title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: He later gave money quarterly to psychiatrist Paul Singer, another enthusiastic collector of Chinese works, who did not have funds but whose taste Sackler trusted. The one string attached to the gift was that upon Singer's death, his collection would be given to a Sackler gallery. In 1997, while cataloguing the collection for acquisition, the Smithsonian museum staff determined that 160 documented objects were missing from Dr. Singer’s residence at the time of his death. Most of the lost collection has not been recovered to this day.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: In the early 1940s he joined medical advertising agency William Douglas McAdams Inc., where he remained active until his death. Sackler transformed the agency with sales techniques hitherto unknown to pharmaceutical manufacturers. A Harvard University historian wrote in 2019 that the Sacklers did not invent direct sales to physicians but they were a pioneering influence. Arthur Sackler marketed in publications targeting physicians directly which increased the pace at which doctors learned about medicines and brought them to market, but did not ever participate in sales force canvassing and detailing, a technique now under tremendous scrutiny.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: With Sackler's help, the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, previously a chemical manufacturer, began its business in prescription drugs. In 1950, Pfizer had 8 salesmen and expanded that force to 2000 in 1957. Between 1950 and 1956, with Sackler's guidance, Pfizer competed in the new antibiotic marketplace with Terramycin.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Through direct marketing to physicians during the 1960s, he popularized dozens of medicines including Betadine, Senaflax, Librium, and Valium. He became a publisher and started a weekly medical newspaper in 1960, the "Medical Tribune", which eventually reached six hundred thousand physicians (by some reports his audience was a million physicians in 20 countries). Sackler's marketing of Valium in journals like "Medical Tribune" helped to make it the first drug to generate $100 million in sales, and by 1971, Librium and Valium earned 2 billion for his client, Hoffmann-La Roche. As a result of his success, many other drug companies began marketing their drugs in a similar fashion.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Professor Evan Gerstmann wrote in "Forbes", "Of course, fraudulent marketing is very wrong indeed. But it is an absurd inversion of logic to say that because Arthur Sackler pioneered direct marketing to physicians, he is responsible for the fraudulent misuse of that technique."


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Sackler had somewhat unusual overlapping businesses and developed silent partnerships with the L. W. Frolich ad agency and MD Publications owned by his friends.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: In 1958, Sackler established the Laboratories for Therapeutic Research. He was director of the facility until 1983. Sackler also served as chairman of the board of Medical Press, Inc. and president of Physicians News Service, Inc., as well as the Medical Radio and TV Institute, Inc. He served on the board of trustees of New York Medical College where he also held a position as a research professor of psychiatry.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: In 1981, Sackler served as vice-chairman of the first international conference on nutrition held in Tianjin, China. He joined the board of directors of "Scientific American" in 1985. In 1985, Linus Pauling dedicated his book "How to Live Longer and Feel Better" to him. In 1997, Arthur was posthumously inducted into the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Sackler built and contributed to many scientific institutions, throughout the 1970s and 1980s. His notable contributions included:


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Sackler donated drawings and paintings by the Italian architect and engraver Giovanni Battista Piranesi to Avery Library at Columbia University in the early 1970s.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: He founded galleries at the Metropolitan Museum of Art where the Sackler Wing houses the Temple of Dendur, and Princeton University, the Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology. In 1987, the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, D.C. was opened months after his death, with a gift of $4 million and 1,000 original artworks. Sackler's collection that was donated to the Smithsonian was considered the largest personal collection of ancient Chinese art in the world according to Wen Fong of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Following his death, The Jillian and Arthur M. Sackler Wing of Galleries was opened at the Royal Academy of Arts, and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology opened at Peking University in 1993.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: The Sackler family name, including Arthur Sackler, saw increased scrutiny in the late 2010s over the family's association with OxyContin. David Crow, writing in the "Financial Times", described the family name as "tainted" ("cf." Tainted donors).


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: In March 2019, the National Portrait Gallery and the Tate galleries announced that they would not accept further donations from the Sackler family. This came after the American photographer Nan Goldin threatened to withdraw a planned retrospective of her work in the National Portrait Gallery if the gallery accepted a £1 million donation from a Sackler fund. In June 2019, NYU Langone Medical Center announced they will no longer be accepting donations from any Sacklers, and have since changed the name of the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences to the Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Later in 2019, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, each announced they will not accept future donations from any Sacklers that were involved in Purdue Pharma.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: According to "The New York Times", the Louvre in Paris was the first major museum to "erase its public association" with the Sackler family name. On July 16, 2019, the museum had removed the plaque at the gallery entrance about Sacklers’ donations made to the museum. Throughout the gallery, grey tape covered signs such as Sackler Wing, including signage for the Louvre's Persian and Levantine artifacts collection, which was removed on July 8 or 9. Signage for the collection had identified it as the Sackler Wing of Oriental Antiquities since 1997.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: On December 9, 2021 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, along with the Sackler family, announced the removal of the Sackler family name from seven named galleries, including the wing that houses the iconic Temple of Dendur.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: The family's philanthropy has been characterized as "reputation laundering" from profits acquired from the selling of opiates.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Sackler was married three times. His first wife was Else Finnich Jorgensen from Denmark; they married in 1934, had two children, and divorced. His second wife was Marietta Lutze (1919–2019), co-owner of DR. KADE Pharmazeutische Fabrik GmbH; whom he married in 1949. They had two children and divorced after 25 years of marriage. His last wife until his death was Jillian Lesley Tully who directs philanthropic projects in his name through the Dame Jillian Sackler and Arthur M. Sackler Foundation for the Arts, Sciences and Humanities. Sackler had four children, Carol Master and Elizabeth Sackler from his first marriage, and Arthur F. Sackler and Denise Marika from the second.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: He lived on Fifth Avenue in New York. At nearly 70 years old, he maintained a full-time work schedule, starting work at 8:30 A.M. seven days a week, traveling to Boston and Washington, DC, to conduct scholarship, to work on science, and to collect art. Sackler died of a heart ailment at Presbyterian Hospital in New York City on May 26, 1987.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Sackler received honorary doctorates from Clark University, Hahnemann University, Tufts University, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was awarded the Egyptian Order of Merit. He and his wife Jillian endowed the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia which are held at the National Academy of Sciences.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: In 1952, Sackler arranged financing for his brothers to purchase the Purdue-Frederick Company. Purdue came to sell practical over-the-counter products like the antiseptic Betadine, the laxative Senokot, and earwax remover Cerumenex. The company also sold MS Contin, or morphine with time-release properties, for which the patent was to expire in the late 1980s. Following Arthur's death in 1987, his option on one third of that company was sold by his estate to his brothers Mortimer and Raymond, who owned the separate company named Purdue Pharma and used Purdue-Frederick as a holding company.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Eight years after Arthur's death, Purdue began selling OxyContin, about 1.5 times the strength of morphine, under the direction of his brothers. That company pleaded guilty in 2007 and was fined 640 million for misbranding OxyContin. Critics of the Sackler family and Purdue contend that the same marketing techniques used when Arthur consulted to pharmaceutical companies selling non-opioid medications were later abused in the marketing of OxyContin by his brothers and his nephew, Richard Sackler, contributing to the opioid epidemic. According to a quote in "The Guardian", “This is essentially a crime family … drug dealers in nice suits and dresses.”


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Senator Estes Kefauver's subcommittee examined the pharmaceutical industry in 1959. He felt that Arthur Sackler possessed an "integrated" empire of drug discovery and manufacture, drug marketing and advertising, and medical publications explicitly for promoting drug sales. He stopped investigating Sackler in mid-1960. He sponsored the Kefauver Harris Amendment which improved FDA drug oversight in 1962.


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Barry Meier wrote in his book "Pain Killer" that Sackler, "helped pioneer some of the most controversial and troubling practices in medicine: the showering of favors on doctors, the lavish spending on consultants and experts ready to back a drugmaker’s claims, the funding of supposedly independent commercial interest groups, the creation of publications to serve as industry mouthpieces, and the outright exploitation of scientific research for marketing purposes."


title: Arthur M. Sackler

text: Psychiatrist Allen Frances told "The New Yorker" in 2017, “Most of the questionable practices that propelled the pharmaceutical industry into the scourge it is today can be attributed to Arthur Sackler.” Patrick Radden Keefe, author of the 2017 "The New Yorker" article later expanded his work into a full-length book "Empire of Pain". The book was released in 2021 and was highly critical of the Sackler family, including Arthur Sackler's efforts to hide his numerous conflicts of interest while amassing his fortune.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Monta Ellis ( ; born October 26, 1985) is a former American professional basketball player. Ellis attended Lanier High School in Jackson, Mississippi, where he was a McDonald's All-American and first-team "Parade" All-American. He entered the NBA directly out of high school, being drafted with the 40th overall pick by the Golden State Warriors in the 2005 NBA draft. In 2007, he was named the NBA Most Improved Player. During his time with the Warriors, Ellis was one of the best scorers in the league, averaging close to 25 points per game on two occasions. After six and a half seasons with Golden State, he was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in March 2012. A season and a half with the Bucks was followed by two seasons with the Dallas Mavericks and two seasons with the Indiana Pacers.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis attended Lanier High School in Jackson, Mississippi. As a senior in 2004–05, Ellis led Lanier to its second state crown in four years, averaging 38.4 points, 7.9 rebounds, 6.9 assists and 4.5 steals per game for a team that finished 35–2 and No. 3 in the FAB 50 national rankings. During his senior season, Ellis scored 65 points against Greenwood. The schools met again later that season, where Ellis had 72 points, a mark tied for second on the all-time state charts. He also had 46 points against Oak Hill Academy. For his efforts, Ellis was named 2005 EA SPORTS National Player of the Year and "Parade" co-Player of the Year with Greg Oden. Ellis led Lanier to a 129–16 record in his four seasons as a starter, winning the 4A state championship in both 2002 (33–5) and 2005 and runner-up finishes in 2003 (31–4) and 2004 (30–5). He finished ranked second in state history with 4,167 points, good for 28.7 points per game.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis originally committed to Mississippi State University, but later decided to enter the NBA draft.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis was selected with the 40th overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. He appeared in 46 games as a rookie and made three starts, with all three coming over the last four games of the season. He averaged 6.8 points, 2.1 rebounds and 1.6 assists in 18.1 minutes per game. In the Warriors' season finale on April 19, 2006, Ellis scored a season-high 27 points as Golden State lost 105–102 to the Utah Jazz.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis averaged 16.5 points, 4.1 assists, 3.2 rebounds and 1.7 steals in 2006–07, helping the Warriors return to the playoffs after a 12-year absence. Ellis increased his scoring by 9.7 points from his rookie season, the largest increase in the NBA. Starting 53 of the 77 games he appeared in, Ellis reached double figures in scoring 68 times, including 24 games of 20 or more points. He scored a season-high 31 points three times, twice in November and once in March. On February 24, Ellis recorded a career-high 13 assists against the Los Angeles Clippers. He recorded three or more steals 20 times and had at least five steals three times, including a career-high six against the Seattle SuperSonics on March 17, 2007. He was subsequently named the NBA Most Improved Player. In May, he helped the Warriors defeat the Dallas Mavericks in six games in the first round of the playoffs, becoming the first No. 8 seed to capture a best-of-seven playoff series. The Warriors went on to lose in five games to the Utah Jazz in the second round.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis averaged a career-high 20.2 points, 5.0 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 1.53 steals in 37.9 minutes in 81 games during the 2007–08 season. He ranked 14th in the NBA in field goal percentage (.531, 3rd among all guards), 15th in steals and 25th in scoring. He became only the ninth guard in NBA history to shoot 60% from the floor for an entire month in February (.602). He scored a career-high 39 points on January 24 against the New Jersey Nets and scored 30-plus points on 12 occasions overall.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On July 24, 2008, Ellis re-signed with the Warriors to a six-year, $66 million contract. However, in August, he was sidelined for three-plus months after suffering a Grade 3 high ankle sprain, a torn deltoid ligament and a syndesmosis disruption of his left ankle that required surgery. The injuries occurred in a motorized scooter accident, but his mistake was compounded by telling the Warriors he hurt himself playing pickup ball in his native Mississippi, only coming clean about the accident several days later. As a result, he was suspended by the Warriors for 30 games without pay—the approximate number of games he was expected to miss with the injury anyway.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis made his season debut on January 23, 2009, scoring 20 points in a 106–105 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. On March 11 against the New Jersey Nets, Ellis returned to the line-up after missing seven games to attend to a family emergency. On April 1, he scored a career-high 42 points to go with nine rebounds and nine assists in a 143–141 overtime win over the Sacramento Kings. After jamming his left ankle late in overtime, Ellis missed the final seven games of the season to finish with a total of 57 missed games in 2008–09. In 25 games, he averaged 19.0 points, 4.3 rebounds, 3.7 assists and 1.6 steals per game.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On November 25, 2009, Ellis scored 42 points in a 118–104 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. On November 30, he scored a career-high 45 points in a 126–107 win over the Indiana Pacers. On February 3, he set a new career high with 46 points in a 110–101 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. Between late February and early March, Ellis missed six straight games with a back injury. Then between late March and early April, he missed seven straight games with the flu. Ellis solidified himself as one of the top guards in the NBA and in the process emerged as the team's true leader. His career-best 25.5 points per game was second among Western Conference guards and sixth overall in the NBA and he also ranked among the NBA leaders in steals (2nd, 2.23 spg) and minutes played (1st, 41.4 mpg).


title: Monta Ellis

text: In the Warriors' season opener on October 27, 2010, Ellis matched his career high with 46 points in a 132–128 win over the Houston Rockets, setting the third-best total by a Warriors player in a season opener. Only Wilt Chamberlain, who had 48 points in 1961 and 56 points in 1962, had more. On December 27, he was named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, December 20, through Sunday, December 26. On March 4, 2011, he scored 28 of his 41 points in the second half of the Warriors' 107–103 loss to the Boston Celtics. The 2010–11 season saw Ellis and Stephen Curry become one of the most lethal duos in the NBA. For the season, he ranked eighth in scoring (24.1 ppg), first in minutes (40.3 mpg) and third in steals (2.10 spg). Many around the league thought that Ellis was deserving of being an All-Star.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On February 7, he scored a career-high 48 points in a 119–116 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On March 12, he was named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, March 5, through Sunday, March 11. It was his second career player of the week honor.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On March 13, 2012, Ellis was traded, along with Kwame Brown and Ekpe Udoh, to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Andrew Bogut and Stephen Jackson. His debut for the Bucks came on March 16 against the Warriors in Oakland at Oracle Arena, where he recorded 18 points, four rebounds and four assists in a 120–98 win. His best performance for the Bucks in 2011–12 came on April 11, when he recorded 35 points, 10 assists, six rebounds and four steals in a 111–107 loss to the New York Knicks.


title: Monta Ellis

text: The 2012–13 season saw Ellis start in all 82 games for the Bucks. On December 22, he scored 37 points against the Cleveland Cavaliers. On December 31, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, December 24, through Sunday, December 30. On March 4, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, February 25, through Sunday, March 3. On March 17, he scored a season-high 39 points against the Orlando Magic. On April 12, Ellis led Milwaukee with 27 points and a career-high 17 assists in a 109–104 loss to the Atlanta Hawks. On April 15, he scored 38 points against the Denver Nuggets. In his first playoff appearance since 2007 with Golden State, the Bucks were swept by the Miami Heat in the first round. Ellis averaged 19.2 points in 2012–13 but had the lowest 3-point shooting percentage among eligible players at 28.7 percent.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On July 23, 2013, Ellis signed a three-year, $25 million contract with the Dallas Mavericks. He joined the Mavericks with questions about his efficiency on offense. The 2013–14 season saw Ellis start in all 82 games for the Mavericks. In his debut for the Mavericks on October 30, 2013, Ellis scored 32 points in a 118–109 season-opening win over the Atlanta Hawks. He was 11 of 17 from the field and had eight assists. On November 20, he scored a season-high 37 points in a 123–120 win over the Houston Rockets. On April 12, 2014, he matched his season high with 37 points in a 101–98 win over the Phoenix Suns. He was subsequently named Western Conference Player of the Week for the final week of the season. The eighth-seeded Mavericks pushed their first-round playoff series against the San Antonio Spurs to seven games, but ultimately lost 4–3. Over the seven games, Ellis averaged 20.4 points per game.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On December 2, 2014, Ellis scored 38 points in a 132–129 double-overtime win over the Chicago Bulls. On December 20, Ellis equaled his season high with 38 points, including 11 during the final four minutes, as the Mavericks rallied late to beat the Spurs 99–93. On March 24, 2015, he matched his season high with 38 points in a 101–94 win over the Spurs. For the regular season, Ellis averaged 18.9 points to become the first player other than Dirk Nowitzki to lead the Mavericks in scoring since 1999–2000. In the Mavericks' five-game first-round playoff series loss to the Rockets, Ellis averaged 26.0 points per game, including scoring a playoff career-high 34 points in a 130–128 loss in game three and 31 points in a 121–109 win in game four.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On June 24, 2015, Ellis decided not to pick up the option for the final year of his contract with the Mavericks, thus becoming a free agent. He underwent surgery on his right knee before the start of free agency, with the procedure described as "minor".


title: Monta Ellis

text: On July 14, 2015, Ellis signed a four-year, $44 million contract with the Indiana Pacers. He appeared in 81 games in 2015–16, all as a starter, sitting out only the regular-season finale ahead of the playoffs. On January 10, 2016, he had a season-high 13 assists in a 107–103 overtime loss to the Houston Rockets. On January 30, Ellis scored a season-high 32 points and had nine rebounds to lead the Pacers to a 109–105 overtime win over the Denver Nuggets. He finished the regular season averaging 13.8 points on 43 percent shooting, including 31 percent from the 3-point line. Turnover prone, he averaged 2.5 turnovers during the regular season and 2.4 during the playoffs.


title: Monta Ellis

text: In the Pacers' season opener on October 26, 2016, Ellis recorded 19 points, seven rebounds, seven assists and three steals in a 130–121 overtime win over the Dallas Mavericks. He failed to surpass that scoring mark for the rest of the season, scoring 19 points twice in November and again in March. On December 10, he injured his groin in the first half of the Pacers' comeback win over the Portland Trail Blazers. He subsequently missed the next eight games with a strained right groin. Upon returning from injury, he lost his starting spot to Glenn Robinson III. In 74 games, he made 33 starts and averaged 8.5 points, 2.8 rebounds, 3.2 assists and 1.1 steals in 27.0 minutes per game.


title: Monta Ellis

text: On July 6, 2017, Ellis was waived by the Pacers. He was paid by the Pacers through the 2021–2022 season.


title: Monta Ellis

text: Ellis is the son of Marcella Singleton and Rosa Ellis. Older brother Antwain Ellis was his basketball hero growing up. Ellis and his wife, Juanika, have two children. Ellis is a sneakerhead and an avid fisherman.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Maqbool Fida Husain (17 September 1915 – 9 June 2011) was an Indian artist known for executing bold, vibrantly coloured narrative paintings in a modified Cubist style. He was one of the most celebrated and internationally recognised Indian artists of the 20th century. He was one of the founding members of Bombay Progressive Artists' Group.


title: M. F. Husain

text: M.F. Husain is associated with Indian modernism in the 1940s. His early association with the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group used modern technique, and was inspired by the "new" India after the partition of 1947. His narrative paintings, executed in a modified Cubist style, can be caustic and funny as well as serious and sombre. His themes—sometimes treated in series—include topics as diverse as Gandhi, Mother Teresa, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the British Raj, and motifs of Indian urban and rural life. In September 2020, his painting titled “Voices”, auctioned for a record $2.5 million.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Husain's later works have stirred controversy, which included nude portrayals of Hindu deities, and a nude portrayal of Bharat Mata. Right-wing organisations called for his arrest, and several lawsuits were filed against him for hurting religious sentiments. He remained in a self imposed exile from 2006 until his death in 2011, accepting Qatari citizenship in 2010.


title: M. F. Husain

text: In 1967, he received the National Film Award for Best Experimental Film for "Through the Eyes of a Painter". In 2004, he directed "", a film he worked on with his artist son Owais Husain, which was screened in the Marché du film section of the 2004 Cannes Film Festival.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Hussain was born on 17 September 1915 in Pandharpur, Maharashtra. in a Suleymani Bohra family. He picked up taste in art through studying calligraphy while he stayed at a Madrasa in Baroda. Husain attended the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art in Mumbai. Early in his career, Husain painted cinema posters in Mumbai. To earn additional income, he worked for a toy company designing and building toys. He often travelled to Gujarat to paint landscapes whenever he could afford to travel.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Husain developed his painting skills in the 1930s, painting billboards for the growing Bollywood film industry. This was a clique of young artists who wished to break with the nationalist traditions established by the Bengal school of art and to encourage an Indian avant-garde, engaged at an international level. In 1934, he sold his first painting for Rs 10 on the roadside. Husain's father, who was an accountant, wanted him to get into business.


title: M. F. Husain

text: The artist cite "The Partition" of India and Pakistan 14 August 1947, with its resulting religious rioting and heavy loss of life as their reason for forming The Progressive Artist's Group in Bombay in December 1947. The artists saw the Partition as a "turning point" for India, and their new style of art was urged on by, and was also a turning point for, (modern) Indian Art. Husain's first solo art exhibition was in 1952 in Zürich. His first U.S. exhibit was at India House in New York City in 1964. his biography written by Akhilesh "Maqbool" is the most appreciated book published by Rajkamal Prakashan New Delhi.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Husain was a special invitee along with Pablo Picasso at the São Paulo Biennial, Brazil in 1971. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1986.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Although he was raised in a Muslim household, Husain sought freedom to capture the essence of beauty in other religious cultures, for which he received a backlash. His paintings allegedly hurt the religious sentiments of Hindus, which beginning in the 1990s mounted a campaign of protest against him. The paintings in question were created in 1970, but did not become an issue until 1996, when they were printed in "Vichar Mimansa", a Hindi monthly magazine, which published them in an article headlined "M.F. Husain: A Painter or Butcher". In response, eight criminal complaints were filed against him. In 2004, Delhi High Court dismissed these complaints of "promoting enmity between different groups ... by painting Hindu goddesses – Durga and Sarswati, that was later compromised by Hindu fundamentalist groups."


title: M. F. Husain

text: In 1998 Husain's house was attacked by Hindu fundamentalist groups like Bajrang Dal and art works were vandalised. The leadership of another fundamentalist political party Shiv Sena endorsed the attack. Twenty-six Bajrang Dal activists were arrested by the police. Protests against Husain also led to the closure of an exhibition in England.


title: M. F. Husain

text: He has also produced & directed several movies, including "Gaja Gamini" (2000) (with his muse Madhuri Dixit who was the subject of a series of his paintings which he signed "Fida"). The film was intended as a tribute to Ms. Dixit herself. In this film she can be seen portraying various forms and manifestations of womanhood including the muse of Kalidasa, the Mona Lisa, a rebel, and musical euphoria. He also appeared in a scene in film "Mohabbat", which had Madhuri Dixit in lead role. In the film, the paintings that were supposedly done by Madhuri were actually Husain's. He went on to make "" (with Tabu). The film was pulled out of cinemas a day after some Muslim organisations raised objections to one of the songs in it. The All-India Ulema Council complained that the Qawwali song "Noor-un-Ala-Noor" was blasphemous. It argued that the song contained words directly taken from the Quran. The council was supported by Muslim organisations like the Milli Council, All-India Muslim Council, Raza Academy, Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Hind and Jamat-e-Islami. Husain's son stated that the words were a phrase referring to divine beauty that were being sung by the central character played by Tabu. He said there was no intention to offend. Following the wave of protests the enraged artist withdrew his movie from cinemas. The film was well received by the critics, however, and went on to win various awards.


title: M. F. Husain

text: In February 2006, Husain was charged with "hurting sentiments of people" because of his nude portraits of Hindu gods and goddesses. In addition, on 6 February 2006 issue, "India Today", a national English weekly published an advertisement titled "Art For Mission Kashmir". This advertisement contains a painting of {Bharatmata} (Mother India) as a nude woman posed across a map of India with the names of Indian States on various parts of her body. The exhibition was organised by Nafisa Ali of Action India – an (NGO) and Apparao Art Gallery. Organisations like VHP protested persistently against Husain displaying the painting on the websites and even in exhibitions in north Europe. As a result, Husain apologised and promised to withdraw the painting from an auction, which was later sold for Rs 80 lakh in the auction. The painting later appeared on Husain's official website. Husain claims that the loss of his mother at the age of a year and a half is a possible reason for his pattern of paintings depicting a maternal Indian figure.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Husain became the best-paid painter in India, his highest-selling piece fetching $1.6 million at a 2008 Christie's auction.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Hundreds of lawsuits in connection with Husain's allegedly obscene art were outstanding as of 2007. A warrant was issued for his arrest after he did not appear at a hearing, though this warrant was later suspended.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Husain lived in self-imposed exile from 2006 until his death. He generally lived in Doha and summered in London. For the last years of his life Husain lived in Doha and London, staying away from India, but expressing a strong desire to return, despite fears of being prosecuted.


title: M. F. Husain

text: In 2008 Husain was commissioned to create 32 large-scale paintings of Indian history. He finished 8 before his death. In 2010, he was conferred Qatari nationality, and he surrendered his Indian passport. In Qatar, he principally worked on two large projects, one on the history of Arab civilisation, commissioned by Qatar's first lady, Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned, and one on the history of Indian civilisation. The works are to be housed in a museum in Doha.


title: M. F. Husain

text: At the age of 92 Husain was given the prestigious Raja Ravi Varma award by the government of Kerala. The announcement led to controversy in Kerala and some cultural organisations campaigned against the granting of the award and petitioned the Kerala courts. Social Activist, Rahul Easwar, went to Kerala High Court and it granted an interim order to stay the granting of the award until the petition had been disposed of.


title: M. F. Husain

text: In 2010, the Jordanian Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre named Husain as one of the 500 most influential Muslims.


title: M. F. Husain

text: M. F. Husain died, aged 95, on 9 June 2011, following a heart attack. He had been unwell for several months. He died at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery on 10 June 2011.


title: M. F. Husain

text: Other Indian artists expressed criticism. Satish Gujral publicly asked Husain whether he would dare to portray Islamic figures similarly. However Gujral stated that he deeply regretted the way Husain was treated and forced into an exile because of what Gujral termed "the mob culture". And Harsh Goenka, a Mumbai-based industrialist, claims that forcing Husain into exile "is, in a way, showing the weakness of the system, that we cannot protect the rights of the citizen".


title: M. F. Husain

text: Writing in "The Pioneer", Chandan Mitra wrote, "As long as such a law exists in the statutes, nobody can be faulted for approaching the courts against Husain's objectionable paintings, nor can the judiciary be pilloried for ordering action against the artist for his persistent and deliberate refusal to appear before the court."


title: M. F. Husain

text: In response to the controversy, Husain's admirers petitioned the government to grant Husain the Bharat Ratna, India's highest award. According to Shashi Tharoor, who supported the petition, it praised Husain because his "life and work are beginning to serve as an allegory for the changing modalities of the secular in modern India – and the challenges that the narrative of the nation holds for many of us. This is the opportune and crucial time to honour him for his dedication and courage to the cultural renaissance of his beloved country." Husain had such a vast amount of work that spanned over 10 decades producing roughly 40,000 paintings by the end of his lifetime.


title: M. F. Husain

text: On his part Husain stated that leading Hindu leaders have not spoken a word against his paintings, and they should have been the first ones to have raised their voice and only people with political intentions created controversy.


title: M. F. Husain

text: After Husain's death, Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray said, "He only slipped up on the depiction of Hindu gods and goddesses. Otherwise, he was happy and content in his field. If his demise is a loss for modern art, then so be it. May Allah give him peace!"


title: M. F. Husain

text: Indian film director Santi P. Choudhury made "Husain", a documentary film on his life in 1980. Choudhury had earlier made another documentary on the artist, "A Painter Of Our Time: Hussain", in 1976. Both of these were produced by the Government of India's Films Division, for whom Hussain himself had earlier made the film "Through the Eyes of a Painter".


title: M. F. Husain

text: On 17 September 2015, search engine Google commemorated M. F. Husain with a Doodle on his birth centenary.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Mildred Pierce is a 1945 American film noir directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Joan Crawford, Jack Carson, and Zachary Scott, also featuring Eve Arden, Ann Blyth, and Bruce Bennett. Based on the 1941 novel by James M. Cain, this was Crawford's first starring role for Warner Bros., after leaving Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In 1996, "Mildred Pierce" was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected for preservation in the United States Library of Congress National Film Registry.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Monte Beragon, the second husband of Mildred Pierce, is murdered. The police tell Mildred her first husband, Bert Pierce, has confessed. Mildred protests that he is too kind to commit murder and reveals her story to the officer in flashback.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Mildred and Bert are unhappily married. After Bert splits with his business partner, Wally Fay, Mildred must sell her baked goods to support the family. Bert accuses Mildred of favoring their two daughters over him. Their quarrel intensifies after a phone call from Bert's mistress, Maggie Biederhof, and they separate.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Mildred retains custody of 16-year-old Veda, a bratty social climber, and 10-year-old Kay, a tomboy. Mildred's principal goal is to provide material possessions for Veda, who longs for high social status and is ashamed of her mother being a baker. Mildred hides her other job as a waitress, but Veda learns the truth and treats her mother with disdain.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Mildred meets Monte Beragon, a Pasadena society playboy with an almost-depleted inheritance. Beragon owns the building that Mildred wants to purchase for a restaurant, and he pursues a romantic interest in her. While the two are at his beach house for a weekend, Kay contracts pneumonia and dies after a trip to Lake Arrowhead with Veda and Bert. Mildred channels her grief into work and throws herself into opening a new restaurant. With help from her friend and former supervisor, Ida Corwin, Mildred's restaurant is successful. Wally helps Mildred buy the property, and soon she owns a chain of restaurants throughout Southern California.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Veda secretly marries well-to-do Ted Forrester for his money and position, but his mother objects. Veda agrees to dissolve the marriage but claims she is pregnant and demands $10,000 from the Forresters. Veda smugly confesses her pregnancy is a sham to Mildred, who tears up the check and throws her out of the house.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Bert, too distraught to tell Mildred about Veda's latest escapade, takes her to Wally's nightclub, where Veda performs as a lounge singer. After seeing several sailors in the audience wolf-whistle at Veda in her sexy costume, Mildred begs her to come home. Veda sneers and says her mother can never give her the lifestyle she deserves.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Desperate to reconcile with her daughter, Mildred coaxes Monte into a loveless marriage to improve her social status, with Monte's price being a one-third share of her business to allow him to settle his debts. Veda, eager to live out her dream as a debutante, pretends to reconcile with her mother and moves into Beragon's lavish mansion.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Eventually, the cost of supporting Monte and Veda's affluent lifestyles—and Monte's underhanded ploy to retain his share in the business while causing his wife to forfeit her own—bankrupts Mildred, forcing her to sell the restaurant chain. After driving to his beach house to confront Monte, Mildred finds Veda in his arms. Veda scornfully tells her mother that Monte intends to marry her after divorcing Mildred, who runs to her car in tears after dropping a gun she intended to use on Monte. When Monte tells Veda he would never marry her because she is a "rotten little tramp", she shoots him with Mildred's gun.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Veda begs her mother to help conceal the murder; Mildred reluctantly agrees. Fed up with his misdeeds—helping Veda blackmail the Forresters, hiring her to sing in his seedy nightclub, assenting to Monte's business move against her, and making constant sexual overtures toward her—Mildred tries to pin the murder on Wally by luring him to the beach house. Police officers arrest Wally when he flees in panic after seeing Monte's body. Still, the investigating officer tells Mildred that Wally cannot be the killer because he has no motive.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In the present, the detectives admit they knew all along that Veda committed the murder. Mildred tries to apologize as her daughter is sent to jail, but Veda rebuffs her. Mildred leaves the police station to find Bert waiting for her outside.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Although James M. Cain was often labeled a "hard-boiled crime writer", his novel "Mildred Pierce" (1941) was mostly a psychological work, with little violence. The adaptation, released four years later, was designed as a thriller, and a murder was introduced into the plot.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The novel spans nine years (from 1931 to 1940), whereas the film is set from 1939 to the 1940s and spans only four years. Its characters do not age as a consequence. Mildred's physical appearance does not change, although her costumes become more elegant as her business grows. Veda ages from around 13 to 17. Mildred is more of a tycoon in the film; her restaurants are glamorous places, and she owns a whole chain (Mildred's) instead of the novel's three. Evil, spoiled Veda, who is prodigiously talented and brilliantly devious in the novel, is somewhat less formidable in the film. All references to the Depression and the Prohibition era, which are important in the novel, are absent from the screenplay.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The plot is simplified and the number of characters reduced. Veda's training and success as a singer (including her performance at the Hollywood Bowl) were dropped in the film and her music teachers only mentioned in passing. Lucy Gessler, a key character in the novel and Mildred's good friend, is eliminated. Ida, Mildred's boss at the restaurant where she works as a waitress, is given much of Gessler's wise-cracking personality.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Monte does not die in the novel, and Veda never goes to jail. The murder portion of the story was invented by the filmmakers because the censorship code of that time required evildoers to be punished for their misdeeds. The 2011 HBO miniseries "Mildred Pierce" follows the novel more faithfully in this respect.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The working title for "Mildred Pierce" was "House on the Sand"; and filming began on December 7, 1944. Ralph Bellamy, Donald Woods, and George Coulouris were considered for the role of Bert, while Bonita Granville, Virginia Weidler, and Martha Vickers were considered for Veda. Scenes for the film were shot in Glendale and Malibu, California. Permission had to be granted from the U.S. Navy to shoot in Malibu because of wartime restrictions.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In 1942, two years earlier, Joan Crawford had been released from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer due to a mutual agreement. Crawford campaigned for the lead role in "Mildred Pierce", which most lead actresses did not want because of the implied age as mother of a teenage daughter. Warner Bros. and director Michael Curtiz originally wanted Bette Davis to play the title role, but she declined. Curtiz did not want Crawford to play the part. He campaigned for Barbara Stanwyck, who was working on "My Reputation" (1946) at the time. When he learned that Stanwyck was not going to be cast, he then tried to recruit either Olivia de Havilland or Joan Fontaine to play Mildred, but both were still in their 20s. He ultimately approved Crawford's casting after seeing her screen test. Even so, Curtiz and Crawford were often at odds on the set, with producer Jerry Wald acting as peacemaker.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The film was a box-office success. According to Warner Bros., it earned $3,483,000 in the United States and $2,155,000 in other markets.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: Contemporary reviews praised Crawford's performance but had mixed opinions about other aspects of the film. A review in "The New York Times" stated that, although Crawford gave "a sincere and generally effective characterization", the film "lacks the driving force of stimulating drama", and it did "not seem reasonable that a level-headed person like Mildred Pierce, who builds a fabulously successful chain of restaurants on practically nothing, could be so completely dominated by a selfish and grasping daughter, who spells trouble in capital letters."


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: William Brogdon of "Variety" liked the film, especially the screenplay, and wrote:At first reading James M. Cain's novel of the same title might not suggest screenable material, but the cleanup job has resulted in a class feature, showmanly produced by Jerry Wald and tellingly directed by Michael Curtiz ... The dramatics are heavy but so skillfully handled that they never cloy. Joan Crawford reaches a peak of her acting career in this pic. Ann Blyth, as the daughter, scores dramatically in her first genuine acting assignment. Zachary Scott makes the most of his character as the Pasadena heel, a talented performance.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: "Harrison's Reports" wrote that Crawford delivered a "good performance", but the story "lacks conviction, and the main characterizations are overdrawn. For example, the daughter's hatred for her mother has no logical basis, consequently, it weakens the story."


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: John McCarten of "The New Yorker" wrote:Certainly, despite its unconscionable length—it takes almost two hours—"Mildred Pierce" contains enough excitement to jolt even the most lethargic customer...it is pleasant to report that Miss Crawford is no longer as frantic in appearance as she once was. Despite all kinds of chances to go berserk as a Cain mother, Miss Crawford remains subdued and reasonable, like most of the rest of a highly competent cast.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In a 2005 review, Jeremiah Kipp of "Slant Magazine" gave the film a mixed review:"Mildred Pierce" is melodramatic trash, constructed like a reliable Aristotelian warhorse where characters have planted the seeds of their own doom in the first act, only to have grief-stricken revelations at the climax. Directed by studio favorite Michael Curtiz in German Expressionistic mode, which doesn't quite go with the California beaches and sunlight but sets the bleak tone of domestic film noir, and scored by Max Steiner with a sensational bombast that's rousing even when it doesn't match the quieter, pensive mood of individual scenes, "Mildred Pierce" is professionally executed and moves at a brisk clip.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In 1978, historian June Sochen argued the film lies at the intersection of the "weepie" and "independent woman" genres of the 1930s and 1940s. It accentuates common ground of the two: Women must be submissive, live through others, and remain in the home.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Tied together by a powerhouse performance from Joan Crawford, Mildred Pierce blends noir and social drama to soapily intoxicating effect.".


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: A five-part television miniseries of "Mildred Pierce" premiered on HBO in March 2011, starring Kate Winslet as Mildred, Guy Pearce as Beragon, Evan Rachel Wood as Veda, and Mare Winningham as Ida. Separate actresses portray Veda at different ages, as opposed to Ann Blyth alone in the 1945 film. Wally Fay's character in the original has been changed back to the novel's Wally Burgan, and is portrayed by James LeGros. The cast also includes Melissa Leo as Mildred's neighbor and friend, Lucy Gessler, a character omitted from the Crawford version. The film is told in chronological order with no flashbacks or voice-over narration, and eliminates the murder subplot that was added for the 1945 version.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The 1981 film "Mommie Dearest" mentions the screen test Crawford (played by Faye Dunaway) must endure, a rehearsal scene at her home for the film, a portrayal of her at home during the Academy Awards radio broadcast announcing the 1945 winners, and her acceptance speech outside her home for a team of reporters.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In 1976, the ninth episode of the tenth season of "The Carol Burnett Show" featured a take-off of the film called "Mildred Fierce", with Carol Burnett as Mildred, Vicki Lawrence as Veda, and Harvey Korman as Monte.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: In the third episode of "The Deuce", "The Principle Is All", Darlene watches "Mildred Pierce" with one of her regulars.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The eighth track on the 1990 album "Goo" by alternative rock band Sonic Youth is an instrumental titled "Mildred Pierce".


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The Gainesville, Florida, restaurant Mildred's Big City Food is named after the film's title character.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: "Mildred Pierce" is available on Region 2 DVD in a single disc edition which includes an 86-minute documentary about the career and personal life of Joan Crawford. The documentary features contributions from fellow actors and directors, including Diane Baker, Betsy Palmer, Anna Lee, Anita Page, Cliff Robertson, Virginia Grey, Dickie Moore, Norma Shearer, Ben Cooper, Margaret O'Brien, Judy Geeson, and Vincent Sherman. "Mildred Pierce" is also included in a Region 2 signature collection of Crawford's films with "Possessed", "Grand Hotel", "The Damned Don't Cry", and "Humoresque".


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: The Region 1 edition is a flipper single disc with "Joan Crawford: The Ultimate Movie Star" documentary and a series of trailer galleries on the reverse of the film.


title: Mildred Pierce (film)

text: "Mildred Pierce" is available on DVD and Blu-ray from The Criterion Collection for Regions 1 and 2 in a special edition which includes a host of special features, including "Joan Crawford: The Ultimate Movie Star", a 2002 feature-length documentary, a Q&A with actor Ann Blyth from 2006, a conversation on the film between critics Molly Haskell and Robert Polito, an excerpt from "The David Frost Show" featuring Joan Crawford, a booklet with an essay by critic Imogen Sara Smith, and more.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Erin Michael O'Toole (born January 22, 1973) is a Canadian politician who has been the member of Parliament (MP) for Durham since 2012. A member of the Conservative Party, O'Toole served as the party's leader and the leader of the Official Opposition from 2020 to 2022.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Born in Montreal, O'Toole grew up in Port Perry and Bowmanville. He joined the Canadian Forces in 1991 and studied at the Royal Military College (RMC) until 1995. He was commissioned in Air Command, serving as an air navigator, eventually attaining the rank of captain. Following his active service, he received a law degree, practicing law for nearly a decade until he was elected to the House of Commons in a 2012 by-election. In 2015, O'Toole briefly served as veterans affairs minister in the Harper government. In 2017, he ran for the party's leadership, finishing third to winner Andrew Scheer.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: After Scheer resigned as leader in late 2019, O'Toole ran a successful leadership campaign, defeating former cabinet minister Peter MacKay in the 2020 leadership election. After he assumed the leadership, O'Toole marketed his party to working-class Canadians. O'Toole lost the 2021 federal election while receiving a plurality of the popular vote, and also won re-election in his home riding of Durham. O'Toole stated he would stay on as party leader, but on February 2, 2022, he was ousted after losing a leadership review from sitting Conservative Party MPs.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole has been described as a moderate member of his party. On domestic policy issues, O'Toole supports gradually eliminating the federal deficit, simplifying federal taxes, a low carbon savings account, and pipeline construction. On foreign policy issues, O'Toole supports a agreement and getting "tough on China", considering its government to be a "bad actor" on the international stage. O'Toole's voting record on social issues has been mainly characterized as socially progressive.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole was born in Montreal, Quebec, on January 22, 1973, the son of Mollie ( Hall) and John O'Toole, who served as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Durham in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario between 1995 and 2014. His father is of Irish descent, and his mother was born in London, England, and came to Canada after World War II. Following his mother's death when he was nine years old, his family moved to Port Perry, Ontario, where he attended elementary school. O'Toole and his family later moved to Bowmanville, Ontario, where he graduated from Bowmanville High School.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 1991, O'Toole joined the military, enrolling at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. He graduated with an honours Bachelor of Arts degree in history and political science in 1995.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Following his graduation, O'Toole was commissioned as an officer in the Canadian Forces Air Command. He was first posted to Trenton, Ontario, where he was involved in search and rescue operations. O'Toole also spent time at 17 Wing in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where he completed his training as an air navigator.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 1997, O'Toole was posted to 12 Wing in Shearwater, Nova Scotia. While serving at this post, O'Toole flew as a tactical navigator on a CH-124 (Sea King) helicopter with 423 Squadron, conducted maritime surveillance, and performed search and rescue and naval support operations. While serving at 12 Wing, O'Toole was promoted to the rank of captain and was awarded the Sikorsky Helicopter Rescue Award for rescuing an injured fisherman at sea.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 2000, O'Toole completed his active service in the military. He transferred to the reserves, working as a training officer running flight simulators, while he pursued a law degree. He received the Canadian Forces' Decoration for 12 years of service to Canada.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole graduated from the Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University with a law degree in 2003. He returned to Ontario where he articled at, and later became a lawyer with, Stikeman Elliott, a business law firm in Toronto. During this time, O'Toole primarily practised in the areas of product liability, insolvency, competition and general commercial law. Between 2006 and 2011, O'Toole served as Canadian in-house counsel for Procter & Gamble. He acted as corporate counsel for Gillette, provided commercial and regulatory law advice, was counsel on issues relating to legislation, and investigated counterfeiting operations. In 2011, O'Toole joined the law firm Heenan Blaikie, where he was a registered lobbyist for Facebook, Inc.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In May 2012, O'Toole announced his plans to run as the Conservative candidate in the by-election for Durham, following Bev Oda's resignation, winning the seat on November 26, 2012. In September 2013, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named O'Toole the parliamentary secretary to the minister of international trade, Ed Fast.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 2014, O'Toole partnered with Senator Roméo Dallaire to host the first Samuel Sharpe Memorial Breakfast, in honour of former soldier and MP Samuel Simpson Sharpe. Sharpe committed suicide in 1918 following his return home from World War I. O'Toole and Dallaire started the memorial breakfast to bring issues of veterans' mental health to the forefront and to improve access to treatment and resources for soldiers suffering from operational stress injuries. In May 2018, O'Toole introduced a motion to install a plaque commemorating Sharpe on Parliament Hill, which passed unanimously.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: On January 5, 2015, Harper appointed O'Toole as minister of veterans affairs, replacing Julian Fantino. O'Toole prioritized repairing relations with veterans and addressing the complaints Canadian veterans had with Fantino. During his time as veterans affairs minister, he convinced veterans who had sued the Canadian government to place a halt on their lawsuit while they entered into settlement negotiations. In the lawsuit, filed before O'Toole was named minister, the Canadian soldiers argued that the 2006 overhaul of veteran benefits was discriminatory.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In the 2015 election, O'Toole was re-elected as MP for Durham, receiving 45 per cent of the vote, followed by Liberal candidate Corinna Traill with 36 per cent.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Stephen Harper resigned as Conservative party leader after the Liberals won a majority in the 2015 federal election. O'Toole announced that he would seek the interim leadership of the Conservative Party. Rona Ambrose defeated him but named O'Toole the Official Opposition critic for public safety.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: On October 14, 2016, O'Toole announced his candidacy for the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election. O'Toole ran a positive campaign and avoided personally attacking other candidates during the campaign, arguing that Prime Minister Justin Trudeau does not own optimism. He received endorsements from 31 MPs, 12 former MPs, 17 provincial politicians, and CANZUK International. O'Toole finished in third place, behind Maxime Bernier and the eventual winner Andrew Scheer.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 2018, after Patrick Brown resigned over accusations of sexual misconduct, O'Toole considered entering the Ontario Progressive Conservative leadership race. He ultimately passed on the opportunity, instead supporting Christine Elliott. On August 31, 2017, Andrew Scheer appointed O'Toole the official opposition critic for foreign affairs.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: As Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was re-elected as prime minister in 2019, O'Toole won re-election in his riding, beating the Liberal candidate by about 10 per cent of the vote.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In December 2019, Andrew Scheer announced his resignation as Conservative Party leader after it was revealed that he had used party funds for his children's private schooling. Scheer remained leader until his successor was elected.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole announced that he would seek the leadership of the Conservative Party in late January 2020. During his campaign, he framed himself as a "true blue" conservative, implying that rivals like Peter MacKay were less conservative. It helped that Pierre Poilievre, who was expected to get support from the right of the party, decided not to run. O'Toole's tone was angrier this time than during his first leadership run, which he stated was due to his increasing worry about the country after five years under a Trudeau government. He believed that his status as an MP would allow him to hold Trudeau accountable as soon as he became leader. During the campaign, O'Toole alleged that MacKay's campaign obtained stolen internal campaign data from him. A former intern at Calgary Centre MP Greg McLean's office later admitted to obtaining the data.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole won the leadership election after three rounds were counted, replacing Andrew Scheer. His victory was attributed partially to his pitch to socially conservative voters including supporters of candidates Derek Sloan and Leslyn Lewis to mark him as their second or third choice. He generally performed better in Conservative- and Bloc Québécois-held ridings, in rural areas, and in areas with fewer visible minorities. Despite representing a riding on the eastern edge of the Greater Toronto Area, O'Toole performed poorly there. People's Party leader Maxime Bernier criticized him in remarks dismissed by fellow leadership candidate Sloan, stating that he was not a real conservative.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Shortly after becoming leader, O'Toole said that triggering a fall election was not his priority and he preferred to focus instead on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and finding jobs for the unemployed. He reaffirmed his position in December 2020, stating that an election should not take place until after the pandemic had ended. Still, he said the Conservative Party was prepared for another election if one was called. On September 2, 2020, he announced Candice Bergen would serve as his deputy. O'Toole revealed his Shadow Cabinet the following week, with most roles changing from the previous Scheer-led one.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Toole criticized the Trudeau government for not approving rapid and at-home testing options, arguing that the economy would be unstable if they or a vaccine were unavailable. O'Toole has praised Alberta's pandemic response for allowing testing at pharmacies and being less restrictive than other provinces. When distribution of a vaccine was near, he criticized the government for being unable to deliver doses as quickly as other countries like the US and the UK. He called for more transparency regarding the vaccine rollout plan and stated that Canada only focused on preordering vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna after a partnership with a Chinese company failed.<ref name="ctv 11/29"></ref>


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In response to the WE Charity scandal, O'Toole proposed creating an anti-corruption committee tasked with releasing related details and other possible ethics violations made by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the defeat of the motion after Trudeau declared it a confidence vote, O'Toole proposed that these instead be done by the health committee.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: During his leadership, O'Toole worked to attract working-class people to the Conservative Party, noting his experience of watching auto workers lose their jobs in his hometown of Bowmanville, and his support for unions. Despite his support for unions, union leaders were skeptical given his previous parliamentary voting record and his pre-2015 free trade-related work. O'Toole also softened his rhetoric, presenting himself as moderate to counter accusations from opponents that he was trying to market to the far-right.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Due to his shift from the "true blue" rhetoric of his leadership campaign to a more moderate approach, he has received some criticism from within the party and fears that he may drop certain Conservative priorities such as opposition to the carbon tax. O'Toole later acknowledged such party criticism, though he continued said approach, stating the party must have "the courage to change" and attract new voters in order to win against the Liberals.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Following the start of the 2021 election campaign, O'Toole released a platform with the slogans "Secure the Future" in English and "Agir Pour L'Avenir" (English translation: Act for the Future) in French.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: The opening paragraphs of the 160-page document include a statement that "It's time for Conservatives to take inequality seriously" The Conservatives described their platform as focusing on the economy, jobs, and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. In the final days of the campaign, he attempted to convince People's Party voters that a vote for it would split the vote and allow a Trudeau victory. O'Toole lost the election to Trudeau, who won another minority government, though he won his riding of Durham and a plurality of the popular vote. O'Toole stated on election night that he would stay on as leader.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Shortly after the election, the party became divided on whether or not O'Toole should stay on as leader of the party. On November 15, Conservative senator Denise Batters called for a referendum on O'Toole's leadership, saying that O'Toole "flip-flopped on policies core to our party" including a carbon tax, firearm regulations and abortion. Conservative Party president Robert Batherson ruled that a referendum to call a leadership review was "not in order". Two days later, O'Toole responded by removing Denise Batters from the caucus, saying anyone "who's not putting the team and the country first, will not be part of this team."


title: Erin O'Toole

text: On January 31, 2022, Conservative Calgary Heritage MP Bob Benzen submitted a letter with signatures from 35 Conservative MPs calling for a leadership review on O'Toole's leadership to the Conservative caucus chair, Scott Reid. In the letter, Benzen criticized O'Toole's reversal on repealing Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's carbon tax and assault weapons ban.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: On February 2, 2022, O'Toole was ousted as leader in a vote by Conservative MPs according to the terms of the "Reform Act". By secret ballot, O'Toole was removed as leader by a margin of 73 votes to 45. The vote forced his removal, which took effect immediately.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 2022, O'Toole expressed his belief that Chinese interference had played a role in the Conservative Party's loss during the 2021 Canadian federal election in an interview with Liberal MP Nathaniel Erskine-Smith on Smith's "UnCommons" podcast. O'Toole opined that interference by Chinese Communist Party linked outfits could have cost the Conservatives up to "eight or nine seats."


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole has been described as tending to be one of the more moderate members of his party. He supports a more moderate Conservative Party and has denounced the far-right, stating that they do not belong in his party.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole has stated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government should only spend what is necessary to help Canadians and balance the budget gradually over the next decade. O'Toole is against a national childcare program, saying that he prefers giving families more childcare options rather than one federal one. In his 2021 platform, he proposed to replace the current child care funding with tax credits for parents. He also opposes a national pharmacare program, saying that the government should not replace billions already spent by insurance companies.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: He also wants to reduce and simplify taxes, arguing that a complicated tax system benefits the wealthy, who can afford to find loopholes. He supports modifying Canada's equalization and fiscal stabilization systems, which he argues are presently unfair to Alberta. O'Toole supports a full review of government spending and a program in which all new spending must be accompanied by an equivalent reduction in spending elsewhere. He has called for an incentive to reduce employment insurance premiums that small and medium-sized businesses pay for new employees.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole supports reviewing the mandate for the CBC's English digital and television operations, possibly converting it into a PBS-style public interest model to ensure it does not compete with the private sector. He argues the current competition with the private sector hurts other media companies, which is why he believes the $600-million print media bailout package would no longer be needed. He previously supported defunding these, being a major part of his 2020 Conservative leadership platform and popular with Conservative voters. He would not modify CBC Radio or its French language operations, stating they maintain their original public interest mandate. O'Toole previously supported modernizing the CBC without modifying funding.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: To tackle Canada's housing crisis, O'Toole proposes to create one million new homes within three years, including converting at least 15 percent of federal buildings into housing space. He also supports banning foreign investors from buying Canadian homes for at least two years.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: A "Canadian values" test, like the one proposed by Kellie Leitch, is not supported by O'Toole. During the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Toole has proposed increased immigration through family reunification to make up for a decreased number of economic immigrants. On illegal immigration, O'Toole supports creating a joint operation with the United States to stop asylum seekers from entering Canada illegally.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: During the 2020 leadership election, O'Toole made a platform appealing specifically towards Quebec nationalists. O'Toole supports decentralizing the federal government's power in Quebec, having stated he is open to giving the province increased powers over immigration and opposing federal intervention to stop the Quebec ban on religious symbols, arguing that the independence of Quebec's legislature should be protected. He believes that large, federally regulated companies should be required to adhere to Quebec's "Charter of the French Language".


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole opposes the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and said the Supreme Court of Canada has "set a higher bar on the so-called duty to consult." After statues of John A. Macdonald, Canada's first prime minister, were toppled in protests against systemic racism, O'Toole said that it would be "dooming Canada to forget its history" and that he preferred adding plaques to monuments describing a "more balanced look" of Canada's history instead of tearing them down. He had previously opposed the removal of a statue of Macdonald from Victoria's City Hall.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In November 2020, O'Toole made a speech to Ryerson Conservatives defending university's namesake Egerton Ryerson where he said the Canadian Indian residential school system was "created to provide education". In December 2020 he retracted his comments and stated Indigenous reconciliation is a priority for him.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Toole released a post-pandemic recovery plan. He promised to launch a royal commission on the issue within 100 days of taking office and said the "big government" strategy failed Canadians. He has proposed converting the existing child care expense deduction to a refundable tax credit. He supported extending Employment Insurance for workers after the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) ran out in summer 2021. O'Toole believes the CERB should have been used more effectively by the government and focused on sectors hit hardest by the pandemic. He proposes expanding the emergency loan program for businesses and temporarily amend bankruptcy laws to make company restructuring easier.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole supports unions, calling them "an essential part of the balance between what was good for business and what was good for employees". He believes a lack of unions gives too much power to corporate elites, who he has said would be "too happy to outsource jobs abroad".


title: Erin O'Toole

text: After an anti-pipeline movement sparked rail blockades across Canada, O'Toole promised to make it a specific criminal offence to block them as well as entrances to businesses, airports, and seaports, though some opponents believe it unfairly targets them. He also plans on introducing a law to ensure free trade between Canada's provinces.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: On carbon pricing, O'Toole would create an alternative system in addition to the current federal carbon tax for consumers which would put a surcharge on carbon into a "low carbon savings account", a tax-free savings account to be used on purchases to make consumers more environmentally friendly. Provincial governments would be allowed to choose between the two systems. The surcharge O'Toole proposes is lower than that of the Trudeau government and O'Toole plans to offset that by other measures such as requiring 30 percent of light vehicles to be free of pollutants by 2030.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole's climate plan proposes to continue taxing industry and does plan to raise the tax on industry as much as Trudeau intends to. He has said climate change is a global problem which requires a global solution. O'Toole has committed to meeting Canada's Paris Agreement targets and has said he will partner with the provinces to do so. He supports net-zero emissions legislation as long as he considers it to "support Canadian industry" and has stated that he would like to partner with and pressure organizations to lower their emissions, including helping oil companies become carbon neutral. During his 2021 election campaign, O'Toole stated he would revert back to earlier emissions targets, stating Trudeau has no plan to bring emissions down to more recent targets.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole supports ending Canada's energy imports from outside North America. He supports pipeline construction, arguing they "ignite" Canada's economy, though he has said that the proposed Energy East pipeline will not be constructed. He opposes the "Oil Tanker Moratorium Act", the "Impact Assessment Act" and the "Canadian Energy Regulator Act". He would introduce a National Strategic Pipelines Act to speed up approvals of pipelines deemed to be in Canada's national interest and repeal the related legislation introduced by the Trudeau government.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: On March 20, 2021, O'Toole attempted to convince members to support a more serious agenda aimed at curbing climate change, saying that he did not want his candidates to be labelled as climate change deniers. Despite this, the party's base rejected a motion adding "we recognize that climate change is real. The Conservative Party is willing to act", with 54% of delegates voting against it.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole's voting record on social issues has been described by The National Post as socially progressive. He is pro-choice on the matter of abortion, opposing legal restrictions on the practice, though he would hold free votes on bills related to abortion and other social issues. While he supports legislation which would allow health care practitioners to decline to offer treatment inconsistent with their philosophical views such as abortion stating they may be driven out of healthcare otherwise, he clarified that he believes they should be required to refer people to those services. O'Toole voted against bill C-14, which made euthanasia legal, saying he continued to have concerns about it and would prefer resources be focused on palliative care.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole supports same-sex marriage and has pledged to walk in pride parades under the condition that uniformed police officers can as well. He supports ending restrictions on men who have sex with men donating blood and banning conversion therapy.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole initially pledged to repeal all gun law changes made by the Trudeau government, though he later stated that the firearms banned in May 2020 would remain banned. However, the current firearms classification system would undergo public review.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Before recreational cannabis use was legalized, O'Toole supported its decriminalization and during his 2017 leadership campaign, he said that Trudeau's plan to legalize it would be impossible to reverse. O'Toole opposes harsh punishments for drug offences, instead supporting treating drug addiction as a health issue rather than a criminal issue. Law enforcement would focus more on traffickers under O'Toole's proposal and he plans on funding drug rehabilitation. Despite this, he does not support further drug legalization.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: According to political science professor Peter McKenna, O'Toole's foreign policy, especially that towards dictatorships and the United Nations, is similar to that of former-prime minister Stephen Harper. He has criticized Liberals for being too friendly with dictatorships and paying too much attention to the UN. McKenna has noted that O'Toole wants Canada to advocate for human rights internationally and will remove funding from UN agencies which he believes have failed from a corruption and human rights standpoint. He supports harsher punishments for Canadians participating in human rights abuses and proposes the creation of an international human rights committee.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole opposes cutting Canada's foreign aid budget though he has said he would look to fund programs leading to measurable outcomes similar to prior Conservative policies. He supports a agreement, a political and economic union between Canada, the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, stating it will create more jobs for Canadians and help distance Canada from China. He supports a "Canada First" strategy to promote domestic production of goods and economic self-sufficiency but says he is not as much of a protectionist as the former US president, Donald Trump. He supports meeting Canada's NATO commitments. On Israel, he supports recognition of Jerusalem as the country's capital and plans to move Canada's Israeli embassy there from Tel Aviv.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole has spoken out against the Chinese government multiple times, singling it out as a bad actor on the international stage. He says there is a "growing influence of Chinese agents" in Canada meant to push Chinese propaganda and to intimidate Canadians. He supports passing a law similar to the Australian foreign interference law. He has proposed tightening up foreign investment groups to deter state-owned companies from non-free countries from buying Canadian resources and companies unless there is a compelling reason to approve. He supports a tougher stance on China and imposing sanctions on Chinese Communist Party officials involved with human rights violations using provisions of the "Sergei Magnitsky Law". He opposes China's treatment of Uyghurs, saying that the 2022 Winter Olympics should be relocated from Beijing owing to concerns that the Chinese government is committing genocide against Uyghurs. He has come out in support of the Trump administration's hard-line approach to China.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole supports banning Huawei from Canada's 5G networks, stating China controls the company and has stolen technology from Nortel, a defunct Canadian company. He would give other providers tax credits to replace their infrastructure and apply pressure to other countries to stop allowing Chinese state-owned companies from accessing their markets and has called on the Trudeau government to expedite entry of political refugees fleeing Hong Kong.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Because of Canada's issues with the Chinese government, O'Toole seeks to improve relations with Taiwan and put "caveats" on the One-China policy. After Chinese Ambassador Cong Peiwu made remarks against Canada granting political asylum to pro-democracy protestors in Hong Kong, O'Toole said that it was a threat on Canadians and that he should be removed if he does not apologize for them.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: O'Toole met his wife Rebecca in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1998, and they married in 2000. He has a daughter and a son. O'Toole is a Catholic. He founded True Patriot Love, a nonprofit supporting veterans, members of the military, and their families. In September 2020, O'Toole tested positive for COVID‑19, after a staffer in his office tested positive. His wife also later tested positive for COVID-19, after initially testing negative. They were in self-isolation until September 30, at which point O'Toole returned to Parliament.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: In 2012, O'Toole was awarded the Christopher J. Coulter Young Alumnus Award by Dalhousie University, for his achievements and dedication to community service.


title: Erin O'Toole

text: Also in 2012, O'Toole received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. All serving MPs that year were recipients.


title: Steve McQueen filmography

text: Steve McQueen (March 24, 1930 – November 7, 1980) was an American actor who had an extensive career in film and television. Popularly known as "The King of Cool", McQueen's screen persona was that of portraying cool, reticent antihero roles, which appealed strongly to the masses. This led him to cement his status as one of the most famous celebrities in Hollywood during the counterculture of the 1960s.


title: Steve McQueen filmography

text: After making his debut appearing in an uncredited role in the crime drama "Girl on the Run" (1953), McQueen featured in the Paul Newman starrer "Somebody Up There Likes Me" (1956), where he played the uncredited role of Fidel, a member of the protagonist's gang. In 1958, he appeared in the science fiction film "The Blob", which was his first film as a lead actor. It proved to be commercially successful at the box office, grossing ($ in 2022) against a budget of ($ in 2022). McQueen became known for portraying bounty hunter Josh Randall in the CBS television series "Wanted Dead or Alive" (1958–1961). He continued to act in films, playing the lead in "The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery" (1959), and in a supporting role as a corporal in "Never So Few" (1959), his first of three films with John Sturges.


title: Steve McQueen filmography

text: In 1960, McQueen achieved stardom when he co-starred alongside Yul Brynner in Sturges' western, "The Magnificent Seven", which was based on Akira Kurosawa's 1954 film "Seven Samurai". After a series of unsuccessful films for the next two years, McQueen teamed up with Sturges again in the war drama "The Great Escape" (1963), where he played Virgil Hilts, a World War II prisoner of war who along with fellow Allied POWs makes an escape from a high security prisoner-of-war camp. It emerged as one of the highest-grossing films of the year, winning McQueen the award for Best Actor at the Moscow International Film Festival. In "The Great Escape", a shot of Hilts riding a motorcycle and jumping a series of barbed-wire fences (performed by a stuntman) to escape from German soldiers is considered one of the best stunts ever made. McQueen received his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor nomination for his role of a musician in "Love with the Proper Stranger" (1963), where he was paired opposite Natalie Wood. He achieved critical and commercial success with "The Cincinnati Kid" (1965) and "The Sand Pebbles" (1966), with the latter garnering him the only Academy Award for Best Actor nomination of his career. In 1968, McQueen appeared as millionaire Thomas Crown in the crime film "The Thomas Crown Affair", and in the thriller "Bullitt" as the eponymous police detective Frank Bullitt. These films fared well at the box office, with the latter garnering acclaim for its stunt sequences, particularly the car chase. For his performance in "The Reivers" (1969), McQueen earned a third Golden Globe Award nomination.


title: Steve McQueen filmography

text: McQueen began the 1970s with the sports drama "Le Mans" (1971), a fictional take on the annual 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance races. The film was a critical and commercial disappointment, leaving him almost bankrupt. He followed it by starring in two back-to-back films under Sam Peckinpah: the western "Junior Bonner" (1972), where he featured as the titular character, a rodeo rider, and the action film "The Getaway" (1972), where he appears as an ex-conman who flees to Mexico with his wife after being double-crossed by his partners-in-crime. In the latter, he was paired opposite his second wife, Ali MacGraw. Both films were critically acclaimed. While "Junior Bonner" did not enjoy box office success, "The Getaway" went on to become one of the highest-grossing films of the year, marking a comeback for McQueen. The following year, he featured alongside Dustin Hoffman in the prison film "Papillon" playing Henri Charrière, a prisoner convicted of murder who makes an escape attempt with fellow convict Louis Dega (Hoffman). McQueen's performance earned him his fourth and final Golden Globe Award nomination in the Best Actor category. He then starred alongside Paul Newman as a SFFD chief in the disaster drama "The Towering Inferno" (1974). McQueen received $12 million for acting in the film, making him the highest-paid actor in the world up to that point. The film was commercially successful, grossing ($ in 2022) against a ($ in 2022) budget. After a four-year hiatus in which he focused on his motorcycle racing career, McQueen returned to acting when he was cast against type as a scientist in "An Enemy of the People". He completed two more films before his death: "Tom Horn" and "The Hunter" (both released in 1980).


title: Mirror (group)

text: Mirror (commonly stylised as MIRROR) is a Hong Kong Cantopop boy group formed through ViuTV's reality talent show "Good Night Show - King Maker" in 2018. The group consists of twelve members: Frankie Chan, Alton Wong, Lokman Yeung, Stanley Yau, Anson Kong, Jer Lau, Ian Chan, Anson Lo, Jeremy Lee, Edan Lui, Keung To, and Tiger Yau. They debuted on 3 November 2018 with the single "In a Second" (一秒間).


title: Mirror (group)

text: The group has won numerous accolades since their debut, including a Metro Radio Hit Music Award for Best Group, an Ultimate Song Chart Award for Group of the Year (Bronze), and Group of the Year (Gold) at the inaugural Chill Club Music Awards held by ViuTV. Mirror is considered one of the driving forces in the renewed interest of the Cantopop genre. Their 2020 single "Ignited" won Top Ten Song of the Year at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards and the Chill Club Music Awards. Their 2021 single "Warrior" topped the Ultimate 903 Chart for two weeks, the first song from a group to do so in 15 years.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Members of Mirror have also debuted individually, most notably Keung To, who won the Ultimate Song Chart Award for My Favourite Male Singer, and Jer Lau, who won the Best Newcomer Gold Prize. The members have also participated in various drama series, reality shows, and films.


title: Mirror (group)

text: In July 2018, ViuTV's reality talent competition "Good Night Show - King Maker" started scouting for potential artistes. 99 male contestants successfully auditioned for the show. Participants performed individually and in groups, with a panel of judges deciding who would advance to the next round. The finale aired live on 14 October 2018, with results decided by a public vote and a judging panel. Keung To won the competition, with Ian in second place, and Lokman in third. Anson Kong, Edan, Jeremy, and Stanley all made it to the top 10. ViuTV intended to form a boy group with the top 10 finalists and proceeded with contract talks.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Mirror officially debuted on 3 November 2018 with twelve members, with Ahfa Wong as the group's manager. According to the group's leader, Lokman, the name Mirror was chosen because "members look in the mirror every morning and see their real selves; when there are multiple mirrors, they can reflect infinite images; similarly, with infinite potential, the combination of these unique members would allow for unlimited possibilities." During the debut press conference, they performed their debut single "In a Second" ().


title: Mirror (group)

text: On 21 December 2018, they held their first live concert "2018 THE FIRST MIRROR LIVE CONCERT" at the Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre Star Hall. The tickets were sold from 15 November 2018 and all tickets were sold out. During the concert, apart from performing some original songs, they also performed Korean pop songs including "Love Song" and "Trouble Maker", although they expressed their preference of creating their unique renditions instead of going for a "K-pop feel".


title: Mirror (group)

text: Between January 2019 and November 2020, the group released five more singles, including "ASAP" (2019), "Broken Mirror" () (2019), first-year anniversary single "Reflection" (2019), "Ignited" (2020) and "One and All" (2020). "Ignited" won two awards at Hong Kong's major year-end music awards shows, including the Ultimate Song Chart Awards and the inaugural Chill Club Awards.


title: Mirror (group)

text: On 20 January 2021, the group released their debut studio album "One and All", comprising six group singles and fifteen solo songs released by the members in 2020. In March 2021, Mirror released their group single "Warrior", with the lyrics "vastly usher in another new century" () which has become a symbol of the group since. "Warrior" topped the Ultimate Song Chart for two consecutive weeks, breaking a 15 year record, and also charted number one on Metro Radio and RTHK.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Originally, Mirror had planned to hold a concert in 2020 to mark the second anniversary of their debut, but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The postponed concert was eventually announced to be held from 6 to 8 May 2021, titled "MIRROR "ONE AND ALL" LIVE 2021", at Kowloon Bay International Trade & Exhibition Centre - Star Hall. It was planned to be held at 50% capacity due to the social distancing policy at the time but was increased to 75% capacity after two weeks following government guidelines. Tickets were sold out within minutes on 25 March 2021 for 6 to 8 May, and three more shows from 9 to 11 May were added.


title: Mirror (group)

text: On 9 June 2021, "Boss" was released. "All In One" was released on November 3, 2021 to mark the group's third anniversary. On 22 December 2021, Mirror released a Christmas themed new single, "12".


title: Mirror (group)

text: In March 2022, Edan confirmed in an interview that Mirror would be headlining a concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum in Summer 2022. On April 26, they held a press conference announcing their concert "Mirror.We.Are Live Concert 2022" for ten shows, from 25 to 31 July, and 2 to 4 August. An extra two shows were added for 5 and 6 August, specifically for members of Mirror's fan club, MIRO. On 17 July, Mirror was invited to perform at the prestigious 40th Hong Kong Film Awards. On 22 July, "WE ARE" was released as the theme song for their concert.


title: Mirror (group)

text: On 28 July 2022, during the fourth of the twelve planned concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum, a large overhead video screen fell onto backup dancer, Moses “Mo” Li Kai-yin, 27, leaving him in critical condition. Li suffered serious damage to his nerves and remains in hospital, but his condition has improved overtime. The accident also left a second backup dancer injured, Chang Tsz-fung, who had injuries to his pelvis and cervical spine. The concert was immediately halted and organisers announced the cancellation of remaining concerts. Safety concerns had already been raised early on after dancer, Zisac Law Tak-chi, was reportedly injured during rehearsal, and member of Mirror, Frankie Chan, fell off stage two days prior to the accident.


title: Mirror (group)

text: The HKSAR Government has set up a task force to look into the matter. The Leisure and Cultural Services Department released the investigation report in November 2022.


title: Mirror (group)

text: On 10 October 2022, Mirror released new single, "We All Are", which marked their comeback after a two month hiatus.


title: Mirror (group)

text: The first television reality show based on Mirror is "Mirror Go", which aired from December 2018. In the show, members of the group played games in different parts of Hong Kong, including Ocean Park and Wu Kwai Sha Youth Village, while other episodes were filmed in Macau, Thailand and South Korea. Lokman said that the show was intended to resemble the South Korean programme "Running Man", to provide members with opportunities to overcome challenges, live under the same roof and bond with each other as a group. The second season of the show, "Mirror Go 2" released in May 2019. In every episode, a group of two members embarked on different missions, while others had to answer questions based on the footage of these missions. For the last 10 minutes of each episode, two members would partner with a fan and compete against each other in a series of Q&A. In 2021, all members of Mirror participated in ViuTV's game show "Battle Feel" () against ViuTV's other boy group Error, hosted by Kitty Yuen, Dixon Wong and Edan. In early April 2021, the group took part in a variety show titled "Be A Better Mirror" () with actor-director and the show aired from early June 2021 on ViuTV.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Members of the group have also participated in various television drama series aired on ViuTV. The first television drama with a member of Mirror as part of the main cast was "Retire to Queen". Starring Keung To, the television drama aired between June and July 2019. He collaborated with Flora King in the drama. In 2020, a volleyball drama titled "We are the Littles" () aired on ViuTV. It is the first television drama that starred all members of Mirror, with seven of them composing the main cast, including Ian, Anson Lo, Edan, Jer, Tiger, Alton and Jeremy. The other main casts include Stephy Tang and members of boy group Error, while other members of Mirror appeared in guest roles. In "Audience at the Folk TV Awards 2020" (), which was open to public voting, the drama was nominated for various categories and won Best Drama, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. Anson Lo won Best Supporting Actor as Bobby in the drama. In June 2021, Edan, Anson Lo, and Stanley starred in the Hong Kong adaptation of the Japanese series "Ossan's Love" with actor Kenny Wong. "Ossan's Love" became ViuTV's highest-rated original television series.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Mirror, both individually and as a group, have acquired numerous endorsement deals in various industries throughout their career. They have collaborated with Gucci, Burberry, and Giorgio Armani, and endorsed cosmetics brands such as Shiseido, NARS Cosmetics, Charlotte Tilbury, Laura Mercier, and Estée. They are popular figures in the food industry, endorsing brands such as Häagen-Dazs, Vita, Nestlé, Deliveroo, and Coca Cola. In 2021, three members of Mirror collaborated with McDonald's to release the Hong Kong-exclusive "Keung B Meal", headlined by Keung To. Anson Lo and Ian collaborated with the Hong Kong Tourism Board to promote local attractions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. In August 2021, Samsung Hong Kong announced Mirror as its ambassador for the Galaxy Z Fold3 5G and Z Flip3 5G smartphones.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Mirror have been described by local and international media as "the new kings of Cantopop", and a "Cantopop phenomenon". They are credited for reviving the Cantopop genre, which had been slowly declining since the 2000s. Mirror's appeal in Hong Kong transcends demographics, and the group is regarded as a "symbol of hope" in a city struggling with political upheaval and the COVID-19 pandemic. Luisa Tam from the "South China Morning Post" described Mirror as "the latest icon to represent Hong Kong pride", which the city has not seen since the deaths of Cantopop icons Leslie Cheung and Anita Mui in 2003. "New York Times" reported that there were faces of the group members on "ads for everything". A tongue-in-cheek Facebook group called "My Wife Married Mirror and Left My Marriage In Ruins" gained 300,000 members, more than double the followers count on the official Facebook page. In 2022, Mirror was listed on "Tatler Asia's" Most Influential.


title: Mirror (group)

text: Mirror has received multiple awards since its debut. The first major group award won by Mirror was "Diamond New Artist", "Diamond Popular Idol" and "Diamond Dance Song" at AEG Music Channel Award 2018 on 27 January 2019. After that, in 2020, the group won the silver prize of "Best prospect award" at the 42nd RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards. The gold prize was won by Keung To, a member of the group.


title: Mirror (group)

text: In December 2020, Mirror won Madden Group at Metro Radio Hits Music Awards Presentation 2020, and members of the group won Madden Popular Idol and Madden New Artist. On 1 January 2021 at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation, Mirror won Ultimate Group Bronze Prize. Keung To won "My Favourite Male Singer" at the ceremony. In the same month of January 2021, Yahoo! Asia Buzz Awards 2020 awarded Mirror Local Music Group Award, together with RubberBand and Dear Jane. On 18 April 2021, at the inaugural Chill Club Chart Award Presentation, Mirror won Group of the Year and Ten Songs of the Year for the group song "Ignited".


title: Mirror (group)

text: On 1 January 2022, Mirror won My Favourite Group and the Ultimate Group Silver Prize at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation 2021. Their single "BOSS" won Top 10 Songs - Number 2 at the same awards show.


title: The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth

text: The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth is an indie roguelike video game designed by Edmund McMillen and developed and published by Nicalis. "Rebirth" was released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita in November 2014, for Xbox One, New Nintendo 3DS and Wii U in July 2015, for iOS in January 2017 and for Nintendo Switch in March 2017. The PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S versions were released in November 2021.


title: The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth

text: "Rebirth" is a remake of "The Binding of Isaac", which was developed by McMillen and Florian Himsl and released in 2011 as an Adobe Flash application. This platform had limitations and led McMillen to work with Nicalis to produce "Rebirth" with a more advanced game engine, which in turn enabled the substantial addition of new content and gameplay features. Three expansions have been released. "Afterbirth" and "Afterbirth+", in October 2015 and January 2017, respectively, with more game content and gameplay modes; "Afterbirth+" also added support for user-created content. The third and final expansion, "Repentance", was released in March 2021.


title: The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth

text: Similar to the original "Binding of Isaac", the plot is based on the biblical story of the same name and was inspired by McMillen's religious upbringing. The player controls the eponymous Isaac, a young boy whose mother, convinced that she is doing God's work, strips him of everything and locks him in his room. When Isaac's mother is about to sacrifice him, he escapes to the basement and fights through random, roguelike dungeons. The player defeats monsters, using Isaac's tears as projectiles, and collects items which modify his appearance, attributes, and abilities, potentially creating powerful combinations. Unlike the game's predecessor, "Rebirth" has a limited multiplayer mode, allowing an additional player in "Rebirth", later increased to three additional players in "Afterbirth" and "Afterbirth+". Full co-op support was added to "Repentance", where up to four players are able to play as any of the playable characters.