (Nondualism) philosophy I Am That. He was influenced by Abraham Maslow's concept of self-actualization and by the teachings of Swami Muktananda, whom he considered to be his Master. In his book, "Wishes Fulfilled; Mastering the Art of Manifesting", Dr. Dyer also credited Saint Francis of Assisi and the Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu as foundational influences in his work.


title: Wayne Dyer

text: "Pulling Your Own Strings" (Copyright 1978) was Dyers' second work as sole author. It developed the idea of habitual "belief systems" hampering our personal effectiveness. Chapter 7, "Never Place Loyalty to Institutions and Things Above Loyalty to Yourself," included "Strategies for eliminating institutional victimisation."


title: Wayne Dyer

text: "The Sky is the Limit" (copyright 1980) was the third work by Dyer as sole author. In it, Dyer introduced the concept of the "critical inch", that portion of life in which the ultimate meaning of our lives is considered. He was critical of the "hurry up" Western world. In Chapter 8, "Cultivating a sense of Purpose," he recommended such strategies as "Do something you have never done before," "Make a point to talk to a stranger today," and "Stop defending things as they have always been."