title: Encephalopathy

text: Diagnosis is frequently clinical. That is, no set of tests give the diagnosis, but the entire presentation of the illness with nonspecific test results informs the experienced clinician of the diagnosis.


title: Encephalopathy

text: Treatment varies according to the type and severity of the encephalopathy. Anticonvulsants may be prescribed to reduce or halt any seizures. Changes to diet and nutritional supplements may help some people. In severe cases, dialysis or organ replacement surgery may be needed.


title: Encephalopathy

text: Sympathomimetic drugs can increase motivation, cognition, motor performance and alertness in persons with encephalopathy caused by brain injury, chronic infections, strokes, brain tumors.


title: Encephalopathy

text: When the encephalopathy is caused by untreated celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, the gluten-free diet stops the progression of brain damage and improves the headaches.


title: Encephalopathy

text: Treating the underlying cause of the disorder may improve or reverse symptoms. However, in some cases, the encephalopathy may cause permanent structural changes and irreversible damage to the brain. These permanent deficits can be considered a form of stable dementia. Some encephalopathies can be fatal.


title: Encephalopathy

text: Encephalopathy is a difficult term because it can be used to denote either a disease or finding (i.e., an observable sign in a person).


title: Encephalopathy

text: When referring to a finding, encephalopathy refers to permanent (or degenerative) brain injury, or a reversible one. It can be due to direct injury to the brain, or illness remote from the brain. The individual findings that cause a clinician to refer to a person as having encephalopathy include intellectual disability, irritability, agitation, delirium, confusion, somnolence, stupor, coma and psychosis. As such, describing a person as having a clinical picture of encephalopathy is not a very specific description.


title: Encephalopathy

text: When referring to a disease, encephalopathy refers to a wide variety of brain disorders with very different etiologies, prognoses and implications. For example, prion diseases, all of which cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are invariably fatal, but other encephalopathies are reversible and can have a number of causes including nutritional deficiencies and toxins.


title: Inazuma Eleven

text: A number of anime television series have been produced by Level-5, in conjunction with TV Tokyo and OLM.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Viktor Felixovich Vekselberg (, ; born April 14, 1957) is a Ukrainian-born Russian–Israeli-Cyprus oligarch, billionaire, and businessman. He is the owner and president of Renova Group, a Russian conglomerate. According to "Forbes", as of November 2021, his fortune is estimated at $9.3 billion, making him the 262nd richest person in the world.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Vekselberg is close to the Kremlin, overseeing projects to modernize the Russian economy. In April 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on him and 23 other Russian nationals in relation to Russia's annexation of Crimea, officially freezing up to $2 billion in assets. In March 2022, following Russia's invasion against Ukraine, the United States strengthened its sanctions and the UK, EU and Australia also placed sanctions on Vekselberg, thereby seizing his assets and imposing a travel ban.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Viktor Vekselberg was born in 1957 to a Ukrainian Jewish father and a Russian mother in Drohobych, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (although some reports state that he was born in Lviv). All of Vekselberg’s family of seventeen fell victims to the Holocaust. They were murdered and buried in a mass grave during the Nazi repressions in Drohobych, Western Ukraine. Only Vekselberg’s father and his cousin survived the massacre. Vekselberg’s father had gone off to war, while his neighbors hid his cousin in a pit-house for almost four years. At the end of the war, she managed to flee to the territory that was controlled by the U.S. troops and later she moved to the U.S.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 1979, he graduated from the Moscow State University of Railway Engineering. After that, he worked as a researcher and headed the laboratory of the Design Bureau for rodless pumps "Konnas".


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 1988, after the Gorbachev administration relaxed restrictions on private business as part of its new policy Perestroika and Glasnost, he founded NPO Komvek which did work for the Irkutsk Aluminum Plant and in 1990, he co-founded Renova Group with college classmate, Leonard Blavatnik. KomVek owned 67% of Renova and Blavatnik's company Access Industries owned the remainder. He benefited financially from the privatization of the aluminum industry in Russia under the Yeltsin administration in 1993. In 1996, he co-founded the Siberian-Urals Aluminium Company (SUAL) via a merger of the Ural and Irkutsk Aluminum Plants. (SUAL would later be incorporated into United Company RUSAL, the largest aluminum company in the world). Using revenues generated from his aluminum business, he purchased a minority interest in Tyumen Oil (TNK), one of Russia's largest oil and gas companies. In 1997, he secured a controlling interest in Tyumen and was appointed to the board of directors; in 1998, he was appointed chairman of the board. Later, he integrated those and other assets under the umbrella of Renova Group, delegating operating responsibilities to managers.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 2003, the Renova Group, along with Access Industries (owned by Leonard Blavatnik) and the Alfa Group (owned by Mikhail Fridman, German Khan, and Alexei Kuzmichov) announced the creation of a strategic partnership to jointly hold their oil assets in Russia and Ukraine, forming the AAR consortium. In the same year, they merged AAR with British Petroleum's Russian oil assets in a 50-50 joint venture named TNK-BP, the largest private transaction in Russian history. Acting as a chairman of the executive board of TNK, Vekselberg was instrumental in negotiating and closing the transaction.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In April 2009, Swiss Federal Finance Department initiated a criminal investigation against Vekselberg in connection to alleged violations of securities law. As a result of the investigation, Vekselberg was fined $38m by Swiss authorities.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 2008, Vekselberg proxied a deal between Russian and Hungarian governments, buying the former embassy building from Hungary for $21m and immediately selling it to the Russian government for $116m, while the market price of the building was estimated at $50m. Investigation of the paper trail by Alexey Navalny and the Rospil project has found several invalid and backdated documents, thus suggesting a collusion (e.g. the tender held by the Hungarian side was totally fictive, as the building was already sold by that time). Hungarian officials responsible for the deal (Tátrai Miklós, Marta Horvathne Fekszi and Arpad Szekely) were detained in February 2011. On the Russian side, a criminal investigation was only started in August 2013.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 2010, Vekselberg was appointed President of the Skolkovo Foundation, a non-profit organization funded by a mix of private investors and the Russian government, with the goal of building a technology research hub in Russia. As its president, Vekselberg signed a deal for Cisco Systems to invest $1 billion over ten years into Skolkovo Foundation projects. The Federal Bureau of Investigation subsequently issued a statement claiming that the Skolkovo Foundation was being used by the Russian government to gain access to classified American technology.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In May 2010 Vekselberg reported that he would be relocating from Zurich to the Zug canton, a region of Switzerland that still supports the lump sum tax policy which was abolished by Zurich.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In March 2017, he was offered citizenship of the Republic of Cyprus due to his investments in the country; however, a spokesperson for Vekselberg reiterated that he only had Russian citizenship.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Vekselberg is one of many Russian "oligarchs" named in the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) signed into law by President Donald Trump in 2017.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In March 2018, members from Robert Mueller's team of special counsel investigators questioned Vekselberg at a New York area airport.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In April 2018, the United States Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on Vekselberg and Renova Group through designation under ("Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine").


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: A cybersecurity startup company associated with Israeli Prime Minister candidate, Benny Gantz, closed due to funds that the U.S. had frozen belonging to the subject who was an investor in Gantz's tech company, The Fifth Dimension and who was caught up in the Mueller probe of Stormy Daniel's payoff by former Trump lawyer, Michael Cohen, who had developed close ties with the subject.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In February 2021, Vekselberg complained that more than $1.5 billion of his funds were frozen in American and Swiss bank accounts and that he was not allowed to send "small amounts" to charity.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: On September 1, 2022, several properties believed to be linked to Vekselberg were searched by the FBI and Deparment of Homeland Security. The inspection included an apartment in Manhattan; an estate in the Hamptons, New York; and property on Fisher Island in Florida. Officials were seen carrying boxes out of the two New York locations.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, United States President Joseph R. Biden signed , "Prohibiting Certain Imports, Exports, and New Investment With Respect to Continued Russian Federation Aggression," an order of economic sanctions under the United States International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The order targeted two properties of Vekselberg worth an estimated $180 million: the an Airbus A319-115 jet and the motoryacht "Tango". Estimates of the value of the "Tango" range from $90 million (U.S. Department of Justice estimate) to $120 million (from the website Superyachtfan.com).


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In April 2022, the yacht was seized by Civil Guard of Spain and U.S. federal agents in Mallorca. A United States Department of Justice press release states that the seizure of the "Tango" was by request of Task Force KleptoCapture, an interagency task force operated through the United States Deputy Attorney General.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: The matter is pending in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The affidavit for the seizure warrant states that the yacht is seized on probable cause to suspect violations of (conspiracy to commit bank fraud), (International Emergency Economic Powers Act), and (money laundering), and as authorized by American statutes on civil and criminal asset forfeiture.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In February 2004, Vekselberg purchased nine Fabergé Imperial Easter eggs from the Forbes publishing family in New York City. The collection was transported to Russia and exhibited in the Kremlin and in Dubrovnik in 2007. Vekselberg is the single largest owner of Fabergé eggs in the world, owning fifteen of them (nine Imperial, two Kelch, and four other Fabergé eggs). In a 2013 BBC Four documentary, Vekselberg revealed that he had spent just over $100 million purchasing the nine Fabergé Imperial eggs from the Forbes collection. He claims never to have displayed them in his home, saying he bought them because they are important to Russian history and culture, and he believed them to be the best jewelry art in the world. In the same BBC documentary, Vekselberg revealed plans to open a museum to display the eggs in his collection. The result was the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia, which had its official opening ceremony on November 19, 2013.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In September 2006, Vekselberg agreed to pay approximately $1 million in expenses to transport the Lowell House Bells from Harvard University in the United States back to their original location in the Danilov Monastery and to purchase replacement bells. The historic bells returned to Moscow on September 12, 2008, with the assistance of the U.S. director of the organization, Edward Mermelstein.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Vekselberg paid £1.7 million at a Christie's auction in 2005 for "Odalisque", a nude said to be the work of Russian artist Boris Kustodiev. However, soon after the purchase, experts working for Vekselberg's art fund, Aurora, began to cast doubt on the picture's authenticity. They claimed that Kustodiev's signature, dated 1919, was done in aluminium-based pigment not available until after the artist's death in 1927. Vekselberg sued Christie's, and the judge ruled in July 2012 that he was entitled to recover the £1.7 million that he paid for the painting, plus Christie's was ordered to pay around £1 million in costs.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: He donated $4.5 million to the construction of the $50 million Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center in Moscow, and is the chairman of the museum's board of trustees. He finances the restoration and construction of synagogues in Russia, including the construction of the Choral Synagogue in Saratov.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 2019, a monument was opened in Moscow to commemorate resistance heroes in concentration camps and ghettos. Vekselberg donated $300,000 to its creation.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic began, Viktor Vekselberg donated 180 million rubles to buy medical equipment, personal protective equipment, and food for socially vulnerable groups of citizens.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: In 2021, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov awarded Viktor Vekselberg, among other leaders of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, for helping to bring back Russian tourists from abroad.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: He is married to Marina and has two children, a daughter and a son. His father is Jewish, and his mother Christian. He identifies himself as multi-national and does not attend weekly synagogue or church services.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Vekselberg is a longtime friend and business partner of British–American billionaire and major Republican Party donor Len Blavatnik, who is close to former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.


title: Viktor Vekselberg

text: Being placed under sanctions by President Trump's administration he names to be his personal tragedy, because he was left unable to visit his daughter and grandson in New York.


title: Justin Turner

text: Justin Matthew Turner (born November 23, 1984) is an American professional baseball third baseman who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, New York Mets and Los Angeles Dodgers.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. He was selected in the seventh round of the 2006 MLB draft by the Cincinnati Reds, and made his major league debut in 2009. With the Dodgers, Turner was an All-Star in 2017, and won the 2017 National League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award. He won the 2020 World Series with the Dodgers.


title: Justin Turner

text: Justin Turner was born in Long Beach, California, to John and Betsy Turner. He has one younger sister.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner attended Mayfair High School in Lakewood, California, earning three-time All-Suburban first team honors as a shortstop and second baseman. He hit .514 in league play as a senior, earning most valuable player honors en route to a league title.


title: Justin Turner

text: He attended California State University, Fullerton, where he majored in kinesiology and played college baseball for the Titans. He earned freshman All-American honors from "Baseball America" in 2003 after quickly taking over as the starting second baseman. He was named to the 2003 College World Series all-tournament team as a shortstop. During the CWS, Turner was hit in the face by a fastball after going 3-for-3 including a home run. The next year, Cal State Fullerton won a two-game final over Texas in the 2004 College World Series. In 2005, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner was selected in the 29th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft by the New York Yankees, but he did not sign. He was selected in the seventh round (204th overall) of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft by the Cincinnati Reds, receiving a $50,000 bonus upon signing with the organization.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner reported to the Reds' Rookie League affiliate, the Billings Mustangs, where he saw time at all four infield positions and in the outfield, finishing the season with a team-leading .338 batting average and a .921 OPS. He was promoted to Double-A Chattanooga within two years, finishing the 2008 season, at age 23, with a .289 average and a .792 OPS at that level.


title: Justin Turner

text: On December 9, 2008, during the Winter Meetings, Turner was traded along with utility player Ryan Freel and infielder Brandon Waring to the Baltimore Orioles, in return for catcher Ramón Hernández. He was invited to spring training as a non-roster invitee; upon its conclusion, he was assigned to Triple-A Norfolk for the 2009 season. Playing mostly second and third base, he finished the year with a .300 average and a .749 OPS.


title: Justin Turner

text: The Orioles purchased Turner's contract on September 8, 2009. He made his major league debut that day at Fenway Park, pinch hitting for Melvin Mora and finishing the game at third base. Three days later, he got his first major league hit at Yankee Stadium, a single to center field off Michael Dunn. He finished the season 3–18, having appeared in 12 games, three of them starts (all at third base).


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner was invited to spring training as a member of the 40-man roster, but was demoted to Norfolk at the end of camp. However, on April 12, 2010, the Orioles placed starting second baseman Brian Roberts on the 15-day injured list and recalled Turner from Norfolk. On May 21, 2010, Turner was designated for assignment by the Baltimore Orioles. In 17 games with the Orioles, he hit .111 (3 hits in 27 at-bats).


title: Justin Turner

text: On May 25, 2010, Turner was claimed off waivers from the Orioles by the New York Mets and optioned to Triple-A Buffalo. On June 16, Turner was called up to the Mets, with Nick Evans being sent down to Buffalo.


title: Justin Turner

text: After designating Brad Emaus for assignment on April 19, 2011, the Mets called Turner back up. He hit his first major league home run against the Houston Astros on May 15, 2011, off Aneury Rodriguez. A three-run home run, it capped off a 5-RBI day for Turner. On May 21, in a Subway Series game at Yankee Stadium, Turner collected an RBI in his 7th consecutive game, setting a Mets rookie record for most consecutive games with an RBI. With this record and other impressive stats, Turner was named the NL Rookie of the Month for May 2011. He was the first Met to win the award since its creation in 2001.


title: Justin Turner

text: In 2012, the Mets converted him to an all-around utility infielder but on May 6, 2012, when shortstop Ruben Tejada went on the injured list Turner began platooning at shortstop with Jordany Valdespin until Tejada returned.


title: Justin Turner

text: After the 2013 season, Turner was non-tendered by the Mets, making him a free agent. In 301 games with the Mets over four seasons, he hit .265.


title: Justin Turner

text: Following his release from the Mets, Turner had not yet found a new employer when Los Angeles Dodgers bench coach Tim Wallach saw Turner hitting at a Cal State Fullerton Alumni game. Turner signed a minor league contract with the Dodgers on February 5, 2014, with an invitation to spring training. His contract was purchased by the Dodgers on March 16 and he was added to the Major League roster.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner had a breakout season in 2014, playing 109 games due to his versatility and injuries to both Hanley Ramírez and Juan Uribe. Turner led the team with a .340 batting average, hitting 7 home runs with 43 RBI in 288 at bats.


title: Justin Turner

text: On January 16, 2015, he signed a one-year, $2.5 million contract with the Dodgers, avoiding salary arbitration. He became the starting third baseman for much of the 2015 season and hit .294 with a career high 16 homers and 60 RBI.


title: Justin Turner

text: In the 2015 National League Division Series against his former team, the Mets, Turner led the Dodgers with 10 hits in 19 ABs for a .526 average, with an LDS record 6 of those hits being doubles. The Dodgers, however, went on to lose the series. After the post-season, he underwent arthroscopic surgery on his left knee. He signed a new one year, $5.1 million, contract with the Dodgers in order to avoid salary arbitration in January 2016.


title: Justin Turner

text: In 2016, Turner played in a career-high 151 games, and also had career highs in home runs (27) and RBI (90), while batting .275. He had six hits (including a home run) in 15 at-bats in the 2016 National League Division Series, but struggled in the 2016 National League Championship Series, hitting only .200.


title: Justin Turner

text: On December 23, 2016, the Dodgers signed Turner to a four-year contract valued at $64 million. Turner started the 2017 season batting .379 before going on the injured list with a strained right hamstring, which kept him out of action from May 18 through June 9. On July 6, he won the All-Star Final Vote, earning a spot in the 2017 Major League Baseball All-Star Game with 20.8 million votes, a Final Vote record. Turner finished the season with a .322 batting average, a .415 on-base percentage, 21 home runs, and 71 RBI, finishing third in the NL in batting average and second in on-base percentage. In the 2017 NLDS, he had six hits in 13 at-bats (.462 average), including a winning home run in the ninth inning of Game 2 against the Chicago Cubs. Turner and Chris Taylor were selected as the co-MVPs of the 2017 National League Championship Series, where he batted .333 with two home runs and seven RBI. However, in the 2017 World Series, he had only four hits in 25 at-bats, for a .160 average as the Dodgers lost to the Houston Astros in seven games. Turner broke Dusty Baker's franchise record for most RBI in a single post-season when he drove in his 14th run in Game One of the World Series.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner was hit by a pitch on his left wrist during a spring training game on March 19, 2018. He suffered a non-displaced fracture, which did not require surgery but put him on the injured list to begin the season. He did not rejoin the Dodgers until May 15. Turner also missed time following the All-Star break, but rebounded in August and September. He was voted the National League Player of the Month for August after batting .402 (39-for-97) with 22 runs, 11 doubles, 1 triple, 6 home runs, 20 RBIs and a stolen base across 25 August games. On September 4, 2018, Turner was named the Los Angeles Dodgers' 2018 nominee for the Roberto Clemente Award, an annual award given to the player who "best exemplifies the game of baseball, sportsmanship, and community involvement." In 202 at-bats after the All-Star break, Turner hit .356 with a 1.066 OPS, 24 doubles and 9 home runs. Turner would finish the season with a .312 batting average, 14 home runs and 52 RBIs. Turner's hot streak continued in the 2018 NLDS, where he reached base in 9 of 18 plate appearances. He went on to hit .333 (8-for-24) in the 2018 World Series, which his team lost to the Boston Red Sox.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner hit a career-high three home runs and drove in six runs against the Atlanta Braves on May 8 in a 9–0 win. On June 14, he hit his 100th career home run off of Kyle Hendricks in a 5–3 win against the Chicago Cubs.


title: Justin Turner

text: For the season, he batted .290/.372/.509 with 27 home runs and 67 RBIs. On defense in 2019, he had -3 Defensive Runs Saved (DRS), the 13th-lowest among the 17 qualifying third basemen.


title: Justin Turner

text: The 2020 season was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, shortening the season to only 60 games. On Opening Day, Turner was hit with a pitch for the 73rd time as a Dodger, tying the franchise record set by Zack Wheat. He broke that record on August 5 in San Diego. He was hampered during the season by a hamstring strain that caused him to miss two weeks of the shortened season.


title: Justin Turner

text: He played in 42 games for the Dodgers, hitting .307/.400/.460 with four homers and 23 RBIs. He was voted by his teammates as the winner of the Roy Campanella Award, the first three-time winner in franchise history. Turner was hitless in eight at-bats in the first round playoff series. In the third game of the 2020 National League Division Series, Turner moved past Steve Garvey for the most playoff hits in Dodgers franchise history with his 64th. He had two hits and two RBI in 10 at-bats in the series. Turner had seven hits, including a home run, in 25 at-bats in the 2020 National League Championship Series and advanced to play in his third World Series.


title: Justin Turner

text: In the 2020 World Series against the Tampa Bay Rays, Turner had eight hits (including two home runs) in 25 at-bats as the Dodgers won the championship. During the 8th inning of Game 6, he was pulled from the game because he had tested positive for COVID-19, before returning to the field to take the official celebratory photo with his teammates and staff, in violation of MLB protocols, leading to criticism from many in the media. Turner apologized for his actions a few days later.


title: Justin Turner

text: On February 19, 2021, Turner re-signed with the Dodgers on a two-year, $34 million contract, with a $14 million option for a third year.


title: Justin Turner

text: On August 29, 2021, Turner made his pitching debut in the 9th inning of the Dodgers' 5–0 loss to the Colorado Rockies. He threw 10 pitches (his fastest was 76 mph) for all 3 outs, gave up 0 runs, and exited the game to a standing ovation. In 2021, he played in 151 games with a .278 batting average, 27 home runs and 87 RBI. Turner struggled in the postseason, with only four hits in 38 at-bats (one home run) in the Wild Card, NLDS and NLCS. He strained his hamstring while running to first base in Game 4 of the NLCS and was ruled out of appearing in any future playoff games in 2021.


title: Justin Turner

text: In 2022, Turner split his time between third base and designated hitter, appearing in 128 games and batting .278 with 13 homers and 81 RBIs. He had the slowest sprint speed of any major league third baseman, at 25.0 feet per second. On November 10, the Dodgers declined his $16 million option for the 2023 season, making him a free agent.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner married longtime girlfriend Kourtney Pogue in December 2017. His wedding, which took place at a beachfront resort in Mexico, was officiated by Orel Hershiser, former Dodger pitcher and current color commentator and analyst for the Dodgers on SportsNet LA. Turner and his wife reside in Studio City, Los Angeles.


title: Justin Turner

text: Turner and his wife founded the Justin Turner Foundation, a 501(c)3 organization which benefits homeless veterans, children battling life-altering illnesses, and various youth baseball organizations. The foundation hosts an annual charity golf tournament, is an official charity for the LA Marathon, and partners with the Dream Center, 17Strong, and Paralyzed Veterans of America. The Los Angeles City Council declared January 22, 2019 "Justin Turner Day" in honor of Turner's civic contributions.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: The 2018 New York gubernatorial election occurred on November 6, 2018. Incumbent Democratic Governor Andrew Cuomo won re-election to a third term, defeating Republican Marc Molinaro and several minor party candidates. Cuomo received 59.6% of the vote to Molinaro's 36.2%.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Cuomo defeated actress and activist Cynthia Nixon in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Cuomo's running mate, Lieutenant Governor Kathy Hochul, outpolled New York City Councillor Jumaane Williams in the Democratic primary for the lieutenant governorship. Democratic candidates Cuomo and Hochul also ran on the ballot lines of the Independence Party, and the Women's Equality Party; after Nixon and Williams withdrew from the race in October, Cuomo and Hochul received the nomination of the Working Families Party as well.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Dutchess County Executive and former New York State Assemblymember Marc Molinaro was the Republican, Conservative, and Reform Party candidate. Molinaro's running mate was former Rye City Councilmember Julie Killian. Third-party gubernatorial candidates appearing on the general election ballot included Howie Hawkins, repeat candidate for the Green Party; former Syracuse Mayor Stephanie Miner, running on the newly created Serve America Movement line; and Larry Sharpe of the Libertarian Party, who was the runner-up in the 2016 Libertarian primary contest for Vice President of the United States.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: On election day, Cuomo ultimately won re-election by a large margin, as is typical in the now deeply-blue state of New York. Cuomo flipped Monroe, Suffolk and Ulster counties back into the Democratic column; all three had supported him in 2010 but narrowly backed Republican Rob Astorino in 2014. Molinaro, however, flipped the North Country counties of Clinton, Franklin, and Essex, as well as Broome County in the Southern Tier, into the Republican column.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: , this, along with the concurrent Attorney General election, Senate election and Comptroller election, is the last time Richmond or Suffolk counties have voted Democratic.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: This is also the last time Cuomo would win re-election to the governorship; in 2021, he would resign from office and be succeeded by Hochul.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Incumbent Democratic governor Andrew Cuomo decided to seek re-election in 2014 to a second term in office. Governor Cuomo defeated Zephyr Teachout in a primary election, 63% to 33%, and went on to defeat the Republican nominee, Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino, 54% to 40%, in the general election. His margin of victory — and his vote tallies in rural upstate New York counties — declined in his bid for re-election, but Cuomo was still elected comfortably.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: New York gubernatorial elections operate on a split primary system: governor and lieutenant governor candidates in each party run in separate primary elections. In the general election, candidates are chosen as unified governor/lieutenant governor tickets. New York allows electoral fusion, in which candidates may appear on multiple ballot lines in the same election.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: The results of the gubernatorial election also determine ballot access and ballot order. A party's gubernatorial candidate must receive 50,000 votes or more for that party to obtain automatic ballot status in New York for the following four years.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: On November 15, 2016, incumbent Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced his intention to seek a third term in office. On May 23, 2018, incumbent governor Andrew Cuomo secured the nomination of the Democratic Party at the state convention after winning support from more than 95% of the state delegates. No other candidates qualified for the primary ballot at the convention, as they all failed to meet the required 25% delegate threshold. Actress and activist Cynthia Nixon sought to petition her way onto the Democratic primary ballot. By July 12, Nixon had obtained 65,000 petition signatures, which is more than four times the 15,000 required to force a primary election.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: On May 23, 2018, the party unanimously nominated Marc Molinaro as its candidate for Governor of New York at its state convention. No challengers attempted to petition onto the primary ballot, so no Republican primary took place. Deputy Senate Majority Leader John A. DeFrancisco ran for the Republican nomination, but withdrew his candidacy on April 25, 2018, after party leaders—who had initially given him their support—threw their support to Molinaro instead.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: In addition to the Democratic and Republican Parties, six other political parties will have automatic ballot access; all six have chosen to exercise it. In order of ballot appearance, those parties are:


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Any candidate not among the eight qualified New York political parties (Democratic, Republican, Conservative, Green, Working Families, Independence, Women's Equality and Reform, respectively) was required to submit petitions to gain ballot access. Such candidates did not face primary elections. At the time, third parties whose respective gubernatorial candidates received at least 50,000 votes in the general election secured automatic ballot access in all state and federal elections through the 2022 elections, but due to a 2020 law to change the requirements 4 parties lost that access in 2020 (Libertarian, Independence, Working Families, Serve America Movement).


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: On July 12, 2017, Larry Sharpe, business consultant and runner-up in the 2016 Libertarian Party vice presidential primary, officially announced that he would run for Governor of New York in 2018. Sharpe was the first person to announce his candidacy to run against incumbent governor Andrew Cuomo. On August 19, 2018, the Libertarian Party announced it had collected over 30,000 signatures to place its ticket onto the November ballot. Sharpe's petitions survived a petition challenge.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: On June 18, 2018, former Syracuse Mayor Stephanie Miner, after expressing informal interest in the Working Families and Reform nominations, entered the gubernatorial race as a third-party candidate. Miner "plans to run under the banner of an upstart new group, the Serve America Movement, which calls itself SAM, formed by people disaffected by the existing party structure after the 2016 elections. She will be the group's first candidate." Miner circulated designating petitions to create a SAM Party in New York, and on August 21, her campaign announced that it had submitted over 40,000 petition signatures. Miner's submitted petitions far exceeded the 15,000 required to qualify for the November ballot. Persons tied to the Cuomo campaign, after reviewing the petitions, failed to find enough specific objections to challenge their validity.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Jimmy McMillan, the party's founder and figurehead indicated on the party website that he would make another attempt at the office. He submitted petitions on August 21, 2018, with himself as the gubernatorial nominee and Christialle Felix as his running mate. When the ballot order was released, McMillan and the Rent Is Too Damn High Party had been disqualified and removed from the ballot.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: On November 6, 2018, the Cuomo-Hochul ticket defeated the Molinaro-Killian ticket by a margin of 59.6%–36.2%. Cuomo received 3,635,430 votes, making him the top vote earner in any New York gubernatorial election in history.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Cuomo was sworn in for a third term as governor on January 1, 2019. He would resign from the governorship on August 10, 2021, following sexual harassment allegations and a nursing home scandal that plagued his third term. Cuomo also faced poor polling numbers; he barely polled ahead of Republican Lee Zeldin and Rob Astorino in 2021.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Molinaro's crushing election defeat and the Republican loss of the State Senate caused many members in the New York GOP to turn openly against then-Chairman Edward Cox, who they blamed for failing to financially or structurally support the party's election campaigns. On May 27, 2019, Cox announced that he would not run for another term as chair that year, choosing to join Donald Trump's reelection campaign instead. On July 2, the state party committee elected Nick Langworthy as the new party chairman.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: Stephanie Miner also lost her ballot access for the Serve America Movement as of New York State election law of December 2021.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: The Libertarian Party of New York lost their ballot access with Larry Sharpe's 95,033 votes under new New York State election law requirements as of December, 2021.


title: 2018 New York gubernatorial election

text: The Women's Equality Party and Reform Party of New York both lost automatic ballot access by failing to meet the requirements of the New York State election law of December 2021.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: Adar Poonawalla (born 14 January 1981) is an Indian billionaire businessman. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Serum Institute of India. Founded in 1966 by his father, Cyrus Poonawalla, it is the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by number of doses produced.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: Adar Poonawalla was educated at The Bishop's School (Pune) and at the St Edmund's School Canterbury followed by the University of Westminster.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: Poonawalla joined the Serum Institute of India in 2001 after graduating from university. Then exporting its products to 35 countries, Poonawalla concentrated on the company's international market, new products license and getting pre-qualified by the World Health Organization for supply to United Nations Agencies including UNICEF and PAHO. As of 2015, he has helped the company export its products to over 140 countries; 85 percent of its revenues are from overseas.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: In 2011, he became the CEO. In 2012, he played a major role in the acquisition of Bilthoven Biologicals, a Netherlands-based government vaccine manufacturing company. Poonawalla is a board member of the GAVI Alliance, the global vaccine alliance.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: He initiated and launched in 2014; Serum Institute's oral polio vaccine, which became a bestseller for the company. It was reported that he planned to expand the product portfolio to include vaccines for dengue, flu and cervical cancer during the same year.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: On 31 May 2021, he was appointed as the chairman of Magma Fincorp, after acquiring a 66% stake in the financial services company.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: In an interview with ‘The Times’, Poonawalla declared that he left India for London because of threats demanding COVID-19 vaccines. Poonawalla also said that he will start Covid vaccine production outside India in addition to the ongoing production in India. He was provided with ‘Y’ category security by the Indian government as the threats were made public.


title: Adar Poonawalla

text: In 2020, SII announced that it would donate $66 million to the University of Oxford to fund the creation of the Poonawalla Vaccines Research Building.


title: Provolone

text: Provolone (, ) is an Italian cheese. It is an aged "pasta filata" (stretched-curd) cheese originating in Campania near Vesuvius, where it is still produced in pear, sausage, or cone shapes long. Provolone-type cheeses are also produced in other countries. The most important provolone production region today is Northwestern Italy and the city of Cremona. Provolone, provola, and provoleta are versions of the same basic cheese. Some versions of provolone are smoked.


title: Provolone

text: The term "provolone" (meaning "large provola") appeared around the end of the 19th century, when it started to be manufactured in the southern regions of Italy and assumed its current large size. The smaller sized variant is called provola and comes in plain and smoked ("affumicata") varieties.


title: Provolone

text: Modern provolone is a full-fat cow's milk cheese with a smooth skin, produced mainly in the Po River Valley regions of Lombardy and Veneto. It is produced in different shapes: like a very large sausage which may be up to in diameter and long, in a truncated bottle shape, and in a large pear shape with the characteristic round knob for hanging. The typical weight is .


title: Provolone

text: Provolone is a semi-hard cheese with taste varying greatly from "provolone piccante" (sharp, piquant), aged for a minimum of four months and with a very sharp taste, to "provolone dolce" (sweet) with a very mild taste. In "provolone piccante", the distinctive piquant taste is produced with lipase (enzyme) derived from goat. The "dolce" version uses calf's lipase instead.


title: Provolone

text: Both "Provolone Valpadana" and "Provolone del Monaco" (meaning "monk's provolone"; from the Naples area of Italy) have received Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) from the European Union, meaning no country other than Italy may legally produce a cheese called that.


title: Provolone

text: In Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay, small discs of locally produced pulled-curd provolone of in diameter and in height are sometimes grilled until partially melted and eaten as a starter, often seasoned with herbs. The cheese when served this way is often called "provoleta" in Spanish.


title: Valerie Pachner

text: Valerie Pachner grew up in Bad Schallerbach, Austria, and studied acting at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna from 2009 to 2013. She was then part of the ensemble cast at the Residenztheater in Munich, under artistic director Martin Kušej until 2017. Her work on stage was awarded twice in 2016.


title: Valerie Pachner

text: Pachner starred as the female lead in the 2015 film "Bad Luck" (directed by Thomas Woschitz), which was nominated for the Max-Ophüls-Preis. After that she appeared in Elisabeth Scharang's "Jack" and Maria Schrader's biopic of the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig, "Vor der Morgenröte ()", playing Zweig's stepdaughter alongside Barbara Sukowa and Josef Hader as Zweig.


title: Valerie Pachner

text: For her portrayal of Egon Schiele's muse Wally Neuzil in Dieter Berner's "" she was awarded the Austrian Film Award and the Romy.


title: Valerie Pachner

text: In 2019 "The Ground Beneath My Feet" by Marie Kreutzer was selected to compete for the Golden Bear at the 69th Berlin International Film Festival. Pachner's leading performance was critically acclaimed internationally and earned her three awards, including the German Acting Award for Best Actress. The film had a limited theatrical release in the U.S. and was named one of The 10 Best Movies of 2019 by Vanity Fair.


title: Valerie Pachner

text: The same year, Terrence Malick's "A Hidden Life" with Pachner playing the female lead, Franziska Jägerstätter, premiered in competition at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival. It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival, the Telluride Film Festival and the Deauville American Film Festival. IndieWire called her performance as one of the best by an actress in 2019.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: The Caribbean Premier League (abbreviated to CPL or CPLT20) is an annual Twenty20 cricket tournament held in the Caribbean. It was founded by Cricket West Indies in 2013 to replace the Caribbean Twenty20 as the premier Twenty20 competition in the Caribbean. It is currently sponsored by Hero MotoCorp and consequently officially named the Hero CPL. The inaugural tournament was won by the Jamaica Tallawahs who defeated the Guyana Amazon Warriors in the final.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: Twenty20 domestic cricket first appeared in an organised manner in the West Indies in 2006 with the privately organised Stanford 20/20. The second and last edition of the Stanford competition was officially made part of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) calendar in 2008, after which the tournament ended when its sponsor Allen Stanford was charged with fraud and arrested in June 2009. The next organised Twenty20 competition came about with the creation of the Caribbean Twenty20 tournament by the WICB. The Caribbean Twenty20 was created to fill the gap left by the end of the Stanford 20/20 and to coincide with the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 tournament, which started less than two months after. The top domestic team from the Caribbean Twenty20 tournament qualified for the Champions League as the sole representative of the West Indies.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: The WICB first announced the plans for the Caribbean Premier League in September 2012 when it was revealed that the board was "in the advanced stages of discussions to have a commercial Twenty20 league in the region" with an unnamed investor and hoped to conclude a deal before 30 September. On 14 September, the board met to make decisions on the structure and organisation of the Caribbean Twenty20 CPL Schedule in January; to discuss the governance structure of the board and also discuss the planned commercial Twenty20 league and to finalise its structure. The Federation of International Cricketers' Associations (FICA) and the West Indies Players Association (WIPA) were also to be brought in to discuss issues pertaining to players in relation to the planned T20 league. On 13 December 2012, the WICB announced that they had finalised an agreement with Ajmal Khan founder of Verus International, a Barbados-based merchant bank, for the funding of the new franchise-based Twenty20 league to be launched in 2013. It was then expected that the new Caribbean Premier League was likely to comprise six Caribbean city-based franchises as opposed to the current territorial set-up with the majority of the players are to come from the West Indies. As part of the agreement, the WICB will receive additional funding from Verus International for additional retainer contracts for players in addition to the 20 annual retainer contracts the board currently funds.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: Dates for the tournament were confirmed for the 2013 Caribbean Premier League as 29 July to 26 August. The 2014 and 2015 tournaments took place between 5 July to 10 August and 21 June to 26 July respectively and the 2016 tournament took place between 29 June to 7 August.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: The CPL T20 tournament is played between six teams and is divided into a group stage and a knockout stage. In the group stage, the teams each play ten matches overall, three of which are at home. This unusual format occurs because all six teams are co-located at a single playing site for five sequential matches of the tourney, then the whole tournament moves to a new location for five more games (and so on). Six stadiums are used (see Venues below), each a home field for one of the teams. The playoff stage includes two semi-finals and a final to determine the winner of the tournament. All three of the elimination playoff games will be played at Queen's Park Oval and Brian Lara Stadium .


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: The 6ixty is a T10 league organized by Cricket West Indies and the Caribbean Premier League that is scheduled to be played four times a year, starting with a five-day men's and women's tournament in August 2022. A number of significant changes are made to the usual rules of T10 cricket:


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: The tournament includes six franchises with 15 contracted players each, including a maximum of five international players and four players under the age of 23. Each team has one local and one international franchise player.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: Out of the six teams that have played in the Caribbean Premier League since its inception, one team has won the competition four times, two teams have won the competition twice and one team have won the competition once. Trinbago Knight Riders are the most successful team in the history of Caribbean Premier League. The Barbados Tridents have won two titles, where the Jamaica Tallawahs also have won two titles. Trinbago Knight Riders who defeated St Lucia Zouks in the final of 2020 Season to secure their fourth CPL title and winning back-to-back championships. The current champions are St Kitts & Nevis Patriots who defeated the Saint Lucia Kings by three wickets to win their first CPL title.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: Caribbean mobile network Digicel was named as the first global sponsor for the inaugural 2013 tournament and beyond in a multi-year deal. As previous sponsors of the West Indies cricket team and the Digicel Caribbean Cup the brand has considerable experience with sponsoring cricket and other sporting events throughout the Caribbean. "The CPL is a perfect fit for Digicel. We’re huge fans of West Indies cricket and this is a great opportunity for us to invest not only in what will be an amazing event, but also in the young cricketers who will benefit from around the region," stated Digicel Group Marketing Operations Director Kieran Foley.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: Following the acquisition of the Guyana Amazon Warriors franchise owner, Dr. Ranjisingh 'Bobby' Ramroop's New GPC Inc, specifically its Limacol brand, has assumed the title sponsorship of the CPL.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: In June 2013 Courts announced their sponsorship of the Caribbean Premier League "CPL's partnership with Courts is a very strategic and beneficial one to both parties, and we are thrilled about the possibilities that exist for us from a marketing perspective," said CPL CEO Damien O' Donohoe. "Combining our advertising and marketing programmes with that of Courts will heighten the awareness of CPL across the region, and increase fan support, which will put people in the stands at matches and customers in the aisles of Courts."


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: El Dorado Rum has been named as an official partner of the inaugural tournament, and sponsors the tournament's Catch of the Match award, which goes to one player in each game who makes a thrilling catch.


title: Caribbean Premier League

text: As of 12 June 2020, the Caribbean Premier League's salary cap is US$545,500 per season. This is after a 30% reduction in Players Salaries due to COVID-19 Pandemic.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: Thalli Pogathey () is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy drama film directed and produced by R. Kannan. It is a remake of 2017 Telugu-language film "Ninnu Kori". This film stars Atharvaa, Anupama Parameswaran and Amitash Pradhan. The film is produced by R. Kannan himself under the banner Masala Pix, in association with MKRP Productions. Gopi Sunder, who was the composer for original film, composed music for the film also. Selva RK and N Shanmuga Sundaram are the editor and cinematographer, respectively. Raj Kumar murugesan is the art director. The title is inspired by the song of the same name from "Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada" (2016). The film released on 24 December 2021. The film received mixed reviews from critics with criticism for Anupama's performance, writing, emotional weight and characterization but with praise for Atharvaa's performance, cinematography, score and production design.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: On the day of her first wedding anniversary, Pallavi (Anupama Parameswaran), under the pretext of running errands for their party, travels to Los Angeles from her home in San Francisco without the knowledge of her husband Arun (Amitash Pradhan) to meet Karthik (Atharvaa), her former lover.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: One and a half years ago in Chennai, Pallavi is a student who wishes to make a recording of a dance performance so that she can show it to her family post marriage. However, a lack of natural talent forbids her from doing so. Karthik, a young statistics student, is an orphan whose godfather Duraisamy (R. S. Shivaji), happens to be the principal of his institution. Karthik wishes to pursue a Ph.D. in his subject and settle in life. Pallavi happens to spot him dancing at a friend's wedding and requests him to teach her. Karthik agrees for the large fee she offers as he is in need of money. He helps her, not only with her dancing but also with other issues, including confronting a bully who torments her. Pallavi wins a dancing competition and the two realize they are in love with each other.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: Pallavi tactfully clears the penthouse her family owns so that Karthik can stay in the same house as her. Karthik starts giving tutoring classes in the penthouse and earns the money he requires. When Pallavi's family starts looking for marriage alliances, she requests Karthik to elope with her, and he reluctantly agrees. However, a chance encounter with Pallavi's father, (Aadukalam Naren), makes Karthik realize that he is ineligible to marry her as he hasn't fully settled in life. Taking this to heart, he requests Pallavi to allow him to go to New Delhi and get a Ph.D., thereby securing a future for both of them. Pallavi allows him tearfully, and he leaves for Delhi. For the next few months, she continuously ignores Karthik, who keeps trying to contact her. She is soon approached for marriage by Arun's family, and her family agrees. When Pallavi contacts Karthik, she realizes that she is not ready to take the guilt if he blames her later on for the failure in his career, and unwillingly marries Arun. A year later, Pallavi is contacted by Prof. Duraisamy, who informs her that Karthik has gone into depression and is now an alcoholic. He is on the verge of being fired by his firm in Los Angeles and is spiraling toward a self-destructive path. Feeling responsible, Pallavi travels to meet Karthik.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: Back in the present, Pallavi tells Karthik that she is happily married to Arun and does not wish to go back with Karthik. Karthik objects saying she still loves him and is leading an unhappy life. Back in San Francisco, Pallavi tells Arun about her encounter and tells him they should call Karthik to their house for 10 days so he can see how happy they are. She contacts Karthik, who tells her that if he fails to see the love between her and Arun, she would have to go away with him. Pallavi, initially hesitant, agrees. Karthik lands in San Francisco, and immediately strikes an awkward relationship with Arun. He repetitively irks the couple and mocks their relationship, which annoys Pallavi. However, Arun's colleagues take a liking to Karthik, whose pessimistic nature offends a few other people. This is soon disrupted when Pallavi's father and his son-in-law, Omkar (Kaali Venkat), unexpectedly land in San Francisco. Karthik is introduced as Arun's old classmate and is made to promise Pallavi that he would not reveal his actual reason for being there. Pallavi's father reveals to Karthik that the daughter of his friend committed suicide after having been married off to a man she doesn't love instead of her lover. He had come to know on the wedding day that Pallavi had a lover from Nisha (Vidyullekha Raman), Pallavi's best friend. Doubting that Pallavi is unhappy with her marriage, he came to San Francisco to find her former lover so that he could get them married if she wanted. Karthik, realizing his advantage, indirectly begins to coax Pallavi's father and Omkar into finding the truth themselves. When Nisha is interrogated, she covers up with a fake story saying that the lover is married and Pallavi herself tells her father that she is happy. They all go for a trip to Santa Monica for Arun's business meeting. There Pallavi discovers that Arun is having an affair after seeing him hug another girl secretively in the parking lot. Pallavi's father too finds out about Karthik from a phone call with Arun's father and Nisha. Pallavi confronts Arun, who lies to her again, confirming to her his infidelity. She confides in Karthik, who believes she now hates Arun and wishes to be with him instead. However, when Pallavi's father tells Karthik that he wishes to get Pallavi married to Karthik a few days later, he tells Pallavi's father about his encounter with Arun. Having been an introvert since childhood, Arun's first friend was Caroline, who he met during his MBA. Her attitude towards him makes him feel he has found a best friend. She unexpectedly proposes to him one day, and he rejects her replying that he has never seen her in that way. He begins to avoid her and soon finds out she is now a drug addict and has attempted suicide. His guilt persuaded him to allow Pallavi to call Karthik, as he believed Karthik also was heading in Caroline's direction.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: Karthik realizes that even though Pallavi can still be his, it is only right that she stays with Arun. He forces Pallavi's father and stages a play where he himself looks like a negative person to Pallavi and coaxes her into realizing Arun's honesty. Arun prepares to leave the house, believing Pallavi would be happy, but she does not allow him to do so, and they clear up their misunderstanding with Arun telling Pallavi that he loves only her. As they embrace at their reunion, Karthik is heartbroken and walks out of the house, crying and shattered.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: Atharvaa and Anupama Parameswaran were cast in the lead roles with Vaibhav speculated to also be a part of the cast. The media reports proved to be false and Amitash Pradhan was cast in the lead. Vidyullekha Raman reprises her role from the original film. The film was shot in Chennai, Russia, as well as Baku and Xızı in Azerbaijan. The cast and crew hiked up a mountain in Xızı for a five-minute shot in the film. The film is set in Lille, France.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: Music of the film was composed by Gopi Sunder. Songs from the original Telugu version were retained and remade in Tamil. Kabilan Vairamuthu penned lyrics.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: The film was scheduled to release on 3 December 2021, but was postponed. The film released on 24 December 2021.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: The streaming rights was acquired by Amazon Prime Video. The film's satellite rights was acquired by Colors Tamil.


title: Thalli Pogathey (film)

text: M.Suganth of The Times of India gave the film 2 out of 5 criticizing the writing, characterization, performances and emotional weight but praised the production settings but felt that "But this, in turn, only makes us feel like we are watching a feature-length TV commercial with hardly any emotional involvement." Sify gave the film 3 on a scale of 5 and called the film "'Thalli Pogathey" is yet another watchable Telugu remake!" Pinkvilla also gave the film 3 out of 5 praising the score, performances and cinematography and stated that the film is a "breezy entertainer that is worth a watch this weekend."


title: Permanent Waves

text: Permanent Waves is the seventh studio album by Canadian rock band Rush, released January 14, 1980, through Anthem Records. After touring to support their previous album, "Hemispheres" (1978), the band began working on new material for a follow-up in July 1979. This material showed a shift in the group's sound towards more concise arrangements and radio friendly songs (such as "The Spirit of Radio" and "Freewill"), though their progressive rock blueprint is still evident on "Jacob's Ladder" and the more than nine-minute closer "Natural Science." Bassist/vocalist Geddy Lee also employed a more restrained vocal delivery compared to previous albums. "Permanent Waves" was recorded at Le Studio in Morin-Heights, Quebec with production handled by the group and Terry Brown.


title: Permanent Waves

text: "Permanent Waves" received a mostly positive reception from critics, and became the band's most successful album at the time of its release, reaching No.3 in Canada and the UK and No.4 in the United States. The album was certified platinum in the latter by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling one million copies. Rush released "The Spirit of Radio" as a single in February 1980 and toured in support of the album in 1980.


title: Permanent Waves

text: In June 1979, the band finished its eight-month tour of the United States, Canada, and Europe in support of its sixth studio album, "Hemispheres" (1978). The tour had taken its toll on the group and, for the first time in the band's history, each member agreed to take a six-week break before starting work on a new album. They regrouped in mid-July 1979 at Lakewoods Farm near Flesherton, Ontario to write and rehearse new material for two weeks. They set up their equipment in the basement and put down what Peart described as "a giant hodge-podge of instrumental mish-mash," initially titled "Uncle Tounouse", during the first session. The piece was not developed further, but sections of it were used as the basis of passages on other songs they would record. A typical day's schedule involved Lifeson cooking breakfast for the trio, after which Lifeson and Lee worked on musical ideas while Peart gathered his notes and walked to a nearby cottage to write lyrics, with "Entre Nous" being the only set completed prior to their arrival at Lakewoods Farm. This routine had a productive effect on the three, with "The Spirit of Radio," "Freewill", and "Jacob's Ladder" being put down within several days without considerable effort. The new songs marked a shift in the group's musical style towards more concise arrangements and radio friendly songs, though Peart denied that the band consciously set out to produce commercial music. Peart attempted to write a song based on "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", the 14th-century epic set in King Arthur's time, but it was abandoned after it was deemed too out of place with the other material.


title: Permanent Waves

text: With some material prepared for "Permanent Waves", Rush moved into Sound Kitchen Studio in northern Toronto, Ontario with their producer Terry Brown to put their ideas onto tape. "The Spirit of Radio," "Freewill" and "Jacob's Ladder" were further polished on the warm-up tour during soundchecks, and by early September, "The Spirit of Radio" and "Freewill" were being performed live on the band's warm-up tour in August and September 1979.


title: Permanent Waves

text: In September 1979, Rush headed to Le Studio in Morin-Heights, Quebec to record "Permanent Waves" with Brown and engineer Paul Northfield. Having recorded their previous two studio albums in Wales the band felt it was time for a change and initially chose Trident Studios in London, but cancelled due to the high costs of studio time and accommodation. The idea of working in a busy city environment became something they now wished to avoid and instead sought a remote location.


title: Permanent Waves

text: The recording sessions involved the band tweaking the settings of instruments and positioning of microphones. They recorded basic tracks with multiple takes until they captured the best performance. While Lee, Lifeson, and Brown began overdubs, Peart began attempting to write another longer song, and after enduring three days of writer's block, "Natural Science" was born. Fin Costello was then brought in to photograph the band in the studio. Cover art director Hugh Syme was also brought in and recorded a piano solo on "Different Strings". Music was composed for "Natural Science", with some parts reused from the discarded "Green Knight". The water sounds at the beginning of the song were created by splashing oars in the private lake, performed by Brown and studio assistant Kim Bickerdike, and the natural echo outside was used to record various instruments. The rough mixes on the album were complete, and the final mix was completed in two weeks at Trident Studios.


title: Permanent Waves

text: Upon the album's completion, Lifeson felt unsure about the record and for a period of time, could not listen to it due to his feeling that it failed to present any fresh ideas. His opinion changed when he first heard the album on the radio after its release, realising he had overreacted.


title: Permanent Waves

text: "The Spirit of Radio" featured the band's early experiments with a reggae style in its closing section, which was explored further on the band's next three albums, "Moving Pictures", "Signals", and "Grace Under Pressure". The group had experimented with reggae-influenced riffs in the studio and had come up with a reggae introduction to "Working Man" on their tours, so they decided to incorporate a passage into "The Spirit of Radio," as Lifeson said, "to make us smile and have a little fun." Peart wrote the lyrics with Toronto radio station CFNY-FM in mind which had adopted the title as its slogan.


title: Permanent Waves

text: "Jacob's Ladder" uses multiple time signatures, and possesses a dark, ominous feel in its first half. Its lyrics are based on a simple concept: a vision of sunlight breaking through storm clouds. The title is a reference to the natural phenomenon of the sun breaking through the clouds in visible rays, which in turn is named after the Biblical ladder to heaven on which Jacob saw angels ascending and descending in a vision. Early in Rush's 2015 R40 Live Tour, Geddy Lee incorrectly stated that the song had never been played live before, but was corrected by fans on the internet (the song had been performed during the Permanent Waves tour and a live recording of the song was featured on Exit... Stage Left).


title: Permanent Waves

text: "Entre Nous", French for "Between us", did not receive heavy radio airplay and was not performed live until the Snakes & Arrows Tour in 2007.


title: Permanent Waves

text: While the band began stepping back from the epic song format on this album, the closing track "Natural Science" is more than nine minutes long and is composed of three distinct movements: I) Tide Pools, II) Hyperspace, and III) Permanent Waves. The lyrics are driven by concepts of natural science. It was featured, with a different arrangement, on the 1996 Test for Echo Tour, the 2002 Vapor Trails Tour, the 2007–2008 Snakes & Arrows Tour and the 2015 R40 Live Tour.


title: Permanent Waves

text: The background scene comes from a photo, taken by Flip Schulke, of the Galveston Seawall in Texas during Hurricane Carla on September 11, 1961. The woman in the foreground is Canadian model Paula Turnbull, who was also featured on "Exit... Stage Left" (1981) and the man waving in the background is sleeve designer Hugh Syme. To create the appearance of Turnbull's skirt blowing in the wind, a fan was placed out of frame when she was photographed.


title: Permanent Waves

text: "Permanent Waves" was released on January 14, 1980. It reached No. 3 in Canada and the UK and No. 4 in the US. In two months, the album had sold one million copies in the US.


title: Permanent Waves

text: Following the album's release, Rush supported "Permanent Waves" with a concert tour of Canada, the US, and the UK between January 17 and June 22, 1980. The group toured with a 25-member roadcrew who handled the 60 tons of equipment to stage the show, which included Boeing 707 landing lights, a $50,000 mixing console, and a screen projector behind the band. The tour cost $12,500 each day and each band member earned $1,000 per show.


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Alice Margaret Ghostley (August 14, 1923 – September 21, 2007) was a Tony Award-winning American actress and singer on stage, film and television. She was best known for her roles as bumbling witch Esmeralda (1969–70; 1972) on "Bewitched", as Cousin Alice (1970–71) on "Mayberry R.F.D.", and as Bernice Clifton (1986–93) on "Designing Women", for which she received an Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 1992. She was a regular on "Nichols" (1971–72) and "The Julie Andrews Hour" (1972–73).


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley was born in Eve, Missouri, in 1923 to Edna Muriel (née Rooney) and Harry Francis Ghostley, who worked as a telegraph operator. She grew up in Henryetta, Oklahoma. She attended the University of Oklahoma, but dropped out to pursue a career in theater.


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley first came to Broadway in Leonard Sillman's "New Faces of 1952" and in the film version released in 1954. She appeared in the 1960 revue "A Thurber Carnival" and in "The Beauty Part" (1962), playing several distinct roles in each. She also performed in several musical comedies, including "Shangri-La" (1956). In 1978, she succeeded Dorothy Loudon, who had created the role of Miss Hannigan in the original Broadway run of the musical "Annie".


title: Alice Ghostley

text: A veteran of early television, Ghostley appeared as Joy, one of the ugly stepsisters in the 1957 musical television production of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein's "Cinderella", which starred Julie Andrews in the title role. The other stepsister was played by actress Kaye Ballard. Twelve years later, Ghostley guest-starred as a harried maternity nurse on Ballard's comedy series, "The Mothers-in-Law".


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley guest-starred on the NBC police comedy, "Car 54, Where Are You?," with Joe E. Ross and Fred Gwynne and in two 1961 episodes of "The Tom Ewell Show" starring Tom Ewell. She was also a favorite of Jackie Gleason, who featured her in his "American Scene Magazine" variety hours of the 1960s. In the recurring sketch "Arthur and Agnes", Gleason played a loudmouthed, inconsiderate braggart talking to Ghostley on her front stoop. Gleason's character treated her thoughtlessly for several minutes before walking away, leaving Ghostley alone to confide to the audience, "I'm the luckiest girl in the world!"


title: Alice Ghostley

text: She portrayed recurring characters on several situation comedies, beginning with "Bewitched" in 1966 in "Maid To Order", in which Ghostley played an inept maid named Naomi, who was hired by Darrin Stephens (played by Dick York) to assist his wife Samantha (Elizabeth Montgomery) during her pregnancy. Towards the end of the 1965–66 season, actress-comedian Alice Pearce, who was featured as nosy neighbor Gladys Kravitz on "Bewitched", died. The producers of the series immediately offered the role of Gladys to Ghostley, who refused it. As a result, in the fall of 1966, character actress Sandra Gould assumed the role of Gladys. In September 1969, after the death of actress Marion Lorne, who played Aunt Clara, Ghostley joined "Bewitched" as a semiregular in the role of Esmeralda, a shy witch who served as a maid and babysitter to the Stephens' household. Ghostley's character of Esmeralda was created to replace Aunt Clara's role as a bumbler of magic. (Coincidentally, Ghostley and Lorne shared a brief scene together in the 1967 film "The Graduate", a few months prior to Lorne's death and before Ghostley was cast in "Bewitched".)


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley's Esmeralda appeared in 15 episodes of "Bewitched" between 1969 and 1972. During her two years on "Bewitched", Ghostley also joined the cast of "Mayberry R.F.D.", playing Cousin Alice after Frances Bavier's character, Aunt Bee, was written out of the series. She appeared in 14 episodes.


title: Alice Ghostley

text: On February 22, 1969, she appeared as Aggie on "The Ghost & Mrs Muir" (starring Edward Mulhare and Hope Lange). The episode was entitled "Make Me A Match". The captain and Mrs. Muir matched her with Claymore Gregg (Charles Nelson Reilly). On March 6, 1970, she appeared on another episode of "The Ghost & Mrs Muir", "Curious Cousin". She played nosey Cousin Harriet. She interferes with Mrs Muir's private life. To divert her excessive attention, Claymore, posing as Captain Gregg, comes to court her.


title: Alice Ghostley

text: After eight years, "Bewitched" was cancelled by ABC in the spring of 1972. Later that year in September, Ghostley was hired as a semiregular for the ABC-TV variety series, "The Julie Andrews Hour"; in addition to participating in songs and sketches, Andrews and Ghostley were featured in a recurring segment as roommates sharing a small apartment. "The Julie Andrews Hour" was cancelled by ABC in the spring of 1973 after 24 episodes. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Ghostley appeared in episodes of situation comedies such as "Hogan's Heroes" (alternating with Kathleen Freeman playing Gertrude Linkmaier, General Burkhalter's sister), "Good Times", "Maude", "One Day at a Time", "The Odd Couple", and "What's Happening!!".


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Between 1986 and 1993, Ghostley portrayed Bernice Clifton, the slightly off-kilter, eccentric friend of Julia and Suzanne Sugarbaker's mother, Perky, on "Designing Women". She later played Irna Wallingsford in six episodes of "Evening Shade". She also had a recurring role of Ida Mae Brindle in the sitcom "Small Wonder", which ran from 1985 to 1989. Among many other guest roles, she appeared in a flashback episode as the crazed mother-in-law of Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur) on "The Golden Girls". She made a one-time appearance as Great-Grandma in "Sabrina the Teenage Witch". Ghostley also made a few guest appearances on the daytime drama "Passions" in 2000, playing the ghost of Matilda Matthews.


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Among her roles in motion pictures, Ghostley appeared in "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962), playing Stephanie Crawford, the neighborhood gossip. She starred in "Gator" as Gator's partner in crime who brings her cats along on a burglary. She appeared in the film version of "Grease" as shop teacher Mrs. Murdock. In 1985, she had a supporting role in the Nancy Allen comedy "Not for Publication". Alice played Grandmama in the direct-to-video movie "Addams Family Reunion".


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley received a Tony nomination in 1963 for different roles she played in the Broadway comedy "The Beauty Part". She also received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress for her role in "The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window".


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley was married to Felice Orlandi, an Italian-American actor, from 1953 until his death in 2003.


title: Alice Ghostley

text: Ghostley died at her home in Studio City, California, on September 21, 2007, after a long battle with colon cancer and a series of strokes. On August 20, 2009, her ashes were taken to Oak Hill Cemetery in Siloam Springs, Arkansas, and buried with her sister Gladys (died June 21, 2009). The sisters are interred next to their parents and near Alice's husband, Felice Orlandi.


title: Bob Peck

text: Robert Peck (23 August 1945 – 4 April 1999) was an English actor who played Ronald Craven in the television serial "Edge of Darkness", for which he won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor. He was also known for his role as game warden Robert Muldoon in the film "Jurassic Park".


title: Bob Peck

text: Robert Peck was born into a working-class family in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, on 23 August 1945. He attended Leeds Modern School in Lawnswood, and performed with the National Youth Theatre for six weeks when he was 15. He then studied at Leeds College of Art, where he received a Diploma in Art and Design, and where he was involved in student amateur dramatics.


title: Bob Peck

text: Before breaking into film and television work, Peck was a regular actor with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) alongside Ian McKellen, Donald Sinden and Judi Dench. Between 1979–80 he played Iago alongside Donald Sinden in "Othello", in both Stratford and London. He made a memorable appearance on stage in the RSC production of "The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby", originally by Charles Dickens, playing two characters: the boisterous Yorkshireman John Browdie and the predatory Sir Mulberry Hawk, and repeated these roles on Broadway and when the production was filmed for television in 1982. He played the character of Macduff in Trevor Nunn's acclaimed 1976 stage and television versions of "Macbeth", and re-appeared in another production of the play in 1982, this time playing Macbeth himself. According to Peck's fellow RSC performer and veteran McKellen, Peck is the actor he considers he "learned the most from".


title: Bob Peck

text: Peck's television career began in the 1970s, with his first television roles being in the BBC's "Thirty-Minute Theatre" anthology series in 1972, in which he appeared in the episode "Bypass". He also appeared in various other successful television productions such as "Z-Cars" and "Play for Today". He also appeared in the films "Royal Flash" and "Parker".


title: Bob Peck

text: In 1985 television writer Troy Kennedy Martin - who had previously written the screenplay for the film "The Italian Job" and created the popular police procedural television series "Z-Cars" (in which Peck had appeared during the 1970s) - cast Peck in the starring role of policeman Ronald Craven in his television miniseries "Edge of Darkness". This crime drama/political thriller follows Peck's character as he attempts to unravel the truth behind the brutal murder of his daughter, portrayed in the series by Joanne Whalley. Another of Peck's co-stars in the series was American actor Joe Don Baker, along with fellow British actors Charles Kay and Ian McNeice.


title: Bob Peck

text: The series was broadcast on BBC Two in six episodes from 4 November to 9 December 1985. During its run the show attracted four million viewers and spiralled Peck to fame, winning him a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor at the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. After the series ended, Peck had become a figure of popularity and a national favourite.


title: Bob Peck

text: After gaining popularity for his starring role in "Edge of Darkness", Peck began appearing in films. After a few theatre appearances, Peck made his first appearance as a main character in a film again playing a policeman, John Graham, based in Kenya in 1950, who takes under his wing the son of a murdered black priest in the 1987 film "The Kitchen Toto". He also appeared in the 1987 film "On the Black Hill", adapted from the 1982 novel of the same name by Bruce Chatwin. The role which really launched his career as a film actor was his portrayal of the android Byron, in the post-apocalyptic science-fiction adventure film "Slipstream" (1989), in which he appeared alongside Mark Hamill, Bill Paxton, F. Murray Abraham, Ben Kingsley and Robbie Coltrane. During the late-1980s, he also appeared in television shows including "The Storyteller", "The Jim Henson Hour" and "Screen One".


title: Bob Peck

text: Peck also voiced all the male characters in the children's live action TV series combined with stop motion animation, "Forget Me Not Farm" on the BBC in 1990.


title: Bob Peck

text: Peck's image and popularity increased with appearances in films including the 1990 film "Lord of the Flies" as the (unnamed) marine officer. He also appeared in "Screen Two", "Screenplay" and "A TV Dante", as well as in the television films, "The Black Velvet Gown" and "An Ungentlemanly Act". In 1993, Peck made his biggest film appearance, when he was cast as park gamekeeper Robert Muldoon in the blockbuster smash hit "Jurassic Park".


title: Bob Peck

text: After appearing in "Jurassic Park", Peck appeared in the television show "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles" (1993) playing General Targo in one episode. He also played Italian Romantic composer Giuseppe Verdi in a television film documenting the life of the composer.


title: Bob Peck

text: In the later years of his life and career, Peck appeared in more films, portraying the roles of Captain Sebastian Belger in "Merisairas", Françoise's father in "Surviving Picasso", Ravn in "Smilla's Sense of Snow", Harry Briggs in "" and Denton (based on Lancelot Dent) in the film "The Opium War" (Chinese: 鸦片战争; pinyin: "yapian zhanzheng"). He also appeared in the direct-to-TV film "The Scold's Bridle" (1998).


title: Bob Peck

text: In 2000, a year after Peck's death from cancer, the stop-motion animated film "The Miracle Maker", was released, in which Peck voiced the character of Joseph of Arimathea. The film was dedicated to Peck's memory.


title: Bob Peck

text: Peck won the Award for Best Actor at the British Academy Television Awards in 1986 for his portrayal of maverick policeman Ronald Craven in the television miniseries "Edge of Darkness".


title: Bob Peck

text: Peck and actress Jill Baker were married for 17 years, from 1982 until his death, in 1999. They had three children: Hannah (born 1983), George (born 1986), and Milly (born 1990).


title: Bob Peck

text: In November 1994, Peck was diagnosed with an undisclosed type of cancer. He was said to be undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy and his agent claimed that he was making a recovery, but he died at his home in Kingston-upon-Thames, London, on 4 April 1999, at the age of 53. His funeral took place in London, and his close friend and "Edge of Darkness" co-star Ian McNeice read a eulogy at the service. He was cremated in London and his ashes were given to his family.


title: Hoodie

text: A hoodie (in some cases spelled hoody and alternatively known as a hooded sweatshirt) is a sweatshirt with a hood. Hoodies with zippers usually include two pockets on the lower front, one on either side of the zipper, while "pullover" hoodies (without zippers) often include a single large muff or pocket in the same location. Both styles (usually) include a drawstring to adjust the hood opening. When worn up, the hood covers most of the head and neck and sometimes the face. Hoodies may be worn for aesthetic purposes, or protection against the environment (cold weather, rain, etc.)


title: Hoodie

text: The word "hood" derives from the Anglo-Saxon word "hōd", ultimately of the same root as an English "hat". The garment's style and form can be traced back to Medieval Europe when the preferred clothing for monks included a hood called a cowl attached to a tunic or robes, and a chaperon or hooded cape was very commonly worn by any outdoors worker. Its appearance was known in England at least as early as the 12th century, possibly an import with the Norman conquest of England, as the "capa" was "a short hooded cloak which was common in Normandy."


title: Hoodie

text: The hooded pullover is a utilitarian garment that originated in the 1930s in the US for workers in cold New York warehouses. The earliest clothing style was first produced by Champion in the 1930s in Rochester and marketed to laborers working in freezing temperatures in upstate New York. The term "hoodie" entered popular usage in the 1990s.


title: Hoodie

text: The hoodie became popular in the 1970s, with several factors contributing to its success. Hip hop culture developed in New York City around this time and high fashion also took off during this era, as Norma Kamali and other high-profile designers embraced and glamorized the new clothing. Most critical to the hoodie's popularity during this time was its iconic appearance in the blockbuster "Rocky" film. The rise of hoodies with university logos began around this time.


title: Hoodie

text: By the 1990s, the hoodie had evolved into a symbol of isolation, a statement of academic spirit, and several fashion collections. The association with chavs or neds in the UK developed around this time, as their popularity rose with that specific demographic. Young men, often skateboarders or surfers, sported the hoodie and spread the trend across the western part of the United States, most significantly in California. Tommy Hilfiger, Giorgio Armani, and Ralph Lauren, for example, used the hoodie as the primary component for many of their collections in the 1990s. A crystal-studded hoodie made by rapper Sean "Diddy" Combs was acquired by the Victoria & Albert Museum in London.


title: Hoodie

text: In June 2011, police in Wynnum, Brisbane, launched a "Hoodie Free Zone" initiative, with shopkeepers encouraged to ask hoodie-wearers to leave. The zone is part of an initiative to educate businesses on how they can avoid armed robberies, in which the hoodie type of clothing is reportedly often worn.


title: Hoodie

text: Across Canada, hoodies are a popular clothing item sometimes worn under a coat or jacket to provide an extra layer of clothing during the winter. In the province of Saskatchewan, hoodies without zippers are "bunny hugs."


title: Hoodie

text: The "Hoodies on Parliament—politicians challenge youth stereotypes" campaign was launched in May 2008 in New Zealand (NZ) as part of the annual national Youth Week event, a pro-youth initiative organized to challenge youth stereotypes. To launch the campaign, NZ politicians, including National MP Nicky Wagner, Green Party MPs Sue Bradford, Nandor Tanczos and Metiria Turei, and Maori party MP Hone Harawira, wore hoodies while standing on the steps of the country's parliament. Archbishop David Moxon, Archbishop of the Anglican Dioceses, and Brian Turner President of the Methodist Church of NZ also participated in the campaign.


title: Hoodie

text: Support and criticism were raised by politicians, who were divided over the 2008 event. One strong response was drawn from a local government council member, Dale Evans, who donned a Ku Klux Klan outfit in protest, citing the hoodie as "not an appropriate article of clothing to celebrate."


title: Hoodie

text: "Goodie in a Hoodie" day was then run in 2009 by New Zealand Adolescent Health and Development (NZAAHD) in partnership with Age Concern—the organisations used the campaign to highlight the stereotypes that both young people and the elderly face in New Zealand. Liz Baxendine, president of Age Concern at the time, said to the media:


title: Hoodie

text: Older people and young people have a lot in common. We both face stereotypes based on our age rather than our real achievements and outlook on life ... we've got to destigmatise the hoodie and see it for what it is. Everyone wears them. We need to take the hoodie back!


title: Hoodie

text: In the UK, hoodies have been the subject of much criticism; some shoplifters have used the hood to conceal their identities from CCTV cameras in shopping centres. The hoodie became a popular clothing item by the 1990s. By the 21st century, it had gained a negative image, being associated with trouble-making, intimidating teens and anti-social behaviour. It became one of the later items associated with "chavs", or Neds.


title: Hoodie

text: Angela McRobbie, professor of communications at Goldsmiths College in the UK, says the appeal of the hoodie is its promise of anonymity, mystery and anxiety. "The point of origin is obviously black American hip-hop culture, now thoroughly mainstream and a key part of the global economy. Leisure and sportswear adopted for everyday wear suggests a distance from the world of office suit or school uniform. Rap culture celebrates defiance, as it narrates the experience of social exclusion. Musically and stylistically, it projects menace and danger as well as anger and rage. The hooded top is one in a long line of garments chosen by young people, usually boys, to which are ascribed meanings suggesting that they are 'up to no good'. In the past, such appropriation was usually restricted to membership of specific youth cultures—leather jackets, bondage trousers—but nowadays it is the norm among young people to flag up their music and cultural preferences in this way, hence the adoption of the hoodie by boys across the boundaries of age, ethnicity and class."


title: Hoodie

text: In May 2005, Bluewater shopping centre in Kent caused outrage by launching a code of conduct which bans its shoppers from sporting hoodies or baseball caps, although the garments remain on sale. John Prescott welcomed the move, stating that he was threatened by the presence of teenagers wearing hoodies at a motorway service station. Then-Prime Minister Tony Blair openly supported this stance and vowed to clamp down on the anti-social behaviour with which hoodie-wearers are sometimes associated. London-based rapper Lady Sovereign published a single titled "Hoodie" in protest as part of a "Save the Hoodie" campaign.


title: Hoodie

text: In 2005, Coombeshead College in the south-west of England allowed the hoodie to become part of the boys' school uniform, but the hood could be put up only when it rained. The principal, Richard Haigh, stated that the move would help to calm some of what he called the "hysteria" surrounding the garment.


title: Hoodie

text: In February 2006, a 58-year-old teacher who was wearing a hooded top was asked to remove it when entering a Tesco store in Swindon. According to the teacher, she was wearing the hood because "my hair's a mess". The store did not have a hoodie policy. The shop apologized and said it was taking action to "make sure this doesn't happen again."


title: Hoodie

text: In July 2006, David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party, made a speech suggesting that the hoodie was worn more for defensive than offensive purposes. The speech was referred to as "hug a hoodie" by the Labour Party.


title: Hoodie

text: In 2019 the British fashion label Burberry had to apologize for an inappropriate hoodie. On its runaway show, the fashion label featured a piece of cloth with a "noose" around the neck, which caused an outrageous reaction in social media.


title: Hoodie

text: A March 2020 article in the Belfast Telegraph argued that hoodies were not as associated with the working class as in previous years, noting that Kate Middleton had appeared in a hoodie.


title: Hoodie

text: Hoodies have become a mainstream fashion in the U.S., transcending the clothing item's original utilitarian purpose, similar to jeans. This clothing item has found its way into a variety of styles, even so far as to be worn under a suit jacket. Hoodies with zippers are generally referred to as zip-up hoodies, while a hoodie without a zipper may be described as a pullover hoodie. Throughout the U.S., it is common for teenagers and young adults to wear sweatshirts—with or without hoods—that display their respective school names or mascots across the chest, either as part of a uniform or personal preference.


title: Hoodie

text: The hooded sweatshirt is a utilitarian garment that originated in the 1930s for workers in cold New York warehouses and thus have been around for over 80 years. In the 70s and 80s, hoodies were adopted by hip hop culture as a symbol of what one reporter termed "cool anonymity and vague menace" When the garment was depicted in FBI composite drawings of Unabomber Ted Kaczynski, the hoodie became linked to "seedy threatening criminality," thereby further asserting its non-mainstream symbolism.


title: Hoodie

text: In 2012 Trayvon Martin was shot by George Zimmerman while wearing a hoodie, and protests over his death involved hoodies. Fox News host Geraldo Rivera encouraged young black people to stop wearing hoodies though he later apologized for his comments. Zimmerman's defense team offered what was called "the hoodie defense". They argued that it was reasonable for Zimmerman to regard Martin's hoodie as a threat. According to Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, author of "Race and Racism", following Zimmerman's trial the garment became emblematic of the Black Lives Matter movement. "Dress Codes" author, law Professor Richard Thompson Ford, said that "As the hoodie became associated with 'Black hoodlums' in the media, some Black people avoided them and others embraced them: the public image of the hoodie made it into a statement of racial pride and defiance, solidarity with a community, an emblem of belonging, and all of that reinforced the negative associations for those who were inclined to be afraid of assertive Black people."


title: Hoodie

text: Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg often wears a plain grey zip-up hoodie rather than a business suit, drawing comments during his company's 2012 initial public offering. Actor Jesse Eisenberg dons the same attire while portraying Zuckerberg in the 2010 film "The Social Network".


title: Hoodie

text: In 2015, Oklahoma state representative Don Barrington proposed a bill to criminalize wearing a "robe, mask or other disguise" in public that would "intentionally conceal the wearer's identity", a bill which was criticized as an attempt to criminalize the wearing of the hoodie.


title: Division sign

text: The division sign () is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and another dot below, used in Anglophone countries to indicate mathematical division. However, this usage, though widespread in some countries, is not universal; it is used for other purposes in other countries and its use to denote division is not recommended in the ISO 80000-2 standard for mathematical notation.


title: Division sign

text: The obelus, a historical glyph consisting of a horizontal line with (or without) one or more dots, was first used as a symbol for division in 1659, in the algebra book "" by Johann Rahn, although previous writers had used the same symbol for subtraction. Some near-contemporaries believed that John Pell, who edited the book, may have been responsible for this use of the symbol. Other symbols for division include the slash or solidus , the colon , and the fraction bar (the horizontal bar in a vertical fraction). The ISO 80000-2 standard for mathematical notation recommends only the solidus or "fraction bar" for division, or the "colon" for ratios; it says that the sign "should not be used" for division.


title: Division sign

text: In Italy, Poland and Russia, the sign was sometimes used to denote a range of values, and in Scandinavian countries it was used as a negation sign.


title: Division sign

text: Historically, an oblique form of the obelus, (commercial minus sign), has also been used to represent subtraction in Northern Europe; such usage continued in some parts of Europe, including Norway and—until fairly recently—Denmark.


title: Division sign

text: The symbol was assigned to code point 0xF7 in ISO 8859-1, as the "division sign". This encoding was transferred to Unicode as U+00F7. In HTML, it can be encoded as or (at HTML level 3.2), or as .


title: Division sign

text: In Microsoft Windows, this division sign is produced with Alt+0247 (or 246 with no zero) on the number pad, or by pressing when an appropriate keyboard layout is in use. In classic Mac OS and macOS, it is produced with .


title: Division sign

text: On UNIX-based systems using Screen or X with a Compose key enabled, it can be produced by composing (colon) and (hyphen/minus). It may also be produced using its Unicode code-point (F7), by pressing .


title: Division sign

text: In ChromeOS (with International/Extended keyboard setting), the division sign is obtained by pressing . Otherwise, the Unix-style methods may be used.


title: Roots: The Saga of an American Family

text: Roots: The Saga of an American Family is a 1976 novel written by Alex Haley. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century African, captured as an adolescent, sold into slavery in Africa, and transported to North America; it follows his life and the lives of his descendants in the United States down to Haley. The release of the novel, combined with its hugely popular television adaptation, "Roots" (1977), led to a cultural sensation in the United States. The novel spent forty-six weeks on "The New York Times" Best Seller List, including twenty-two weeks at number one. The last seven chapters of the novel were later adapted in the form of a second miniseries, "" (1979). It stimulated interest in African American genealogy and an appreciation for African-American history.


title: Roots: The Saga of an American Family

text: The book was originally described as "fiction," yet sold in the non-fiction section of bookstores. Haley spent the last chapter of the book describing his research in archives and libraries to support his family's oral tradition with written records.


title: Roots: The Saga of an American Family

text: "Roots" tells the story of Kunta Kinte—a young man taken from the Gambia when he was seventeen and sold as a slave—and seven generations of his descendants in the United States. Kunta, a Mandinka living by the River Gambia, has a difficult but free childhood in his village, Jufureh. His village subsists on farming, and sometimes they lack enough food, as the climate is harsh. Kunta is surrounded by love and traditions. Ominously, the village had heard of the recent arrival of "toubob", men with white skins who smell like wet chickens.


title: Roots: The Saga of an American Family

text: Kunta is excited to see the world. At one point, Kunta sees men in hoods taking away some of the children. This confuses Kunta, but is eager to learn his father, Omoro, will take him outside Juffure. Omoro and Kunta set off, learning much more about their surroundings. When they return, Kunta brags to all his friends about the journey, but does not pay attention to his family's goats, which fall prey to a panther.


title: Roots: The Saga of an American Family

text: Later on, Kunta is taken off from manhood training, with other children of his kafo (division or grade). Kunta learns even more about the Gambia, but fears the slave trade, which he learns is closer to home than he thinks. Kunta passes his training, and learns more about Juffure's court system. One day, he witnesses the case of a young girl, who was kidnapped by the toubob, and came back pregnant. She gives birth to a mixed-raced child, and the case is unresolved.