title: Common quail

text: The common quail was formally described by the swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Tetrao coturnix". The specific epithet "coturnix" is the Latin word for the common quail. This species is now placed in the genus "Coturnix" that was introduced in 1764 by the French naturalist François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault. The common quail was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Japanese quail ("Coturnix japonica"). The ranges of the two species meet in Mongolia and near Lake Baikal without apparent interbreeding and in captivity the offspring of crosses show reduced fertility. The Japanese quail is therefore now treated as a separate species.


title: Common quail

text: The common quail is a small compact gallinaceous bird in length with a wingspan of . The weight is . It is greatest before migration at the end of the breeding season. The female is generally slightly heavier than the male. It is streaked brown with a white eyestripe, and, in the male, a white chin. As befits its migratory nature, it has long wings, unlike the typically short-winged gamebirds. According to Online Etymology Dictionary, "small migratory game bird of the Old World, late 14c. (early 14c. as a surname, Quayle), from Old French "quaille" (Modern French "caille"), perhaps via Medieval Latin "quaccula" (source also of Provençal "calha", Italian "quaglia", Portuguese "calha", Old Spanish "coalla"), or directly from a Germanic source (compare Dutch "kwakkel", Old High German "quahtala", German "Wachtel", Old English "wihtel"), imitative of the bird's cry. Or the English word might have come up indigenously from Proto-Germanic."


title: Common quail

text: This is a terrestrial species, feeding on seeds and insects on the ground. It is notoriously difficult to see, keeping hidden in crops, and reluctant to fly, preferring to creep away instead. Even when flushed, it keeps low and soon drops back into cover. Often the only indication of its presence is the distinctive "wet-my-lips" repetitive song of the male. The call is uttered mostly in the mornings, evenings and sometimes at night. It is a strongly migratory bird, unlike most game birds.


title: Common quail

text: The common quail has been introduced onto the island of Mauritius on several occasions but has failed to establish itself and is now probably extinct.


title: Common quail

text: Males generally arrive in the breeding area before the females. In northern Europe laying begins from the middle of May, and with repeat laying can continue to the end of August. The female forms a shallow scrape in the ground in diameter which is sparsely lined with vegetation. The eggs are laid at 24-hour intervals to form a clutch of between 8 and 13 eggs. These have an off-white to creamy yellow background with dark brown spots or blotches. Their average dimensions are with a weight of . The eggs are incubated by the female alone beginning after all the eggs are laid. The eggs hatch synchronously after 17–20 days. The young are precocial and shortly after hatching leave the nest and can feed themselves. They are cared for by the female who broods them while they are small. The young fledge when around 19 days of age but stay in the family group for 30–50 days. They generally first breed when one year old and only have a single brood.


title: Common quail

text: The common quail is heavily hunted as game on passage through the Mediterranean area. Very large numbers are caught in nets along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. It is estimated that in 2012, during the autumn migration, 3.4 million birds were caught in northern Sinai and perhaps as many as 12.9 million in the whole of Egypt.


title: Common quail

text: This species over recent years has seen an increase in its propagation in the United States and Europe. However, most of this increase is with hobbyists. It is declining in parts of its range such as Ireland.


title: Common quail

text: In the Bible, the Book of Numbers chapter 11 describes a story of a huge mass of quails that were blown by a wind and were taken as meat by the Israelites in the wilderness.


title: Common quail

text: In 1537, Queen Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, then pregnant with the future King Edward VI, developed an insatiable craving for quail, and courtiers and diplomats abroad were ordered to find sufficient supplies for the Queen.


title: Common quail

text: If common quails have eaten certain plants, although which plant is still in debate, the meat from quail can be poisonous, with one in four who consume poisonous flesh becoming ill with coturnism, which is characterized by muscle soreness, and which may lead to kidney failure.


title: Westworld

text: Westworld is an American science fiction-thriller media franchise that began with the 1973 film "Westworld", written and directed by Michael Crichton. The film depicts a technologically advanced Wild-West-themed amusement park populated by androids that malfunction and begin killing the human visitors; it was followed by the sequel film "Futureworld" (1976). The franchise moved to television in 1980 with the short-lived series "Beyond Westworld" on CBS. In 2016 a new television series based on the original film debuted on HBO; the critically acclaimed series broadcast four full seasons before being cancelled.


title: Westworld

text: "Westworld" was the first theatrical feature novelist Michael Crichton directed, after one TV movie. It was also the first feature film to use digital image processing to pixellate photography in order to simulate an android's point of view. The film was nominated for Hugo, Nebula and Saturn awards. The film was well received by critics.


title: Westworld

text: The story is about amusement park robots that malfunction and begin killing visitors. It stars Yul Brynner as an android in a futuristic Western-themed amusement park, and Richard Benjamin and James Brolin as guests of the park.


title: Westworld

text: "Futureworld" is the sequel to the Michael Crichton film. The sequel stars Peter Fonda, Blythe Danner, Arthur Hill, Stuart Margolin, John Ryan, and Yul Brynner, who makes a cameo appearance in a dream sequence. Other than Brynner, none of the cast members from the original film appear, and original writer-director Crichton and original studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer were not involved.


title: Westworld

text: The story is set two years after the Westworld tragedy, with the Delos corporation having reopened the park. The story starts when newspaper reporter Chuck Browning (Peter Fonda) and TV reporter Tracy Ballard (Blythe Danner) are invited to review the park.


title: Westworld

text: "Beyond Westworld" was created by Michael Crichton which served as a continuation of the two feature films. The series stars Jim McMullan as Security Chief John Moore of the Delos Corporation. The story revolved around Moore having to stop the evil scientist Simon Quaid, as he plans to use the Delos robots to try to take over the world.


title: Westworld

text: It premiered on March 5, 1980, on the television network CBS in the United States. The show was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Makeup and Outstanding Art Direction For a Series. Only five episodes were produced, of which three aired before the series' cancellation due to poor ratings.


title: Westworld

text: "Westworld" is an American science fiction-thriller television series created by husband-wife duo Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy. Nolan serves as executive producer along with Joy, J. J. Abrams and Bryan Burk. The series takes place in fictional Westworld, a technologically advanced, Western-themed amusement park populated completely by synthetic androids dubbed "Hosts". Westworld caters to high-paying visitors dubbed "Newcomers" (also known as "Guests"), who can do whatever they wish within the park, without fear of retaliation from the Hosts.


title: Westworld

text: "Westworld" premiered on October 2, 2016, on the cable television channel HBO in the United States. The series has been well received. The series has also attained strong Nielsen ratings for HBO, with the U.S. series premiere attracting 1.96 million viewers. A second season began on April 22, 2018, and a third season on March 15, 2020. Season 4 debuted on June 26, 2022. In November 2022 it was announced that HBO had cancelled "Westworld".


title: Westworld

text: An action game based on the TV series, titled "Westworld Awakening", was released in 2019 for virtual reality headsets.


title: Devious Maids

text: Devious Maids is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry, produced by ABC Studios, and executive produced by Cherry, Sabrina Wind, Eva Longoria, Paul McGuigan, Larry Shuman, David Lonner, John Mass, Paul Presburger, and Michael Garcia. It is based on the Mexican series "Ellas son... la alegría del hogar". It originally aired on Lifetime for four seasons from June 23, 2013, to August 8, 2016.


title: Devious Maids

text: Set in Beverly Hills, California, "Devious Maids" followed the lives of four Latina maids working for the area's wealthiest and most powerful families. The series featured an ensemble cast led by Ana Ortiz as Marisol Suarez, Dania Ramirez as Rosie Falta, Roselyn Sánchez as Carmen Luna, and Judy Reyes as Zoila Diaz. While working for Beverly Hills' most glamorous and powerful citizens, the maids are exposed to and often a part of secrets, mysteries and crimes hidden behind their employers' wealthy facade as well as the closed doors of their homes. Edy Ganem, Susan Lucci, Rebecca Wisocky, Tom Irwin, Brianna Brown, Brett Cullen, Grant Show, Drew Van Acker, and Nathan Owens feature in supporting roles throughout the series.


title: Devious Maids

text: The series was originally in development to air on ABC, but was ultimately picked up by Lifetime. The first season was the subject of positive reviews from television critics. In September 2016, Lifetime announced that they were cancelling "Devious Maids" after four seasons, leaving the series to conclude on an unresolved cliffhanger. Despite online petitions from viewers who campaigned for the series to continue on another network or streaming service, it was confirmed that "Devious Maids" would not continue as options with the cast had expired.


title: Devious Maids

text: The first season premiered on June 23, 2013, and introduces the four central characters of the show: Marisol Duarte (Ana Ortiz), Rosie Falta (Dania Ramirez), Carmen Luna (Roselyn Sanchez) and Zoila Diaz (Judy Reyes), as well as their rich employers in the town of Beverly Hills. The main mystery of the season is the sudden murder of fellow maid Flora Hernandez (Paula Garces), and the involvement of her employers Evelyn (Rebecca Wisocky) and Adrian Powell (Tom Irwin) in the events leading up to it. Once an English professor, Marisol takes a job as Taylor (Brianna Brown) and Michael Stappord's (Brett Cullen) maid in order to get close to Flora's old friends and prove her son's (Eddie Hassell) innocence of the crime; Rosie works for actors Peri (Mariana Klaveno) and Spence Westmore (Grant Show), though eventually enters into an affair with the latter; Carmen takes a job for singer Alejandro Rubio (Matt Cedeño) in hopes of him making her a star while dodging the feelings of her co-worker, Sam (Wolé Parks); and Zoila tries to prevent her daughter Valentina (Edy Ganem) from being with her boss Genevieve Delatour's (Susan Lucci) son, Remi (Drew Van Acker).


title: Devious Maids

text: The second season premiered on April 20, 2014, and its central mystery is that of Marisol's new fiancé Nicholas Deering (Mark Deklin), his mysterious maid Opal (Joanna P. Adler), and a fifteen-year-old secret. While Marisol works to solve the mystery of her new lover, Rosie takes on a new lover as well - Reggie (Reggie Austin) - while working for his family, but works to expose him once learning he's embezzling his uncle's (Willie C. Carpenter) money. Carmen briefly acts as Alejandro's fiancé when word gets out that he's gay, but his sudden assassination leads to her taking a job working for Spence, who has lost both Peri and Rosie. Spence's nephew Ty (Gideon Glick) later comes for an extended visit and develops and unhealthy obsession for Carmen. Zoila finally gives Valentina her space, but only after her husband Pablo (Alex Fernandez) leaves her. She soon takes on new lover Javier (Ivan Hernandez), while Valentina goes to work for the Powells and takes on new lover Ethan (Colin Woodell), who secretly takes part in a gang of teens who go around robbing houses. Due to one of these robberies, Adrian is left shaken and hires bodyguard Tony Bishara (Dominic Adams) who Evelyn has an affair with. Meanwhile, Remi fights to win back Valentina, and his mother Genevieve learns that she's in need of a kidney transplant.


title: Devious Maids

text: The third season premiered on June 1, 2015, and its central mystery revolves around the return of the Stappords, what they're hiding, and if it relates to the respective deaths of tennis pro Louie Becker (Eddie Mills) and later maid Blanca Alvarez (Naya Rivera). Four months since Ty's drive-by shooting and Rosie wakes up from a coma, but she's unable to enjoy married life with Spence due to the return of her supposedly deceased husband, Ernesto (Cristián de la Fuente). She later goes to work as the Stappords' new maid and unveils what they're hiding with the help of Marisol, who in the meantime has become a best-selling author and decided to open a placement agency for maids, leading her to finding love in young male-maid Jesse Morgan (Nathan Owens). Carmen finds work at the Powells and briefly acts as Adrian's dominatrix, while also continuing her affair with married man Sebastien Dussault (Gilles Marini) whose wife (Michelle Hurd) she hopes can make her into a star. Zoila's relationship with Javier ends when she lies about him being the father of her unborn child, and her friendship with Genevieve falls apart due to her boss' new love, Dr. Neff (John O'Hurley). Meanwhile, a now engaged Valentina and Remi move to New York, and the Powells take in foster son, Deion (Issac Ryan Brown).


title: Devious Maids

text: The fourth and final season premiered on June 6, 2016, and its main mystery is the sudden murder of Peri Westmore, and the involvement of a cult known as "The Circle" in the events leading up to it. Rosie takes charge in the investigation when Spence is wrongly incarcerated for the crime while also working two jobs, one as Genevieve's new maid and the other as Peri and Spence's son's (Carter Birchwell) nanny when Peri's sister Shannon (Katherine LaNasa) gets custody of him. Zoila has permanently quit being Genevieve's maid following the loss of her child when in labor, but due to the absence of her new employer (Kate Beahan) she's able to masquerade as a Beverly Hills' socialite and land a new man - Kyle (Ryan McPartlin) - who has an extremely close bond with his mother (Stephanie Faracy), the secret leader of "The Circle". Marisol's book is in the process of being made into a movie which leads her into the arms of studio head Peter Hudson (James Denton), but continues to have lingering feelings for Jesse, who has a fling with Danni (Sol Rodríguez), Carmen's daughter that she gave away at birth and now is starting to build a relationship with. Meanwhile, Adrian goes to great lengths to try and win Evelyn back who's moved in with and began working for Marisol on her journey to getting a divorce.


title: Devious Maids

text: Following the show's cancellation, executive producer Curtis Kheel revealed the answers to the show's cliffhangers and where the characters would have gone.


title: Devious Maids

text: The plot is based on the Mexican TV series "Ellas son... la Alegría del Hogar", which translates in English as "They Are... the Joy of the Place" and was heavily influenced by Cherry's previous series "Desperate Housewives". The Mexican series is based on an original concept by Gloria Calzada, Juan Meyer, and Salvador Rizo. The American adaptation was to follow four maids with ambition and dreams of their own while they work for the rich and famous in Beverly Hills, California. ABC ordered the pilot on January 31, 2012. Actress Eva Longoria was announced as an executive producer on March 26. She had worked previously with Cherry on "Desperate Housewives", and was hired to add perspective to the Latina roles. ABC Studios gave Cherry permission to start making senior staffing offers for the show on May 1, which was perceived as an indication that the show would be picked up.


title: Devious Maids

text: On May 14, 2012, the pilot was not picked up by ABC for the 2012–13 United States network schedule. However, on June 22, 2012, Lifetime picked up the pilot with a thirteen-episode order. In May 2012, Roselyn Sánchez made a cameo appearance in the final episode of "Desperate Housewives", "Finishing the Hat", as her character Carmen Luna.


title: Devious Maids

text: After a series of constant cliffhangers and ongoing drama, the season 1 finale became its highest-rated episode, with 3 million viewers. Season 2, on the other hand, averaged 1.8 million total viewers per episode. The premiere episode of season 3 drew in 1.5 million viewers.


title: Devious Maids

text: Dania Ramirez was the first lead cast member to be cast, being announced on February 15. Ana Ortiz joined the cast as the central character on February 17. On February 23, both Sanchez and Judy Reyes were added to the cast. When Edy Ganem was announced in the cast on March 2 the show was still described as centering on the other four maids (Ortiz, Reyes, Sanchez, and Ramirez; Ortiz's character was later changed to a professor who posed as a maid).


title: Devious Maids

text: Rebecca Wisocky joined the cast on February 23. Most of the other supporting roles were filled in during March: Brianna Brown (March 6); Susan Lucci, Drew Van Acker and Brett Cullen (all March 9); Mariana Klaveno and Grant Show (both March 12); and Tom Irwin (March 16).


title: Devious Maids

text: After the pilot episode was picked to series by Lifetime, Wolé Parks was added to the cast in a regular role on November 21. Melinda Page Hamilton and Matt Cedeño were added to the cast in recurring roles with the promise of promotion if the show got picked up for a second season on November 26. Both were expected to appear in the pilot episode. Valerie Mahaffey also made cameo in pilot, and later had recurring role as Olivia Rice. Several actors from "Desperate Housewives" had roles in "Devious Maids". Richard Burgi, Andrea Parker, Jolie Jenkins, Patrika Darbo, Dakin Matthews, Liz Torres who previously appeared in "Desperate Housewives," have guest roles in this series.


title: Devious Maids

text: For the second season, four new series regular actors were added for the show. Wolé Parks and Brett Cullen did not return for the second season, while Brianna Brown made a guest-appearance. Mariana Klaveno was reduced to recurring status in the second season. Stage actress Joanna P. Adler was cast in main role of a new mystery maid, Opal, in December 2013. Newcomer Dominic Adams was cast as Tony, the bodyguard, and Colin Woodell was cast as his son, Ethan Sinclair. Mark Deklin joined the cast as Nicholas Deering, Marisol's new love interest. Tricia O'Kelley joined the cast in the recurring role of Tanya.


title: Devious Maids

text: For the third season, Gilles Marini was upped to series regular after appearing in the season two finale. Season one star Brianna Brown was announced to make her return to the series for its third season, as a series regular, with Brett Cullen also returning to play her husband. Valerie Mahaffey recurred as Olivia Rice for a few episodes. In February 2015, it was reported that "Glee" actress Naya Rivera had joined the season in the recurring role of Blanca; a maid to a seemingly ideal family, who learns of a life altering secret. Later that month, "Days of Our Lives" actor Nathan Owens was cast in the regular role of Jesse, a recently returned home military man. Cristián de la Fuente was also cast as a series regular in the role of Rosie's long-lost husband, Ernesto Falta, who had been believed to be dead. Actor Alec Mapa announced on a tweet in February his debut on the show in the recurring role of Jerry. In April 2015, it was reported the previous regulars Drew Van Acker and Edy Ganem (who had previously been one of the central characters, on the show) were demoted to recurring roles for the third season. They both appeared in the first two episodes of the season and then departed as their characters left for New York.


title: Devious Maids

text: For the fourth season, filming started January 14, 2016 and episode titles will be cleaning puns. Brianna Brown, Brett Cullen, and Gilles Marini will not return as series regulars. In January 2016, it was announced the executive producer Eva Longoria would guest star in season 4 while Longoria's former "Desperate Housewives" costar James Denton had been tapped for the recurring role of Peter. Ryan McPartlin will make a debut this season by playing Kyle who is a sweet, sexy — and, most importantly, filthy rich — newcomer who falls for one of the core maids. However, he has an unusually close relationship with his mother, Frances who is played by Stephanie Faracy. Also, Julie Claire who was recurring as Gail Fleming in Season 3 will return in Season 4. In early February, Carlos Ponce was announced to play Ben who is the manager of a famous movie star, but also a dangerous-yet-handsome thirty-something who specializes in manipulating people. He's also described as charming and mysterious. Carter Birchwell was assigned to play Spence and Peri's son Tucker. Katherine LaNasa will play Shannon Greene, Peri's older sister. In addition, Argentinian actress Sol Rodríguez would recur as Daniela while Nathan Owens has been promoted as a series regular.


title: Devious Maids

text: The pilot episode for ABC was filmed in Los Angeles. After Lifetime picked "Devious Maids" to series, filming moved to Atlanta, Georgia. The pilot episode was directed by Paul McGuigan.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: The Battles of the Isonzo (known as the Isonzo Front by historians, ) were a series of 12 battles between the Austro-Hungarian and Italian armies in World War I mostly on the territory of present-day Slovenia, and the remainder in Italy along the Isonzo River on the eastern sector of the Italian Front between June 1915 and November 1917.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: In April 1915, in the secret Treaty of London, Italy was promised by the Allies some of the territories of Austro-Hungarian Empire which were mainly inhabited by ethnic Slovenes and Austrian Germans.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Italian commander Luigi Cadorna, a staunch proponent of the frontal assault who claimed the Western Front proved the ineffectiveness of machine guns, initially planned breaking onto the Slovenian plateau, taking Ljubljana and threatening Vienna. The area between the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea and the sources of the Isonzo River thus became the scene of twelve successive battles.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: As a result, the Austro-Hungarians were forced to move some of their forces from the Eastern Front and a war in the mountains around the Isonzo River began.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: The sixty-mile long Soča River at the time ran entirely inside Austria-Hungary in parallel to the border with Italy, from the Vršič and Predil passes in the Julian Alps to the Adriatic Sea, widening dramatically a few kilometers north of Gorizia, thus opening a narrow corridor between Northern Italy and Central Europe, which goes through the Vipava Valley and the relatively low north-eastern edge of the Karst Plateau to Inner Carniola and Ljubljana. The corridor is also known as the "Ljubljana Gate".


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: By the autumn of 1915 one mile had been won by Italian troops, and by October 1917 a few Austro-Hungarian mountains and some square miles of land had changed hands several times. Italian troops did not reach the port of Trieste, the Italian General Luigi Cadorna's initial target, until after the Armistice.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: With the rest of the mountainous length of the Front being almost everywhere dominated by Austro-Hungarian forces, the Soča (Isonzo) was the only practical area for Italian military operations during the war. The Austro-Hungarians had fortified the mountains ahead of the Italians' entry into the war on 23 May 1915.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna judged that Italian gains (from Gorizia to Trieste) were most feasible at the coastal plain east of the lower end of the Soča (Isonzo). However he also believed that the Italian army could strike further north and bypass the mountains on either side of the river so as to come at the Austro-Hungarian forces from the rear.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Cadorna had not expected operations in the Isonzo sector to be easy. He was well aware that the river was prone to flooding—and indeed there were record rainfalls during 1914–1918.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Further, when attacking further north the Italian army was faced with something of a dilemma: in order to cross the Isonzo safely it needed to neutralise the Austro-Hungarian defenders on the mountains above, yet to neutralise these forces the Italian forces needed first to cross the river—an obstacle that the Italians never succeeded in overcoming.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: In the south (along the coastal zone) geographic peculiarities, including an array of ridges and valleys, also gave an advantage to the Austro-Hungarian defenders.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Despite the huge effort and resources poured into the continuing Isonzo struggle, the results were invariably disappointing and without real tactical merit, particularly given the geographical difficulties that were inherent in the campaign.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Cumulative casualties of the numerous battles of the Isonzo were enormous. Half of the entire Italian war death total—some 300,000 of 600,000—were suffered along the Soča (Isonzo). Austro-Hungarian losses, while by no means as numerous, were nevertheless high at around 200,000 (of an overall total of around 1.2 million casualties).


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: More than 30,000 casualties were ethnic Slovenes, the majority of them being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army, while Slovene civilian inhabitants from the Gorizia and Gradisca region also suffered in many thousands because they were resettled in refugee camps where Slovene refugees were treated as state enemies by Italians, and some thousands died of malnutrition in Italian refugee camps.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: With almost continuous combat in the area, the precise number of battles forming the Isonzo campaign is debatable. Some historians have assigned distinct names to a couple of the Isonzo struggles, most notably at Kobarid (Caporetto or Karfreit) in October 1917, which would otherwise form the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo.


title: Battles of the Isonzo

text: The fact that the battles were always named after the Isonzo River, even in Italy, was considered by some a propaganda success for Austria-Hungary: it highlighted the repeated Italian failure to breach this landmark frontier of the Empire.


title: Hair follicle

text: The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin. It resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different cell types, each with distinct functions. The hair follicle regulates hair growth via a complex interaction between hormones, neuropeptides, and immune cells. This complex interaction induces the hair follicle to produce different types of hair as seen on different parts of the body. For example, terminal hairs grow on the scalp and lanugo hairs are seen covering the bodies of fetuses in the uterus and in some newborn babies. The process of hair growth occurs in distinct sequential stages. The first stage is called "anagen" and is the active growth phase, "telogen" is the resting stage, "catagen" is the regression of the hair follicle phase, "exogen" is the active shedding of hair phase and lastly "kenogen" is the phase between the empty hair follicle and the growth of new hair.


title: Hair follicle

text: The function of hair in humans has long been a subject of interest and continues to be an important topic in society, developmental biology and medicine. Of all mammals, humans have the longest growth phase of scalp hair compared to hair growth on other parts of the body. For centuries, humans have ascribed esthetics to scalp hair styling and dressing and it is often used to communicate social or cultural norms in societies. In addition to its role in defining human appearance, scalp hair also provides protection from UV sun rays and is an insulator against extremes of hot and cold temperatures. Differences in the shape of the scalp hair follicle determine the observed ethnic differences in scalp hair appearance, length and texture.


title: Hair follicle

text: There are many human diseases in which abnormalities in hair appearance, texture or growth are early signs of local disease of the hair follicle or systemic illness. Well known diseases of the hair follicle include "alopecia" or hair loss, "hirsutism" or excess hair growth and "lupus erythematosus".


title: Hair follicle

text: The position and distribution of hair follicles changes over the body. For example, the skin of the palms and soles does not have hair follicles whereas skin of the scalp, forearms, legs and genitalia has abundant hair follicles. There are many structures that make up the hair follicle. Anatomically, the triad of hair follicle, sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle make up the pilosebaceous unit.


title: Hair follicle

text: Other structures associated with the hair follicle include the cup in which the follicle grows known as the infundibulum, the arrector pili muscles, the sebaceous glands, and the apocrine sweat glands. Hair follicle receptors sense the position of the hair.


title: Hair follicle

text: Attached to the follicle is a tiny bundle of muscle fiber called the "arrector pili". This muscle is responsible for causing the follicle lissis to become more perpendicular to the surface of the skin, and causing the follicle to protrude slightly above the surrounding skin (piloerection) and a pore encased with skin oil. This process results in goose bumps (or goose flesh).


title: Hair follicle

text: Also attached to the follicle is a sebaceous gland, which produces the oily or waxy substance sebum. The higher the density of the hair, the more sebaceous glands that are found.


title: Hair follicle

text: There are ethnic differences in several different hair characteristics. The differences in appearance and texture of hair are due to many factors: the position of the hair bulb relative to the hair follicle, size and shape of the dermal papilla, and the curvature of the hair follicle. The scalp hair follicle in Caucasians is elliptical in shape and, therefore, produces straight or wavy hair, whereas the scalp hair follicle of people of African descent is more curvy, resulting in the growth of tightly curled hair.


title: Hair follicle

text: A key aspect of hair loss with age is the aging of the hair follicle. Ordinarily, hair follicle renewal is maintained by the stem cells associated with each follicle. Aging of the hair follicle appears to be primed by a sustained cellular response to the DNA damage that accumulates in renewing stem cells during aging. This damage response involves the proteolysis of type XVII collagen by neutrophil elastase in response to the DNA damage in the hair follicle stem cells. Proteolysis of collagen leads to elimination of the damaged cells and then to terminal hair follicle miniaturization.


title: Hair follicle

text: Hair grows in cycles of various phases: anagen is the growth phase; catagen is the involuting or regressing phase; and telogen, the resting or quiescent phase (names derived using the Greek prefixes ana-, kata-, and telos- meaning up, down, and end respectively). Each phase has several morphologically and histologically distinguishable sub-phases. Prior to the start of cycling is a phase of follicular morphogenesis (formation of the follicle). There is also a shedding phase, or exogen, that is independent of anagen and telogen in which one or several hairs that might arise from a single follicle exits. Normally up to 90% of the hair follicles are in anagen phase, while 10–14% are in telogen and 1–2% in catagen. The cycle's length varies on different parts of the body. For eyebrows, the cycle is completed in around 4 months, while it takes the scalp 3–4 years to finish; this is the reason eyebrow hair have a much shorter length limit compared to hair on the head. Growth cycles are controlled by a chemical signal like epidermal growth factor. DLX3 is a crucial regulator of hair follicle differentiation and cycling.


title: Hair follicle

text: Anagen is the active growth phase of hair follicles during which the root of the hair is dividing rapidly, adding to the hair shaft. During this phase the hair grows about 1 cm every 28 days. A hair pulled out in this phase will typically have the root sheath attached to it which appears as a clear gel coating the first few mm of the hair from its base; this may be misidentified as the follicle, the root or the sebaceous gland by non-health care professionals. Scalp hair stays in this active phase of growth for 2–7 years; this period is genetically determined. At the end of the anagen phase an unknown signal causes the follicle to go into the catagen phase.


title: Hair follicle

text: The catagen phase is a short transition stage that occurs at the end of the anagen phase. It signals the end of the active growth of a hair. This phase lasts for about 2–3 weeks while the hair converts to a club hair. A club hair is formed during the catagen phase when the part of the hair follicle in contact with the lower portion of the hair becomes attached to the hair shaft. A bulb of keratin attaches to the bottom tip of the hair and keeps it in place while a new hair begins to grow below it. A hair pulled out in this phase will have the bulb of keratin attached to it which appears as a small white ball on the end of the hair. This process cuts the hair off from its blood supply and from the cells that produce new hair. When a club hair is completely formed, about a 2-week process, the hair follicle enters the telogen phase.


title: Hair follicle

text: The telogen phase is the resting phase of the hair follicle, about three months. When the body is subjected to extreme stress, as much as 70 percent of hair can prematurely enter the telogen phase and begin to fall, causing a noticeable loss of hair. This condition is called telogen effluvium. The club hair is the final product of a hair follicle in the telogen stage, and is a dead, fully keratinized hair. Fifty to one-hundred club hairs are shed daily from a normal scalp.


title: Hair follicle

text: There are many human diseases in which abnormalities in hair appearance, texture or growth are early signs of local disease of the hair follicle or systemic illness. Well known diseases of the hair follicle include "alopecia" or hair loss, "hirsutism" or excess hair growth, and "lupus erythematosus". Therefore, understanding the function of the normal hair follicle is fundamental to diagnosing and treating many dermatologic and systemic diseases with hair abnormalities. Studies of Witka et al 2020 has shown the role of microbiome in the biology, immunology and diseases of scalp hair follicle. Studies further shown that change in hair follicle microbiome result into scalp disease like; Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and dandruff, Folliculitis decalvans, Androgenetic alopecia, Scalp psoriasis and Alopecia areata.


title: Hair follicle

text: Hair follicles form the basis of the two primary methods of hair transplantation in hair restoration, Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) and follicular unit extraction (FUE). In each of these methods, naturally occurring groupings of one to four hairs, called follicular units, are extracted from the hair restoration patient and then surgically implanted in the balding area of the patient's scalp, known as the recipient area. These follicles are extracted from donor areas of the scalp, or other parts of the body, which are typically resistant to the miniaturization effects of the hormone DHT. It is this miniaturization of the hair shaft that is the primary predictive indicator of androgenetic alopecia, commonly referred to as male pattern baldness or male hair loss. When these DHT-resistant follicles are transplanted to the recipient area, they continue to grow hair in the normal hair cycle, thus providing the hair restoration patient with permanent, naturally-growing hair. More than 60% of men and 10% of women suffer from hair loss.


title: Hair follicle

text: While hair transplantation dates back to the 1950s, and plucked human hair follicle cell culture in vitro to the early 1980s, it was not until 1995 when hair transplantation using individual follicular units was introduced into medical literature.


title: Epimedium

text: Epimedium, also known as barrenwort, bishop's hat, fairy wings, horny goat weed, or yin yang huo (), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Berberidaceae. The majority of the species are endemic to China, with smaller numbers elsewhere in Asia, and a few in the Mediterranean region.


title: Epimedium

text: "Epimedium" species are deciduous or evergreen hardy perennials. The majority have four-parted "spider-like" flowers in spring.


title: Epimedium

text: The species used as a dietary supplement is "Epimedium grandiflorum". It contains icariin, which is a weak PDE5 inhibitor "in vitro". Its clinical effects are unknown. There is little clinical evidence, but it is thought to have erectogenic properties and is found in some men's sexual health supplements.


title: Epimedium

text: Species of "Epimedium" are herbaceous perennials, growing from an underground rhizome. Their growth habits are somewhat variable. Some have solitary stems, others have a "tufted" habit, with multiple stems growing close together. There may be several leaves to a stem or the leaves may be solitary, produced from the base of the plant. Individual leaves are generally compound, often with three leaflets, but also with more. Leaflets usually have spiny margins. The leaves may be annual, making the plant deciduous, or longer lasting, so that the plant is evergreen. The inflorescence is an open raceme or panicle, the number of flowers varying by species.


title: Epimedium

text: Individual flowers have parts in fours. There are four smaller outer sepals, usually greenish and shed when the flower opens. Moving inwards, these are followed by four larger petal-like inner sepals, often brightly coloured. Inside the sepals are four true petals. These may be small and flat, but often have a complex shape including a nectar-producing "spur" that may be longer than the sepals. There are four stamens.


title: Epimedium

text: One of the common names for the genus, bishop's hat, arises from the shape of the flowers, particularly where the spurs are longer than the sepals.


title: Epimedium

text: The genus was given its name by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, in describing the European species "E. alpinum". The name is a latinized version of a Greek name for an unidentifiable plant, "epimedion", that is mentioned in Pliny's "Natural History" (xxvii.57). The meaning of the original name is unclear.


title: Epimedium

text: Some varieties and hybrids have been in Western cultivation for the last 100 to 150 years. There is now a wide array of new Chinese species being cultivated in the West, many of which have only recently been discovered, and some of which have yet to be named. There are also many older Japanese hybrids and forms, extending the boundaries of the genus in cultivation. The majority of the Chinese species have not been fully tested for hardiness nor indeed for any other aspect of their culture. The initial assumption that the plants would only thrive where their native conditions could be closely replicated have proven to be overly cautious, as most varieties are proving extraordinarily amenable to general garden and container cultivation.


title: Epimedium

text: The cultivar 'Amber Queen' is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.


title: Epimedium

text: While they can be successfully propagated in early spring, epimediums are best divided in late summer, with the aim of promoting rapid re-growth of roots and shoots before the onset of winter. Several breeders (in particular Darrell Diano Probst, Tim Branney & Robin White) have also undertaken their own hybridization programmes with the genus. Various new nursery selections are gradually appearing in the horticulture trade, the best of which extend the colour and shape range of the flowers available to the gardener.


title: Epimedium

text: "Epimedium wushanense" contains a number of flavonoids. 37 compounds were characterized from the underground and aerial parts of the plant. Among them, 28 compounds were prenylflavonoids. The predominant flavonoid, epimedin C, ranged from 1.4 to 5.1% in aerial parts and 1.0 to 2.8% in underground parts.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Rhonda Fleming (born Marilyn Louis; August 10, 1923 – October 14, 2020) was an American film and television actress and singer. She acted in more than 40 films, mostly in the 1940s and 1950s, and became renowned as one of the most glamorous actresses of her day, nicknamed the "Queen of Technicolor" because she photographed so well in that medium.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming was born Marilyn Louis in Hollywood, California, to Harold Cheverton Louis, an insurance salesman, and Effie Graham, a stage actress who had appeared opposite Al Jolson in the musical "Dancing Around" at New York's Winter Garden Theatre from 1914 to 1915. Fleming's maternal grandfather was John C. Graham, an actor, theater owner, and newspaper editor in Utah.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: She began working as a film actress while attending Beverly Hills High School, from which she graduated in 1941. She was discovered by the well-known Hollywood agent Henry Willson, who changed her name to "Rhonda Fleming".


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: "It's so weird", Fleming said later. "He stopped me crossing the street. It kinda scared me a little bit – I was only 16 or 17. He signed me to a seven-year contract without a screen test. It was a Cinderella story, but those things could happen in those days."


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming's agent Willson went to work for David O. Selznick, who put her under contract. She had bit parts in "In Old Oklahoma" (1943), "Since You Went Away" (1944) for Selznick, and in "When Strangers Marry" (1944).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: She received her first substantial role in the thriller, "Spellbound" (1945), produced by Selznick and directed by Alfred Hitchcock. "Hitch told me I was going to play a nymphomaniac", Fleming said later. "I remember rushing home to look it up in the dictionary and being quite shocked." The film was a success and Selznick gave her another good role in the thriller "The Spiral Staircase" (1946), directed by Robert Siodmak.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Selznick lent her out to appear in supporting parts in the Randolph Scott Western "Abilene Town" (1946) at United Artists and the "film noir" classic "Out of the Past" (1947) with Robert Mitchum and Kirk Douglas, at RKO, where she played a harried secretary.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming's first leading role came in "Adventure Island" (1947), a low-budget action film made for Pine-Thomas Productions at Paramount Pictures in the two-color Cinecolor process and co-starring fellow Selznick contractee Rory Calhoun.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming then auditioned for the female lead in a Bing Crosby film, a part Deanna Durbin turned down at Paramount in "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court" (1949), a musical loosely based on the story by Mark Twain. Fleming exhibited her singing ability, dueting with Crosby on "Once and For Always" and soloing with "When Is Sometime". They recorded the songs for a three-disc, 78-rpm Decca album, conducted by Victor Young, who wrote the film's orchestral score. Her vocal coach in Hollywood, Harriet Lee, praised her "lovely voice", saying, "she could be a musical comedy queen". The movie was Fleming's first Technicolor film. Her fair complexion and flaming red hair photographed exceptionally well and she was nicknamed the "Queen of Technicolor", a moniker not worth much to her as she would have preferred to be known for her acting. Actress Maureen O'Hara expressed a similar sentiment when the same nickname was given to her around this time.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: She then played another leading role opposite a comedian, in this case Bob Hope, in "The Great Lover" (1949). It was a big hit and Fleming was established. "After that, I wasn't fortunate enough to get good directors", said Fleming. "I made the mistake of doing lesser films for good money. I was hot – they all wanted me – but I didn't have the guidance or background to judge for myself."


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming was lent to RKO to play a "femme fatale" opposite Dick Powell in "Cry Danger" (1951), a "film noir". Back at Paramount, she played the title role in a Western with Glenn Ford, "The Redhead and the Cowboy" (1951).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In 1950, she ended her association with Selznick after eight years, though her contract with him had another five years to run.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming signed a three-picture deal with Paramount. Pine-Thomas used her as Ronald Reagan's leading lady in a Western, "The Last Outpost" (1951), John Payne's leading lady in the adventure film "Crosswinds" (1951), and with Reagan again in "Hong Kong" (1951).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: She sang on NBC's "Colgate Comedy Hour" during the same live telecast that featured Errol Flynn, on September 30, 1951, from the El Capitan Theater in Hollywood.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming was top-billed for Sam Katzman's "The Golden Hawk" (1952) with Sterling Hayden, then was reunited with Reagan for "Tropic Zone" (1953) at Pine-Thomas. In 1953, Fleming portrayed Cleopatra in Katzman's "Serpent of the Nile" for Columbia. That same year, she filmed a western with Charlton Heston at Paramount, "Pony Express" (1953), and two films shot in three dimensions (3-D), "Inferno" with Robert Ryan at Fox, and the musical "Those Redheads From Seattle" with Gene Barry, for Pine-Thomas. The following year, she starred with Fernando Lamas in "Jivaro", her third 3-D release, at Pine-Thomas. She went to Universal for "Yankee Pasha" (1954) with Jeff Chandler. Fleming also traveled to Italy to play Semiramis in "Queen of Babylon" (1954).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Much of the location work for Fleming's 1955 Western "Tennessee's Partner", in which she played Duchess opposite John Payne as Tennessee and Ronald Reagan as Cowpoke, was filmed at the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, (known as the most heavily filmed outdoor location in the history of film and television). A distinctive monolithic sandstone feature behind which Fleming (as Duchess) hid during an action sequence, later became known as the Rhonda Fleming Rock. The rock is part of a section of the former movie ranch known as "Garden of the Gods", which has been preserved as public parkland.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming was reunited with Payne and fellow redhead Arlene Dahl in a "noir" at RKO, "Slightly Scarlet" (1956). She did other thrillers that year; "The Killer Is Loose" (1956) with Joseph Cotten and Fritz Lang's "While the City Sleeps" (1956), co-starring Dana Andrews, at RKO. Fleming was top billed in an adventure movie for Warwick Films, "Odongo" (1956).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming had the female lead in John Sturges's "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" (1957) co-starring Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas, a big hit. She supported Donald O'Connor in "The Buster Keaton Story" (1957) and Stewart Granger in "Gun Glory" (1957) at MGM.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In May 1957, Fleming launched a nightclub act at the Tropicana in Las Vegas. It was a tremendous success. "I just wanted to know if I could get out on that stage – if I could do it. And I did! ... My heart was to do more stage work, but I had a son, so I really couldn't, but that was in my heart."


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming was Guy Madison's co star in "Bullwhip" (1958) for Allied Artists, and supported Jean Simmons in "Home Before Dark" (1958), which she later called her favorite role ("It was a marvellous stretch", she said).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming was reunited with Bob Hope in "Alias Jesse James" (1959) and did an episode of "Wagon Train". She was in the Irwin Allen/Joseph M. Newman production of "The Big Circus" (1959), co-starring Victor Mature and Vincent Price. This was made for Allied Artists, whom Fleming later sued for unpaid profits.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming travelled to Italy again to make "The Revolt of the Slaves" (1959) and was second billed in "The Crowded Sky" (1960).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In 1960, she described herself as "semi-retired", having made money in real estate investments. That year she toured her nightclub act in Las Vegas and Palm Springs.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: During the 1950s, 1960s, and into the 1970s, Fleming frequently appeared on television with guest-starring roles on "The Red Skelton Show", "The Best of Broadway", "The Investigators", "Shower of Stars", "The Dick Powell Show", "Wagon Train", "Burke's Law", "The Virginian", "McMillan & Wife", "Police Woman", "Kung Fu", "Ellery Queen", and "The Love Boat".


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In 1958, Fleming again displayed her singing talent when she recorded her only LP, entitled simply "Rhonda" (reissued in 2008 on CD as "Rhonda Fleming Sings Just For You"). In this album, which was released by Columbia Records, she blended then-current songs like "Around The World" with standards such as "Love Me or Leave Me" and "I've Got You Under My Skin". Conductor-arranger Frank Comstock provided the musical direction.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: On March 4, 1962, Fleming appeared in one of the last segments of ABC's "Follow the Sun" in a role opposite Gary Lockwood. She played a Marine in the episode, "Marine of the Month".


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In December 1962, Fleming was cast as the glamorous Kitty Bolton in the episode, "Loss of Faith", on the syndicated anthology series, "Death Valley Days", hosted by Stanley Andrews. In the story line, Kitty pits Joe Phy (Jim Davis) and Peter Gabriel (Don Collier) to run against each other for sheriff of Pima County, Arizona. Violence results from the rivalry.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In the 1960s, Fleming branched out into other businesses and began performing regularly on stage and in Las Vegas.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: One of her final film appearances was in a bit-part as Edith von Secondburg in the comedy "The Nude Bomb" (1980) starring Don Adams. She also appeared in "Waiting for the Wind" (1990).


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2007, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to her.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming worked for several charities, especially in the field of cancer care, and served on the committees of many related organizations. In 1991, her fifth husband, Ted Mann, and she established the Rhonda Fleming Mann Clinic for Women's Comprehensive Care at the UCLA Medical Center.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: In 1964, Fleming spoke at the "Project Prayer" rally attended by 2,500 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. The gathering, which was hosted by Anthony Eisley, a star of ABC's "Hawaiian Eye" series, sought to flood the United States Congress with letters in support of mandatory school prayer, following two decisions in 1962 and 1963 of the United States Supreme Court, which struck down mandatory school prayer as conflicting with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Joining Fleming and Eisley at the rally were Walter Brennan, Lloyd Nolan, Dale Evans, Pat Boone, and Gloria Swanson. Fleming declared, "Project Prayer is hoping to clarify the First Amendment to the Constitution and reverse this present trend away from God." Eisley and Fleming added that John Wayne, Ronald Reagan, Roy Rogers, Mary Pickford, Jane Russell, Ginger Rogers, and Pat Buttram would also have attended the rally had their schedules not been in conflict.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Through her son Kent Lane (b. 1941), Rhonda also had two granddaughters (Kimberly and Kelly), four great-grandchildren (Wagner, Page, Lane, and Cole), and two great-great-grandchildren.


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: She was a Presbyterian However she may have embraced the Jewish faith of fifth husband, producer Ted Mann,


title: Rhonda Fleming

text: Fleming died on October 14, 2020, in Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, at the age of 97. She is interred at Hillside Memorial Park in Culver City, California.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Gregg Araki (born December 17, 1959) is an American filmmaker. He is noted for his heavy involvement with the New Queer Cinema movement. His film "Kaboom" (2010) was the first winner of the Cannes Film Festival Queer Palm.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki was born in Los Angeles on December 17, 1959, to Japanese American parents. He grew up in nearby Santa Barbara, California and enrolled in college at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He graduated with a B.A. from UCSB in 1982. He later attended the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts, where he graduated with a M.F.A. in 1985.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki made his directorial debut in 1987 with "Three Bewildered People in the Night". With a budget of only $5,000 and using a stationary camera, he told the story of a romance between a video artist, her sweet-heart, and her gay friend. Two years later, Araki followed up with "The Long Weekend (O' Despair)", another film with a $5,000 budget. His third film, "The Living End" (1992), saw an increase to $20,000. He had to shoot his early movies often spontaneously and lacking proper permits.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Despite the financial constraints, Araki's films received critical acclaim. He received awards from the Locarno International Film Festival and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, with an additional nomination for a Sundance Film Festival award.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki's next three movies—"Totally F***ed Up " (1993), "The Doom Generation " (1995), and "Nowhere" (1997)—were collectively dubbed the "Teenage Apocalypse" trilogy. The trio has been characterized as "... teen alienation, hazy sexuality and aggression." A former student of his at UC Santa Barbara, Andrea Sperling, co-produced the films with him.


title: Gregg Araki

text: The trilogy saw Araki work increasingly with more notable actors and actresses including Rose McGowan, Margaret Cho, Parker Posey, Guillermo Díaz, Ryan Phillippe, Heather Graham, and Mena Suvari among others.


title: Gregg Araki

text: The trilogy received varying degrees of reviews, from a thumbs down and "zero stars" by Roger Ebert to "Literally the Best Thing Ever" by "Rookie", and were eventually heralded as cult classics.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki's following film, "Splendor" (1999), was both an homage to screwball comedies of the 1940s and 1950s and a response to the controversy surrounding his ongoing relationship (despite Araki self-identifying as gay) with actress Kathleen Robertson. Hailed as the director's most optimistic film to date, it made its premiere at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki's next project was the ill-fated MTV production "This Is How the World Ends", which was originally planned with a budget of $1.5 million. He viewed it as a chance to reach the masses through MTV's viewership and signed on to do the project despite the budget being cut to $700,000. Araki wrote, directed, and shot the pilot episode, but ultimately MTV decided against the project and the effort never aired.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Following a short hiatus, Araki returned in 2004 with the critically acclaimed "Mysterious Skin", based on the 1995 Scott Heim novel of the same name. This marked the first time that Araki worked with someone else's source material.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki's next feature was the stoner comedy "Smiley Face" (2007), featuring Anna Faris, Adam Brody, and John Krasinski, written by Dylan Haggerty. It marked a stark change from the dark, heavy drama of "Mysterious Skin", a change purposely planned by Araki. It received very favorable reviews, with some describing it as another of Araki's potential cult classics.


title: Gregg Araki

text: "Kaboom" marked Araki's tenth film and made its premiere at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. It was awarded the first ever Queer Palm for its contribution to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues.


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki followed that film with "White Bird in a Blizzard" (2014), which was given limited release to mixed reviews. Araki returned to television with the 2019 series "Now Apocalypse", co-executive produced by Gregory Jacobs and Steven Soderbergh on Starz.


title: Gregg Araki

text: One consistent feature of Araki's work to date is the presence of music from the shoegazing genre as film soundtracks, first seen on "Totally Fucked Up" and heavily so on the films "Nowhere" and "Mysterious Skin". Both "The Living End" and "Nowhere" owe their titles to this shoegaze influence: "The Living End" after like-named The Jesus and Mary Chain song and "Nowhere" after Ride's album entitled "Nowhere".


title: Gregg Araki

text: In 2010, "Kaboom" was named the first ever winner of the Cannes Film Festival Queer Palm. Araki has also been honored with the 2006 Filmmaker on the Edge Award at the Provincetown International Film Festival. In 2013, Araki was recognized by the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City with the retrospective "God Help Me: Gregg Araki".


title: Gregg Araki

text: Araki has previously self-identified as "a gay Asian American". However, beginning in 1997 he had a relationship with actress Kathleen Robertson that ended in 1999. In a 2014 interview, Araki said that "[I] don’t really identify as anything", adding "[I] probably identify as gay at this point, but [I] have been with women".


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The 2020 NBA Bubble, also referred to as the Disney Bubble or the Orlando Bubble, was the bio-secure bubble at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando, that was created by the National Basketball Association (NBA) to protect its players from the COVID-19 pandemic during the final eight games of the 2019–20 regular season and throughout the 2020 NBA playoffs. 22 out of the 30 NBA teams were invited to participate (the other eight had been eliminated from playoff contention) with games being held behind closed doors at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex and the teams staying at Disney World hotels.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The bubble was a $190 million investment by the NBA to protect its 2019–20 season, which was initially suspended by the pandemic on March 11, 2020. The bubble recouped an estimated $1.5 billion in revenue. In June, the NBA approved the plan to resume the season at Disney World, inviting the 22 teams that were within six games of a playoff spot when the season was suspended. The plan initially received a mixed reaction from players and coaches.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: After playing three exhibition scrimmages inside the bubble in late July, the invited teams played eight additional regular season games to determine playoff seeding. The playoffs began on August 17, and the NBA Finals began on September 30. During the playoffs, there were additional delays to the season prompted by activism related to the shooting of Jacob Blake. The season ended on October 11 when the Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Miami Heat in six games. From the start of the resumed 2019–20 season until the end of the NBA Finals, the NBA ended with no recorded cases of COVID-19 for the teams participating in the bubble.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The NBA Bubble in some form or another has been made into a contingency plan for the NBA in future pandemics or major disease outbreaks, should they occur in the future.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: On March 11, 2020, the NBA announced the suspension of the 2019–20 season following Utah Jazz center Rudy Gobert testing positive for COVID-19 hours before the Jazz road game against the Oklahoma City Thunder. On June 4, the NBA Board of Governors approved 29–1 (with the lone dissenter being the Portland Trail Blazers) resuming the 2019–20 season in Orlando, Florida at Walt Disney World, after prior consideration of Las Vegas and Houston as potential spots. On June 5, the National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) approved negotiations with the NBA.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: On June 17, 2020, the NBA released a medical protocol to be used during the season restart in the bubble to ensure the health and safety of players, coaches, officials, and staff. This protocol included regular testing for COVID-19 prior to and throughout the season restart, wearing a face covering or mask, and physical distancing to prevent an outbreak of COVID-19 from occurring. Also, players and coaches deemed "high-risk individuals" by their team, or players who had already suffered season-ending injuries prior to season suspension, would not be permitted to play and would also not lose any salary. Any player medically cleared could also decline to participate but would lose their corresponding paychecks.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The protocol outlined six phases to ensure a smooth transition into the bubble and a successful end to the season:


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: With fans not being permitted to attend in person, the NBA installed screens on the courts to display multimedia content and a mosaic of virtual spectators powered by Microsoft Teams.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: On July 30, the season resumed as planned, with the Utah Jazz defeating the New Orleans Pelicans and the Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Los Angeles Clippers. The games were played across three Disney venues at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex: the HP Field House, the Visa Athletic Center and The AdventHealth Arena.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: A second bubble to be hosted in Chicago was briefly considered by the NBA for the eight teams not invited to the bubble so they would also have some sort of competitive play instead of merely sitting out the entire time from March 2020 to the start of the 2020–21 season in December, referred to as the "Delete Eight", but ultimately the plan fell through. Although it was reported that the eight teams would have an opportunity to join the NBA Bubble in Orlando following the playoffs, this also did not work out.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: On August 20, 2020, the NBA and NBPA announced an agreement where the eight teams could have voluntary group workouts at their respective practice facilities from September 4 to October 10.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The NBA produced a rule book of more than 100 pages to protect its players in an attempt to salvage the remainder of the season. Rules included isolation periods, testing requirements, and the potential for financial penalties. Any players subject to isolation periods when a game was scheduled had to forego participating in the game to complete their isolation. The NBA had a hotline allowing people to anonymously report players who broke the rules of the bubble, which players referred to as the "snitch hotline". Players always had to wear masks, with eating and exercise being exceptions. Additionally, staff working at these facilities had to wear masks and gloves at all times, though the staff were not required to quarantine.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: Players were not required to join the bubble, and at least ten players declined to join their teams. Nobody was allowed to have guests, and all food was prepared within the bubble. Only four players were cited for violating the rules of the bubble: Lou Williams, Richaun Holmes, Bruno Caboclo, and Danuel House.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: Players were allowed to use many of the Disney facilities, such as pools, golf courses, bicycles, gaming areas, barbers, bowling, ping pong, and spa services. RFID-enabled MagicBands, which are normally used at Walt Disney World for hotel keys and other admissions and personalization features at theme park attractions, were utilized as a check-in and contact tracing mechanism, and could be used to restrict access to practice facilities and courts if one had not completed a daily health monitoring review.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: National broadcaster ESPN, in partnership with the NBA and the league's other broadcaster Turner, set up a 100-plus camera infrastructure surrounding the three arenas being used at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex. The national broadcasts also had additional cameras to provide new angles, including a "rail cam" at the side of the court, and free-throw line cameras. ESPN and Turner production staff and some on-air hosts were present inside the "bubble". ESPN and Turner had many announcers, play-by-play, color, and other commentators physically present to call bubble games. For regional broadcasters, live feeds were fed to their respective studio for calling and broadcasting.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: While most ESPN and Turner announcers were in the bubble, 79-year-old Turner play-by-play commentator Marv Albert and 87-year-old ESPN color commentator Hubie Brown declined to participate citing their advanced ages as potential risks for severe illness from COVID-19.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The bubble proved to be extremely effective at preventing the spread of COVID-19. Leading up to the resumption of play on July 30, there were two consecutive weeks of zero players testing positive for COVID-19.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: This streak was continued after play resumed, with five consecutive weeks of zero players testing positive for COVID-19 as of August 19. Starting on August 31, players were allowed to pay for one guest room. Family or non family members with proof of a longstanding relationship with the player could stay in the room and quarantine upon arrival for one week.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: On October 11, the season concluded with zero cases of COVID-19 in the bubble for its entire duration.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The decision by the NBA to enact bubble play had initially received mixed reaction from its players and coaches, with some players referring to it as a prison sentence. Other players complained about the food, with Philadelphia 76ers center Joel Embiid showing his meal and said that he was "definitely losing 50 lbs", as a reference to fan gripe regarding his weight affecting his on-court performance. After arriving in the bubble, Orlando Magic forward Aaron Gordon said it felt "strange", while Utah Jazz guard Mike Conley Jr. described the feeling as "surreal". Near the end of the regular season, NBA Commissioner Adam Silver stated that the bubble was "better than what we had envisioned".


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: Miami Heat forward Jimmy Butler used the opportunity to start a coffee shop in the bubble, where he charged $20 per cup. Butler was also one of few players to make the decision not to allow his family to visit in the bubble, stating that his time in the bubble was a "business trip".


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: Several players, including Los Angeles Clippers forward Paul George, also commented on how being in the bubble affected their mental health.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: In addition to the three venues in the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex which were hosting games, three official Disney resorts were chosen to host the teams, with the teams being arranged based on their respective records prior to entering the bubble. Although teams competed in the same campus, bubble games maintained the home and away structure of a traditional NBA season. Game feeds had been augmented in real-time to insert graphics on the court's floor such as the "home" team's logo, their real venue's name, and advertising, similar to National Football League (NFL) broadcast's 1st & Ten line.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: There were 22 teams that were invited to the bubble: the 16 teams in playoff position and the six teams within six games of playoff position, with their seeding and overall records.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: Awards for play during the seeding games were also announced, with Damian Lillard named Player of the Seeding Games after averaging 37.6 points per game.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: With the George Floyd protests ongoing, the NBA, the NBPA, and the teams worked together to use the bubble as a platform for the Black Lives Matter movement. During warmups and while sitting on the bench, players wore T-shirts with large print and the text "Black Lives Matter". This phrase was also painted in large font on all official basketball courts being used for gameplay. Additionally, players were allowed the option to replace the names on the backs of their jerseys with a meaningful statement of their choice in support of the Black Lives Matter movement. The national anthem was pre-recorded in advance exclusively by African American artists. Jonathan Isaac was the first player to stand during the national anthem and to elect not to wear a Black Lives Matter warm-up shirt, citing religious reasons for his decision. Other players respected his decision, even if they disagreed with him. Miami Heat player Meyers Leonard also chose to stand with his hand over his heart. His reasoning came down to his support for the military. San Antonio Spurs coaches Gregg Popovich, an outspoken supporter of Black Lives Matter, and Becky Hammon also chose to stand for their own reasons. Sean Roberts, a Republican member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, threatened to pull tax breaks for the Oklahoma City Thunder if they kneeled. All of the players and coaches from both the Thunder and the opposing Utah Jazz kneeled anyway.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: In response to the shooting of Jacob Blake in Kenosha, Wisconsin, the Milwaukee Bucks boycotted Game 5 of their series against the Orlando Magic on August 26. Later that day, the NBA announced that in light of the Bucks' decision, all games for the day were postponed. The NBPA held a meeting to address the situation regarding the boycott, where the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers voted not to play the remainder of the season. Every other team, however, voted to continue playing. On August 27, the players agreed to continue the playoffs, but all games scheduled for that night were postponed as well. The playoffs were resumed on August 29, after the NBA and NBPA agreed on three commitments for social justice reform efforts, including opening up arenas as voting centers in the upcoming election.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: With the success of the 2020 NBA Bubble, the NBA decided to implement the same measures utilized there into the 2020–21 NBA G League season, dubbed as the "2021 G League Bubble" by media outlets like ESPN. In the G League Bubble setting, it was agreed that only 17 out of the 28 NBA G League's teams that were officially eligible for this season, as well as the newly created NBA G League Ignite (a farm team that was not initially planned to compete in the playoffs this season due to their status as a developmental team before later being allowed in for this season's playoffs due to the new format set up for their bubble setting), would compete throughout February and March 2021 in a truncated season at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex, similar to the NBA Bubble. However, their regular season gave each team 15 total games between February 10 and March 6, with no divisional or conference alignments at all during this season, before the eight best regular season teams competed in a single-elimination playoff from March 8 until the championship game on March 11. The single elimination tournament ended with the #6 seed Lakeland Magic (affiliate team of the Orlando Magic) winning the G League Championship by a final score of 97–78 over the #4 seed Delaware Blue Coats (affiliate team of the Philadelphia 76ers). Devin Cannady was given the NBA G League Finals Most Valuable Player Award after the championship game concluded that day.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: For the 2020–21 NBA season, the NBA hoped to prevent spread of the COVID-19 virus by having their teams limit the number of fans allowed to enter their stadiums to watch their games live, with a majority of them deciding to play behind closed doors as an extra precaution. However, throughout January 2021, the number of games suspended for the 2020–21 season dramatically increased from only one game in 2020 to 22 by the end of January. With the NBA creating more rules and regulations to combat even greater spread of the virus during that time, players and coaches also supported looking into a similar setting to their 2020 Bubble into the second half of their season in 2021. These discussions for a similar setting were kept in mind for that season in the event the rate of infection worsened later on in the season, even with greater COVID-19 vaccine usage for the general population in mind. However, the NBA encouraged players, coaches, and other team personnel to start getting their vaccine shots against the virus during the second half of the season.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: The NBA bubble became a contingency plan for the NBA in the event for a future pandemic or other major disease outbreaks.


title: 2020 NBA Bubble

text: On March 24 2021, HBO and Oh Dip!!! Productions released a documentary on HBO Max called "The Day Sports Stood Still". Around the start of the 2019–20 NBA season suspension, Chris Paul called movie producer Brian Grazer about the season's suspension, alongside every other major sports league that was set to play around this time, making for an interesting documentary. In addition to covering the season's suspension period and how it affected some of the players that had been involved with the COVID-19 pandemic earlier on, it also covered how the shooting of Breonna Taylor, and the murders of Ahmaud Arbery and George Floyd affected the NBA's planning for the 2020 NBA Bubble, the potential risks it could have held for the players and everyone else involved there, and how the shooting of Jacob Blake continued affecting the results of the bubble during the 2020 NBA playoffs.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story is a 1993 British-American animated adventure comedy film directed by Dick Zondag, Ralph Zondag, Phil Nibbelink, and Simon Wells from a screenplay by John Patrick Shanley. Based on the 1987 Hudson Talbott children's book of the same name, it tells the story of four dinosaurs who travel to the present day and become intelligent by eating a "Brain Grain" cereal invented by scientist Captain Neweyes. The film was produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblimation studio and features the voices of John Goodman, Felicity Kendal, Charles Fleischer, Walter Cronkite, Jay Leno, Julia Child, Kenneth Mars, Yeardley Smith, and Martin Short.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was released by Universal Pictures on November 24, 1993; it was marketed as the more family-friendly equivalent of Spielberg's "Jurassic Park", which was released the same year. The film became a box-office bomb, grossing only $9.3 million worldwide, and received mixed reviews from critics: while its animation and voice performances were praised, most criticisms targeted its story, pacing, and lack of character development.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: In present-day New York City, an Eastern bluebird named Buster runs away from his siblings and he meets an intelligent orange "Tyrannosaurus" named Rex, who is playing golf. He explains to Buster that he was once a ravaging dinosaur, and proceeds to tell his personal story.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: A scientist, Captain Neweyes, wants children of the present day to see real dinosaurs from the Mesozoic era. He and his alien assistant Vorb go back in time to collect dinosaurs, give them the cereal 'Brain Grain' to bestow them sentience, and send them to the present day. The dinosaurs Neweyes has collected include an orange "Tyrannosaurus rex" named Rex, a blue "Triceratops" named Woog, a purple "Pteranodon" named Elsa, and a green "Parasaurolophus" named Dweeb. Neweyes welcomes them aboard his ship, explains his plan to take them to Dr. Julia Bleeb, who will guide them to the Museum of Natural History, and warns them to avoid Professor Screweyes, his nefarious twin brother who causes mischief after having lost his left eye several years ago.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Neweyes drops the dinosaurs in the Hudson River in the year 1993 AD, but they are unable to meet up with Dr. Bleeb. They encounter two children willing to help them find the museum – a boy named Louie, who is running away to join the circus, and a girl named Cecilia. To avoid being noticed as real dinosaurs, they disguise themselves as animatronics in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. The illusion falls apart, however, when Rex accidentally deflates an "Apatosaurus" balloon after performing a musical number during the parade thus blowing their cover. The citizens panic and the dinosaurs flee to Central Park while being pursued by the police and the army.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Meanwhile, Louie and Cecilia meet Professor Screweyes, who is running the horror-themed "Eccentric Circus". Unaware of Screweyes' dark nature, the children sign a contract to perform in his troupe. When the dinosaurs arrive to save Louie and Cecilia, Screweyes devolves the children into chimpanzees using "Brain Drain", pills that are the polar opposite of Brain Grain. The dinosaurs consume the pills, which cause them to lose their intelligence and revert to their natural forms, in exchange for Screweyes restoring Louie and Cecilia to humans and releasing them. The next morning, a clown named Stubbs, who works for Professor Screweyes, informs the two kids about Screweyes' plan to exploit the dinosaurs for their scare potential.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: That night, Louie and Cecilia sneak into the circus, where the dinosaurs perform their terrifying act – Screweyes hypnotizing Rex – before the trick is hindered by a crow turning on flares. Rex grabs and prepares to eat Screweyes, but Louie steps in and talks the Tyrannosaurus out of his vengeance. His and Cecilia's impassioned pleas and loving touch restore the dinosaurs' sentience. Stubbs resigns from Professor Screweyes' employment, and Captain Neweyes arrives in his ship to lift the kids and the dinosaurs out of the circus, leaving Screweyes to be devoured by crows. The dinosaurs spend the rest of their lives in the museum, fulfilling Neweyes' plan, while Louie and Cecilia reconcile with their respective parents and become a couple.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Rex returns Buster to his family, ignoring his brothers' taunts while hugging his mom, and Rex tells him to remember his story before leaving for the museum.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Hanna-Barbera was the first company to contact Hudson Talbott about obtaining rights to his 1987 book "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story", and the encounter occurred only months after its release; Universal Pictures then paid off Hanna-Barbera and purchased the rights for Spielberg to produce the film through his studio Amblimation. John Musker and Ron Clements were also interested in adapting the book for Walt Disney Feature Animation, as a potential project after "The Little Mermaid", but were informed that Universal and Spielberg had already purchased the rights. Musker envisioned their version "like "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", but a 7-year old Snow White and with dinosaurs instead of the dwarfs."


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Although Talbott had little involvement, he encountered the creators of the film many times during production, including Spielberg who would make several calls to the author from Los Angeles and had a personal meeting with him when he first arrived in London. "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was directed by Simon Wells, Phil Nibbelink, and the brothers Dick and Ralph Zondag. Nibbelink was the most involved with the project out of the four directors, Wells only co-directed during the writing process before he was assigned to direct "Balto" shortly after. All of the directors frequently rotated in and out between projects in Amblimation, with "We're Back!", "Balto" and development on a failed animated adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical "Cats" happening at the same time.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Storyboarding of "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" began in 1990 during the production of "". The source material was only 20 pages and lacked any antagonist or sense of a plot, making it difficult to convert to a full-length feature. The first screenplay draft was written by Flint Dille and Wells and was not well-received by Spielberg. John Patrick Shanley, writer of "Moonstruck", had worked with Spielberg on "Joe Versus the Volcano". Spielberg hired Shanley to write another draft, which was done quickly and was the script ultimately used. Shanley made the previous draft darker, which Spielberg liked but Nibbelink disagreed with. Talbott was often skeptical about how the book was being adapted, so Nibbelink instructed the author to have a positive mindset. Talbott felt Shanley's script had none of the book's tongue-in-cheek humor. Near the end of production, $1 million worth of alterations were made following a poor test screening at Universal, including the addition of the Macy's parade scene; the scene features a song originally written for the film by James Horner and Thomas Dolby, "Roll Back the Rock", which Little Richard also sings in the end credits. "We're Back" was also the first animated film not produced by Disney to fully use digital ink-and-paint technology to complete the animation, while additional animation was provided by Character Builders, Inc. and Lightbox Animation.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Director Phil Nibbelink voiced the characters in animatics, which involved successful imitations of notable figures like Walter Cronkite and Julia Child; Spielberg, enjoying Nibbelink's voicing, cast the people that were impersonated in the animatics. John Goodman started recording his voices shortly after having his wisdom teeth removed, and healed his face between takes. "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was not Wells' first encounter with Felicity Kendal, as he previously asked to work with her on a student project that she declined. Originally John Malkovich recorded the voice of Screweyes, but Spielberg thought his performance was too frightening. Christopher Lloyd then recorded for the character but Spielberg rejected it too; the producer went with Kenneth Mars for his pliability with voicing the character. The voice actors and Nibbelink found Shanley's dialogue a bit unnatural, so they changed a few lines while recording; however, this was not approved by Shanley, so recordings of his original dialogue were in the final film.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was meant to capitalize on a craze of dinosaurs in popular culture known as the dinosaur renaissance, which started in the 1960s. The mania included an explosion of dinosaur content in film and television, including television cartoons like "Cadillacs and Dinosaurs" and "Extreme Dinosaurs", with many more produced that were attributed to the release and success of Steven Spielberg's "Jurassic Park". "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was released the same year as "Jurassic Park", and was marketed as the more family-friendly Spielberg-made dinosaur film; the tagline in promotional materials was "A dinosaur adventure for the whole family". Fiction in the dinosaur renaissance presented the creatures in a more friendly and upfront manner; "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story", for example, depicts dinosaurs in an American suburb doing activities like playing golf.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was heavily advertised and promoted with merchandise and fast food tie-ins. A balloon of Rex floated at the real-life 1993 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, which deflated after coming into contact with a traffic light. Hi-Tech Expressions also published platform video games based on the film for the Sega Genesis. Game Boy and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). In the Genesis and SNES games, the player plays as Cecilia and Louie helping the dinosaurs get to the museum; while the Game Boy game, a reskinned version of the existing game "Baby T-Rex", involves the dinosaur Rex as a playable character rescuing the other three dinosaurs captured by Screweyes.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" was released to American theaters on November 24, 1993. It was released on March 15, 1994 on home video. Each copy included pockets of reusable stickers and coupons for Universal Theme Parks and products from Nestle, The Hertz Corporation, and First Alert.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: In the United States, "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" opened during the Thanksgiving holiday with other new entries including "Mrs. Doubtfire", "A Perfect World" and a film adaptation of "George Balanchine's The Nutcracker". It grossed $4.6 million on its opening week, well below expectations. Its opening weekend at the time was attributed to snow storms and weather patterns across the country and had also affected the rest of the film box office that weekend. In its second weekend, "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" grossed $1.5 million, a 60% decline. Its run ended with a total gross of $9.3 million, with journalists quickly evaluating its run as a commercial flop. Journalists called the commercial performance of the film an indicator of how difficult it was to compete with Walt Disney Feature Animation, as from a commercial perspective at the time most of Disney's animated features were commercial successes while other animated films released within those years had performed either disappointingly or outright bombed. Steven Hulett of the union Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists argued the low performances of these films, including "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story", resulted to a lack of focus on plot in a story-driven medium like animation.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" garnered generally mixed reviews from professional critics. As of September 2021, "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" has an approval rating of based on professional reviews on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: An extremely favorable review from "Cashbox" magazine called it "delightful fun" for children and adults with "warmth, eye-catching visuals and a few chills"; while Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times", in his one-star review, thought it wouldn't compete well in the animated film industry due to its "routine" animation and "shallow and kind of dumb" writing. As a critic for "The Baltimore Sun" summarized his problems with the film, there were "terrific ideas" blurred by "lacking in wit, emotion, memorable music and, most importantly, magic"; and the voice actors are "shackled with insipid dialogue and few opportunities to shine". Some journalists, including Ebert, found the film more like a television cartoon for kids than an actual feature. Coverage included unfavorable comparisons to other Spielberg-produced animations, such as series like "Tiny Toon Adventures" (1990–1992) and "Animaniacs" (1993–1998) and films such as "The Land Before Time" (1988), which also featured dinosaurs. Critics also attacked an easter egg as shameless self-promotion for Spielberg, where a poster of "Jurassic Park" is seen on a theater building during the parade scene.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Several reviews found the story convoluted, Robert W. Butler calling it "complicated and superficial". Butler and "Asbury Park Press" writer Eleanor O'Sullivan found the flashback framing device pointless and obnoxious; while the "Ottawa Citizen"s Laura Robin reported inconsistencies, such as with Rex's weight where a light raft holds him yet a bigger dock doesn't. "Variety" Daniel M. Kimmel found the villain and his motivations not only convoluted but also ableist, as the film attributes his malevolence to his loss of an eye. Jane Horwitz and Janet Maslin noted other iffy moments, such as the police chase, drugging of dinosaurs, the scary circus scenes, and Screweyes' death. The film was considered cliched, preachy, and unoriginal, such as by Pamella Bruce of the "Austin Chronicle"; she described it as a rip-off of "The Jungle Book" (1967) that stole elements of the works of Tim Burton and Alfred Hitchcock. Even a favorable review from the "Hartford Courant"s Roger Catlin found recycled aspects of the child characters, particularly Cecilia's "poor little rich girl" lifestyle, Louie's Bowery Boys-esque wise-guy attitude, and him running away to join the circus. Reviewers also felt the writing lacked humor and imagination, "Pensacola News Journal"s Marshall Fine claiming the dialogue was more stuffed than witty.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: The fast pacing was also targeted. Some critics argued it caused elements of the writing, particularly its characters, to not fully develop. Robin wrote Vorb, Stubbs, and Dr. Juliet Bleeb were nothing more than cameos for celebrity voice actors, while Charles Soloman of the "Los Angeles Times" noted many motivations and feelings of the dinosaurs being unknown, specifically with their relationship with Louie and Cecilia and their sacrificing of intelligence, and argued these unclarities made it difficult to be emotionally invested into them. David Elliot argued the pace didn't allowed for relaxation or moments to be fully emotional, and Soloman similarly opined that it made scenes like the flight through Manhattan far less enjoyable.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: The animation was generally acclaimed, a frequently-noted aspect being its mixture of traditional and computer animation. 3D backgrounds, such as those of Manhattan during the flight sequence, were a common highlight, Butler also noting the design of NewEyes' spaceship. Catlin praised the characters as "agreeable and fast-moving", and eagerly noted "all sorts of show-offy animation details such as smoke and shadows". However, the visuals also garnered some lukewarm reactions and were considered inferior to "Jurassic Park" and the works of Disney. Horwitz felt it "lacks the gorgeous background detail" and "heart-tugging romance" of Disney films. Some critics also panned the non-differentiable designs of the kids.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Multiple reviews positively commented on the voice cast. Some found Cronkite's voice acting one of the film's most hilarious moments. Kimmel called Goodman and Short the top actors, stated Mars and Smith were "handling their chores", and found it amusing Cronkite and Child were voicing animated characters. Robin enjoyed the characters, particularly finding Rex and Captain NewEyes "inspired." Critics also highlighted the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade scene, particularly the dinosaurs' performance of "Roll Back the Rock", Kimmel calling it the film's best scene.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: For his work on "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story", supervising sound editor Alexander Campbell Askew was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing for an Animated Feature at the Motion Picture Sound Editors' Golden Reel Awards.


title: We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)

text: Mixed opinions continued in retrospective coverage. "Seventeen", in 2017, listed it as one of the 18 best-animated films to view on Netflix; and "Country Living", in 2019, included it in a list of the 15 best kid-friendly dinosaur films. On the other hand, "The A.V. Club" placed it in its 2015 list of the 14 worst dinosaur media; and "Paste", that same year, ranked the dinosaur characters the ninth-worst in popular culture, calling them the "silliest, most annoying of the animated dinosaurs". "The A.V. Club" also ranked Screweyes' devouring by the crows the 19th most terrifying moment in children's entertainment. "/Film"s Dalin Rowell felt that, despite its poor character animation and bizarre writing, the incorporation of a horror circus and real dinosaurs dancing on city streets would fascinate children's minds, and the character of Rex would appeal to young audiences looking for a supportive and very fun friend. Common Sense Media's Renee Schonfeld called it "clever enough, visually appealing enough, and brisk enough to make it satisfying". He praised the "engaging" child protagonists, voice acting, and parade scene, although felt it suffered from an "often tangled, overloaded story" with too many characters.


Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers is the 35th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series "Survivor". This season featured 18 new players divided into three tribes based on a dominant perceived trait: "Heroes" (courage), "Healers" (compassion), and "Hustlers" (tenacity). The season premiered on September 27, 2017, and ended on December 20, 2017, when Ben Driebergen was named the winner over Chrissy Hofbeck and Ryan Ulrich in a 5–2–1 vote.


title: Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers

text: This season featured several alterations to the rules. This season marked a return to the tiebreaker format used before the previous season, "", where a tied vote at Tribal Council was followed by a second ballot before being declared "deadlocked". The format of the penultimate Tribal Council, with four players remaining, was changed; in lieu of a vote, the winner of the final immunity challenge was to assign additional immunity to another castaway, with the remaining two competing in a fire-making challenge to determine the third finalist. This was the fourth season of the show filmed in Fiji (tied with Nicaragua, the Philippines and Samoa), following "", "", and "".


text: The cast is composed of 18 new players, initially split into three tribes containing six members each; Levu ("Heroes"), Soko ("Healers"), and Yawa ("Hustlers"). Notable contestants include former beauty queen Desiree "Desi" Williams, Olympian Katrina Radke and football player Alan Ball.


text: The 18 players were initially divided into three tribes: Levu (Heroes), Soko (Healers) and Yawa (Hustlers). During the marooning, Ryan from the Hustlers tribe found a Super Immunity Idol that was only valid at the first Tribal Council. As his tribe won immunity, he was able to send the Idol to a member of the losing Heroes tribe; he chose Chrissy. Ryan and Chrissy both became dominant players on their tribes, forming strong alliances with Devon and Ben, respectively. The Healers tribe went undefeated, while the Heroes lost one member and the Hustlers lost two.


text: When the tribes were switched, Ryan and Chrissy aligned on the new Soko tribe, working to eliminate Healers and their allies, including Ryan's former Hustlers tribemate Ali. At the merge, Ryan and Chrissy brought their former Heroes and Hustlers tribemates together against the Healers. Ryan and Chrissy's allies eventually turned on them, with Ben acting as a double agent to hinder their plans, but Ben's new alliance also betrayed him for being a threat to win the game. However, he managed to successfully play three consecutive hidden immunity idols to reach the final four along with Chrissy, Ryan and Devon.


text: When Chrissy won the final immunity challenge, she had to grant one castaway additional immunity, which would force the remaining two to compete against each other in a fire-making challenge to determine the third finalist. She chose to save Ryan. Ben defeated Devon in the firemaking challenge to join Chrissy and Ryan in the finals. At the Final Tribal Council, Ben was praised for finding multiple hidden immunity idols and making it to the end despite being a massive target while Chrissy was commended for dominating in immunity challenges, but both were criticized for their lack of social connections, while Ryan was criticized for his lack of strategic conversations and work ethic. Ultimately, Ben was awarded the title of Sole Survivor over Chrissy and Ryan in a 5–2–1 vote.


text: The September 27 premiere episode, titled "I'm Not Crazy, I'm Confident" saw a significant boost in viewership over March's "" with 8.33 million people tuning in, compared to the show's all-time low of 7.64 earlier in the year. However, the premiere of the show's 35th season was unable to match ""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s premiere viewership from fall 2016. That said, the series once again ranked first in its time-slot (by a significant margin) and once again tied with ABC's "The Goldbergs" for the critical 18-49 demographic, with both placing behind Fox's "Empire".