title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The eight-story arena is built as a bowl, with its floor below street level with seating capacities of 19,515 for ice hockey and 20,332 for basketball. The bowl also features a "gondola" seating level suspended above the stands. The exterior of the bowl structure is capable of displaying video projections. A practice ice rink is also inside the arena. In addition to serving as the practice facility for the Red Wings, the rink serves as the home of both Little Caesars AAA Hockey Club and Little Caesars Amateur Hockey League as well.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The Bell Centre in Montreal has been cited to be one of the biggest influences of the arena's design. Christopher Ilitch described the arena's design as being "revolutionary", and believes that it may influence future arena designs in other cities.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The arena features a centerhung scoreboard that measures at . The arena also features 45 LED displays covering more than and 16.5 million plus LEDs in and around it.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: It was reported in May 2012 that the Red Wings had hired HKS, Inc. and NBBJ to design a new arena for the team, which would replace Joe Louis Arena. The new arena would be owned by the city's Downtown Development Authority (DDA) and its land would be leased to Olympia Entertainment, a subsidiary of the Red Wings' parent company, Ilitch Holdings, rent free for a long term. Olympia would have full operational control of the arena, an arrangement similar to the one Olympia had with the city-owned Joe Louis Arena. Sales of game tickets, parking, concessions, souvenirs, and any potential naming rights deals would not be subject to revenue sharing with the City of Detroit as they were with Joe Louis Arena. The city earned an average of $7 million per year through these revenue sharing agreements.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Olympia Entertainment officially announced in December 2012 its intention to develop a new district in downtown Detroit composed of offices, residential facilities, and "a new state-of-the-art, multi-purpose events center", with an estimated cost of $650 million. In June 2013, the DDA officially announced the location of the new arena and entertainment district. An estimated 58 percent of the cost to construct the arena was to be funded by public tax dollars, about $261 million. On July 24, 2013, the Michigan Strategic Fund approved the DDA's request for $650 million in funding.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Christopher Ilitch unveiled renderings of the new arena and entertainment district on July 20, 2014, referring to it as "The District Detroit". He explained that the project's goal was to "build out a sports and entertainment district that is world-class and rivals anything in the country, perhaps the world." The district, which would complement the QLINE streetcar, was primarily built on vacant land near the Cass Corridor along Woodward Avenue, and would incorporate five distinct neighborhoods with new residential and apartment units and European-influenced designs. The district would also feature a hotel, new restaurants, and new retail outlets. Olympia Development would fund the refurbishment of public infrastructure around the arena district, such as street lighting, sidewalks, and paving. One of the neighborhoods, referred to by Ilitch as "Wildcat Corner", would incorporate the area occupied by the Tigers and Lions' home venues of Comerica Park and Ford Field, respectively, and replace several parking lots with new apartment complexes featuring street-level retail outlets.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Ilitch emphasized the impact of the arena district project would have on Detroit's economy: the new facilities would result in 1,000 new jobs in the city, and 8,300 new jobs would be created for the construction process. Olympia was committed to having 51% of the construction jobs be filled by residents of Detroit. Additionally, two Michigan-based contractors would be among those working on the arena, and 80% of the materials used in the construction of the arena was also to be sourced from Michigan-based companies when possible.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Olympia Entertainment CEO Tom Wilson described an intent for the arena to be an "epicenter" for hockey, prospecting it as a site for events and tournaments at the college and junior levels such as the IIHF World Junior Championship and the Memorial Cup. Wilson also stated its commitment to continue hosting the annual collegiate Great Lakes Invitational at the arena, provided the universities involved maintained their desire to participate.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: A formal groundbreaking ceremony was held at the arena site on September 25, 2014. Following the completion of the new arena, Joe Louis Arena was demolished, and its former site was to be redeveloped into a hotel and retail complex. The sale of the Joe Louis Arena site came as part of a bankruptcy settlement between the Financial Guaranty Insurance Company and the city of Detroit.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Mass excavation at the arena site began on April 24, 2015, a few days after Detroit City Council approved a zoning change, allowing vertical construction to officially commence.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The Detroit Historic District Commission approved the demolition of the Park Avenue Hotel on June 10, 2015 to make room for what will be the arena's loading dock. Olympia Development claimed that the Park Avenue Hotel stood in a high-security area. A demolition permit was issued on June 22, 2015. Detroit-based Adamo Demolition was the contractor listed on the permit. Despite protests, the building was imploded on July 11, 2015. On August 30, 2015, Olympia Entertainment announced that an estimated of soil had been excavated in recent months for the below-grade bowl, and hundreds of deep pier foundations were being drilled and filled with concrete through September. The steel frame of the arena began to go up in late fall.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Construction of the ice surface began on January 5, 2017. On February 16, 2017, various construction changes began inside the arena in order to accommodate the Detroit Pistons. Construction of the ice rink began on March 8, 2017.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In late October 2016, it was reported that the Pistons were considering a move from The Palace of Auburn Hills to Little Caesars Arena as soon as the 2017–18 season, pending city and league approval. Pistons owner Tom Gores, Palace Sports & Entertainment vice chairman Arn Tellem, and Olympia Entertainment had been in negotiations over a partnership since the summer of 2015, with talks intensifying just as the Pistons were set to open their 2016–17 season; the terms also included a possible merger between Olympia and the Pistons' holding company Palace Sports & Entertainment. The Pistons sought land to construct a new headquarters and practice facility within the vicinity of the arena.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: On November 22, 2016, the Pistons officially announced that they would move to Little Caesars Arena starting with the 2017–18 season.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: On June 20, 2017, Detroit City Council approved the Pistons' move to Little Caesars Arena. On August 3, 2017, the NBA Board of Governors unanimously approved the move, which made it official. This marked the first time since 1974 that all four of Detroit's major league sports teams played in the city limits on a regular basis, and the first time since 1978 that the Pistons played in the city of Detroit on a regular basis. The move also marked the first time since 1961 that they and the Red Wings shared the same arena on a regular basis. The move made Detroit the only U.S. city to have four major league sports teams in its downtown district, and one of only two U.S. cities to have four major league sports teams play in a single complex, the other being Philadelphia.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: On October 8, 2017, as a byproduct of the move, Olympia Entertainment and Palace Sports & Entertainment formed 313 Presents LLC, a joint venture that handles entertainment bookings and event management at the venues owned by both companies.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Little Caesars Arena opened on September 5, 2017 with a ribbon cutting ceremony. The Red Wings played their inaugural game at Little Caesars Arena during the preseason against the Boston Bruins on September 23, 2017. They won the game 5–1. They played their first regular season game at the arena on October 5, 2017 against the Minnesota Wild. The Red Wings won the game 4–2.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The Pistons played their inaugural game at Little Caesars Arena during the preseason against the Charlotte Hornets on October 4, 2017. They lost the game 108–106. Their regular season home opener, also against the Hornets, was played on October 18, 2017. The Pistons beat the Hornets 102–90.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Upon moving to Little Caesars Arena, the Pistons unveiled a new basketball court featuring the Platinum Equity logo in place of the LCA logo, making them the only NBA team not to display any arena signage on the court.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In the inaugural season of Little Caesars Arena, concerns were raised over diminished attendance of Red Wings and Pistons games. During the Red Wings' first regular season game at the arena, the sight of a half empty lower bowl was noticeable due to it being nationally televised. When asked about this, Olympia CEO Tom Wilson explained that many fans went to the concourse to check out the arena, noting that the same thing happened during the first event. In early November 2017, the team announced that all of the home games played at that point were sellouts despite the sight of empty seats. Like the Red Wings, the Pistons have had similar issues. When asked about it, they stated that ticket sales were up despite the empty seats.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In October 2018, it was announced that all of the arena's red seats would be replaced by black ones. Media outlets noted that the red seats made the sight of empty seats appear more obvious.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In August 2018, Google relocated a regional sales office from Birmingham to leased office space on the Little Caesars Arena property.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: , beyond a new Little Caesars world headquarters across from Comerica Park, the Wayne State University Mike Ilitch School of Business neighboring Little Caesars Arena (both of which have ties to the Ilitch family), and an office building, little of the promised redevelopment tied to the arena has materialized.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: It was originally announced that Little Caesars Arena would cost $450 million to construct, on top of an additional $200 million for constructing the new district. $285 million of the total $650 million cost would be public funds, with $365.5 million in private funding.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In June 2017, a lawsuit was filed by Robert Davis and city clerk candidate D. Etta Wilcoxon, seeking to prohibit the use of school property tax revenue to fund Little Caesars Arena and the new Pistons headquarters without a public vote. The money had originally been approved by voters only for use by Detroit Public Schools Community District to cover operational expenses. District Judge Mark A. Goldsmith dismissed much of the suit, ruling that the plaintiffs lacked standing to sue over the issue. The judge did, however, allow an unrelated count, alleging violations of the Equal Protection Clause by the DPSCD against Davis, to move forward.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The DDA, which owns the arena, uses an estimated $15 million annually in state school taxes to repay Michigan State.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: On February 11, 2016, it was reported that a local businessman had sold the domain name "littlecaesarsarena.com" three weeks earlier to an international brokerage firm for "five figures", which suggested that Little Caesars, a pizza chain also owned by the Ilitch family, had acquired the naming rights to the new arena. Olympia Entertainment officially announced on April 28, 2016 that the venue would be known as Little Caesars Arena. It was also revealed that a large Little Caesars logo would be displayed on the arena's roof; the previous plan for the LED roof was dismissed as being a "placeholder". Chris Ilitch defended the decision of not selling the naming rights to a third-party company, arguing that it was meant to reflect Little Caesars' position as a "legacy business" of the Ilitch family.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The announcement was poorly received. Prior to the unveiling of the official name, some fans suggested to "The Detroit News" that the arena should have been named after Gordie Howe. Following Howe's death on June 10, 2016, an online petition began to circulate requesting that Little Caesars Arena be renamed in honor of the former Red Wings player.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: A number of nicknames have emerged for the venue, including "LCA", "The Pizzarena", "The Hot N' Ready Arena", "The Pizza Box", "The Pizza Palace", and "The DoughJoe".


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The 2017–18 edition of the Great Lakes Invitational moved to the arena for the first time from January 1–2, 2018.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The 2020 NCAA Men's Frozen Four was scheduled to be held at Little Caesars Arena, hosted by Michigan State University. However, on March 12, 2020, the NCAA announced that all championships for the season would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The first regular season college basketball games held at Little Caesars Arena were played on December 16, 2017, with a doubleheader featuring the Michigan Wolverines playing the Detroit Mercy Titans, and the Michigan State Spartans playing the Oakland Golden Grizzlies.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: As part of a contract carried over from Joe Louis Arena, Little Caesars Arena hosted the Horizon League's men's and women's basketball tournaments until 2019, under the blanket title "Motor City Madness". Detroit began hosting the men's tournament at Joe Louis Arena in 2016 under a 5-year deal, and the women's tournament in 2017. The tournaments moved to Indianapolis for 2020.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: Little Caesars Arena hosted first and second-round games during the 2018 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, hosted by the University of Detroit Mercy. Although the nearby Palace of Auburn Hills hosted preliminary rounds of the Tournament in 2013, this was the Tournament's first visit to Detroit since the city hosted the 2009 Final Four at Ford Field. The Tournament will return to the arena for the Midwest Regional in 2024. The Tournament was originally slated to return in 2021. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the games were relocated.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: On July 17, 2019, the Michigan State Spartans and the Oakland Golden Grizzlies announced a six-year deal that extended their series. The games will rotate between Little Caesars Arena and the Breslin Center. The first game was played at the arena on December 14, 2019, while the second game was played on December 21, 2021. The third and final game will be played in 2023.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The 2020 Big3 championship game was scheduled to be held at Little Caesars Arena on August 29, 2020. However, on May 18, 2020, the Big3 announced that the 2020 season would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: On November 11, 2022, the Michigan Wolverines and the Eastern Michigan Eagles played at Little Caesars Arena.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: The 2022 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships were held at the arena, hosted by the University of Michigan.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In its first WWE event, Little Caesars Arena hosted the pay-per-view Hell in a Cell on October 8, 2017, followed by its first "Raw" broadcast on March 12, 2018.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: "Raw" returned on December 28, 2018 to pre-record an episode aired on New Year's Eve. Nearly a year later, a match was recorded for Fox's "New Year's Eve with Steve Harvey" following the live "SmackDown" at the arena on December 27, 2019. "SmackDown" was originally scheduled to return on March 13, 2020, but the show (and all other WWE programming) was called off and relocated to the WWE Performance Center in Orlando due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: All Elite Wrestling (AEW) hosted its first event at Little Caesars Arena on June 29, 2022 with a live broadcast of Blood and Guts and tapings of "Rampage" and "".


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: In August 2019, Little Caesars Arena hosted the 2019 "League of Legends" Championship Series Summer Finals. The event featured a performance by Detroit musician Jax Anderson for its opening ceremony.


title: Little Caesars Arena

text: After every Red Wings goal, a recording of the horn used at Joe Louis Arena from 1994 to 2017 blares. According to Olympia Entertainment president Tom Wilson, the Red Wings initially intended to bring the old horn to the new arena, but discovered that the acoustics at Little Caesars Arena would have made it all but impossible to hear. With this in mind, they decided to record the horn and amplify the sound so it resembled the original. The recorded horn has received mixed reviews from Red Wings fans, with a petition calling for the Red Wings to bring back the old horn.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Joshua Harris (born 1965) is an American private equity investor and philanthropist who co-founded Apollo Global Management, one of the world's largest alternative investment firms. Harris is the principal owner and managing partner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League and the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association, and is a general partner in Crystal Palace of the English Premier League.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris was born to a Jewish family in 1965 and raised in Chevy Chase, Maryland. He attended high school in Washington D.C at The Field School. Harris graduated "summa cum laude" with a B.S. in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1986, and then received his MBA from the Harvard Business School as a Baker Loeb Scholar. Harris wrestled in college.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: He began working in the mergers-and-acquisitions department at Drexel Burnham Lambert in 1986 and worked there for two years before leaving to get his MBA at Harvard. After graduating, he initially worked at Blackstone for two months before co-founding Apollo Global Management with Leon Black and Marc Rowan in 1990.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: In 2008, Harris and his Apollo partners invested $2 billion into LyondellBasell before it filed for bankruptcy in 2009. When Apollo eventually sold their shares in the company in 2013, they realized a paper profit of $9.6 billion, the biggest profit ever from a private equity investment according to Bloomberg.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: He is currently one of three managing partners of Apollo, along with Black and Rowan. Harris' role includes oversight of the firm's day-to-day operations. As of July 2020, his estimated net worth was $4.7 billion.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: In 2017 Harris met with Trump officials to discuss infrastructure issues. In November of that year, Apollo Global Management loaned $184 million to Kushner Companies. Apollo spokesman Charles V. Zehren stated that Harris was not involved in the decision to loan to Kushner.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: As of the end of the third quarter of 2020, Harris and his Apollo partners reported that the firm had $433 billion in assets under management.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris and David S. Blitzer of the private equity firm Blackstone Group are the co-founders and managing partners of an investment group, Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment that won a $280 million bid for the purchase of the Philadelphia 76ers from Comcast Spectacor in 2011. The other members of the investment group were portfolio manager Art Wrubel, a fellow Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania graduate, as well as former NBA agent and Sacramento Kings executive Jason Levien, former Vail Resorts CEO Adam Aron, Martin J. Geller, David B. Heller, Travis Hennings, James Lassiter, Marc Leder, Michael Rubin, Will Smith & Jada Pinkett Smith, and Indonesian businessmen Handy Soetedjo & Erick Thohir. Comcast Spectacor and Harris began talks in the summer of 2011. The deal was announced on July 13, 2011. The NBA formally approved the deal on October 13, 2011.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: On August 15, 2013, it was announced that HBSE, led by Harris and partner Blitzer purchased a majority stake in the New Jersey Devils of the NHL, which includes the rights to operate Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. The transaction was reportedly for over $320 million.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris and Blitzer were rumored to be interested in purchasing Premier League team Aston Villa, following the announcement by Randy Lerner that the club is up for sale. Harris was then further linked in acquiring South London club Crystal Palace, currently of the Premier League. After more than a year of talks, Harris and Blitzer each bought an 18% stake in Crystal Palace in December 2015, matching the stake owned by team chairman Steve Parish and giving the three control of the club.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris and Blitzer, through Harris Blitzer Sports and Entertainment, also own the NBA G League's Delaware Blue Coats, the AHL's Binghamton Devils, esports team Dignitas of New Meta Entertainment, sports tech venture capital firm HBSE Ventures, and marketing, hospitality, and event ticketing company Elevate Sports Ventures.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris has also expressed interest in buying the first NFL team to be based out of London. In June 2020, Bloomberg reported that Harris & Blitzer acquired a stake of less than 5% in the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers. As part of this transaction, the two joined the ownership group as passive investors. The stake was not part of their holding company, Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris and his wife Marjorie co-founded Harris Philanthropies, formerly known as the Harris Family Charitable Foundation, in 2014. The foundation’s stated goals are "to uplift communities in need, pioneer solutions and promote education and leadership development."


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris has supported After-School All-Stars and America SCORES which help low-income youth to combine their love of athletics with academic success.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: In August 2020, Harris and his wife gave a $2 million grant to the Bridgespan Group to launch Leading for Impact, a leadership program to serve Philadelphia area nonprofits.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: In February 2019, Harris and his wife gave $10 million to his alma mater, Penn’s Wharton School, to establish the Joshua J. Harris Alternative Investments Program. Previously, Harris established the school’s Harris Family Endowed Scholarship. In July 2018, the family’s foundation also donated $1 million to support Penn’s wrestling program.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: In 2015, Harris committed to donate $3.5 million over 5 years to the Philadelphia Police Athletic League, a cause committed to helping Philadelphia children. This was the largest gift in the organization’s history.


title: Josh Harris (businessman)

text: Harris is married to Marjorie Harris (née Rubin), they have five children, and live in Miami. In 2020, the family moved to Miami, Florida from New York City. Harris sits on the board of Mount Sinai Medical Center, Harvard Business School, and Wharton’s Board of Overseers. In 2013, he was honored by the National Wrestling Hall of Fame with the Outstanding American Award. Harris regularly supports the teams he is involved with by attending games and he trains and runs in marathons.


title: Foobar

text: The terms foobar (), foo, bar, baz, and others are used as metasyntactic variables and placeholder names in computer programming or computer-related documentation. They have been used to name entities such as variables, functions, and commands whose exact identity is unimportant and serve only to demonstrate a concept.


title: Foobar

text: It is possible that "foobar" is a playful allusion to the World War II-era military slang FUBAR ("Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition)".


title: Foobar

text: According to an Internet Engineering Task Force RFC, the word FOO originated as a nonsense word with its earliest documented use in the 1930s comic "Smokey Stover" by Bill Holman. Holman states that he used the word due to having seen it on the bottom of a jade Chinese figurine in San Francisco Chinatown, purportedly signifying "good luck". If true, this is presumably related to the Chinese word "fu" ("", sometimes transliterated "foo", as in "foo dog"), which can mean "happiness" or "blessing".


title: Foobar

text: The first known use of the terms in print in a programming context appears in a 1965 edition of MIT's "Tech Engineering News". The use of "foo" in a programming context is generally credited to the Tech Model Railroad Club (TMRC) of MIT from circa 1960. In the complex model system, there were scram switches located at numerous places around the room that could be thrown if something undesirable was about to occur, such as a train moving at full power towards an obstruction. Another feature of the system was a digital clock on the dispatch board. When someone hit a scram switch, the clock stopped and the display was replaced with the word "FOO"; at TMRC the scram switches are, therefore, called "Foo switches". Because of this, an entry in the 1959 "Dictionary of the TMRC Language" went something like this: "FOO: The first syllable of the misquoted sacred chant phrase 'foo mane padme hum.' Our first obligation is to keep the foo counters turning." One book describing the MIT train room describes two buttons by the door labeled "foo" and "bar". These were general-purpose buttons and were often repurposed for whatever fun idea the MIT hackers had at the time, hence the adoption of foo and bar as general-purpose variable names. An entry in the "Abridged Dictionary of the TMRC Language" states:


title: Foobar

text: "Foobar" was used as a variable name in the Fortran code of "Colossal Cave Adventure" (1977 Crowther and Woods version). The variable FOOBAR was used to contain the player's progress in saying the magic phrase "Fee Fie Foe Foo". Intel also used the term "foo" in their programming documentation in 1978.


title: Fiserv

text: Fiserv, Inc. () is an American multinational company headquartered in Brookfield, Wisconsin that provides financial technology services to clients across the financial services sector, including: banks, thrifts, credit unions, securities broker dealers, mortgage, insurance, leasing and finance companies, and retailers.


title: Fiserv

text: In October 2015, "American Banker" and BAI ranked the company third by revenue among technology providers to U.S. banks. Fiserv reported total revenue of $10.187 billion in 2019. Fiserv is also the owner of First Data, which connects 2 million ATMs through the STAR network.


title: Fiserv

text: Fiserv was founded in 1984. The company quickly grew and was listed on the NASDAQ less than two years after its founding, mainly through a large number of acquisitions, the largest in the early years of the company being Citicorp Information Resources. Fiserv's website was launched in 1995 and subsequently debuted fully electronic bills (branded as E-bills) in 1997. Fiserv reached $1 billion in revenue. Between 2000 and 2017, Fiserv continued to acquire other companies, including CheckFree Corporation, M-Com, CashEdge, and PCLender.


title: Fiserv

text: In 2005, Jeffery Yabuki became the CEO. In 2020, Yabuki stepped down as CEO and was replaced by Frank Bisignano.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: David Patrick Griffin (born 25 May 1945), known professionally as Dave Lee Travis, is an English disc jockey, radio presenter and television presenter.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis began his broadcasting career on the pirate radio station Radio Caroline in 1965. He moved to BBC Radio 1 where he became one of the station's leading presenters during the 1970s and 1980s, and a regular presenter of "Top of the Pops". Following his resignation from the BBC in 1993, he worked for several British commercial radio stations.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In November 2012, Travis was arrested by officers from Operation Yewtree on suspicion of historical sexual offences, which he denied. In February 2014, he was found not guilty on twelve of the counts, with the jury unable to reach a decision on a further two counts. Travis faced a retrial on the two outstanding counts, with an additional alleged offence from 1995. The retrial began on 5 September 2014. On 23 September he was found guilty by a majority verdict of one count of indecent assault and on 26 September given a three-month prison sentence suspended for two years.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Born in Buxton, Derbyshire, Travis was raised in Manchester. His father was a stage manager and he attended Manchester Central Grammar School for Boys.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis's first jobs were as a graphic designer, a designer of shop interiors and a photographer. At night and weekends he began working as a DJ at the Oasis Club in Manchester, making use of a Dansette autochanger. Giving up his other jobs, he went on a self-created and promoted UK tour of clubs, ballrooms and theatres presenting his own DJ shows. Consequently, he was asked by Herman's Hermits to become the tour manager and warm-up DJ on their next tour of the United States, supporting Bobby Vee and Freddy Cannon. On his return to the UK, Travis returned to the north of England and continued to promote his own shows in Blackpool, Bury and the surrounding areas.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In September 1965, Travis started work at the offshore pirate radio station Radio Caroline South from the MV "Mi Amigo" off the Essex coast, later moving onto Radio Caroline North from the MV "Fredericia" off the Isle of Man until mid-August 1967. From spring 1966 until early 1969 he co-presented the monthly "Beat-Club" pop programme, on television in Germany together with Uschi Nerke.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In 1967, offshore pirate radio was outlawed by the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act. Travis returned to Manchester to present the daily radio show "Pop North" on Radio 1 in 1968, and hosted Saturday afternoon programmes in the 4 to 5:30pm slot. In 1969, he took over a Sunday morning show from 10am to midday. In 1971, he was promoted to the weekday lunchtime show from 11am to 1pm, moving back to Sunday mornings in 1973 and also presenting the "Radio 1 Club" on Thursdays from 5 to 7pm. He also presented the Sunday afternoon request show between 3 and 5pm.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In 1976, Travis took over the weekday teatime slot, 4:305:45pm (extended to run 4:307pm in 1977). He then took over "The Radio 1 Breakfast Show" from Noel Edmonds in May 1978 and continued in this slot until January 1981. He nicknamed himself "the Hairy Cornflake" during his time as the "Radio 1 Breakfast Show" host.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In 1976, an on-air parody of C W McCall's US hit "Convoy" led to a release of the song "Convoy GB" as a single, recorded with fellow DJ Paul Burnett under the name Laurie Lingo and the Dipsticks. The song reached number four in the UK singles chart and Travis appeared as the song's narrator "Super Scouse" on "Top of the Pops".


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In January 1981, Travis moved to weekday afternoons from 2:30 to 4:30pm. Later that year he moved back to the weekday lunchtime slot from 11:30am to 2pm, before moving to a Saturday morning show in 1983 from 10am to 1pm, then Sunday mornings from 10am to 1pm in 1987, taking over both Saturday and Sunday in September 1988.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: On 8 August 1993, Travis resigned on-air during his Sunday morning show, stating that he could not agree with changes that were being made to Radio 1. Travis told his audience that changes were afoot that he could not tolerate "and I really want to put the record straight at this point and I thought you ought to know – changes are being made here which go against my principles and I just cannot agree with them".


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: From 1981 to 2001, Travis presented the BBC World Service music request programme "A Jolly Good Show," having taken over from Noel Edmonds. In June 2011, Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi said the programme had given her a lifeline. The Nobel Peace Prize winner, who had spent 15 years under house arrest from 1989, told the BBC that "A Jolly Good Show" had made her "world much more complete". Travis said he was "touched" but "not surprised" that she had remembered it.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: On leaving Radio 1, Travis hosted a networked Sunday morning show (10am1pm) across some of the UK's commercial radio stations. He also went to Classic Gold where he hosted the 10am1pm morning show (later 9amnoon), before moving to breakfast 7am9am and then back to mornings 9am11am.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In 2002, Travis left Classic Gold to work for the British Army's Garrison FM. From March 2003 to March 2007, Travis returned to the BBC, and presented a Sunday morning show from 9am to noon on BBC Three Counties Radio, his local BBC radio station.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis worked at the Magic Network from July 2006 until 2012. Following his arrest on sexual assault allegations, the station suspended him and did not renew his contract.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis returned to the radio in April 2018 presenting a Saturday show on United DJs Radio. He left in September 2018 due to back pain but returned on 29 February 2020.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis presented the German TV show "Beat-Club", where he introduced such acts as Cream, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Steamhammer.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In November 1973, Travis first presented BBC1's "Top of the Pops" as a replacement for Kenny Everett. Travis remained a regular presenter through 1984. He was also the presenter of "The Golden Oldie Picture Show" in the mid-1980s, an attempt by the BBC to create videos for classic pop songs that pre-dated the video age.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis provided the UK commentary for the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 in Dublin, Ireland, and in 1985 presented the Eurovision Song Contest Previews on BBC1.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In 2007, Travis appeared in the video for the Comic Relief version of the Proclaimers song "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)", performed by Peter Kay and Matt Lucas.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Other TV appearances include "The Weakest Link", "Noel's House Party", "The Mrs Merton Show", "Stars Reunited", "Kick Start", "Dave's Lee's and Travis's" and "Today with Des and Mel".


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In October 2012, two former BBC employees alleged that Travis had sexually assaulted several women during his time at the BBC. One of the women, who was 17 at the time, claimed in the media after making a formal statement to police that Travis put his hand up her skirt in 1977. The other, presenter Vivien Creegor, claimed Travis "jiggled her breasts" when she was live on BBC Radio 4 in the 1980s.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: On 15 November 2012, Travis was arrested at his home by the Metropolitan Police as part of the Operation Yewtree inquiry. He was the fourth person to be arrested as part of the investigation.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: In October 2013, Travis was charged with 14 allegations of indecent assault and one of sexual assault between 1976 and 2008, relating to 11 female complainants aged between 15 and 29 at the time of the alleged offences. He pleaded not guilty and the trial began in January 2014 at Southwark Crown Court. On 13 February, Travis was found not guilty on twelve counts, and the jury failed to reach a verdict on the remaining two counts. Following the verdict, Travis told reporters "I do not feel like there is a victory in any way, shape or form. On the contrary, I think you already know that I have been through a year-and-a-half of hell on this." On 24 February, it was reported that the prosecution was seeking a retrial on the two outstanding counts.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: On 28 March 2014, it was reported Travis would face another charge of indecent assault as well as the retrial on the two outstanding counts. On 15 April, it was reported he was facing another charge of indecent assault on a woman aged over 16 in 1995. He appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court on 24 April, where he denied the charges. His trial began on 5 September at Southwark Crown Court. On 23 September, Travis was found guilty by a majority verdict of 10–2 of indecently assaulting a female researcher working on "The Mrs Merton Show" in 1995. He was found not guilty of indecently assaulting another woman while appearing in a production of "Aladdin" in 1990. The jury was unable to reach a verdict on a third charge from 2008, involving a journalist who visited his home. On Friday 26 September 2014 he was sentenced to three months in prison, suspended for two years.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: The Attorney General's office rejected four complaints that the sentence was too lenient. On 8 December 2015, the Court of Appeal rejected Travis's bid to overturn his conviction.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis lives in Buckland, Buckinghamshire. On 6 May 1971, he married Marianne Bergqvist, who is originally from Sweden.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: His interests include photography and classic cars. In 1987, he published a book of his photographs of well-known women, called "A Bit of a Star", which he dedicated to his late father. In the 1970s, Travis was a regular drag racer.


title: Tarawa

text: Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the Micronesia region of the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has 6,629 inhabitants and much in common with other more remote islands of the Gilberts group, and South Tarawa, which has 56,388 inhabitants , half of the country's total population. The atoll was the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.


title: Tarawa

text: Tarawa is an old Gilbertese form for "Te Rawa", meaning "The Passage" (of the Lagoon), named for the unusual large ship channel to the lagoon. In the popular etymology based on Kiribati mythology, Nareau, the God-spider, distinguished "Karawa", the sky, from "Marawa", the Sea, from "Tarawa", the land.


title: Tarawa

text: Tarawa has a large lagoon, in total area, and a wide reef. The lagoon is widely open to the ocean, with a large ship pass. Although naturally abundant in fish and shellfish of all kinds, marine resources are being strained by the large and growing population. Drought is frequent, but in normal years rainfall is sufficient to maintain breadfruit, papaya and banana trees as well as coconut and pandanus.


title: Tarawa

text: North Tarawa consists of a string of islets from Buariki in the north to Buota in the south. The islets are separated in places by wide channels that are best crossed at low tide, and there is a ferry service between Buota and Abatao. Only Buota is connected by road to South Tarawa, via a bridge.


title: Tarawa

text: On South Tarawa, the construction of causeways has now created a single strip of land from Betio in the west to Tanaea in the northeast.


title: Tarawa

text: Tarawa features a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification. The climate is pleasant from April to October, with predominant northeastern winds and stable temperatures close to . From November to March, western gales bring rain and occasional cyclones.


title: Tarawa

text: Precipitation varies significantly between islands. For example, the annual average is 3,000 mm (120 in) in the north and 500 mm (20 in) in the south of the Gilbert Islands. Most of these islands are in the dry belt of the equatorial oceanic climatic zone and experience prolonged droughts.


title: Tarawa

text: Tarawa atoll has three administrative subdivisions: Betio Town Council (or BTC), on Betio Islet; (or TUC), from Bairiki to Tanaea; and Eutan Tarawa Council (or ETC), for North Tarawa or "Tarawa Ieta", consisting of all the islets on the east side from Buota northwards. The meaning of "Te inainano" in Gilbertese language is "down of the mast", alluding to the sail-shape of the atoll


title: Tarawa

text: South Tarawa hosts the capital of the Republic of Kiribati and was also the central headquarters of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands since 1895. The House of Assembly is in Ambo, and the State House is in Bairiki. The offices of the various ministries of the government range from Betio at the south-west extreme to Nawerewere (on an easterly island in its chain), close to Bonriki (International Airport) and Temwaiku. Settlements on North Tarawa include Buariki, Abaokoro, Marenanuka and Taborio.


title: Tarawa

text: Three resident diplomatic missions exist: the embassy of China (closed in 2003, re-opened in 2020), and the high commissions of Australia and New Zealand. The United Nations are also present in Kiribati, including UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS, UN Women, WHO and FAO.


title: Tarawa

text: In Kiribati mythology, Tarawa was the earth when the land, ocean and sky had not been cleaved yet by Nareau the spider. Thus, after calling the sky "karawa" and the ocean "marawa", he called the piece of rock that "Riiki" (another god that Nareau found) had stood upon when he lifted up the sky as, "Tarawa". Nareau then created the rest of the islands in Kiribati and also Samoa.


title: Tarawa

text: Gilbertese arrived at these islands thousands of years ago, and there have been migrations to and from Gilbert Islands since antiquity.


title: Tarawa

text: Evidence from a range of sources, including carbon dating and DNA analyses, confirms that the exploration of the Pacific included settlement of the Gilbert Islands by around 200 BC. The people of Tungaru (native name of the Gilbertese) are still excellent seafarers, capable of making ocean crossings in locally made vessels using traditional navigation techniques.


title: Tarawa

text: Thomas Gilbert, captain of the East India Company vessel , was the first European to describe Tarawa, arriving on 20 June 1788. He did not land. He named it Matthew Island, after the owner of his ship "Charlotte". He named the lagoon Charlotte Bay. Gilbert's 1788 sketches survive.


title: Tarawa

text: Charles Richard Swayne, the first Resident Commissioner, decided to install the central headquarters of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands protectorate in Tarawa in 1895.


title: Tarawa

text: Sir Arthur Grimble was a cadet administrative officer based at Tarawa (1913–1919) and became Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony in 1926.


title: Tarawa

text: During World War II, Tarawa was occupied by the Japanese, and beginning on 20 November 1943 it was the scene of the bloody Battle of Tarawa. On that day U.S. Marines landed on Tarawa and fought Japanese soldiers occupying entrenched positions on the atoll. The Marines captured the island after 76 hours of intense fighting that killed 6,000 people in total.


title: Tarawa

text: The fierce fighting was the subject of a documentary film produced by the Combat Photographers of the Second Marine Division entitled "With the Marines at Tarawa". It was released in March 1944 at the insistence of President Roosevelt. It became the first time many Americans viewed American servicemen dead on film.. The US built bases on Island.


title: Tarawa

text: The Kiribati Government began a road restoration project funded in part by the World Bank in 2014 to re-surface the main road from Betio in the west to Bonriki in the east, upgrading the main road that transits Tarawa from a dirt road. As of 2018, all that remained to be completed of this project was the sealing of the Japanese Causeway, connecting Bairiki and Betio, done in 2019.


title: Pokémon Crystal

text: The gameplay of "Pokémon Crystal" is largely the same as in "Gold" and "Silver", although it has several new features. It is the first "Pokémon" game to allow players to choose the sex of their character, while previously the character was always male. For the first time, Pokémon have brief animated sprites once entering battle; for example, when a Cyndaquil enters battle, the flames on its back flicker. This feature was absent in "Pokémon Ruby" and "Sapphire" and "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen", before reappearing in "Pokémon Emerald" and all subsequent games. In addition, a couple of subplots were added, one involving the legendary Pokémon Suicune, featured on the front cover of the game, and the other involving the Unown. The game's most significant addition is the Battle Tower, a new building which allows players to participate in "Pokémon Stadium"-like fights. The Japanese edition of the game was exclusively bundled with the a device that allowed for connecting with other players via a mobile phone.


title: Pokémon Crystal

text: The setting and story remains largely the same as "Pokémon Gold" and "Silver". The legendary beast Suicune now has a more prominent role in the game's storyline than in Pokemon Gold and Silver. Awakening the legendary beast trio (Suicune, Entei, Raikou) is now required in order to challenge Ecruteak Gym Leader Morty. Suicune is encountered at various locations throughout Johto. After receiving the Clear Bell (in lieu of the Rainbow Wing in Pokemon Gold or Silver Wing in Pokemon Silver), Suicune will appear stationary at the Tin Tower. Mythicalman Eusine is introduced; his life goal is searching for Suicune and he will battle the player in Cianwood City to gain Suicune's respect.


title: Pokémon Crystal

text: It was released in Japan on December 14, 2000, North America on July 29, 2001, Australia on September 30, 2001, and Europe on November 2, 2001. "Crystal" was re-released worldwide via the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console on January 26, 2018. A physical box with a download code for the game was released in Japan and Europe.


title: Pokémon Crystal

text: "Pokémon Crystal" was well received by critics, although many commented that there were just not enough new additions and features to significantly set it apart from "Pokémon Gold" and "Silver". Craig Harris of "IGN" stated "The final (hopefully) Game Boy Color edition is definitely the version to get if you aren't already one of the upteenth billion owners of the previous games, with "Crystal"s slight updates to the design and graphics. But there's not much in this edition that makes it a "must buy" for folks who already own a copy or two of the previous editions". "GameSpot" nominated "Crystal" for its annual "Best Game Boy Color Game" award, which went to . The Australian Nintendo Gamer magazine gave a review score of 88 out of 100 and gave praise to the game's improvements from Gold and Silver including the option to choose either a male or female Pokémon trainer, enhanced graphics, more animated Pokémon battles and improved location navigation and stating “The main map and features of the game remain the same, but there are enough little differences to make it a worthwhile addition to your Pokémon game collection.”


title: Pokémon Crystal

text: "Pokémon Crystal" was the second-best-selling Game Boy Color game in Japan, with 1,871,307 copies sold. It has sold nearly 6.4 million units worldwide.


title: Pokémon Crystal

text: A bootleg release of "Pokémon Crystal" called "Pokémon Vietnamese Crystal", often shortened to "Vietnamese Crystal" is infamous for its poorly translated English text and gameplay oddities, such as profanity and calling Pokémon "elves".


title: DJ Paul

text: Paul Duane Beauregard (born January 12, 1977), better known by his stage name DJ Paul, is an American DJ, record producer, and rapper from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a founding member of hip hop group Three 6 Mafia and uncle of the late rapper Lord Infamous. He is also a part owner of FaZe Clan.


title: DJ Paul

text: DJ Paul started his career in the late 1980s as a DJ and released a number of solo tapes, as well as three collaboration albums with Lord Infamous as The Serial Killaz. Juicy J was introduced and the three founded the group Three 6 Mafia, going on to achieve national success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Their 2000 album, "", debuted at number six on the "Billboard" 200 chart and was certified platinum. Later followed by "Da Unbreakables" in 2003 and "Most Known Unknown" in 2005, both of which were commercially successful. In 2006, DJ Paul, Juicy J, Crunchy Black, and Frayser Boy won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" from the film "Hustle & Flow". Paul has also released three solo albums, and created soundtracks to two movies. He and the rest of Three 6 Mafia are known as the originators of the crunk style of music. In 2018, he co-produced the track "Talk Up" featuring JAY-Z from Drake's fifth studio album, "Scorpion".


title: DJ Paul

text: Aside from music, DJ Paul has been involved in a variety of business ventures, including film production and real estate. He founded his own record label Scale-A-Ton Entertainment, co-owns the fashion wear line Dangerus / Skandulus, has a collection of BBQ seasonings and is the spokesman for a legal version of the drink Sizzurp.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 1988, DJ Paul started his career at age 11 as a DJ in Memphis club "380 Beale". At first he wanted to focus on DJing instead of rapping. In 1989, he formed the duo The Serial Killaz, together with his nephew Lord Infamous. Paul served as the producer, making beats, which Infamous would rap over. The two did not have any equipment, so they used to rent local DJ Just Born's studio with the money their father gave them. Paul would play and scratch records on his mother's record player when she was not home. They released self-recorded tapes in their neighborhood, school, and local shops. Their first tape, "Portrait of a Serial Killa", was released in 1992. In the following years, the duo went on to release "The Serial Killaz" tape and two parts of "Come with Me 2 Hell".


title: DJ Paul

text: DJ Paul eventually bought studio equipment, consisting of a keyboard, a turntable, and a four-track recorder. He started making mixtapes with popular songs and selling them at his high school. Later he started including songs of his affiliated rappers on the tapes as well, in order to promote them. Eventually, he began making mixtapes consisting only of original songs by himself and local artists. Paul claimed that Memphis DJs, such as himself, DJ Spanish Fly, DJ Squeeky and Juicy J created the modern format of mixtapes by including their original songs, instead of making compilations of other artists' music.


title: DJ Paul

text: DJ Paul also released a number of solo tapes called Volume 1 to Volume 16. He rose to prominence as a DJ and producer on the south side of Memphis, and was introduced to fellow producer Juicy J, who was also garnering buzz on the north side of the city. Together with Lord Infamous, they formed the group The Backyard Posse. DJ Paul and Juicy J soon began producing tracks, described as "dark, eerie ... driven by bass-heavy beats and haunting sounds." They changed their name to Triple Six Mafia, after a phrase Lord Infamous would use to refer to the group in their songs.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 1994, Triple Six Mafia were joined by Koopsta Knicca and released the underground album "Smoked Out Loced Out". Later the group acquired two more members, Gangsta Boo and Crunchy Black and changed its name again to Three 6 Mafia. In 1995, they self-released their debut studio album, "Mystic Stylez". Following the album's success, Three 6 Mafia signed a major label deal with Relativity Records. They also started their own label Hypnotize Minds and signed a number of local artists, such as Project Pat, MC Mack, La Chat, Frayser Boy and Lil Wyte, among others. DJ Paul and Juicy J exclusively produced the whole albums by their artists, as well as Three 6 Mafia's releases. The group achieved commercial success with their 2000 album, "", which debuted at number six on the "Billboard" 200 chart and was eventually certified platinum by RIAA.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2002, DJ Paul released his debut solo studio album "". Most of the songs, originally featured on his 1994 mixtape "Underground Volume 16: 4 Da Summa of '94", were remastered and some of the old featured artists were replaced with new ones from Hypnotize Minds, such as Frayser Boy and La Chat. The album peaked at number 127 at the "Billboard" 200.


title: DJ Paul

text: Three 6 Mafia released two more commercially successful albums: "Da Unbreakables" in 2003 and "Most Known Unknown" in 2005, both peaking in top five of "Billboard" 200. They also created the soundtracks of the movies "Choices" and its sequel "Choices II: The Setup". By 2006, Paul and Juicy were the only members of the group left.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2006, DJ Paul, Juicy J, and Crunchy Black won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" from the film "Hustle & Flow". The song, which they co-wrote with HCP member Frayser Boy, was also ranked at number 80 on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop".


title: DJ Paul

text: After Three 6 Mafia released their 2008 album "Last 2 Walk", the group had conflicts with their label Sony about their music style, which led DJ Paul and Juicy J to pursue other ventures and their solo careers.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2009, Paul released "The Weigh In" – his first mixtape since the "Volume" series in the early 1990s. A few months later he followed up with his second solo album "Scale-A-Ton", released under Paul's newly founded label Scale-A-Ton Entertainment. The album was received well by critics, earning a positive review and an "Album pick" by AllMusic. In 2010, Paul released his second mixtape "Too Kill Again", hosted by DJ Scream and DJ Whoo Kid. The mixtape features many upcoming and new Memphis artists such as Lion Heart, Thug Therapy, Partee and Miscellaneous. DJ Paul stated the tape was a preview to his upcoming album, also titled "Too Kill Again", which however was never released. Instead, in 2011, Paul made a new collaboration mixtape with rapper Ya Boy and producer Lil Lody, called "Pray For Forgiveness". A few months later Paul released a retail No-DJ version with bonus songs to iTunes.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2012, Paul announced he was working on an experimental dub-hop EP called "A Person of Interest". Later he changed it into a full featured album, which was released on October 22. "A Person of Interest" was packed with a bonus DVD, including a self-titled short movie, music videos and behind the scenes footage. Paul released videos for a number of songs from the album, including "What I Look Like (W.I.L.L.)", "Wit Tha Shit", "Trap Back Jumpin", "E&J" and a remix of "I'm Dat Raw" with Snow Tha Product. Paul called "A Person of Interest" his favorite solo album, stating that he loved the production and the "raw" sound of the album.


title: DJ Paul

text: In early 2013, DJ Paul focused on performing as a DJ, and created a DJ duo, called S.I.M. (Sex is Mandatory). The group created a number of live sets, as well as remixes to songs, such as Just Blaze & Baauer's "Higher".


title: DJ Paul

text: In late 2013, Paul and Lord Infamous were discussing creating a sequel to their 1993 album "Come with Me 2 Hell", when the latter came with the idea to try and reunite the whole Three 6 Mafia crew. Infamous brought back Crunchy Black, Koopsta Knicca and Gangsta Boo, and the five of them reunited as "Da Mafia 6ix" with plans to release an album in 2014. On November 12, 2013, Da Mafia 6ix released their first mixtape "6ix Commandments". The tape was almost entirely produced by DJ Paul and featured Yelawolf, 8Ball & MJG, Krayzie Bone, Bizzy Bone, SpaceGhostPurrp and HCP affiliates Lil Wyte, Skinny Pimp and La Chat, among others. Juicy J and Project Pat also appeared as surprise guests on the posse song "Body Parts", being credited just as "& more" in the track listing.


title: DJ Paul

text: DJ Paul collaborated on a mixtape titled "Clash of da Titans" with fellow Memphis producer Drumma Boy that was released on October 23, 2013, and on a free EP, called "Black Fall", with rapper Yellawolf, which they put out for Halloween on October 31, 2013. On November 26, 2013, DJ Paul released "Volume 16: The Original Masters", a remaster of his 1994 mixtape "4 da Summer of '94". It was revealed on the PSYR17 EP given away at the 2014 Gathering of the Juggalos that DJ Paul plans to release his next solo album, "Master of Evil", on Psychopathic Records in 2015. He later confirmed it himself on August 28 on The Australia underground hip hop podcast "The Underground Podcast", as well as on the outro song to The Killjoy Club's debut album "Reindeer Games".


title: DJ Paul

text: On August 19, 2016, DJ Paul announced that he has signed to Yelawolf's Slumerican Records. Upon signing with Slumerican, Paul released a two album series titled "YOTS: Year of the Six" parts 1 & 2.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2017, he released the follow up to his album ""Underground, Volume 16: For da Summa"" respectfully titled, ""Underground, Volume 17: For da Summa"" through his own Scale-A-Ton imprint. On September 2, 2018, Paul announced that he had begun working on the next volume in the "Underground" series titled ""Drackula: Vol. 18"", which is said to be recorded in Castle Dracula in Transylvania. The project was originally scheduled to release sometime in 2018, but has since been pushed back to 2019.


title: DJ Paul

text: DJ Paul and Juicy J starred in MTV's 2007 reality show "Adventures in Hollyhood", which showed Three 6 Mafia's move to Hollywood, California, following their Oscar win. The show also featured their personal assistants Computer and Big Triece, as well as Hypnotize Minds artists Project Pat and Lil Wyte. The series aired for eight episodes between April 5 and May 23, 2007.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2011, DJ Paul starred in VH1's cooking show "Famous Food" together with seven other celebrities and eventually won first place. In an interview, Paul cleared up some controversy from the show, involving Ashley Dupre best known from the Eliot Spitzer scandal.


title: DJ Paul

text: In a 2013 interview, Paul said he is getting three hours of sleep a day due to the amount of work he has to do in the variety of business ventures he has a part in. Describing his daily schedule, he said that he works with all of his companies during the day and records music during the night, stating that "I feel like if I'm not working, then I'm losing and I'm not really giving my life what I should be giving."


title: DJ Paul

text: On December 20, 2013, his brother, Lord Infamous, died from a heart attack at his mother's house in Memphis, Tennessee.


title: DJ Paul

text: DJ Paul is no longer engaged to Majda Baltic. They participated in an episode of Celebrity Wife Swap together with Plaxico Burress and his wife. They stated that they met at the Salt Lake City Airport.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2001, DJ Paul and the rest of Three 6 Mafia created the straight-to-video film "Choices", followed by a sequel "Choices II: The Setup", which was released in 2005. In 2007, DJ Paul and Juicy J started their own fashion wear line titled "Dangerus / Skandulus". It was branded as the official Three 6 Mafia wear and includes T-shirts, hats, accessories and stickers. DJ Paul founded his own record label Scale-A-Ton Entertainment in 2009. He has released his last two albums under the label.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2012, DJ Paul launched a collection of BBQ seasonings called "DJ Paul BBQ". Paul initially created a BBQ rub seasoning, soon followed by a Smoked Out BBQ Sauce. In 2013, DJ Paul became the official spokesman for a new legal version of the alcoholic drink Sizzurp. As of 2013, Paul also owns a real estate company.


title: DJ Paul

text: In an interview with Power 105.1's The Breakfast Club, Paul stated he has been arrested numerous times. He was sent to jail for the first time at the age of 17.


title: DJ Paul

text: In 2006, a man from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, named Ramone Williams, filed a lawsuit against DJ Paul and other Three 6 Mafia members, claiming he has been severely beaten at a Three 6 Mafia concert when other fans followed the lyrics of the song "Let's Start a Riot" and attacked him. The man claimed he was hit with a chair, kicked and stomped numerous times. Three 6 Mafia asked for dismissal of the suit on a summary judgment motion. In October 2006, both sides settled the suit and Williams received financial compensation.


title: DJ Paul

text: On June 8, 2012, a lawsuit was filed against DJ Paul and Juicy J for failing to appear at a concert for which they were booked. The suit claimed the two were booked for an April 2011 show in Orlando, Florida but never showed up. They also never returned a $9,000 advance payment they received for the performance. Paul and Juicy are demanded to pay $50,000 for economic loss, out-of-pocket expenses and loss of income and revenue.


title: DJ Paul

text: In October 2012, few days before his third album was released, DJ Paul was arrested in New York when a Taser stun gun was found on him during a routine search. He was charged with misdemeanor and released shortly after. Paul commented on the arrest: "I honestly didn't know it was illegal. I thought it was at the same level as pepper spray." Paul pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 21 hours of community service.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cecilia Cheung Pak-chi (in Chinese 張栢芝, born 24 May 1980) is a Hong Kong actress and cantopop singer. Cheung is considered a "Sing girl"—an actress who first received media attention through starring alongside Stephen Chow, and later went on to her own successful career.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung was born in Man Wah Sun Chuen, Jordan, Hong Kong to Davies Shally, who is of half Chinese and half British descent, and Cheung Yan-yung. Her parents divorced when she was nine years old. She was sent to Melbourne to live with her aunt at the age of fourteen and then attended Camberwell Girls Grammar School. She has an elder half-sister, two younger brothers, and a younger half-brother from her father's side.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Her career began in 1998, when she was cast in a television commercial advertising lemon tea. She caught the attention of Stephen Chow after shooting the ad. Later, Cheung made her film debut as a young nightclub hostess in Stephen Chow's "King of Comedy" (1999). "King of Comedy" became the highest grossing local film of the year, and shot Cheung to fame in Hong Kong. She then starred in "Fly Me to Polaris" (1999), which earned her the award for Best Newcomer at the Hong Kong Film Awards. Cheung also sung the theme song for "Fly Me to Polaris", which gained attention among the masses for her singing ability. In the same year, Cheung launched her singing career with her first Cantopop album "Any Weather" (1999).


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung made inroads into the Korean market with "Failan" (2001) co-starring Choi Min-shik. The film earned her a nomination at the Grand Bell Awards for Best Actress. She then starred in the Chinese comedy film "The Lion Roars" (2002). Cheung impressed the audiences with her portrayal of the independent and spunky heroine, and won the Most Popular Actress award at the Chinese Film Media Awards.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung reunited with Derek Yee in the crime thriller "One Nite in Mongkok" (2004) where she played a prostitute who cross paths with an assassin (played by Daniel Wu). She was nominated for the Best Actress award at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the third time.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung was cast in her first television project, where she played the legendary singer Zhou Xuan in "The Wandering Songstress" (2008). She was reportedly paid 200,000 yuan per episode to film the drama.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung has earned 70 million HKD in 2014, ranking number nine in the top ten list of Hong Kong's highest (entertainment) celebrity incomes in 2014.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: In early 2021, Cheung joined the second season of Chinese reality series "Sisters Who Make Waves", a singing and dancing competition among 30 women with established entertainment careers.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung married fellow Hong Kong entertainer Nicholas Tse in a secret wedding ceremony in the Philippines in September 2006. She gave birth to their first son in August 2007 and their second son in May 2010.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: On 23 August 2011, the couple made a public announcement of an agreement to a divorce. They agreed to hold joint custody of their two sons.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: Cheung announced in a Weibo post from her studio that she had given birth to a third son on 18 November 2018, but the father of her son remains unknown.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: In March 2020, Cheung voiced her support for Xinjiang cotton after several international companies announced that they will no longer purchase cotton from the region due to concerns over Uyghur human rights.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: In June 2021, Cheung revealed on the Chinese variety show "Life Is Beautiful 2" to fellow actress and friend Sheren Tang that if she were to enter a new relationship, she would not make it public. On the same show, Cheung revealed she had moved to Shanghai for several months and plans to reside in the city long term due to more work opportunities and to send her children to better schools.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: In 1999, her triad member father, known as "Bearded Bravery" or "Bearded Yung", got into a misunderstanding with a rival gang. As a result, Cheung received rape and death threats against her, when she was still relatively new in the film industry.


title: Cecilia Cheung

text: In January and February 2008, many explicit photos were found online involving Cheung and Edison Chen. The scandal also involved Gillian Chung and Bobo Chan.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Mechagodzilla was conceived in 1974 as a more serious villain than its immediate two predecessors, Gigan and Megalon, whose films were considered creative disasters. According to Tomoyuki Tanaka, Mechagodzilla was inspired by both Mechani-Kong from the previous Toho film "King Kong Escapes" and the robot anime genre, which was popular at the time. Effects director Teruyoshi Nakano also felt that a mechanical monster was cheaper to construct than the mutated animals Godzilla had previously faced. As the resulting "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla" proved to be a greater critical success than previous 1970s "Godzilla" films, the character was revived in 1975's "Terror of Mechagodzilla". The film's screenplay was based on the winning entry of a story-writing competition won by Yukiko Takayama, who continued the darker tone of the previous film by adding the subplot of Mechagodzilla being cybernetically connected to a young woman. Mechagodzilla's design remained largely unchanged from its previous appearance, though it was made to look thinner and more angular, with a darker sheen and an MG2 insignia emblazoned on its upper arms. The film's original draft was going to have Mechagodzilla destroy Tokyo utterly, though the destruction was cut down for budgetary reasons.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Mechagodzilla was brought back in 1993's "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II", as the success of "Godzilla vs. Mothra" and the popularity of its main antagonist Mothra spurred Toho into reintroducing familiar characters rather than inventing new ones. Originally, the new Mechagodzilla was to be named "Berserk", and was envisioned as being a much more organic Godzilla-like creature which would later turn on its creators after becoming infected with a computer virus which makes it self-aware. Berserk would subsequently absorb more and more machinery, to the point of degenerating into a mass of metal and wires, though this concept was rejected early in pre-production. As Mechagodzilla was intended to be a military defense weapon rather than an alien construct, the character was redesigned as looking sleeker and smoother. It was portrayed by suit actor Wataru Fukuda, and consisted of multiple separate elements which were worn like plate armor. Special effects artist Koichi Kawakita originally envisioned Mechagodzilla being able to split into aerial and terrestrial units, though this idea was scrapped in favor of the character merging with the flying battleship Garuda. The film was promoted through the children's program "Adventure Godzilla-land", which portrayed Godzilla and Mechagodzilla as rival news anchors reporting on the events of the upcoming movie. Composer Akira Ifukube wrote a theme for Mechagodzilla incorporating a slow battle march with heavy percussion and pentatonic phrasing.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The decision to incorporate Mechagodzilla into the Millennium series was taken by producer Shōgo Tomiyama, who gave the general outline of what would become the story of "Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla" to "Godzilla vs. Megaguirus" director Masaaki Tezuka. Tezuka instructed his staff to research both cybernetics and DNA engineering in order to make the character scientifically plausible. Tezuka had initially wanted Mechagodzilla to be a much speedier robot than the one on film, envisioning it as becoming progressively more agile during its fight against Godzilla as the latter tore off its opponent's armaments. This incarnation of Mechagodzilla was deliberately shown being airlifted by carriers rather than flying directly into battle as the previous two incarnations had done, as Tezuka felt that it made little sense for Mechagodzilla to drain its energy in such a manner. Upon being asked why the Mechagodzilla suit wasn't painted with military camouflage colors, Tezuka answered that "Mechagodzilla doesn't need to hide." Tezuka had originally intended to have both Godzilla and Mechagodzilla die at the end of the film, but was forced to change this on the insistence of Toho managers, who felt that such an ending was too dark for a New Year movie release.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In the 2003 sequel "", creature designer Shinichi Wakasa used the same mold to create a redesigned Mechagodzilla, which was meant to look more weathered than its predecessor. According to production designer Shinki Nishikawa, several other changes were made to the Mechagodzilla design's head, chest and arms in order to make the character look less heroic and more machine-like. The robot's back unit was reduced in size and flipped upside down, and the head was made smaller. As the previous design's shoulder cannons were considered uneven and unsophisticated-looking because of their rectangular shape, special effects director Eiichi Asada made them more pentagonal. As the character was supposed to rely more on its forearm cannons than in the previous film, Nishikawa made them larger and more powerful looking.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: For "Godzilla vs. Kong", Mechagodzilla's design was inspired by the due to their "simplicity." Director Adam Wingard attempted to avoid the "complex" designs from the Michael Bay "Transformers" films. Writer Max Borenstein had originally written Mechagodzilla into "Godzilla: King of the Monsters". However, director Michael Dougherty scrapped the character during development.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Showa Mechagodzilla stands in height and weighs 40,000 metric tons. It is built from "space titanium", and is capable of launching missiles from its fingers, toes and knees, as well as firing Space Beams from its eyes and a Cross Attack Beam from its chest unit. It also possesses rocket boosters on its feet allowing it to fly. Its head can spin 360°, and can form a force field capable of repelling and shocking opponents. The upgraded model featured in "Terror of Mechagodzilla" included revolving missiles, and was no longer vulnerable to decapitation, as its main computer was housed in an external power source. Once Mechagodzilla's head was removed, the machine was able to continue to fight, possessing a Head Controller capable of firing a concentrated laser with the same strength as its regular beams.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Heisei Mechagodzilla stands in height, weighs 150,000 metric tons, and is powered by a nuclear reactor, deriving its energy from heavy hydrogen and helium-3 in pellet form. Its frame is coated in an armor made of synthetic diamond codenamed T-1, allowing the robot to resist and repel Godzilla's atomic breath, as well as absorb its power to energize its Plasma Grenade, an energy weapon housed in its abdomen. Additional armaments include Laser Cannons in its eyes, a Mega Buster ray fired from its mouth, jet propulsors on its back, missiles and shock anchors capable of piercing Godzilla's hide and electrocuting him. The model is later combined with the flying battleship Garuda, thus allowing it to hover and adding two additional Maser Cannons to its arsenal.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Kiryu, the Millennium Mechagodzilla, stands at in height, weighs 40,000 metric tons, and is piloted remotely from a control craft. The mecha can be remotely recharged from the ground using microwaves that are relayed through a power system on one of the command aircraft, and then beamed back down to the robot. Its armaments include a Twin Maser Cannon in its mouth, railguns on its hands, drill claws, a maser blade on its right hand, reactors in its feet to fly and two rocket launchers on its shoulders. Its most powerful and most energetically costly weapon is the Absolute Zero Cannon housed in its chest, which fires a beam capable of flash freezing enemies. In "", the Absolute Zero Cannon is replaced with a Triple Hyper Maser Cannon.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Anime Trilogy Mechagodzilla stands 50 meters in height, weighs 30,000 metric tons, and is powered by artificial intelligence and made from nanometal. In the novel: "Project Mechagodzilla", its arsenal includes Blade Launcher, Convergent Neutron Cannon, Flight, Hyper Lance, Thermal Energy Buffer Layer, and Tail Blow. When it forms Mechagodzilla city, the defenses include gun cannons, EMP Harpoons, and a force field to protect itself when fired upon.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In "Godzilla vs. Kong", Mechagodzilla towers over Godzilla, and is telepathically piloted through a cybernetic neural network developed from King Ghidorah's only surviving brain. Its weaponry includes a proton scream, missiles, jet boosters on its back, plasma punch, rotating buzzsaws in its fingers and drill pliers at the end of its tail.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla", Mechagodzilla is created as a weapon of destruction by the Black Hole Planet 3 Aliens, also known as the Simians, who intend to conquer Earth before their own homeworld gets destroyed by an expanding black hole. First appearing in a pseudo-flesh outer covering and masquerading as the real Godzilla, Mechagodzilla attacks Japan and overpowers Godzilla's ally Anguirus. Godzilla appears and destroys the pseudo-flesh disguise, forcing Mechagodzilla to reveal itself in full. Their initial battle results in a tie, as Godzilla is severely wounded and Mechagodzilla is forced back into the Simian's base for repair. Mechagodzilla is deployed again but is overpowered through the combined efforts of Godzilla and King Caesar. Godzilla ultimately defeats Mechagodzilla by decapitating it and blowing its body apart.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Simians return and rebuild Mechagodzilla in "Terror of Mechagodzilla". This time, it is further modified with living human brain cells and has its control circuitry integrated into the body of the human woman Katsura Mafune, who is a cyborg courtesy of the aliens, now being led by Mugal. Mechagodzilla is teamed up with the dinosaur Titanosaurus, who is controlled by Katsura's crazed father. Although Mechagodzilla survives another decapitation during a battle against Godzilla, it is once more defeated after Katsura commits suicide, destroying the robot's controls and freezing it long enough for Godzilla to use its atomic heat ray on Mechagodzilla's headless body, causing it to explode.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II", Mechagodzilla is built as an anti-Godzilla weapon by the United Nations Godzilla Countermeasures Center using 23rd-century technology reverse engineered from the remains of Mecha-King Ghidorah. Mechagodzilla overpowers Godzilla in Kyoto, but is rendered harmless by a voltage backsurge caused by Godzilla. Mechagodzilla is recovered and merged with the smaller airship Garuda to form . This combined mecha later fights both Fire Rodan and Godzilla. It proceeds to cripple Godzilla by destroying its secondary brain and mortally wounds Rodan. Rodan then sacrifices its energy to revive Godzilla, who then uses its new red spiral atomic breath to destroy the weakened Super-Mechagodzilla.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In "Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla", it is revealed that Mechagodzilla's remains were salvaged and used to construct Moguera.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Millennium incarnation is featured in two films: "Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla" and "" and is referenced as , derived from Kikai Ryu (Japanese for "machine dragon") or "Kōryū" (Japanese for steel dragon). When a second Godzilla appears in 1999, the Japanese military creates a Mechagodzilla codenamed Kiryu, built around the skeleton of the original Godzilla from 1954. During its first battle with Godzilla four years later in 2003, Kiryu's genetic memories of its 1954 incarnation are awakened, and it proceeds to attack Tokyo, free from the controls of its pilot until its power drains. During its second battle with Godzilla, Kiryu forces Godzilla to retreat after using its Absolute Zero Cannon.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In "", taking place one year later in 2004, Mothra's fairies warn Japan that Kiryu's creation is a violation of the natural order and that Mothra would gladly take the cyborg's place in protecting Japan, should Kiryu be dismantled. The ultimatum is declined, as Kiryu was built partially to defend against a second attack from Mothra herself. Godzilla eventually appears, prompting Mothra and Kiryu to cooperate. Kiryu momentarily is forced to fight Godzilla alone after Mothra is killed, but is later assisted by Mothra's larvae, who encase Godzilla in a cocoon, and Kiryu is given orders to terminate him. However, Kiryu's soul has awakened once again, and it instead grabs hold of Godzilla, flies out to sea, and submerges both Godzilla and itself in the depths of the ocean (though not before ejecting its human occupant to safety).


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Mechagodzilla appears briefly in "", the first film in the anime trilogy. The mecha is designed and constructed by Humans and Bilusaludo - the latter one of two alien races who made contact with humans in an attempt to rescue them - as a countermeasure against Godzilla. But the mech is never activated as Godzilla attacked the construction facility forcing them to abandon it. Though not seen again, the mech is referenced several other times throughout the film. In "", the second film in the trilogy, the remnants of Mechagodzilla's AI rebuild the facility it was created in by utilizing nanometal to help defeat Godzilla, aptly named "Mechagodzilla City". It also creates three battlesuits with flight capabilities called "Vultures".


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Haruo and his forces use the city as a base of operations to destroy Godzilla. When Mechagodzilla City begins assimilating its surroundings and living beings with its nanometal under the command of the Bilusaludo, and is predicted to assimilate the entire planet prompting Haruo to destroy its command center, giving Godzilla the opening to destroy it. In "", some nanometal survives within Yuko's body which Professor Martin extracts and applies to the last "Vulture" intending to rebuild civilization. Realizing this will only repeat the mistakes that prompted Godzilla's advent, endanger the Houtua and risk the return of Ghidorah, Harou takes Yuko and the last Vulture and flies all three towards Godzilla in a suicide charge to save the Houtua from mankind's mistakes.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Mechagodzilla was featured in the 2021 film "Godzilla vs. Kong". Secretly built by Apex Cybernetics as an anti-Titan weapon and modeled after Godzilla, it is remotely piloted by Ren Serizawa via a telepathic link originating from a skull of Ghidorah's left head (acquired after it was torn off by Godzilla in ""), though conventional energy sources prove insufficient to power it to full capacity.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: As Mechagodzilla is being built at a facility in Pensacola, Florida, Godzilla senses Ghidorah's presence whenever the mecha activates, which causes him to search for and eventually attack the facility. Due to the secrecy of the project, the public misinterprets this as Godzilla having gone rogue, resulting in Monarch and Apex taking Kong to the Hollow Earth in search of an energy source to confront Godzilla with; simultaneously, Apex covertly plans to use it to power Mechagodzilla, now housed within Victoria Peak. Godzilla and Kong clash en route to the Hollow Earth in the Tasman Sea, but ultimately the team finds and retrieves the power source, in the form of "Hollow Earth Energy".


title: Mechagodzilla

text: After Godzilla and Kong fight a second time in Hong Kong, Serizawa charges the mechanical Titan with the untested Hollow Earth's energies, upon pressure from Apex Cybernetics' CEO Walter Simmons. However, the process unexpectedly allows Ghidorah's mind to possess Mechagodzilla, who then kills both Simmons and Serizawa, goes on a rampage in the city, and faces Godzilla. Tired and wounded from his earlier battle with Kong, Godzilla is easily overwhelmed, and is nearly killed before Kong joins the battle. Kong's axe initially proves ineffective against Mechagodzilla, as its energy was depleted after battling Godzilla. As Mechagodzilla maintains the upper hand, Josh Valentine tampers with its control panel via alcohol spillage, stalling it long enough for Godzilla to supercharge Kong's axe with his atomic breath. Kong then uses his fully powered axe to dismember Mechagodzilla's limbs, and finishes it off by tearing off its head.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The various incarnations of Mechagodzilla have appeared in other media associated with the series, such as video games, television shows, and comics.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Shōwa Mechagodzilla appears in the video games "" for the Nintendo Entertainment System, "Godzilla" for the Game Boy, "Super Godzilla" for the Super NES (American release; replaces the Heisei version from the Super Famicom release, since the Heisei incarnation's film had yet to be released in America when the game was released), "" for TurboGrafx-16, "Godzilla Generations" for the Dreamcast (erroneously using his Heisei counterpart's sound effects) and "" for the Dreamcast and the Wii version of "".


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The Heisei Mechagodzilla appeared in the video games "Super Godzilla" (Japanese version, replaced by the Showa Mechagodzilla in the English release) and "", both for the Super NES, "" for Game Boy Advance, "" for Xbox and PlayStation 2, "" for Xbox and the Nintendo GameCube, and the Wii and PlayStation 2 versions of "".


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Kiryu first appeared in the Japanese version of "" on the Nintendo GameCube. Since the Millennium Mechagodzilla duology would take a few years to reach US stores, it was dropped from the American version of the game but did appear as an exclusive in the Xbox version. Kiryu was next playable in "" for the Xbox and the PlayStation 2 under the title "Mechagodzilla 3"; this would be Kiryu's first PS2 appearance in the United States. Kiryu also appears in both versions of "", for the first time under the name "Kiryu" as opposed to its names in the two previous games; "Millennium Mechagodzilla" and "Mechagodzilla 3".


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Like the other kaiju in the game, the backstories of all three Mechagodzilla incarnations are altered slightly, to fit the context of the game. The Heisei Mechagodzilla and Kiryu are man-made mecha created by the G.D.F. (Global Defense Force) faction to defend Earth from the Vortaak and their kaiju of the Aliens faction. The original Showa Mechagodzilla was salvaged and rebuilt by the Vortaak to be used in their kaiju force.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: In the PlayStation 4 version of "Godzilla", 4 incarnations of Mechagodzilla appear, the original Showa Mechagodzilla appears as both Mechagodzilla from "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla" and as Mechagodzilla 2 the rebuilt Mechagodzilla from "Terror of Mechagodzilla". The Heisei Mechagodzilla appears in its Super Mechagodzilla form, while Kiryu appears in its rebuilt design from "Tokyo S.O.S." In the PS4 version, all 4 Mechagodzilla are playable, the 2 versions of the Showa Mechagodzilla can be played in God of Destruction Mode via the Invade option (which allows the mode to be played using Kaiju other than the Heisei era Godzilla), while Super Mechagodzilla and Kiryu can be played via selecting Defend option (where the player defends humanity as friendly kaiju such as Mothra and various G-Force Mecha). In the PS3 version, only Mechagodzilla 1975, Super Mechagodzilla, and Kiryu appear as bosses and are not playable.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The thirteenth level of "City Shrouded in Shadow", a game where players, as civilians, must escape and survive kaiju attacks, mostly mirrors the first encounter between Godzilla and Kiryu in "Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla". The protagonists, tied up in the building by Yakuza thugs, witness Godzilla rampage through the game's setting, the fictional Ichi City, and Kiryu is eventually deployed in response. After a short battle where both shoot at each other, Godzilla roars at Kiryu and reminds the spirit within of his past as a Godzilla, causing him to be possessed & go berserk. As Godzilla leaves, Kiryu approaches and fires missiles at the building in which the player is inside. Once the player has reached safety or once 30 seconds have transpired, Kiryu marches through the building, cleaving it in half, heading off into the distance. The newspaper that displays the results after the level reveals that, after 30 minutes of rampaging, Kiryu has run out of power, allowing the government to retrieve the inactive mecha.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: While Mechagodzilla did not appear in "", a sequel to "Godzilla (1998)", the first Godzilla was reanimated as a cyborg called "Cyber-Godzilla" in the Monster Wars trilogy.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: A Showa inspired Mechagodzilla appears in the post-credits scene of the anime series "Godzilla Singular Point", though the lab's computer screens identify him as "Robogodzilla".


title: Mechagodzilla

text: Mechagodzilla appears in the 2018 science fiction action film "Ready Player One" where he is seen battling the Iron Giant and the RX-78-2 Gundam. This time, Mechagodzilla is remodeled and resembles the 1974 Shōwa version, the 2002 Kiryū, and the 2014 Legendary MonsterVerse Godzilla design.


title: Mechagodzilla

text: The character has generally been positively received. It was rated No. 15 of the 50 Best Movie Robots by "The Times", beating other such legends as C-3PO from "Star Wars", the T-1000 from "", and Optimus Prime from "Transformers". "Complex" listed the character as No. 6 on its "The 15 Most Badass Kaiju Monsters of All Time" list, while IGN listed it as No. 4 on their "Top 10 Japanese Movie Monsters" list.


title: Paraceratherium

text: Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of hornless rhinoceros. It is one of the largest terrestrial mammals that has existed and lived from the early to late Oligocene epoch (34–23 million years ago). The first fossils were discovered in what is now Pakistan, and remains have been found across Eurasia between China and the Balkans. It is classified as a member of the family Paraceratheriidae. "Paraceratherium" means "near the hornless beast", in reference to "Aceratherium", the genus in which the type species "P. bugtiense" was originally placed.


title: Paraceratherium

text: The exact size of "Paraceratherium" is unknown because of the incompleteness of the fossils. The shoulder height was about , and the length about . Its weight is estimated to have been about . The long neck supported a skull that was about long. It had large, tusk-like incisors and a nasal incision that suggests it had a prehensile upper lip or proboscis (trunk). The legs were long and pillar-like. The lifestyle of "Paraceratherium" may have been similar to that of modern large mammals such as the elephants and extant rhinoceroses. Because of its size, it would have had few predators and a slow rate of reproduction. It was a browser, eating mainly leaves, soft plants, and shrubs. It lived in habitats ranging from arid deserts with a few scattered trees to subtropical forests. The reasons for the animal's extinction are unknown, but various factors have been proposed.


title: Paraceratherium

text: The taxonomy of the genus and the species within has a long and complicated history. Other genera of Oligocene indricotheres, such as "Baluchitherium", "Indricotherium", and "Pristinotherium", have been named, but no complete specimens exist, making comparison and classification difficult. Most modern scientists consider these genera to be junior synonyms of "Paraceratherium", and it is thought to contain the following species; "P. bugtiense", "P. transouralicum", "P. huangheense", and "P. linxiaense". The most completely-known species is "P. transouralicum", so most reconstructions of the genus are based on it. Differences between "P. bugtiense" and "P. transouralicum" may be due to sexual dimorphism, which would make them the same species.


title: Paraceratherium

text: The taxonomic history of "Paraceratherium" is complex due to the fragmentary nature of the known fossils and because Western, Soviet, and Chinese scientists worked in isolation from each other for much of the 20th century and published research mainly in their respective languages. Scientists from different parts of the world tried to compare their finds to get a more complete picture of these animals, but were hindered by politics and wars. The opposing taxonomic tendencies of "lumping and splitting" have also contributed to the problem. Inaccurate geological dating previously led scientists to believe various geological formations that are now known to be contemporaneous were of different ages. Many genera were named on the basis of subtle differences in molar tooth characteristicsfeatures that vary within populations of other rhinoceros taxaand are therefore not accepted by most scientists for distinguishing species.


title: Paraceratherium

text: Early discoveries of indricotheres were made through various colonial links to Asia. The first known indricothere fossils were collected from Balochistan (in modern-day Pakistan) in 1846 by a soldier named Vickary, but these fragments were unidentifiable at the time. The first fossils now recognised as "Paraceratherium" were discovered by the British geologist Guy Ellcock Pilgrim in Balochistan in 1907–1908. His material consisted of an upper jaw, lower teeth, and the back of a jaw. The fossils were collected in the Chitarwata Formation of Dera Bugti, where Pilgrim had previously been exploring. In 1908, he used the fossils as basis for a new species of the extinct rhinoceros genus "Aceratherium"; "A. bugtiense". "Aceratherium" was by then a wastebasket taxon; it included several unrelated species of hornless rhinoceros, many of which have since been moved to other genera. Fossil incisors that Pilgrim had previously assigned to the unrelated genus "Bugtitherium" were later shown to belong to the new species.


title: Paraceratherium

text: In 1910, more partial fossils were discovered in Dera Bugti during an expedition by the British palaeontologist Clive Forster-Cooper. Based on these remains, Foster-Cooper moved "A. bugtiense" to the new genus "Paraceratherium", meaning "near the hornless beast", in reference to "Aceratherium". His rationale for this reclassification was the species' distinctly down-turned lower tusks. In 1913, Forster-Cooper named a new genus and species, "Thaumastotherium" ("wonderful beast") "osborni", based on larger fossils from the same excavations (some of which he had earlier suggested to belong to male "P. bugtiense"), but he renamed the genus "Baluchitherium" later that year because the former name was preoccupied, as it had already been used for a hemipteran insect. The fossils of "Baluchitherium" were so fragmentary that Foster-Cooper was only able to identify it as a kind of odd-toed ungulate, but he mentioned the possibility of confusion with "Paraceratherium". The American palaeontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, after which "B. osborni" was named, suggested it may have been a titanothere.


title: Paraceratherium

text: A Russian Academy of Sciences expedition later found fossils in the Aral Formation near the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan; it was the most complete indricothere skeleton known, but it lacked the skull. In 1916, based on these remains, Aleksei Alekseeivich Borissiak erected the genus "Indricotherium" named for a mythological monster, the "Indrik beast". He did not assign a species name, "I. asiaticum", until 1923, but the Russian palaeontologist Maria Pavlova had already named it "I. transouralicum" in 1922. Also in 1923, Borissiak created the subfamily Indricotheriinae to include the various related forms known by then.


title: Paraceratherium

text: In 1922, the American explorer Roy Chapman Andrews led a well-documented expedition to China and Mongolia sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History. Various indricothere remains were found in formations of the Mongolian Gobi Desert, including the legs of a specimen standing in an upright position, indicating that it had died while trapped in quicksand, as well as a very complete skull. These remains became the basis of "Baluchitherium grangeri", named by Osborn in 1923.


title: Paraceratherium

text: In 2017, a new species, "P. huangheense", was named by the Chinese palaeontologist Yong-Xiang Li and colleagues based on jaw elements from the Hanjiajing Formation in the Gansu Province of China; the name refers to the nearby Huanghe River. In 2021, the Chinese palaeontologist Tao Deng and colleague described the new species "P. linxiaense", based on a complete skull with an associated mandible and atlas bone from the Jiaozigou Formation of the Linxia Basin (to which the name refers) of northwestern China. A multitude of other species and genus namesmostly based on differences in size, snout shape, and front tooth arrangementhave been coined for various indricothere remains. Fossils attributable to "Paraceratherium" continue to be discovered across Eurasia, but the political situation in Pakistan had become too unstable for further excavations to occur there.


title: Paraceratherium

text: In 1922 Forster-Cooper named the new species "Metamynodon bugtiensis" based on a palate and other fragments from Dera Bugti, thought to belong to a giant member of that genus. These fossils are now thought to have belonged to an aberrant "Paraceratherium bugtiense" specimen that lacked the M3 molar. In 1936, the American palaeontologists Walter Granger and William K. Gregory proposed that Forster-Cooper's "Baluchitherium osborni" was likely a junior synonym (an invalid name for the same taxon) of "Paraceratherium bugtiense", because these specimens were collected at the same locality and were possibly part of the same morphologically variable species. The American palaeontologist William Diller Matthew and Forster-Cooper himself had expressed similar doubts few years earlier. Although it had already been declared a junior synonym, the genus name "Baluchitherium" remained popular in various media because of the publicity surrounding Osborn's "B. grangeri".


title: Paraceratherium

text: In 1989, the American palaeontologists Spencer G. Lucas and Jay C. Sobus published a revision of indricothere taxa, which is followed by most western scientists today. They concluded that "Paraceratherium", as the oldest name, was the only valid indricothere genus from the Oligocene, and contained four valid species, "P. bugtiense", "P. transouralicum" (originally in "Indricotherium"), "P. prohorovi" (originally in "Aralotherium"), and "P. orgosensis" (originally in "Dzungariotherium"). They considered most other names to be junior synonyms of those taxa, or as dubious names, based on remains too fragmentary to identify properly. By analysing alleged differences between named genera and species, Lucas and Sobus found that these most likely represented variation within populations, and that most features were indistinguishable between specimens, as had been pointed out in the 1930s. The fact that the single skull assigned to "P. transouralicum" or "Indricotherium" was domed, while others were flat at the top was attributed to sexual dimorphism; it is possible that "P. bugtiense" fossils represent the female, while "P. transouralicum" represents the male of the same species.