title: The Man Show

text: Rogan continued to host "Fear Factor" for three more years after "The Man Show" was cancelled and eventually became color commentator for the Ultimate Fighting Championship, with which he has been associated since its early days. He also continues to tour as a standup comedian and began a podcast in 2012, eventually featuring influential in-depth interviews that frequently run three hours. Stanhope continues to perform philosophical standup comedy, hosts a podcast in Arizona, and remains one of Rogan's most frequent podcast guests.


title: The Man Show

text: In 2012, for the season 4, episode 29 of "Tosh.0", titled "Virgin Trampoline Jumper", Daniel Tosh revisited "The Man Show" with hosts Joe Rogan and Doug Stanhope, in which they made the claim that the show still gets filmed. The hosts gave advice for a man who was 37 and still a virgin; they then set him up with a Juggy Girl.


title: The Man Show

text: In October 2017, several clips from the series began to resurface, including clips of Kimmel's impersonations of Karl Malone. It wasn't until June 2020 that Kimmel issued an apology for the Karl Malone sketches in the wake of the George Floyd protests. "There is nothing more important to me than your respect, and I apologize to those who were genuinely hurt or offended by the makeup I wore or the words I spoke," Kimmel said in a statement, adding that he never realized that it could be viewed as more than "an imitation of a human being."


title: The Man Show

text: In the late 2000s, reruns of "The Man Show" aired on G4TV weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET and 10:30 p.m. ET, and on Saturdays at 12:00 a.m. ET. It was originally thought that the Rogan-Stanhope-era episodes would not be shown because the commercials referred to the syndicated episodes as "the way Jimmy and Adam made it". However, Canadian channel mentv included the Rogan/Stanhope episodes in its schedule. G4TV also aired the Rogan-Stanhope episodes, but only a few times.


title: The Man Show

text: A Norwegian version of "The Man Show" was aired on TV 2 Zebra in 2006 and 2007, and ran its third season in 2008.


title: The Man Show

text: In Denmark, there was a version called "Penislægens værksted" ("The Penis-doctors workshop") on TV2-Zulu.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: The Bridge is an American crime drama television series, developed by Meredith Stiehm and Elwood Reid, that was broadcast on the FX network, and based on the Danish-Swedish series "Bron/Broen". The series stars Diane Kruger and Demián Bichir in leading roles, and co-stars Ted Levine, Annabeth Gish, Thomas M. Wright, Matthew Lillard and Emily Rios in supporting roles. The complete series consists of two seasons of 13 episodes each. The series debuted on FX in the United States on July 10, 2013, and the series finale aired on October 1, 2014. The show was developed both in English and Spanish languages.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: The American version takes place on the U.S. and Mexican border where a murdered body on a bridge between El Paso and Juárez (the Bridge of the Americas) bring together El Paso detective Sonya Cross (Kruger) who is mentored by Hank Wade (Levine) and Chihuahua State police detective Marco Ruiz (Bichir). The story parallels the investigation by "El Paso Times" reporters Daniel Frye (Lillard) and Adriana Mendez (Rios). The series was a critical success and received positive reviews throughout its run. After the first season maintained a modest audience that dropped by 42 percent by the second, the series was not renewed for a third season.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: "The Bridge" follows two police detectives – one Mexican, one from the U.S. – and their joint effort to capture a serial killer who is operating in both countries when an American judge known for anti-immigration views is found dead on the bridge connecting El Paso, Texas, with Juárez, Mexico, menacing both nations along the Texas–Chihuahua border. Detective Sonya Cross, of the El Paso Police Department, works with Chihuahua State Police Detective Marco Ruiz, who knows about the slippery politics of Mexican law enforcement. Ruiz's whatever-it-takes approach doesn't sit well with Cross, who has undisclosed Asperger's syndrome or a similar autism spectrum disorder and a by-the-book attitude when it comes to the job. But the two put their differences aside to solve a string of murders on the border, which is already infected with issues that include illegal immigration, drug trafficking, violence and prostitution. Their investigation is complicated by the rampant corruption and general apathy among the Mexican authorities and the violence of the powerful borderland drug cartels. The show title refers to the Bridge of the Americas that serves as a border crossing between El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, where the series is set.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: FX ordered the series' pilot episode in July 2012. Shooting for the pilot took place on location in the El Paso area and wrapped in December 2012. Critically acclaimed director Gerardo Naranjo, best known for 2011's "Miss Bala", directed the pilot.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: Work on the remaining twelve season one episodes began in early April 2013. Meredith Stiehm, creator of "Cold Case", and Elwood Reid served as the series' executive producers and head writers. The show was co-produced by Shine America and FX Productions for FX. Alex Plank of Wrong Planet served as the consultant for Sonya's Asperger syndrome.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: Shine America wanted Stiehm to begin the series on the Ambassador Bridge connecting Detroit and Windsor, Ontario, in order to mirror the original series' winter setting. However, Stiehm and Reid successfully argued to set their version in El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez at the Bridge of the Americas.


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: In September 2013, the series was renewed for a second season of 13 episodes. After the first season, co-developer Meredith Stiehm departed the series to rejoin the writing staff of her previous TV series, "Homeland", leaving Elwood Reid as the sole showrunner for the second season. Also, Matthew Lillard and Emily Rios, who had recurring roles in the first season, were promoted to series regulars for the second season. The series was canceled after two seasons. John Solberg, FX's Executive Vice President of Communications, said, "FX will not be moving forward with a third season of "The Bridge". Creatively we're very proud of what we done. But this came down to the numbers, and they just weren't there."


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the first season scored 77 out of 100, based on 37 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 90% rating based on 42 reviews at an average score of 8 out of 10, with the consensus "A seductive crime drama, "The Bridge" draws viewers in with culturally conscious themes that combine intelligent mystery and spellbinding drama." Chuck Barney from the "San Jose Mercury News" gave "The Bridge" its highest praise, saying: "FX may have struck dramatic gold again. This series is mesmerizing. It sucks you in like a good book and has you yearning for more." Alan Sepinwall wrote, "With these characters, with this fascinating, complicated place – and one that's at the forefront of so much of what we're talking about in real world politics... "The Bridge" is off to such an outstanding start."


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: Maureen Ryan from "The Huffington Post" commented: "Mismatched cops forced to work together is one of the oldest TV tropes in the book, but "The Bridge" builds such a realistic, detailed world around the detectives here that the dynamic is often fresh." "The Hollywood Reporter"s Tim Goodman called the series "mandatory viewing for drama lovers", adding, "but it will be interesting to see where the writers take it and whether they have the big-league ability to make the evident potential materialize. One thing they've hopefully learned is that sometimes holding back information isn't mysterious, it's just confusing." Robert Bianco from "USA Today" thought there was "rich ground to explore in the problems Mexico faces and the responsibility we may bear for some of them", adding "but the show's clumsy attempt to boil that down to a catchphrase is offensive and silly, particularly as it has no real connection to the story being told."


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: The second season received a Metacritic score of 67 out of 100, based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes the second season received an 86% rating based on 21 reviews at an average score of 7.5 out of 10 and the consensus reads, "Thanks to beautiful cinematography and unique, captivating characters, "The Bridge" is a chilling murder mystery, even if it meanders slightly." Alan Sepinwall writing for "HitFix" hugely praised the season saying, "It's a show with a much stronger command of its subject matter and awareness of its own strengths and weaknesses–even as "The Bridge" still seems to be stuck in that nebulous border region separating the pretty good from the genuinely great. Maureen Ryan of "The Huffington Post" also gave a positive review, "It moves along with purpose and energy, but it's often at its best when finding colorful details and or allowing small, telling moments to breathe."


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: "New York Post" reviewer Robert Rorke called the show "unique" and wrote, "Drug cartels, a room of shrink-wrapped bills (worth $60 million), body bags and buckets of blood are just some of the intriguing elements in this uniquely Mexican-American drama, where the layers of corruption on both sides of the border seem impenetrable." Mike Hale of "The New York Times" gave a mixed to positive review saying, ""The Bridge" still feels like a show caught between two masters. It has a lot of the pieces it needs to actually be a compelling murder mystery–some good performances in key roles; an evocative, sun-blasted look; and an ability (presumably Mr. Reid's) to concoct creepy, suspenseful scenes. Yet we're still waiting for it all to come together."


title: The Bridge (2013 TV series)

text: In June 2013, the series was honored, along with five others, with the Critics' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series. The pilot episode of the series received the 2013 Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Television: Long Form – Dialogue & ADR from the Motion Picture Sound Editors society. The series won a 2013 Peabody Award, which noted that "its rare, non-stereotypical depiction of two cultures rubbing against and informing each other is as fascinating as the mystery."


title: Schmitt trigger

text: In electronics, a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying positive feedback to the noninverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal. The circuit is named a "trigger" because the output retains its value until the input changes sufficiently to trigger a change. In the non-inverting configuration, when the input is higher than a chosen threshold, the output is high. When the input is below a different (lower) chosen threshold the output is low, and when the input is between the two levels the output retains its value. This dual threshold action is called "hysteresis" and implies that the Schmitt trigger possesses memory and can act as a bistable multivibrator (latch or flip-flop). There is a close relation between the two kinds of circuits: a Schmitt trigger can be converted into a latch and a latch can be converted into a Schmitt trigger.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Schmitt trigger devices are typically used in signal conditioning applications to remove noise from signals used in digital circuits, particularly mechanical contact bounce in switches. They are also used in closed loop negative feedback configurations to implement relaxation oscillators, used in function generators and switching power supplies.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The Schmitt trigger was invented by American scientist Otto H. Schmitt in 1934 while he was a graduate student, later described in his doctoral dissertation (1937) as a "thermionic trigger". It was a direct result of Schmitt's study of the neural impulse propagation in squid nerves.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Circuits with hysteresis are based on positive feedback. Any active circuit can be made to behave as a Schmitt trigger by applying a positive feedback so that the loop gain is more than one. The positive feedback is introduced by adding a part of the output voltage to the input voltage. These circuits contain an attenuator (the B box in the figure on the right) and an adder (the circle with "+" inside) in addition to an amplifier acting as a comparator. There are three specific techniques for implementing this general idea. The first two of them are dual versions (series and parallel) of the general positive feedback system. In these configurations, the output voltage increases the effective difference input voltage of the comparator by 'decreasing the threshold' or by 'increasing the circuit input voltage'; the threshold and memory properties are incorporated in one element. In the third technique, the threshold and memory properties are separated.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Dynamic threshold (series feedback): when the input voltage crosses the threshold in some direction the circuit itself changes its own threshold to the opposite direction. For this purpose, it subtracts a part of its output voltage from the threshold (it is equal to adding voltage to the input voltage). Thus the output affects the threshold and does not impact on the input voltage. These circuits are implemented by a differential amplifier with 'series positive feedback' where the input is connected to the inverting input and the output - to the non-inverting input. In this arrangement, attenuation and summation are separated: a voltage divider acts as an attenuator and the loop acts as a simple series voltage summer. Examples are the classic transistor emitter-coupled Schmitt trigger, the op-amp inverting Schmitt trigger, etc.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Modified input voltage (parallel feedback): when the input voltage crosses the threshold in some direction the circuit changes its input voltage in the same direction (now it adds a part of its output voltage directly to the input voltage). Thus the output augments the input voltage and does not affect the threshold. These circuits can be implemented by a single-ended non-inverting amplifier with 'parallel positive feedback' where the input and the output sources are connected through resistors to the input. The two resistors form a weighted parallel summer incorporating both the attenuation and summation. Examples are the less familiar collector-base coupled Schmitt trigger, the op-amp non-inverting Schmitt trigger, etc.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Some circuits and elements exhibiting negative resistance can also act in a similar way: negative impedance converters (NIC), neon lamps, tunnel diodes (e.g., a diode with an "N"-shaped current–voltage characteristic in the first quadrant), etc. In the last case, an oscillating input will cause the diode to move from one rising leg of the "N" to the other and back again as the input crosses the rising and falling switching thresholds.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Two different unidirectional thresholds are assigned in this case to two separate open-loop comparators (without hysteresis) driving a bistable multivibrator (latch) or flip-flop. The trigger is toggled high when the input voltage crosses down to up the high threshold and low when the input voltage crosses up to down the low threshold. Again, there is a positive feedback but now it is concentrated only in the memory cell. Examples are the 555 timer and the switch debounce circuit.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The symbol for Schmitt triggers in circuit diagrams is a triangle with a symbol inside representing its ideal hysteresis curve.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The original Schmitt trigger is based on the dynamic threshold idea that is implemented by a voltage divider with a switchable upper leg (the collector resistors R and R) and a steady lower leg (R). Q1 acts as a comparator with a differential input (Q1 base-emitter junction) consisting of an inverting (Q1 base) and a non-inverting (Q1 emitter) inputs. The input voltage is applied to the inverting input; the output voltage of the voltage divider is applied to the non-inverting input thus determining its threshold. The comparator output drives the second common collector stage Q2 (an "emitter follower") through the voltage divider R-R. The emitter-coupled transistors Q1 and Q2 actually compose an electronic double throw switch that switches over the upper legs of the voltage divider and changes the threshold in a different (to the input voltage) direction.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: This configuration can be considered as a differential amplifier with series positive feedback between its non-inverting input (Q2 base) and output (Q1 collector) that forces the transition process. There is also a smaller negative feedback introduced by the emitter resistor R. To make the positive feedback dominate over the negative one and to obtain a hysteresis, the proportion between the two collector resistors is chosen R > R. Thus less current flows through and less voltage drop is across R when Q1 is switched on than in the case when Q2 is switched on. As a result, the circuit has two different thresholds in regard to ground (V in the image).


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Initial state. For the NPN transistors shown on the right, imagine the input voltage is below the shared emitter voltage (high threshold for concreteness) so that Q1 base-emitter junction is reverse-biased and Q1 does not conduct. The Q2 base voltage is determined by the mentioned divider so that Q2 is conducting and the trigger output is in the low state. The two resistors R and R form another voltage divider that determines the high threshold. Neglecting V, the high threshold value is approximately


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The output voltage is low but well above ground. It is approximately equal to the high threshold and may not be low enough to be a logical zero for next digital circuits. This may require additional shifting circuit following the trigger circuit.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Crossing up the high threshold. When the input voltage (Q1 base voltage) rises slightly above the voltage across the emitter resistor R (the high threshold), Q1 begins conducting. Its collector voltage goes down and Q2 begins going cut-off, because the voltage divider now provides lower Q2 base voltage. The common emitter voltage follows this change and goes down thus making Q1 conduct more. The current begins steering from the right leg of the circuit to the left one. Although Q1 is more conducting, it passes less current through R (since R > R); the emitter voltage continues dropping and the effective Q1 base-emitter voltage continuously increases. This avalanche-like process continues until Q1 becomes completely turned on (saturated) and Q2 turned off. The trigger is transitioned to the high state and the output (Q2 collector) voltage is close to V+. Now, the two resistors R and R form a voltage divider that determines the low threshold. Its value is approximately


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Crossing down the low threshold. With the trigger now in the high state, if the input voltage lowers enough (below the low threshold), Q1 begins cutting-off. Its collector current reduces; as a result, the shared emitter voltage lowers slightly and Q1 collector voltage rises significantly. The R-R voltage divider conveys this change to the Q2 base voltage and it begins conducting. The voltage across R rises, further reducing the Q1 base-emitter potential in the same avalanche-like manner, and Q1 ceases to conduct. Q2 becomes completely turned on (saturated) and the output voltage becomes low again.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Non-inverting circuit. The classic non-inverting Schmitt trigger can be turned into an inverting trigger by taking V from the emitters instead of from a Q2 collector. In this configuration, the output voltage is equal to the dynamic threshold (the shared emitter voltage) and both the output levels stay away from the supply rails. Another disadvantage is that the load changes the thresholds so, it has to be high enough. The base resistor R is obligatory to prevent the impact of the input voltage through Q1 base-emitter junction on the emitter voltage.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Direct-coupled circuit. To simplify the circuit, the R–R voltage divider can be omitted connecting Q1 collector directly to Q2 base. The base resistor R can be omitted as well so that the input voltage source drives directly Q1's base. In this case, the common emitter voltage and Q1 collector voltage are not suitable for outputs. Only Q2 collector should be used as an output since, when the input voltage exceeds the high threshold and Q1 saturates, its base-emitter junction is forward biased and transfers the input voltage variations directly to the emitters. As a result, the common emitter voltage and Q1 collector voltage follow the input voltage. This situation is typical for over-driven transistor differential amplifiers and ECL gates.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Like every latch, the fundamental collector-base coupled bistable circuit possesses a hysteresis. So, it can be converted to a Schmitt trigger by connecting an additional base resistor R to one of the inputs (Q1 base in the figure). The two resistors R and R form a parallel voltage summer (the circle in the block diagram above) that sums output (Q2 collector) voltage and the input voltage, and drives the single-ended transistor "comparator" Q1. When the base voltage crosses the threshold (V ∞ 0.65 V) in some direction, a part of Q2's collector voltage is added in the same direction to the input voltage. Thus the output modifies the input voltage by means of parallel positive feedback and does not affect the threshold (the base-emitter voltage).


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The emitter-coupled version has the advantage that the input transistor is reverse biased when the input voltage is quite below the high threshold so the transistor is surely cut-off. It was important when germanium transistors were used for implementing the circuit and this advantage has determined its popularity. The input base resistor can be omitted since the emitter resistor limits the current when the input base-emitter junction is forward-biased.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: An emitter-coupled Schmitt trigger "logical zero" output level may not be low enough and might need an additional output shifting circuit. The collector-coupled Schmitt trigger has extremely low (almost zero) output at "logical zero".


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Schmitt triggers are commonly implemented using an operational amplifier or a dedicated comparator. An open-loop op-amp and comparator may be considered as an analog-digital device having analog inputs and a digital output that extracts the sign of the voltage difference between its two inputs. The positive feedback is applied by adding a part of the output voltage to the input voltage in series or parallel manner. Due to the extremely high op-amp gain, the loop gain is also high enough and provides the avalanche-like process.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: In this circuit, the two resistors R and R form a parallel voltage summer. It adds a part of the output voltage to the input voltage thus augmenting it during and after switching that occurs when the resulting voltage is near ground. This "parallel positive feedback" creates the needed hysteresis that is controlled by the proportion between the resistances of R and R. The output of the parallel voltage summer is single-ended (it produces voltage with respect to ground) so the circuit does not need an amplifier with a differential input. Since conventional op-amps have a differential input, the inverting input is grounded to make the reference point zero volts.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The output voltage always has the same sign as the "op-amp input voltage" but it does not always have the same sign as the "circuit input voltage" (the signs of the two input voltages can differ). When the circuit input voltage is above the high threshold or below the low threshold, the output voltage has the same sign as the "circuit input voltage" (the circuit is non-inverting). It acts like a comparator that switches at a different point depending on whether the output of the comparator is high or low. When the circuit input voltage is between the thresholds, the output voltage is undefined and it depends on the last state (the circuit behaves as an elementary latch).


title: Schmitt trigger

text: For instance, if the Schmitt trigger is currently in the high state, the output will be at the positive power supply rail (+V). The output voltage V of the resistive summer can be found by applying the superposition theorem:


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The comparator will switch when V=0. Then formula_4 (the same result can be obtained by applying the current conservation principle). So formula_5 must drop below formula_6 to get the output to switch. Once the comparator output has switched to −"V", the threshold becomes formula_7 to switch back to high. So this circuit creates a switching band centered on zero, with trigger levels formula_8 (it can be shifted to the left or the right by applying a bias voltage to the inverting input). The input voltage must rise above the top of the band, and then below the bottom of the band, for the output to switch on (plus) and then back off (minus). If "R" is zero or "R" is infinity (i.e., an open circuit), the band collapses to zero width, and it behaves as a standard comparator. The transfer characteristic is shown in the picture on the left. The value of the threshold "T" is given by formula_9 and the maximum value of the output "M" is the power supply rail.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: A unique property of circuits with parallel positive feedback is the impact on the input source. In circuits with negative parallel feedback (e.g., an inverting amplifier), the virtual ground at the inverting input separates the input source from the op-amp output. Here there is no virtual ground, and the steady op-amp output voltage is applied through R-R network to the input source. The op-amp output passes an opposite current through the input source (it injects current into the source when the input voltage is positive and it draws current from the source when it is negative).


title: Schmitt trigger

text: A practical Schmitt trigger with precise thresholds is shown in the figure on the right. The transfer characteristic has exactly the same shape of the previous basic configuration, and the threshold values are the same as well. On the other hand, in the previous case, the output voltage was depending on the power supply, while now it is defined by the Zener diodes (which could also be replaced with a single double-anode Zener diode). In this configuration, the output levels can be modified by appropriate choice of Zener diode, and these levels are resistant to power supply fluctuations (i.e., they increase the PSRR of the comparator). The resistor "R" is there to limit the current through the diodes, and the resistor "R" minimizes the input voltage offset caused by the comparator's input leakage currents (see "limitations of real op-amps").


title: Schmitt trigger

text: In the inverting version, the attenuation and summation are separated. The two resistors R and R act only as a "pure" attenuator (voltage divider). The input loop acts as a series voltage summer that adds a part of the output voltage in series to the circuit input voltage. This "series positive feedback" creates the needed hysteresis that is controlled by the proportion between the resistances of R and the whole resistance (R and R). The effective voltage applied to the op-amp input is floating so the op-amp must have a differential input.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The circuit is named "inverting" since the output voltage always has an opposite sign to the input voltage when it is out of the hysteresis cycle (when the input voltage is above the high threshold or below the low threshold). However, if the input voltage is within the hysteresis cycle (between the high and low thresholds), the circuit can be inverting as well as non-inverting. The output voltage is undefined and it depends on the last state so the circuit behaves like an elementary latch.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: To compare the two versions, the circuit operation will be considered at the same conditions as above. If the Schmitt trigger is currently in the high state, the output will be at the positive power supply rail (+V). The output voltage V of the voltage divider is:


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The comparator will switch when V = V. So formula_5 must exceed above this voltage to get the output to switch. Once the comparator output has switched to −"V", the threshold becomes formula_12 to switch back to high. So this circuit creates a switching band centered on zero, with trigger levels formula_13 (it can be shifted to the left or the right by connecting R to a bias voltage). The input voltage must rise above the top of the band, and then below the bottom of the band, for the output to switch off (minus) and then back on (plus). If "R" is zero (i.e., a short circuit) or "R" is infinity, the band collapses to zero width, and it behaves as a standard comparator.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: In contrast with the parallel version, this circuit does not impact on the input source since the source is separated from the voltage divider output by the high op-amp input differential impedance.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: In the inverting amplifier voltage drop across resistor (R1) decides the reference voltages i.e.,upper threshold voltage (V+) and lower threshold voltages (V-) for the comparison with input signal applied. These voltages are fixed as the output voltage and resistor values are fixed.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: so by changing the drop across (R1) threshold voltages can be varied. By adding a bias voltage in series with resistor (R1) drop across it can be varied, which can change threshold voltages. Desired values of reference voltages can be obtained by varying bias voltage.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Schmitt triggers are typically used in open loop configurations for noise immunity and closed loop configurations to implement function generators.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: One application of a Schmitt trigger is to increase the noise immunity in a circuit with only a single input threshold. With only one input threshold, a noisy input signal near that threshold could cause the output to switch rapidly back and forth from noise alone. A noisy Schmitt Trigger input signal near one threshold can cause only one switch in output value, after which it would have to move beyond the other threshold in order to cause another switch.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: For example, an amplified infrared photodiode may generate an electric signal that switches frequently between its absolute lowest value and its absolute highest value. This signal is then low-pass filtered to form a smooth signal that rises and falls corresponding to the relative amount of time the switching signal is on and off. That filtered output passes to the input of a Schmitt trigger. The net effect is that the output of the Schmitt trigger only passes from low to high after a received infrared signal excites the photodiode for longer than some known period, and once the Schmitt trigger is high, it only moves low after the infrared signal ceases to excite the photodiode for longer than a similar known period. Whereas the photodiode is prone to spurious switching due to noise from the environment, the delay added by the filter and Schmitt trigger ensures that the output only switches when there is certainly an input stimulating the device.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Schmitt triggers are common in many switching circuits for similar reasons (e.g., for switch debouncing).


title: Schmitt trigger

text: The following 7400 series devices include a Schmitt trigger on their input(s): (see List of 7400-series integrated circuits)


title: Schmitt trigger

text: A number of 4000 series devices include a Schmitt trigger on their inputs(s): (see List of 4000-series integrated circuits)


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Schmitt input configurable single-gate chips: (see List of 7400-series integrated circuits#One gate chips)


title: Schmitt trigger

text: A Schmitt trigger is a bistable multivibrator, and it can be used to implement another type of multivibrator, the relaxation oscillator. This is achieved by connecting a single RC integrating circuit between the output and the input of an inverting Schmitt trigger. The output will be a continuous square wave whose frequency depends on the values of R and C, and the threshold points of the Schmitt trigger. Since multiple Schmitt trigger circuits can be provided by a single integrated circuit (e.g. the 4000 series CMOS device type 40106 contains 6 of them), a spare section of the IC can be quickly pressed into service as a simple and reliable oscillator with only two external components.


title: Schmitt trigger

text: Here, a comparator-based Schmitt trigger is used in its inverting configuration. Additionally, slow negative feedback is added with an integrating RC network. The result, which is shown on the right, is that the output automatically oscillates from "V" to "V" as the capacitor charges from one Schmitt trigger threshold to the other.


title: Veronique Peck

text: Veronique Peck ("née" Passani; February 5, 1932 – August 17, 2012) was a French-American arts patron, philanthropist, and journalist. She was married to actor, political activist, and philanthropist Gregory Peck from 1955 until his death in 2003.


title: Veronique Peck

text: Veronique Passani was born in Paris, France; her mother was an artist and writer, while her father was an architect. She began her career as a journalist for "France Soir", a French daily newspaper, and met Gregory Peck while conducting an interview for "France Soir" in 1953. The couple married on December 31, 1955, shortly after Peck's divorce from his first wife, Greta Kukkonen.


title: Veronique Peck

text: Peck became a well-known philanthropist in Greater Los Angeles. She and her husband raised approximately $50 million for the American Cancer Society during the 1960s. The "Los Angeles Times" named her "Woman of the Year" in 1967. She also co-founded the Inner City Cultural Center, a theater group composed of members from different ethnic backgrounds, and the Los Angeles Music Center. Peck became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1976.


title: Veronique Peck

text: Shortly after Gregory Peck's death in 2003, Peck took control of the Gregory Peck Reading Series. The series raises money on behalf of the Los Angeles Public Library through the collaboration of celebrities. She had become friends with author Harper Lee while her husband was filming "To Kill a Mockingbird". In 2005, Peck convinced the normally reclusive Lee to accept the Los Angeles Public Library Literary Award in person. Peck and her family attended a private White House screening of "To Kill a Mockingbird" in 2012 with President Barack Obama to mark what would have been her late husband's 96th birthday.


title: Veronique Peck

text: Veronique Peck died of a heart ailment at her home in Los Angeles, California on August 17, 2012, at the age of 80. She was survived by her daughter filmmaker Cecilia Peck, son Anthony Peck, three grandchildren, and her brother, Dr. Cornelius Passani.


title: HackerRank

text: HackerRank is a technology company that focuses on competitive programming challenges for both consumers and businesses. Developers compete by writing programs according to provided specifications. HackerRank's programming challenges can be solved in a variety of programming languages (including Java, C++, PHP, Python, SQL, JavaScript) and span multiple computer science domains.


title: HackerRank

text: HackerRank categorizes most of their programming challenges into a number of core computer science domains, including the management of databases, mathematics, artificial intelligence, among other subjects.


title: HackerRank

text: When a programmer submits a solution to a programming challenge, their submission is scored on the accuracy of their output. Programmers are then ranked globally on the HackerRank leaderboard and earn badges based on their accomplishments, which is intended to drive competition among users. In addition to individual coding challenges, HackerRank also hosts contests (often referred to by HackerRank as "CodeSprints") where users compete on the same programming challenges during a set period of time and are then ranked at the conclusion of the event. HackerRank is part of the growing gamification trend within competitive computer programming. The consumer-side of their website is free for coders to use.


title: HackerRank

text: HackerRank was founded as InterviewStreet Inc. by two NIT Trichy alumni Vivek Ravisankar and Hari Karunanidhi. HackerRank is a Y Combinator-backed company, and was the first Indian company accepted into Y Combinator. They also participated in TechCrunch Disrupt in 2012, and currently have venture capital backing from Khosla Ventures and Battery Ventures.


title: HackerRank

text: In July 2015, HackerRank received $7.5 million funding from a Japanese firm Recruit Holdings’ HR technology fund. On February 13, 2018 HackerRank announced they had raised $30 million in Series C funding, led by JMI Equity.


title: HackerRank

text: In December 2019, HackerRank acquired Mimir, a cloud-based service that provides tools for teaching computer science courses. Mimir is used by Google and some universities including Michigan State, UCLA, Oregon State and Purdue. Mimir is HackerRank’s first acquisition.


title: HackerRank

text: Their enterprise-side product, HackerRank for Work, is a subscription service that aims to help companies source, screen, and hire engineers and other technical roles. The product is intended to allow technical recruiters to use programming challenges to test candidates on their specific programming skills and better understand their qualification for a certain role. Candidate's challenges, once submitted, are auto-scored and the results are then provided to the technical recruiter for review. In addition to screening, HackerRank also hosts programming hackathons, referred to as CodeSprints, as a way for companies to source technical candidates. HackerRank’s customers include Yahoo!, Quora, and Amazon.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: "Invasion!" is the third Arrowverse crossover event, with episodes of the television series "The Flash", "Arrow" and "Legends of Tomorrow" on The CW, and is inspired by the 1989 comic miniseries "Invasion!". Events at the end of the "Supergirl" episode "Medusa" on November 28, 2016, marked the beginning of the crossover, which began on November 29 with "The Flash", continued on "Arrow" on November 30, and concluded on "Legends of Tomorrow" on December 1. Each of the main three episodes were titled "Invasion!". In the crossover, Barry Allen recruits Kara Danvers / Supergirl from Earth-38 to Earth-1 to help his team, Oliver Queen and his team, and the Legends to defeat the alien race known as the Dominators.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Development of a crossover between the three series and "Supergirl" began in May 2016, when it was learned that "Supergirl" would move to The CW from CBS for its second season. By the following September the scripts for each episode were written, and were filmed in October 2016. The premise and episode titles were also announced in September. In "Invasion!", the main cast members of each series appear in (at least) their own series; Melissa Benoist appears as Supergirl in the entire crossover. A number of actors and characters from previous "Arrow" seasons returned to reprise their roles, since "Arrow"s episode doubled as its 100th.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: The three episodes of the crossover received positive reviews, with critics praising the interaction among the actors in each series and each episode's advancing season storylines as part of the crossover. The Dominators storyline was regarded as its weakest link, with reviewers finding the alien race's motivations unclear. Ratings for the episodes were high, with each breaking records in viewership and the 18–49 rating and contributing to the most-watched week on The CW in six years. A fourth crossover, "Crisis on Earth-X", occurred the following year.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Barry Allen investigates a meteor crash outside Central City, which turns out to be a spaceship from which aliens emerge. Lyla Michaels tells the team that the aliens are known as the Dominators, and that they had landed on Earth during the 1950s, but mysteriously departed. Barry assembles the original members of Team Arrow, Thea Queen, the Legends, and Kara Danvers, Supergirl of Earth-38. The team begins training at a S.T.A.R. Labs facility, sparring with Supergirl to prepare for the aliens. Kara struggles to earn Oliver Queen's trust, and Cisco Ramon finds and reveals a message Barry's future self sent to Rip Hunter, which exposes Barry's manipulation of the timeline and its effect on other team members. As a result, only Oliver, Kara, Felicity Smoak, Martin Stein, Jefferson "Jax" Jackson, and Caitlin Snow still trust Barry.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: After the Dominators abduct the President of the United States, the team goes to rescue him, with Barry sitting the mission out and Oliver staying behind in support of him. Kara leads the group, but the Dominators kill the President and activate a mind control device to take over the group. The controlled heroes return and attack S.T.A.R. Labs, where Barry and Oliver confront them. While Oliver holds them off, Barry lures Kara to the device and tricks her into destroying it, freeing everyone from the Dominators' control. When the team regroups, Ray Palmer tells Barry that everyone forgives and trusts him. Sara Lance, Ray, John Diggle, Thea, and Oliver are then abducted by the Dominators.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: They are held in pods on a Dominator ship, each unconscious except for a shared hallucination of a simulated reality. In the hallucination, Oliver is living at Queen Manor, having never gotten on the "Queen's Gambit", and is about to marry Laurel Lance. His parents are alive, and Diggle is operating as the Hood instead of Oliver. The captives begin seeing flashes of their real lives, and realize what has been done to them. Their escape attempt is blocked by personifications of their enemies: Malcolm Merlyn, Deathstroke and two of his Mirakuru soldiers, who killed Ray's fiancée Anna Loring, along with Damien Darhk and two of his H.I.V.E. soldiers. The adversaries are defeated, and the five awaken in the Dominators' ship and escape in a shuttle. Felicity, Curtis Holt, and Cisco try to hack into the Dominators' mainframe. Aided by Barry and Kara, they recover a device to locate the captives, who are rescued by Nate Heywood in the Legends' timeship, the "Waverider". Aboard the "Waverider", Ray deduces that the Dominators were gathering information about metahumans, using the hallucination as a distraction, to help them build a special "weapon". Meanwhile, the Dominator mothership heads towards Earth.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Nate says that the first Dominator invasion occurred in 1951 in Redmond, Oregon. He goes there with fellow Legends Mick Rory and Amaya Jiwe and Felicity and Cisco to kidnap a Dominator for information. Although they are successful, the three Legends and their alien captive are taken prisoner by N.S.A. agents. The Legends learn from the Dominator that the aliens have arrived to assess humanity's threat, now that metahumans have appeared and formed the Justice Society of America. Felicity and Cisco rescue the Legends, and also set the Dominator free, carelessly altering history. In 2016 Central City, the team learns that the Dominators know about Barry's manipulation of the timeline, deem him a threat, and are demanding his surrender in exchange for peace. After the Legends return, the team discovers that the Dominators' weapon is a bomb that will kill all metahumans on Earth, with millions of collateral human casualties. The teams dissuade Barry from surrendering, and he and Cisco reconcile. The team manage to destroy the bomb and force the Dominators to retreat with a pain-inflicting nano-weapon. As the heroes celebrate their victory, Oliver offers Kara his friendship, and Cisco gives her a device which will enable interdimensional travel and communication between Earth-1 and Earth-38. Martin persuades Jax not to tell the others that his daughter Lily's existence is the result of a temporal paradox he inadvertently caused when the Legends were in 1987.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: In May 2016, after it was announced that "Supergirl" would air its second season on The CW instead of CBS, CW president Mark Pedowitz said that all four series—"Arrow", "The Flash", "Legends of Tomorrow", and "Supergirl"—would cross over during the 2016–17 television season. In September 2016, Greg Berlanti, creator and executive producer of all four series, said that the crossover event would only involve "The Flash", "Arrow", and "Legends of Tomorrow"; the event begins at the end of the "Supergirl" episode "Medusa", with Barry and Cisco Ramon arriving on Supergirl's Earth to recruit her. Andrew Kreisberg, executive producer on "Arrow", "The Flash", and "Supergirl", explained why the crossover did not include "Supergirl": since "Medusa" was the mid-season finale for "Supergirl" and the other three series had theirs in episodes after the crossover, they "wanted to make sure that ["Medusa"] spoke to what had been happening on the first seven episodes of "Supergirl" and not just as a tie in". He added that it would have been logistically difficult to incorporate the four series, noting that finding the time for Melissa Benoist to shoot material for the other three series was complicated. Benoist did not appear in much of "The Darkest Place", the episode before "Medusa", to make her available to appear in each of the crossover episodes. He expanded on the difficulties, saying that "built-in shut-down days" for "Supergirl" were not planned on, in part because the series switched from CBS to The CW, and that this inability to shut down normal production prevented it from having a larger role in the crossover.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: It was announced the following September that the villains in the event would be the Dominators, in a story inspired by the 1989 comic miniseries "Invasion!" The Dominators were chosen because the writers "collectively wanted the superheroes to face an external threat," meaning "a threat that came from outside of the shows", rather than extraterrestrial. The following month, "Arrow" and "Legends of Tomorrow" creator and executive producer Marc Guggenheim said that the title of each episode of the crossover would be "Invasion!".


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: In November 2016, Kreisberg said that the Dominators would appear during the later part of "Supergirl"s season after the crossover event. Guggenheim said that in the initial script for "The Flash", Lynda Carter appeared as the Vice President (becoming President after his death in the episode); Carter appears as President Olivia Marsdin on "Supergirl". This did not occur because a note from the studio felt it would have been too confusing, having Marsdin appear as president on one series (and another Earth) and vice president on the others. Guggenheim added, "In the midst of time travel and aliens, it was just one sci-fi problem too much" and conceded that "if people at the studio were confused by the script, it was probably not particularly friendly to casual fans."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Scripts for "Invasion!" were written in mid-September 2016, with Berlanti creating the story for the event and Kreisberg helping to craft the story of "The Flash" episode. The teleplay for "The Flash" was written by showrunners Aaron and Todd Helbing; "Arrow"s was written by showrunners Guggenheim and Wendy Mericle, and showrunners Phil Klemmer and Guggenheim wrote the teleplay for "Legends of Tomorrow". When the Dominators were chosen as the threat for the crossover, the writers were able to justify the heroes' uniting; since Supergirl "is knowledgeable about these particular enemies, the Legends can help better understand the last time the Dominators visited Earth thanks to their time travel capabilities, and both Teams Flash and Arrow have a diverse array of capable heroes who are able to understand and counter just about every imaginable threat."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: "Arrow"s episode in the crossover was also the series' 100th. Guggenheim said that Berlanti's idea for the episode "allow[ed] us to have our cake and eat it too" in respecting "Arrow" as a whole and incorporating it into the crossover, with Guggenheim calling it "a love letter" to the series as a whole. The producers were able to incorporate many actors from earlier in the series, with others who could not appear because of scheduling conflicts still represented. At the end of "The Flash" episode, Oliver, Thea, Sara, Diggle, and Ray are captured by the Dominators and held in stasis with their minds experiencing a "shared hallucination"; this allowed the writers "to revisit footage from the previous 99 episodes" in the characters' memory flashes.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: The three episodes were filmed from September 23 to October 12, 2016. They were filmed concurrently, with some cast members shooting scenes for several series each day. Filming was done at the Boundary Bay Airport. "The Flash"s episode was directed by Dermott Downs, "Arrow"s by James Bamford, and "Legend of Tomorrow"s by Gregory Smith.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: The crossover's visual effects were by Encore Post and Zoic Studios. The Dominators were created with "cutting-edge prosthetics and computer effects ... to achieve a feature film-quality look which is faithful to "Invasion!" artist Todd McFarlane's interpretation of the characters." Although they originally wore the green robes of the comics, Guggenheim said that when it was decided to create the species in CGI, the robes "made animating them prohibitively impossible".


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: The S.T.A.R. Labs facility where the heroes initially meet was made to look like the Hall of Justice in the "Super Friends" animated series. Stock footage of the building in Cincinnati that was used as the basis for the Hall of Justice, Union Terminal, was altered by Encore for the crossover.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Colin Donnell and Colton Haynes appear as holograms, reprising their roles as Tommy Merlyn and Roy Harper, at the end of the "Arrow" episode. They appeared as holograms (not physically) due to other commitments which prevented their being re-shot. Guggenheim said that Zoic Studios had to rotoscope them from older episodes noting "It was hard, obviously because they had to work with preexisting footage. Yes, they had [many] episodes to choose from, but it was a lot harder than that makes it sound."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Despite "Invasion!" only occurring on three of the four CW series, the event, marketed as "Heroes v Aliens", was called a "four-night crossover event" beginning with the "Supergirl" episode. In Canada, where "The Flash", "Arrow" and "Legends" air on CTV Television Network, the crossover was marketed as a three-night event entitled "Heroes United". A faux classified U.S. government video was released, set about 70 years in the past, detailing the Dominators' first attempt to conquer Earth. The crossover's trailer was released on November 23, 2016.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: After beginning in the final scene of the November 28, 2016 episode of "Supergirl", the first part on "The Flash" aired on November 29, followed by part two on "Arrow" on November 30, and concluding with part three on "Legends of Tomorrow" on December 1, all on The CW.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: The episodes, the rest of "Legends of Tomorrow"s second season, "The Flash"s third season and "Arrow"s fifth season were released separately on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 on August 15, 2017, September 5 and September 19, respectively. The three episodes, accompanied by three "Allied: The Invasion Complex" behind-the-scenes featurettes (included separately in each series' home media release), were released together on a separate DVD on August 17, 2017 in Region 2 and September 20 in Region 4. The episodes are available for streaming on Netflix and The CW app in the United States.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: "Invasion!" gave the CW its most-watched week in six years. "The Flash" episode had a season-three-high viewership (the series' largest since December 9, 2014) and a season-three-high 18–49 rating, the highest since February 16, 2016. The episode improved 40 and 36 percent in viewership and the 18–49 rating, respectively, on the previous episode, "Killer Frost". It increased by five percent in total viewers and seven percent in the 18–49 demographic from the previous year's crossover with "Arrow". The "Arrow" episode had a season-five-high viewership and 18–49 rating, with viewership on a par with the previous year's crossover and the 18–49 rating the best since then. The episode improved by 120 and 86 percent in viewership and the 18–49 rating, respectively, from the previous episode, "Vigilante". The "Legends of Tomorrow" episode had a series-high viewership and a season-two-high 18–49 rating, which tied the rating set by the pilot on January 21, 2016. The episode improved by 80 and 83 percent in viewership and the 18–49 rating, respectively, from the previous episode, "Outlaw Country", and contributed to the most-watched Thursday on The CW in four years.


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: About the crossover as a whole, Oliver Sava of "The A.V. Club" said that the episodes did "admirable work advancing the overarching narrative while maintaining each show's distinct perspective" along with being "a hell of a lot of fun, and it's significantly expanded the scope of the Arrowverse by bringing in an extraterrestrial enemy ... There's an entire universe to explore, and this crossover has opened the door for the CW's DC shows to go cosmic in the future." According to Ed Gross of "Empire" felt "Invasion!" was a "proverbial mixed bag". He felt "Invasion!" did an effective job of bringing the characters from each series together since "the rapport between them feeling natural and oftentimes genuinely funny". Gross took issue to how the crossover was promoted as "a massive adventure" when it turned out to be "rather underwhelming. Part of that is creative—it would have been better to get a fuller understanding of who these beings really are and how they're able to know the long-term effects of Flashpoint; plus the resolution seems awfully pat ... and lacks the resolutionary scope that was expected." Gross gave the crossover four out of five stars. Collider's Allison Keene enjoyed the interaction of the cast members between the four shows, with "The Flash" setting the tone of the crossover, with the others incorporating "its light-hearted, witty banter and a fast-paced action and editing". However, the crossovers also have the ability to "starkly highlight each show's weaknesses." Keene concluded, "There are things "Invasion!" as a whole did really well, and others it didn't, with each series' strengths and weaknesses being highlighted and tested. But with each new expansion, there are things the shows can learn from, and it remains fun for fans".


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating, based on 10 reviews for the episode. The website's critical consensus reads, "The CW marshals its lovable roster of superheroes all together to quell an "Invasion!" in a sprawling crossover event that makes great use of each series headliners' charms."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave "The Flash" episode an 8.4 out of 10, noting the appeal of seeing many of the Arrowverse characters joining forces. He was critical of the Dominators, feeling they were not "well-defined... to unify these heroes", resulting in the Flashpoint-related character drama to propel the first act. Schedeen continued, "Everyone had their moment to shine, even more minor players like Felicity and Thea. But if there was one subplot that felt unnecessary and out of place, it was Wally's", calling it "forced". Schedeen appreciated the focus on the fallout from Flashpoint, calling it "one of the biggest flaws of Season 3 so far" on "The Flash", and hoped that more of the Dominators' comic backstory would appear in the crossover's other two episodes. "The A.V. Club"s Scott Von Doviak gave the episode a B+, calling the episode an "absurdly overstuff kickoff" to "Invasion!" He enjoyed that the episode "continues to advance the story arcs of this season of "The Flash" and finds a way to weave those ongoing conflicts into the multi-series story of an alien invasion." Von Doviak questioned some of the episode's events, such as Barry's knowledge of the Legends adventures and his not caring about secret identities, and said that viewers "who don't necessarily follow the other three shows religiously are at a disadvantage".


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: On Collider.com, Carla Day gave "The Flash" episode five out of five stars and called it "brilliant", saying, "With so many characters on the scene, it would have been easy for the show to get overwhelmed by them all and lose "The Flash"s unique look and tone. But the writers effectively incorporated the other DC series' characters into the episode while keeping the show's light-hearted and funny demeanor." Day's only complaint was about the Dominators' unclear motivations. "Entertainment Weekly"s Chancellor Agard gave "The Flash" episode an A−, feeling "Based on tonight's episode alone, this year's crossover is looking like it'll be the best one yet... This is really the first time Berlanti and Co. can tell a cohesive story, and it seems like it's paying off." Agard felt the focus on the Team Flash drama made the episode "drag a bit" and, like Schedeen, his "biggest problems were with the Wally stuff" but conceded it was included "for viewers who might only watch "The Flash", and the episode does a good job of appeasing both kinds of fans."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Schedeen gave "Arrow"s episode an 8.7 out of 10, saying "This "Arrow" episode worked much better as a 100th episode celebration than it did the middle act of the "Invasion" crossover," calling the shared hallucination premise "an emotionally rich and action-packed way to celebrate the show's first 100 episodes." Schedeen was critical of the Cisco and Team Arrow subplot that "did little to advance the larger narrative", as well as the overall pacing of the crossover up to this point. Alasdair Wilkins of "The A.V. Club" gave "Arrow" an A, stating that while "Invasion!" could have been "an unholy mess" trying to fit "Arrow"s 100th episode celebration in the middle of the crossover, by focusing on "Arrow"s past and including former cast members "ends up giving the show a way to develop the power and the threat of the Dominators without this crossover just being three straight episodes of heroes and aliens punching each other." Wilkins concluded, "If this is how "Arrow" marks 100 episodes, then here's to 100 more. If this isn't the best episode in "Arrow"s history, it's damn close."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Collider.com's Kayti Burt said that the "Arrow" episode "gets enough nostalgic hits in to make it work, while also giving us an exciting (batshit crazy) final act to launch us into the final part of the superhero crossover." Burt felt the shared hallucination "works because of the performance of all of the actors (including many returning ones) and the sentiment that this show has genuinely inspired in people." Burt "was a bit sad" that the series would not have the opportunity to have a 100th episode outside the crossover, with the demands of moving the crossover "sometimes at odds with what this episode was trying to do ... This episode was trying to do far too much and was therefore a bit of a mess, but it's hard to dislike an hour of TV that is earnestly trying to please its fans in so many different ways". She gave the episode three out of five stars. Sara Netzley of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the episode an A, saying, "We get enough cross-team action to make it a treat for viewers of the Berlanti-verse while still forwarding the "Invasion" story line—and honoring the characters, plots, and themes that have made "Arrow" such a satisfying show over the last four and a half seasons. It was a tall order, but the episode pulled it off."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating, based on 9 reviews for the episode. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Arrowverse gang is back together. What more could you want?"


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Rating the episode an 8.8 out of 10, Schedeen said the crossover "ended on a strong note. This episode delivered the most on the promise of superheroes joining forces to battle alien invaders. And even if there were a few points of frustration (mainly involving a lack of Supergirl early on), it made the most of the premise and delivered a rousing final battle." He enjoyed the final back story of the Dominators, which gave them clearer motivations so they no longer felt like "a completely faceless, generic alien threat", and Cisco's creation of a device for Supergirl to travel between universes, which would allow for more frequent crossovers between the characters. Sava graded the "Legends of Tomorrow" episode A−, feeling it did not have the same "emotional punch" of "Arrow"s episode, but was still "a strong conclusion that has the good guys saving the day and learning more about themselves in the process." He called the final battle "anticlimactic", noting it would have been more satisfying if there was a "more creative use of all the different powers in this group working together, and... a stronger sense of collaboration among the human/metahuman fighters."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: "Entertainment Weekly"s Shirley Li gave the episode a B+, as "it didn't feel at all like a "Legends of Tomorrow" episode, despite all the quips from Mick and the blue chyron and the time traveling"; she said that it was more like a second "Flash" episode. Li also added that the "budgetary constraints were glaring", and gave as examples Thea's failure to appear in the episode and Kara's absence from the confrontation with the elderly glasses-wearing official after Oliver lashed out at her. Despite this, Li felt much of the episode worked, with each character getting a chance to shine "and though the Dominators' motive [was] still somewhat muddled, the invasion sparked fun rapport among the teams... This might not drive any non-"Legends" viewers to watch "Legends", but the episode gave plenty to Arrowverse fans."


title: Invasion! (Arrowverse)

text: Comic Book Resources ranked "The Flash", "Arrow", and "Legends of Tomorrow" episodes 2016's 16th, 10th, and 3rd best episodes of comic book-related television series, respectively.


title: Districts of Bangladesh

text: The divisions of Bangladesh are divided into 64 districts or zila. The headquarters of a district is called a district seat ("jela shodor"). The districts are further subdivided into 492 sub-districts or upazila.


title: Districts of Bangladesh

text: In April 2018, the government changed the English spelling of five districts to avoid inconsistencies in the Bengali and English spellings. The spellings have been changed from Bogra to Bogura, Barisal to Barishal, Jessore to Jashore, Chittagong to Chattogram and Comilla to Cumilla.


title: Districts of Bangladesh

text: A deputy commissioner (popularly abbreviated to "DC") is the executive head of the district. Deputy commissioners are appointed by the government from the deputy secretary BCS Administration Cadre.


title: Districts of Bangladesh

text: A district council (or "zila parishad") is a local government body at the district level. The Bengali word "parishad" means council and "zila parishad" translates to "district council".


title: Districts of Bangladesh

text: The functions of a district council include construction and maintenance of roads, and bridges, building hospitals and dispensaries, schools and educational institutions, health facilities and sanitation, tube wells for drinking water, rest houses, and coordination of activities of the Union "parishads" within the district.


title: PPG Industries

text: PPG Industries, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 company and global supplier of paints, coatings, and specialty materials. With headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PPG operates in more than 70 countries around the globe. By revenue it is the largest coatings company in the world followed by AkzoNobel. It is headquartered in PPG Place, an office and retail complex in downtown Pittsburgh, and is known for its glass facade designed by Postmodern architect Philip Johnson.


title: PPG Industries

text: Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company was founded in 1883 by Captain John Baptiste Ford and John Pitcairn, Jr., at Creighton, Pennsylvania.


title: PPG Industries

text: Based in Creighton, Pennsylvania (about 20 miles north of Pittsburgh along the Allegheny River), PPG soon became the United States' first commercially successful producer of high-quality, thick flat glass using the plate process. PPG was also the world's first plate glass plant to power its furnaces with locally produced natural gas, an innovation which rapidly stimulated widespread industrial use of the cleaner-burning fuel.


title: PPG Industries

text: PPG expanded quickly. By 1900, known as the "Glass Trust", it included 10 plants, had a 65 percent share of the U.S. plate glass market, and had become the nation's second largest producer of paint. Today, known as PPG Industries, the company is a multibillion-dollar, Fortune 500 corporation with 150 manufacturing locations around the world. It now produces coatings, glass, fiberglass, and other chemicals.


title: PPG Industries

text: Pitcairn served as a director of PPG from its start, its president from 1897 to 1905, and chairman of the board from 1894 until his death in 1916.


title: PPG Industries

text: Ditzler Color Company, established in 1902 in Detroit as an automotive color concern, was purchased by Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (now PPG) in 1928. On 19 December 1968 the company changed its name to PPG Industries, Inc., to show its diverse offerings. In the mid-1980s, Cipisa, a Spanish paint company was acquired and renamed PPG Ibérica and its CEO, Pere Nadal Carres, became CEO of PPG Ibérica. In 1990 PPG founded Transitions Optical as a joint venture with Essilor.


title: PPG Industries

text: In October 2000, PPG Industries announced it had agreed to buy Courtaulds Aerospace for $512.5 million. Based in Glendale, California, the aerospace business has annual sales of approximately $240 million, employs 1,200 people. It manufactures sealants in Glendale, California and Shildon, England; coatings and sealants in Mojave, California; glazing sealants at Gloucester City, New Jersey; and coatings at Gonfreville, France. The business also operates 14 application-support centers located in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia.


title: PPG Industries

text: In 2006, the company rolled out a two-tiered pay system which resulted in massive strikes at union locations across the country. The system, now in place company-wide for non-salaried employees, provides lower rates of pay and fewer benefits to those employed after the roll-out than those employed before the roll-out. In West Virginia, after a bitter five-month strike, the company still refused to eliminate the two-tiered system. In Lake Charles, Louisiana, the employment contracts of union employees had to be extended during a strike regarding the two-tiered system.


title: PPG Industries

text: In 2007, the company was involved in a lawsuit on failing to disclose a purchase reduction of its two major auto glass customers.


title: PPG Industries

text: In 2007, PPG in Australia acquired Barloworld Coatings (Australia) Pty Limited, producer of the Taubmans, Bristol, and White Knight brands of paint.


title: PPG Industries

text: On 2 January 2008, PPG acquired the SigmaKalon Group of companies for $3.2 billion from private investment firm Bain Capital, strongly increasing its paint and specialty coatings business.


title: PPG Industries

text: In 2008, PPG renamed their automotive glass division PGW (Pittsburgh Glass Works) and sold a majority of it to Kohlberg & Company. PPG retained 40% ownership of PGW until March 2016 when they sold their stake to automotive parts salvage company LKQ Corporation.


title: PPG Industries

text: In 2012, PPG acquired , founded in Denmark in 1928 as "S. Dyrup & Co A/S" by Sigurd Dyrup and Axel Monberg and Ejnar Thorsen of MT Højgaard, some of whose brands are Dyrup, GORI (outdoor woodcare paint), and Bondex.


title: PPG Industries

text: In April 2013, PPG completed the acquisition of AkzoNobel North American architectural coatings business including Glidden, Liquid Nails, and Flood brands. 2013 revenue was US$15.1 billion, while assets were US$15.9 billion.


title: PPG Industries

text: On April 1, 2014, PPG finalized the sale of Transitions Optical to its joint venture partner, Essilor International of France; however, PPG’s technical center in Monroeville will continue to provide research and development services for Transitions. On November 5, 2014 PPG closed a deal, to purchase Mexican Consorcio Comex, S.A. de C.V. (“Comex”) for $2.3 billion


title: PPG Industries

text: In April 2015, PPG Industries completed the acquisition of REVOCOAT, a global supplier of sealants. Chuck Bunch remains Executive Chairman, while Michael McGarry serves as President & CEO.


title: PPG Industries

text: In July 2016, PPG announced its sale of the flat glass business to Vitro, a glass manufacturer based in Mexico, for $750 million.


title: PPG Industries

text: In October 2016, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette announced the acquisition of the naming rights to Consol Energy Center by PPG; the facility will be known as PPG Paints Arena.


title: PPG Industries

text: In September 2017, PPG announced the sale of its remaining fiberglass operations to Nippon Electric Glass for $541 million. This was following PPG's 2016 sale of its European fiberglass operations to NEG, and divesting its ownership in two other Asian fiberglass joint ventures.


title: PPG Industries

text: In March 2017, the company launched an unsolicited takeover bid of €20.9 billion, which was promptly rejected by AkzoNobel’s management. Days later, the company launched an increased bid of €24.5 billion ($26.3 billion), which was again rejected by AkzoNobel’s management. A number of shareholders urged AkzoNobel to explore the offer and subsequent negotiations. In April, activist investor Elliott Investors called for the removal of the Chairman of Akzo, Antony Burgmans, following Akzo's refusal to enter talks with PPG. Elliott, which has a 3.25% stake in the company, claimed it was one of a group of investors that met the Dutch legal threshold of 10% voting-share support, which is needed to call an extraordinary meeting to vote on a proposal to remove Burgmans. On April 13, Templeton Global Equity said it was among another group of investors calling for an extraordinary meeting of AkzoNobel shareholders to discuss Burgmans' continued tenure as Chairman. Later in the same month Akzo outlined its plan to separate its chemicals division and pay shareholders €1.6 billion in extra dividends, in order to attempt to hold off PPG. The new Akzo strategy was dismissed by PPG, which claimed that their offer represented better value for shareholders, supported by activist Akzo shareholder Elliot Advisors. On April 24, a day before Akzo's annual meeting of shareholders, PPG increased its final offer by approximately 8% to $28.8 billion (€26.9 billion, €96.75 per share), with Akzo's share price rising 6% to a record of €82.95 per share. Akzo shareholder Columbia Threadneedle Investments urged the company to open dialogue with PPG, whilst PPG claimed that the deal would add to earning within its first year. Great Britain's largest pension scheme investors, Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS), urged Akzo to engage with PPG. On 2 May, "Reuters" revealed that the supervisory board of Akzo was meeting to discuss how to deal with PPG's third offer, still maintaining it did not value the company highly enough. In early May, Akzo again rejected PPG's bid, citing the deal still undervalues the company, as well as potentially facing antitrust risks, and not addressing other concerns such as "cultural differences". Under Dutch company law, PPG must now decide to either make a formal bid or walk away. In early June PPG chose to abandon pursuit.


title: PPG Industries

text: In November 2010, PPG agreed to remove 700,000 tons of toxic waste from Canal Crossing, a brownfield site in Jersey City, New Jersey where the company operated a chromium processing plant between 1954 and 1963. Stringent standards were agreed to in a federal court settlement.


title: PPG Industries

text: Lime Lake Reclamation Project of PPG Industries in Barberton, Ohio, received special awards in the National Beneficial Use of Biosolids Program from Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) region 5 in 1998.


title: PPG Industries

text: According to the book "Strangers in Their Own Land" by Arlie Russell Hochschild, Pittsburgh Plate Glass ordered employees to dump toxic tar in Bayou D'Inde in Lake Charles, Louisiana.


title: PPG Industries

text: PPG has been involved in sports for numerous years, including being the primary sponsor for the CART Indy car series from 1980 to 1997. The company has been a partner of Team Penske in CART, IndyCar Series and NASCAR Cup Series since 1984. Since the race's inception in 1994, PPG has sponsored the trophy for the Brickyard 400.


title: PPG Industries

text: On October 4, 2016, it was announced that The Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh would be giving up its naming rights, and transferred to PPG, making the arena named the PPG Paints Arena.


title: PPG Industries

text: PPG also partners with Formula 1 racing teams. They have a partnership with Williams F1 Team since 2017.


title: PPG Industries

text: PPG is the prime sponsor of John Force Racing and makes all their cars and paints and decals them before each NHRA race.


title: Danish pastry

text: A Danish pastry ( ) sometimes shortened to just Danish, especially in American English) is a multilayered, laminated sweet pastry in the "viennoiserie" tradition. The concept was brought to Denmark by Austrian bakers, where the recipe was partly changed and accommodated by the Danes to their liking, and has since developed into a Danish specialty. Like other viennoiserie pastries, such as croissants, it is a variant of puff pastry made of laminated yeast-leavened dough that creates a layered texture.


title: Danish pastry

text: Danish pastries were brought with immigrants to the United States, where they are often topped with a fruit or cream cheese filling, and are now popular around the world.


title: Danish pastry

text: Danish pastry is made of yeast-leavened dough of wheat flour, milk, eggs, sugar, and large amounts of butter or margarine.


title: Danish pastry

text: A yeast dough is rolled out thinly, covered with thin slices of butter between the layers of dough, and then the dough is folded and rolled several times, creating 27 layers. If necessary, the dough is chilled between foldings to ease handling. The process of rolling, buttering, folding, and chilling is repeated multiple times to create a multilayered dough that becomes airy and crispy on the outside, but also rich and buttery.


title: Danish pastry

text: Butter is the traditional fat used in Danish pastry, but in industrial production, less expensive fats are often used, such as hydrogenated sunflower oil.


title: Danish pastry

text: In Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, the term for Danish pastry is (or ), meaning "Viennese bread". The same etymology is also the origin of the Finnish and Estonian ("Viennese pastry").


title: Danish pastry

text: The origin of the Danish pastry is often ascribed to a strike amongst bakery workers in Denmark in 1850. The strike caused bakery owners to hire workers from abroad, among them several Austrian bakers, who brought along new baking traditions and pastry recipes. The Austrian pastry of "Plundergebäck" soon became popular in Denmark and after the labour disputes ended, Danish bakers adopted the Austrian recipes, adjusting them to their own liking and traditions by increasing the amount of egg and fat for example. This development resulted in what is now known as the Danish pastry.


title: Danish pastry

text: One of the baking techniques and traditions that the Austrian bakers brought with them was the Viennese lamination technique. Due to such novelties the Danes called the pastry "wienerbrød" (Vienna bread) and that name is still in use in Northern Europe today. At that time, almost all baked goods in Denmark were given exotic names.


title: Danish pastry

text: Danish pastries as consumed in Denmark have different shapes and names. Some are topped with chocolate, pearl sugar, glacé icing, and/or slivered nuts and they may be stuffed with a variety of ingredients such as jam or preserves (usually apple or prune), remonce, marzipan, and/or custard. Shapes are numerous, including circles with filling in the middle (known in Denmark as "Spandauers"), figure-eights, spirals (known as snails), and the pretzel-like kringles.


title: Danish pastry

text: In the UK, various ingredients such as jam, custard, apricots, cherries, raisins, flaked almonds, pecans, or caramelized toffee are placed on or within sections of divided dough, which is then baked. Cardamom is often added to increase the aromatic sense of sweetness.


title: Danish pastry

text: In the US, Danishes are typically given a topping of fruit or sweetened cream cheese prior to baking. Danishes with nuts on them are also popular there and in Sweden, where often icing, and, sometimes, powdered sugar and chocolate spritzing are also added.


title: Danish pastry

text: Danish pastry was brought to the United States by Danish immigrants. Lauritz C. Klitteng of Læsø popularized "Danish pastry" in the US around 1915–1920. According to Klitteng, he made Danish pastry for the wedding of President Woodrow Wilson in December 1915. Klitteng toured the world to promote his product and was featured in such 1920s periodicals as the "National Baker", the "Bakers' Helper", and the "Bakers' Weekly". Klitteng briefly had his own Danish Culinary Studio at 146 Fifth Avenue in New York City.


title: Danish pastry

text: Herman Gertner owned a chain of New York City restaurants and had brought Klitteng to New York to sell Danish pastry. Gertner's obituary appeared in the January 23, 1962 "The New York Times":


title: Danish pastry

text: "At one point during his career Mr. Gertner befriended a Danish baker who convinced him that Danish pastry might be well received in New York. Mr. Gertner began serving the pastry in his restaurant and it immediately was a success."


title: Danish pastry

text: During the "Jyllands-Posten" Muhammad cartoons controversy in 2006, several religious Iranian groups advocated changing the name of the highly popular Danish (), given its name association with the source country of the offending cartoons. The Association of Iranian Confectionery Manufacturing designated "Roses of the Prophet Muhammad" as the new name for danishes made in the country as of 15 February 2006, although compliance with the proposed name in bakeries was mixed and short-lived. Related to this, many protesters in several Muslim countries, angered by the pictures of Muhammad, boycotted Danish goods. "Roses of Muhammad" () is a traditional Persian synonym for a variety of pink rose flowering shrub.


title: Diurnality

text: Diurnality is a form of plant and animal behavior characterized by activity during daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. The common adjective used for daytime activity is "diurnal". The timing of activity by an animal depends on a variety of environmental factors such as the temperature, the ability to gather food by sight, the risk of predation, and the time of year. Diurnality is a cycle of activity within a 24-hour period; cyclic activities called circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles not dependent on external cues or environmental factors except for a zeitgeber. Animals active during twilight are crepuscular, those active during the night are nocturnal and animals active at sporadic times during both night and day are cathemeral.


title: Diurnality

text: Plants that open their flowers during the daytime are described as diurnal, while those that bloom during nighttime are nocturnal. The timing of flower opening is often related to the time at which preferred pollinators are foraging. For example, sunflowers open during the day to attract bees, whereas the night-blooming cereus opens at night to attract large sphinx moths.


title: Diurnality

text: Many types of animals are classified as being diurnal, meaning they are active during the day time and inactive or have periods of rest during the night time. Commonly classified diurnal animals include mammals, birds, and reptiles. Most primates are diurnal. Scientifically classifying diurnality within animals can be a challenge, apart from the obvious increased activity levels during the day time light.


title: Diurnality

text: Initially, most animals were diurnal, but adaptations that allowed some animals to become nocturnal is what helped contribute to the success of many, especially mammals. This evolutionary movement to nocturnality allowed them to better avoid predators and gain resources with less competition from other animals. This did come with some adaptations that mammals live with today. Vision has been one of the most greatly affected senses from switching back and forth from diurnality to nocturnality, and this can be seen using biological and physiological analysis of rod nuclei from primate eyes. This includes losing two of four cone opsins that assists in colour vision, making many mammals dichromats. When early primates converted back to diurnality, better vision that included trichromatic colour vision became very advantageous, making diurnality and colour vision adaptive traits of simiiformes, which includes humans. Studies using chromatin distribution analysis of rod nuclei from different simian eyes found that transitions between diurnality and nocturnality occurred several times within primate lineages, with switching to diurnality being the most common transitions.


title: Diurnality

text: Still today, diurnality seems to be reappearing in many lineages of other animals, including small rodent mammals like the Nile grass rat and golden mantle squirrel and reptiles. More specifically, geckos, which were thought to be naturally nocturnal have shown many transitions to diurnality, with about 430 species of geckos now showing diurnal activity. With so many diurnal species recorded, comparative analysis studies using newer lineages of gecko species have been done to study the evolution of diurnality. With about 20 transitions counted for the gecko lineages, it shows the significance of diurnality. Strong environmental influences like climate change, predation risk, and competition for resources are all contributing factors. Using the example of geckos, it is thought that species like "Mediodactylus amictopholis" that live at higher altitudes have switched to diurnality to help gain more heat through the day, and therefore conserve more energy, especially when colder seasonal temperatures hit.


title: Diurnality

text: Light is one of the most defining environmental factors that determines an animal's activity pattern. Photoperiod or a light dark cycle is determined by the geographical location, with day time being associated with much ambient light, and night time being associated with little ambient light. Light is one of the strongest influences of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which is part of the hypothalamus in the brain that controls the circadian rhythm in most animals. This is what determines whether an animal is diurnal or not. The SCN uses visual information like light to start a cascade of hormones that are released and work on many physiological and behavioural functions.


title: Diurnality

text: Light can produce powerful masking effects on an animal's circadian rhythm, meaning that it can "mask" or influence the internal clock, changing the activity patterns of an animal, either temporarily or over the long term if exposed to enough light over a long period of time. Masking can be referred to either as positive masking or negative masking, with it either increasing an diurnal animals activity or decreasing a nocturnal animal's activity, respectively. This can be depicted when exposing different types of rodents to the same photoperiods. When a diurnal Nile grass rat and nocturnal mouse are exposed to the same photoperiod and light intensity, increased activity occurred within the grass rat (positive masking), and decreased activity within the mouse (negative masking).


title: Diurnality

text: Even small amounts of environmental light change have shown to have an effect on the activity of mammals. An observational study done on the activity of nocturnal owl monkeys in the Gran Chaco in South America showed that increased amounts of moonlight at night increased their activity levels through the night which led to a decrease of daytime activity. Meaning that for this species, ambient moonlight is negatively correlated with diurnal activity. This is also connected with the foraging behaviours of the monkeys, as when there were nights of little to no moonlight, it affected the monkey's ability to forage efficiently, so they were forced to be more active in the day to find food.


title: Diurnality

text: Diurnality has shown to be an evolutionary trait in many animal species, with diurnality mostly reappearing in many lineages. Other environmental factors like ambient temperature, food availability, and predation risk can all influence whether an animal will evolve to be diurnal, or if their effects are strong enough, then mask over their circadian rhythm, changing their activity patterns to becoming diurnal. All three factors often involve one another, and animals need to be able to find a balance between them if they are to survive and thrive.


title: Diurnality

text: Ambient temperature has been shown to affect and even convert nocturnal animals to diurnality as it is a way for them to conserve metabolic energy. Nocturnal animals are often energetically challenged due to being most active in the nighttime when ambient temperatures are lower than through the day, and so they lose a lot of energy in the form of body heat. According to the circadian thermos-energetics (CTE) hypothesis, animals that are expending more energy than they are taking in (through food and sleep) will be more active in the light cycle, meaning they will be more active in the day. This has been shown in studies done on small nocturnal mice in a laboratory setting. When they were placed under a combination of enough cold and hunger stress, they converted to diurnality through temporal niche switching, which was expected. Another similar study that involved energetically challenging small mammals showed that diurnality is most beneficial when the animal has a sheltered location to rest in, reducing heat loss. Both studies concluded that nocturnal mammals do change their activity patterns to be more diurnal when energetically stressed (due to heat loss and limited food availability), but only when predation is also limited, meaning the risks of predation are less than the risk of freezing or starving to death.


title: Diurnality

text: Many plants are diurnal or nocturnal, depending on the time period when the most effective pollinators, i.e., insects, visit the plant. Most angiosperm plants are visited by various insects, so the flower adapts its phenology to the most effective pollinators. Thus, the effectiveness of relative diurnal or nocturnal species of insects affects the diurnal or nocturnal nature of the plants they pollinate, causing in some instances an adjustment of the opening and closing cycles of the plants. For example, the baobab is pollinated by fruit bats and starts blooming in late afternoon; the flowers are dead within twenty-four hours.


title: Diurnality

text: Services that alternate between high and low utilization in a daily cycle are described as being diurnal. Many websites have the most users during the day and little utilization at night, or vice versa. Operations planners can use this cycle to plan, for example, maintenance that needs to be done when there are fewer users on the web site.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom produced by Warner Bros. Animation that ran from May 3, 2011, through November 2, 2013, on Cartoon Network. The series consists of two seasons, each containing 26 episodes, and features characters from the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" theatrical cartoon shorts updated for the 21st century.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: Initially, the series received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the visual style, humor, portrayal of the characters, and voice acting, but criticized its direction, its divergences from its source material, its lack of slapstick, and its changes to the characters' designs and personalities.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: The series revolves around roommates Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck living in a suburb with "colorful neighbors" including Lola Bunny, Tina Russo, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester, Tweety, Granny, Gossamer, Yosemite Sam, Taz, Speedy Gonzales, Marvin the Martian, Pete Puma and more. The series contained less slapstick and fewer visual gags, but instead was more adult-oriented and dialogue-driven with love triangles, employment and rooming.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: "The Looney Tunes Show" was originally envisioned as "Looney Tunes Laff Riot", a "true-to-the-classics" show emulating the original run of "Looney Tunes" shorts announced in July 2009 by Warner Bros. Animation. However, it was scrapped because the executives were not impressed, and it was later retooled into the sitcom-inspired "The Looney Tunes Show" which premiered on May 3, 2011, on Cartoon Network.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: The show features new character designs by Ottawa-based artist Jessica Borutski which were first created for "Looney Tunes Laff Riot" and also later retooled for the final series. The Laff Riot pilot would surface on September 4, 2020.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: As is standard for most modern animated sitcoms like "The Simpsons" and "Family Guy", the series does not use a laugh track.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: The animation was produced by Yearim and Rough Draft Korea, along with Toon City Animation in the first season. The Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner CGI shorts were produced by Crew972.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: On July 29, 2014, it was announced that the series would not be renewed for a third season. A direct-to-video spin-off film named "" was released on August 4, 2015.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: "The Looney Tunes Show" premiered in the United States on May 3, 2011, through August 31, 2014, on Cartoon Network. In Australia, the series began airing on 9Go! and Cartoon Network Australia.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: "The Looney Tunes Show" premiered in Africa on Boomerang Africa on May 17, 2011, in France on Boomerang France, in the UK on Boomerang UK and on different Boomerang feeds throughout Europe.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: "The Looney Tunes Show" has received home video releases for Season 1. The season 2 episode "Super Rabbit" was released as part of the "Looney Tunes: Parodies Collection" on February 4, 2020.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: Critical reception to "The Looney Tunes Show" was mixed. The voice acting, humor, portrayal of the characters and style received praise, but the show was also criticized for its direction and lack of slapstick, as well as the designs and personality changes of the characters.


title: The Looney Tunes Show

text: In a 2010 interview with CBC News, series animator Jessica Borutski said in response to fan criticism of the series' new character designs, that the original designs were intended for adults and that "[it is] time for a new generation to meet the characters." Borutski said, "a fresh, new design is the only way to keep characters alive." Cartoon historian Chris Robinson noted also that the mark the original characters have on fans is indelible and that fans are not receptive to change. "[Fans] just really become attached to these things," Robinson said. "It's just so strongly rooted in their childhood that they're unable to separate themselves."


title: Oka Crisis

text: The Oka Crisis (), also known as the Kanehsatà:ke Resistance (), was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which began on July 11, 1990, and lasted 78 days until September 26, 1990, with two fatalities. The dispute was the first well-publicized violent conflict between First Nations and provincial governments in the late 20th century.


title: Oka Crisis

text: Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) people, mainly members of the Mohawk nation (Kanien’kehà:ka), first settled in the Montreal area in the late 1660s, moving north from their homeland in the Hudson River valley. The several hundred people who migrated at the time went on to develop three distinct Mohawk communities in the region; Kahnawá:ke, Kanehsatà:ke and Ahkwesáhsne.


title: Oka Crisis

text: Around 1658, the Mohawk had displaced from the area the Wyandot people (or Hurons), with whom the Haudenosaunee (of which the Mohawk were a tribe) had long been in conflict. In the fall of 1666, hundreds of French soldiers, as well as Algonquin and Huron allies, attacked southward from Lake Champlain and devastated four Mohawk villages near Albany, then negotiated a peace between the Haudenosaunee and the French and their allies which lasted for the next 20 years. In 1673, the Jesuit mission at Saint-François-Xavier brought about forty Mohawks from the village of Kaghnuwage, on the Mohawk River, in present-day New York state. In 1680, the Jesuits were granted the seigneurie Sault-Saint-Louis, now named the village of Kahnawá:ke, with a current area of over 4000 hectares. Starting in the 1680s, there was a military conflict between the English allied to the Mohawks and the French allied with other indigenous tribes. In the early 1690s, the Mohawks were weakened through a prolonged and severe military effort by the French.


title: Oka Crisis

text: In 1676, the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpician Fathers), a Roman Catholic order, then based in Paris, France, founded Montreal Island's first mission at the foot of Mount Royal to minister to the needs of Iroquois / Mohawk, Algonquin and Huron neophytes and to distance them from French settlers in Ville Marie. In 1696, the Sulpicians moved


title: Oka Crisis

text: the mission to one on the edge of the , near the rapids, in north end Montreal Island. In 1717, the was granted a concession (3.5 of frontage, 3 deep) named .


title: Oka Crisis

text: In 1721, the Sulpicians moved the mission to two villages on territory with the Algonquins and Nipissings being assigned the village to the east and the Mohawks being assigned the village to the west including territory known since the late 1880s as "The Pines" (formerly "sand dunes behind the village ... part of the Common Lands on which the Mohawks pastured their cattle") and the adjacent indigenous cemetery. This meant the Indigenous inhabitants were forced to move once again. To cushion the blow, they were promised ownership of the land they would inhabit. The was expanded through two grants, one in 1733, consisting of small pie-shaped segment with 2 of frontage to the east of initial concession land, and, in 1735, a larger segment representing about 40% of the seigneurie's total area. In all three grants the land was provided under the guarantee it would be used for the benefit of Indigenous residents.


title: Oka Crisis

text: Following the conquest of New France in 1760, the Act of Capitulation of Montreal guaranteed that all the "Indians" who had been allied to the French would be free to remain on the land they inhabited unless those lands were formally ceded to the Crown. This was restated by the Treaty of Paris and again in the Royal Proclmation of 1763. Hence, the Mohawk began advocating for the recognition of their land rights to British officials. Similar claims in and Ahkwesáhsne were recognized, but the Kanehsatà:ke requests to be released from the rule of the Sulpicians and reporting of seminary officials to white settlers were ignored. When the Sulpicians aided the British in crushing the Patriot's War of 1837–38, the seminary's land title was confirmed. The Mohawk continued pursuing their right to the land, petitioning, and failing, to obtain the recognition of Lord Elgin's recognition of their claims in 1851. Eight years later, the Province of Canada extended the official title of the disputed land to the Sulpicians.