title: The Switch (2010 film)

text: Michael Phillips of the "Chicago Tribune" remarked that while "Jennifer Aniston gets top billing, the character played by Jason Bateman sets the tone." He found that "around the halfway point it starts getting interesting and the people who put it together are at least working in a realm of reasonable intelligence and wit and respect for the audience. I wish it were great, but 'pretty good' puts it ahead of plenty of recent romantic comedies." Similarly, Andrew O'Hehir from Salon.com wrote, "here comes the surprise: It's peculiar, and pretty good! Taken on its own terms, it's a light, sweet, curiously enjoyable misfit romance, whose real star is not Aniston but her magnificently awkward Lothario, Jason Bateman." Owen Gleiberman from "Entertainment Weekly" gave the film a "B" rating and called it "a pleasant surprise. It's a by-the-numbers movie, but the dots that get connected feel new."


title: The Switch (2010 film)

text: Less enthusiastic with the film, "Detroit News"s Tom Long wrote that "it's not a bad film, really, just sort of average. But Bateman is so good in it – natural, funny, yet full of real emotion – that you immediately want to see him again in a better film." Barely impressed, Joe Neumaier of "New York Daily News" called the film a "Judd Apatow lite, Farrelly brothers special blend. Just call it "When Harry Met Sally... and Her Ovum". Andrew Barker from "Variety" felt that "The Switch" was "an unfunny, manipulative romance about two unlikable people and their prop of a son [...] The pic mangles the premise of its source material."


title: The Switch (2010 film)

text: Even though it gained mixed reviews from critics, "The Switch" proved to be a moderate financial success. Budgeted at $19 million, it grossed $49.8 million worldwide, 55.7% of which came from its domestic run. 91 days in US theatres, it opened in 2,012 theaters and was ranked seventh after its opening weekend, averaging $4,193 per venue. On January 18, 2011, Maple Pictures released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in Canada, while Lionsgate released it in the United States on March 15, 2011. It grossed $7.7 million in US DVD sales.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is the name of a family of digital modulation methods and a related family of analog modulation methods widely used in modern telecommunications to transmit information. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit streams, by changing ("modulating") the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. The two carrier waves are of the same frequency and are out of phase with each other by 90°, a condition known as orthogonality or quadrature. The transmitted signal is created by adding the two carrier waves together. At the receiver, the two waves can be coherently separated (demodulated) because of their orthogonality property. Another key property is that the modulations are low-frequency/low-bandwidth waveforms compared to the carrier frequency, which is known as the narrowband assumption.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: Phase modulation (analog PM) and phase-shift keying (digital PSK) can be regarded as a special case of QAM, where the amplitude of the transmitted signal is a constant, but its phase varies. This can also be extended to frequency modulation (FM) and frequency-shift keying (FSK), for these can be regarded as a special case of phase modulation.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: QAM is used extensively as a modulation scheme for digital telecommunication systems, such as in 802.11 Wi-Fi standards. Arbitrarily high spectral efficiencies can be achieved with QAM by setting a suitable constellation size, limited only by the noise level and linearity of the communications channel.  QAM is being used in optical fiber systems as bit rates increase; QAM16 and QAM64 can be optically emulated with a 3-path interferometer.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: In a QAM signal, one carrier lags the other by 90°, and its amplitude modulation is customarily referred to as the in-phase component, denoted by The other modulating function is the quadrature component, So the composite waveform is mathematically modeled as:


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: where is the carrier frequency.  At the receiver, a coherent demodulator multiplies the received signal separately with both a cosine and sine signal to produce the received estimates of and . For example:


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: Low-pass filtering removes the high frequency terms (containing ), leaving only the term. This filtered signal is unaffected by showing that the in-phase component can be received independently of the quadrature component.  Similarly, we can multiply by a sine wave and then low-pass filter to extract


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: The addition of two sinusoids is a linear operation that creates no new frequency components. So the bandwidth of the composite signal is comparable to the bandwidth of the DSB (Double-Sideband) components. Effectively, the spectral redundancy of DSB enables a doubling of the information capacity using this technique. This comes at the expense of demodulation complexity. In particular, a DSB signal has zero-crossings at a regular frequency, which makes it easy to recover the phase of the carrier sinusoid. It is said to be self-clocking. But the sender and receiver of a quadrature-modulated signal must share a clock or otherwise send a clock signal. If the clock phases drift apart, the demodulated "I" and "Q" signals bleed into each other, yielding crosstalk. In this context, the clock signal is called a "phase reference". Clock synchronization is typically achieved by transmitting a burst subcarrier or a pilot signal. The phase reference for NTSC, for example, is included within its colorburst signal.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: In the frequency domain, QAM has a similar spectral pattern to DSB-SC modulation. Applying Euler's formula to the sinusoids in , the positive-frequency portion of (or analytic representation) is:


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: where formula_5 denotes the Fourier transform, and and are the transforms of and This result represents the sum of two DSB-SC signals with the same center frequency. The factor of represents the 90° phase shift that enables their individual demodulations.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: As in many digital modulation schemes, the constellation diagram is useful for QAM. In QAM, the constellation points are usually arranged in a square grid with equal vertical and horizontal spacing, although other configurations are possible (e.g. a hexagonal or triangular grid). In digital telecommunications the data is usually binary, so the number of points in the grid is typically a power of 2 (2, 4, 8, …), corresponding to the number of bits per symbol. The simplest and most commonly used QAM constellations consist of points arranged in a square, i.e. 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM (even powers of two). Non-square constellations, such as Cross-QAM, can offer greater efficiency but are rarely used because of the cost of increased modem complexity.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: By moving to a higher-order constellation, it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. However, if the mean energy of the constellation is to remain the same (by way of making a fair comparison), the points must be closer together and are thus more susceptible to noise and other corruption; this results in a higher bit error rate and so higher-order QAM can deliver more data less reliably than lower-order QAM, for constant mean constellation energy. Using higher-order QAM without increasing the bit error rate requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by increasing signal energy, reducing noise, or both.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: If data-rates beyond those offered by 8-PSK are required, it is more usual to move to QAM since it achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly. The complicating factor is that the points are no longer all the same amplitude and so the demodulator must now correctly detect both phase and amplitude, rather than just phase.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: 64-QAM and 256-QAM are often used in digital cable television and cable modem applications. In the United States, 64-QAM and 256-QAM are the mandated modulation schemes for digital cable (see QAM tuner) as standardised by the SCTE in the standard ANSI/SCTE 07 2013. Note that many marketing people will refer to these as QAM-64 and QAM-256. In the UK, 64-QAM is used for digital terrestrial television (Freeview) whilst 256-QAM is used for Freeview-HD.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: Communication systems designed to achieve very high levels of spectral efficiency usually employ very dense QAM constellations. For example, current Homeplug AV2 500-Mbit/s powerline Ethernet devices use 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM, as well as future devices using ITU-T G.hn standard for networking over existing home wiring (coaxial cable, phone lines and power lines); 4096-QAM provides 12 bits/symbol. Another example is ADSL technology for copper twisted pairs, whose constellation size goes up to 32768-QAM (in ADSL terminology this is referred to as bit-loading, or bit per tone, 32768-QAM being equivalent to 15 bits per tone).


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: Ultra-high capacity Microwave Backhaul Systems also use 1024-QAM. With 1024-QAM, adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and XPIC, vendors can obtain gigabit capacity in a single 56 MHz channel.


title: Quadrature amplitude modulation

text: In moving to a higher order QAM constellation (higher data rate and mode) in hostile RF/microwave QAM application environments, such as in broadcasting or telecommunications, multipath interference typically increases. There is a spreading of the spots in the constellation, decreasing the separation between adjacent states, making it difficult for the receiver to decode the signal appropriately. In other words, there is reduced noise immunity. There are several test parameter measurements which help determine an optimal QAM mode for a specific operating environment. The following three are most significant:


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: Joshua Dylan Meyers ( ; born January 8, 1976) is an American actor and comedian, known for being a cast member of the sketch comedy series "MADtv" and playing Randy Pearson in the eighth and final season of "That '70s Show". He is the younger brother of former "SNL" cast member and "Late Night" host Seth Meyers.


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: Meyers was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, on January 8, 1976, the younger of two boys born of Hilary Claire Meyers (née Olson), a French teacher, and Laurence Meyers Jr., who worked in finance.


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: He attended Manchester High School West in Manchester, New Hampshire. He went on to graduate from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Meyers' paternal grandfather was Ashkenazi Jewish, and his other ancestry is Czech–Austrian and Croatian (from his paternal grandmother), Swedish, English, and German.


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: Meyers officially joined the cast of "MADtv" in 2002, as a featured performer for the eighth season. He would fill in the spot of the Spishak Spokesperson that David Herman and Pat Kilbane previously owned. Meyers was also known for his celebrity impersonations, including Anna Nicole Smith's son, Daniel, various members of 'N Sync (particularly Justin Timberlake), rapper Eminem, and actor Owen Wilson.


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: Meyers's appearances on "MADtv" on Fox aired directly opposite his brother Seth's appearances on "Saturday Night Live" on NBC, making Josh Meyers the only "MADtv" cast member to have a family member (blood-related or otherwise) be a cast member on "Saturday Night Live". This was referenced on a season 28 episode of "Saturday Night Live" in which Seth appears on "Weekend Update" to talk to his father and tells him to turn off "MADtv" and pay attention to him.


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: When Topher Grace left "That '70s Show" at the end of the show's seventh season, Meyers was chosen as a replacement, starring as Randy Pearson during the eighth and final season. In 2006, Meyers made an appearance in the feature film "Date Movie", where he plays Napoleon Dynamite and Owen Wilson's character from "Wedding Crashers".


title: Josh Meyers (actor)

text: Meyers has a supporting role in the 2008 film "College Road Trip", and appeared alongside Pee-wee Herman in the 2010 stage show revival of "".


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix Systems, Inc. is an American multinational cloud computing and virtualization technology company that provides server, application and desktop virtualization, networking, software as a service (SaaS), and cloud computing technologies. Citrix products were claimed to be in use by over 400,000 clients worldwide, including 99% of the Fortune 100, and 98% of the Fortune 500.


title: Citrix Systems

text: The company was founded in Richardson, Texas in 1989 by Ed Iacobucci, who served as chairman until his departure in 2000. It began by developing remote access products for Microsoft operating systems, licensing source code from Microsoft, and has been in partnership with the company throughout its history. By the 1990s, Citrix came to prominence as an industry leader in thin client technology, enabling purpose-built devices to access remote servers and resources. The company launched its first initial public offering in 1995 and, with few competitors, experienced large revenue increases between 1995 and 1999.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix acquired Sequoia Software Corp. in 2001 and ExpertCity, a provider of remote desktop products, in 2003. This was followed by more than a dozen other acquisitions from 2005 to 2012, which allowed Citrix to expand into server and desktop virtualization, cloud computing, infrastructure as a service, and software as a service offerings. In 2014, Citrix acquired Framehawk and used its technology to improve the delivery of virtual desktops and applications over wireless networks. In 2016, as part of a US$1.8 billion product deal with LogMeIn, Citrix spun off the GoTo product line into a new business entity, entitled GetGo. In 2017, Citrix completed the merger of GetGo with LogMeIn's products.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix had its corporate headquarters in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with subsidiary operations in California and Massachusetts, and additional development centers in Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, and the United Kingdom. In 2021, Citrix generated $3.2 billion in revenue and had 9,700 employees.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Following the completion of acquisition by Vista Equity Partners and Evergreen Coast Capital Corp on September 30, 2022, Citrix merged with TIBCO Software under the newly formed Cloud Software Group. Citrix spun off the re-branded Citrix ADC back into a standalone entity Netscaler under the same parent.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix was founded in Richardson, Texas in 1989 by former IBM developer Ed Iacobucci with $3 million in funding. Following its initial setup and development, Iacobucci moved the company to his former home of Coral Springs, Florida. The company's first employees were five other engineers from IBM that Iacobucci convinced to join his team. Iacobucci served as chairman of the company and Roger Roberts became the CEO of Citrix in 1990. Citrix was originally named Citrus, but changed its name after an existing company claimed trademark rights. The Citrix name is a portmanteau of Citrus and UNIX.


title: Citrix Systems

text: The company's first product was Citrix Multiuser, an extension of OS/2 developed over two years. Citrix licensed the OS/2 source code from Microsoft, and developed its own Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) protocol for Citrix Multiuser. Multiuser allowed multiple users working on separate computers remote access to software on a server, even from computers not built to run OS/2. Three days before the product launched in 1991, Microsoft announced they would be switching from OS/2 to Windows. The switch made Multiuser nearly unusable without significant changes to make it compatible with Windows or DOS. The company discussed closing in 1991, but investments from Intel, Microsoft and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers among others, allowed the company to work on a new version of Multiuser.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Multi-Win version 2.0 was released in 1992. It was compatible with DOS applications and allowed up to five users. In 1993, Citrix released a new remote applications server, WinView, which had the ability to run DOS and Windows applications. By 1994, the company's yearly revenue equaled US$10 million.


title: Citrix Systems

text: The company launched WinFrame, a multi-user operating system based on Microsoft's Windows NT, in 1995. The new product allowed up to 15 users and was the first thin client for Windows.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix had its initial public offering in December 1995. The company's share price doubled from $15 to $30. During the mid-1990s, Citrix became the leader of its growing industry with very few competitors, and the company's revenues doubled year over year between 1995 and 1999.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Following weeks of discussions, Iacobucci was able to persuade Microsoft to agree to license Citrix technology for Windows NT Server 4.0, which resulted in Windows Terminal Server Edition in 1998. This agreement allowed Citrix to keep its position in the marketplace and be NT 4.0 compatible. Citrix also earned $75 million through the agreement, along with a royalty arrangement that was valued at approximately $100 million.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix released MetaFrame 1.0 in conjunction with Terminal Server Edition. Due to weaknesses in Microsoft's Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), Terminal Server Edition worked best using the ICA protocol developed by Citrix and found in MetaFrame. This meant that Citrix technology was purchased and installed on most machines running Terminal Server Edition.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In 1997, the company opened a new headquarters in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It also opened offices in Sydney, London and Paris that same year.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In 1998, Mark Templeton became the CEO of Citrix after serving as vice president of marketing. Also in 1998, it licensed its ICA protocol to IBM and Key Tronics. Citrix licensed its ICA protocol to Motorola for use in digital wireless handsets in 1999.


title: Citrix Systems

text: During 1999, the thin-client model Citrix used, became a software trend and the company's customers increased to 15 million. Major clients included Sears, AT&T, and Chevron. A sudden drop in stocks in 2000 led to Iacobucci leaving the company and CEO Mark Templeton being demoted to president and senior executive officer. Templeton was later reinstated in 2001.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In 2001 Citrix acquired the Sequoia Software Corp. for $185 million. That same year it released MetaFrame XP, a new platform using MetaFrame technology. This was later rebranded by Citrix as Presentation Server, in 2005.


title: Citrix Systems

text: On July 9, 2002, Citrix announced a 10% job cut. At the time the company employed about 1,900 workers. After the announcement the stock hit a five-year low.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix acquired ExpertCity, a provider of remote desktop products, in December 2003 for $225 million in cash and stock. The acquisition was the largest for the company up to that date. Through the acquisition, Citrix gained ExpertCity's existing products GoToMyPC and GoToAssist, and ExpertCity became the Citrix Online division of the company. In 2004, the company introduced Citrix GoToMeeting.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Between 2005 and 2012, the company acquired over a dozen companies that allowed them to expand in new markets. Citrix acquired acceleration hardware maker NetScaler in 2005, which allowed the company to offer optimized application delivery. The company entered the server and desktop virtualization market with the purchase of XenSource in August 2007.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix expanded cloud and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offerings in August 2010 with the acquisition of VMLogix. In February 2011, Citrix entered the European Software as a Service (SaaS) market with the acquisition of Netviewer.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In 2007, the company opened a headquarters in Silicon Valley. In 2008, the company changed the name of its Presentation Server product line to XenApp. Also in 2008, Citrix announced an expanded alliance with Microsoft on desktop virtualization. On January 29, 2009, Citrix announced that 460 employee positions would be cut, comprising 10% of its workforce. In August 2010, Citrix announced a partnership with Google to bring the company's products to ChromeOS devices. On July 14, 2015, Citrix added full support for Windows 10 to its desktop virtualization products.


title: Citrix Systems

text: The company became a leader in IaaS after the acquisition of Cloud.com, provider of cloud infrastructure for companies, in July 2011. Citrix began offering VDI-in-a-box to small and medium businesses with the acquisition of Kaviza in May 2011. The company acquired technology for cloud-based file sharing and storage through its purchase of ShareFile in October 2011.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In May 2012, Citrix acquired Virtual Computer, maker of intelligent desktop virtualization. The technology is used in the company's XenClient Enterprise edition. Citrix entered the mobile video and telecom markets in June 2012 when the company acquired ByteMobile. Also in 2012, the company acquired Zenprise. Zenprise's Mobile application management (MAM) technology was released as XenMobile in February 2013.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix acquired Framehawk in January 2014 in order to use the company's technology to improve the delivery of virtual desktops and applications over wireless networks, including cellular, where speed and quality may be poor. In May 2014, Citrix acquired Scalextreme to bolster its cloud capabilities for its core business unit of XenDesktop and Xenapp such as auto scaling, patching and automation of complex deployments from the cloud.


title: Citrix Systems

text: On January 29, 2015, Citrix announced that 700 full-time and 200 contractor positions would be eliminated. This constituted about 10% of its workforce. The cuts were expected to save between $90 and $100 million a year. Two hundred of the layoffs occurred in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where the company is headquartered.


title: Citrix Systems

text: The company had 10,081 employees as of February 2015. In December 2015, Citrix employed approximately 9,500 people, but noted that its November restructure was due to eliminate nearly 700 full-time jobs. As of December 31, 2021, Citrix had approximately 9,700 employees.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix reported net income of $251.7 million in 2014, down from $339.5 million in 2013. In July 2015, the company announced several changes to its board of directors, including Robert Calderoni's becoming executive chairman and adding Jesse Cohn as a senior partner of activist hedge fund Elliott Management. That same month the company announced that president and CEO Mark Templeton would retire after a replacement was found, and on October 21, the company named its executive chairman, Robert Calderoni, as interim president and CEO.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In January 2016, Kirill Tatarinov, a former Microsoft executive, was named the president and CEO of Citrix and joined the company's board. Calderoni remained executive chairman of the board.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In July 2016, as part of a deal with Boston-based SaaS company LogMeIn, Citrix announced it had spun off its GoTo product line, which included GoToMeeting, GoToWebinar, GoToWebcast, GoToTraining, GoToAssist and GoToMyPC, into a wholly owned subsidiary called GetGo. In February 2017, Citrix completed a merger through which GetGo became a subsidiary of LogMeIn. The transaction was valued at approximately $1.8 billion. David Henshall became the company's CEO in July 2017.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Also in 2017, Citrix expanded its partnership with Google. In May, Google announced it would add support to run Citrix XenApp on its Chrome web browser, including graphics processing unit acceleration. In July, the companies announced they were working to allow Citrix Cloud to deploy virtualized apps and desktops on Google Cloud.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In October 2017, Citrix told regulators of plans to lay off staff "across most functions" and consolidate offices in the fall 2017 into 2018. The company carried out layoffs in Raleigh, North Carolina, and office closures in Santa Barbara, California, and Tempe, Arizona.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix unveiled its Citrix Analytics security software at the 2017 Citrix Synergy conference in Orlando, Florida, in May 2017. The software detects and responds to security threats by relying on artificial intelligence.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix unveiled its Citrix Analytics for Performance at the 2019 Citrix Summit conference in Orlando, Florida, in May 2019. The software quantifies User experience for Virtual applications and desktop users and leverages machine learning to troubleshoot performance issues


title: Citrix Systems

text: In 2018, Citrix changed the names of some of its products to represent its shift to a cloud operating model. The company stated that it made the name changes to present a unified product line so that end users can create, manage, and deploy workspaces with apps and data from a single console. The company dropped its Xen and NetScaler brand names: XenApp and XenDesktop became Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops; XenMobile became Citrix Endpoint Management; ShareFile integration became Citrix Content Collaboration; XenServer became Citrix Hypervisor; Cedexis became Citrix Intelligent Traffic Management; and NetScaler products kept their identities, yet the "NetScaler" brand name was replaced with "Citrix ADC" for Application Delivery Controller.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In September 2022, Citrix announced a $4.55 billion-equivalent cross-border term loan to back Vista Equity and Evergreen Coast Capital’s $16.5 billion buyout of Citrix and merger with Vista portfolio company TIBCO Software.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix is governed by a ten-member board of directors. Citrix has headquarters in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Its other United States offices are in California and North Carolina. Citrix research and development centers are located in the U.S., Australia, India, Japan, Greece and the United Kingdom.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix licenses its services and products directly to clients, including IT professionals, SMEs, and through companies called value-added resellers that resell the products and services after adding additional features.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix is publicly traded under the ticker symbol CTXS. In 2020, the company ranked 779 on the Fortune 1000 and 1,267 on Forbes Global 2000. In 2019, Citrix generated $3.01 billion in revenue.


title: Citrix Systems

text: On January 31, 2022, it was announced that Citrix had been acquired in a $16.5 billion deal by affiliates of Vista Equity Partners and Evergreen Coast Capital. The all-cash acquisition will see Citrix merge with TIBCO, a Vista portfolio company. It has already been reported that Citrix will go private through this deal.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix has expanded and added new products, technologies, and services through a number of acquisitions. Its first acquisition was DataPac in 1997, which Citrix purchased in order to utilize DataPac's technology and its position in the Asia-Pacific region. Other major acquisitions include ExpertCity in 2004, NetScaler in 2005, XenSource in 2007 and ShareFile in 2011. As of 2015, Citrix has acquired nearly 50 companies.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In November 2018, Citrix paid $200M to acquire Sapho, a software startup that develops micro apps for workers. In January 2021, Citrix announced its intention to acquire Wrike for $2.25 billion. The acquisition was completed in March 2021.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix creates software that allows the individuals of an enterprise to work and collaborate remotely regardless of device or network. The main areas the company works in are desktop and apps; Desktop as a Service (DaaS); networking and cloud; and Software as a service (SaaS).


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix offers a number of products related to desktop and application virtualization. These tools allow access to Windows desktops and applications independently of the machine they are actually on, and from any device with any operating system. Citrix XenApp provides application virtualization (now integrated as part of XenDesktop), and Citrix XenDesktop, Citrix VDI-in-a-Box and XenClient all provide desktop virtualization. The DesktopPlayer for Mac allows online and offline access to Windows virtual desktops from Macs. Citrix Workspace Cloud is a platform for building and delivering desktops and applications from the cloud. ShareFile allows companies and organizations to sync and share files. XenMobile offers mobile app and device management, Citrix Receiver is a client software that allows universal access to virtual applications and desktops, and AppDNA, software that provides application migration and management.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix users interact with the HDX protocol on top of the RDS. So, this protocol acts as a buffer between the users and the server, compressing the data in the meantime as well.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix technology enables service providers to provide Desktop as a Service (DaaS) offerings to their customers, including business apps and desktops. These products include: Worx Mobile Apps for secure email, browser, and document sharing; and Citrix Workspace Suite for mobile workspaces.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix products related to cloud computing and networking include Citrix XenServer for server virtualization and its NetScaler brand of network appliances, including WAN optimization devices, Software-Defined WAN delivery equipment, Application Delivery Controllers (ADC), Gateways, and AppFirewall web application firewall. All this are managed by their cloud management software Citrix Cloud. The company also has ByteMobile Adaptive Traffic Management, which aims to optimize mobile video services through traffic management, policy control and caching, and ByteMobile Insight, which provides mobile data and subscriber analytics.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Citrix software as a service (SaaS) products are focused on collaboration and communications. The offerings include Podio, a cloud-based collaboration service, and OpenVoice, which provides audio conferencing.


title: Citrix Systems

text: The company's philanthropic activities include corporate giving—such as corporate donations of in-kind gifts—and employee match programs. In addition, Citrix employees are allowed to take two paid volunteer days each year and participate in the company's annual "Global Day of Impact"—an event that encourages Citrix employees to volunteer in their local communities.


title: Citrix Systems

text: Near its Fort Lauderdale headquarters, Citrix has provided business training to non-profit teams. In particular, the company helped a local non-profit organization launch a computer on wheels to offer training to low-income neighborhoods. In 2007, the company connected a Broward County, Florida neighborhood with Agogo, Ghana through donated technology and training. Furthermore, the company's Raleigh office began a program called "Project Code" in 2014, which leads youth from local Boys & Girls Clubs through coding exercises and teaches them about computer science.


title: Citrix Systems

text: In addition to its philanthropic activities, Citrix has donated some of its open-source technology to non-profit software organizations to continue its development and gain more contributors. Citrix gave Cloudstack to the Apache Foundation in 2012 and Xen hypervisor to the Linux Foundation in 2013.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Lego Ninjago is a Lego theme that was created in 2011 and a flagship brand of The Lego Group. It is the first theme to be based on ninja since the discontinuation of the Lego Ninja theme in 2000. Whilst it retains some elements of the previous theme, it is based on a more detailed storyline set within a fantasy world, primarily underpinned by the computer-animated television series "."


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The theme focuses on a group of six teenage ninja, led by the legendary Green Ninja, Lloyd Garmadon. The main ninja characters are defined in the story as "Elemental Masters", which means that they each possess elemental powers. The ninja are trained in the fictional martial art of "Spinjitzu" by their ancient and wise teacher, Master Wu, giving them the ability to fight against the forces of evil.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Ninjago enjoyed phenomenal popularity and success in its first year, and a further two years were commissioned before a planned discontinuation in 2013. However, after a brief hiatus, the line was continued after feedback from fans and has been in production ever since. The Lego Group developed the theme into a media franchise aimed primarily at young boys and pre-teenage boys, which has produced books, video games and theme park attractions. The popularity of the TV series and the toy line resulted in the production of "The Lego Ninjago Movie", released in 2017, which was the third film in "The Lego Movie" franchise. On January 14, 2021, the Ninjago theme celebrated its tenth anniversary, making it one of The Lego Group's longest-running and most successful original brands.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The main focus of the line is the formation and consequent exploits and trials of a group of teenage ninja, battling against the various forces of evil. The theme originally introduced five main characters with an original storyline set in a fictional world that fused the ninja theme with dragons, modern vehicles and futuristic mech-robots. In the theme's storyline, the ninja characters are trained in the art of "Spinjitzu" a fictional martial art that allows them to fight their opponents. The storyline is set within the fictional world of Ninjago, a place inspired by East Asian culture. Simon Lucas, Senior Creative Director, commented, "With Lego Ninjago, we took inspiration from a Japanese starting point, but it developed into something of a massive mashup of cultures, not just one particular culture."


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The origin of the Ninjago theme lies in the earlier Lego Ninja theme, which was released in 1998. This theme was based on Feudalistic Japan and featured ninjas, fortresses, catapults and horses. It originated in the Lego Castle theme that had been in existence since 1978. In 2000, Lego Ninja was replaced by Lego Knights. These themes eventually resulted in the introduction of the Ninjago theme, which included some of the original concepts of the Ninja theme, such as the dragons and fortresses, but also introduced modern day elements.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The focus on ninja was also the direct result of ethnographic research of children's interests. The Ninjago product development team in Fort Lee, New Jersey spent several days monitoring groups of eight to ten-year-old boys to gauge their reactions to various concepts and storyboards, including ninjas, underwater adventures and futuristic cities. The chosen concept then went through several rounds of testing to refine the final product in order to produce a successful line. This rigorous testing and development resulted in the Ninjago line being delayed by a year. Cerim Manovi, Senior Design Manager for the theme stated, "Ninjas crystallised themselves because we were, like: 'What’s the greatest hero entry point?' We showed them superheroes, everything – but ninjas just grabbed kids right there."


title: Lego Ninjago

text: During the development process, the Ninjago team took a trip to the Iga Ninja Museum, located three hours to the north of Tokyo, Japan in order to get inspiration for the theme. This allowed the designers to gather historic details from the 15th century ninja building, whilst also developing ideas about how to give these historic elements a contemporary appeal.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The initial story concept for the theme originated in a rough sketch created by Tommy Andreasen on a Friday evening in 2009. The sketch depicted several elemental ninja and the word "Spinjago". This idea was later developed into the fictional martial art of "Spinjitzu", which was a combination of the words "spin" and "ninjitsu". The development team later used this as the basis for the minifigure spinner action toys. The rough sketch was sent to an artist in Canada called Craig Sellars who created an internal concept image of the characters over the weekend.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Ninjago theme then employed the use of an original story that would appeal to young teenage boys, by creating a cast of characters that focused on a group of ninja heroes and a wide variety of villains. Senior Creative Manager, Tommy Andreasen commented, "It wasn't until we started developing a fantasy theme that we saw it actually can become a building toy as well. So you can put a ninja on a dragon - the kids found that appealing and very natural. But figuring out the enemies of the ninja was more of a challenge and we tested a lot of things there".


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The ninja characters were given different coloured costumes and unique elemental powers, which gave them distinctive personalities. The team also came up with the concept of "Spinjitzu", which was the main fighting method in the story. Andreasen commented, "we wanted to make sure that it was something that would look great on TV, lightning coming out of tornadoes and stuff like that. The toy representation of that was the spinner". The fantasy element was later combined with the introduction of advanced technology into the Ninjago universe. Although the original intention was to remain true to the historical setting, the Ninjago team decided that technology could be introduced without having a detrimental effect on the characters.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The introduction of skeletons as the main villains in the storyline was also the result of research with children. The children in the research groups were given the choice of six options, including monkeys, skeletons, robots and lizard people. The overwhelming preference was for skeletons, which the children considered to be "real" fantasy villains. Andreasen recalled, "As it turned out, if you took the fantasy to where they were battling skeletons, that made total sense for the kids. We could push it one step further - it's fine that these skeletons have these skeleton themed monster trucks and stuff like that. At that point, you could really start to see a product assortment".


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Writers Dan and Kevin Hageman came up with the initial idea for the ninjas' distinctive flying base, Destiny's Bounty. Their idea was that it would be a "windmill that turned into a helicopter and flew around". However, the idea to use a junk ship for the ninja base was suggested by Tommy Andreasen. The vessel has changed design over time both in the series and in toy form. Design Manager Michael Svane Knap commented, "One of the approaches that we have is that you need to try and boil it down to what makes an icon. What is the detail that means this is the Bounty? We are not confined in the same way as Star Wars, where it needs to be a Millennium Falcon that can only look one way."


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The brand name "Ninjago" was formed from a combination of two words: "ninja" and "Lego". Andreasen noted that this fell into place naturally, saying "It's universally recognised, it works in any language and it has a good dynamic to it. It's short and to the point. We added 'Masters of Spinjitzu' to it just for flavour".


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Lego Ninjago universe incorporates a fictional written language that has been displayed on numerous occasions in both the "Ninjago" television series and in the Lego Ninjago construction sets. The written language uses a unique alphabet of symbols that resemble the visual style of Chinese characters. The characters can be deciphered to translate the words that are commonly displayed on signs and advertisements in the Ninjago universe. With the release of "The Lego Ninjago Movie", a Ninjago Language Translator was released to accompany the film. In April 2020, the lead writer of the "Ninjago" television series, Bragi Schut stated on Twitter that the language is called "Ninjargon".


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Lego Ninjago was developed as a Big Bang project with a goal to double the sales of the previous Big Bang product line, Lego Atlantis. The design team set a target for the Ninjago line to deliver 10% of the company's total revenue. This was particularly ambitious, as no Lego theme had ever achieved this target, not even the successful Bionicle theme. By late April 2009, a full range of Ninjago products had been defined, which totalled 17 sets in the first year of its release. Alongside the Lego Ninjago product line, a variety of other media was created, including a Ninjago board game for Lego Games, a themed world for "Lego Universe", a video game with TT Games that launched in April 2011, and the development of the animated "Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu" TV series that launched in January 2011. The launch of the TV show and the overwhelming popularity of the theme resulted in a 20% increase in sales in the first quarter of 2011, with the Ninjago line making the highest single-year sales for any Lego original product line in the company's history.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: With its initial launch in early 2011, the Ninjago line was intended to continue for a limited run of three years. However, the strong sales performance of the line combined with the company's increased engagement with online communities resulted in The Lego Group reversing this decision. The company had begun to use online forums, such as Lego Cuusoo, to engage with fans and obtain customer feedback relating to its product range. The Ninjago brand was consequently extended past the end of 2013 and has been in production ever since.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In February 2021, Design Manager Michael Svane Knap commented on the ongoing appeal of the theme by stating, "When Lego Ninjago was originally created more than 10 years ago, it was as much luck as it was skill that made us get to where we are today. Everyone involved back then was quite new and inexperienced with creating a franchise. However, everyone involved pushed 110% to make it work and really brought their A-game. Throughout the years, the Ninjago theme has managed to stay relevant with its changing stories. It's kept kids engaged in the universe… The changing story has allowed us to bring variety to the team. We've taken the ninja through everything from battling snakes, robots, sky-pirates, biker gangs and samurai."


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In September 2021, Matthew Ashton, The Lego Group's Vice President of Design announced that Ninjago alongside City, Friends, Creator, Classic, Technic, Speed Champions, Monkie Kid, Collectible Minifigures and DOTS themes will continue until at least 2023.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Lego Ninjago sets are based on the 3D computer-animated "Ninjago" television series (originally titled "Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu"). The series was created by Michael Hegner and Tommy Andreasen. "Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu" was animated in Denmark by Wil Film ApS for the first ten seasons. The production was relocated to WildBrain Studios in Canada for the eleventh season and the series was retitled "Ninjago". Regular seasons of the show were released each year from 2011 to 2022, along with one pilot season and one extended special. The series and the product line were created to coexist, with the storyline and products running alongside one another. This close connection is created out of a collaboration between product designers and storywriters. Design Manager Michael Svane Knap has elaborated on this by stating, "The product is important to us, but it's as important that we tell an engaging story from the beginning. We start developing with a lot of concept boards, so we know where we want to go...Often the writers also come up with new characters or new plot developments that we can then integrate into the products where possible. Both story and product are really tight together".


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2022, a new series for the brand was announced at San Diego Comic Con that is due to be released in 2023.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The main characters featured in this theme are based on the central characters of the "Ninjago" television series. The show focuses on a team of six teenage ninja, who are "Elemental Masters" and trained in the art of Spinjitzu by their teacher, Master Wu.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Ninjago toy line began with the development of spinners, which were created as a way to introduce children to the wider theme. Senior Creative Manager, Tommy Andreasen explained, "We had the idea of the action toys. The challenge was how can you actually make a minifigure come to life and play fight with it? That's how the spinner came about. The first iterations of the spinner were actually built from Bionicle elements and looked more like a throwing star with a ninja on top". With the release of the Pilot Season of the "Ninjago" TV series in 2011, the first Ninjago spinner toys were launched. The spinners involve placing a Lego minifigure on either a spinning or flying disk. The first generation incorporated a two-player battle game involving exchanges of weapons and collectible cards. The second generation was released in 2015 and consisted of a ripcord mechanism to launch the spinner into the air, recreating the art of "Airjitzu" in the "Ninjago" TV series. The most recent release of Ninjago spinners was in March 2022.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Since 2011, Lego Ninjago themed playsets have been released in waves each year to correspond with each season of the "Ninjago" television series. The playsets feature some of the main locations, vehicles, mechs, weapons and characters from the corresponding season. According to Bricklink, there have been 448 Lego Ninjago sets released since 2011. Each season has corresponding boxed sets, either released in one or two waves across a given year. Design Manager Michael Svane Knap commented on the design process stating, "In our development of the toys, we always start with the story. Our first priority is to tell a good story both in the physical products and in the content we’re creating. And the ninja is always the constant starting point of the concept… They each bring their own unique thing to the story and products.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2011, the Ninjago theme released 39 toy construction sets that were based on the . The product range included the spinner toys and skeleton-themed playsets, such as skull monster trucks, and vehicles, dragons and locations from the season, including Garmadon's Dark Fortress, Ice Dragon Attack and the Fire Temple. In 2012, the Ninjago toy line was based on the first season titled "". It introduces Lloyd Garmadon and focuses on the snake-like Serpentine. The product line featured dragons and snake-themed vehicles from the season, including Fangpyre Truck Ambush, Epic Dragon Battle and Ultra Sonic Raider.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2013, Lego Ninjago was based on the second season "", which focuses on Lloyd Garmadon becoming the "Golden Ninja". The toy line included The Golden Dragon set, which featured the character in his golden minifigure form and was later rereleased as part of the Ninjago Legacy line in 2019. In 2014, the toy line was based on the third season, "". The season focuses on advanced technology and this was reflected in the nindroid-themed playsets, such as OverBorg Attack and Nindroid MechDragon. The toy line also included the Kai Fighter, Thunder Raider and X-1 Ninja Charger, which were all rereleased as part of the Ninjago Legacy line.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: 2015 was the first year to feature two "Ninjago" seasons in one year and the toy line released sets based on the fourth season titled "" and the fifth season titled "". The fourth season focuses on Master Chen and the snake-like Anacondrai and its associated toy range included locations and vehicles from the season, including Jungle Raider, ElectroMech and Enter the Serpent. The fifth season features an army of ghosts led by Morro, and the toy line included ghost-themed vehicles, dragons and locations from the season, including Final Flight of Destiny's Bounty and the Temple of Airjitzu. In 2016, the Ninjago playsets were based on the sixth season titled "" and the 45-minute special "". The "Skybound" sets focused on Nadakhan and his band of sky pirates and included pirate-themed locations and vehicles from the season, such as Tiger Widow Island, Misfortune's Keep and The Lighthouse Siege. The "Day of the Departed" sets included the Ultra Stealth Raider, Samurai X Cave Chaos and Rock Roader.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2017, the Ninjago playsets were based on the seventh season titled "", which focuses on time travel and the main antagonists Krux and Acronix. The playsets included vehicles and locations from the season, including Destiny's Shadow, Dragon Forge and Dawn of Iron Doom. A second wave for the year was replaced by "The Lego Ninjago Movie" toy line, which introduced new hair pieces for the ninja characters that were adopted and used in subsequent waves. The eighth season, which was released in 2018 and titled "," focuses on a criminal biker gang and the associated sets included the vehicles and locations of the season, including Street Race of Snake Jaguar, Ninja Nightcrawler, S.O.G. Headquarters and the Temple of Resurrection. The ninth season "" focuses on a band of Dragon Hunters and was accompanied by a wave of playsets featuring dragons, including Firstbourne, Stormbringer and the Dragon Pit. The tenth season "" focuses on an evil race named the Oni and was accompanied in 2019 by a minifigure pack of Oni villains.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In the second half of 2019, "" was released, which focuses on themes of fire and ice. The wave of sets included vehicles and locations from the season, including Fire Fang, Lloyd's Titan Mech, the Land Bounty and Castle of the Forsaken Emperor. This was followed in 2020, by the release of two seasons titled "" and "". "Prime Empire's" video game theme was reflected in its playsets, which included three arcade pods, dragons, vehicles and locations from the season, such as Jay's Cyber Dragon, Kai's Mech Jet and Empire Temple of Madness. "Master of the Mountain" focuses on the evil Skull Sorcerer and the dungeons of Shintaro and its associated wave of sets included Spinjitzu Burst spinners and several playsets that can be used as a role playing board game, including the Skull Sorcerer's Dungeons. In 2021, Lego Ninjago released two waves based on "" and "". The first wave featured island-themed vehicles and locations from "The Island" such as Catamaran Sea Battle, Lloyd's Jungle Chopper Bike and The Keepers' Village. The second wave introduced the sea-themed vehicles and locations of "Seabound", including Ninja Sub Speeder, the Hydro Bounty and Temple of the Endless Sea.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: For the 2022 Spring range, the designer revealed the concept behind a wave of sets named Ninjago Core. Niek van Slagmaat explained, "We were asked to come up with a line of Ninjago that would not only stand on its own without content but also be the epitome of Ninjago toys" and continued, “After the specialized launches like "Prime Empire" and "Seabound", the markets asked for a wave with the classic Ninjago identity. We would not get any story continuing content in order to make sure we could get started on 2HY 2022 as early as possible. Thus, Core was born." The wave comprised various playsets that feature in the corresponding Ninjago Core shorts, including Lloyd's Legendary Dragon, Jay's Thunder Dragon EVO, Kai's Fire Dragon EVO, Lloyd's Race Car EVO and Zane's Power Up Mech EVO. An additional four sets were released in March, consisting of Kai’s Spinjitzu Ninja Training, Lloyd’s Spinjitzu Ninja Training, Jay’s Spinjitzu Ninja Training and Ninja Training Center. Nine new sets that correspond to the fifteenth and final season of the original series titled "" were released in summer 2022. The sets are based on the season's storyline and include Nya's Samurai X Mech, The Crystal King and The Crystal King Temple.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2019, the Ninjago Legacy line was introduced as a sub-theme of the main Ninjago construction toy line, to celebrate the legacy of the theme over the course of almost ten years. Ninjago Legacy recreates earlier Ninjago playsets released in previous years with updated designs. The Ninjago Legacy line gave Ninjago fans the opportunity to revisit sets from previous years in relation to specific seasons. Senior Model Designer Michael Svane Knap justified the decision to recreate the original sets by stating, "When a lot of these sets originally came out, it was back in 2011 and 2012. The way we build with Lego bricks, the way we actually put sets together, has changed a lot. This means we have new elements; we have new ways of making the build even better." In 2019, the first Legacy wave reimagined previously released vehicles like Jay's Storm Fighter, Cole's Earth Driller, Kai's Blade Cycle & Zane's Snowmobil, and also included the Monastery of Spinjitzu. In 2020, the Legacy wave included the Golden Mech, which was based on "Ninjago" Season 2, Thunder Raider and Kai Fighter, which were based on Season 3, Jungle Raider, which was based on Season 4, and a reimagined Destiny's Bounty. In 2021, the Legacy wave included Overlord Dragon, which was based on Season 2, X-1 Ninja Charger, which was based on Season 3, Boulder Blaster, Jay's Electro Mech and Tournament of Elements, which were based on Season 4, Zane's Titan Mech Battle, which was based on Season 5, and Ultra Sonic Raider.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: On 14 January 2021, the Lego Ninjago brand celebrated its tenth anniversary. To mark this milestone, The Lego Group released a limited number of playsets in the Ninjago Legacy line that include exclusive collectible golden minifigures of the main ninja characters.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: To celebrate the tenth anniversary, Ninjago City Gardens (set number: 71741) was released on 1 February 2021 as part of the Ninjago Legacy line. The set contains 5,685 pieces, surpassing the previously released Ninjago City set, making it the largest Ninjago set ever produced. It was designed to connect smoothly with the previous Ninjago modular sets. The playset, similar to the earlier Ninjago City set, is a high rise that contains multiple small shops, including Chen's Noodle House and Ice Planet. The set features two apartments, a tea balcony, "The Ninja Zone", a rooftop garden, the Ninjago Museum of History and a Ninja Control Tower. Additionally, a small temple island build attached to the set displays a statue of the character Zane. The set includes a "Golden Wu" which is part of the collection of collectible golden minifigures for the 2021 Ninjago wave.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The collection of Golden Legacy minifigures was completed with the release of the Summer 2021 "Ninjago" sets in June 2021, which include golden minifigures of the "Ninjago" characters Nya and Zane.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Ninjago themed sets have also been produced as part of the Lego Juniors theme and, more recently, as part of its successor product range 4+. These sets were specifically designed to be simpler to build with fewer pieces and slightly larger building elements. The Ninjago 4+ sets are aimed at children aged four and above, such as Kai's Fire Dragon set, which is part of the Ninjago Legacy sub-theme.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Several Lego Ninjago characters have also been released as part of the Lego BrickHeadz theme. A range of 10th anniversary BrickHeadz was announced in May 2021, which included Golden Lloyd, Nya Samurai X, and Firstbourne Dragon as buildable characters.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: On 17 September 2013, Warner Bros. announced that it was developing an animated film based on the Lego Ninjago theme. "The Lego Ninjago Movie" premiered on 16 September 2017 at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles. To coincide with the release of the film, The Lego Group released "The Lego Ninjago Movie" toy line, which included 15 building sets and collectible minifigures based on the film. The largest sets in the line were Ninjago City (set number: 70620) and Ninjago City Docks (set number: 70657), with Ninjago City being listed as one of the largest Lego sets ever released. The line was eventually discontinued by the end of 2019.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Since its launch in 2011, The Lego Group has developed the Ninjago brand into a media franchise that has produced an extensive variety of media and merchandise, including books, magazines, video games and app games, and theme park attractions.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: Several theme park attractions have been launched at Legoland resorts within Lego Ninjago World, a themed area of the parks. In September 2015, a puppet-style live show made its debut at Legoland Malaysia Resort, titled "Lego Ninjago and The Realm of Shadows". This was followed by the introduction of "Lego Ninjago: The Ride" at the same park in June 2016, an interactive attraction manufactured by Triotech, which uses Maestro hand gesture technology in place of a hand-held device. In March 2016, Lego Ninjago World was launched at Legoland Billund Resort. A similar themed area was introduced at Legoland Deutschland Resort in April 2017. It was later launched in May 2017 at Legoland Windsor Resort. In the same month, it was introduced at Legoland California and Legoland Florida. "Lego Ninjago: The Ride" was introduced at Legoland Windsor Resort in 2017. Ninjago World at Legoland Windsor also includes a swinging boat ride designed to resemble Destiny's Bounty. In addition, several Ninjago-themed attractions at Legoland resorts were designed to test balance, agility, speed and creativity, including Zane's Temple Build, Kai's Spinners, Cole's Rock Climb and Jay's Lightning Drill. In 2018, Legoland California premiered a short 4D animated film attraction titled "," which was then rolled out in Legoland parks and Legoland Discovery Centres in 2018. On 29 May 2021, Lego Ninjago World was introduced as one of seven themed lands with the opening of Legoland New York. In November 2021, a Lego Ninjago World themed land was announced for the upcoming launch of Legoland Shanghai Resort in 2024. In 2022, "Lego Ninjago Weekends" were launched on 11 June 2022 until 10 July 2022 at Legoland Windsor Resort.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: A wide variety of books and magazines have been published based on the Ninjago characters, including children's story books, colouring books and activity books. From 2011, a series of children's reading books were published, written by Tracey West, which focus on the stories and characters of Ninjago. Several graphic novels have been written by Greg Farshtey, which provide stories based on the Ninjago characters. Regular editions of a Lego Ninjago Character Encyclopedia are published, which provide facts about the characters, minifigures, vehicles and locations from the Ninjago universe. The book has appeared in the top position on The New York Times Best Seller List. A long-running Lego Ninjago magazine is also published each month, which includes puzzles, activities and stories about the Ninjago characters. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC), the Lego Ninjago magazine achieved an average circulation of 54,000 between July and December 2021, ahead of the Lego City magazine at 32,153 and the Lego Star Wars magazine at 45,133. In March 2021, Random House announced the publication of four titles based on the Ninjago brand, including a chapter book series, a guide book called "The Book of Elemental" "Powers", and a hardcover book collection titled "5 Minute Stories." In September 2021, The Lego Group released a tenth anniversary box set that contains the 2017 book titled "The Book of Spinjitzu", poster, stickers and golden Lloyd minifigure. In November 2021, a five-part comic book series for release in 2022 was announced for the Ninjago brand, starting with the first title "LEGO Ninjago: Garmadon." In September 2021, the first two "Lego Ninjago Spinjitzu Brothers" books titled "The Curse of the Cat-Eye Jewel" and "The Lair of Tanabrax" were published by Penguin Random House. "The Maze of the Sphinx" was published on 3 May 2022 to continue the prequel story of Wu and Garmadon. The fourth book titled "The Chroma’s Clutches" was published on 6 September 2022.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The characters from the Ninjago theme have appeared in a wide variety of video games and mobile apps. In the same year as its initial launch, the Ninjago brand was introduced into the gaming world with the development of a video game titled "", which was released on 12 April 2011. It was produced by TT Games and developed by Hellbent Games. In the same year, a Ninjago themed world was introduced to the massively multiplayer online game "Lego Universe" on 20 September 2011. On 22 March 2012, an app developed by The Lego Group titled "Rise of the Snakes" was released for iOS. It was produced to accompany the first season of the television series titled "". On 21 January 2014, a game was released for iOS titled "Lego Ninjago Rebooted", which was developed by The Lego Group. It is an action game that involves running and dodging obstacles while navigating a tower. On 29 July 2014, a video game titled "Lego Ninjago: Nindroids" was also released. The two games are based on the third season titled "". An action game titled "Lego Ninjago: Tournament" was released on 23 January 2015 for iOS, developed by The Lego Group, which was based on the fourth season titled "". In the same year, another video game titled "Lego Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin" was released on 24 March 2015 based on "" the fifth season of the show, which was developed by TT Fusion. In 2016, the sixth season of the show titled "" was accompanied by the release of a web and app game titled "Lego Ninjago: Skybound". It was developed by The Lego Group and is a side-scrolling platform game. To accompany the release of "The Lego Ninjago Movie", an action-adventure video game titled "The Lego Ninjago Movie Video Game" was released in 2017 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. The game was released on 22 September 2017 and featured the characters and locations from the movie. On 26 April 2018, a mobile riding game titled "Ride Ninja" was released for Android and iOS to coincide with the eighth season of the show titled "". It was developed by Amuzo Games and published by The Lego Group.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Ninjago characters have also made appearances in various other Lego games. On 27 September 2015, "Lego Dimensions" was released, which is a video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game offers an additional Ninjago Team Pack that includes figures and vehicles from Ninjago. The Lego-themed sandbox game, "Lego Worlds" also includes the Ninjago characters as playable characters. It was developed by Traveller's Tales, published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and released on 7 March 2017. The game offers downloadable content of the Ninjago characters and locations based on "The Lego Ninjago Movie". On 19 September 2019, a mobile fighting game for iOS devices titled "Lego Brawls" was released, which was published by The Lego Group and developed by RED Games. The game includes playable Ninjago characters and Ninjago-themed events. In 2020, a role-playing battle game titled "" was released on Apple's App Store, Google Play and Microsoft Store. It was published by The Lego Group and developed by Gameloft Toronto and features the Ninjago characters as playable minifigures.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2015, the Lego Ninjago characters appeared in several videos on the Lego YouTube channel that recreate "American Ninja Warrior" in Lego form"." The Ninjago characters are depicted taking part in several obstacles from the course, including the Warped Wall, Salmon Ladder and Spider Climb.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2019, The Lego Group partnered with Nickelodeon to become the global sponsor of the Kid's Choice Awards. The campaign featured stop-motion animated content that included the characters from the "Ninjago" TV series, which was released across television, digital and social media on 7 March 2019. The story involved Lord Garmadon plotting a mission to steal a slime cannon, resulting in the Lego Ninjago characters having to defeat him.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In May 2021, the Ninjago characters Jay and Nya appeared in "Ninja Vlogs", 3D animated vlog-style videos, which were produced using motion capture and real-time rendering. The new content format allowed viewers to provide an input to the story and aimed to move beyond broadcasting to children to engaging them in conversation.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Ninjago brand has also produced clothing and accessories for children and young adults, including collaborations with Adidas and Hype in 2021.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In December 2022, a Lego Ninjago Master Class web short was released on YouTube. It features Tommy Andreasen, Nikolaj Severin, Tommy Kalmar and Ina Sta. Maria teaching about drawing Ninjago minifigures.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: In 2012, the Fire Temple (set number: 2507) was awarded "Activity Toy of the Year" for inspiring creative play through various forms of activity at the 12th Annual Toy of the Year Awards, which is held at the American International Toy Fair in New York City. In 2013, the Ninjago theme was nominated for "Property of the Year" by the Toy Association.


title: Lego Ninjago

text: The Ninjago line is one of The Lego Group's most popular brands with young boys. In 2011, the Toy Retailers Association listed the Fire Temple set on its official list of 'dream toys' for the festive season, which predicted the 12 products that would be the bestsellers in that year. In September 2011, "Marketing Week" listed the first wave of Ninjago spinners as one of the top ten bestselling toys of the year. In 2012, toy retailer Toys "R" Us included the Ninjago Epic Dragon Battle set (9450) on its annual Hot Toy List, which it considered to be a cross-section of the best new toys of the season. In the same year, Ninjago ranked as one of the top five Lego properties of 2012, which together accounted for 50 per cent of all construction sets sold in the U.S. in that year. In 2014, the ninth volume in a series of Ninjago graphic novels by Greg Farshtey titled "Night of the Nindroids" entered The New York Times Graphic Novel Bestseller List at the top position, the eighth volume in a total of 12 to do so, and passed the mark of 2 million sales for the series. In 2015, the Ninjago line was listed as one of the top five bestselling themes in The Lego Group's Annual Report. In 2016, Toys "R" Us included the Ninjago Samurai X Cave Chaos set (70596) on its list of top toys for Christmas 2016. In the same year, Ninjago was listed as one of the top themes driving revenue in The Lego Group's 2016 Annual Report. Ninjago was also listed as one of the top selling themes in the 2017 Annual Report. The popularity of the Ninjago theme continued through to 2018, when it was named as one of the year's best selling themes, despite an overall fall in profits for the company in 2017. In September 2019, Ninjago was listed as one of the top selling themes driving revenue growth in the first half of 2019. Due to the long-term popularity and indefinite continuation of the Ninjago line, the brand is described as an annual evergreen Lego product range. Ernie Estrella for Syfy Wire commented that Lego Ninjago, "is one of Lego's long running, home-grown franchises, and is arguably its most successful one."


title: Disney Legends

text: The Disney Legends Awards is a Hall of Fame program that recognizes individuals who have made an extraordinary and integral contribution to The Walt Disney Company. Established in 1987, the honor was traditionally awarded annually during a special private ceremony. Today, it has been awarded biennially during Disney's D23 Expo since 2009.


title: Disney Legends

text: Having been honoured in 1998, Glynis Johns currently holds the record for the oldest living and longest surviving Disney Legend.


title: Disney Legends

text: Recipients are chosen by a selection committee, formerly appointed and chaired by Disney Legend Roy E. Disney, Walt Disney's nephew, former vice chairman and director "emeritus" of The Walt Disney Company. The committee consists of long-time Disney executives, historians, and other authorities. Besides the award statuette itself, each honoree is represented by a bronze commemorative plaque featuring the recipients' handprints and signature if they were living when inducted, or simply an image of the statuette emblem if the induction was posthumous. The plaques are placed on display in Legends Plaza at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, across from the Michael D. Eisner Building.


title: Disney Legends

text: Imagineer Andrea Favilli created the Disney Legends award, which is handcrafted from bronze each year. The award depicts the arm of Mickey Mouse holding a star-tipped wand.


title: Disney Legends

text: The Disney Legends award has three distinct elements that characterize the contributions made by each talented recipient.


title: Disney Legends

text: The Wand and the Star ... represent magic: the spark that is ignited when imagination and skill combine to create a new dream.


title: Disney Legends

text: The first Disney Legends committee consisted of Dave Smith; Arlene Ludwig; Marty Sklar, Randy Bright; Jack Lindquist; Sharon Harwood; Art Levitt; Shelley Miles; Paula Sigman; Doris Smith; and Stacia Martin.


title: Disney Legends

text: In 2017 Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Steve Whitmire alleged that the company offered him "consolation prizes" including the Disney Legends award in return for keeping quiet about the details surrounding his termination.


title: Disney Legends

text: Note: In honor of the opening of the Walt Disney Studios Park at Disneyland Paris, all 2002 inductees are of European origin. The ceremony was held in the Animation building at the new park on opening day.


title: Disney Legends

text: Following a dispute between Roy E. Disney and the company that resulted in Disney departing, Robert Iger, the company's then-president and COO co-presented with Michael Eisner.


title: Disney Legends

text: In honor of Disneyland's 50th anniversary in 2005, all recipients are related to either Walt Disney Parks and Resorts and/or Walt Disney Imagineering, and nearly all have had some connection with Disneyland. Roy E. Disney again co-presented the awards, after a two-year hiatus and a return to the company.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: In Greek mythology, Asteria or Asterie (; ) is a daughter of the Titans Coeus (Polus) and Phoebe and the sister of Leto. According to Hesiod, by the Titan Perses she had a single child, a daughter named Hecate, the goddess of witchcraft. Other authors made Asteria the mother of the fourth Heracles and Hecate by Zeus.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: Asteria is notable for her pursuit by the amorous god Zeus, who desired her. In order to escape him and his advances, she transformed herself into a bird and then a wandering island. When her sister Leto, impregnated by Zeus, went into labour, Asteria was the only place on earth willing to receive her, defying Hera's orders that forbade Leto any shelter. After Apollo and Artemis were born on her, the island received the name of Delos, and Apollo fixed it in place, making it his sacred land.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: The goddess's name "Asteria" (Ancient Greek , translit. "Astería") is derived from the Greek word ("astḗr") meaning "star". itself is inherited from the Proto-Indo-European root ' (“star”), from ', "to burn". Asteria's name shares an etymology with the names of Astraeus, Asteria's first cousin, and his daughter Astraea.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: Asteria married Perses, her first cousin, and gave birth to their only child Hecate. In one account attributed to Musaeus, Asteria is the mother of Hecate not by Perses but by Zeus. She evidently joined the other gods during the Gigantomachy, as in the Gigantomachy frieze on the Pergamon Altar, Asteria is seen fighting against the Giants next to her mother Phoebe.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: Asteria was an inhabitant of Olympus, and like her sister Leto was beloved by Zeus. After Zeus had impregnated Leto, his attention was next captured by her sister Asteria. In order to escape the amorous advances of the god, who in the form of an eagle pursued her, she transformed herself into a quail (ortux) and flung herself into the Aegean Sea. It was there that Asteria metamorphosed into the island Asteria (the island which had fallen from heaven like a star) or the "quail island" Ortygia. This then became identified with the island of Delos, which was the only place on earth to give refuge to the fugitive Leto when, pregnant with Zeus's children, she was pursued by vengeful Hera. According to Hyginus, Leto was borne by the north wind Boreas at the command of Zeus to the floating island, at the time when Python was pursuing her, and there clinging to an olive, she gave birth to Apollo and Artemis.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: Hera, despite being enraged that Asteria had defied her and allowed Leto to give birth to the products of Zeus' liaison, did no harm to Asteria, out of respect for her for not sleeping with Zeus when he chased her, and instead preferring the sea over him, thus not further defiling Hera's marriage. Asteria's power to withstand Hera's threats seems to stem from her parentage as the daughter of two Titans.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: A different version was added by the poet Nonnus who recounted that, after Asteria was pursued by Zeus but turned herself into a quail and leapt into the sea, Poseidon instead took up the chase. In the madness of his passion, he hunted the chaste goddess to and fro in the sea, riding restless before the changing wind and thus she transformed herself into the desert island of Delos with the help of her nephew Apollo who rooted her in the waves immovable.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: The element of Asteria fleeing from Zeus as the origin of Delos was probably introduced by Callimachus, as in the "Homeric Hymn to Apollo", nothing in the conversation between Leto and Delos indicates of such a past for Delos, let alone that they are sisters. Like the "Hymn", however, Callimachus does not allude to the kinship between Leto and Asteria either, in contrast to Hesiod, who recorded that they are sisters but did not make Asteria the origin of Delos. Asteria as Delos is already known since Pindar, but whether he would have known of the story of her trying to avoid Zeus is not clear.


title: Asteria (Titaness)

text: In the rare account where Asteria was the mother of Heracles by Zeus, the Phoenicians sacrifice quails to the hero because when he went into Libya and was killed by Typhon, Iolaus brought a quail to him, and having put it close to him, he smelt it and came to life again.


title: Raoult's law

text: Raoult's law ( law) is a relation of physical chemistry, with implications in thermodynamics. Proposed by French chemist François-Marie Raoult in 1887, it states that the partial pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of "liquids" is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component (liquid or solid) multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture. In consequence, the relative lowering of vapor pressure of a dilute solution of nonvolatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of solute in the solution.


title: Raoult's law

text: where formula_2 is the partial pressure of the component formula_3 in the gaseous mixture above the solution, formula_4 is the equilibrium vapor pressure of the pure component formula_3, and formula_6 is the mole fraction of the component formula_3 in the liquid or solid solution.


title: Raoult's law

text: Where two volatile liquids A and B are mixed with each other to form a solution, the vapor phase consists of both components of the solution. Once the components in the solution have reached equilibrium, the total vapor pressure of the solution can be determined by combining Raoult's law with Dalton's law of partial pressures to give


title: Raoult's law

text: In other words, the vapor pressure of the solution is the mole-weighted mean of the individual vapour pressures:


title: Raoult's law

text: If a non-volatile solute B (it has zero vapor pressure, so does not evaporate) is dissolved into a solvent A to form an ideal solution, the vapor pressure of the solution will be lower than that of the solvent. In an ideal solution of a nonvolatile solute, the decrease in vapor pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solute:


title: Raoult's law

text: If the solute associates or dissociates in the solution, the expression of the law includes the van 't Hoff factor as a correction factor.


title: Raoult's law

text: Raoult's law is a phenomenological relation that assumes ideal behavior based on the simple microscopic assumption that intermolecular forces between unlike molecules are equal to those between similar molecules, and that their molar volumes are the same: the conditions of an ideal solution. This is analogous to the ideal gas law, which is a limiting law valid when the interactive forces between molecules approach zero, for example as the concentration approaches zero. Raoult's law is instead valid if the physical properties of the components are identical. The more similar the components are, the more their behavior approaches that described by Raoult's law. For example, if the two components differ only in isotopic content, then Raoult's law is essentially exact.


title: Raoult's law

text: Comparing measured vapor pressures to predicted values from Raoult's law provides information about the true relative strength of intermolecular forces. If the vapor pressure is less than predicted (a negative deviation), fewer molecules of each component than expected have left the solution in the presence of the other component, indicating that the forces between unlike molecules are stronger. The converse is true for positive deviations.


title: Raoult's law

text: For a solution of two liquids A and B, Raoult's law predicts that if no other gases are present, then the total vapor pressure formula_12 above the solution is equal to the weighted sum of the "pure" vapor pressures formula_13 and formula_14 of the two components. Thus the total pressure above the solution of A and B would be


title: Raoult's law

text: Raoult's law was first observed empirically and led François-Marie Raoult to postulate that the vapor pressure above an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the sum of the vapor pressures of each component multiplied by its mole fraction. Taking compliance with Raoult's Law as a defining characteristic of ideality in a solution, it is possible to deduce that the chemical potential of each component of the liquid is given by


title: Raoult's law

text: where formula_19 is the chemical potential and formula_6 is the mole fraction of component formula_3 in the pure state. From this equation, other thermodynamic properties of an ideal solution may be determined. If the assumption that the vapor follows the ideal gas law is added, Raoult's law may be derived as follows.


title: Raoult's law

text: If the system is ideal, then, at equilibrium, the chemical potential of each component formula_3 must be the same in the liquid and gas states. That is,


title: Raoult's law

text: as the gas-phase mole fraction depends on its fugacity, formula_25, as a fraction of the pressure in the reference state, formula_26.


title: Raoult's law

text: The corresponding equation when the system consists purely of component formula_3 in equilibrium with its vapor is


title: Raoult's law

text: For the ideal gas, pressure and fugacity are equal, so introducing simple pressures to this result yields Raoult's law:


title: Raoult's law

text: An ideal solution would follow Raoult's law, but most solutions deviate from ideality. Interactions between gas molecules are typically quite small, especially if the vapor pressures are low. However, the interactions in a liquid are very strong. For a solution to be ideal, the interactions between unlike molecules must be of the same magnitude as those between like molecules. This approximation is only true when the different species are almost chemically identical. One can see that from considering the Gibbs free energy change of mixing:


title: Raoult's law

text: This is always negative, so mixing is spontaneous. However, the expression is, apart from a factor formula_32, equal to the entropy of mixing. This leaves no room at all for an enthalpy effect and implies that formula_33 must be equal to zero, and this can only be true if the interactions between the molecules are indifferent.


title: Raoult's law

text: It can be shown using the Gibbs–Duhem equation that if Raoult's law holds over the entire concentration range formula_34 in a binary solution then, for the second component, the same must also hold.


title: Raoult's law

text: If deviations from the ideal are not too large, Raoult's law is still valid in a narrow concentration range when approaching formula_35 for the majority phase (the "solvent"). The solute also shows a linear limiting law, but with a different coefficient. This relationship is known as Henry's law.


title: Raoult's law

text: The presence of these limited linear regimes has been experimentally verified in a great number of cases, though large deviations occur in a variety of cases. Consequently, both its pedagogical value and utility have been questioned at the introductory college level. In a perfectly ideal system, where ideal liquid and ideal vapor are assumed, a very useful equation emerges if Raoult's law is combined with Dalton's Law:


title: Raoult's law

text: where formula_6 is the mole fraction of component formula_3 in the "solution", and formula_39 is its mole fraction in the "gas phase". This equation shows that, for an ideal solution where each pure component has a different vapor pressure, the gas phase is enriched in the component with the higher vapor pressure when pure, and the solution is enriched in the component with the lower pure vapor pressure. This phenomenon is the basis for distillation.


title: Raoult's law

text: In elementary applications, Raoult's law is generally valid when the liquid phase is either nearly pure or a mixture of similar substances. Raoult's law may be adapted to non-ideal solutions by incorporating two factors that account for the interactions between molecules of different substances. The first factor is a correction for gas non-ideality, or deviations from the ideal-gas law. It is called the fugacity coefficient (formula_40). The second, the activity coefficient formula_41, is a correction for interactions in the liquid phase between the different molecules.


title: Raoult's law

text: In many pairs of liquids, there is no uniformity of attractive forces, i.e., the adhesive (between dissimilar molecules) and cohesive forces (between similar molecules) are not uniform between the two liquids. Therefore they deviate from Raoult's law, which applies only to ideal solutions.


title: Raoult's law

text: When the adhesion is stronger than the cohesion, fewer liquid particles turn into vapor thereby lowering the vapor pressure and leading to negative deviation in the graph.


title: Raoult's law

text: For example, the system of chloroform (CHCl) and acetone (CHCOCH) has a negative deviation from Raoult's law, indicating an attractive interaction between the two components that have been described as a hydrogen bond. The system HCl–water has a large enough negative deviation to form a minimum in the vapor pressure curve known as a (negative) azeotrope, corresponding to a mixture that evaporates without change of composition. When these two components are mixed, the reaction is exothermic as ion-dipole intermolecular forces of attraction are formed between the resulting ions (HO and Cl) and the polar water molecules so that Δ"H" is negative.


title: Raoult's law

text: When the adhesion is weaker than cohesion, which is quite common, the liquid particles escape the solution more easily that increases the vapor pressure and leads to a positive deviation.


title: Raoult's law

text: If the deviation is large, then the vapor pressure curve shows a maximum at a particular composition and forms a positive azeotrope (low-boiling mixture). Some mixtures in which this happens are (1) ethanol and water, (2) benzene and methanol, (3) carbon disulfide and acetone, (4) chloroform and ethanol, and (5) glycine and water. When these pairs of components are mixed, the process is endothermic as weaker intermolecular interactions are formed so that Δ"H" is positive.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Emoni James-Wayne Bates (born January 28, 2004) is an American college basketball player for the Eastern Michigan Eagles of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). He previously played for the Memphis Tigers.


title: Emoni Bates

text: In his first two years of high school, Bates played basketball for Lincoln High School in his hometown of Ypsilanti, Michigan, where he was heavily touted by the national media and rated as the top recruit in his class. He led Lincoln to a state championship as a freshman and became the first sophomore to win the Gatorade National Player of the Year boys' award. For his junior season, Bates transferred to Ypsi Prep Academy, a new school created by his father. A former Michigan State commit, he opted to graduate early from high school and start his college career at Memphis.


title: Emoni Bates

text: As a freshman at Memphis, Bates missed time with injuries and fell sharply in NBA draft projections after not meeting expectations. He transferred to his hometown team Eastern Michigan for his sophomore season.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Bates was born in the University of Michigan hospital in Ann Arbor. He began playing basketball from age three, often sleeping with a miniature basketball under his arm and dribbling around his house. In his childhood, Bates trained for basketball with his father, a former professional player, by shooting around and improving his agility through various drills. In fourth grade, he played against high school seniors at a rec league in Saline, Michigan and started competing on the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) circuit. Bates also played soccer while in elementary school.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Bates first surfaced on the national radar in early 2016, after averaging 28 points and 12 rebounds per game for the Toledo Wildcats AAU team at a tournament in Chicago. He grew from to from sixth to seventh grade. Bates played basketball for Clague Middle School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where as a seventh-grader, he was rated the number one player in the 2022 class by recruiting website Future150. He averaged 46 points per game in seventh grade and sat out his eighth grade season to train individually. In the summer of 2018, Bates averaged 17 points per game facing older competition at the under-15 division of the Nike Elite Youth Basketball League (EYBL), a notable summer circuit.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Bates enrolled at Lincoln High School in Ypsilanti, Michigan, being drawn there because the head basketball coach, Jesse Davis, was a longtime teammate and friend of Bates' father. On November 26, 2018, Bates made his freshman season debut, recording 32 points and 15 rebounds in an 80–69 win over Ann Arbor Huron at the Ypsilanti Tip-Off Classic. On January 18, 2019, he scored a then career-high 43 points, shooting 13-of-27 from the field, in a 68–56 victory over Ypsilanti Community High School. Bates, on February 5, was ejected and suspended one game for his role in an altercation during a game versus Dexter High School. On February 18, he posted 36 points and 19 rebounds in a 73–65 win over Jackson High School to capture the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) Southeastern Conference White division title.


title: Emoni Bates

text: On March 7, he led all scorers with 36 points and made the game-winning shot in an 81–79 victory over Detroit Catholic Central High School, as Lincoln claimed its first regional championship. Nine days later, Bates guided Lincoln to its first MHSAA Division 1 state title after scoring 23 points in a 64–62 win over top-seeded University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy. He finished the season averaging 28.5 points and 10.2 rebounds per game, helping his team to a 23–4 record. Bates was named Michigan Gatorade Player of the Year and MaxPreps National Freshman of the Year. He also earned Associated Press (AP) Division 1 Player of the Year and All-State first team honors. Mick McCabe of the "Detroit Free Press" labeled Bates as the "best freshman to ever play in Michigan," while Evan Daniels of 247Sports mentioned him as possibly the best high school prospect since LeBron James.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Entering his sophomore season, Bates appeared on the cover of the November 4, 2019 issue of "Sports Illustrated". In his season debut, he scored 24 points but was held to 6-of-21 shooting in a loss to River Rouge High School. On January 17, 2020, Bates scored 40 points in a 67–38 victory over Dexter High School. He tallied 42 points on January 27 in an 83–56 win over Jackson High School. During the game, Bates wore a number 24 jersey to honor his childhood idol, Kobe Bryant, who had died in a helicopter crash in the previous day. On February 18, he established new career-highs of 63 points and 21 rebounds in a 108–102 double overtime victory over Chelsea High School. Three days later, Bates recorded 40 points and 12 rebounds in a 67–60 overtime win over Ypsilanti Community High School. On March 5, he had 48 points and 13 rebounds to lead his team past Catholic Central High School by a score of 79–48.


title: Emoni Bates

text: On March 9, during a win over Pioneer High School in the first round of the state playoffs, Bates was involved in a skirmish that resulted in a double technical foul and the ejection of an opposing player. He was unable to help Lincoln defend its Division 1 state title after the MHSAA suspended winter postseason tournaments due to the coronavirus pandemic. As a sophomore, he averaged 32.3 points, nine rebounds, three assists and 2.1 steals per game, shooting 50 percent from the field and 37 percent from three-point range, and led his team to a 19–3 record. Bates was recognized as Gatorade National Player of the Year, becoming the first sophomore to win the boys' version of the award, as well as MaxPreps National Sophomore of the Year. He was named Michigan AP Division 1 Player of the Year and Michigan Gatorade Player of the Year for a second straight season.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Before his junior season, Bates announced that he would transfer to Ypsi Prep Academy, a new prep school in Ypsilanti created by his father. On November 12, 2020, he made his debut with the program, scoring 36 points in a 78–71 exhibition game loss to Chet Holmgren and Team Sizzle. As a junior, Bates averaged 23 points, 5.8 rebounds, three assists and 2.2 steals per game, leading his team to a 7–3 record. He was one of five finalists for the Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award. After the season, he reclassified up to the 2021 class and bypassed his senior year of high school.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Bates was a consensus five-star recruit and one of the top players in the 2021 class, according to major recruiting services. He received a scholarship offer from NCAA Division I program DePaul in eighth grade. After his freshman season in high school, Bates was offered scholarships by Michigan State, Michigan and Duke. By then, he was being touted by analysts and scouts as the top high school basketball prospect regardless of class. Following Bates' junior season, however, 247Sports remarked that he "looks to have hit a bit of a roadblock in his development." Both 247Sports and Rivals began to consider him the second-best player in his class behind Jalen Duren. On August 4, 2021, Bates reclassified from the 2022 class to the 2021 class. Upon his reclassification, he was ranked third, fourth and fifth in his class by ESPN, Rivals and 247Sports, respectively.


title: Emoni Bates

text: On June 29, 2020, during a live interview on "SportsCenter", Bates announced his commitment to play college basketball for Michigan State. He was drawn to the program by head coach Tom Izzo and the school's coaching staff, who had been building a relationship with him since he was in seventh grade. At the time, Bates was the highest rated recruit to commit to Michigan State in the modern recruiting era. On April 30, 2021, he decommitted from Michigan State and reopened his recruitment, saying that he was exploring college and professional options. On August 24, Bates committed to Memphis to play for head coach Penny Hardaway and alongside his close friend, Jalen Duren; his other three finalists were Michigan State, Oregon and the NBA G League.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Bates, at age 17, entered his freshman season at Memphis as the youngest player in college basketball. On November 9, 2021, he made his college debut, recording a season-high 17 points, four rebounds and four assists in an 89–65 win against Tennessee Tech. He was named American Athletic Conference (AAC) Freshman of the Week on November 15, after two games. As Memphis began facing stronger competition, head coach Penny Hardaway moved Bates to point guard, a position he had not played in high school, and he struggled in his new role. In December, he suffered a finger injury that caused him to miss three games. Bates later missed 12 games, including the AAC tournament, with a lower back injury and returned for the NCAA tournament. In 18 games as a freshman, he averaged 9.7 points and 3.3 rebounds, shooting 38.6 percent from the field, and drastically fell in NBA draft projections.


title: Emoni Bates

text: For his sophomore season, Bates transferred to Eastern Michigan, his hometown college team, after also considering Michigan, Arkansas, Seton Hall, DePaul and Louisville. Before the season, on September 19, 2022, he was suspended by the team after being arrested on gun charges in the previous day. Bates was reinstated on October 13 following a plea deal that would lead to the charges being dropped. He did not play in the team's season opener against Wayne State for undisclosed reasons. On November 11, Bates made his debut for Eastern Michigan and led his team with 30 points in an 88–83 loss to Michigan.


title: Emoni Bates

text: Bates' father, Elgin "E. J." Bates, played NCAA Division II basketball for Kentucky Wesleyan and played professionally for five years in Germany and Switzerland. E. J. manages the basketball training organization Bates Fundamentals and coaches its affiliated AAU team, which Emoni has played for. Bates' mother, Edith Bates, works for the American Red Cross.


title: Emoni Bates

text: On September 18, 2022, Bates was arrested in Superior Township, Michigan on felony charges of carrying a concealed weapon and altering identification marks on a firearm. On October 19, he pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of attempting to transport a loaded firearm in a vehicle, and his felony charges were dropped.


title: Shofar

text: A shofar ( ; from , ) is an ancient musical horn typically made of a ram's horn, used for Jewish religious purposes. Like the modern bugle, the shofar lacks pitch-altering devices, with all pitch control done by varying the player's embouchure. The shofar is blown in synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and at the end of Yom Kippur; it is also blown every weekday morning in the month of Elul running up to Rosh Hashanah. Shofars come in a variety of sizes and shapes, depending on the choice of animal and level of finish.


title: Shofar

text: The shofar is mentioned frequently in the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud and rabbinic literature. In the first instance, in , the blast of a shofar emanating from the thick cloud on Mount Sinai makes the Israelites tremble in awe.


title: Shofar

text: The shofar was used to announce the new moon and the Jubilee year. The first day of Tishrei (now known as Rosh Hashana) is termed a "memorial of blowing", or "day of blowing", the shofar. Shofars were used for signifying the start of a war. They were also employed in processions as musical accompaniment, and were inserted into the temple orchestra by David. Note that the "trumpets" described in Numbers 10 are a different instrument, described by the Hebrew word for 'trumpet' (), not ().


title: Shofar

text: In the Temple in Jerusalem, the shofar was sometimes used together with the trumpet. On Rosh Hashana, the principal ceremony was conducted with the shofar, with the instrument placed in the center with a trumpet on either side; it was the horn of a wild goat and straight in shape, being ornamented with gold at the mouthpiece. On fast days, the principal ceremony was conducted with the trumpets in the center and with a shofar on either side. On those occasions, the shofarot were rams' horns curved in shape and ornamented with silver at the mouthpieces.