title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: In July 1910, Maeda returned to Cuba, where he tried to arrange matches with Frank Gotch and Jack Johnson. The Americans ignored him—there was no money to be made wrestling him, and much money to be lost if they lost to him. On August 23, 1910, Maeda wrestled Jack Connell in Havana; the result was a draw. During 1911, Maeda and Satake were joined in Cuba by Akitaro Ono and Tokugoro Ito. The four men were known as the 'Four Kings of Cuba.'


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: The Four Kings were very popular in Cuba, and the Japanese media were proud of the reputation they were bringing to judo and Japan. Consequently, on January 8, 1912, the Kodokan promoted Maeda to 5th "dan". There was some resistance to this decision because there were those in Japan who did not approve of his involvement in professional wrestling. In 1913, Tokugoro Ito stayed in Cuba while Maeda and Satake went to El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In El Salvador, the president was assassinated while Maeda was there, and in Panama, the Americans tried to pay him to lose; in response, they kept moving south. In Peru they met Laku, a Japanese jujutsuka who taught the military, and invited him to join them. They were then joined by Okura in Chile, and by Shimitsu in Argentina. The troupe arrived in Brazil before September 1914.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: According to Correio Paulistano Newspaper Maeda did a Jiu- Jitsu demonstration at Teatro Variedades (Theatre) - Largo do Paissandu /Santos city at 24 September 1914. According to a copy of Maeda's passport provided by Gotta Tsutsumi, head of Belém's "Associação Paramazônica Nipako", Maeda arrived in Porto Alegre on November 14, 1914,


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: On December 20, 1915, the first demonstration in Belém took place at the Theatro Politheama. The "O Tempo" newspaper announced the event, stating that Conde Koma would show the main "jiu-jitsu" techniques, excepting the prohibited ones. He also would demonstrate self-defense techniques. After that, the troupe would be accepting challenges from the crowd, and there would be the first sensational match of "jiu-jitsu" between Shimitsu (champion of Argentina) and Laku (Peruvian military professor). On December 22, 1915, according to "O Tempo", "jiu-jitsu" world champion Maeda, head of the Japanese troupe, and Satake, New York champion, performed an enthusiastic and sensational "jiu-jitsu" match. On the same day, Nagib Assef, an Australian Greco-Roman wrestling champion of Turkish origin, challenged Maeda. On December 24, 1915, Maeda defeated in seconds the boxer Barbadiano Adolpho Corbiniano, who became one of his disciples. On January 3, 1916, at Theatro Politheama, Maeda finally fought Nagib Assef, who was thrown off the stage and pinned into submission by arm-lock. On January 8, 1916, Maeda, Okura, and Shimitsu boarded the SS "Antony" and left for Liverpool. Tokugoro Ito went to Los Angeles. Satake and Laku stayed in Manaus teaching, according to "O Tempo", "jiu-jitsu". After 15 years together, Maeda and Satake had finally split up. Of this last trip, little is known.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: Maeda was still popular in Brazil, and recognized as a great fighter, although he only fought sporadically after his return. Around 1918–1919, Maeda accepted a challenge from the famous capoeirista Pé de Bola. Maeda allowed Pé de Bola to use a knife in the fight. The capoeirista was 190 cm tall and weighed 100 kg. Maeda won the match quickly. In 1921, Maeda founded his first judo academy in Brazil. It was called Clube Remo' and its building was a 4m x 4m shed. Later, it was moved to the Fire Brigade headquarters and then to the church of "N.S. de Aparecida". In 1991, the Academy was located in the SESI and was run by Alfredo Mendes Coimbra, of the third generation of Conde Koma's descendants.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: On September 18, 1921, Maeda, Satake, and Okura were briefly in New York City. They were aboard the Booth Line steamship SS "Polycarp". All three men listed their occupations as professors of "juitso". After leaving New York, the three men went to the Caribbean, where they stayed from September to December 1921. At some point in this trip, Maeda was joined by his wife. In Havana, Satake and Maeda took part in some contests. Their opponents included Paul Alvarez, who wrestled as Espanol Icognito. Alvarez defeated Satake and Yako Okura—the latter being billed as a former instructor at the Chilean Naval Academy—before being himself beaten by Maeda. Maeda also defeated a Cuban boxer called Jose Ibarra, and a French wrestler called Fournier. The Havana papers attributed Maeda with a Cuban student called Conde Chenard.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: In 1925, Maeda became involved with helping settle Japanese immigrants near Tome-açú, a Japanese-owned company town in Pará, Brazil. This was part of a large tract in the Amazon forest set aside for Japanese settlement by the Brazilian government. The crops grown by the Japanese were not popular with the Brazilians, and the Japanese investors eventually gave up on the project. Maeda also continued teaching judo, now mostly to the children of Japanese immigrants. Consequently, in 1929, the Kodokan promoted him to 6th "dan", and on November 27, 1941, to 7th "dan". Maeda never knew of this final promotion, because he died in Belém on November 28, 1941. The cause of death was kidney disease.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: In May 1956, a memorial to Maeda was erected in Hirosaki City, Japan. The dedication ceremony was attended by Risei Kano and Kaichiro Samura.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: Gastão Gracie was a business partner of the American Circus in Belém. In 1916, Italian-Argentine circus Queirolo Brothers staged shows there and presented Maeda. In 1917, Carlos Gracie, the 14‑year-old son of Gastão Gracie, watched a demonstration by Maeda at the Da Paz Theatre and decided to learn judo. Maeda accepted Gracie and Luiz França as students, and the youth became a great exponent of the art and ultimately, with his younger brother Hélio Gracie, founded Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, modern Brazilian jiu-jitsu. In 1921, Gastão Gracie and his family moved to Rio de Janeiro. Carlos, then 17 years old, passed Maeda's teachings on to his brothers Osvaldo, Gastão, and Jorge. Carlos and Hélio are considered the founders of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.


title: Mitsuyo Maeda

text: Maeda not only taught the art of jujutsu/judo to Carlos Gracie, but also taught a particular philosophy about the nature of combat based on his travels competing and training alongside Newaza specialized jujutsukas like Sadakazu Uyenishi, Taro Miyake, catch-wrestlers, boxers, savate fighters, and various other martial artists. The book details Maeda's theory - one common amongst the jujutsu pioneers in London and also common in boxing vs grappling matches that were popular in the 1800s- that physical combat could be broken down into distinct phases, such as the striking phase, the grappling phase, the ground phase, and so on. Thus, it was a smart fighter's task to keep the fight located in the phase of combat that best suited his own strengths. The book further states that this theory was a fundamental influence on the Gracie approach to combat. The approach included armed versus armed, armed versus unarmed, unarmed, standing (tachiwaza, 立ち技), kneeling (suwariwaza, 座技), and ground work (newaza, 寝技), close quarters (hakuheijugi, 白兵主義), and other forms of combat. It was employed by other proponents of judo ("Kano-ryu jiu-jutsu") who, like Maeda, engaged in challenge matches fighting overseas as JuJitsu spread internationally (e.g., Yukio Tani Taro Miyake in the United Kingdom from 1900/1904, Mikonosuke Kawaishi in France, and others).


title: Uzhhorod

text: Uzhhorod (, , ; ) is a city and municipality on the river Uzh in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistant from the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea (650–690 km) making it the most inland city in this part of Europe. It is the administrative center of Zakarpattia Oblast (region), as well as the administrative center of the Uzhhorod Raion (district) within the oblast. Population:


title: Uzhhorod

text: The city's earliest known name is "Ungvár", from Hungarian "Ung" (River Uzh) and "vár" "castle, fortress", originally referring to a castle outside the city (probably Nevytske Castle).


title: Uzhhorod

text: The name "Uzhhorod" was coined in early 19th century Slavophile circles as a literal translation of the name "Ungvár". The city officially adopted this name some time after 1920, under Czechoslovak administration.


title: Uzhhorod

text: The best known of the first city founders are early Slavs. One of their tribes – White Croats – settled the area of the modern Uzhhorod in the second half of the first millennium AD. During the 9th century a fortified castle changed into a fortified early feudal town-settlement, which became the center of a new Slavic principality, at the head of which was a mythical prince Laborec, who was vassal of Great Moravia . Great Moravia, according to historians and experts did not extend as far east as Uzhgorod, in fact, it was west of what is now the City of Bratislava, Slovakia. According to Gesta Hungarorum, the city was under the rule of Salan, the Bulgarian Prince.


title: Uzhhorod

text: Having been encouraged by Salan's men, Almos's Magyars who had arrived in the region from Kyiv (then known as Kevevara) stormed Ung fortress in 895 AD. They encountered no resistance from the original "Ungvarian" White-Croats under Laborec and, after capture, Laborec was beheaded on the banks of the Laborcy river that still carries his name. Having taken over the Ung-Var, Almos appointed his son Árpád as prince of Hunguaria and from Ung-Var all of his warriors were called Hungarians instead.


title: Uzhhorod

text: After the arrival of the Hungarians, the small town began to extend its borders. In 1241–1242 the Mongols of Batu Khan burnt the settlement. After, in 1248 the city was granted town privileges by the King Béla IV of Hungary. In the early 14th century, Uzhhorod showed strong resistance to the new Hungarian rulers of the Anjou dynasty. Although the majority of inhabitants were Hungarians, they wanted more freedom. From 1318 for 360 years, the Drugeths (Italian counts from the Kingdom of Naples) owned the town. During that period Philip Drugeth built Uzhhorod Castle. Together with the castle, the city began to grow. From 1430, Uzhhorod became a free royal town.


title: Uzhhorod

text: During the 16–17th centuries there were many handicraft corporations in Uzhhorod. In this period the city was engaged in the religious fight between primarily Protestant Transylvania and Catholic Austria. In 1646 the Union of Ungvár was proclaimed and the Greek-Catholic church was established in Subcarpathia, in a ceremony held in the Ungvár castle by the Vatican Aegis. In 1707 Ungvár was the residence of Ferenc II Rákóczi, leader of the national liberation war of Hungarians against Vienna. From 1780 the city became the capital of the Greek Catholic Eparchy and from 1776 the center of a newly created school district.


title: Uzhhorod

text: The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by economic changes, including the first factories in the city. The greatest influence on Ungvár among the political events of the 19th century was made by the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849, during which the native Hungarian nobility sought both to shake off the suzerainty of the Austrian Empire and to have authority over their own people. 27 March 1848 was officially celebrated in the city as the overthrow of the monarchy in Hungary. It is now celebrated in Hungary on 15 March.


title: Uzhhorod

text: In 1872 the first railway line opened, linking the city to the important railway junction of Chop, then known as Csap.


title: Uzhhorod

text: According to the 1910 census, the city had 16,919 inhabitants, of which 13,590 (80.3%) were Magyars, 1,219 (7.2%) Slovaks, 1,151 (6.8%) Germans, 641 (3.8%) Rusyns and 1.6% Czechs. Since Jews were not counted as ethnicity (as defined by language), rather only religious group, this Austrian-Hungarian census does not specifically mention the Jewish population, which was significant, and represented about 31% of the total population in 1910. At the same time, the municipal area of the city had a population composed of 10,541 (39.05%) Hungarians, 9,908 (36.71%) Slovaks, and 5,520 (20.45%) Rusyns.


title: Uzhhorod

text: The First World War slowed down the tempo of city development. On 10 September 1919, Subcarpathia was officially allocated to the Republic of Czechoslovakia. Uzhhorod became the administrative center of the territory. During these years Uzhhorod developed into an architecturally modern city.


title: Uzhhorod

text: After the First Vienna Award in 1938, Uzhhorod was given back to Hungary from which it was separated after WWI.


title: Uzhhorod

text: In 1941 the Jewish population reached 9,576. On 19 March 1944, Germans troops entered the city. They established a "Judenrat" (Jewish council) and set up two ghettos, at the Moskovitz brickyard and Gluck lumberyard. During May 1944, all Jews were deported to Auschwitz in five different transports and subsequently murdered. Only a few hundred Jews survived.


title: Uzhhorod

text: On 27 October 1944, the city was captured by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front of the Red Army. Thousands of ethnic Hungarians were killed, expelled, or else taken to work in Soviet forced labor camps. The Hungarian majority population was decimated in order to strengthen the Soviet and Ukrainian right to the city.


title: Uzhhorod

text: This period brought significant changes. On the outskirts of Uzhhorod new enterprises were constructed and the old enterprises were renewed. On 29 June 1945, Subcarpathian Ukraine was annexed by the Soviet Union and became a westernmost part of the Ukrainian SSR. That year the Uzhhorod State University (now Uzhhorod National University) was also opened. Since January 1946 Uzhhorod was the center of newly formed Zakarpatska oblast.


title: Uzhhorod

text: Since 1991 Uzhhorod has become one of 24 regional capitals within Ukraine. Of these, Uzhhorod is the smallest and westernmost.


title: Uzhhorod

text: In 2002, a bust of Tomáš Masaryk, Czechoslovakia's first president, was unveiled in a main square of the city. A similar bust was unveiled in 1928 on the 10th anniversary of Czechoslovak independence, but was removed by the Hungarians when they took over the region in 1939.


title: Uzhhorod

text: On 15 April 2022, as part of the derussification campaign that swept through Ukraine following the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Uzhhorod City Council decided to rename 58 streets connected to Russian figures.


title: Uzhhorod

text: United States First Lady Jill Biden visited the city on 8 May 2022, which was not announced to the public until after the visit.


title: Uzhhorod

text: Uzhhorod has a humid continental climate (Köppen: "Dfb") with cool to cold winters and warm summers. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of while the warmest month is July with an average temperature of . The coldest temperature ever recorded is and the warmest temperature was . Average annual precipitation is , which is evenly distributed throughout the year though the summer months have higher precipitation. On average, Uzhhorod receives 2023 hours of sunshine per year.


title: Uzhhorod

text: The city is served by Uzhhorod railway station and has railway connections with Chop and Lviv. It is also served by Uzhhorod International Airport.


title: Uzhhorod

text: The city was home to the SC Rusj Užhorod football club from 1925. Contemporary side FC Hoverla Uzhhorod made their debut in the Ukrainian Premier League in 2001, but dissolved in 2016 due to money issues.


title: Uzhhorod

text: In 2020 professional football matches at the highest levels of Ukraine returned to Uzhhorod since the 2020–21 season FC Mynai plays its home matches in the Avanhard Stadium. FC Uzhhorod currently in Ukrainian Second League also plays its matches at Avanhard Stadium.


title: Bandcamp

text: Bandcamp is an American online audio distribution platform founded in 2007 by Oddpost co-founder Ethan Diamond and programmers Shawn Grunberger, Joe Holt and Neal Tucker, with headquarters in Oakland, California, US. On March 2, 2022, Bandcamp was acquired by Epic Games.


title: Bandcamp

text: Bandcamp was founded in 2007 by Ethan Diamond and programmers Shawn Grunberger, Joe Holt and Neal Tucker, headquartered in Oakland, California, US.


title: Bandcamp

text: In November 2020, Bandcamp launched Bandcamp Live, a ticketed live-streaming service for artists. The service is an integrated feature of the Bandcamp website. Fees on tickets were waived until March 31, 2021, and became 10% from then.


title: Bandcamp

text: Bandcamp provides vinyl pressing services for artists. After a 50-artist pilot in 2020, the company opened limited access to 10,000 artists in early 2021 with plans for further expansion. Their fans preorder the pressing rather than having the artist fund it upfront. Bandcamp lets artists set their own price. The company's two million vinyl sales in 2020 doubled that of 2019.


title: Bandcamp

text: Bandcamp was acquired by Epic Games on March 2, 2022. Epic said the platform “will play an important role in Epic’s vision to build out a creator marketplace ecosystem...". Ethan Diamond said “Bandcamp will keep operating as a stand-alone marketplace and music community...".


title: Bandcamp

text: Artists and labels upload music to Bandcamp and control how they sell it, setting their own prices, offering users the option to pay more, and selling merchandise.


title: Bandcamp

text: Users can download their purchases or stream their music on the Bandcamp application or website only once or, by preserving the purchase voucher, unlimited times. They can also send purchased music as a gift, view lyrics, and save individual songs or albums to a wish list. Uploading music to Bandcamp is free. The company takes a 15% commission on sales made from their website, which drops to 10% after an artist's sales surpass US$5,000, plus payment processing fees.


title: Bandcamp

text: Downloads are offered in lossy formats MP3 (LAME, 320k or V0), AAC and Ogg Vorbis, and in lossless formats FLAC, ALAC, WAV and AIFF. In addition to digital downloads artists may offer to sell their music on physical media such as CD or vinyl.


title: Bandcamp

text: Bandcamp's website offers users access to an artist's page, with information on the artist, social media links, merchandising links and listing their available music. Artists can change the look of their page and customize its features.


title: Bandcamp

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 Bandcamp announced that they would be waiving their share of revenue and donating all sales to artists for 24 hours on March 20. They repeated the initiative in the following months and began calling these days "Bandcamp Fridays"; they are scheduled once every month and the website "Is It Bandcamp Friday?" was established to provide timing clarity to those outside the Pacific Time Zone. After raising more than $40 million for its musicians in 2020 through Bandcamp Fridays, the platform extended the program to four additional dates in 2021.


title: Bandcamp

text: In response to the protests that took place following the murder of George Floyd and other African Americans who had died from police violence, Bandcamp announced that for 24 hours on June 19, 2020 they would donate 100% of profits to the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.


title: Bandcamp

text: Bandcamp gained much attention in July 2010 when Amanda Palmer, Low Places and Bedhed gave up their record labels and started selling albums on Bandcamp, using Twitter for promotion.


title: Bandcamp

text: Will Toledo initially released his 2011 studio album "Twin Fantasy" on Bandcamp. The album has since gained a cult following, thanks to online forums Reddit and 4chan, and has been downloaded over 33,000 times.


title: Bandcamp

text: Several indie game developers published their game soundtracks on Bandcamp, including the creators of "Aquaria", "Bastion", "Cuphead", "Sanctum", "Machinarium", "Terraria", "Plants vs. Zombies", "Limbo", "Super Meat Boy", "To the Moon", "", "Fez", "Minecraft", "Undertale", "Deltarune," and "Stardew Valley."


title: Bandcamp

text: In December 2014, Bandcamp for Labels was launched. Popular independent labels such as Sub Pop, Fat Wreck Chords, Relapse Records and Epitaph Records launched their own Bandcamp pages.


title: Bandcamp

text: On June 18, 2020, Björk published her discography on the platform. In December, UK label Warp joined Bandcamp, this made records by Hudson Mohawke, Aphex Twin, Kelela and other available on the platform.


title: Bandcamp

text: In the summer of 2016, their editorial content was expanded by launching Bandcamp Daily, an online music publication about artists on the platform. The publication is based in New York. Its managing editor is Jes Skolnik, a writer for "Pitchfork", "BuzzFeed" and "The New York Times", as well as former author of punk zines. Among "Bandcamp Daily" columnists have been writers of "Wired", "Vice", NPR Music, "Pitchfork" and "Paste".


title: Bandcamp

text: On August 4, 2017, the staff of "Bandcamp Daily" donated all of the day's sales proceeds to the Transgender Law Center, a civil rights organization for transgender people.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: The Exorcist is a 1971 horror novel by American writer William Peter Blatty. The book details the demonic possession of eleven-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the two priests who attempt to exorcise the demon. Published by Harper & Row, the novel was the basis of a highly successful film adaptation released two years later, whose screenplay was also written and produced by Blatty, and part of "The Exorcist" franchise.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: The novel was inspired by a 1949 case of supposed demonic possession and exorcism that Blatty heard about while he was a student in the class of 1950 at Georgetown University. As a result, the novel takes place in Washington, D.C., near the campus of Georgetown University. In September 2011, the novel was reprinted by HarperCollins to celebrate its fortieth anniversary, with slight revisions made by Blatty as well as interior title artwork by Jeremy Caniglia.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: An elderly Jesuit priest named Father Lankester Merrin is leading an archaeological dig in northern Iraq and is studying ancient relics. After discovering a small statue of the demon Pazuzu (an actual ancient Assyrian demon), a series of omens alerts him to a pending confrontation with a powerful evil, which, unknown to the reader at this point, he has battled before in an exorcism in Africa.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: Meanwhile, in Georgetown, a young girl named Regan MacNeil is living with her famous mother, actress Chris MacNeil, who is in Georgetown filming a movie. As Chris finishes her work on the film, Regan begins to become inexplicably ill. After a gradual series of poltergeist-like disturbances in their rented house, for which Chris attempts to find rational explanations, Regan begins to rapidly undergo disturbing psychological and physical changes: she refuses to eat or sleep, becomes withdrawn and frenetic, and increasingly aggressive and violent. Chris initially mistakes Regan's behavior for the result of repressed anger over her parents' divorce and absent father.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: Coupled with these events are disturbances at the local Holy Trinity Church which has been desecrated on several occasions potentially linked to Black Mass and is causing local concerns about occult activity.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: After several unsuccessful psychiatric and medical treatments, Regan's mother, an atheist, turns to a local Jesuit priest for help as Regan's personality becomes increasingly disturbed and the doctors still cannot find a source. Father Damien Karras, who is currently going through a crisis of faith coupled with the recent loss of his mother, agrees to see Regan as a psychiatrist, but initially resists the notion that it is an actual demonic possession, pointing to advances in science which can explain what was previously assumed to be possession. After a few meetings with the child, now completely inhabited by a diabolical personality claiming to be the devil, he turns to the local bishop for permission to perform an exorcism on the child.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: The bishop with whom he consults does not believe Karras is qualified to perform the rites, and appoints the experienced Merrin—who has recently returned to the United States—to perform the exorcism, although he does allow the doubt-ridden Karras to assist him. The lengthy exorcism tests the priests both physically and spiritually. When Merrin, who had previously suffered cardiac arrhythmia, dies during the process, completion of the exorcism ultimately falls upon Father Karras. When he demands that the demonic spirit inhabit him instead of the innocent Regan, the demon seizes the opportunity to possess the priest. Karras heroically surrenders his own life in exchange for Regan's by jumping out of her bedroom window and falling to his death, regaining his faith in God as his last rites are read.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: Aspects of the character Father Merrin were based on the British archaeologist Gerald Lankester Harding, who had excavated the caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls had been found and whom Blatty had met in Beirut. Blatty has stated that Harding "was the physical model in my mind when I created the character [of Merrin], whose first name, please note, is Lankester".


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: Aspects of the novel were inspired by an exorcism performed by the Jesuit priest, Fr. William S. Bowdern, who formerly taught at both St. Louis University and St. Louis University High School. Recent investigative research by freelance journalist Mark Opsasnick indicates that this was the real 1949 exorcism of a young boy from Cottage City, Maryland, whom Opsasnick refers to using the pseudonyms Robbie Mannheim and Roland Doe. The boy was sent to his relative's home on Roanoke Drive in St. Louis where most of the exorcism took place. However, according to the journalist: "There is simply too much evidence that indicates that as a boy he [Roland Doe] had serious emotional problems stemming from his home life. There is not one shred of hard evidence to support the notion of demonic possession".


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: Blatty refers to the Loudun possessions and the Louviers possessions throughout the story, mostly when Fr. Karras is researching possession and exorcism to present the case to his superiors. He also has one of his characters tell a brief story about an unnamed fraudulent medium who had studied to be a Jesuit priest. This story can be found in "Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research", Vol. 114. 1930, in an article about fraudulent practices by Daniel Dunglas Home.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: According to research from the Spanish Book Institute, the Spanish-translated version was the eighth-most popular book sold in Spain in 1975.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: Cemetery Dance published a special omnibus edition of "The Exorcist" and its sequel "Legion" in October 2010, signed by Blatty (). A limited edition of 750 copies (with an additional 52 leatherbound copies), it is now out of print. In September 2011, "The Exorcist" was re-released as a 40th Anniversary Edition in paperback, hardcover and audiobook editions with differing cover artwork. This new, updated edition featured and revised material, as Blatty writes: "The 40th Anniversary Edition of The Exorcist will have a touch of new material in it as part of an all-around polish of the dialogue and prose. It also features all new cover artwork and interiors by the artist Jeremy Caniglia. First time around I never had the time (meaning the funds) to do a second draft, and this, finally, is it. With forty years to think about it, a few little changes were inevitable — plus one new character in a totally new, very spooky scene. This is the version I would like to be remembered for".


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: In 1973, the novel was adapted by Blatty for the film of the same name and directed by William Friedkin with Ellen Burstyn, Max von Sydow, Lee J. Cobb, Jack MacGowran, Jason Miller and Linda Blair. The screenplay for the film won Blatty an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. In 1974 famed Japanese horror author Kazuo Umezu also created a short comic adaptation of this film.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: In February 2014, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a two-part adaptation of the novel by Robert Forrest produced and directed by Gaynor MacFarlane and


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: starring Robert Glenister as Father Karras, Lydia Wilson as Regan, Teresa Gallagher as Chris MacNeil, Karl Johnson as Detective Kinderman, Bryan Dick as Father Dyer, Alexandra Mathie as The Demon and Ian McDiarmid as Father Merrin.


title: The Exorcist (novel)

text: A stage adaptation of the novel was written by John Pielmeier and premiered at Geffen Playhouse in Los Angeles in July 2012. It was directed by John Doyle and starred Brooke Shields, David Wilson Barnes, Richard Chamberlain, Emily Yetter, Harry Groener, Roslyn Ruff, Manoel Felciano, Tom Nelis, and Stephen Bogardus. The play made its UK premiere at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in October 2016, co-produced by Bill Kenwright. The new production was directed by Sean Mathias, designed by Anna Fleischle and starred Jenny Seagrove as Chris, Peter Bowles as Merrin and Adam Garcia as Damien.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: In the mathematical field of graph theory, a Hamiltonian path (or traceable path) is a path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian cycle (or Hamiltonian circuit) is a cycle that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian path that starts and ends at adjacent vertices can be completed by adding one more edge to form a Hamiltonian cycle, and removing any edge from a Hamiltonian cycle produces a Hamiltonian path. Determining whether such paths and cycles exist in graphs (the Hamiltonian path problem and Hamiltonian cycle problem) are NP-complete.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: Hamiltonian paths and cycles are named after William Rowan Hamilton who invented the icosian game, now also known as "Hamilton's puzzle", which involves finding a Hamiltonian cycle in the edge graph of the dodecahedron. Hamilton solved this problem using the icosian calculus, an algebraic structure based on roots of unity with many similarities to the quaternions (also invented by Hamilton). This solution does not generalize to arbitrary graphs.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: Despite being named after Hamilton, Hamiltonian cycles in polyhedra had also been studied a year earlier by Thomas Kirkman, who, in particular, gave an example of a polyhedron without Hamiltonian cycles. Even earlier, Hamiltonian cycles and paths in the knight's graph of the chessboard, the knight's tour, had been studied in the 9th century in Indian mathematics by Rudrata, and around the same time in Islamic mathematics by al-Adli ar-Rumi. In 18th century Europe, knight's tours were published by Abraham de Moivre and Leonhard Euler.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: A "Hamiltonian path" or "traceable path" is a path that visits each vertex of the graph exactly once. A graph that contains a Hamiltonian path is called a traceable graph. A graph is Hamiltonian-connected if for every pair of vertices there is a Hamiltonian path between the two vertices.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: A "Hamiltonian cycle", "Hamiltonian circuit", "vertex tour" or "graph cycle" is a cycle that visits each vertex exactly once. A graph that contains a Hamiltonian cycle is called a Hamiltonian graph.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: Similar notions may be defined for "directed graphs", where each edge (arc) of a path or cycle can only be traced in a single direction (i.e., the vertices are connected with arrows and the edges traced "tail-to-head").


title: Hamiltonian path

text: A "Hamilton maze" is a type of logic puzzle in which the goal is to find the unique Hamiltonian cycle in a given graph.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: Any Hamiltonian cycle can be converted to a Hamiltonian path by removing one of its edges, but a Hamiltonian path can be extended to Hamiltonian cycle only if its endpoints are adjacent.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: All Hamiltonian graphs are biconnected, but a biconnected graph need not be Hamiltonian (see, for example, the Petersen graph).


title: Hamiltonian path

text: An Eulerian graph (a connected graph in which every vertex has even degree) necessarily has an Euler tour, a closed walk passing through each edge of exactly once. This tour corresponds to a Hamiltonian cycle in the line graph , so the line graph of every Eulerian graph is Hamiltonian. Line graphs may have other Hamiltonian cycles that do not correspond to Euler tours, and in particular the line graph of every Hamiltonian graph is itself Hamiltonian, regardless of whether the graph is Eulerian.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: The number of different Hamiltonian cycles in a complete undirected graph on vertices is and in a complete directed graph on vertices is . These counts assume that cycles that are the same apart from their starting point are not counted separately.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: The best vertex degree characterization of Hamiltonian graphs was provided in 1972 by the Bondy–Chvátal theorem, which generalizes earlier results by G. A. Dirac (1952) and Øystein Ore. Both Dirac's and Ore's theorems can also be derived from Pósa's theorem (1962). Hamiltonicity has been widely studied with relation to various parameters such as graph density, toughness, forbidden subgraphs and distance among other parameters. Dirac and Ore's theorems basically state that a graph is Hamiltonian if it has "enough edges".


title: Hamiltonian path

text: The Bondy–Chvátal theorem operates on the closure of a graph with vertices, obtained by repeatedly adding a new edge connecting a nonadjacent pair of vertices and with until no more pairs with this property can be found.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: As complete graphs are Hamiltonian, all graphs whose closure is complete are Hamiltonian, which is the content of the following earlier theorems by Dirac and Ore.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: The number of vertices must be doubled because each undirected edge corresponds to two directed arcs and thus the degree of a vertex in the directed graph is twice the degree in the undirected graph.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: The above theorem can only recognize the existence of a Hamiltonian path in a graph and not a Hamiltonian Cycle.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: Many of these results have analogues for balanced bipartite graphs, in which the vertex degrees are compared to the number of vertices on a single side of the bipartition rather than the number of vertices in the whole graph.


title: Hamiltonian path

text: An algebraic representation of the Hamiltonian cycles of a given weighted digraph (whose arcs are assigned weights from a certain ground field) is the Hamiltonian cycle polynomial of its weighted adjacency matrix defined as the sum of the products of the arc weights of the digraph's Hamiltonian cycles. This polynomial is not identically zero as a function in the arc weights if and only if the digraph is Hamiltonian. The relationship between the computational complexities of computing it and computing the permanent was shown by Grigoriy Kogan.


title: Shenmue

text: The "Shenmue" games consist of open-world 3D environments interspersed with brawler battles and quick time events. They include elements of role-playing, life simulation and social simulation games, such as a day-and-night system, variable weather effects, non-player characters with daily schedules, and interactive elements such as vending machines, arcades, and minigames. The story follows the teenage martial artist Ryo Hazuki as he travels through 1980s Japan and China in pursuit of his father's killer. The original "Shenmue" was the most expensive video game ever developed at the time, with an estimated production and marketing cost of US$47 to $70 million, though some of the development also covered "Shenmue II".


title: Shenmue

text: "Shenmue I" and "II" received mostly positive reviews; critics praised its graphics, soundtrack, realism and ambition, but criticized their controls, slow pace and voice acting, and their realism and focus on mundane detail divided players. They attracted a cult following, appearing in several lists of the greatest video games of all time, and are credited for pioneering game systems including quick time events and open worlds. However, the games were commercial failures and further installments entered development hell.


title: Shenmue

text: In 2004, Sega announced a spin-off massively multiplayer online role-playing game, "Shenmue Online", but it was not released. In 2010, a social game, "Shenmue City", was launched in Japan; it was shut down a year later. In 2018, Sega released high-definition ports of "Shenmue" and "Shenmue II" for multiple formats. Following a successful crowdfunding campaign, Suzuki developed "Shenmue III" independently; it was released for PlayStation 4 and Windows in 2019, and received mixed reviews. An anime adaptation of "Shenmue", co-produced by Crunchyroll and Adult Swim, premiered in February 2022.


title: Shenmue

text: The creator of "Shenmue", Yu Suzuki, joined Sega in 1983 and created several successful arcade games, including "Hang-On" (1985)", Out Run" (1986) and "Virtua Fighter" (1993). In comparison to arcade games, where the ideal experience was only a few minutes long, Suzuki wanted to make a longer experience. In 1996, he and Sega AM2 began developing a Saturn RPG based on the "Virtua Fighter" series.


title: Shenmue

text: In 1997, development moved to Sega's upcoming console, the Dreamcast, and the "Virtua Fighter" connection was dropped. By the time of the Dreamcast's release in Japan in November 1998, the game had been titled "Shenmue". Sega advertised "Shenmue" as belonging to a new genre it termed "full reactive eyes entertainment" or "FREE". It became the most expensive game ever developed at the time, reported to have cost US$70 million; in 2011, Suzuki said the figure was closer to $47 million including marketing. The development also covered some of "Shenmue II" (2001), which was completed for a smaller figure, and possibly groundwork for future "Shenmue" games.


title: Shenmue

text: "Shenmue" was released on December 29, 1999 in Japan, November 8, 2000 in North America, and December 1, 2000 in Europe. "Shenmue II" was released for Dreamcast in 2001 in Japan and Europe only; an Xbox port followed in 2002 in Japan, Europe and North America. Despite attracting positive reviews and a cult following, neither game made a profit and "Shenmue III" entered a period of development hell lasting over a decade.


title: Shenmue

text: Suzuki worked on various projects which failed to see release, including "Shenmue Online", a PC MMORPG announced in 2004. He established his own development company, Ys Net, in 2008 and left Sega in 2011. In 2010, Sega announced "Shenmue City", a social game for the Mobage service. It was not released outside Japan and was shut down in December 2011.


title: Shenmue

text: During Sony's presentation at the E3 conference on June 15, 2015, Suzuki announced a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign for "Shenmue III," having licensed the series from Sega. "Shenmue III" became the fastest-funded and the highest-funded video game project in Kickstarter history, reaching its initial $2 million goal in just over nine hours, and earning $6.3 million in total. It was released on 19 November 2019 for PlayStation 4 and Windows.


title: Shenmue

text: Sega began developing remasters of "Shenmue I" and "II" featuring new models, textures and lighting, but it was canceled in 2017. Sega said that "working with original animations and characters but meshing them with enhanced HD visuals gave us a game that we felt would not meet the standards that "Shenmue" fans expect and deserve". Instead, in August 2018, Sega released high-definition ports for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The ports include new graphics and control options, improved user interfaces, and Japanese and English voices. Some details, such as product placement, are omitted, and cutscenes are presented in their original aspect ratio due to technical limitations.


title: Shenmue

text: In 2015, Suzuki said he hoped the series would cover four or five games. "Shenmue III" includes a letter to fans from Suzuki expressing his hope to develop "Shenmue IV". In 2020, Suzuki told "IGN" he had created "Shenmue III" "for the fans", and that he planned to give "Shenmue IV" more mainstream appeal.


title: Shenmue

text: In the "Shenmue" games, the player controls teenage martial arts pupil Ryo Hazuki as he investigates his father's murder. The player explores the Yokosuka, Hong Kong and Guilin open worlds, searching for clues, examining objects and talking to non-player characters for information. The games feature a 3D fighting system similar to Sega's "Virtua Fighter" series; Ryo can fight multiple opponents at once, and can practice moves to increase their power. In quick time events, the player must press the right combination of buttons at the right moment to succeed.


title: Shenmue

text: "Shenmue I" and "II" feature a level of detail considered unprecedented for games at the time of their release. Shops open and close, buses run to timetables, and characters have their own routines, each in accordance with the game's persistent clock. Ryo receives a daily allowance which can be spent on objects including food, raffle tickets, audio cassettes and capsule toys. There are several minigames; for example, Ryo can throw darts or play complete versions of Sega arcade games. He can earn money from minigames including driving forklift trucks, gambling, arm wrestling, fishing, and street fighting. The Dreamcast version of "Shenmue II" allow the player to import their save data from "Shenmue", carrying over money, inventory items and martial arts moves.


title: Shenmue

text: "IGN" described "Shenmue" as a "revenge epic in the tradition of Chinese cinema". According to Suzuki, the three games cover around 40% of the story he has planned.


title: Shenmue

text: In 1986 Yokosuka, Japan, teenage martial artist Ryo Hazuki returns to his family dojo to witness a confrontation between his father Iwao and a Chinese man, Lan Di. Lan Di demands Iwao give him a mysterious stone artifact, the dragon mirror. When he threatens to kill Ryo, Iwao tells him the mirror is buried under the cherry blossom tree outside. As Lan Di's men dig up the mirror, Lan Di mentions Zhao Sunming, whom Iwao allegedly killed in Mengcun, China. Lan Di delivers a finishing blow and Iwao dies in Ryo's arms.


title: Shenmue

text: Ryo's investigation leads him to Master Chen in the Yokosuka harbor. Through Chen and his son Guizhang, Ryo learns that the dragon mirror taken by Lan Di is one of two mirrors. He locates the second, the phoenix mirror, in a basement hidden beneath his father's dojo. He defeats a local gang connected to Lan Di's organization, and Master Chen tells him to seek the aid of Master Xiuying in Hong Kong. Ryo boards a boat to China.


title: Shenmue

text: In Hong Kong, Ryo finds Master Xiuying Hong, but she refuses to help him, considering his quest for vengeance reckless. Ryo teams up with a gang leader, Wuying Ren, a free-spirited motorcyclist, Joy, and a street boy, Wong, to find Yuanda Zhu, who sent Ryo's father a letter warning him of Lan Di's intentions.


title: Shenmue

text: Ryo and his allies locate Zhu in Kowloon Walled City, but are ambushed by the criminal Yellow Head organization and Zhu is kidnapped. Ryo rescues Zhu as Lan Di departs by helicopter. Zhu reveals that Lan Di killed Ryo's father because he believes Iwao killed his own father. Zhu also reveals that the mirrors will lead to the resurrection of the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China. Zhu advises Ryo to continue his search in the village of Bailu in Guilin, where Lan Di is also heading.


title: Shenmue

text: In Guilin, Ryo meets a teenage girl, Shenhua Ling, whose family is connected to the legacy of the dragon and phoenix mirrors. She leads Ryo to a stone quarry on the village outskirts to meet her father, but discovers he is missing.


title: Shenmue

text: Ryo learns that Lan Di's father, Zhao Sunming, once visited Bailu with Ryo's father to train under the local grandmaster. Zhao died under mysterious circumstances several years later. Ryo also discovers that the phoenix and dragon mirrors were created by Shenhua's great-grandfather at the request of the Chinese emperor.


title: Shenmue

text: Ryo and Shenhua learn that Shenhua's father, Yuan, has been kidnapped by a local gang looking for the phoenix mirror. Ryo defeats two of the thugs, but is defeated by their boss, Yanlang. He convinces Sun, a local martial arts master, to teach him a powerful Bajiquan move, and uses it to defeat Yanlang. A village elder helps them discover a map to the treasure connected to the mirrors. Ryo fends off an attack from Chai, who reveals that Yuan and Xu have been taken to the city of Niaowu.


title: Shenmue

text: In Niaowu, Ryo and Shenhua learn that a local gang, the Red Snakes, is holding Yuan and Xu hostage. Shenhua is tricked by a Chi You Men leader, Niao Sun. Ryo and his allies infiltrate the Chi You Men's castle and rescue Shenhua and her father. Ryo confronts Lan Di, but Lan Di easily defeats him. Niao Sun betrays Lan Di, and has her men burn the castle. Ryo, Ren and Shenhua continue their journey along the Great Wall of China.


title: Shenmue

text: The "Shenmue" series has received mostly positive reviews and has attracted a cult following, with "Shenmue I" and "II" appearing in several "greatest video games of all time" lists. "Shenmue III", released almost two decades later, received mixed reviews for its similarity to earlier games; some critics described it as outdated, while others praised its faithfulness to the franchise. The series has received praise for its graphics, soundtrack, realism and ambition, but criticism for its controls, slow pace and voice acting; its realism and focus on mundane detail has divided players.


title: Shenmue

text: "Shenmue" is credited for pioneering several game technologies; its large environments, wealth of options and level of detail have been compared to later open-world games including the "Grand Theft Auto" series, the "Yakuza" series, "Fallout 3" (2008), and "Deadly Premonition" (2010). "Shenmue" is also credited for naming and popularizing the quick time event in modern games, which was featured in the "Resident Evil", "God of War", and "Tomb Raider" series.


title: Shenmue

text: Several "Shenmue" soundtracks have been released. A promotional album, "Shenmue Juke Box," was packaged with the limited edition of the original game in Japan and North America, containing ten select tracks from the in-game cassette tapes.


title: Shenmue

text: A soundtrack for the first game, "," was released in 2000. In September 2015, Data Discs released the "Shenmue" soundtrack on vinyl in three separate colored editions. In March 2016, the music of "Shenmue" was voted into the Classic FM Hall of Fame in 144th place.


title: Shenmue

text: An anime adaptation of "Shenmue" was announced on September 4, 2020, at the virtual Crunchyroll Expo. It premiered on February 6, 2022, on the US network Adult Swim on Toonami and the streaming platform Crunchyroll. The series is directed by Sakurai Chikara, with Suzuki as executive producer, and adapts the events of the first two games. It was animated by Telecom Animation Film, with production management by Sola Entertainment.


title: Shenmue

text: Ryo Hazuki is a playable character in Sega's mascot racer "Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing". Ryo rides Naoyuki's motorbike and his special move features him driving a forklift, referencing his job at the Yokosuka Harbor. A second version of Ryo that only rides the forklift was released as downloadable content. In 2012, Steve Lycett, executive producer of Sumo Digital, encouraged a fan-made poll on the Sega forums to determine which three Sega characters the fans would like to see in "Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed" as downloadable content (DLC). Out of the 28 Sega characters chosen by the forum, Ryo Hazuki had the majority vote ranking 1st, while Hatsune Miku ranked 2nd, and Segata Sanshiro ranked 3rd.


title: Shenmue

text: On January 1, 2014, SEGA announced that Ryo will appear in the iOS and Android versions of "Sonic & All Stars Racing Transformed" which was released on January 2. On January 14, Ryo became available for purchase as DLC on Steam for the PC version of "Sonic and All Stars Racing Transformed". In this game, Ryo rides an arcade-themed vehicle that switches between "OutRun", "Hang-On", and "Space Harrier" arcade cabinets depending on its form.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: Need for Speed is an online open world racing video game developed by Ghost Games and published by Electronic Arts, released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in November 2015, and released on Origin for Microsoft Windows on March 15, 2016. It is the twenty-second installment in the "Need for Speed" series, and is a reboot of the franchise.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: Critics praised the game's visuals and customization but criticized it for being always-online with the inability to pause, which would also lead to performance issues on all platforms. Despite the reviews, "Need for Speed" was a commercial success. The game was followed by "Need for Speed Payback" in 2017.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: The first gameplay footage of the pre-alpha build for "Need for Speed" was revealed at EA's press conference at E3 on June 15, 2015. The E3 presentation shows a part of the story, followed by the customization of a Subaru BRZ which showed the new and improved customization system, and the 'action camera' which was later revealed to be one of the five different camera angles. There are five different gameplay types: Speed, Style, Crew, Build, and Outlaw where players can earn points for engaging in to progress in the game through five overlapping storylines. "Need for Speed" takes place in the fictional city of Ventura Bay and its surroundings which is based on Los Angeles.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: "Need for Speed" has a redesigned 'Wrap Editor', and body modifications return to the series after nearly five years. The game features real-life tuning companies including RAUH-Welt Begriff, SEIBON, and RTR Mustang. A new 'Handling Slider' was exhibited in the E3 gameplay video, which combines the best elements of the earlier Black Box titles' grippy tires, as well as the drift style of the newer Criterion titles.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: The story revolves around the player and a small ragtag group of racers waiting to be noticed by any of the game's five icons, all of them being real-world motorsport and street racing figures. Spike (Adam Long) wants to meet Magnus Walker, Amy (Faye Marsay) has a desire to greet Akira Nakai, Robyn (Christina Wolfe) wants to come to Risky Devil, Manu (Howard Charles) wants to impress Ken Block, and Travis (Leo Gregory) is inspired by Shinichi Morohoshi. As the game progresses, the player earns money and reputation among the other drivers and people he meets along the way. As soon as the player defeats Magnus Walker, however, a cutscene appears in which Spike becomes jealous and angry, saying that the player got the chance before Spike did. After this, Spike gets over it because of Travis saying to him that if one of them gets noticed, they all get noticed. Once the player becomes the ultimate icon, the final challenge is against Travis, Spike, Amy, Robyn, Manu, and the icons. After the race, the final cutscene includes all of them taking a group photo together, with the player wearing a mask to hide his true identity.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: Following the 2010 release of "", EA's own developer Criterion Games, developers of the award-winning racing video game series "Burnout", was given stewardship of the "Need for Speed" franchise with 2012's "". In a 2012 interview, "Most Wanted" executive producer Matt Webster told that while all future "Need for Speed" games may not be developed by Criterion, the studio would have creative oversight of the franchise moving forward.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: After just one year later, during a Gamescom interview with "Need for Speed Rivals" executive producer Marcus Nilsson told that the newly created Ghost Games studio was now in charge of the franchise; about 80 percent of Criterion was working on "Rivals" with the remaining group working on a mysterious "new project." A month later, vice president and creative director of Criterion Games, Alex Ward announced that 60 to 65 people moved from Criterion over to Ghost Games UK, seemingly permanently, to work on "Rivals" and the franchise, leaving about 20 at Criterion.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: In April 2013, "Electronic Gaming Monthly" published a report that a reboot of 2004's "" could be the next "NFS" game; that report was contradicted hours later by Criterion's Alex Ward. Initially it was suspected that Criterion would not be developing racing games in the short-term, but Ward clarified that he was speaking personally instead of speaking for the studio. In a 2013 interview with VideoGamer, Ghost's Marcus Nilsson stated that they were working to restore the credibility of the franchise. He also suggested a sequel to 2004's "" if the conditions were right. Later in the year, at the Eurogamer Expo, Nilsson hinted that the franchise might return to a style of progression in the future similar to the "Underground" - "" - "" series.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: In 2014, Electronic Arts CEO Andrew Wilson announced that there would not be a new "Need for Speed" game that year, making it the first year since 2001 that a "Need for Speed" game was not released.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 21 May 2015, EA announced their next "Need for Speed" game, with a teaser trailer, following marketing material tease days before. EA later clarified that the new "Need for Speed" game is not really a spiritual "Underground 3" game, but it would still "share a lot of the stuff that made that game great".


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 29 May 2015, EA confirmed that "Need for Speed" would require an online connection to play, but reassured that "the benefits are nice" for requiring such restriction. Previous "Need for Speed" games have featured connected online worlds for players to race and inhabit together, although they have not required a player to stay connected to play the game. This was met with criticism from critics, who pointed to 2013's "SimCity", which was unplayable at launch as a result of requiring an online connection to play. The reason for an always-online internet connection was because of Autolog's new in-game snapshot feature explained by Marcus Nilsson which rewards the players and their snapshots with Rep Points, Experience Points and in-game money if other players liked them enough.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 14 September 2015, Electronic Arts announced that "Need for Speed" for Windows had been delayed to Spring 2016 in order to allow Ghost Games to give the version an unlocked frame rate and increase the visual quality. The Windows release date has later been updated to a more precise 15 March in the US and 17 March everywhere else, and March 10 as a demo in the Origin access program. Along with that announcement, several other announcements were made, among which include Windows-exclusive support for 4K resolution, various gamepad and steering wheel controllers, and the previously-announced unlocked frame rate, as well as a manual transmission option for both the PC and console versions.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: The game is offered in two editions: the Standard Edition and the Deluxe Edition. The Deluxe Edition includes several extra features and content, such as a lifetime discount on all purchases made with in-game currency, a special VIP Icon, exclusive car wraps, more upgrades, and a pre-modified BMW M3 (E46) modeled after the M3 GTR from 2005's "Need for Speed: Most Wanted" as both the leading car on the game's cover and the player's tricked-out starter car that is in the garage next to the Honda Civic, the Subaru BRZ, or the Ford Mustang Foxbody in the "purchase your first car" menu.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: The game has neither microtransactions of any sort nor paid DLC. All additional content is available for free through mandatory updates, leading the game to be called the "Living Game" by developers.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 13 November 2015, the first game update was teased. Dubbed the Icons Update, the update was released on 25 November 2015, and saw a maximum rep level increase to 60. The update also includes two new unlockable bonus cars, improvements on wrap editor, new daily challenges, community events and a few new preset wraps.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 9 December 2015, Ghost Games released the Legends Update, which added (among other changes) songs from previous "Need for Speed" games, a maximum rep level increase to 70, new collectables and wraps, and the ability to mute phone calls. The update also introduced a new event series featuring Eddie and Melissa from "". Upon completion of this event series, the player will unlock Eddie's 1999 Nissan Skyline GT-R V-Spec.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 3 February 2016, Ghost Games released the Showcase Update, which added fully customizable license plates and the ability to share car wraps to friends or the community, in addition to repair shops and improvements on photo-taking features. On 3 March 2016, an update dubbed the Hot Rods Update was released, which added drag races, two hot rod cars, a manual transmission option, and an increase in the number of garage car slots from five to ten. On 24 March 2016, the 2017 facelift of the Nissan GT-R Premium (R35) was added to the game.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On 27 April 2016, the sixth and final update, the SpeedLists Update, was released, which introduced multiplayer tournament series, where players can compete against each other to earn SpeedPoints to raise their multiplayer rank. The update also introduced the new ability to replay story missions with increased difficulty through Prestige (unlocked by completing all story missions).


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: Luke Reilly of IGN gave the game a score of 6.3 out of 10, praising the game's great visuals and sound and the drifting feeling, but criticizing the game's story, the game being too brief, the multiplayer, AI, daft time-of-night effects, having no drag racing, and no ability to pause the game. Alexander Kalogianni of Digital Trends awarded "Need for Speed" a score of 6.0 out of 10, praising the game for its gorgeously stylized game world, multitude of tweakable car characteristics, engaging visual, customization options, and cool soundtrack, but criticized it for repetitive mission types and the AI being aloof.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: Scott Butterworth of GameSpot gave the game an 8 out of 10. Butterworth praised "Need for Speed" for the visually stunning city, deep rewarding progression, genuinely customizable handling, and nail-biting sense of speed, but at the same time criticized the rubber-banding AI, draconian drift scoring system, and always-online, rendering the game unable to be paused. Sam Loveridge of TrustedReviews gave "Need for Speed" 4½ out of five stars giving praise to the stunning night racing and weather effects, but panned the inability to play offline, the inability to pause gameplay, and the "insufferable" live action cutscenes and constant calls.


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: The "Need for Speed" reboot had 67% of copies sold on PS4, with 33% on Xbox One. "Need for Speed" was the seventh best selling game in the United States in November 2015 according to the NPD Group. The game debuted at #6 on the Japanese Sales Charts, selling 19,000 copies. In the UK, it reached number 2 in the sales chart, behind "".


title: Need for Speed (2015 video game)

text: On January 28, 2016, "Need for Speed" saw twice as many monthly active players in Q3 compared to "Need for Speed Rivals".


title: Leslie Benzies

text: Leslie Peter Benzies (born 17 January 1971) is a Scottish video game producer and the former president of Rockstar North, a subsidiary of Rockstar Games. He was the lead developer on the "Grand Theft Auto" series, taking responsibility from "Grand Theft Auto III" to "Grand Theft Auto V" (including "Grand Theft Auto Online"). Benzies is no longer working for Rockstar, and was in a lawsuit with its parent company, Take-Two Interactive, over unpaid royalties from April 2016 to February 2019.


title: Leslie Benzies

text: Benzies was born in Aberdeen but moved far to Elgin when he was young. When Benzies was 11, his father Leonard purchased a Dragon 32 computer. Benzies taught himself how to program and wrote his first game.


title: Leslie Benzies

text: Benzies' professional career as a video game programmer began in 1995 at DMA Design (now Rockstar North), where he was team lead developing the Nintendo 64 video game "Space Station Silicon Valley". This game was released in October 1998, after which he started assembling the team that would create "Grand Theft Auto III".


title: Leslie Benzies

text: In June 2014, he announced a deal to purchase the St Stephen's Church in Stockbridge, Edinburgh for a little over £500,000. He plans to preserve the building and create a trust composed of members of the community to manage it.


title: Leslie Benzies

text: Benzies took sabbatical leave from Rockstar on 1 September 2014. In January 2016 it was announced that he had left the company. Benzies later claimed that he was persuaded to take the sabbatical, during which his son and several of his friends were fired from the company and his email access was suspended; when he attempted to return to work, he was ordered to leave by the office manager and says that the company made "scurrilous allegations" about his actions at work. On 12 April 2016, Benzies started legal action against Rockstar Games and its parent Take-Two Interactive claiming $150 million in unpaid royalties.


title: Leslie Benzies

text: In January 2017, he set up five new companies including Royal Circus Games which intends to develop games for consoles, PCs and mobile devices.


title: Leslie Benzies

text: On 29 March 2018, Benzies' litigation against Rockstar and Take-Two suffered a significant setback when the companies succeeded in dismissing 12 out of 18 of his claims, though the court did rule that Benzies "remains entitled to receive certain royalties" as part of his compensation.


title: Leslie Benzies

text: On 1 October 2018, it was announced that Benzies' new company was called "Build a Rocket Boy Games". The company has raised £32 million from investors in China and New York for its upcoming game "Everywhere".


title: Leslie Benzies

text: On 7 February 2019, Benzies' litigation with Take-Two had officially come to an end. All parties involved in the case successfully executed a confidential settlement, with each agreeing to bear its own costs and expenses, including, without limitation, attorney's fees.


title: State governments of India

text: State governments in India are the governments ruling over 28 states and 8 union territories of India and the head of the Council of Ministers in a state is the Chief Minister. Power is divided between the Union government and state governments. While the Union government handles defence, external affairs etc., the state government deals with internal security and other state issues. Income for the Union government is from customs duty, excise tax, income tax etc., while state government income comes from sales tax (VAT), stamp duty etc.; now these have been subsumed under the various components of the Goods and Services Tax


title: State governments of India

text: Each state has a legislative assembly. A state legislature that has one house - State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) - is a unicameral legislature.


title: State governments of India

text: A state legislature that has two houses - the State Legislative assembly and State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) - is a bicameral legislature. The Vidhan Sabha is the lower house and corresponds to the Lok Sabha while the Vidhan Parishad is the upper house and corresponds to the Rajya Sabha of the Parliament of India.


title: State governments of India

text: The Sarkaria Commission was set up to review the balance of power between states' and the Union governments. The Union government can dissolve a state government in favour of President's rule if necessary, subject to certain conditions, as ruled by the Supreme Court of India in "S. R. Bommai v. Union of India". It is for 5 years only.


title: State governments of India

text: 6 out of 28 states have bicameral legislatures, namely Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh, with the remaining states having a unicameral one. Parliament may, by law, provide for the abolition of an existing Legislative Council or for the creation of one where it does not exist, if the proposal is supported by a resolution of the Legislative Assembly of the state concerned.


title: State governments of India

text: The Legislative Council of a state comprises not more than one-third of the total number of members in the legislative assembly of the state and in no case fewer than 40 members. About one-third of members of the Council are elected by members of the legislative assembly from amongst persons who are not its members, one-third by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and other local authorities in the state, one-twelfth by an electorate consisting of persons who have been, for at least three years, engaged in teaching in educational institutions within the state not lower in standard than secondary school and a further one-twelfth by registered graduates of more than three years' standing. Remaining members are nominated by the Governor from among those who have distinguished themselves in literature, science, art, cooperative movement and social service. Legislative Councils are not subject to dissolution but one-third of their members retire every second year.


title: State governments of India

text: The Legislative Assembly of a state consists of not more than 500 and not fewer than 60 members (Legislative Assembly of Sikkim has 32 members, while Puducherry has 33, Goa and Mizoram have 40 seats each vide Article 371F of the Constitution) chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the state. Demarcation of territorial constituencies is to be done in such a manner that the ratio between population of each constituency and number of seats allotted to it, as far as practicable, is the same throughout the state. The term of an assembly is five years unless it is dissolved earlier.


title: State governments of India

text: State legislature has exclusive powers over subjects enumerated in the State List (List II of the Seventh Schedule) of the Constitution and concurrent powers over those enumerated in sub List III. Financial powers of legislature include authorization of all expenditure, taxation and borrowing by the state government. The Legislative Assembly alone has the power to originate money bills. The Legislative Council can only make recommendations in respect of changes it considers necessary within a period of fourteen days of the receipt of money bills from the Legislative Assembly, which can accept or reject these recommendations.


title: State governments of India

text: The Governor of a state may reserve any Bill for the consideration of the President. Bills relating to subjects like the compulsory acquisition of property, measures affecting powers and position of High Courts, and the imposition of taxes on storage, distribution, and sale of water or electricity in Inter-state River or river valley development projects should necessarily be so reserved. No Bills seeking to impose restrictions on inter-state trade can be introduced in a state legislature without the previous sanction of the President.


title: State governments of India

text: State legislatures, apart from exercising the usual power of financial control, use all normal parliamentary devices like questions, discussions, debates, adjournments, and no-confidence motions and resolutions to keep a watch over the day-to-day work of the executive. They also have their own committees on estimates and public accounts to ensure that grants sanctioned by the legislature are properly utilized.


title: State governments of India

text: There are, overall, 4,121 legislative assembly seats in states and Union territories of India. Andhra Pradesh abolished its Legislative Council in 1984, but set up a new Legislative Council following elections in 2007.


title: State governments of India

text: The state executive consists of a Governor and the State Council of Ministers, with the Chief Minister as its head.


title: State governments of India

text: The Governor of a state is appointed by the President of India for a term of five years and holds office during their pleasure. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment to this office.


title: State governments of India

text: Executive power of the state is vested in the Governor. All Governors are obligated to discharge their constitutional functions such as the appointment of the Chief Minister of a state, sending a report to the President on the failure of the Constitutional machinery in a state or in respect of matters relating to assent to passing a bill in the state assembly.


title: State governments of India

text: Similarly, in respect of Arunachal Pradesh, its Governor has special responsibility under Article 371H of the Constitution with respect to law and order and in discharge of his functions in relation thereto. The Governor exercises his individual judgement as to the action to be taken after consulting the Council of Ministers. These are, however, temporary provisions. If the President of India, on receipt of a report from Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibilities with respect to law and order, he may so direct by an order.


title: State governments of India

text: Likewise, in the Sixth Schedule which applies to tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram as specified in para 20 of that Schedule, discretionary powers are given to the Governor in matters relating to sharing of royalties between the district councils and the state government. The Sixth Schedule vests additional discretionary powers in the Governors of Mizoram and Tripura in almost all their functions (except approving regulations for levy of taxes and money lending by non-tribal district councils) since December 1998. In Sikkim, the Governor has been given special responsibility for peace and social and economic advancement of different sections of population.


title: State governments of India

text: The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor, who also appoints other ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the state.


title: State governments of India

text: The Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its head aids and advises the Governor in exercise of his functions except in so far as he is by or under the Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them at his discretion. In respect of Nagaland, its Governor has special responsibility under Article 371 A of the Constitution with respect to law and order and even though it is necessary for him to consult Council of Ministers in matters relating to law and order, he can exercise his individual judgement as to the action to be taken.


title: State governments of India

text: State High courts have jurisdiction over the whole state, but report to the Supreme Court of India, which may override the high court's judgments and rulings.


title: Janick Gers

text: Janick Robert Gers (; born 27 January 1957) is an English musician who is best known as one of the three guitarists in heavy metal band Iron Maiden. He initially joined to replace Adrian Smith, but remained in the band after Smith rejoined. Gers was previously a member of Gillan and co-founder of the band White Spirit in 1975.


title: Janick Gers

text: Gers began his career as the lead guitarist of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal band White Spirit -- appearing on their debut self-titled album in 1980 -- before leaving in 1981 to join Gillan, a group formed by then-former Deep Purple vocalist Ian Gillan.


title: Janick Gers

text: After Gillan disbanded, Gers undertook a Humanities degree before joining Gogmagog, which included former Iron Maiden vocalist Paul Di'Anno and drummer Clive Burr. The project would ultimately come to nothing. Gers would later contribute, and perform on, the track "View from the Hill" on former Marillion vocalist Fish's first solo album, "Vigil in a Wilderness of Mirrors", released in 1990. In 1989 Gers was asked to record the song "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter" with Iron Maiden vocalist Bruce Dickinson for the soundtrack to -- this project then expanded into Dickinson's first solo album, "Tattooed Millionaire".


title: Janick Gers

text: During the recording of "Tattooed Millionare", Gers was asked to join Iron Maiden in place of Adrian Smith. He has remained with the band ever since, even after Smith rejoined the band in 1999, contributing to a total of ten studio albums.


title: Janick Gers

text: Gers' playing style uses heavy distortion and is noted for having a very raw tone. He prefers alternate picking instead of playing legato using hammers and pull-offs. Gers' main influences are Ritchie Blackmore, Jeff Beck and Rory Gallagher.


title: Janick Gers

text: He is noted for his energetic stage presence, which often involves dancing, prancing, and performing tricks with his guitar, such as throwing it into the air and catching it.


title: Janick Gers

text: He is also left-handed although he plays guitar right-handed; he can be seen signing autographs with his left hand in the "Rock in Rio" DVD.


title: Janick Gers

text: He has two children with his wife Sandra, Sian and Dylan Gers, and lives in Yarm, Teesside. Dylan Gers is also a musician who has released ambient soundscapes, including a collaboration with Noah Yorke, son of Radiohead singer Thom Yorke. Gers father, Bolesław, was an able seaman of the Polish Navy and served on ORP Burza and ORP Błyskawica on which he came to England and later joined the Royal Navy. Gers has relatives in the Bydgoszcz area and Sośno village in Poland and visited them regularly as a teenager until 1977. Gers bought his first guitar during one of those visits, in a music store in Złotów close to Piła. Gers met his Polish family again after 34 years at a 2011 concert in Warsaw.


title: Janick Gers

text: Gers is a fan of Hartlepool United and is a season-ticket holder in the Neale Cooper Stand at Victoria Park. Gers is a graduate of the English Martyrs School and Sixth Form College.


title: Janick Gers

text: Gers had an uncredited part in the BBC drama "The Paradise Club" in 1990, appearing as the lead guitarist of a band called Fraud Squad. He appeared in the 2010 fan-made Iron Maiden documentary "Maiden Heaven".


title: Janick Gers

text: Gers is a long-time proponent of the Fender Stratocaster. His guitars are typically black or white with rosewood fingerboards and Seymour Duncan JB Jr. and Hot Rails pick-ups. His favourite guitar over the years has been a black Stratocaster, equipped with JB Jr. pick-ups, which was given to him by Ian Gillan. Gers uses four different Fender Stratocasters, as well as a Gibson Chet Atkins semi-acoustic model for songs such as "Dance of Death". Gers is currently endorsed by Sandberg Guitars, and he uses a California ST-S tobacco hc-aged and a California ST-S creme hc-aged model on stage.


title: Janick Gers

text: Like his bandmates, Dave Murray and Adrian Smith, Gers currently uses the Marshall JMP-1 preamp through a Marshall 9200 power amp. Preferring not to use foot-switches while playing, Gers' roadie operates his MIDI Foot Controller offstage. Favouring cables, Gers only uses a Shure UR4D wireless system when he throws his guitar around. He uses Ernie Ball Regular Slinky nickel-wound guitar strings, although he does not use the B string.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban Entertainment, Inc. (along with Saban International; currently operating under the legal name is BVS Entertainment, Inc.) was a worldwide-served independent American-Israeli television production company formed in 1980 by Haim Saban and Shuki Levy, which was originally founded as a music production company Saban Productions. The first TV show produced by Saban is the live action/animated show "Kidd Video".


title: Saban Entertainment

text: The company imported, dubbed, and adapted several Japanese series such as "Maple Town", "Noozles", "Funky Fables", "Samurai Pizza Cats", and the first three "Digimon" series to North America and international markets syndication, including both animation and live-action shows. Saban also adapted various tokusatsu shows from Toei Company, including "Power Rangers" (based on the "Super Sentai" series), "Big Bad Beetleborgs" (based on "Juukou B-Fighter"), "VR Troopers" (featuring elements of "Metal Hero" series like "Space Sheriff Shaider", "Jikuu Senshi Spielban", and "Choujinki Metalder"), and "Masked Rider" (an original interpretation using scenes from the Japanese "Kamen Rider Black RX").


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban was involved in the co-production of French/American animated shows created by Jean Chalopin for DIC Entertainment. Some of these early 1980s co-productions were "Camp Candy", "Ulysses 31", "Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors", and "The Mysterious Cities of Gold" (the third of which was a Japanese co-production).


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban has also distributed and provided music for TV programs produced by other companies, such as "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!", "Inspector Gadget" and the first two dub seasons of "Dragon Ball Z".


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban also operated a production company Libra Pictures, which was targeted to older audiences than it was on Saban's usual kid-friendly output, as well as a syndicated subsidiary Saban Domestic Distribution, whose primarily purpose was to distribute shows for first-run and off-net syndication.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban Entertainment was formed in 1980 as Saban Productions, Inc., which was initially a music production company. The first Saban logo depicted a Saturn-like planet with "Saban," in a Pac-Man style font, going across the planet's ring. Several years later, the company created a division (Saban International N.V.) based in both the United States and the Netherlands for the international distribution of its shows (not to be confused with the interchangeable "Saban International Paris" as they were two different entities). In 1983, it formed a longtime relationship with DIC Enterprises, to create soundtracks for the programs, and also soundtrack outsourcing to different companies like Ruby-Spears Enterprises and Filmation.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1984, Saban moved into production outright with its first ever television program "Kidd Video", which was in co-production with DIC Enterprises, and it was picked up by NBC as part of the 1984-85 Saturday morning children's programming block. The next project produced by Saban themselves is "Macron 1", a compilation of various unrelated Japanese anime shows, and relies on pop music, which was picked up for syndication by Orbis Communications for the fall of 1986.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1986, Saban Productions bought the foreign rights to the DIC Enterprises library of children's programming from DIC's parent DIC Animation City and then sold the rights to Jean Chalopin's C&D. DIC then sued Saban for damages and in 1991, DIC and Saban reached a settlement. In 1987, DiC expanded its relationship with Saban Productions to co-produce its series, a relationship that eventually lasted until it was hit by a lawsuit in 1990. That year, both DIC and Saban Productions teamed up with NBC to provide series commitments to "I'm Telling!" and "The New Archies", which was committed to 26 and 13 segments, respectively.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: On June 10, 1987, Saban Productions, who was the largest suppliers for music and TV, and producer of four Saturday morning animated series, is expanding to live-action TV and theatrical features, and the company has its boards on a made-for-television feature for the NBC television network, a late-night hour series for CBS, a first-run strip for syndication and a theatrical feature film, and the company is freefalling some of its projects, and had a pilot "Love on Trial", for the fall 1988 strip, which doesn't have a distributor for the property yet, but says Saban is marketing the first-run strip, making use of some of the selling techniques applied to the marketing of kid-vid in syndication, as well as fully financing "Hidden Rage", and putting up a modest $1.5 million for film, which Saban promised it was going to look like TV's $6 million, because the founder doesn't have the studio overhead and built-in excess, and teaming up with Ron Ziskin and his Four Point Entertainment on a late-night hour program "Shocking But True", for CBS, to appeal fans of the young audience, but all the projects were never realized.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In late October 1987, Saban Productions had obtained three independently produced projects as part of the real first slate for the NATPE conference, and the first strips would be "Love Court", in collaboration with television syndicator Orbis Communications, and the other strip would be the first game show which was set to be on Six Flags, "All-American Family Challenge", which gave us a $20 million set that they work and didn't have to build, and the third pilot strip aimed at youths were Alphy's Hollywood Power Party, which will be a teen celebrity dance show, and the fourth project was a network game show version of the board game "Uno", which was set for NBC, and was to be produced by Peter Berlin and Rob Fiedler, who joined Saban shortly after "Wordplay" was cancelled.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1988, Saban Productions and Washington-based newspaper columnist Jack Anderson will offer four quarterly specials under the branding "American Expose", with then-future "Cops" creator/producer John Langley and Malcolm Barbour serving as producers. It is revealed that Orbis Communications, who already syndicated Saban's "Macron 1" was signed on to distribute the programs. Newly created Saban International N.V, was to handle distribution of the same programs, as well as signing up for distribution of non-Saban television material. It is reported that Saban International N.V. would handle international sales of DiC programs such as "Hey Vern, It's Ernest", until a lawsuit hit in 1990.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In early 1989, the company renamed itself Saban Entertainment, Inc. As the company grew, additional executives were hired to push into new areas like prime time programming. Saban hired Stan Golden from Horizon International TV to head their Saban international distribution arm. Then in August 1989, Tom Palmieri came from MTM Enterprises to become Saban president.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: By January 2, 1990, Saban formed Saban/Scherick Productions division for production done with Edgar Scherick, primarily miniseries and made-for-TV movies. Around this time, they also began distributing the film library of New World Pictures (which had been sold by New World to Trans-Atlantic Films, composed of ex-New World employees) to television stations. CLT in Luxembourg had signed a deal with Saban to market TV shows.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1990, Saban entered into a partnership with video game publisher Acclaim Entertainment and syndicator Bohbot Entertainment to develop the program "Video Power". Also that year, Saban started Saban Video, with distribution being handled by Video Treasures. In 1991, Saban Entertainment has struck a deal with home video deal Prism Entertainment in order that Prism would gave home video distribution rights and Saban International gaining international distribution rights. By the following year of 1992, Saban signed a domestic distribution deal with Bohbot Communications to handle "Around the World in 80 Dreams" for syndication.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1992, Saban partnered with the Marvel Entertainment Group to produce an based on Marvel's comic-book heroes the X-Men. Saban obtained the rights in a joint partnership with PolyGram Filmed Entertainment and the Fox Children's Network, becoming Saban's first hit program and the company's first breakthrough, teaming up with another company. The series ran until 1997. On August 28, 1993, Saban brought another hit to the Fox Kids lineup, "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers", an adaptation of the Japanese "Super Sentai" franchise. In 1994 alone, licensed "Power Rangers" merchandise made Saban over a billion dollars in profits. At different times in the 1980s, both Loesch and Saban had attempted adaptations of these shows, but had found themselves repeatedly rejected by other networks.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: New World Animation ("The Incredible Hulk"), Saban (""), and Marvel Films Animation ("Spider-Man") each produced a Marvel series for television. Later on in 1992, Saban formed a syndication subsidiary, Saban Domestic Distribution. The $50 million development slate was unveiled, and David Goodman, formerly of Goodman Entertainment Group was served as senior vide president of the company. Later in 1994, Saban signed a deal with A*Vision Entertainment to distribute cassettes under the Saban Home Entertainment and Libra Home Entertainment banners.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1994, Saban Entertainment launched Libra Pictures in an effort to gear films for older audiences, while the Saban name was used for kid-friendly material, in a similar manner what The Walt Disney Studios and Touchstone Pictures would have to offer. Also later that year, Saban launched a partnership/joint venture with UPN to start the UPN Kids block. The block would eventually debut on September 10, 1995, with the first two shows "Space Strikers" and "Teknoman". In 1995, the Saban Interactive unit is producing CD-ROM software based on the "Power Rangers" franchise.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: On October 17, 1995, Lance Robbins was made then president of motion pictures and television at the studio, and he was formerly at the Libra Pictures division. On November 3, 1995, Saban Entertainment and the Fox Broadcasting Company entered into a partnership that the two companies would create children's programing channels and services, develop and distribute programing and build licensing and merchandising opportunities on a global basis, and helped to expand its programming immediately.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In July 1996, Fox Children's Network secured rights from Marvel Entertainment Group for "Captain America", "Daredevil" and "Silver Surfer" and additional characters to be developed into four series and 52 episodes over seven years. Also in the same month, Saban formed a new division, Saban Enterprises International, to handle international licensing, merchandising and promotional activities under president Michael Welter. Oliver Spiner, senior vice president of Saban International, took over operational duties previously handled by Welter. Eric S. Rollman was promoted from senior vice president production to executive vice president of Saban Animation.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Also in 1996, Fox Children's Network merged with Saban Entertainment to form Fox Kids Worldwide, which included the Marvel Productions and Marvel Films Animation library. Also that year, Saban debuted its first FCC-friendly series "The Why Why Family". Shortly afterwards, Saban terminated its deal with WarnerVision, and decided that they would move itself to Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment. In 1998, its syndication unit Saban Domestic Distribution announced that they would refocus on develop movies for syndication outside of the Twentieth Century Fox and Saban stations.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Marvel was developing a "Captain America" animated series with Saban Entertainment for Fox Kids to premiere in fall 1998. However, due to Marvel's bankruptcy, the series was canceled before the premiere. Both Marvel and Saban would become parts of The Walt Disney Company; Saban (renamed BVS Entertainment) in 2002 and Marvel by the end of 2009. Then in 2010, Haim Saban founded a new company, Saban Capital Group (SCG); they produced shows under the name Saban Brands, such as all Power Rangers seasons starting with "Power Rangers Samurai" and "Glitter Force".


title: Saban Entertainment

text: On July 23, 2001, it was announced that the group would be sold to The Walt Disney Company as part of the sale of Fox Family Worldwide/Fox Kids Worldwide (now ABC Family Worldwide) by Haim Saban and News Corporation, and on October 24, 2001, the sale was completed and the group was renamed BVS (Buena Vista Studios) Entertainment. The last official program and fully produced and distributed by both Saban Entertainment, Inc and Saban International N.V. Holland was "Power Rangers Time Force", which ran between February 3 to December 15, 2001 – however, "Power Rangers Wild Force" was the last series created by Saban (Saban created the series and produced only pre-production, following the acquisition of Fox Family Worldwide, the show was copyrighted to Disney and was distributed by BVS, although the show was produced by MMPR Productions, the producer of the Power Rangers series during the Saban era from 1993 to 2001).


title: Saban Entertainment

text: For other subsidiaries, Haim Saban left the Saban International Paris subsidiary, which split to become an independent studio, while Saban's distribution arm was folded into Buena Vista Television on May 1, 2002. Disney would eventually purchase a 49% minority stake in Saban International Paris, which on October 1, 2002, was renamed to SIP Animation, which continued producing content until 2009. Saban's licensing subsidiary based in the United Kingdom – Saban Consumer Products, was renamed Active Licensing Europe on April 13, 2003 and eventually Jetix Consumer Products on May 4, 2004.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: One portion of Saban Entertainment was renamed Sensation Animation on September 9, 2002; this had been Saban's division for ADR production and post-production services for anime, and was created so that Disney could continue dubbing "Digimon" (the second half of "Digimon Tamers" and "Digimon Frontier") episodes. This division ceased operations on July 14, 2003, after Disney lost the rights to dub "Digimon". Disney however would go on to dub and distribute the previously un-dubbed four Digimon movies; "Revenge of Diaboromon" (DA02), "Battle of Adventurers" (DT), "Runaway Locomon" (DT) and "Island of the Lost Digimon" (DF) in 2005 and the fifth TV season, "Digimon Data Squad" in 2007, but this time the dubbing was handled by post-production studio Studiopolis. The majority of the previous cast members returned sans some voice actors, like Joshua Seth.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban International Paris, later SIP Animation, was a television production company based in France that operated from 1977 to 2008.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Saban International Paris was founded in France by Haim Saban and Jacqueline Tordjman in 1977 as a record company. In 1989, Saban International Paris moved into the animation field. The studio would go on to produce many animated series for Fox Kids Europe in the 1990s and 2000s. Haim Saban departed the company in 2001 with the purchase of Fox Family Worldwide, which was followed by The Walt Disney Company taking a stake in the company and a name change to SIP Animation on October 1, 2002. SIP continued to co-produce animated series with Jetix Europe (previously Fox Kids Europe) during the 2000s. SIP Animation was closed in 2009.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: These programs were distributed by Saban Entertainment starting in 1996, when they merged with Fox Children's Network to form Fox Kids Worldwide.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Most Saban Entertainment-owned media from the early 1990s made their way to VHS in most regions. However, from the late 1990s on, almost all Saban Entertainment-owned entities were only released as Australian and New Zealand Region 4 VHSes. And also, according to current North American rights holders, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment had (and still has) no plans to release these titles to DVD and Blu-ray, and as such, some of them instead aired on their sibling television channel, Disney XD and originally was on Toon Disney and ABC Family before the retirement of the Jetix branding in the United States. In most European countries, Fox Kids Europe (later Jetix Europe) had a sister channel called Fox Kids Play (later Jetix Play) which aired various Saban Entertainment programs and shows owned by Fox Kids Europe/Jetix Europe. Some shows were also released on DVD and VHS by various independent distributors, such as Maximum Entertainment in the United Kingdom.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: Many Marvel-related series distributed by Saban, plus some live action films like "Richie Rich's Christmas Wish" and "Three Days" are available on the Disney+ streaming service, while "The Tick" is available on Hulu.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: On March 13, 2012, Shout! Factory announced a home video distribution deal with Saban Brands, which includes "VR Troopers", the two seasons of "Beetleborgs" and "". The first 17 seasons of "Power Rangers" have been licensed for DVD releases by Shout! Factory, which has released the first 17 seasons to DVD in Region 1. In Germany, they have released complete season box sets to every "Power Rangers" series, with the English versions included up until season 6 due to problems with Disney.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In Australia, "Digimon: Digital Monsters" seasons one and two was re-released by Madman Entertainment on August 17, 2011. In addition, the first five series was released on DVD in North America through New Video.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: In 1996, the company had a library of more than 3,700 half-hours of children's programming, making it one of the largest in the world. By the time they were sold to Disney in 2001, their library had increased to over 6,500 half-hours of children's programing.


title: Saban Entertainment

text: The Fox Kids/Saban Entertainment library today is mostly owned by The Walt Disney Company, with a few exceptions:


title: Munya Chawawa

text: Chawawa was born in Derby, England, and spent his childhood in Zimbabwe. In his youth, his family returned from Zimbabwe to Framingham Pigot, a village close to Norwich in Norfolk. He studied at Notre Dame High School in Norwich, where he was made Head Boy, he then went on to the University of Sheffield, earning a BSc degree in psychology in 2014.


title: Munya Chawawa

text: Chawawa is known for his development and portrayal of characters such as a posh drill rapper called "Unknown P" and the chef "Jonny Oliver". Chawawa has said that he "created Unknown P as a nod towards the appropriation and false ownership of black culture that often happens in western societies". His comedic influences are John Oliver, Andy Zaltzman and Sacha Baron Cohen.


title: Munya Chawawa

text: His popularity grew during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, with the main focus being his 2019 Fire in the Booth freestyle, for the parody news sketches he created. In November 2020, Atlantic Records released his first single, "Piers Morgan", as well as a Daily Duppy on GRM Daily in December. His second single, "Pain au Chocolat" was released in August 2021. He has collaborated with the likes of comedians Mo Gilligan, Michael Dapaah and musicians Unknown T (from whom he derived Unknown P), S1mba, and KSI. In June 2022 he was announced as a contestant for the 14th series of "Taskmaster", beginning in October.


title: Hollywood Stargirl

text: Hollywood Stargirl is a 2022 American teen romantic drama film directed by Julia Hart from a screenplay that she co-wrote with Jordan Horowitz. The film is a sequel to the 2020 film "Stargirl", which was in turn based on Jerry Spinelli's 2000 novel of the same name; it is not an adaptation of the novel's sequel "Love, Stargirl".


title: Hollywood Stargirl

text: The story follows Stargirl and her mother Ana, who is hired as the costume designer on a movie, as they relocate to Los Angeles, where Stargirl meets new friends and explores her creative side, gaining success as a performer.


title: Hollywood Stargirl

text: The film premiered on May 23, 2022, at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles, California, and was released on Disney+ on June 3, 2022. It received positive reviews.