title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Decisions to be taken by the Council are always prepared by the responsible department. Accordingly, a change in the salaries of federal employees would be proposed to the Council by the head of the Federal Department of Finance, to whose department the Federal Office of Personnel belongs. Before a vote is taken at a Council meeting, though, all proposals are circulated in writing to the heads of departments, who commission the senior career officials of their department – the heads of the Federal Offices – to prepare a written response to offer criticism and suggestions. This is called the "co-report procedure" ("Mitberichtsverfahren"/"procédure de co-rapport"), designed to build a wide consensus ahead of a Council meeting.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: To prepare for important decisions, an additional public consultation is sometimes conducted, to which the cantons, the political parties and major interest groups are invited, and in which all members of the public can participate. If a change in a federal statute is to be proposed to the Federal Assembly, this step is mandated by law. In such cases, the consultation procedure also serves to identify political concerns that could later be the focus of a popular referendum to stop passage of the bill at issue.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: The decisions themselves are formally taken by voice vote by a majority of the Councillors present at a meeting. However, the great majority of decisions are arrived at by consensus; even though lately there is said to be a trend towards more contentious discussions and close votes.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: The meetings of the Federal Council and the result of the votes taken are not open to the public, and the records remain sealed for 50 years. This has lately been the subject of some criticism. In particular, the parties at the ends of the political spectrum argue that this secrecy is contrary to the principle of transparency. However, the Council has always maintained that secrecy is necessary to arrive at consensus and to preserve the collegiality and political independence of the individual Councillors.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Due to the Federal Council's unique nature as a voluntary grand coalition of political opponents, its operation is subject to numerous constitutional conventions. Most notable is the principle of collegiality; that is, the Councillors are not supposed to publicly criticise one another, even though they are often political opponents. In effect, they are expected to publicly support all decisions of the Council, even against their own personal opinion or that of their political party. In the eye of many observers, this convention has become rather strained after the 2003 elections (see below).


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: For a long time, Federal Councillors did not travel abroad in official business. In other countries, Switzerland was nearly exclusively represented by diplomats.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: After the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the Federal Councillors convened an urgent meeting, where they discussed sending a Councillor to Kennedy's funeral. Given that the absence of the Swiss government would not be understood by the population, they decided to send Friedrich Traugott Wahlen. On his travel to the U.S. capital, Wahlen also met with Secretary of State Dean Rusk to discuss tariffs. Despite the opening of Switzerland due to the Kennedy assassination, foreign travels of Federal Councillors were only normalized after the dissolution of the USSR.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: On 11 December 2019, the following Federal Councillors were reelected, as no seat opened (election per individual seat):


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Following the resignation of Ueli Maurer and Simonetta Sommaruga as of 31 December 2022, the following Federal Councillors were elected on 7 December 2022:


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: In addition, Walter Thurnherr (CVP/PDC) was reelected as Federal Chancellor with 219 votes out of 224.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: The members of the Federal Council are elected for a term of four years by both chambers of the Federal Assembly sitting together as the United Federal Assembly. Each Federal Council seat is up for (re-)election in the order of seniority, beginning with the Councillor who had the longest term of office. The office holders are then elected individually by secret ballot by an absolute majority of the valid votes. Every adult Swiss citizen is eligible (and could even be elected against his own will), but in practice, only members of Parliament or more rarely, members of cantonal governments, are nominated by the political parties and receive a substantial number of votes. The voting is conducted in several rounds, under a form of exhaustive ballot.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: After the election is concluded, the winner holds a short speech and accepts or refuses the office of Federal Councillor. The oath of office is then taken, even then the regular term of office only begins a few weeks later, on 1st January.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Usually, the party which has a seat to fill presents two candidates with mainstream viewpoints to the United Federal Assembly, which then chooses one. This was not so, however, during the 2003 election, which was the most controversial in recent memory. Until the end of the 19th century, it was informally required of Federal Councillors to be elected to the National Council in their canton of origin every four years to put their popularity to a test. This practice was known under the French term of "élection de compliment". The first Councillor who failed to be reelected (Ulrich Ochsenbein) lost his election to the National Council in 1854.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Once elected, Councillors remain members of their political parties, but hold no leading office with them. In fact, they usually maintain a certain political distance from the party leadership, because under the rules of collegiality, they will often have to publicly promote a Council decision which does not match the political conviction of their party (or of themselves).


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Once elected for a four-year-term, Federal Councillors can neither be voted out of office by a motion of no confidence nor can they be impeached. Reelection is possible for an indefinite number of terms; it has historically been extremely rare for Parliament not to reelect a sitting Councillor. This has only happened four times – to Ulrich Ochsenbein in 1854, to Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel in 1872, to Ruth Metzler in 2003 and to Christoph Blocher in 2007. In practice, therefore, Councillors serve until they decide to resign and retire to private life, usually after three to five terms of office.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Unlike most senior members of government in other countries, the Federal Councillors are not entitled to an official residence (however, the Federal Palace houses living apartments for both the Federal Chancellor and President of the Confederation). Mostly, they have chosen to rent apartments or hotel suites in Bern (at their own expense). However, they are entitled to use the Federal Council's country estate, Lohn, for holidays; this estate is also used to host official guests of the Swiss Confederation.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: While Councillors can draw on an Army security detail if they need personal protection (in particular during official events), it is more usual to encounter them without any escort at all in the streets, restaurants and tramways of Bern, and Ueli Maurer was known to use the bicycle on most days from his apartment in Münsingen to the Federal Palace in Bern. Councillors are also entitled to a personal bailiff ("huissier" or "Bundesweibel") who accompanies them, in a red and white ceremonial uniform, to official events.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: The spouses of Councillors do not play an official part in the business of government, apart from accompanying the Councillors to official receptions.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Federal councillors receive an annual salary of CHF 445,000 (about EUR 416,000 / USD 451,000), plus another CHF 30,000 annually for expenses. The councillors pay tax on this income.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Former councillors with at least four years of service receive a pension equivalent to half the salary of Federal Council members in office. If a councillor leaves office for health reasons, they may receive this pension even if their length of service was less than three years. Councillors who leave their offices after less than four years may also receive a partial pension. After leaving office, "former federal councillors frequently pursue some other lucrative activity," but "their earnings, when added to the pension they receive as an ex-federal councillor, may not exceed the salary of a federal councillor in office, otherwise their pension is reduced accordingly."


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Serving federal councillors "enjoy a certain number of special benefits, from free telephone contracts to a chauffeur-driven car for official business, a courtesy car for personal use or the use of federal planes and helicopters for official business trips. Each member of the Federal Council also has the right to a first-class SBB GA travelcard (also in retirement). They are also given personal security, which is often very discreet."


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Federal Councillors, like members of parliament, enjoy absolute legal immunity for all statements made in their official capacity.


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: Prosecution for crimes and misdemeanors that relate to the Councillors' official capacity requires the assent of the immunity commissions of the Federal Assembly. In such cases, Parliament can also suspend the Councillor in office (but not actually remove them).


title: Federal Council (Switzerland)

text: According to statements to the media by a Federal Chancellory official, in none of the few cases of accusations against a Federal Councillor has the permission to prosecute ever been granted. Such cases usually involved statements considered offensive by members of the public. However, one unnamed Councillor involved in a traffic accident immediately prior to his date of resignation was reported to have voluntarily waived his immunity, and Councillor Elisabeth Kopp decided to resign upon facing an inquiry over allegations of secrecy violations.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Tekken Tag Tournament 2 is a sequel to the "Tekken" fighting game series. It was released for the arcades in September 2011. It received an update, subtitled Unlimited, on March 2012. A console version based on the update was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in September 2012, prior to the update. It was ported to the Wii U as one of the system's launch titles in November 2012, subtitled Wii U Edition. It is the eighth installment in the "Tekken" fighting game series.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: As with the original "Tekken Tag Tournament" (1999), the game includes almost every character from past "Tekken" games, giving it the largest playable roster in a "Tekken" game to date. Players can choose either a team of two characters on each side or a solo character. "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" has been positively received by critics, earning averaged review scores in the range of 82-83% at both GameRankings and Metacritic for the PlayStation 3, Wii U and Xbox 360 versions, as well as several fighting-game-of-the-year awards.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Like the original "Tekken Tag Tournament", matches involve each player selecting two fighters to fight with. Players are able to switch their fighters out at any time, allowing the inactivating character to gradually recover some life they might have lost. At certain points, an inactive character's life bar may flash, giving them a temporary boost in strength if they are tagged in. If the life bar of either of a player's fighters runs out, that player loses the round. If time runs out, the player who has the most cumulative life remaining amongst their fighters wins the round.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The gameplay expands on the tag mechanics featured in the first "Tekken Tag", allowing for extended tag combos and combined moves. New techniques include combined tag throws which, if timed properly, can be escaped from. Tag combos (referred to as "Tag Assaults") can be done simultaneously with both characters participating in the combo at the same time. The game inherits gameplay features from "Tekken 6", such as "Bound" hits (hits that slam an airborne opponent to the ground and stun them so combos can be extended) and walled arenas, some of which featuring walls and floors that can be broken through during the fight. Character customization is also featured, similar to past "Tekken" games.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Features suggested by Katsuhiro Harada include recording in Practice mode as well as a Tutorial, to make the game more accessible for new players. The game features a "stage gimmick" system. For instance, an example of the system shown has the player slamming their opponent into wall, which breaks and the opponent goes flying, landing in a new area where the fight continues. As the opponent falls, the tag partner is waiting at the bottom to continue the combo.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The game features various modes, allowing players to choose between Tag Team (2 vs 2), Single (1 vs 1), or Handicap Matches ( 2 vs 1 or 1 vs 2), options for four players to play in a single match, and various online modes. Along with returning modes such as Arcade, Versus, Team Battle, Time Attack and Survival, a new mode called Fight Lab allows players to train a Combot through various challenges. The game also features various items that can alter the gameplay, ranging from weapons such as firearms and hammer hats to superficial items such as specialized KOs, and allows players to customize their fighters with various accessories.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The "Wii U Edition" includes the return of the mini-game Tekken Ball from "Tekken 3" and a Mushroom Battle mode in which various mushrooms from the "Mario" series litter the arena, causing players to grow or shrink in size or take extra damage. It also features optional touch-based controls using the system's gamepad, as well as costumes based on Nintendo media franchise. There is also another exclusive mode called Tekken Supporters, where players can donate their in game currency to the characters for items you can't get in the Customization mode or bonuses earned from Ghost Battle.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Unlike the original "Tekken Tag Tournament", the game's sequel features a storyline although it is still not the series canon. However, certain characters' endings are canon, which are followed in the sequel game "Tekken 7". In the story, Heihachi Mishima has developed a rejuvenation serum, which has the ability to regress his appearance and power. After consuming it, Heihachi hosts another King of Iron Fist Tournament, sensing powerful challengers who would come to the tournament.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In "Fight Lab" section of the game, Lee Chaolan, under the guise of Violet is working on a new version of Combot. As soon as Combot is complete, Violet begins its simulation test. After the simulation test, the Combot explodes and destroys the lab. Violet decides to use the other functioning Combot to complete the tests. After Combot completes five tests, Violet kidnaps Jin, Kazuya and Heihachi for Combot's final test. Combot apparently has the upper hand, but Jin transforms into his Devil form and destroys it. Violet blows up the Combot, presumably taking the Mishima bloodline with it, and says, "Excellent!".


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The arcade version features all 41 playable characters from "Tekken 6" (including Panda except with her own character slot) along with Jun Kazama from "Tekken 2", True Ogre (known in-game as just "Ogre") from "Tekken 3" and Jinpachi Mishima from "Tekken 5" all with updated character designs. Devil Kazuya from the original "Tekken" also makes an appearance as an in-game transformation of Kazuya. Unknown from the original "Tekken Tag Tournament" also returns, once again as an unplayable final boss with an updated set of visuals. In the home release, she became a playable character via an update patch. The game also introduces a masked character named Jaycee, an alter-ego of Julia Chang.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The console release of the game features a total of 59 characters, including the return of Kunimitsu, Michelle Chang and Prototype Jack from the original "Tekken", Angel and Alex from "Tekken 2", Tiger Jackson, Forest Law, Dr. Bosconovitch and Ancient Ogre (originally known as just "Ogre") from "Tekken 3", as well as "Tekken 4"'s Miharu Hirano, Violet and Combot, the latter of which can be customized with various moves from other characters. A slim version of Bob from his "Tekken 6" ending and Lili's butler since "Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection", Sebastian make their debut as playable characters.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Unlike previous installments, certain characters who originally did not speak in their native language, now do. Characters include Lili and Sebastian who speak French, Eddy and Christie speaking Portuguese, Dr. Bosconovitch speaking Russian, Leo speaking German and Miguel speaking Spanish. Exceptions include Lee Chaolan, Lars, Xiaoyu, and Alisa, who still speak Japanese, as well as Lei and Lee's alter-ego Violet, who still speaks English due to their further character backgrounds despite their actual nationalities.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: "Tekken" series producer Katsuhiro Harada teased an announcement on his Twitter feed on September 17, 2010 ("TGS Sep 18(Sat) at Tougeki Booth. I'll announce something :D"). It was rumored to be something related to "Tekken X Street Fighter" or "Tekken 7". The game was announced to be "Tekken Tag Tournament 2", sequel to "Tekken Tag Tournament", on September 18, 2010, at the Tougeki event as promised. Producer Katsuhiro Harada stated that the game engine would be different from the one used in "Tekken 6". The release of the arcade version of the game in Japan was originally planned for summer 2011, but due to complications derived from the Great East Japan earthquake, the arcade release was postponed until Autumn 2011. At the World Cyber Games 2010, Harada stated that the console version would feature additional console-exclusive returning characters and bonus gameplay modes. He also suggested that the release of the console version of the game would take place between the releases of "Street Fighter X Tekken" and "Tekken X Street Fighter".


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: "Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Unlimited" is an update to original arcade release, "Tekken Tag Tournament 2". It features a number of new items and customization options. It also gives the game a balance update from characters and items. It was released to arcades on March 27, 2012, and the console version of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" is based on this arcade version.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In the "Unlimited" version, the player can switch a ratio between Tag mode and Solo mode ("2 vs 2", "1 vs 2" or "1 vs 1"). There is also a Pair Play mode, which allows four players to fight simultaneously in pairs of two, much like the "Scramble Mode" in "Street Fighter X Tekken". The "Unlimited" version features the Rage system from "Tekken 6" for Solo mode characters, and the new tag partner Rage system from the original arcade version of "Tag Tournament 2" for Tag mode characters only. Rage gives characters more damage per hit when their vitality is below a certain point. Once activated, a reddish energy aura appears around the character, and their health bar starts to flicker in red. The Netsu Power appears when an on-screen character gets attacked a certain number of times and the off-screen character's lifebar flashes. If the on-screen character tags out while the off-screen character's lifebar is flashing, the tagged character becomes slightly stronger.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The console version of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in September 2012, and for the Wii U in November–December 2012. The console version is based on the "Unlimited" version, and features new characters in addition to the 44 already in the arcade version of the game, as well as new stages and a new Practice Mode called "Fight Lab" featuring Combot as a customizable training dummy. The "Fight Lab" mode serve as a practicing ground for both beginners and advanced players with customizable bots.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" support stereoscopic 3D, the effects of which can be customized. There is a new feature called "Tekken Tunes", which allows players to swap music around the game and import their own music. Additionally, there is a new online service called "World Tekken Federation" that allows players to keep track of their overall stats and even which moves they had used in a match. Players can create teams, compete in online competitions, and discuss game-related topics in forums. A real-time worldwide leaderboard is also included.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: A digital version of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" was released on the PlayStation Network in North America on November 13, 2012, and was released in Europe on November 21, 2012. A version for Xbox Live followed in late December.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The "Wii U Edition" features exclusive content, including a game mode that uses power-ups from Nintendo's "Super Mario" series, such as Mega Mushrooms and Poison Mushrooms, the return of the minigame "Tekken Ball" from "Tekken 3", an optional touch-based control scheme utilizing the Wii U GamePad controller, and character costumes based on popular Nintendo series, including "Super Mario", "Metroid", "Star Fox", "F-Zero" and "The Legend of Zelda". In addition to the exclusive content, the DLC characters, outfits, and stages from the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions are all included from the start in the "Wii U Edition".


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Originally, when the Wii U console was first shown at the E3 2011 in Los Angeles, Namco announced that they would develop a "Tekken" game for the Wii U, which was untitled at the time. However, at E3 2012, it was announced that "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" would come to the Wii U, which was already going to come to the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. "Tekken Tag Tournament 2: Wii U Edition" is amongst the first third-party Wii U games that is available in both retail and as a downloadable format for the Nintendo eShop. In Japan, the downloadable version is available for a slightly lower price than the retail format.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The soundtrack to "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" was composed by Akitaka Tohyama, Nobuyoshi Sano, Keiichi Okabe, Rio Hamamoto, Taku Inoue, and Go Shiina.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The console versions have additional songs composed by Akitaka Tohyama, Taku Inoue, Yoshihito Yano, Ryo Watanabe, Go Shiina, Rio Hamamoto, Nobuyoshi Sano, Keiichi Okabe, Shinji Hosoe, Ayako Saso, Yuu Miyake, and Keigo Hoashi.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Snoop Dogg recorded a track for the game, titled "Knocc Em Down". When asked about the collaboration, director Katsuhiro Harada said "the Tekken team has always tried to implement different genres of music throughout the series, but one thing that we’ve never done was hip hop or rap,". The game also had a Snoop Dogg themed stage in which the rapper made a cameo.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: The "Tekken Hybrid" Blu-ray Disc collection, released on November 22, 2011, contains the "" CGI animated film and an HD version of the original "Tekken Tag Tournament", as well as a demo version of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2", called "Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Prologue" for the PlayStation 3. The contents of the prologue mainly revolve around elements of the movie, and features four characters: Alisa Bosconovitch, Devil Jin, Devil Kazuya and Ling Xiaoyu, all of whom feature new costumes (the school uniform for Alisa and Xiaoyu, and the new Devil design from the movie for Devil Jin and Devil Kazuya).


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Prior to the release of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2", Namco Bandai Games allowed players in North America for the first time to try the game at the Team Mad Catz booth during the 2012 MLG Winter Championships event. Namco brought "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" arcade machines to MCM London Comic Con. On June 25, 2012, Namco announced the First-Play Tour, a UK tour designed to let newcomers play the game's Fight Lab mode ahead of the game's release. The tour began at London Trocadero on June 28, and headed to Manchester on July 5 and Glasgow on July 6. On September 11, 2012, Namco attempt a new world record for "largest screen used in a videogame tournament". The attempt took place at Sydney's IMAX theatre.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: To celebrate the launch of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2", Namco launched a competition to find the best "Tekken" inspired images. The competition played on the "Tag" element of the game, with fans from around the globe being asked to use Instagram to tag photos with #WEARETEKKEN or #TTT2 that show what "Tekken" means to them. The favorite photos were selected to go on display at the East Gallery in London to celebrate the games launch on September 14, 2012. One over-all winner, picked by "We Are Tekken" artist Vince Ray, received a "Tekken" prize bundle including a "We Are Tekken" edition of the game, Kotobukiya's Yoshimitsu statue (limited to 500), "We are Tekken" gamer shirt, "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" bowling bag and Vince Ray's Anna Williams poster signed by Harada.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In the U.S., people that pre-ordered "Tekken Tag 2" from GameStop would receive the downloadable content (DLC) for Angel and Kunimitsu as well as the bikini outfits, the Snoop Dogg stage and a 'girl power' poster of Nina and Anna Williams. In Australia, on day one of "Tekken Tag Tournament 2"s launch, customers that placed their pre-orders with selected retailers had access to the exclusive "ANZ Edition", which includes a Metal Tin case with exclusive artwork, the additional four DLC characters, the "Snoop Dogg Stage" and over 150 in-game swimsuit outfits. The "ANZ Edition" is produced in limited quantities and was available through EB Games and JB Hifi in Australia and New Zealand.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In Southeast Asia, copies of a special "Prestige Edition" contains a 256-page art book, two soundtrack CDs containing the original tracks and remixes, a DVD with behind-the-scenes video "Making of "TTT2"", and a "Tekken" wall-sticker signed by producer Katsuhiro Harada, packaged in a black leather box. In addition, all Southeast Asian customers who pre-ordered the game early (standard or "Prestige") got an interlocking code so that players can link their "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" arcade and console progress together, alongside the additional four DLC characters, the "Snoop Dogg Stage" and over 150 in-game swimsuit outfits.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In Europe, UK retailer Game secured the right to sell the "We are Tekken" edition of the game, available for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 version of the game. The game comes packed in an exclusive metal case including the original soundtrack, an additional music CD with remixes, an art book with more than 200 pages, a behind the scenes video with series producer Katsuhiro Harada and other guests offering their best tips.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In April 2012, series producer Katsuhiro Harada stated that while no characters will be paid downloadable content (DLC), those who pre-order the game at select retailers will be able to play as one or more of the four DLC characters (Ancient Ogre, Angel, Kunimitsu and Michelle Chang) at launch, but only for a limited period of time before the content is made available for free to all players.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: On June 5, 2012, at E3, Namco Bandai announced a partnership with American rapper Snoop Dogg for content for "Tekken Tag Tournament 2". Snoop recorded an original song for the game, titled "Knocc 'Em Down", and makes a special appearance as a non-playable character in the "Snoop Dogg Stage" offered as a free pre-order bonus. On July 14, 2012, during Comic Con, Namco announced the "Big Bikini Bundle", which includes over 150 swimsuit outfits. The swimsuit DLC includes suits for all characters: male, female and animal. The "Big Bikini Bundle" was available as a pre-order bonus in addition to the "Snoop Dogg Stage" and additional early access to DLC characters.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: On September 9, 2012, some players found on-disc data for six hidden characters (Dr. Bosconovitch, Miharu Hirano, Sebastian, Slim Bob, Violet and Unknown) and a few hidden stages. Namco announced them on September 12, 2012, stating that starting on October 9, 2012, these six characters, in addition to four new stages (Extravagant Underground, Moai Excavation, Modern Oasis and Odeum of Illusions) to be available for download. The content was announced to be staggered across several free updates, rather than in one major update. The characters Miharu Hirano, Sebastian and Slim Bob, as well as all four new stages, Online World Arena mode and decals for customization, were released on October 9, 2012, as a free update. Dr. Bosconovitch, Violet and Unknown, as well as the four pre-order characters, were released on November 13. In addition to the extra DLC characters, a patch was released which drastically altered the difficulty of Arcade mode.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: Music and cutscenes from all previous "Tekken" games for use in "Tekken Tunes" was also announced be released as DLC, titled the "Tekken Tag 2 Bonus Pack". Music from the original "Tekken", "Tekken 2", "Tekken 3" and "Tekken Tag Tournament" were released on October 9, 2012, and the music from "Tekken 4", "Tekken 5" and "Tekken 6" was released on October 23, 2012. The ending movie packs from the former four games were released the same day. Movies from the latter three games were released on November 20, 2012. Unlike character and pre-order DLC, the music and ending movies come with a fee that is cheaper if the content is downloaded in packs rather than separately.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" has been met with a positive critical response, with aggregating review website Metacritic assigning the Wii U version 83/100, Xbox 360 version 83/100 and PlayStation 3 version 82/100. During its first month of sale, it shifted 840,000 copies in Europe and Japan. As of January 2013, 1.35 million copies have been sold worldwide. By March 2013 the game had sold 1.5 million copies worldwide. The game reached number 2 in the UK sales charts.


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: In "Famitsu", the game scored a rating of 39/40 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions, which was the magazine's highest score for a traditional fighting game since "Dead or Alive 4" in 2005. Joystiq applauded the game for including everything that makes "Tekken" good, stating "its surprisingly deep, accessible gameplay mechanics to its bombastic and hilarious attitude – all presented in a package more polished and refined than ever before." GameSpot hailed this "well-executed and punishing fighter" for its combat system, online play, the Fight Lab mode, and customizable soundtrack, but criticized the inadequate tutorial modes. According to Eurogamer, "It plays it a little safe in places and lacks a truly killer single-player mode, but by broadening the versatility of the tag system while dramatically improving the online functionality, Namco has crafted a new teamwork seminar that builds upon the original in almost all the areas that matter." IGN was more critical of the game that while approving the core gameplay and content, felt that the similar gameplay of its predecessors made it difficult for newcomers of the series. "Game Informer" noted that the game does not overhaul the franchise, but retains the series' already solid gameplay, adding: "It offers a ton of fighters, the tag system is interesting, it plays well online, and it preserves the goofy sense of humor that defines the series. Even with a somewhat bare-bones online offering, it’s still one of the most refined fighters on the market." GameTrailers wrote: "Spinoff or not, this is the best "Tekken" game in years."


title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2

text: "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" was one of the four games nominated at the 2012 Spike TV Video Game Awards in the category "Best Fighting Game", losing to "Persona 4 Arena". GameSpot awarded "Tekken Tag Tournament 2" "Fighting Game of 2012",


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: The sixth season of "Fear the Walking Dead", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on October 11, 2020, and concluded on June 13, 2021, consisting of sixteen episodes. The series is a companion series to "The Walking Dead", which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Greg Nicotero, Gale Anne Hurd, Scott M. Gimple, Andrew Chambliss, and Ian B. Goldberg, with Chambliss and Goldberg as showrunners for the third consecutive season.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: The season follows Morgan Jones (Lennie James) who has been left for dead by Virginia (Colby Minifie), while the remaining members of Morgan's group have been separated by Virginia and her Pioneers and are dispersed across her various settlements. The season also features multiple time jumps.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: The sixth season featured sixteen actors receiving main cast billing status, with eleven returning from the fifth season, while five new cast members are introduced. Christine Evangelista (who was a recurring cast member in "The Walking Dead"), moved to the main cast after her departure from "The Walking Dead". Mo Collins and Colby Hollman were promoted from recurring status and Zoe Colletti and Keith Carradine were added to the main cast.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: In December 2019, it was announced that Zoe Colletti would join the main cast for the sixth season as Dakota, and that Mo Collins and Colby Hollman were promoted to series regulars after having recurring roles since the fourth and fifth seasons, respectively. In January 2020, it was confirmed that Christine Evangelista would reprise her role as Sherry, who last appeared in the seventh season of "The Walking Dead"; she is the third character to crossover from the parent series to "Fear the Walking Dead".


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: Production began in November 2019 in Texas. In March 2020, production for the sixth season was shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the shutdown, the series had almost completed production on the first half of the season and showrunner Andrew Chambliss confirmed that every script for the sixth season was completed. Production was reported to have restarted in late August 2020 and was completed in March 2021.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: Showrunner Ian Goldberg stated that the sixth season would take on an "anthology format", where episodes will focus on individual or pairs of characters, similar to previous episodes like season 4's "Laura". Goldberg also described it as "a darker season".


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: Cast member Lennie James made his directorial debut this season, and was mentored by fellow cast member Colman Domingo who had previously directed episodes for the series; Domingo also directed his third episode of the series in this season.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: The sixth season received generally positive reviews, in contrast to generally mixed-to-negative reviews for the previous two seasons. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 89% based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 7.30/10.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: After a mixed-to-negative reception to the fourth and fifth seasons, the series received a renewed positive critical reception during its sixth season, but also received some mixed reviews as the season progressed. Early episodes of the sixth season were praised; Dalton Ross of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that the series "is having its best season ever" and was positive about the series' take on different genres, writing "The end result is a bolder, more badass collection of stories that manages to feel narratively cohesive while, at the same time, visually and tonally independent." Paul Tassi of "Forbes" was positive towards the season and also noted the positive reactions from fans as well. Emily Hannemann of "TV Insider" also noted the series' improvement over previous seasons and praised the character development, plot and dialogue.


title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 6)

text: Erik Kain of "Forbes" at first gave the sixth season positive reviews, but shifted to very negative, stating "the story manages to be so godawful episode after episode."


title: Robert Rinder

text: Robert Michael Rinder (; born 31 May 1978) better known as Judge Rinder, is a British criminal barrister and television personality. In 2014, while still a practising barrister, he began hosting the reality courtroom series "Judge Rinder". In 2019, he also began hosting the Channel 4 series "The Rob Rinder Verdict".


title: Robert Rinder

text: Rinder was born in London on 31 May 1978 into a Jewish family; his mother is Angela Cohen, chair of the 45 Aid Society. He was brought up in Southgate and was educated at Osidge Primary School and Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet and the National Youth Theatre. Rinder later gave up acting because his peer and later close friend, Benedict Cumberbatch, "was so good". Rinder studied politics and modern history at the University of Manchester, graduating with first-class honours.


title: Robert Rinder

text: Rinder was called to the bar in 2001 after graduating from the University of Manchester, starting his pupillage at 2 Paper Buildings. He then became a tenant at 2 Hare Court. He went on to specialise in cases involving international fraud, money laundering and other forms of financial crime. He was involved in prosecutions following the murders of Leticia Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in January 2003, and the defence of British servicemen on charges of manslaughter after the deaths of detainees in Iraq. Since 2010, he has been involved in the investigation and prosecution of alleged bribery, corruption, and fraud in the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands.


title: Robert Rinder

text: While practising as a barrister, Rinder wrote television scripts in his spare time. Upon attempting to sell one, he met producer Tom McLennan. He approached ITV with a proposal for a remake of the 1970s programme "Crown Court", but this was rejected in favour of a British version of "Judge Judy", and McLennan offered Rinder the opportunity to front it. Since 2014, he has been the eponymous judge in the reality courtroom series "Judge Rinder", where he has been referred to as a British "Judge Judy".


title: Robert Rinder

text: Shortly after the programme started, he criticised Judith Sheindlin, the judge of "Judge Judy", for making judgements based on her preconceptions while claiming that he applied the law seriously and made "real legal rulings". Despite this, he insisted that it be clarified on the programme that he is a practising criminal law barrister and not a civil court judge. As such, he wears his normal barrister's court dress but without the barrister's wig. Rinder received praise for his cross-examination abilities and acerbic comments. His courtroom includes a gavel and flag of the United Kingdom, neither of which is used in British courts but are on display in American courts and televised court programmes, and his show has been criticised as ""The Jeremy Kyle Show" set in a small-claims court".


title: Robert Rinder

text: In 2015, Rinder released a book called "Rinder Rules". In 2016, he presented a new series, "Judge Rinder's Crime Stories", with reconstructions of real crimes. He also hosted "Raising the Bar" on BBC Radio 5 Live, which he started with a discussion with former Lord Chief Justice, Lord Judge. In December 2017, Rinder re-launched "Crown Court" on ITV, newly named "Judge Rinder's Crown Court", with a two-part special after a 30-year hiatus.


title: Robert Rinder

text: From September 2016, Rinder competed in the fourteenth series of "Strictly Come Dancing", stating that he was doing so to make his grandmother proud of him. Rinder was partnered with Ukrainian-born professional dancer Oksana Platero. Rinder was eliminated in week 11 after scoring 31 points dancing a Samba to "Oh, What a Night". He ended the competition in fifth place.


title: Robert Rinder

text: In an episode of "Who Do You Think You Are?" broadcast on 13 August 2018, Rinder traced his Jewish family's tragic history and made new discoveries about his grandfather, Morris Malenicky, a survivor of both Schlieben and Theresienstadt concentration camps.


title: Robert Rinder

text: In December 2018, Rinder hosted "Good Year Bad Year", a one-off special on Channel 4 where Rinder discussed the topical highs and lows of 2018 along with a number of celebrity guests. In 2019, he began hosting the Channel 4 series "The Rob Rinder Verdict".


title: Robert Rinder

text: In November 2020, Rinder released My Family, the Holocaust and Me for BBC One; a documentary which helped Jewish families discover the full truth about what happened to their relatives during the Holocaust. The documentary received widespread acclaim, and "a vital history lesson".


title: Robert Rinder

text: On 14 July 2022, Crime & Investigation UK commissioned the 10-part crime series "Rob Rinder’s Interrogation Secrets"; presented by Rinder, the series premiered on 4 September 2022.


title: Robert Rinder

text: In November 2022, it was announced that Rob Rinder would join chef Monica Galetti as the new co-host of .


title: Robert Rinder

text: Between July and August 2021, Rinder presented a six part series on Classic FM, titled "Robert Rinder’s Classical Passions". As of October 2021, Rinder is the new permanent host of Drivetime every Friday on talkRADIO and talkRADIO TV.


title: Robert Rinder

text: In 2014, Rinder started to write a legal-based discussion column in the newspaper "The Sun", and in 2015, he released a book called "Rinder Rules". Rinder became a columnist for the London "Evening Standard" in 2017.


title: Robert Rinder

text: Rinder is the patron of Buttle UK and, in this capacity, has run The London Marathon, as well as launching The Italian Job 2018 at The NEC, Birmingham on 10 November 2017.


title: Robert Rinder

text: Rinder entered into a same-sex civil partnership with barrister Seth Cumming at a ceremony on the island of Ibiza in 2013, conducted by Rinder's friend, actor Benedict Cumberbatch. Cumberbatch was legally entitled to conduct the ceremony because of his online Universal Life Church ministerial ordination and Rinder was later one of three best men at Cumberbatch's wedding to Sophie Hunter in 2015. It was reported in January 2018 that Rinder and Cumming had separated.


title: Robert Rinder

text: Rinder was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to Holocaust education and awareness.


title: Itzan Escamilla

text: Itzan Escamilla Guerrero is a Spanish actor, known for his role as Samuel García in the Netflix series, "Élite".


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: The Plymouth Superbird is a highly modified, short-lived version of the Plymouth Road Runner with applied graphic images as well as a distinctive horn sound both referencing the popular "Looney Tunes" cartoon character the Road Runner. It was the factory's follow-up stock car racing design, for the 1970 season, to the Dodge Charger Daytona of 1969, and incorporated many engineering changes and modifications (both minor and major) garnered from the Daytona's season in competition.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: The car's primary rivals were the Ford Torino Talladega and Mercury Cyclone, a direct response to the Mopar aero car. It has also been speculated that a motivating factor in the production of the car was to lure Richard Petty back to Plymouth. Both of the Mopar aero cars famously featured a protruding, aerodynamic nosecone, a high-mounted rear wing and, unique to the Superbird, a horn mimicking the Road Runner's signature "beep, beep."


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: Superbirds equipped with the top-of-the-line with a pair of four barrel Carter AFB carburettors (2x4bbl) producing could accelerate from 0 to in 5.5 seconds.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: Developed specifically for NASCAR racing, the Superbird, a modified Road Runner, was Plymouth's follow-on design to the Charger Daytona fielded by sister company Dodge in the previous season. The Charger 500 version that began the 1969 season was the first American car to be designed aerodynamically using a wind tunnel and computer analysis, and later was modified into the Daytona version with nose and tail. The Superbird's smoothed-out body and nosecone were further refined from that of the Daytona, and the street version's retractable headlights (made of fiberglass) added nineteen inches to the Road Runner's original length. The rear wing was mounted on tall vertical struts that put it into less disturbed air thus increasing the efficiency of the downdraft that it placed upon the car's rear axle. For nearly 30 years the mathematic formula used to determine the exact height of the enormous wing was thought to be a highly guarded Chrysler secret. In the 1990s, a retired Chrysler project engineer (incorrectly) claimed publicly that the height was determined in much simpler fashion: it was claimed that it was designed to provide clearance for the trunk lid to open freely. This is an urban myth. The actual height was set to clear the roofline so it was in clean air. The rear-facing fender scoops were to hide cutouts. On Daytonas, the scoops were actually for ventilating trapped air from the wheel wells in order to reduce under fender air pressure and lift. For standard road going Superbirds the covers or "air extractors" were a cosmetic enhancement. Ground clearance was .


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: NASCAR's homologation requirement demanded that vehicles to be raced must be available to the general public and sold through dealerships in specific minimum numbers. For 1970, NASCAR raised the production requirement from 500 examples to one for every two manufacturer's dealers in the United States; in the case of Plymouth, that meant having to build 1,920 Superbirds. Due to increasing emissions regulations, combined with insurance spike for high performance cars and NASCAR's effective ban on the aero cars, 1970 was its only production year.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: "Superbird" decals were placed on the outside edges of the spoiler vertical struts featuring a picture of the Road Runner cartoon character holding a racing helmet. A smaller version of the decal appears on the driver's side headlight door. Superbirds had three engine options: the V8 engine producing at 5000 rpm and at 4000 rpm of torque, the 440 Super Commando Six Barrel with 3X2-barrel carburetors producing and the 440 Super Commando with a single 4-barrel carburetor. Only 135 models were fitted with the 426 Hemi. As the 440 was less expensive to produce, the "street" version of the 426 Hemi engine used in competition was homologated by producing the minimum number required.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: On the street, the nose cone and wing were very distinctive, but the aerodynamic improvements hardly made a difference there or on the drag strip. In fact, the 1970 Road Runner was actually quicker in the quarter mile and standard acceleration tests due to the increased weight produced by the Superbird's nose and wing. Only at speeds in excess of did the modifications begin to show any benefit.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: Chrysler memos of September 1969 show that the sales programming staff were preparing to handle 1,920 winged Plymouths for 1970, but published figures say as many as 2,783 were built. The current figure generally accepted is 1,935 SuperBirds built and shipped to United States dealers, with some 34 to 47 allegedly shipped to Canada. The engine option is also questioned, although the most frequently seen numbers report 135 Hemi SuperBirds and 716 440ci. six-barrel editions, with the remainder powered by 440ci. 4bbl. motors. It is believed that over 1,000 Plymouth SuperBirds exist today.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: In Autumn 1968, Richard Petty left the Plymouth NASCAR Racing Team for Ford's. Charlie Grey, director of the Ford stock car program, felt that hiring Petty would send the message that "money rules none". However, the Superbird was designed specifically to lure Petty back to Plymouth for the 1970 season. Petty did reasonably well against strong Ford opposition on the NASCAR tracks that year, winning eight races and placing well in many more.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: NASCAR's rules implemented for the 1971 season limited the "aero-cars" to an engine displacement of no greater than or they had to carry much more weight compared to their competitors. While they were still legal to race, the power-to-weight consequences that would come with the smaller engine or the increased weight rendered the cars uncompetitive. This was the start of a trend of rules slowing down NASCAR, because the races were exceeding the technology of tires and safety over . Ford, in response, also designed the 1970 Torino King Cobra with an aerodynamic, superbird-style nose, but it was abandoned.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: The Superbird's styling proved to be extreme for 1970's tastes (many customers preferred the regular Road Runner), and as a consequence, many of the 1,920 examples built sat unsold on the back lots of dealerships as late as 1972. Some were converted into 1970 Road Runners to move them off the sales lot. Some manufacturers produce Superbird conversion kits for 1970 Road Runners and Satellites. Kits are also available for non produced 1971 and 1972 bodies for the Superbird. More recently they have been very steadily rising in price, regularly fetching from US$100,000 to $200,000 however this does vary based on the engine, gearbox and other factory options on the car.


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: The Superbird and the Dodge Charger Daytona were each built for one model year only (1970 and 1969 respectively).


title: Plymouth Superbird

text: The "Cars" character Strip 'The King' Weathers (voiced by Richard Petty) is based on Petty's own #43 Superbird. Caroline Jones drives a Superbird in her music videos “The Difference (Goshdamn)” and “Chasin’ Me”.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Ronaldo Souza dos Santos (born December 7, 1979), nicknamed "Jacare" (), is a Brazilian former mixed martial artist and submission grappler who competed for UFC from 2013 to 2021. A highly regarded grappler on the world stage, Souza is a former Strikeforce Middleweight Champion, and has also formerly competed for DREAM and Jungle Fight.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was born in Vila Velha, Brazil, into a cafuzo family and was raised in Cariacica, Brazil. Souza had a rough upbringing, and on the day he turned 15, he saw one of his good friends get shot to death. After this event, Souza's mother moved him to Manaus to go and live with his brother and he started training in Judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu when he was 17. He is an eight-time World Jiu-Jitsu Champion, including gold medals in the Openweight class in 2003, 2004 and 2005. His other credentials include the 2005 77–87 kg ADCC Champion and the 2005 ADCC Absolute Division runner-up, only losing to Roger Gracie who outweighed him by approximately 25 lbs. Along with Roger Gracie and Marcelo Garcia, Souza is widely considered to be among the greatest BJJ practitioners of his time.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza made his mixed martial arts debut on September 9, 2003, at "Jungle Fight"'s inaugural event where he lost to Jorge "Macaco" Patino by KO at 3:13 into the first round. He returned to mixed martial arts eight months later at "Jungle Fight 2" securing a submission win over Victor Babkir under a minute into the first round. His next fight was in April 2006 at "Jungle Fight 6" where he got his second win, defeating Alexander Shlemenko by an arm triangle choke submission. He went on to fight twice before the end of 2006, winning both fights by submission during the first round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: In 2006, Souza fought and drew with UFC Hall of Famer Randy Couture in a grappling contest. After the match Souza was invited by Couture to train at his gym. Souza accepted and started training at Xtreme Couture in Las Vegas. Souza's first fight of 2007 was on May 19 with him scoring a submission win due to strikes over veteran Bill Vucick at "Gracie Fighting Championships: Evolution". He would next fight twice within a two-week period on September 29 and October 13, scoring two submission wins both within the first round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: In 2008, Souza signed with Japanese MMA-promotion DREAM and was scheduled to participate in the 2008 DREAM Middleweight Grand-Prix. In the first round of the tournament, at DREAM 2 on April 29, 2008, he defeated Ian Murphy by a rear-naked choke submission in the first round. This secured him a place in the quarter-finals which took place at DREAM 4 on June 15 where he fought former ICON Sport Middleweight Champion Jason "Mayhem" Miller. The fight went the distance with Souza continuously going for submissions with Miller escaping multiple rear-naked choke, leglock and armbar-attempts while mounting his own offense on the feet. Souza was awarded a unanimous decision victory which secured him a place in the semi-final of the Middleweight Grand-Prix.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: In the semi-finals which took place at DREAM 6 on September 23, Souza defeated Zelg Galesic early in the first round by armbar submission. The victory earned him a place in the finals of the tournament and a shot at the DREAM Middleweight Championship against Gegard Mousasi that same night. In the fight Souza was knocked out early in the first round by an upkick as he attempted to dive past Mousasi's guard to land a strike of his own. After participating in the tournament, Souza left Xtreme Couture and went to San Diego to train with Saulo and Xande Ribeiro, before leaving to train with Anderson Silva and André Galvão in preparation for Silva's upcoming bout with Thales Leites at "UFC 97" at Black House.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza fought in the DREAM Middleweight Championship in a rematch with Jason Miller at "DREAM 9" after Gegard Mousasi vacated the title when moving up to Light Heavyweight. The fight was called a no contest due to an illegal kick to the head that opened up a gash on Souza's head.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza made his Strikeforce debut on December 19, 2009, at with a first-round submission win over Matt Lindland, via arm-triangle choke. In this fight, Souza showed a major improvement in his stand up game and striking. Souza faced Joey Villaseñor on May 15, 2010, at . He won the fight via unanimous decision, dominating the first round, being very aggressive, achieving the mount position and almost achieving the submission, but slowed down on the 2nd and 3rd round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza fought Tim Kennedy on August 21, 2010, at for the vacant Strikeforce Middleweight Championship, and won via unanimous decision. Souza then defended the belt for the first time against Robbie Lawler, on January 29, 2011, at .


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: In his second defense, Souza lost his Middleweight Championship against American Kickboxing Academy fighter Luke Rockhold via unanimous decision (50–45, 48–47, and 48–47).


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: On March 3, 2012, Souza made his sixth Strikeforce appearance against late replacement Bristol Marunde. Souza won via arm-triangle choke, submitting Marunde at 2:43 of the final round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: On August 18, 2012, Souza faced Derek Brunson in his seventh Strikeforce appearance. Souza dropped Brunson early with a counter right hand which planted Brunson on the mat and landed three ground strikes, knocking out Brunson in just 41 seconds.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza faced UFC veteran Ed Herman at the final Strikeforce card, , on January 12, 2013. He won via submission in the first round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was expected to make his promotional debut against Costas Philippou on May 18, 2013, at UFC on FX 8. Philippou pulled out of the bout in early May, citing a cut above his eye, and was replaced by Chris Camozzi. Souza arm-triangle choked Camozzi unconscious in the first round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza beat Francis Carmont by unanimous decision (29–28, 29–28, and 30–27) on February 15, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 36. After, he said he was injured during his training camp and would require a minimum of six weeks for recovery.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was expected to rematch Gegard Mousasi on August 2, 2014, at UFC 176. When the event was cancelled, the bout was rescheduled for September 5, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 50. Souza won via submission in the third round, earning his first "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was expected to face Yoel Romero on February 28, 2015, at UFC 184. Souza pulled out of the fight on January 15, due to pneumonia. The bout was rescheduled for April 18, 2015 at UFC on Fox 15. Romero pulled out of the fight a week before the event, citing a ligament and meniscus tear in his knee.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: The bout with Romero was scheduled for a third time, eventually taking place on December 12, 2015, at UFC 194. Souza lost the bout via split decision. 12 of 17 media outlets scored the bout in favor of Souza, and 3 of 17 scored it a draw.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza faced Vitor Belfort on May 14, 2016, at UFC 198. He won the fight via TKO in the first round and was awarded a "Performance of the Night" bonus.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was expected to face Luke Rockhold in a rematch on November 27, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 101. However, the pairing was cancelled on November 1, 2016, after Rockhold was ruled out of the contest after sustaining an undisclosed injury. As a result, Souza was removed from the card as well.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza faced Tim Boetsch on February 11, 2017, at UFC 208. He won the fight via submission in the first round. The win also earned Souza his third "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza fought Robert Whittaker on April 15, 2017, at UFC on Fox 24. He lost by second-round TKO. During the event weekend, Souza signed a new, eight-fight deal with UFC.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: A rematch with Derek Brunson took place on January 27, 2018, in the main event at UFC on Fox 27. Souza won the fight via TKO in the first round. This win earned him the Performance of the Night bonus.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza faced Kelvin Gastelum on May 12, 2018, at UFC 224. He lost the fight via split decision. The fight also received "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was expected to face David Branch on November 3, 2018, at UFC 230. However, on October 19, 2018, It was reported that Souza replaced injured Luke Rockhold to face Chris Weidman in the event. He won the fight via knockout in the third round. Both fighters earned Fight of the Night honors.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was scheduled to face Yoel Romero on April 27, 2019, at UFC on ESPN 3. However, it was reported in early April that Romero pulled out of the bout due to illness. Souza remained on the card and faced Jack Hermansson in the main event at . He lost the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza moved up to the Light Heavyweight division and faced Jan Błachowicz on November 16, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 164. He would lose the fight by split decision.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was scheduled to face Uriah Hall for a middleweight bout on April 18, 2020, at UFC 249. However, on April 9, Dana White, the president of UFC announced that this event was postponed and the bout and event were rescheduled for May 9, 2020. On May 8, Souza had to withdraw from the fight after testing positive for COVID-19.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza was expected to face Marvin Vettori on December 12, 2020, at UFC 256. However, the bout was scrapped when it was revealed Vettori would be serving as a late replacement to face Jack Hermansson at UFC on ESPN 19 and Souza instead faced Kevin Holland. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: Souza faced André Muniz on May 15, 2021, at UFC 262. He lost the fight via technical submission in the first round after his arm snapped while trapped in an armbar. Souza underwent surgery to repair his right humerus. The bout was the last of his prevailing contract, making him a free agent after the organization did not re-sign Souza.


title: Ronaldo Souza

text: On October 8, 2020, Souza revealed the plans to start his own BJJ Academy in Orlando, Florida. In 2022, he expressed plans for a debut in boxing.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Donald Trump, former president of the United States, has a history of speech and actions that have been viewed by scholars and the public as racist or white supremacist. Journalists, friends, family, and former employees have accused him of fueling racism in the United States. Trump has repeatedly denied accusations of racism, and some people he has worked with have stated that he is not racist.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 1973, Trump and his company Trump Management were sued by the Department of Justice for housing discrimination against African-American renters; he settled the suit, entering into a consent decree to end the practices without admitting wrongdoing. The Justice Department sued again in 1978, claiming continued racial discrimination in violation of the consent decree, but that settlement agreement expired in 1982, ending the case.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: From 2011 to 2016, Trump was a leading proponent of the debunked birther conspiracy theory claiming president Barack Obama was not born in the United States. In a racially-charged criminal case, Trump continued to state, as late as 2019, that a group of black and Hispanic teenagers were guilty of the 1989 rape of a white woman in the Central Park jogger case, despite the five males having been officially exonerated in 2002, based on a confession by an imprisoned serial rapist that was confirmed by DNA evidence.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump launched his 2016 presidential campaign with a speech in which he spoke with an extremist view of Mexican immigrants: "They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people." He said that Justice Gonzalo P. Curiel, who was born in Indiana, should be disqualified from deciding cases against him because "this judge is of Mexican heritage". He retweeted false statistics claiming that African Americans are responsible for the majority of murders of white Americans, and in some speeches he has repeatedly linked African Americans and Hispanics with violent crime. During the campaign, Trump used the fears of the white working class voters, and created the impression of global danger of groups that are deemed to pose a challenge to the nation.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump made comments following a 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, that were seen by critics as implying moral equivalence between the white supremacist marchers and those who protested against them as "very fine people". In 2018, during an Oval Office meeting about immigration reform, Trump allegedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, and African countries as "shitholes", which was widely condemned as a racist comment. In July 2019, Trump tweeted about four Democratic congresswomen of color, three of whom were American-born: "Why don't they go back and help fix the totally broken and crime-infested places from which they came. Then come back and show us how it is done." News outlets such as "The Atlantic" criticized this comment as a common racist trope. He later denied his comments were racist, saying "if somebody has a problem with our country, if somebody doesn't want to be in our country, they should leave."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump's controversial statements have been condemned by many observers around the world, but excused by some of his supporters as a rejection of political correctness and by others because they harbor similar racial beliefs. Several studies and surveys have shown that racist attitudes and racial resentment have fueled Trump's political ascendance, and have become more significant than economic factors in determining the party allegiance of U.S. voters. Racist and Islamophobic attitudes have been shown to be a powerful indicator of support for Trump.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 1973, the U.S. Department of Justice sued Trump Management, Donald Trump and his father Fred, for discrimination against African Americans in their renting practices.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Testers from the New York City Human Rights Division had found that prospective black renters at Trump buildings were told there were no apartments available, while prospective White renters were offered apartments at the same buildings. During the investigation, four of Trump's agents admitted to using a "C" (for "colored") or "9" code to label Black applicants and stated that they were told their company "discouraged rental to blacks" or that they were "not allowed to rent to black tenants," and that prospective Black renters should be sent to the central office while White renters could have their applications accepted on site. Three doormen testified to being told to discourage prospective Black renters by lying about the rental prices or claiming no vacancies were available. A settlement was reached in 1975 where Trump agreed to familiarize himself with the Fair Housing Act, take out ads stating that Black renters were welcome, give a list of vacancies to the Urban League on a weekly basis, and allow the Urban League to present qualified candidates for 20% of vacancies in properties that were less than 10% non-White.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Elyse Goldweber, the Justice Department lawyer tasked with taking Trump's deposition, has stated that during a coffee break Trump said to her directly, "You know, you don't want to live with them either."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: The Trump Organization was sued again in 1978 for violating terms of the 1975 settlement by continuing to refuse to rent to black tenants; Trump and his lawyer Roy Cohn denied the charges. In 1983 the Metropolitan Action Institute noted that two Trump Village properties were still over 95% White.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On the night of April 19, 1989, Trisha Meili was assaulted, raped, and sodomized in Manhattan's Central Park. On the night of the attack, five juvenile males—four African Americans and one of Hispanic descent—were apprehended in connection with a number of attacks in Central Park committed by around 30 teenage perpetrators. The prosecution ignored evidence suggesting there was a single perpetrator whose DNA did not match any of the suspects, instead using confessions that the suspects said were coerced and false. They were convicted in 1990 by juries in two separate trials, receiving sentences ranging from 5 to 15 years. The attacks were highly publicized in the media.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On May 1, 1989, Trump called for the return of the death penalty by taking out a full-page advertisement in all four of the city's major newspapers. He said he wanted the "criminals of every age" who were accused of beating and raping a jogger in Central Park "to be afraid." Trump told Larry King on CNN: "The problem with our society is the victim has absolutely no rights and the criminal has unbelievable rights" and, speaking of another case where a woman was raped and thrown out a window, "maybe hate is what we need if we're gonna get something done."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 2002, an imprisoned serial rapist confessed to the jogger's rape, which was confirmed by DNA evidence, and the convictions of the five men were vacated. They sued New York City in 2003 for malicious prosecution, racial discrimination, and emotional distress. Lawyers for the five defendants said that Trump's advertisement had inflamed public opinion. The city settled the case for $41 million in 2014. In June of that year, Trump called the settlement "a disgrace" and said that the group's guilt was still likely: "Settling doesn't mean innocence. [...] These young men do not exactly have the pasts of angels."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In October 2016, when Trump campaigned to be president, he said that Central Park Five were guilty and that their convictions should never have been vacated, attracting criticism from the Central Park Five themselves and others. Republican senator John McCain retracted his endorsement of Trump, citing in part "outrageous statements about the innocent men in the Central Park Five case." Yusuf Salaam, one of the five defendants, said that he had falsely confessed out of coercion, after having been mistreated by police while in custody. Filmmaker Ken Burns, who directed the documentary "The Central Park Five" that helped clear the names of the accused, called Trump's comments "the height of vulgarity" and "out and out racism".


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In June 2019 in response to Ken Burns' documentary and the Netflix miniseries "When They See Us", Trump stood by his previous statements, saying "You have people on both sides of that. They admitted their guilt. If you look at Linda Fairstein and if you look at some of the prosecutors, they think that the city should never have settled that case. So we'll leave it at that."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In a 1989 interview with Bryant Gumbel, Trump stated: "A well-educated black has a tremendous advantage over a well-educated white in terms of the job market." "Fortune" magazine reported that Trump's statement was not confirmed by studies of factual evidence concerning the impact of an applicant's race on their job prospects.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: I've got black accountants at Trump Castle and at Trump Plaza. Black guys counting my money! I hate it. The only kind of people I want counting my money are short guys wearing yarmulkes... Those are the only kind of people I want counting my money. Nobody else... Besides that, I've got to tell you something else. I think that the guy's lazy. And it's probably not his fault because laziness is a trait in blacks.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump told "Playboy" magazine in an interview published in 1997, "The stuff O'Donnell wrote about me is probably true." Two years later, when seeking the nomination of the Reform Party for president, Trump denied having made the statement.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump has made comments on white supremacist David Duke. PolitiFact noted that Duke was a topic in which Trump had changed his stance to offer false remarks.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 1991, when Trump was asked about Duke receiving a majority of white votes in the Louisiana gubernatorial election (Duke however lost the overall vote), Trump reacted: "I hate seeing what it represents, but I guess it just shows there's a lot of hostility in this country ... People are angry about the jobs."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 2000, Trump refused the Reform Party's nomination of him for president, because of other people who had joined the party: "a Klansman—Mr. Duke, a Neo-Nazi—Mr. Buchanan, and a Communist—Ms. Fulani." Trump also called Duke "a bigot, a racist, a problem."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 2015, as a presidential candidate, Trump was asked about Duke's "quasi-endorsement" of him, to which Trump replied: "I certainly wouldn't want his endorsement". During the same interview, Trump was asked if he would "repudiate" Duke, Trump said: "I would do that, if it made you feel better. I don't know anything about him."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On February 25, 2016, Duke said that he did "support" a vote for Trump. On February 26, Trump said that he "didn't even know" Duke endorsed him: "I disavow, okay?"


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On February 28, Trump was asked by CNN's Jake Tapper if he would "unequivocally condemn" Duke and reject votes from him and other white supremacists. Trump responded: "I know nothing about David Duke. I know nothing about white supremacists." Tapper asked again if Trump would condemn white supremacists and reject their support; Trump refused to do that immediately, saying: "I have to look at the group ... You wouldn't want me to condemn a group that I know nothing about ... I would disavow if I thought there was something wrong." Tapper then specifically asked Trump about the Ku Klux Klan twice, with Trump replying: "But you may have groups in there that are totally fine, and it would be very unfair. So, give me a list of the groups, and I will let you know ... I don't know any—honestly, I don't know David Duke." PolitiFact gave Trump's February 28 claim that he knew nothing about Duke their worst rating, "Pants on Fire!" false, pointing to his statements two days earlier, and in previous years 1991, 2000 and 2015.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On February 29, 2016, Trump blamed his answers on Duke the previous day on "a very bad earpiece". He declared: "I don't mind disavowing anybody and I disavowed David Duke ... I have no problem disavowing groups, but I'd at least like to know who they are. It would be very unfair to disavow a group if the group shouldn't be disavowed." On March 1, Trump was asked if he was prepared to clearly state that he was "renouncing the support of all white supremacists", to which Trump replied: "I am."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: During the early 1990s, competition from an expanding Native American casino industry threatened his Atlantic City investments. During this period Trump stated that "nobody likes Indians as much as Donald Trump" but then claimed without evidence that the mob had infiltrated Native American casinos, that there was no way "Indians" or an "Indian chief" could stand up to the mob, implied that the casinos were not in fact owned by Native Americans based on the owners' appearance, and depicted Native Americans as greedy.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 2000, Trump and his associates were fined $250,000 and publicly apologized for failing to reveal that they had financed advertisements criticizing the proposal of building more Native American casinos in the Catskill Mountains, which alluded to Mohawk Indians doing cocaine and bringing violence, asking: "Are these the new neighbors we want?" The advertisements, claiming to be funded by "grass-roots, pro-family" donors, were actually designed by Roger Stone, while Trump approved and financed the million-dollar venture.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In April 2005, Trump appeared on Howard Stern's radio show, where Trump proposed that the fourth season of the television show "The Apprentice" would feature an exclusively white team of blondes competing against a team of only African-Americans. Stern asked Trump if that would start a "racial war", to which Trump replied: "it would be handled very beautifully by me ... I'm very diplomatic." The proposal was rejected by television executives at NBC. The actual fourth season of "The Apprentice" concluded with Trump asking the male African-American winner of the season, Randal Pinkett, to share the honor with the runner-up, a white woman. Pinkett said this was "racist".


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump has also been accused of using racial slurs during filming of "The Apprentice". Former "Apprentice" contestant and former Trump administration communications director Omarosa Manigault Newman claims that Trump used "the N-word and others." Bill Pruitt, co-producer of Season One of "The Apprentice" has also claimed that Trump used a racial slur during filming of the show.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 2011, Trump revived the already discredited Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories that had been in circulation since Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, and, for the following five years, he played a leading role in the so-called "birther movement". In Trump's first speech at CPAC in February 2011, credited with launching his political career within the Republican Party, he claimed that Obama "came out of nowhere. In fact, I'll take it even further: The people who went to school with him, they never saw him. They don't know who he is. It's crazy." After Obama released his long-form birth certificate in 2011, Trump claimed the certificate was a fraud. In September 2016, after Trump campaign surrogates falsely claimed that Trump had accepted Obama's citizenship in 2011, Trump acknowledged that Obama was born in the US, while falsely claiming that it was Hillary Clinton who originally raised questions about Obama's place of birth. In November 2017, "The New York Times" reported that Trump was "still privately asserting that Obama's birth certificate may have been fraudulent."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: During an interview with Don Lemon, he defended his statements about Mexican immigrants by rhetorically asking “Who is doing the raping?”


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University alleging that the company had made false statements and defrauded consumers. Two class-action civil lawsuits were also filed naming Trump personally as well as his companies. During the presidential campaign, Trump criticized Judge Gonzalo P. Curiel who oversaw those two cases, alleging bias in his rulings because he is "a Mexican judge. He’s of Mexican heritage." Although his parents immigrated from Mexico, Judge Curiel is an American citizen, born in East Chicago, Indiana. Trump said that Curiel would have "an absolute conflict" due to his Mexican heritage which led to accusations of racism. Speaker of the House and a Trump supporter, Republican Paul Ryan commented, "I disavow these comments. Claiming a person can't do the job because of their race is sort of like the textbook definition of a racist comment. I think that should be absolutely disavowed. It's absolutely unacceptable."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On August 19, 2015, two white men (who later pled guilty to the attack) assaulted a man who was sleeping outside a subway station in Boston. Police detained the assailants, and one of them confessed his motivation for the attack: "Donald Trump was right, all these illegals need to be deported." Later that day, Trump, while at a news conference, was informed of the incident. He responded: "I haven’t heard about that. It would be a shame...I will say that people who are following me are very passionate. They love this country and they want this country to be great again."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: At a rally in Birmingham, Alabama on November 21, 2015, Trump falsely claimed that he had seen television reports about "thousands and thousands" of Arab Americans in New Jersey celebrating as the World Trade Center collapsed during the 9/11 attacks. In an interview with George Stephanopoulos, Trump doubled-down on the assertion, insisting that "there were people that were cheering on the other side of New Jersey, where you have large Arab populations".


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In August 2016 Trump campaigned in Maine, which has a large immigrant Somali population. At a rally he said, "We've just seen many, many crimes getting worse all the time, and as Maine knows—a major destination for Somali refugees—right, am I right?" Trump also alluded to risks of terrorism, referring to an incident in June 2016 when three young Somali men were found guilty of planning to join the Islamic State in Syria.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In Lewiston, home to the largest population of Maine Somalis, the police chief said Somalis have integrated into the city and they have not caused an increase in crime; crime is actually going down, not up. The mayor said Lewiston is safe and they all get along. At a Somali support rally following Trump's comments the Portland mayor welcomed the city's Somali residents, saying, "We need you here." Maine Republican US senator Susan Collins commented, "Mr. Trump's statements disparaging immigrants who have come to this country legally are particularly unhelpful. Maine has benefited from people from Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and, increasingly, Africa—including our friends from Somalia."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Prior to and during the 2016 campaign, Trump used his political platform to spread disparaging messages against various racial groups. Trump claimed, "the overwhelming amount of violent crime in our cities is committed by blacks and Hispanics," that "there's killings on an hourly basis virtually in places like Baltimore and Chicago and many other places," that "There are places in America that are among the most dangerous in the world. You go to places like Oakland. Or Ferguson. The crime numbers are worse. Seriously," and retweeted a false claim that 81% of white murder victims were killed by black people (the actual percentage was 15%, according to the FBI for 2014).


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: During the campaign Trump was found to have retweeted the main influencers of the #WhiteGenocide movement over 75 times, including twice that he retweeted a user with the handle @WhiteGenocideTM. Trump also falsely claimed that, "African American communities are absolutely in the worst shape they've ever been in before. Ever, ever, ever," that "You go into the inner cities and you see it's 45 percent poverty, African Americans now 45 percent poverty in the inner cities," and that "African Americans and Hispanics are living in hell. You walk down the street and you get shot."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Other claims were directed towards President Barack Obama. Trump blamed Obama for the 2014 Ferguson unrest with "President Obama has absolutely no control (or respect) over the African American community" as well as the 2015 Baltimore riots in "Our great African American President hasn't exactly had a positive impact on the thugs who are so happily and openly destroying Baltimore!" Trump also made unsourced claims stating that Obama "wasn't a very good student" who needed some sort of ambiguous help to get into college, suggested that Obama may not have attended courses, repeated on several occasions the conspiracy theory that Obama had Bill Ayers write his book for him, and stated, "Sadly, because president Obama has done such a poor job as president, you won't see another black president for generations!" Trump claimed that Russian President Vladimir Putin used "the N-word" to describe Obama, stating that this showed that Putin has no respect for Obama and that Trump himself would do a better job in such a position.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump also suggested that evangelicals should not trust Ted Cruz because Cruz is Cuban and that Jeb Bush "has to like the Mexican illegals because of his wife," who is Mexican American.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Trump's popularity among Hispanic and Latino Americans was low according to polling data; a nationwide survey conducted in February 2016 showed that some 80 percent of Hispanic voters had an unfavorable view of Trump (including 70 percent who had a "very unfavorable" view), more than double the percentage of any other Republican candidate. These low rankings are attributed to Trump campaigning in support of a proposed Mexican border wall and his rhetoric against illegal immigration. Despite expectations of low Latino support, Trump received about 29% of the Hispanic vote, slightly more than Romney received in 2012.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: According to polling data during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Trump was receiving little support from African Americans. In a Morning Consult poll in August 2016, only 5% of black voters said they intend to vote for Trump. However, Trump ended up receiving 8% of the African-American vote (about 500,000 more votes than Mitt Romney received in 2012). Speaking in Virginia in August 2016, Trump said, "You're living in your poverty, your schools are no good, you have no jobs, 58 percent of your youth is unemployed—what the hell do you have to lose by trying something new, like Trump?"


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In June 2016, at a rally in Redding, California, Trump pointed to a man in the audience—Gregory Cheadle, a real estate broker—and said, "Look at my African American over here. Look at him. Are you the greatest?" Cheadle later declared in 2019 that he was so unhappy with Trump's "white superiority complex" and the "pro-white" Republican Party's usage of blacks as "political pawns" that he was leaving the Republican Party. Cheadle also said “we just haven't had people called the names publicly that we have had with this administration.”


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: On January 27, 2017, via executive order, which he titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, President Trump ordered the U.S. border indefinitely closed to Syrian refugees fleeing the civil war. He also abruptly temporarily halted (for 90 days) immigration from six other Muslim-majority nations: Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen. Human rights activists described these actions as government-approved religious persecution. The order was stayed by Federal courts. The Trump White House would go on to issue revised versions of the ban on March 6, 2017, and September 24, 2017. The Supreme Court eventually upheld the third version in June 2018, with


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Chief Justice Roberts writing for the majority that "The Proclamation is expressly premised on legitimate purposes: preventing entry of nationals who cannot be adequately vetted and inducing other nations to improve their practices". However, dissenting, Justice Sonia Sotomayor compared the opinion to one made in 1944 which allowed the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. In a "Guardian" editorial, writer Moustafa Bayoumi criticised the Supreme Court for upholding the Executive Order, commenting, "The Muslim ban ruling legitimates Trump's bigotry [...]


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: and the racist view that Muslims are a unique national security threat because they are Muslims persists.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: By June 2020, two hundred of Trump's judicial nominees had been confirmed to lifetime appointments as Article III judges. None of his three Supreme Court judges, none of his 53 appeals court judges, and neither of his two Court of International Trade judges are Black. One is Latino American, and seven are Asian Pacific American. The remainder of Trump's 200 judicial appointments were to district courts. Nine of these 143 district court judges (6%) are Black.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In a February 2017 presidential press conference, White House press correspondent April Ryan asked Trump if he would involve the Congressional Black Caucus when making plans for executive orders affecting inner city areas. Trump replied, "Well, I would. I tell you what. Do you want to set up the meeting?" When Ryan said she was just a reporter, Trump pursued, "Are they friends of yours?" "The New York Times" wrote that Trump was "apparently oblivious to the racial undertones of posing such a query to a black journalist". Journalist Jonathan Capehart commented, "Does he think that all black people know each other and she's going to go run off and set up a meeting for him?"


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In March 2017, six members of the Congressional Black Caucus met with President Trump to discuss the caucus's reply to Trump's campaign-rally question to African Americans, "What do you have to lose?" (by voting for him). The question was part of Trump's campaign rhetoric that was seen as characterizing all African Americans in terms of helpless poverty and inner-city violence. According to two people who attended the March meeting, Trump asked caucus members if they personally knew new cabinet member Ben Carson and appeared surprised when no one said they knew him. Also, when a caucus member told Trump that cuts to welfare programs would hurt her constituents, "not all of whom are black", the president replied, "Really? Then what are they?", although most welfare recipients are white. The caucus chairman, Rep. Cedric Richmond, later said the meeting was productive and that the goals of the caucus and the administration were more similar than different: "The route to get there is where you may see differences. Part of that is just education and life experiences."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In June 2017, Trump called together a staff meeting to complain about the number of immigrants who had entered the country since his inauguration. "The New York Times" reported that two officials at the meeting state that when Trump read off a sheet stating that 15,000 persons had visited from Haiti, he commented, "They all have AIDS," and when reading that 40,000 persons had visited from Nigeria, he said that after seeing America the Nigerians would never "go back to their huts." Both officials who heard Trump's statements relayed them to other staff members at the time, but the White House has denied that Trump used those words and some of the other officials present claim not to remember them being used.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In September 2017 after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico and decimated services across the island, the Mayor of San Juan Carmen Yulín Cruz went on television to plea for help and accused the federal response of fatal inefficiency. Trump responded with a series of tweets claiming that the Puerto Rican leadership were "not able to get their workers to help" because "They want everything to be done for them" while claiming that federal workers were doing a "fantastic job." As the death toll on the island reached into the thousands, Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York and others criticized the federal government and suggested that racism was partially to blame for the insufficient response.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Arizona sheriff Joe Arpaio oversaw the worst pattern of racial profiling in U.S. history. The illegal tactics that he was using included "extreme racial profiling and sadistic punishments that involved the torture, humiliation, and degradation of Latino inmates". The DoJ filed suit against him for unlawful discriminatory police conduct. He ignored their orders and was subsequently convicted of contempt of court for continuing to racially profile Hispanics. Calling him "a great American patriot", President Trump pardoned him soon afterwards, even before sentencing took place. House speaker Paul Ryan, and both Arizona senators, John McCain and Jeff Flake, were critical of Trump's decision. Constitutional scholars also opposed the decision to grant the pardon, which according to Harvard Law School professor Noah Feldman was "an assault on the federal judiciary, the constitution and the rule of law itself". The American Civil Liberties Union, which was involved in the case resulting in Arpaio's conviction, tweeted: "By pardoning Joe Arpaio, Donald Trump has sent another disturbing signal to an emboldened white nationalist movement that this White House supports racism and bigotry." According to ACLU deputy legal director Cecilia Wang, the pardon was "a presidential endorsement of racism".


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In August 2016 Colin Kaepernick, an NFL quarterback, began sitting (later kneeling) during the playing of the U.S. national anthem before games as a protest of police brutality and racial inequality suffered by Black Americans. Then-candidate Trump entered into the debate within days, stating of Kaepernick, "I think it's personally not a good thing, I think it's a terrible thing. And, you know, maybe he should find a country that works better for him. Let him try, it won't happen."


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: Shortly after the start of the next NFL season in September 2017, President Trump commented extensively on the protests during a rally for Alabama Senate candidate Luther Strange, stating, "Wouldn't you love to see one of these NFL owners, when somebody disrespects our flag, to say, 'Get that son of a bitch off the field right now, out, he's fired. He's fired.' You know, some owner is going to do that. He's going to say, 'That guy that disrespects our flag, he's fired.' And that owner, they don't know it they'll be the most popular person in this country. Because that's a total disrespect of our heritage." Trump later pushed back against the players' concerns regarding racial inequality via Twitter, stating, "The issue of kneeling has nothing to do with race. It is about respect for our Country, Flag and National Anthem. NFL must respect this!" In October of that year, Trump had Vice President Mike Pence attend an NFL game in Indianapolis, telling him "to leave stadium if any players kneeled, disrespecting our country." Pence left after the anthem, an action that was seen by many as a publicity stunt. Trump's public criticisms of the player protests continued throughout the year.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In October 2017 Trump publicly praised Dallas Cowboys's owner Jerry Jones after he announced that he would bench players who failed to stand during the anthem. That month Colin Kaepernick filed a collusion case against the NFL, charging that NFL owners, under the influence of Trump, had colluded to agree not to hire Kaepernick as punishment for his protests. In a player-owner meeting several owners expressed reluctance to continue allowing players to protest as they feared Trump. New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft, a public supporter of Trump, stated "The problem we have is, we have a president who will use that as fodder to do his mission that I don't feel is in the best interests of America. It's divisive and it's horrible." Kaepernick lawyer Mark Geragos stated, "They were clearly colluding because they were intimidated by the president. The only reason—and the owners will admit this—that they haven't signed him is because of Trump, and they've colluded because of Trump." Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross admitted in a deposition that he had originally supported the players' protest but then changed his position due to Trump, and several other owners testified that Trump had contacted them directly regarding the protests. Trump later praised NFL owners when they voted to allow protesters to be penalized or dismissed for their actions, taking the occasion to suggest that players who didn't want to stand for the anthem didn't belong in the country. Several commentators saw this move by the NFL as a decision to stand with Trump and against the Black protesters.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: In June 2018 Trump dis-invited the Super Bowl Champion Philadelphia Eagles from their White House visit after finding that only a minority of the players were planning on attending due to their general disagreement with Trump's policies. Trump claimed that the players' motivation for not coming was his insistence on standing during the anthem, a claim that was refuted by several Eagles players, as in fact none of the players on that team had knelt during that season. Commentators noted that Trump's redirection of the issue towards the anthem controversy was an attempt to play on social and racial issues in order to fire up his base and have connected it to his public criticisms of Black NBA players, Black UCLA basketball players, and a Black anchor on ESPN.


title: Racial views of Donald Trump

text: A far-right rally called "Unite the Right" was held in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 11–12, 2017. Its stated goal was to oppose the removal of a statue of Robert E. Lee from Emancipation Park. Protesters included white supremacists, white nationalists, neo-Confederates, Klansmen, neo-Nazis, and various militias. Some chanted racist and antisemitic slogans, and carried Nazi flags, Confederate battle flags, anti-Muslim and antisemitic banners, and semi-automatic rifles. Some of the protesters and counterprotesters carried shields and sticks, and both groups were "swinging sticks, punching and spraying chemicals", forcing police to declare unlawful assembly and disperse the crowds. Two hours after the dispersal order, a woman was killed and 35 other people injured at a nearby mall, when a self-professed neo-Nazi drove his car into a group of people who had been protesting against the rally.