title: Blue October

text: Blue October is an American rock band originally from Houston, Texas. The band was formed in 1995 and is currently composed of singer/guitarist Justin Furstenfeld, drummer Jeremy Furstenfeld, multi-instrumentalist Ryan Delahoussaye, bassist Matt Noveskey and lead guitarist Will Knaak.


title: Blue October

text: The band has had seventeen Top 40 singles on the alternative rock chart over their past eight studio albums, and are best known for their platinum singles "Hate Me" and "Into the Ocean" from their 2006 platinum album "Foiled". Their latest album, the triple album "Spinning The Truth Around" will be released in three installments, the first of which was released October 14, 2022.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October was formed by lead singer/songwriter/guitarist Justin Furstenfeld, his brother Jeremy and multi-instrumentalist Ryan Delahoussaye. The band was discovered by former Kid Rock manager Michael Rand performing at the Pappadeaux Cafe in Houston in 1998. His agency proceeded to book over 350 dates on the group unsigned. Extensive publicity and artist development was regimented. This work eventually led to Michael bringing the band to Universal Music Group CEO Doug Morris under the direction of longtime A & R Recording rep Reen Nalli. The group moved to San Marcos, Texas in December 1996.


title: Blue October

text: Managed by Justin and Jeremy's parents under the name RoDan Entertainment, Blue October released their first album, "The Answers" in 1998. It was a well-received debut which sold over 5,000 copies in Houston alone. Due to a fan-based connection with ABC's KTRK-TV (Channel 13), Blue October was able to schedule an early-morning news performance – the band's first live television performance. Other unreleased songs from this period (which can now be found on YouTube) include: "Rust", "Colorado 5591", "His Name Is Crazy", "Gun Metal Blue", "Dollar 30 Gravy" and "5 Day Walk".


title: Blue October

text: Blue October caught the attention of the major record labels while working with producer dB (Don Byczynski) in early 1998. Pre-production started for getting Blue October a more "radio ready" sound, with new songs and to rewrite material off "The Answers". Tracking was done in a studio setup at Justin's home in San Marcos.


title: Blue October

text: After recordings were sent to Universal Records, Blue October signed to the label in 1999 for the release of their second album, "Consent to Treatment". The band was dropped by Universal Records in 2000.


title: Blue October

text: Then the band recruited a new guitarist, C.B. Hudson, and got back on the road. In November 2002, the band signed with Texas-based management company Rainmaker Artists. Rainmaker immediately signed the band to their record label Brando Records. Just before entering the studio Matt Noveskey left the band for personal reasons. The remaining band members persevered, entering the studio to record what would become their third album, "History for Sale". The first single from "History For Sale" was "Calling You", released in February 2003. On March 20, 2003, radio station "102.1 the EDGE" in Dallas added "Calling You" to regular rotation, and it began to spread to radio stations across the country receiving over 56,585 spins on the US airwaves. Rainmaker took the band to New York, where the band played multiple live showcases over a week in early May 2003 for Atlantic Records, Columbia Records and Universal Records.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October was then offered records deals by each company. Ultimately the band returned to Universal Republic Records in May 2003. "History for Sale" was then re-released on Universal Republic in August 2003. "History for Sale" was largely a response to the control Universal had placed on the group during the "Consent to Treatment" production process. This is evident in songs such as "Somebody" and "Inner Glow".


title: Blue October

text: "Calling You" remained the group's largest mainstream success until their 2006 single "Hate Me". The band made their network television premiere on April 14, 2006, performing "Hate Me", the first single from "Foiled", on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno". They appeared on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" on June 28, 2006. Blue October was also on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" in 2006. On November 14, 2006 Blue October opened for the Rolling Stones in Boise, Idaho. "Hate Me" was released to Modern Rock radio stations and quickly climbed to number two on "Billboard"s Modern Rock Tracks chart. "Hate Me" remained in the top five of the Modern Rock chart for 20 straight weeks. While in the number two chart position "Hate Me" was jumped over twice by both Pearl Jam and the Red Hot Chili Peppers. "Hate Me" would never reach number one. The music video for "Hate Me" debuted on VH1, later making a splash at No. 13 on VH1's user-controlled video countdown show "VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown". It eventually peaked at No. 2 for the week ending on May 5, 2006. "Into the Ocean", the second single from the album, was released on July 17, 2006. The music video for the song debuted at number three on VH1's "The 20" during the show's final week of 2006, and reached the number one spot in mid-February 2007. "Into the Ocean" hit number 20 on the Modern Rock Tracks. The next single from the band was "She's My Ride Home", which they performed on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" on April 25, 2007.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October's fourth album, "Foiled", was certified platinum on February 22, 2007. "Foiled" went on to sell 1.4 million albums in the US. Both "Hate Me" and "Into the Ocean" were also certified as platinum selling singles. This was heralded as a special moment for the band, Rainmaker, Brando and key executives at Universal Republic who had signed, dropped and then resigned the band.


title: Blue October

text: As a result of reaching a new audience that Blue October has found with "Foiled", Blue October underwent an expansion of its tour locations. Originally restricted to Texas, and parts of the Midwest and Southwest United States, Blue October began touring locations covering the entire continental United States. In addition, locations in Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Mexico, England, France, Ireland, Scotland, Germany and the Netherlands were added to their schedule.


title: Blue October

text: In August 2008, Justin was featured in a sold out four-city tour with Stephenie Meyer, author of the "Twilight" series. During this tour, Justin premiered two new songs, "Blue Skies" and "My Never", which would be included on the band's fifth studio album. "Twilight" author Stephenie Meyer is a fan of Blue October, and their music has helped inspire part of the popular book series.


title: Blue October

text: The band's fifth studio album, "Approaching Normal", was released on March 24, 2009. It was distributed via its predecessors, Universal. Rather than Justin Furstenfeld producing the album, "Approaching Normal" was produced by Steve Lillywhite (of U2, Peter Gabriel and Dave Matthews Band). The album debuted at No. 13 on the "Billboard" 200 chart. The band released two versions of the album, each with a different bonus track: an "explicit" version, with "The End" as the bonus track, and a "clean" version, with "Graceful Dancing" as the bonus track. "Graceful Dancing" was also released in late 2008 as a "special gift" to fans signed under the band's email list.


title: Blue October

text: "Dirt Room" was the first single from the album, released on December 23, 2008. "Dirt Room" became Blue October's second Top 5 Modern Rock single (fourth Top 40 Modern Rock hit) peaking at number 7 on April 8, 2009. "Say It" was released as the second single on April 24, 2009. "Say It" was Blue October's fifth Top 40 Modern Rock hit peaking at number 29 on July 24, 2009. "Say it" also crossed over to the Hot AC radio format giving the band its fourth Top 40 Hot AC hit peaking at number 28 on October 13, 2009. The song was first performed at Edgefest 17 on April 27, 2008, in Dallas, Texas.


title: Blue October

text: In May 2009, Blue October's show in Pittsburgh was cancelled by the fire marshal and the Pittsburgh Police Department, due to overcrowding and unsafe conditions. Not wanting to disappoint fans, the band set up their gear on the corner outside the venue and played a mini-set to the delight of fans.


title: Blue October

text: On October 22, 2009, Blue October announced that the rest of the tour had been canceled due to Justin Furstenfield suffering a severe mental anxiety attack. He returned to perform at Stubb's Outdoor Amphitheater in Texas a month or two after his attack. The tour was rescheduled in 2010.


title: Blue October

text: In July 2010, Blue October played a series of acoustic concerts that were recorded for a live unplugged album, entitled "", released on May 10, 2011. In February 2011, the band announced on their website that they would embark on an acoustic tour between March and May 2011.


title: Blue October

text: On June 1, 2010, the band announced they were beginning pre-production on their next studio album to be produced by Tim Palmer. In late 2010 and early 2011, they headed back to the studio to finish recording the album and debuted it on August 16, 2011. The title of the new album is "Any Man in America".


title: Blue October

text: During the week of February 14–18, lead singer Furstenfeld did a stint as a guest DJ on Austin's KROX-FM radio station. Furstenfeld previewed four new tracks on the air, presumably on the new album, titled "The Chills", "The Waiting, "The Getting Over It Part" and "The Flight (Lincoln to Minneapolis)". On April 3, 2011, Furstenfeld announced the album would be distributed by RED Music, a Sony Music imprint for independent artists. Their former label, Universal Motown Records, offered them a 360 deal (which the band rejected). The band opted to become independent instead, and formed their own label called Up/Down Records. On May 4, 2011, Blue October played the first full song of the new album live, called "The Feel Again". On May 6, 2011, Blue October played a second song in St. Louis, Missouri from their upcoming album "The Follow Through". Furstenfeld performed a duet with Patricia Lynn from the band The Soldier Thread for the song.


title: Blue October

text: The official music video for the first single, "The Chills", was released via the band's Vevo channel on July 25, 2011. "Any Man in America" was released in the US on August 16, 2011. The album debuted at number 8 on the "Billboard" Album Sales Chart on August 25, 2011. This was their first Top 10 album sales chart debut. On September 24, 2011, "The Chills" (the first single from "Any Man in America") peaked at number 26 on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Chart, giving Blue October their sixth Top 40 Modern Rock radio hit.


title: Blue October

text: In October 2012, Justin Furstenfeld had nearly completed writing the songs for Blue October's seventh album, "Sway". He entered the studio with the band and producer David Castell (who also co-produced "Foiled" and produced "History For Sale") at the beginning of 2013. The official release date was August 20, 2013. The band released the first single from the album in February 2013. One song, "Light You Up", made its live debut on October 7, 2012 in Millvale, Pennsylvania. On Tuesday, December 18, the band released a new single called "The Scar", which is a Blue October rendition of a 5591 song.


title: Blue October

text: Drummer Jeremy Furstenfeld announced on Twitter that the band started rehearsals for the new album on January 14, 2013. They ended rehearsals on January 30 and were prepared to enter the studio to start recording the album. On February 5, 2013, the band entered the studio to start recording the new album. Justin Furstenfeld divulged in an interview that the studio had been rented out to them for all of February and March. On his official Twitter account, Justin listed the songs being recorded for the new album, which include "Light You Up", "Still Broken", "Sway" (the title track) and "Sorry Hearts". The song "Still Broken" was originally released by The Last Wish on their 1995 album, "The First of February", but ultimately did not make it onto the album. The song "Sorry Hearts" was released on an accompanying EP, "Debris".


title: Blue October

text: The band finished recording the new album on March 27, 2013. The first single, "Bleed Out", was released on June 17, 2013. Several songs were considered for the first single including "Bleed Out", "Angels in Everything", "Things We Do at Night", and "Light You Up". The album received positive critical acclaim, with Music Eyz citing "it's easy to see that our favourite tormented soul is on the mend and still creating some of the most powerful and emotional music out there." On August 10, 2013 they released a second single, "Angels in Everything", for international markets. The video for the song "Fear" was published on November 2, 2014 to the band's YouTube Vevo channel.


title: Blue October

text: On February 13, 2015, the band announced that they were starting work on their eighth studio album via their official Twitter feed. The band entered the recording studio in August 2015 and finished recording the album in early November. The band recorded eleven songs for the new album, making this their shortest album to date. An acoustic version of one of the songs, entitled "Home", was played live in Las Vegas on September 19. The album, also titled "Home", was released April 22, 2016. The title track and first single "Home" made its radio premiere December 16, 2015. The official video for "Home" was premiered on "Billboard" on April 13, 2016. Tim Palmer, who worked on the albums "Any Man in America" and "Sway", co-produced and mixed the album. The song "Home" reached the top 30 of the US Adult Pop Songs chart.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October released a new single called "I Hope You're Happy" on February 28, 2018. The band released its ninth studio album, also called "I Hope You're Happy", on August 17, 2018.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October started 2020 with the release of a new single called "Oh My My" on February 28—exactly two years after the release of "I Hope You're Happy". The single is taken from the upcoming album "This Is What I Live For". Justin Furstenfeld performed other songs off the album, such as "The Weatherman", "Fight For Love", and "Only Lost is Found", acoustically at his solo Open Book shows or for radio promotional appearances. Recorded in the winter of 2019–2020, the album was released on October 23, 2020.


title: Blue October

text: The Blue October documentary, "Get Back Up", was released worldwide on May 21, 2020. The band had planned to tour starting in March 2020, but the tour was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After playing a series of smaller outdoor acoustic shows in Texas in the summer of 2021, the "This is What I Live For" Tour began in earnest in September 2021. In late September, Justin Furstenfeld and Matt Noveskey tested positive for Covid-19 and shows were cancelled for a week. After testing negative, the tour resumed on October 21. In March 2022, Blue October played shows in the UK, then returned to North America for a coast-to-coast summer amphitheater tour with the Goo Goo Dolls.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October's eleventh studio album "Spinning the Truth Around" will be a triple album with first part being released October 14, 2022, and the second piece scheduled for release in March 2023. In July 2022, Blue October released the single "Spinning the Truth Around" via Up/Down Records.


title: Blue October

text: Blue October was started by Justin Furstenfeld and Ryan Delahoussaye, who met in high school. Prior to forming the full band, the duo played together under the name Harvest with Justin singing and playing guitar and Ryan playing mandolin and violin and singing backup. Ryan was working at a restaurant in Houston at the time, and invited restaurant patron Elizabeth "Liz" Rapstein Phillips (née Mulally) to join on bass after striking up a conversation upon noticing she had a drum tuning key on her key chain. Justin's older brother Jeremy was watching the group practice at Liz's house one day. Liz had a drum kit and Justin persuaded Jeremy to join in on drums, even though he had never played before. The band played their first show soon after Jeremy joined. Jeremy lived in San Marcos, and the other members (except Liz) moved to join him there in 1996. Liz was replaced by Matt Noveskey in late 1998. The band wanted to add a second guitar player to allow Justin to focus more on singing during shows, and auditioned guitarists in 1999. Brant Coulter was chosen as lead guitarist; however, he left the band in late 2000 when Blue October was dropped from Universal Records. Jeremy and Justin's cousin Cole Bradshaw filled in on lead guitar while the band searched for a permanent guitarist. C.B. Hudson joined on lead guitar in late 2000 after a chance meeting with Justin at a restaurant in San Marcos.


title: Blue October

text: At the end of the Consent to Treatment Tour in 2002, Matt Noveskey left the band due to health reasons and was replaced by Dwayne Casey. Dwayne and Matt both played on the band's next album, "History for Sale", and Dwayne toured with the band in 2003. In August 2003 Dwayne was replaced by Piper Skih Swinford (née Dagnino), who is married to one of Blue October's co-managers and is also an established professional bassist. Piper toured with the band through 2004 and appeared on the live album/DVD "Argue With a Tree..." During preparations for recording the band's next album, "Foiled", Matt Novesky was called back in as the official bassist, thereby returning the band to their most recognizable lineup. This lineup recorded and toured the next two Blue October albums. At the end of the "Approaching Normal" tour, C.B. Hudson announced he was leaving the band to focus on raising a family and pursuing his dream of owning a recording studio. C.B. was replaced by former Canvas guitarist Julian Mandrake, who had previously been a touring guitarist for Blue October in 2006, covering Justin's guitar parts while Justin was recovering from a knee injury. Julian played with Blue October on their "Ugly Side" acoustic tour and also on the "Any Man in America" Tour.


title: Blue October

text: During the recording sessions for "Sway" in early 2013, C.B. Hudson was asked to come back and play on the album and to play shows over mid-2013, once again returning Blue October to their previous lineup. C.B. recorded with Blue October for their 2016 album "Home" and appeared in publicity photos with the band, but he had to take leave from the band due to a collarbone injury sustained during a dirt bike accident and Matthew Ostrander filled in on lead guitar in 2016 for the "Home" tour. On April 13, 2016 it was confirmed that C.B. would not be returning. On January 24, 2018 Matthew Ostrander posted a video on Instagram announcing he had informed the band ten days prior that he was stepping down. In February 2018, Will Knaak was announced as the new lead guitarist. On August 24, 2022 Justin Furstenfeld posted on instagram announcing Will Knaak is departing Blue October to be the lead guitarist in Parker McCollum's band. Initially, Will planned to leave after the Summer 2022 tour opening for the Goo Goo Dolls, however on October 5, 2022 the band announced that Knaak would continue to tour with Blue October through the end of 2022, at which point he will permanently depart. Knaak's replacement, Sus Vasquez, began recording in the studio with Blue October in October 2022, but won't join the band on stage until early 2023.


The 2016 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania took place on November 8, 2016, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in numerous other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on April 26. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Pat Toomey was reelected to a second term in a close race, defeating Democratic nominee Katie McGinty and Libertarian Party nominee Edward Clifford. With a margin of 1.43%, this election was the second-closest race of the 2016 Senate election cycle, behind only the election in New Hampshire.


title: 2016 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

text: As of 2022, this remains the most recent time that a Republican has been elected to the U.S. Senate from Pennsylvania.


text: Five-term Senator Arlen Specter, a longtime moderate Republican, switched to the Democratic Party in April 2009, and ran for reelection in 2010 as a Democrat. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by U.S. Representative and former U.S. Navy three-star admiral Joe Sestak. After a close race, Sestak lost the general election to former U.S. Representative Pat Toomey by 51% to 49%, a margin of 80,229 votes out of almost 4 million cast. Toomey had previously run for the seat in 2004, narrowly losing to Specter in the Republican Primary. Specter later died in 2012.


text: After the Republicans took control of the Senate following the 2014 Senate elections, the election in Pennsylvania was seen by many as a top target for the Democrats, who hoped to regain their majority. Katie McGinty, who won the Democratic primary, was one of 160 candidates endorsed by Barack Obama. McGinty got her start in politics after winning the Congressional Fellowship of the American Chemical Society, leading to a position with then Senator Al Gore. In 1993 she was appointed deputy assistant and then chair of the White House Council of Environmental Quality under Bill Clinton. She then went on to be appointed head of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection by Governor Ed Rendell in 2003. McGinty faced 2010 nominee Sestask and Mayor of Braddock, future Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania and holder of this Senate seat John Fetterman in the primary.


text: A debate hosted by Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College in association with the 14th Ward Independent Democratic Club featuring John Fetterman, Katie McGinty, and Joe Sestak occurred on January 31 at Rangos Hall in Jared L. Cohon University Center, Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh.


text: A debate hosted by Keystone Progress featuring John Fetterman, Katie McGinty, and Joe Sestak occurred on February 19 at the Hilton Harrisburg, in the Harrisburg Ballroom, in Harrisburg.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: Carlotta Mercedes Agnes McCambridge (March 16, 1916 – March 2, 2004) was an American actress of radio, stage, film, and television. Orson Welles called her "the world's greatest living radio actress." She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her screen debut in "All the King's Men" (1949) and was nominated in the same category for "Giant" (1956). She also provided the voice of the demon Pazuzu in "The Exorcist" (1973).


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge was born in Joliet, Illinois, the daughter of Irish-American Catholic parents Marie (née Mahaffry) and John Patrick McCambridge, a farmer. She graduated from Mundelein College in Chicago.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge began her career as a radio actor during the 1930s while also performing on Broadway. In 1941, she played Judy's friend in "A Date with Judy". She had the title role in "Defense Attorney", a crime drama broadcast on ABC in 1951–52. Her other work on radio included:


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: She frequently performed feature roles on the "CBS Radio Mystery Theater", and was an original cast member on "Guiding Light" (before the Bauers took over as the central characters). She also starred in her own show, "Defense Attorney" on ABC 1951–52, as Martha Ellis Bryan.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: From June 22, 1953, to March 5, 1954, McCambridge starred in the soap opera "Family Skeleton" on CBS.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge played Katherine Wells in "Wire Service", a drama series that aired on ABC during 1956–57, produced by Desilu Productions.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: The series starred McCambridge, George Brent, and Dane Clark as reporters for the fictional Trans Globe Wire Service.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In the season one episode of the original "Lost in Space" series "The Space Croppers", first aired on CBS on March 30, 1966, McCambridge played Sybilla, the matriarch of a family of supernatural space farmers.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In an episode of "Bewitched" entitled "Darrin Gone! and Forgotten," which first aired on ABC on 17 October 1968, McCambridge played a powerful witch named Carlotta, a frenemy of Endora. (Note that Carlotta was McCambridge's actual first name.) Endora and Carlotta had made a pact "at the turn of the century" that their first-born children would one day marry. When, according to the terms pact, certain celestial phenomena signaled it was time for the marriage, Carlotta (McCambridge) disappeared Darrin and pushed for Samantha to marry her coddled son Juke (played by veteran character actor Steve Franken).


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge's film career took off when she was cast as Sadie Burke opposite Broderick Crawford in "All the King's Men" (1949). McCambridge won the 1949 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the role, while the film won Best Picture for that year. McCambridge also won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Supporting Actress and New Star of the Year – Actress for her performance.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In 1954, she co-starred with Joan Crawford and Sterling Hayden in the offbeat western drama, "Johnny Guitar," now regarded as a cult classic. McCambridge and Hayden publicly declared their dislike of Crawford, with McCambridge labeling her "a mean, tipsy, powerful, rotten-egg lady."


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge played the supporting role of Luz in the George Stevens classic "Giant" (1956), which starred Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, and James Dean. She was nominated for another Academy Award as Best Supporting Actress but lost to Dorothy Malone in "Written on the Wind". In 1959, McCambridge appeared opposite Katharine Hepburn, Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor in the Joseph L. Mankiewicz film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' "Suddenly, Last Summer".


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge provided the dubbed voice of Pazuzu, the demon possessing the young girl Regan (played by Linda Blair) in "The Exorcist". To sound as disturbing as possible, McCambridge insisted on swallowing raw eggs, chain smoking and drinking whiskey to make her voice harsh and her performance aggressive. Director William Friedkin also arranged for her to be bound to a chair during recordings, so that the demon seemed to be struggling against its restraints. Friedkin claimed that she initially requested no credit for the film—fearing it would take away from the attention of Blair's performance—but later complained about her absence of credit during the film's premiere. Her dispute with Friedkin and the Warner Bros. over her exclusion ended when, with the help of the Screen Actors Guild, she was properly credited for her vocal work in the film.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In the 1970s, she toured in a road company production of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" as Big Mama, opposite John Carradine as Big Daddy.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge appeared as a guest artist in college productions. In May 1977, she helped dedicate the theater building of El Centro College by starring in a production of "The Madwoman of Chaillot". Director Eddie Thomas had known her for many years and she conducted an actors' workshop for the college students during the week prior to the opening night. She returned in 1979 for El Centre's production of "The Mousetrap", in which she received top billing despite her character being murdered (by actor Jim Beaver) fewer than 15 minutes into the play. She also starred with longtime character actor Lyle Talbot (of ABC's "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet") in the 1970 production of "Come Back, Little Sheba" in the University of North Alabama Summer Theatre Productions.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In the mid-1970s, McCambridge briefly took a position as director of Livengrin, a Pennsylvania rehabilitation center for alcoholics. She was at the same time putting the finishing touches on her soon-to-be released autobiography, "The Quality of Mercy: An Autobiography" (Times Books, 1981), .


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge married her first husband, William Fifield, in 1939. They had a son, John Lawrence Fifield, born in December, 1941. The couple divorced in 1946 after seven years of marriage.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In 1950 McCambridge married Canadian Fletcher Markle, an actor/producer/director who directed her in productions on "Ford Theater" and "Studio One". Her son, John, later took Markle's name, thereafter being known as John Markle. During the marriage and afterward, McCambridge battled alcoholism, often being hospitalized after episodes of heavy drinking. She and Markle divorced in 1962, after twelve years of marriage. In 1969, after years with Alcoholics Anonymous, she achieved sobriety.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: From 1975 to 1982, McCambridge devoted her time to the nonprofit Livengrin Foundation of Bensalem, Pennsylvania. She first served as a volunteer member of the Board of Directors, then as president and CEO, responsible for the day-to-day operations of the treatment center, which at the time was a 76-bed residential program for both male and female alcoholics. Livengrin still operates today, and has 129 beds and 8 outpatient clinics throughout southeastern Pennsylvania, treating both alcoholism and drug addiction. McCambridge, through her celebrity and larger-than-life personality, helped bring public recognition to, and acceptance of the disease of addiction, as well as the benefits of seeking treatment for the disease. She freely shared her own story of addiction and recovery as a means of reaching others in need of help.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: McCambridge died on March 2, 2004, two weeks before her 88th birthday in La Jolla in San Diego, California, of natural causes.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: In 1979, McCambridge's son John Markle, a UCLA graduate with a Ph.D. in Economics, joined the Little Rock, Arkansas investment firm Stephens Inc. after working for Salomon Brothers in New York City. Markle was a successful futures trader, and quickly rose through the company's ranks. McCambridge gave Markle $604,000 to manage for her, but in the fall of 1987, the company discovered that Markle had opened a secret account in McCambridge's name. Soon the company found that Markle had been charging trading losses to the Stephens house account, while crediting profitable trades to McCambridge's account. Markle was later shown to have forged his mother's signature in opening the account.


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: Markle was placed on medical leave, then fired from his position at Stephens. McCambridge refused to cooperate with Markle and the company in instituting a repayment scheme that would have kept the matter from becoming public, saying that she had done nothing wrong and that Stephens Inc. owed her money. Shortly thereafter, in November 1987, Markle killed his family—his wife Christine (age 45) and daughters Amy (age 13) and Suzanne (age 9)—and then himself. He left a note taking responsibility for his crimes and a long, bitter letter to his mother. The letter contained the following: "Initially you said, 'well, we can work it out' but NO, you refused… You called me a liar, a cheat, a criminal, a bum. You said I have ruined your life… You were never around much when I needed you, so now I and my whole family are dead—so you can have the money… 'Night, Mother."


title: Mercedes McCambridge

text: For her contributions to television and the motion picture industry, Mercedes McCambridge has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for motion pictures at 1722 Vine Street, and one for television at 6243 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: "A picture is worth a thousand words" is an adage in multiple languages meaning that complex and sometimes multiple ideas can be conveyed by a single still image, which conveys its meaning or essence more effectively than a mere verbal description.


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: In March 1911, the Syracuse Advertising Men's Club held a banquet to discuss journalism and publicity. This was reported in two articles. In an article in The Post-Standard covering this event, the author quoted Arthur Brisbane (not Tess Flanders as previously reported here and elsewhere) as saying: "Use a picture. It's worth a thousand words." In an article in the Printers' Ink, the same quote is attributed to Brisbane


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: A similar phrase, "One Look Is Worth A Thousand Words", appears in a 1913 newspaper advertisement for the Piqua Auto Supply House of Piqua, Ohio.


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: Early use of the exact phrase appears in a 1918 newspaper advertisement for the "San Antonio Light", which says:


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: The modern use of the phrase is generally attributed to Fred R. Barnard. Barnard wrote this phrase in the advertising trade journal "Printers' Ink", promoting the use of images in advertisements that appeared on the sides of streetcars. The December 8, 1921, issue carries an ad entitled, "One Look is Worth A Thousand Words." Another ad by Barnard appears in the March 10, 1927, issue with the phrase "One Picture Worth Ten Thousand Words", where it is labeled a Chinese proverb. The 1949 "Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims, and Familiar Phrases" quotes Barnard as saying he called it "a Chinese proverb, so that people would take it seriously." Nonetheless, the proverb soon after became popularly attributed to Confucius. The actual Chinese expression "Hearing something a hundred times isn't better than seeing it once" (,  "bǎi wén bù rú yī jiàn") is sometimes introduced as an equivalent, as Watts's "One showing is worth a hundred sayings". This was published as early as 1966 discussing persuasion and selling in a book on engineering design.


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: Despite this modern origin of the popular phrase, the sentiment has been expressed by earlier writers. For example, Leonardo da Vinci wrote that a poet would be "overcome by sleep and hunger before [being able to] describe with words what a painter is able to [depict] in an instant." The Russian writer Ivan Turgenev wrote in 1861, "The drawing shows me at one glance what might be spread over ten pages in a book." The quote is sometimes attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte, who said "A good sketch is better than a long speech" (). This is sometimes translated today as "A picture is worth a thousand words."


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: Computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra once remarked, "A picture may be worth a thousand words, a formula is worth a thousand pictures."


title: A picture is worth a thousand words

text: The phrase has been spoofed by computer scientist John McCarthy, to make the opposite point: "As the Chinese say, 1001 words is worth more than a picture."


title: Massimo Dutti

text: Massimo Dutti () is a Spanish luxury clothing company specializing in cashmere and wool products, established in 1985 and owned by Spanish multinational company Inditex.


title: Massimo Dutti

text: Despite the Italian name, "Massimo Dutti" is not a fashion designer. The company employs over 10,000 people internationally. When founded in 1985, its product range was limited to menswear. Its women's range was added in 1995. In 2003, the company launched a children's line under the trade name Massimo Dutti Boys and Girls. As a higher-end brand within Inditex, it is more associated with the masstige market.


title: Massimo Dutti

text: In 1991 Inditex acquired 65% of the shares of the company before acquiring it fully in 1995. The company has diversified its supply and offers clothes for women and children, as well as perfumes.


title: Massimo Dutti

text: The offices of Massimo Dutti are located in Tordera (Barcelona), unlike Inditex which is located in Arteixo (A Coruña).


title: Massimo Dutti

text: The launch of six new fragrances happened at the end of October 2018— three fragrances for men and three for women. While the existing Massimo Dutti fragrance line was distributed in a network of multi-brand retailers such as Douglas, El Corte Ingles and Amazon.com, the new collection is sold exclusively by Massimo Dutti in 400 Massimo Dutti stores and online in a total of 32 markets.


title: Massimo Dutti

text: In line with its social commitment, Massimo Dutti has, since 2001, worked with mental health and disability charities specialising in social rehabilitation and professional work placement programmes for individuals with severe mental disorders or physical disabilities.


title: Massimo Dutti

text: Massimo Dutti was the first Inditex brand to be part of the for&from programme and now has three stores in Spain managed by and providing long-term employment for people with disabilities: Allariz (Ourense), Llagostera (Barcelona) and Igualada (Barcelona).


title: Mobius M. Mobius

text: Mobius Mobius Mobius is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Various versions of Mobius from different points in time (and clones of him) make up the bureaucratic leadership and middle management of the timekeeping organization the Time Variance Authority, including Mr. Tesseract, Mr. Orobourous, and Mr. Paradox.


title: Mobius M. Mobius

text: Mobius appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe / Disney+ series "Loki" (2021), portrayed by Owen Wilson.


title: Mobius M. Mobius

text: Mobius M. Mobius first appeared in "Fantastic Four" #353, cover date June 1991. Cloned managers for the Time Variance Authority that resemble Mark Gruenwald — and, later, Tom DeFalco — both longtime Marvel Comics writers. The most frequent recurring manager is Mobius M. Mobius, a Gruenwald clone.


title: Mobius M. Mobius

text: Mobius M. Mobius is a bureaucrat and middle management for the Time Variance Authority, who attempted to discipline the Fantastic Four for violations of the TVA's laws.


title: Mobius M. Mobius

text: Mr. Tesseract in Junior Management is a past version of and subordinate to Mobius; he was assigned to reconstruct the lost data from Earth-616. Justice Might, Justice Truth, and Justice Liberty are three officers who aided Mobius in recapturing the Fantastic Four while they were running loose inside the Null-Time Zone.


title: Mobius M. Mobius

text: Owen Wilson portrays Mobius M. Mobius in the Disney+ / Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) series "Loki". Like his comics counterpart, this version is a member of the Time Variance Authority (TVA). Series star Tom Hiddleston helped Wilson prepare for the role by explaining and showing him moments from the MCU, which Wilson felt was useful for when Mobius is interviewing Loki. Mobius' look in the series is meant to resemble Marvel Comics editor Mark Gruenwald, who was Marvel's "top continuity expert". Additionally, each member of the TVA was meant to be a clone of Gruenwald in the comics.


The 2022 United States Senate election in Oklahoma was held on November 8, 2022, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Oklahoma. Incumbent Republican Senator James Lankford won re-election to a second full term, defeating cybersecurity professional Madison Horn (no relation to former U.S. Representative Kendra Horn, who ran for the Class II seat) with 64.3% of the vote.


title: 2022 United States Senate election in Oklahoma

text: Lankford was first elected in 2014 special election with 68% of the vote, succeeding retiring Republican Tom Coburn. Lankford won re-election to a first full term in 2016 with 68% of the vote.


text: The primary elections for the Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian parties' nominations took place on June 28, 2022, with runoffs taking place on August 23, 2022. All candidates had to file between the days of April 13–15, 2022.


text: On March 16, 2021, Jackson Lahmeyer announced his campaign for the Republican nomination for United States Senate seat held by James Lankford. While Lankford had not formally announced, he was expected to run for reelection. On April 6, Lankford officially announced he would seek reelection in an interview with the "Tulsa World". "The Oklahoman" reported that Joan Farr announced her candidacy for the Oklahoma and Kansas U.S. Senate seats sometime in August. On September 28, state senator Nathan Dahm announced his campaign for Lankford's seat. In November the "Tulsa World" reported that Jessica Jean Garrison, the daughter of former state senator Earl Garrison, would also campaign in the contested Republican primary. On February 28, 2022, Nathan Dahm announced he had switched his campaign to the special election in the Class 2 seat. Jessica Jean Garrison also switched her campaign to the special election when filing. Lankford won the June primary with 67% of the vote.


text: James Lankford and Jackson Lahmeyer courted the endorsement of Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States, but Trump did not endorse a candidate prior to the primary.


text: On June 29, 2021, Lankford's campaign published its supposed endorsement by state representative Kevin McDugle. McDugle later went on social media claiming to have never made the endorsement; Lankford's campaign subsequently removed his name from their endorsement list.


text: The Oil & Gas Workers Association of Oklahoma offered to host a debate for the Republican primary. Invitations were extended to candidates Jackson Lahmeyer and James Lankford, but Lankford refused the invitation.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: Memphis Belle is a 1990 British-American war drama film directed by Michael Caton-Jones and written by Monte Merrick. The film stars Matthew Modine, Eric Stoltz, and Harry Connick Jr. (in his film debut). "Memphis Belle" is a fictional version of the 1944 documentary "" by director William Wyler, about the 25th and last mission of an American Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber, the "Memphis Belle", based in England during World War II. The 1990 version was co-produced by David Puttnam and Wyler's daughter Catherine and dedicated to her father. The film closes with a dedication to all airmen, friend or foe, who fought in the skies above Europe during World War II.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: The "Memphis Belle", a B-17 Flying Fortress, and her crew are set to complete 25 missions, a prerequisite for the crew to complete their tour of duty. Along with the rest of the squadron, "Belle" is given the task of attacking a Focke Wulf 190 aircraft manufacturing plant in Bremen, Germany. Though initially escorted by P-51 Mustangs, the short-range fighters have to eventually withdraw, leaving the vulnerable bombers to fend for themselves to the target and back. The success of "Belle" carries a lot of significance in that she would be the first in the Eighth Air Force to complete her tour. Army publicist Lieutenant Colonel Bruce Derringer intends on using "Belle's" fame accrued from her record to sell vital war bonds.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: Over Germany, "Belle" takes over as lead ship when the formation begins to take losses from flak and enemy planes. A smoke screen initially obscures the target, though on the second pass the formation successfully drops their payload on the now visible area. Returning home, the formation is continuously harassed by German planes. Radioman SSgt. Danny Daly is severely wounded, and damage causes a fire in one of the engines which Captain Dearborn is forced to extinguish by diving the plane, risking the aircraft in the process.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: Further battle damage destroys the plane's electric systems that power the landing gear, though the crew successfully deploy the gear manually just prior to landing. Back on friendly soil, Lt. Colonel Derringer and the ground crew run to the plane to celebrate its victory, with Captain Dearborn opening a stowed bottle of Champagne aboard the aircraft with his crew. The closing credits state that the "Memphis Belle" flew her 25th and final mission on May 17, 1943, and that over a quarter of a million aircraft saw action over Western Europe during World War Two, with 200,000 airmen losing their lives and the film being dedicated in theirs and every serviceman's honour.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: Five real B-17 warbirds were used in the filming of "Memphis Belle", out of eight B-17s that were airworthy during the late 1980s. Two were located in the United States ( and ), two were in France (, which was destroyed in a takeoff accident<ref name="AAIB 11/89">"Boeing B17G Flying Fortress, F-BEEA 11-89 ." "Air Accident Investigation Branch". Retrieved: 27 October 2014.)</ref> and "The Pink Lady"), and one was in England ( "Sally B"). The original Memphis Belle was a B-17F model, so any B-17Gs used in the film were heavily modified to look like an earlier F model, having chin turrets removed, tail gun positions retrofitted with older designs and being painted olive drab green. During filming, two B-17s portrayed the Belle (one was the movie version of the "Memphis Belle" (N3703G) and the other was "Sally B" for scenes requiring pyrotechnics such as smoke and sparks indicating machine gun "hits") while the rest had nose art and squadron markings changed numerous times to make it appear there were more aircraft.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: Ground sequences for the movie (including takeoff and landing scenes) were filmed at the non-operational RAF Binbrook in Lincolnshire, England with a period control tower and vehicles being placed on site. Flying sequences were flown from the airfield site of the Imperial War Museum Duxford. All the extras for the film were obtained from auditions held in the area and included current and former members of the Royal Air Force. The filmmakers also used Pinewood Studios to shoot interior scenes and to shoot various models of B-17s.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: A North American B-25 Mitchell was used to film the majority of the aerial scenes with several fixed and trainable cameras also mounted on the available B-17s and fighter aircraft for action shots. A Grumman TBM Avenger (with its tail section painted the same olive drab tones used on the B-17s) was used as back-up for a short time when the B-25 became unserviceable during filming.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: The film pilots were warbird display pilots coming from the UK, USA, France, Germany, New Zealand and Norway, the roster changing several times as pilots had to return to their full-time jobs during filming. The flying sequences were devised and planned under the coordination of Old Flying Machine Company (OFMC) pilots Ray Hanna and his son Mark, who also acted as chief pilots for the fighter aircraft used and flew the camera-equipped fighter and TBM Avenger aircraft during filming.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: Due to a shortage of actual B-17 airframes, wooden silhouette mock-ups were made and placed at distant parts of the airfield.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: A French B-17G (F-BEEA), used as a filming platform, hit a tree and a pile of gravel after losing engine power and swinging during takeoff from Binbrook and was destroyed by the subsequent fire. All 10 of the crew escaped with only minor injuries, the most serious of which being a broken leg. While lined up on runway 21 awaiting takeoff, a puff of smoke was observed by a ground engineer from the vicinity of engine three which he conjectured could have been due to an over-boost. The aircraft commenced its ground roll and after about swung slightly to the left, which the commander (the handling pilot) corrected with the rudder and by reducing power to number 3 and 4 engines. Once corrected full power on all engines was resumed but the aircraft swung right. The commander applied corrective rudder and reduced power to number 1 and 2 engines, but this was not immediately effective and the aircraft left the runway before straightening, parallel to the runway. Knowing that the aircraft was capable of being operated from grass landing strips, the pilot opted to continue the takeoff; however, after and at an airspeed of the aircraft swung right and its course was obstructed by a tree which was hit by the left wing and a pile of gravel which was hit by the number 4 propeller. The aircraft yawed to the right and came to rest in a cornfield; the fuselage broke into two sections aft of the bomb bay and caught fire.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: With the exception of the aircraft names, this film is fiction based only very loosely on fact. The characters are composites, the names are not those of the real crew of the "Memphis Belle" and the incidents shown are supposed to be representative of B-17 missions in general. The characters and situations of the film bear little resemblance to the crew of the actual "Memphis Belle," the nature of her final mission, the accuracy of strategic bombing, or Allied policy on the bombing of civilians. No optimistic official celebration on the evening before the "Belle's" 25th mission occurred, and there was no special welcome for the crew when the mission was over.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: For the fighters, seven P-51 Mustangs were used. Five of the P-51s were painted in the markings of the first USAAF Merlin-engined Mustang squadron to operate in Britain (a few months later in 1943 than the actual mission). As there were no surviving flyable Messerschmitt Bf 109s, Luftwaffe fighter aircraft were represented by Ha-1112s, a Spanish version of the Bf 109 (which were also used to represent Bf 109s in the 1969 film "Battle of Britain") in mid-war generic paint schemes.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: "The Chestnut Tree", performed by Glenn Miller And His Orchestra and written by Tommie Connor, Jimmy Kennedy and Hamilton Kennedy is featured in the film playing over the Memphis Belle's radio, but isn't on the soundtrack album. The version of "Danny Boy" performed by Connick at the party is not found on the soundtrack album; a slower version performed by Mark Williamson appears instead. The film score, by George Fenton, was nominated for a BAFTA award for Best Original Film Score in 1991.


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, CTS Studios, and Angel Recording Studios in London, England. Included is Glenn Miller and His Orchestra performing "I Know Why (And So Do You)".


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: "Memphis Belle" received mixed reviews, with Roger Ebert stating the film was "entertaining" yet filled with familiar wartime cliches. "This human element in the experience of the "Memphis Belle" crew somehow compensates for a lack of human dimension in the characters. We can't really tell the crew members apart and don't much care to, but we can identify with them." UK film reviewer Andy Webb had similar reservations. "Despite its good intentions to highlight the risks and heroics of the brave men who flew dangerous bombing missions deep into enemy soil during World War II, the one thing which you can't miss about "Memphis Belle" is that it is a cliche commercial production."


title: Memphis Belle (film)

text: The film opened in the UK on 266 screens and grossed £1,174,250 in its opening week, ranking number one at the box office. It was number one in its second week too. It went on to gross £4,924,000 in the UK.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Dhaka Metro Rail (), colloquially known as the Dhaka Metro () is an approved mass rapid transit system under construction in Dhaka, the capital and the busiest city of Bangladesh. Together with a separate light rapid transit (LRT) system, it has been long called for to ease the extreme traffic jams and congestion that occur throughout the entire city daily, one of the heaviest in the world. It is a part of the 20-year long Strategic Transport Plan (STP) outlined by the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA), a governmental agency. As of 2023, the metro rail system consists of one line referred to as the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) Line-6, with other metro rail lines set to be added in the future.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: In an effort to implement Dhaka's 20-year long Strategic Transport Plan (STP), the Bangladeshi government invited the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to conduct a primary survey and feasibility study on the transport system of Dhaka in 2009–2010. In 2012, the Government's Executive Committee of National Economic Council (ECNEC) approved the project. A loan agreement between the Bangladeshi government and JICA was signed in January 2013.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd. (DMTC), the agency responsible for the implementation of the first metro line (MRT Line-6) was formed in January 2013. The General Consultant (GC), namely the NKDM Association, commenced work beginning in February 2014. In June 2013, Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTC) was established by the Government to implement the Metro Rail Lines across the city.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: The deal for construction of the MRT Line-6, costing US$2.8 billion, was signed by the Government of Bangladesh with the Japan International Cooperation Agency on 20 February 2013. Construction began on 26 June 2016 with an inauguration ceremony presided over by the reigning prime minister Sheikh Hasina. The civil work has been done by the Italian-Thai Development Public Company Ltd. and China's Sinohydro Corporation Ltd. JV and a Tokyo-based construction company developed the depot's land.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Its launch was delayed several times. In 2010, it was expected that this rail project's first phase could be completed as early as 2013. It was not completed by 2013. During 2014-2018, it was expected this rail project will be completed in 2019. But, unfortunately, the project got delayed again. In 2018, it was expected that the second phase would be complete by December 2020.Then, MRT Line-6 first phase completion was delayed to December 2021. Again, first phase was delayed to December 2022. MRT Line-6 second phase was delayed to December 2023. The major reason for the delay from 2020 to 2022 was the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Originally, the project cost was Tk 21,985 crore but it was later increased by Tk 11,487 to Tk 33,472 crore. The first route, originally projected to start from Uttara, a northern suburb of Dhaka, to Sayedabad, in the south of the capital, was eventually extended north to Uttara and truncated south to Motijheel. The original length which was has been increased by 1.16 to . It was planned to have 16 stations originally but it has been increased to 17 stations.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: It was said to be underground metro rail project. But, later it was confirmed that it was an elevated and underground metro rail project. In 2014, it was said to have 56 trains running through the metro system. But, it has been confirmed that the number of vehicles that will run through MRT Line-6 will be 24. It was planned to have six lines.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: MRT Line-6's train made its first run on 29 August 2021. It traveled from Diabari Depot to Mirpur 12. It successfully made its second run on 29 November 2021. It traveled from Uttara to Mirpur 10. The line's train made its longest trail run on 12 December 2021. It traveled from Uttara to Agargaon. The train ran for . It ran at 100km/h for and ran at for the rest.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Line-6 consists of 16 elevated stations each of 180m long and of electricity-powered light rail tracks. All of Line-6, save for the depot, and some of its accompanying LRT, will be elevated above current roads primarily above road medians to allow traffic flow underneath, with stations also elevated.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Dhaka Metro is projected to serve more than 60,000 passengers per hour by 2022, with wait times of approximately 4 minutes. The entire route will be able to be travelled in less than 40 minutes at a speed of , and is expected to drastically reduce the number of private cars on Dhaka's streets as well as their potentially 7-hour-long standstills. The system plans to use magnetic contactless Integrated Circuit Ticketing, commonly known as smart cards. Platform screen door (PSD) barriers used at the platform level will increase safety and increase efficiency.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Trains of six spacious air-conditioned cars will arrive every four minutes going each way at each of the 16 stations.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: The project is being managed by the Communications Ministry's Dhaka Transport Co-ordination Authority, and a consortium of foreign as well as Bangladeshi firms known as NKDM Association is acting as General Consultant (GC). NKDM Association consists of: Nippon Koei Japan and Development Design Consultants (local consultant - Bangladesh).


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Construction of long underground line, MRT Line-1 (Airport Route) is set to begin in December 2022, costing US$6.1 billion after many delays. Its deadline is set in 2028. It will start from Shahjalal International Airport and stop at Kamalapur Railway Station. The line will have 12 underground stations. Stations will be constructed at Shahjalal International Airport, Shahjalal International Airport Teminal 3, Khilkhet, Jamuna Future Park, Notun Bazar, Uttar Badda, Badda, Hatirjheel East, Rampura, Malibagh, Rajarbagh and Kamalapur Railway Station. MRT Line-1 will have interchange of MRT Line-6, MRT Line-2 and MRT Line-4 at Kamalapur Railway Station. There will be interchange of MRT Line-5 Northern Route and Purbachal route of MRT Line-1 in the Nutun Bazar. Hatirjheel East of MRT Line-1 and Aftab Nagar West Station of MRT Line-5: Southern Route will have Interchange. Above all, the airport will have an interchange of MRT Line-1 with BRT Line-3. The government will provide US$1.5 billion while the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica) will fund US$4.6 billion.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: MRT Line-1 (Purbachal Route) will be long and it will have stations at Notun Bazar, Jamuna Future Park, Bashundhara, Police Officers’ Housing Society, Mastul, Purbachal West, Purbachal Centre, Purbachal Sector-7 and Purbachal depot. Of these stations, Notun Bazar and Jamuna Future Park would be underground as a part of the airport route.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: MRT-2 will connect Gabtoli with Chittagong Road via Bosila, Zigatola, Science Lab, Azimpur, Shaheed Minar, Golap Shah Mazar, Motijheel, Mugda and Demra.This line will have a length of 24 km


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: MRT Line-4 will connect Kamalapur Railway Station with Narayanganj with underground lines. Length of this line will be . According to a survey conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), MRT Line-4 will run parallel to an existing line which will be converted to dual gauge railway line by order of Bangladesh Railway Authority. MRT Line-4 may not be financially viable.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Construction of MRT Line-5 (Northern Route) will begin from June 2023. MRT Line-5 (Northern Route) will start from Hemayetpur of Savar Upazila and end at Bhatara, costing US$4.85 billion. It expected to be long in total. Northern route will be underground and elevated. It will have 14 stations of them 9 stations will be underground. Those underground stations will be constructed at Gabtoli, Darus Salam, Mirpur 1, Mirpur 10, Mirpur 14, Kachukhet, Banani, Gulshan-2 and Notun Bazar. 5 stations will be elevated. 5 elevated stations will be constructed at Hemayetpur, Baliarpur, Bilamalia, Amin Bazar and Bhatara. MRT Line-5 (Northern Route) will have depot at Hemayetpur of Savar Upazila.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: MRT Line-5 (Southern Route) which is about long is expected to commence within 2027. It stretches from Gabtoli to Dasherkandi. Stations for this route are: Gabtoli, Technical Circle, Kallyanpur, Shyamoli, College Gate, Asad Gate, Russell Square, West Panthapath, Karwan Bazar, Hatirjheel, Tejgaon, Niketon, Aftabnagar West, Aftabnagar Center, Aftabnagar East and end at Dasherkandi with the station and depot. Interchanges to other lines are possible at Gabtoli to MRT 5 (Northern Route).


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Line-6 consists of 17 elevated stations each of 180m long and of electricity-powered light rail tracks. All of Line-6, save for the depot, and some of its accompanying LRT, elevated above current roads primarily above road medians to allow traffic flow underneath, with stations also elevated.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: First phase which starts from Uttara and ends at Agargaon will have nine stations. First phase length will be about long. As of 2022, It is expected that first phase will be open for public on Victory day(December 16) 2022. As of February 2022, progress of the first phase is about 90.08 percent.


title: Dhaka Metro Rail

text: Second phase will begin from Agargaon and end at Kamalapur. It will be long. It will have eight stations. As of 2022, it is expected it will be opened for commercial in December 2023. Second phase's physical progress stands at 73.08 percent.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George is the largest city in northern British Columbia, Canada, with a population of 74,004 in the metropolitan area. It is often called the province's "northern capital" or sometimes the "spruce capital" because it is the hub city for Northern BC. It is situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako rivers, and at the crossroads of Highway 16 and Highway 97.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The origins of Prince George can be traced to the North West Company fur trading post of Fort George, which was established in 1807 by Simon Fraser and named in honour of King George III. The post was centred in the centuries-old homeland of the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation, whose very name means "people of the confluence of the two rivers." The Lheidli T'enneh name began to see official use around the 1990s and the band is otherwise historically referred to as Fort George Indian Band.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Throughout the 19th century, HBC Fort George trading post remained unchanged, and Fort St. James reigned as the main trading post and capital of the New Caledonia area. Even during the Cariboo Gold Rush, Fort George was isolated although Quesnel prospered as the Cariboo Road was built to its doorstep, making it the main staging area for the miners going to the goldfields at Barkerville. Then, when the Collins Overland Telegraph Trail was built in 1865–67, it bypassed Fort George trading post, following the Blackwater Trail from Quesnel and continuing northwest towards Hazelton. In the late 1800s many Lheidli T'enneh lived in a village built next to the HBC trading post due to the ease of preparing furs and trading directly, without great distances to travel.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In 1903, the area's fortune began to change when reports said that the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (later part of Canadian National Railway) would pass near the fur trading post. In 1906, agricultural settlement began around the HBC post and then in 1909, development of two townsites began as two rival land speculation companies built the communities of South Fort George and Fort George (sometimes referred to as Central Fort George). South Fort George was built on the Fraser River near to and just south of the Hudson's Bay Company's trading post. The GTP meanwhile was trying to acquire land for its own townsite which delayed the constructions of what would become Prince George for several years.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Fort George townsite was built to the northwest on the Nechako River. The name had been registered by the district lot original purchasers with some concerns due to its similarity to the HBC trading post's name. George Hammond, the CEO of the Natural Resources Security Company, bought nine district lots and promoted his community of Fort George in exaggerated and questionable advertisements all over Canada and Britain, describing Fort George in glowing terms as being the future hub of British Columbia, the "Chicago of the north", and having mild winters and being suitable for any agricultural endeavour. Hammond claimed the existence of buildings and facilities in advertising when none existed at the time. Lots sold in 1912 for $400, rising to $500-$1,000 by 1913.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Ten paddle steamer sternwheelers serviced the area, coming up on the Fraser River from Soda Creek docking at both South Fort George and Fort George Townsite.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: South Fort George developed close to the near defunct HBC post, along the Fraser River after being purchased in 1909 by the Northern Development Company, with lots going on sale in 1910. BC Express Company paddle wheelers landed in South Fort George and the area grew with speculation about the railway coming to the area. South Fort George would remain its own community until 1976 when it incorporated into the City of Prince George.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Properties were sold in both of the townsites with railway speculation driving up prices. By 1913, South Fort George and Fort George each had a population of around 1,500 and were booming as thousands of rail construction workers came to town for supplies and entertainment. Both communities believed that the Grand Trunk Pacific station would be built in their town, and both were disappointed when the railway purchased the of land in between them from the Lhiedli T'enneh instead, even though Charles Vance Millar, then the owner of the BC Express Company, was well into negotiations to purchase that property himself. The railway compensated Millar by giving him of the property and, by 1914, when the railway was completed and the first train arrived, there were four major communities in the area: South Fort George, Fort George Townsite, the Millar Addition and the railway's townsite, Prince George, where the station was built. Hammond also developed his lots further, including additions such as Central Fort George. Although George Hammond fought a series of bitter legal battles for a railway station in Fort George. The Railway argued against a station in Fort George as it was their investment and risk, thus they would build a station in a townsite of their own (Prince George). Plans for the townsite for Prince George were created by Brett and Hall of Boston, and the land cleared in May 1913.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Fort George, South Fort George, and Prince George pursued the right to incorporate with initial proposals including all three townsites. The GTP shows no interest in including Fort George, and South Fort George left the negotiations. The GTP lands now knows as the City of Prince George were incorporated on March 6, 1915, following the borders of the 1,366 acres they had initially acquired. At this time, many owners of Prince George businesses, particularly ones on George Street, lived in South Fort George. As the Prince George townsite developed and grew, many buildings were moved from the older townsites to the new business areas of Prince George, often being rolled into the city.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In 1908, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway identified the Reserve No.1 land as an ideal area for a railway and station site, and attempted to claim all the 1366 acres as needed for railway purposes, and thus circumvent negotiations with the Department of Indian Affairs. This was rejected. The Department of Indian Affairs wished to protect the Lheidli T'enneh's interests but also supported railway development. By 1910 the DIA agent in the area was concerned about the influence of white settlers on the Lheidli T'enneh, including the supply of liquor to the village and that "civilization has overtaken them too rapidly" DIA Indian Agent John McDougall however saw that the Lheidli T'enneh had come to see the value of the land and employed that in negotiations.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Between 1908 and 1911 several offers for the acquisition of the Reserve No.1 lands were made by the GTP and others such as Charles Millar (of BC Express) who wanted to develop the land. The Department of Indian Affairs in conjunction with railroad representatives made several offers for the land. In 1910 Chief Louis described the attachment to the land and village to McDougall, who reported that "Land, Cash, and farm equipment" would be needed to overcome resistance, and the band was considered to be averse to a sale. McDougall met with Chief Louis again in December 1910 offering $68,300 ($50/acre) but Chief Louis told McDougall that "they could not in their present mind surrender this reserve". A vote was held at a meeting two days later with members of the Band over age 21. The vote approved the surrender of the reserve land 12–11, but Chief Louis asked to talk with his people and the Band did not consider the vote final. The Band appointed Oblate Missionary E.C Bellot as an emissary to Ottawa with a larger cash demand of $1000 per acre, which was refused by DIA representatives. Upon return to Fort George, a new vote by the Band unanimously turned down the sale. During this time, the business developers of Fort George Townsite opposed the sale of the reserve lands as it would lead to its rival building a competing town while South Fort George, which was built close to the old HBC Post and the village, welcomed the railway and its townsite.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In 1911, federal Indian agent W.J. MacAllan took on the negotiations with assistance from Nicolas Coccola, a reverend. Coccola had interests in the well-being of the Lheidli T'enneh but was also negotiating on behalf of the railway company which might connect to his mission on Stuart Lake. Father Coccola had wanted to relocated the Lheidli T'enneh to a safer area where they would be away from settlers and could be schooled in agriculture and in religion. Coccola suggested to the band that "if it tolerated intoxicating liquor and moral disorders, he would be the first to insist to have them removed". Coccola made several statements that he would convince or persuade the Band to relocate if they refused offers, and even involved himself in pricing amounts that could be offers to the Lheidli T'enneh. With several offers and refusals, the Lheidli T'enneh saw a split in support for a land sale. Chief Louis favored the surrender of the land, but Joseph Quah, an influential leader in the Band, wanted a higher price.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: On 18 November 1911, The Fort George Indian Band eventually agreed to sell the Reserve No.1 lands for $125,000 (one quarter to be paid immediately) which included $25,000 for construction on reserve No.2 and No.3 and the preservation of the original village cemetery. The band committed to relocate by June 1912. The vote for this agreement saw 32 in favor and one against, and three abstentions. The timeline was difficult to keep as new buildings had to be constructed. Delays in contracts being awarded by the government to build a new village meant that few could move by the deadline and Band members planted crops needed later in the year. The June 1912 payment was withheld as the DIA saw the planting as refusal to leave. Chief Louis argued that the agreement stated that the payment was to be made in June and was not contingent on relocation. Winter was also coming and the crops would be needed if the new village was not built or supplies given to the Band.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The new village was completed in 1913 with Band members moving there in September. The old village was destroyed "to force the Indians away" and ensure that it was not reoccupied. The Fort George Herald reported the destruction of the old village as "the torch of the white man will be thrust into the remaining houses and the village will disappear quietly in a cloud of smoke". Indian Agent W. J. MacAllan's accounts of the situation reveal a need on his part and the part of the GTP to strong arm the bandmembers out, targeting two cabins in the village that were empty as the residents were away hinting "I knew that to set fire to the cabins would cause a flare up of intense excitement and give me the break I needed, for a crisis had to be created before the deadlock could be broken".


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The site of Reserve No.2 (Shelley) was much further away from the new Prince George townsite and other communities. The land was not particularly fertile for agriculture and the Band suffered economically. The site of the old village and the HBC post would become Fort George Park (renamed Lheidli T'enneh Memorial Park in 2015). The Cemetery would become Reserve No.1A.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Businessmen in Fort George petitioned the provincial government to block the new name but they were unsuccessful. In May 1915, residents voted by plebiscite to name the new city as "Prince George" with a vote of 153–13.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: With the onset of World War I in 1914, the local economy was devastated as many local men enlisted and the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway was halted, creating a massive drop in population. Many men enlisted in Prince George from the surrounding communities and were primarily sent to Vernon, BC for training before being shipped overseas. 17 names of soldiers who died in World War I are inscribed on the cenotaph, although many more enlisted. Population decline continued with the ensuing Spanish flu epidemic of 1918. The epidemic took at least fifty lives in the area, including First Nation's leaders


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George persevered through the 1920s and the Great Depression of the 1930s and did not experience any significant growth until World War II when an army camp was built at the foot of Cranbrook Hill, bringing new life to the struggling businesses and service industries. The Great Depression saw massive decline in lumber production in the region, falling from 105 million board feet in 1929 to only 15 million board feet by 1932 and a significant increase in unemployment. Unemployed men were often housed in one of several relief camps east of Prince George, where the men works on construction projects or remained idle, but away from the city of Prince George. Between 1930 and 1935, Prince George and the work camps were home to labor protests and sit ins organized by a local branch of the Communist sympathizing National Unemployed Workers Association, who sought basic needs for the unemployed.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In the 1920s air transport began with sea planes and landing on Central Avenue. In the 1930s Prince George saw air transport increase and became a hub for air mail to Takla Landing, Fort Saint James, and Manson Landing, later including stops in Edmonton, Whitehorse, and Fort Nelson and an airport was developed by Carney Hill (The Golf Course today). In 1939, Prince George was selected as a spot for an aerodrome, and construction began on what is now YXS Prince George Airport.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Army Camp Prince George was opened during WWII and once housed 6,000 soldiers. From March 1942 to October 1943, divisional troops and units of the 16th Infantry Brigade (8th Canadian Infantry Division) were housed there. The camp was located in the area of 1st Street, Central Street, 15th Avenue, to the bottom of Cranbrook Hill. Barracks were built to house the soldiers, dining halls constructed to feed them, and wet canteens for their leisure and entertainment. There were rifle ranges, mortar ranges and artillery ranges. The camp closed at the end of the war. Most of the buildings were either demolished or moved to new locations, although some remain in their original locations, such as the former transportation building on 15th Avenue, that was used by the British Columbia Forestry Service from the late 1940s to 1963. It is now owned by the City of Prince George for use by the Community Arts Council. The Nechako Bottle Depot on First Avenue is also another former camp building. Others include the first Overwaitea store, at Victoria and Third, formerly a barracks and the original civic centre, which was the old drill shed, was removed and rebuilt on Seventh Avenue. Population during the war saw 2,027 in 1941 rising to 3,800 in Prince George by 1945.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: After the war, as the ravaged European cities rebuilt, the demand for lumber skyrocketed and Prince George, with its abundance of sawmills and spruce trees, prospered. Finally, in 1952, after 40 years of construction, the Pacific Great Eastern was completed and joined with the CN line at Prince George, and with the completion of Highways 16 and 97, Prince George finally fulfilled George Hammond's long ago promise of being the hub of British Columbia.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Canadian Forces Station Baldy Hughes (ADC ID: C-20) was constructed in 1952 as a General Surveillance Radar station. It was located south-southwest of Prince George, and was closed in 1988. It was operated as part of the Pinetree Line network controlled by the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). Today the former station is The Baldy Hughes Addiction Treatment Centre. The original radar system has been removed and the location now operates a weather station and Nav Canada system.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: On June 25, 1956, at just after 7 p.m., a Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter plane built in 1943 (serial number 8300, bearing Canadian registration CF-HSC) flown by Frank Samuel Pynn, out of the Prince George Airport, was observed flying in an unsafe manner, it went into a half roll, seemed to fall over on its back and nosed into a deep ravine in the cut-banks on the north side of town approximately one kilometre from the city centre. Pilot Frank Pynn, a former Royal Air Force Transport Command pilot, and his passenger, 15-year-old Jimmy Clarke, died on impact. Alcohol consumption was believed to be a factor in the crash and the Coroner's inquest found that Pynn died "through his own neglect and complete disregard for the Aeronautical Regulations of Canada." The wreckage is still there; however, most pieces are less than in length.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In 1964 the first pulp mill, Prince George Pulp and Paper was built, followed by two more in 1966, Northwood Pulp and Intercontinental Pulp. New schools and more housing were needed and the new subdivisions of Spruceland, Lakewood, Perry and Highglen were built. Then, in 1975, Prince George amalgamated and extended its borders to include the Hart area to the north, Pineview to the south and the old town of South Fort George to the east. In 1981, Prince George was the second largest city in British Columbia with a population of 67,559, narrowly edging Victoria out of the honour, whose population was then 64,379.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Low-lying areas adjacent to the confluence of the rivers, which can freeze, mean that those areas suffer recurring flooding. In late 2007 an ice jam formed on the Nechako River and soon grew to a length of more than , causing widespread flooding in the city. Faster runoff due to devastation of nearby lodgepole pine forests by the mountain pine beetle was identified as a contributing factor. A state of emergency was declared on December 11. On January 14, 2008, with the ice jam still present, the Provincial Emergency Program approved an unprecedented plan to melt the ice by piping water from a pulp mill steam plant to the jam area where it would be mixed with well water and poured into the river at a temperature of . In the interim an amphibious excavator was used for 10 days to move some of the ice. Costing C$400,000 to build and C$3,000 per day to run, the "Warm Water System" was completed on January 29, by which time the ice jam had grown to long.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: As a result of long-term lobbying from local groups (championed by local advocate Sheldon Clare, and members of 396 Air Cadet Squadron, 2618 Army Cadet Corps, 158 Sea Cadet Corps, 142 Navy League Corps, Branch 43 Royal Canadian Legion, and the Peacekeepers Association) in February 2011, Canadian Armed Forces 39 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters announced that a detachment of the Rocky Mountain Rangers Army Reserve unit was to be formed in Prince George. In 2014, the Rocky Mountain Rangers increased recruiting efforts in the community to reach platoon and then company size.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George is located in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George near the transition between the northern and southern portions of the Rocky Mountain Trench. Prince George proper contains several areas: South Fort George, the Hart, the residential and light industrial neighbourhoods north of the Nechako River; College Heights, the southern part of the city which contains a mix of residential and commercial areas, and the Bowl, the valley that includes most of the city and the downtown. There are also a number of outlying localities that are also part of Prince George, such as Carlson. The cutbanks of the Nechako River are one of Prince George's many interesting geological features.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Local wild edible fruit include bunchberries, rose hips, blueberries, cranberries, chokecherries, strawberries, raspberries, saskatoons, currants, gooseberries, and soapberries (from which "Indian ice cream" is made). Morel mushrooms are also native to this area.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The area has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfb"), but is very close to (and once had) a subarctic climate ("Dfc") as May and September averages are both close to the threshold. Winters are milder than the latitude and elevation might suggest: the January average is , and there are an average of 38 days from December to February where the high reaches or surpasses freezing. Winter months in which Pacific air masses dominate may thaw on a majority of days, as in January 2006 when the mean daily maximum temperature was . On the other hand, Arctic air masses can settle over the city for weeks at a time; in rare cases, such as January 1950, the temperature stays well below freezing over a whole calendar month. Summer days are warm, with a July high of , but lows are often cool, with monthly lows averaging below . The transition between winter and summer, however, is short. There is some precipitation year-round, but February to April is the driest period. At the airport snow averages each year and is heaviest in December and January, usually, but not always, falling between October and May.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The highest temperature ever recorded in Prince George was on 28 and 29 June 2021. The lowest temperature ever recorded was on 2 January 1950 at Prince George Airport.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George's drinking water is taken from the Nechako and Fraser Rivers via ten wells. The raw water is disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. The local government treats sewage in a treatment facility in the Lansdowne area, on the west side of the Fraser River, or one of three other smaller treatment facilities on the east side. In the 2014 municipal election, the people of Prince George voted in favour of removing fluoride from their drinking water in a non-binding referendum. Prince George's new mayor and city council, at their first meeting, decided to follow the wishes of its voters. Fluoridation of the city's water supply ended in December 2014.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The Prince George airshed has many local sources of various air pollutants including several major industrial sources (pulp mills, sawmills and an oil refinery), vehicle emissions, locomotives, uncovered coal cars, unpaved and paved road surfaces, vegetative burning and residential and commercial heating. Because a large part of the city and its local sources of air pollution are contained within a valley, there are often meteorological conditions that trap pollutants and result in episodes of poor air quality and unhealthy levels of air pollution exposure in some areas.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: More people die in Prince George every year due to diseases associated with air pollutants than any other community in the province, according to data gathered by two BC physicians. Although, "Copes said it was difficult to definitively say certain deaths are caused by pollution because it's not a factor that is easily recognizable."


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Prince George had a population of 76,708 living in 31,793 of its 33,643 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 74,003. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: In 2001, 23% of households were one-person households, below the 27% average provincewide, and 31% married couples with children, above the 26% average. Prince George had a smaller proportion of married couples than the province, 47% compared to 51%, but very similar persons per households. Only 14% of residents between 20 and 64 years of age completed university, almost half the provincial average, and 22% did not complete high school, similar to the 19% provincial average.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: As of the 2001 census, with 90% of Prince George residents being Canadian-born, and 87% with an English-only mother tongue, the city has few visible minorities. However, 10% identified themselves as Aboriginal, much higher than the 4% provincewide.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: For three consecutive years, from 2010 to 2012, "Maclean's" named Prince George the most dangerous city in Canada, with its crime rate being 114% above the national average. In 2011, the magazine cited gangs, drug-related crimes, and nine homicides as the reason for its high crime rate, although the magazine did state that the city's crime rate is declining each year. In 2016, Prince George was named #4 on the list of the most dangerous cities for violent crime in Canada.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The economy of Prince George in the first decade of the 21st century has come to be dominated by service industries. The Northern Health Authority, centred in Prince George, has a $450 million annual budget and invested more than $100 million in infrastructure. Part of these investments was the 2012 opening of the BC Cancer Agency's Centre for the North, which includes for radiation therapy facilities and associated buildings for modern cancer care.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Education is another key dominant part of this city. With the University of Northern British Columbia, the College of New Caledonia and School District #57, education adds more than $780 million into the local economy annually.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Forestry dominated the local economy throughout the 20th century, including plywood manufacture, numerous sawmills and three pulp&pellet mills as major employers and customers. The spruce beetle epidemic of the late 1980s and 1990s resulted in a short term boom in the forest industry as companies rushed to cut dead standing trees before the trees lost value. Sawmill closures (and the creation of 'supermills') occurred around 2005, and the largest pellet mill closed in 2022 due to dwindling supply and lack of a sea port.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Mining exploration and development may become the future of Prince George. Initiatives Prince George estimates that the Nechako Basin contains over of oil.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Other industry includes two chemical plants, an oil refinery, brewery, dairy, machine shops, aluminum boat building, log home construction, value added forestry product and specialty equipment manufacturing. Prince George is also a staging centre for mining and prospecting, and a major regional transportation, trade and government hub. Several major retailers are expanding into the Prince George market, a trend expected to persist. In recent years, several market research call centres have opened in Prince George.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Heritage, College Heights, Hart Highlands and St. Lawrence Heights are prime residential areas, both commercial and residential development are growing at an accelerated rate and more subdivisions are planned for St. Lawrence Heights, West Cranbrook Hill and East Austin Road.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George's education system encompasses 40 anglophone elementary schools, eight secondary schools, and eight private schools. The anglophone public schools are all part of School District 57 Prince George. It is also home to a public francophone elementary and secondary school, both of which are part of School District 93 Conseil scolaire francophone, a province-wide francophone school district. Post-secondary education choices include the regional College of New Caledonia (CNC), which offers two-year university-transfer courses, plus vocational and professional programs. Several BC universities, British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) and the Open Learning Agency have integrated their local programs with CNC. Prince George is also home to Guardian Aerospace Flight School.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), established in 1990, is the second-newest university in Canada. A total of 55 undergraduate programs, 15 masters programs and two PhD programs are now offered at UNBC, as well as the new Northern Medical Program, a joint program with the University of British Columbia intended to alleviate the shortage of physicians in the north. A degree-granting institution with regional teaching centres in nine BC communities and a sponsor for several research institutes, UNBC has recently completed the construction of the I.K. Barber Enhanced Forestry Laboratory. UNBC's hilltop campus overlooks the City of Prince George and has views of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the east. In 2015 and 2016 UNBC earned the top small university in Canada ranking by "Maclean's." UNBC has consistently been positioned in the top three for the last ten years. The university was first entered into the McLean's rankings in 2005 as the best small university in Western Canada.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The College of New Caledonia (CNC) is a post-secondary educational institution that serves the residents of central British Columbia. It was established in Prince George in 1969, and has since expanded across northern British Columbia, with campuses in Quesnel, Mackenzie, Burns Lake, Valemount, Fort St. James, Fraser Lake and Vanderhoof. CNC enrolls about 5,000 students each year in approximately 90 distinct programs in business and management, community and continuing education, health sciences, adult basic education / upgrading, trades and industry, social services, and technologies. About 75 of these programs are available at CNC Prince George. CNC offers university classes leading to degrees and professional programs in more than 50 subjects, with excellent transferability to universities in BC, Alberta, and elsewhere. All university classes are available at CNC Prince George, and many are available at other campuses.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George's teams include the Prince George Cougars of the Western Hockey League (WHL), the Prince George Spruce Kings of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL), Youth Bowling Club (YBC) bowling teams (Nechako Bowling, 5th Avenue, and also a ten pin team), and Prince George Curling (Prince George Golf and Curling Club). Recently, the Duchess Park Secondary School Senior boys basketball team won the provincial AA title for the first time in 26 years.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The February 1978 Northern B.C. Winter Games hosted by Prince George and organized by John Furlong were highly attended by 5,600 participants from age 8 to 90 in 38 events.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George has been home to several National Hockey League players, including Murray Baron, Blair Betts, Tyler Bouck, Chris Mason, Ronald Petrovický, Justin Pogge, Dan Hamhuis, Sheldon Souray, Derek Boogaard, Dustin Byfuglien, Devin Setoguchi, Turner Stevenson and Darcy Rota. Eric Brewer and Zdeno Chára were also teammates on the Cougars in 1995 and 1996.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George Citizen Field opened in the spring of 2006. The baseball facility has established itself as one of the most unusual diamonds in British Columbia.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Recreation facilities include 116 playgrounds and parks, baseball, soccer and lacrosse fields, eight golf courses, plus tennis courts, ice rinks and roller rinks, a new modern Aquatic Centre as well as an older swimming pool and the CN Centre, which is a 5,995-seat multi-purpose arena. For hikers there is an riverfront system of urban hiking trails called the Heritage Trails. Four provincial parks in the region provide downhill, cross-country and heliskiing.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: North of Prince George is the Huble Homestead and Giscome Portage. The Otway Nordic Centre, operated by the Caledonia Nordic Ski Club, is home to one of the largest Nordic ski clubs in the province, and boasts more than of groomed trails – of which are lit trails for evening skiing, a biathlon range, and a day lodge.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club offers weekly hikes in the city and surrounding countryside from May to October, as well as snowshoeing in the winter months, while the Prince George Section of the Alpine Club of Canada offers year-round hiking, scrambling, climbing, skiing and ice-climbing trips in the nearby Cariboo and Rocky Mountains and local crags. The Prince George Backcountry Recreation Society is an umbrella organization representing these and several other Prince George outdoor clubs.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: For race fans, the Prince George Auto Racing Association (PGARA) offers a variety of racing events at the PGARA Speedway including the locally famous hit-to-pass races.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The Prince George Rod and Gun Club maintains two range sites. Hartman Rd Range offers Trap/Skeet, rifle, silhouette, and handgun ranges, while the Blackwater Range offers multiple action bays and a 1500 m rifle range.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George offers a Pride Centre for all LGBTQ and ally members in Prince George and the greater north. Located at the University of Northern British Columbia, the PC, an organization under the Northern Pride Centre Society, offers a safe space, resources, and support.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Moviegoers can choose between the Famous Players, now Cineplex Entertainment, six-plex or the Park Drive-in Theatre, which also offers mini-golf facilities and a go-kart track. Cinema CNC hosts two arts cinema series each year in the fall and winter, as well as a festival of Canadian films each February.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: The off-road motorcycle community is a very large and old presence in Prince George, with multiple motocross tracks like the Blackwater motocross park and the BCR site and many networks of motorcycle trails. It is one of the largest recreational features for the city of Prince George.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Prince George Amusement Company opened the 550-seat-capacity Princess Theatre on the corner of Third Ave and Vancouver Street in 1914, which appears distinct from its namesake on Central Ave. The company's Rex Theatre opened on George Street that December. The Dreamland Theatre, which relocated to George Street from South Fort George in January 1915, staged some vaudeville, and charity concerts, and accommodated political, religious, and sundry meetings. Movie screenings were irregular prior to a 1918 reopening. Initially, while the Rex primarily screened movies, the Princess was largely vacant when not a venue for opera, charity concerts, and political and sundry meetings. The 1919 relaunch as a movie venue was short lived. The Rex also held wrestling, charity concerts, and political, religious, and sundry meetings.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Levi Graham (1879–1947), who took over the Rex Theatre in 1921, had gained industry experience since 1907. He also operated poolrooms. Further enterprises were movie screenings at select interior towns, refurbishing and managing the Royal Hotel, and operating club establishments.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Al Gardner and Jim Bord briefly managed the Dreamland Theatre in 1922. Acquired by Graham, the Princess Theatre reopened for movies in 1923. That year, Capitol Entertainments of Canada purchased the Dreamland Theatre, and renamed it the Capitol, with Adams remaining as resident manager.


title: Prince George, British Columbia

text: Graham and two partners, operating as Prince George Theatres, acquired the Capitol two years later. Facing insufficient demand, it continued mainly as a venue for live performances and public meetings.