title: The Wombats

text: The band started 2008 as the opening act at the opening ceremony of Liverpool's European Capital of Culture celebrations at Liverpool Arena. The single "Moving to New York" was re-released on 14 January 2008 and reached No. 13 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their highest charting release to date. At the 2008 NME Awards, the band was awarded "Best Dancefloor Filler" for their single "Let's Dance to Joy Division".


title: The Wombats

text: In April 2008, the band put out their first U.S. release on the Bright Antenna label, "The Wombats EP". Following this release, the band went on a full UK tour as well as playing dates in Europe and Japan. The band also played for Jo Whiley on BBC Radio 1, covering the Take That song "Patience" and the "Postman Pat" theme song, which bassist Tord sang in his native Norwegian.


title: The Wombats

text: The summer of 2008 saw the band perform live at a number of major festivals including Glastonbury Festival in June and T in the Park in July, opening the BBC Radio 1 / NME Stage set on the Friday. They also played Reading and Leeds Festival on the Saturday and Friday respectively on the Radio 1/NME Stage supporting Babyshambles. In September 2008 the band were filmed for a cameo appearance on Australian soap Neighbours.


title: The Wombats

text: The band also announced via their MySpace blog that they would be releasing two singles, a seasonal 'Anti-Christmas' themed "Is This Christmas?" on 15 December 2008, followed by a track titled "My Circuitboard City" on 3 March 2009.


title: The Wombats

text: In September 2010, the band announced they were near to completing their second studio album, "This Modern Glitch" in the MRG Recording Studio in Los Angeles, California. The band worked with producers Eric Valentine and Jacknife Lee.


title: The Wombats

text: The first single to be released from the album, "Tokyo (Vampires & Wolves)" was released in the UK on 27 September 2010 and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 23; marking the band's fifth Top 40 hit and third most successful single to date. The accompanying music video was shot in Los Angeles, CA during August 2010 and was directed by The General Assembly. Following the rumoured release of "Techno Fan" as the second single from the album, the track "Jump into the Fog" was confirmed for a release on 24 January 2011. "Anti-D" was the next single, with the album following two weeks later. The album, entitled "This Modern Glitch", was released in April 2011 as a CD, digital download and also on 7" and 12" vinyl. The Wombats also played at the 2011 Southside and Hurricane music festivals in Germany.


title: The Wombats

text: The Wombats' song "Techno Fan" was previously used in European airline easyJet's television and Facebook campaigns.


title: The Wombats

text: On 11 September 2013, a mysterious hashtag message appeared on the band's Facebook page which read "#yourbodyisaweapon". A second message on 16 September stated: "Seismic activity is going on! Excited to announce that our new track 'Your Body Is a Weapon' will be out on October 2nd." The single premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 1 October as Zane Lowe's Hottest Record and was officially released the next day. Lead singer Murphy claimed that their next album would be released at some point in 2014, however this did not come to pass.


title: The Wombats

text: On 17 December 2014, the Wombats announced that their new album, "Glitterbug", would be released in April 2015 as well as revealing the official album cover. The album's second single titled 'Greek Tragedy' was premiered as Zane Lowe's Hottest Record on BBC Radio 1. A third track 'Emoticons' was published 16 February, with the third single from "Glitterbug" 'Give Me A Try' being released in March. To celebrate the album's release the Glitterbug B Sides EP was released on the same day. The album achieved similar chart success to its predecessor "This Modern Glitch", charting at number 5 in the UK and 2 in Australia. "Glitterbug" also became The Wombats' first album to chart in the US, reaching 81 on the Billboard 200.


title: The Wombats

text: To support the album the band toured extensively across the world. They also performed "Greek Tragedy" on "Late Night with Seth Meyers".


title: The Wombats

text: After being revealed as headliners of Australian festival Groovin' the Moo for 2017, Murphy announced that work was underway for a fourth Wombats album, with a release scheduled for the end of that Summer. However, the album was not released before this deadline. Instead, the band announced they would tour to celebrate the decade anniversary of their debut album.


title: The Wombats

text: On 4 September 2017, a teaser trailer was published on the band's Facebook, accompanied by an emoji of a knife and a lemon. On 30 October 2017, it was revealed via the group's Instagram that the fourth studio album would be titled "Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life". The first single off the album was "Lemon to a Knife Fight", released on 7 November 2017. The album was released on 9 February 2018.


title: The Wombats

text: Starting from 13 May 2021, the band posted a series of teasers on various social media, leading up to the announcement on 24 May 2021 of the single "Method to the Madness", which was eventually released on 26 May 2021. In the months following, the singles "If You Ever Leave, I'm Coming with You", "Ready for the High" and "Everything I Love Is Going to Die" were released as further teasers for their latest album titled "Fix Yourself, Not the World", which was published on 14 January 2022. The album enjoyed immediate success reaching the top spot in the UK Albums Chart on the week of release.


title: The Wombats

text: The Wombats will release the EP "Is This What It Feels Like to Feel Like This?" on 18 November 2022 via AWAL. The Wombats released their latest single on this EP on October 7, 2022, titled, "I Think My Mind Has Made Its Mind Up."


title: Frank Dukes

text: Adam King Feeney (born September 12, 1983), better known as Ging and by his former stage name Frank Dukes, is a Canadian musician, record producer, and songwriter. A prolific producer, he has worked with artists including Camila Cabello ("Havana"), Post Malone ("Congratulations," "Better Now," Circles") and The Weeknd ("Call Out My Name"). Following a two decade production career, he retired as Frank Dukes in 2021 to pursue his own music and art as Ging; he released his debut solo album "We're Here, My Dear" in 2022.


title: Frank Dukes

text: In his early career, Feeney established himself as a producer by working with a number of members of Wu-Tang Clan and G-Unit as well as young Toronto talent like BADBADNOTGOOD. He came to prominence in the 2010s as a composer and beatmaker whose work was utilized by prominent record producers to sample in their own productions; many of his samples have been used in songs for major artists including Drake (with Feeneys' major placement, "0 to 100"), Travis Scott, Taylor Swift, and Kanye West, with some drawing from the Kingsway Music Library, a popular sample library which he has run since 2011. Feeney has helped produce over thirty platinum singles since 2014. Among other awards and nominations, Feeneys' work has won three Grammy Awards from 32 nominations. He is considered one of Canada's top producers having been awarded Songwriter of the Year by SOCAN four times and has received similar honors from BMI, the Juno Awards, "Variety", and Jaxsta.


title: Frank Dukes

text: Adam King Feeney was born on September 12, 1983, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and was raised in the city's northern suburb of Thornhill. His first exposure to creating music was piano lessons at age five; however, he quit lessons after three years due to losing interest in it. He later taught himself to play guitar, bass and drums.


title: Frank Dukes

text: As a teenager, he spent a lot of time skateboarding and gained more interest in music, particularly New York hip hop, becoming a DJ at 15 years old. In 1999, at age 16, Feeney began collecting records from the 1960s and 1970s in an effort to understand how they were made. This habit got him into record production and he bought an MPC the following year. He graduated from St. Robert Catholic High School in Thornhill in 2001. Feeney has stated that he had no intention to make music his profession.


title: Frank Dukes

text: Feeney began producing music seriously in the early 2000s. He chose the stage name Frank Dukes as a teenager, inspired by the character of Frank Dux in the martial arts film "Bloodsport", and competed in a number of local DJ contents. His first production credit was a 2003 remix for Philadelphia rapper Hezekiah and he later had his first paid placement with a Toronto artist named General Too Smooth.


title: Frank Dukes

text: In 2005, he connected with Toronto-based music manager Mo' Jointz who found Duke placements with Toronto and New York-area hip hop artists, including Slaughterhouse's Joell Ortiz, Kool G Rap, and Choclair. Feeney was one of the first producers to work with Drake, producing the track "Money" off his debut mixtape "Room for Improvement", released in 2006. Feeney relationship with producer Boi-1da, who would become one of the in-house producers for Drake's OVO Sound label, has led to many collaborations for Drake since this time.


title: Frank Dukes

text: In 2008 and 2009, he took part in the Red Bull Big Tune producer competition; at these events, he connected with a number of artists and their A&R, most notably G-Unit, Danny Brown, and Wu-Tang Clan's Ghostface Killah. In the late 2000s, Feeney would produce a number of tracks for G-Unit rappers Lloyd Banks and 50 Cent. This included his first paid placement for a major artist, the song "Sooner or Later (Die 1 Day)" on Banks' third studio album "H.F.M. 2 (The Hunger for More 2)", for which Feeney was $5,000 paid in 2008, among other tracks released years later.


title: Frank Dukes

text: At the end of the 2000s, Feeney connected with Wu-Tang member Ghostface Killah, producing three tracks for his 2010 album "Apollo Kids". The two met after Feeney won the Red Bull Big Tune championship in 2009; Feeney had also given Ghost a beat tape the previous year. Feeney performed as his and Cappadonna's tour DJ; active as a DJ in Toronto, Feeney also played sets during their tour as well as at the 2010 CMJ Music Marathon in New York City.


title: Frank Dukes

text: This relationship led to a series of Wu-Tang-related collaborations over the following five years, including producing more than half the tracks for the RZA-produced "The Man with the Iron Fists" album in 2012. He also worked on his own unreleased album, collaborating with Danny Brown and Willie the Kid, among others. During the same period, Feeney met the Canadian hip hop/jazz group BADBADNOTGOOD at their first live show in 2011. Feeney and the group became close collaborators, even sharing a studio for many years; the band members play on many of the samples Feeney produced during the decade and, in turn, Feeney produced their first original album "III", released in 2014. Feeney' work with Ghostface and BBNG culminated in their shared 2015 record, "Sour Soul".


title: Frank Dukes

text: During the first half of the decade, Feeney began writing music that he could use and manipulate as samples in his own work, much like the traditional record sampling he took part in as a hip hop producer. Inspired in part by his experiences working in 2010/2011 with the Menahan Street Band, a contemporary funk and soul ensemble that employ vintage recording techniques (and achieve the 1960s/1970s sound and style so often sought after in hip hop samples), Feeney began recording his compositions similarly, using vintage and analog equipment. Observing the sample clearance issues and poor royalty splits he experienced while working with 50 Cent and Ghostface, Feeney had the idea of using his body of work as samples for other record producers to use, much like the traditional library music model, and began sharing his work with the likes of Vinylz, DJ Dahi, and Boi-1da; beginning in 2013, he packaged a portion of his compositions into various volumes for a collection titled Kingsway Music Library which he sells with the clearance of his samples guaranteed.


title: Frank Dukes

text: This sample production work created acclaim for Feeney in 2014 when a composition he wrote was given to Boi-1da and flipped into the Drake single "0 to 100." From this point forward, he was inspired to grow Kingsway Music Library into an established platform for original music for sampling. He continues to distribute a limited amount of his music this way and invites up-and-coming musicians to collaborate or contribute whole volumes to his platform. In 2019, he spearheaded a collaboration between Kingsway Music Library and Toronto's Regent Park School of Music. Called "Parkscapes", all tracks are performed by students of the music program, and all proceeds, including licensing and royalty payments, help fund the school's programs. As of 2021, Feeney has personally released fifteen volumes of music through Kingsway.


title: Frank Dukes

text: His compositions, including those designated for Kingsway Music, have led to him working with record producers such as Boi-1da, Metro Boomin, Vinylz, DJ Dahi, and more, landing him prominent placements for Kanye West, Mac Miller, Drake, Eminem, Jeremih, Tory Lanez and Rihanna, among others.


title: Frank Dukes

text: Feeney began growing in notability in 2013/2014 and started working more often with major artists in the studio. He met producer Louis Bell and Post Malone in 2015–2016 and worked on tracks for Post Malone's debut album "Stoney" (including "Congratulations"); Feeney also worked extensively on Post's 2019 album "Hollywood's Bleeding". In 2017, he produced a string of singles for Frank Ocean and Blonded Radio ("Chanel", "Biking", "Lens").


title: Frank Dukes

text: In 2018, three albums that Feeney executive produced were released: the debut solo album of frequent collaborator Matty from BadBadNotGood; The Weeknd's "My Dear Melancholy" EP, which included the single "Call Out My Name"; and Camila Cabello's debut album "Camila". Feeney met Cabello in November 2016, beginning what would be her debut album. Notably, he produced her wildly successful single "Havana." During this period until around 2020, he was represented by Electric Feel Management.


title: Frank Dukes

text: In total, Feeney was a credited producer or songwriter on over 300 tracks during the decade, including multiple tracks for artists Mac Miller, Amine, Drake, Lorde, and Travis Scott, among others. By the end of the decade, he was generally considered one of the top producers/songwriters; he was also named or nominated as Songwriter of the Year by multiple music industry organizations including BMI, SOCAN, the Juno Awards, and the iHeartRadio Music Awards.


title: Frank Dukes

text: Into the 2020s, Feeney continued to work with artists like Rosalía and The Weeknd in addition to producing a number of tracks for Don Toliver and Shawn Mendes. Throughout 2020, he worked with Canadian artist Mustafa (who had previously co-written a number of pop hits with Feeney) on his debut album "When Smoke Rises", released May 2021; the album was short-listed for Canada's 2021 Polaris Music Prize. His collaborations with Rosalía were released in March 2022 on her album "Motomami". In March 2022, he was named the world's fifth most successful producer by Jaxsta, which considered a number of factors in their metric for the previous twelve months. He followed Jack Antonoff, Louis Bell, Mike Dean, and Finneas.


title: Frank Dukes

text: In September 2021, he partnered with Tracklib on which he distributes hundreds of masters and stems. The following month, Feeney announced The Prince, a signature synths plug-in, created with the software company Cradle.


title: Frank Dukes

text: On November 16, 2021, Feeney released his beat tape "The Ghost of Ging". The album was released as NFTs and available to stream on SoundCloud for one week; it was later released on streaming services. Three days later, he announced his retirement as Frank Feeney on social media. He indicated that he would continue working on new music projects under the name of Ging (a variation of his middle name King). Since that time, he has released generative music and art and has been vocal about artistic innovation like the use of Web3. In 2022, he began releasing and performing his original studio music.


title: Frank Dukes

text: During his early career, Feeney worked within the East Coast hip hop and boom bap sound, with some contemporary and progressive influences. In the early 2010s, he embraced a more retro analog sound which has since evolved into his oft-imitated eclectic and effects-heavy style. "SPIN" noted that Feeney' production aesthetic is informed by 'shimmering pop nostalgia' and the 'luxurious hollows' of the New Toronto sound and inspired by disparate genres. On his writing style, Ryan Tedder observed, "Frank Feeney likes weird chord progressions. He doesn't like anything to sound clean or normal."


title: Frank Dukes

text: Feeney is known for achieving his sound through live instrumentation and analog equipment. To achieve this, he often collaborates with an informal group of Toronto-based musicians and songwriters which includes Mustafa Ahmed, Kaan Güneşberk, and the members of instrumental group BADBADNOTGOOD; Feeney and the band shared an analog recording studio in Toronto for much of the 2010s. At times, he has also written music for other artists with fellow Torontonians Daniel Caesar, River Tiber, and Charlotte Day Wilson, as well as with New York-based retro soul musicians Thomas Brenneck and Homer Steinwiess; of note, Feeney and Steinweiss formed a short-lived production duo under the name Silver & Gold and worked with a number of New York soul and funk artists in the early 2010s. Outside of this group, Feeney has frequently collaborated with producers Louis Bell, Boi-1da, Vinylz, and Metro Boomin, among others.


title: Frank Dukes

text: ASCAP hosts a series of annual awards which honor achievement in American songwriting, composition, and publishing. Feeney has received honors at ASCAP's Pop Music, Latin, and Rhythm & Soul Awards ceremonies.


title: Frank Dukes

text: BMI hosts a series of annual awards which honor achievements by songwriters, composers, and publishers, based on tracks performance time. Feeney has received honors at ASCAP's Pop, R&B/Hip-Hop, and London Awards ceremonies.


title: Frank Dukes

text: Feeney' work has been included in the Grammy Award nominations every year since 2015. From 32 nominations, he has won three awards; all of his wins are for singular production credits on an awarded album. The following works are for his role "as producer" unless otherwise noted.


title: Frank Dukes

text: Grammy Certificate-eligible contributions as per award category specifications on contribution playing time.


title: Frank Dukes

text: The Juno Awards are Canada's most popular music industry awards. As per Juno regulations, performing producers and songwriters do not receive honors for their nominated work. As such, Feeney has one nomination.


title: Frank Dukes

text: The Red Bull Big Tune competition is an annual series in which hip hop producers battle head-to-head, much like DJ competitions. Feeney competed from 2007 to 2009, at which point he was crowned the national champion.


title: Frank Dukes

text: The SOCAN Awards are Canadian music industry awards, honoring achievement of its members in songwriting, composing, and publishing. Feeney has thrice been awarded Songwriter of the Year.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The Mercedes-Benz 770, also known as the "Großer Mercedes" (German for "Big Mercedes"), was a large luxury car built by Mercedes-Benz from 1930 until 1944. It is probably best known from its use by high-ranking Nazi German politicians and other Axis officials before and during World War II, including Adolf Hitler, Paul von Hindenburg, Hermann Göring, Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich, Ion Antonescu, Benito Mussolini and Hirohito, many of which were captured in archival footage.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The 770 was introduced in 1930 as the successor to the Mercedes-Benz Typ 630, with the internal code W07. These high-priced cars were mainly used by governments as state vehicles. Reich President Paul von Hindenburg, Emperor Hirohito and Pope Pius XI were among the customers, and Adolf Hitler used a 770 from 1931 onwards. 117 W07-series cars were built until 1938.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The W07 version of the 770 was powered by an inline eight-cylinder engine of capacity with an overhead camshaft and aluminium pistons. This engine produced at 2800 rpm without supercharging. An optional Roots type supercharger, which was engaged at full throttle, would raise the output to at 2800 rpm, which could propel the car to . The transmission had four forward ratios, of which third was direct and fourth was an overdrive.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The W07 had a contemporary boxed chassis suspended by semi-elliptic leaf springs onto beam axles front and rear. Dimensions would vary with coachwork, but the chassis had a wheelbase of and a front track equal to the rear track of .


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The 770 was substantially revised in 1938, resulting in the new internal designation of W150. The new chassis was made with oval section tubes and was suspended from coil springs all around, with independent suspension at front and a de Dion axle at the rear. Hydraulic brakes were fitted, compared to the servo-assisted mechanical brakes of the prior series.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The engine had the same basic architecture as that of the W07, but had been tuned to produce at 3000 rpm without supercharging and at 3200 rpm with. The transmission now had five forward ratios with a direct fourth gear and an overdrive fifth. Top speed was around . A twin-supercharged model was available, able to reach a top speed of around . A total of five were made.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: In 1938, the huge W150 was understood to have been the most expensive German passenger car for sale up to that time, though it appeared on no price list: the price was published merely as "auf Anfrage" ("upon request"). Eighty-eight W150-series cars were built before chassis production ended in 1944. The last cars were bodied and delivered in March 1944.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: Some cars of this model were offered by Hitler as gifts to his allies, namely: Marshal Ion Antonescu of Romania, Benito Mussolini of Italy, Francisco Franco of Spain, Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim of Finland and Emil Hácha of the Bohemian Protectorate. Marshal Antonescu's car, for instance, was bulletproof.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The Canadian War Museum in Ottawa has on display one of seven cars used by Hitler. Heavily modified with extensive armour plating – including glass all round, and steel armour plate in all metalwork surrounding the main passenger compartment, plus an additional raisable plate between driver and rear passenger compartment – it weighs 4,100 kg. This special version with the internal designation W 150 II, built from 1940 to 1943, was also equipped with 19" armoured steel wheels and bulletproof 20-chamber tyres. The fenders were made of light metal to reduce weight; for reasons of tyre durability, the manufacturer recommended a maximum speed of . Further modifications allowed the secure storage of three machine pistols. The body also had additional vents to the side and a top the hood, twin hinges on the side doors, and four further air vents in the main scuttle. In preparation of the fall of Berchtesgaden in April 1945, RSD and SS troops had loaded the car on a railway flat-car, where it was found in May 1945 by troops of the United States Army 20th Armored Division in Laufen. Found in a damaged condition, a liberated Dutch forced-labour mechanic got the car working, advising the troops that it was Hermann Goering's state car. Repainted in US Army green with a star applied either side, it then served as the ranking officer's staff car during the post-war occupation period of Germany. Shipped to the U.S. in late 1945, it toured the country as part of a continued effort to raise war bonds, displayed and noted as Hermann Göring's personal car. Placed in storage, in October 1956 it was entered in a US Army surplus auction at Aberdeen Proving Ground, and sold to Montreal-based businessman for $2,750. Shipped for restoration to Rumble Motors in Toronto, a research book was established to restore the car as Göring would have had it during the war – for a cost of Can$5,000 – apart from leaving the bullet-damaged glass in place. In 1970 as part of a tax settlement, the car was gifted to the Canadian War Museum, again displayed there as Göring's car. In 1980, museum researcher Ludwig Kosha – born in Germany – began detailed research on the car, with assistance from Mercedes-Benz, the West German embassy to Canada and the West German foreign service. Along with chassis, engine, paint and modification records, and discovery of part of its original number plate 1AV148697, it was confirmed as one of Hitler's cars, delivered to the Reich Chancellery, Berlin on 8 July 1940.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The 770K originally owned by Field Marshal of Finland Baron Gustav Mannerheim was sold to an American collector after World War II. It was featured in the 1951 motion picture "" as Hitler's parade car. In 1973, Mannerheim's 770K, erroneously alleged to have been the parade limousine of Adolf Hitler, was sold at auction for $153,000, which was the most money ever paid for a car at auction at that time. This broke the previous record price for an antique car, which had been $90,000 for Greta Garbo's Duesenberg in autumn 1972. It was sold to a businessman from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who wanted the car for a park called Dutch Wonderland. Since 1984, Mannerheim's car has been privately owned.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: Another 770 was sold at the same 1973 auction, for $93,000. The high bidder was an Alabama developer and campaign manager for George Wallace's campaign in the 1964 U.S. presidential election. However, he could not secure financing to complete the transaction and subsequently sold his option to a mobile-home manufacturer, Don Tidwell.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: As of November 2009, one of Hitler's 770Ks was allegedly purchased for several million euros by an unnamed Russian billionaire.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: In the Norwegian Mercedes-Benz Club's magazine of June 2010 is an article on a 770 Offener Tourenwagen (W150). It was brought to Norway in 1941 by General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst. After World War II, it was used by the King of Norway. It was later sold to a buyer in the United States. The car won the prize for the best unrestored pre-war car at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in 2003.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: Two other 770s were brought to Norway during the war, one for Josef Terboven and the other for Vidkun Quisling. The "Norsk Motorveteran" magazine had a short article on one of the cars, which stated that it was displayed for sale to the public but apparently no one wanted to buy it despite the low price of KR 50,-. It was eventually scrapped, and all that now remains of the car is part of the bulletproof glasswork. The other car, a 1939 cabriolet, made its way to Czechoslovakia where it was used as a VIP transport for state functions. In 1948 the communists took over and in 1952 it was sent to the Vysoké Myto body works and given a new body and interior, in order to remove any of its “imperialist” origins, and as such has no external indicators of its original manufacture. This car is on display at the National Technical Museum In Prague.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: There is a 1938 Mercedes-Benz 770 Großer at the Museu do Caramulo in Portugal. This car is armoured and was ordered by the PVDE, the Portuguese internal secret police, after the 1937 bomb attempt against the Portuguese dictator António Salazar.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: A black 1938 770K, on display at the Technisches Museum in Sinsheim, Germany, allegedly was owned by the German central government office and used by Adolf Hitler during parades. The car was fitted with mine-proof floor armour, plus thick glass and bodywork. However, as a convertible parade car, the occupants' protection was limited.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: There is a 1939 770K on display at the Southward Car Museum at Paraparaumu in New Zealand. It is believed to have been intended as a gift for Edward VIII after the planned German invasion of Britain.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: A 1939 770K Cabriolet B has made at least one appearance at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in California. This car is a 2-door, 5-passenger convertible, making it particularly unusual since the majority of W150 cars were built as hardtop limousines or convertible limousines. It is finished in dark red with a tan leather interior.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: The Spanish Royal Guard has a 770 in the Royal Palace of El Pardo in Madrid, which was used by Francisco Franco.


title: Mercedes-Benz 770

text: Famous owners of the Mercedes-Benz 770 have included the following people, but most of them are part of the Axis powers during World War II.


title: Marty (film)

text: Marty is a 1955 American romantic drama film directed by Delbert Mann in his directorial debut. The screenplay was written by Paddy Chayefsky, expanding upon his 1953 teleplay of the same name, which was broadcast on The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse and starred Rod Steiger in the title role.


title: Marty (film)

text: The film stars Ernest Borgnine and Betsy Blair. In addition to winning the Academy Award for Best Picture, the film enjoyed international success, becoming the fourth American film to win the Palme d'Or. "Marty", "The Lost Weekend" (1945) and "Parasite" (2019) are the only three films to win both organizations' grand prizes.


title: Marty (film)

text: In 1994, "Marty" was deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" and selected for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.


title: Marty (film)

text: Marty Piletti is an Italian-American butcher who lives in The Bronx with his mother. Unmarried at 34, the good-natured but socially awkward Marty faces constant badgering from family and friends to settle down, as they point out that all his brothers and sisters are already married, most of them with children. Not averse to marriage but disheartened by his lack of prospects, Marty has reluctantly resigned himself to bachelorhood.


title: Marty (film)

text: After being harassed by his mother into going to the Stardust Ballroom one Saturday night, Marty connects with Clara, a plain science teacher at Benjamin Franklin High School, who is quietly weeping on the roof after being callously abandoned at the ballroom by her blind date. They spend the evening together dancing, walking the busy streets, and talking in a diner. Marty eagerly spills out his life story and ambitions, and they encourage each other. He takes Clara to his house and they awkwardly express their mutual attraction, shortly before his mother returns. Marty takes her home by bus, promising to call her at 2:30 the next afternoon, after Mass. Overjoyed on his way back home, he punches the bus stop sign and weaves between the cars, looking for a cab instead.


title: Marty (film)

text: Meanwhile, Marty's Aunt Catherine moves in to live with Marty and his mother. She warns his mother that Marty will soon marry and cast her aside. Fearing that Marty's romance could spell her abandonment, his mother belittles Clara. Marty's friends, with an undercurrent of envy, deride Clara for her plainness and try to convince him to forget her and to remain with them, unmarried, in their fading youth. Harangued into submission by the pull of his friends, Marty fails to call Clara.


title: Marty (film)

text: That night, back in the same lonely rut, Marty realizes that he is giving up a woman whom he not only likes, but who makes him happy. Over the objections of his friends, he dashes to a phone booth to call Clara, who is disconsolately watching television with her parents. When his friend asks what he's doing, Marty bursts out saying:


title: Marty (film)

text: Marty closes the phone booth's door when Clara answers the phone. In the last line of the film, he tentatively says "Hello...Hello, Clara?"


title: Marty (film)

text: For the film, Esther Minciotti, Augusta Ciolli and Joe Mantell reprised their roles from the live television production. The screenplay changed the name of the Waverly Ballroom to the Stardust Ballroom. The film expanded the role of Clara, and added subplots about Marty's career, his mother, and her sister.


title: Marty (film)

text: Rod Steiger, who had played Marty in the teleplay, initially declined an offer to reprise the role after Harold Hecht and Burt Lancaster, the film's producers, demanded Steiger sign a multiple-picture commitment as a condition of retaining his role. Ernest Borgnine assumed the title role in Steiger's stead.


title: Marty (film)

text: Shooting for the film began on September 7, 1954 in The Bronx and included many aspects of the borough into the film, such as Grand Concourse, Arthur Avenue, Gun Hill Road, White Plains Road, and several Bronx subway and elevated train lines, including the Concourse, Third Avenue, White Plains Road, and Jerome Avenue lines. On-set filming took place at Samuel Goldwyn Studios on November 1, 1954. Bronx native Jerry Orbach made his film debut in an uncredited role as a ballroom patron. Chayefsky had an uncredited cameo as Leo.


title: Marty (film)

text: The role of Clara initially was going to be reprised by actress Nancy Marchand, later of "Lou Grant" and "The Sopranos" fame, who had portrayed the character in the television version. However, actress Betsy Blair was interested in playing the role and lobbied for it. At the time, Blair, who was married to actor Gene Kelly, had been blacklisted due to her Marxist and Communist sympathies. It was only through the lobbying of Kelly, who used his major star status and connections at MGM to pressure United Artists, that Blair got the role. Reportedly, Kelly threatened to withdraw from the film "It's Always Fair Weather" if Blair did not get the role of Clara.


title: Marty (film)

text: Upon its premiere on April 11, 1955 (followed by a wide release on July 15), "Marty" received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics. Ronald Holloway of "Variety" wrote "If "Marty" is an example of the type of material that can be gleaned, then studio story editors better spend more time at home looking at television." "Time" described the film as "wonderful". Louella Parsons enjoyed the film, but she felt that it would not likely be nominated for Oscars. At a budget of $343,000, the film generated revenues of $3 million in the U.S., making it a box-office success.


title: Marty (film)

text: Rotten Tomatoes gives it a "Certified Fresh" 96% rating based on 77 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's consensus reads: "Scriptwriter Paddy Chayefsky's solid dialogue is bolstered by strong performances from Ernest Borgnine and Betsy Blair in this appealingly low-key character study."


title: Marty (film)

text: "Marty" received the first Palme d'Or ever awarded. "Marty", "The Lost Weekend" and "Parasite" are the only films ever to win both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the highest award at the Cannes Film Festival ("Marty" and "Parasite" both received the Palme d'Or, which, beginning at the 1955 festival, replaced the "Grand Prix du Festival International du Film" as the highest award).


title: Sherry Pie

text: Joey Gugliemelli, best known by the stage name Sherry Pie, is an American drag performer most known for being disqualified from the twelfth season of "RuPaul's Drag Race".


title: Sherry Pie

text: Following multiple revelations of sexual misconduct, Sherry Pie was disqualified from the show and mostly edited out of the American broadcast; initial overseas screenings retained the original edit. Sherry originally placed as one of the top four queens of the season, alongside Gigi Goode, Crystal Methyd, and Jaida Essence Hall but, due to her disqualification, she finished in 4th place and did not participate in the finale.


title: Sherry Pie

text: On March 4, 2020, Ben Shimkus, a 25-year-old actor, posted an update to the social media site Facebook detailing his experiences with Sherry Pie and accusing him of catfishing when the two studied together in the musical theater program at SUNY Cortland. Shimkus' post alleged that Gugliemelli deceived him using a fake identity of "Allison Mossey" to make promises of a musical career on Broadway. Shimkus also claimed that Gugliemelli coerced him into sending sexually suggestive fetish videos as part of the audition process.


title: Sherry Pie

text: In these videos, Shimkus was asked to play the character of Jeff, a steroid-dependent individual obsessed with growing muscle and gaining physical strength. In the script provided by Gugliemelli, Shimkus explained, the character of Jeff was supposed to appear ostensibly pleased with his body odor that resulted from taking steroids.


title: Sherry Pie

text: In an article with "BuzzFeed News" published on March 5, 2020, four other men came forward with similar allegations of Gugliemelli posing as Mossey and leading them to believe that recording sexually daring audition videos would increase their chances of being noticed by casting directors.


title: Sherry Pie

text: Another former classmate at SUNY Cortland alleged that Gugliemelli similarly deceived him to film various provocative scenes wearing revealing clothing as part of his audition for a musical production of "The Nightmare Before Christmas," which he was told was affiliated with the director Tim Burton. One victim claimed that Gugliemelli had explicitly asked them to masturbate on camera. As of March 6, 2020, a total of seven victims of Gugliemelli's alleged misconduct have come forward.


title: Sherry Pie

text: Gugliemelli posted an apology on his Facebook page, saying that he was sorry for "[causing] such trauma and pain" and that he had been "seeking help and receiving treatment since coming back to NYC". On March 6, 2020, VH1 released a statement regarding the incident, and made the decision to disqualify Gugliemelli from the contest. According to the statement, the season would air as planned but Gugliemelli would not appear in the live finale. After both episodes three and five, wherein Sherry Pie won the challenge and received $5,000 cash tips, World of Wonder donated $5,000 to The Trevor Project.


title: Sherry Pie

text: Sherry was one of the top four queens but, due to her disqualification, she finished in fourth place, resulting in season 12 being the first to feature a top three since season 8.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: Smörgåsbord () is a type of Swedish meal, originating in Sweden, served buffet-style with multiple hot and cold dishes of various foods on a table.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: Smörgåsbord became internationally known at the 1939 New York World's Fair when it was offered at the Swedish Pavilion "Three Crowns Restaurant". It is typically a celebratory meal and guests can help themselves from a range of dishes laid out for their choice. In a restaurant the term refers to a buffet-style table laid out with many small dishes from which, for a fixed amount of money, one is allowed to choose as many as one wishes.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: In Northern Europe, the term varies between "cold table" and "buffet": In Norway it is called or "kaldtbord", in Denmark (literally "the cold table"), in the Faroe Islands, (cold table); in Germany and in the Netherlands (literally "cold buffet"); in Iceland it is called ("loaded/covered table"), in Estonia it is called ("Swedish table") or "puhvetlaud" ("buffet table"), in Latvia ("the cold table"), in Finland ("butter-bread/sandwich table") or "ruotsalainen seisova pöytä" ("Swedish standing table/buffet"). In Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, it is a called "Shvedskyj stol" ("Swedish table") (Cyrillic: Шведский стол) or "zakusochnyj stol" ("snack table") (Cyrillic: закусочный стол) or "kholodnyj stol"("cold table") (Cyrillic: холодный стол). In Central and Eastern Europe each language has a term meaning "Swedish table". In Japan it is referred to as / ("baikingu" / "vaikingu", i.e. "Viking").


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The Swedish word consists of the words "smörgås" ("sandwich", usually open-faced) and "bord" ("table"). "Smörgås" in turn consists of the words "smör" ("butter", cognate with English "smear") and "gås" (literally "goose", but later referred to the small pieces of butter that formed and floated to the surface of cream while it was churned). The small butter pieces were just the right size to be placed and flattened out on bread, so "smörgås" came to mean "buttered bread". In Sweden, the term "att bre(da) smörgåsar" ("to spread butter on open-faced sandwiches") has been used since at least the 16th century.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: In English the word "smorgasbord" refers loosely to any buffet with a variety of dishes and is not necessarily used to reference traditional Swedish cuisine. In Sweden, "smörgåsbord" instead refers to a buffet consisting mainly of traditional dishes. The buffet concept remains popular in Sweden even outside of its traditional presentation. Buffets are for example commonly served at larger private gatherings consisting of any type of food, or at fika with a variety of pastries. For restaurants in Sweden of various types of Asian cuisine it is common to offer an all-you-can-eat buffet (in particular for lunch customers), and is referred to with the more generic term "buffé" ("buffet").


title: Smörgåsbord

text: In an extended sense, the word is used to refer to any situation which invites patrons to select whatever they wish from an abundant selection, such as the smorgasbord of university courses, books in a bookstore, etc.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: A traditional Swedish "smörgåsbord" consists of both hot and cold dishes. Bread, butter, and cheese are always part of the "smörgåsbord". It is customary to begin with cold fish dishes, which are generally various forms of herring, salmon, and eel. After eating the first portion, people usually continue with the second course (other cold dishes), and round off with hot dishes. Dessert may or may not be included in a smörgåsbord.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: A special Swedish type of is the (literally "Yule/Christmas table"). The classic Swedish julbord is central to traditional Swedish cuisine.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: A traditional "julbord" is typically eaten buffet-style in five to seven courses (depending on local and family traditions). The first three courses are usually fish courses. The first plate is an assortment of different pickled herrings served with sour cream and chives. The second is a variety of cold fish, particularly several kinds of lox (e.g. gravlax); the third plate is hot fish dishes, particularly lutfisk. Other traditional dishes are be (smoked) eel, rollmops, herring salad, baked herring, smoked salmon, smoked char and shellfish canapés, accompanied by sauces and dips.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The fourth course is often a selection of cold sliced meats, the most important cold cut being Christmas ham ("julskinka") with mustard. Other traditional cuts include smoked sausages, leverpastej, wild game cuts, smoked leg of lamb ("fårfiol"), pâtés and several types of brawn ("sylta"). It is also common to serve the cold meats with sliced cheese, pickled cucumbers and soft (vörtbröd) and crispbreads.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The fifth course consists of warm dishes ("småvarmt"). Traditionally, the fifth course begins with soaking bread in the stock from the Christmas ham, which is called "dopp i grytan". Warm dishes include Swedish meatballs ("köttbullar"), small fried hot-dog-type sausages ("prinskorv"), roasted pork ribs ("revbensspjäll"), pork sausages ("fläskkorv"), potato sausages ("potatiskorv"), and "Janssons frestelse" (literally "Jansson's Temptation"; a warm potato casserole), matchstick potatoes layered with cream, onion and sprats. Side dishes include beetroot salad in mayonnaise and warm stewed red, green or brown cabbage and boiled potatoes.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The sixth and seventh courses are a cheese plate and a dessert plate. Julbord cheeses include Stilton, Cheddar, "västerbottenost" and Christmas Edam cheese ("edammer"). Desserts include rosettes ("struvor"), klenäts ("klenäter"), polkagrisar, knäck, dates, figs, ischoklad, saffron buns, "mandelmusslor", gingerbread cookies, marzipan figures, different kinds of nuts, risalamande, and, most importantly, rice pudding ("risgrynsgröt") sprinkled with cinnamon powder. Traditionally, an almond is hidden in the bowl of rice pudding and whoever finds it receives a small prize or is recognised for having good luck.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: A "julbord" often also include local and family specialties. Among them are "isterband," baked beans, omelette with shrimps or mushrooms covered with béchamel sauce, "äggost, saffranspannkaka, långkål, rörost, ostkaka, kroppkakor and julgädda."


title: Smörgåsbord

text: Beer and the occasional snaps, brännvin or akvavit are common beverages served with this Christmas meal. The seasonal soft drink "julmust" is also served at the "julbord", as well as during the whole Christmas holiday.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The Christmas ham is either boiled or broiled and then painted and glazed with a mixture of egg, breadcrumbs and mustard.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: Lutfisk, lyed fish made of stockfish (dried ling or cod), is served with boiled potato, thick white sauce or mustard sauce, green peas and sometimes cubed bacon. More and more families opt to eat "lutfisk" as dinner the day before or after Christmas Eve rather than as a dish among other at the "julbord".


title: Smörgåsbord

text: "Julbord" is served from early December until just before Christmas at restaurants and until Epiphany in some homes. It is traditional for most Swedish and Norwegian workplaces to hold an annual "julbord" between November and January.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The members of the Swedish merchant and upper class in sixteenth-century Sweden and Finland served schnapps table ("brännvinsbord"), a small buffet presented on a side table offering a variety of hors d'oeuvres served prior to a meal before sitting at the dinner table. The most simple "brännvinsbord" was bread, butter, cheese, herring and several types of liqueurs; but smoked salmon, sausages and cold cuts were also served. The " brännvinsbord " was served as an appetizer for a gathering of people and eaten while standing before a dinner or supper, often two to five hours before dinner, sometimes with the men and women in separate rooms.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: The "smörgåsbord" became popular in the mid-seventeenth century, when the food moved from the side table to the main table and service began containing both warm and cold dishes. "Smörgåsbord" was also served as an appetizer in hotels and later at railway stations, before the dining cars time for the guests. During the 1912 Olympic Games, restaurants in Stockholm stopped serving "smörgåsbord" as an appetizer and started serving them instead as a main course.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: Since March 2020, many smörgåsbords were suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic, as there are restaurants offering take-away or delivery.


title: Smörgåsbord

text: In small towns in parts of the Canadian prairies a communal potluck called a smörgåsbord is a common event organized by local service organizations to raise money for needy causes. Willing individuals in town will commit to providing various desserts and side dishes while the service organization will be responsible for providing the main course(s). This often includes roast beef, pork, and turkey, a variety of boiled vegetables, potatoes and gravy. Typically these are heavily attended events held on a weekend, often over multiple days drawing people from surrounding small towns, each of which can count on a similar attendance from neighboring towns and villages when they hold their own smörgåsbord.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Trini Kwan is a fictional character from the "Power Rangers" franchise, first appearing in the original series as the Yellow Ranger. She was portrayed by Vietnamese-American actress Thuy Trang.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Trini was originally portrayed by actress Audri Dubois in the unaired pilot episode, but when the show was picked up for television, for which a new pilot was filmed, she was played by Trang, around whom the character was rewritten. Trini appears in the 2017 reboot film, played by Mexican-American singer Becky G.


title: Trini Kwan

text: In "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers", Trini makes her first appearance performing a Kata on the first episode. When Rita Repulsa escapes and begins wreaking havoc on earth, Trini, along with her close friends Jason Lee Scott, Zack Taylor, Billy Cranston and Kimberly Hart, is one of the five teens chosen by Zordon to receive a great power, drawn from the spirits of the prehistoric animals. These powers give them the ability to transform into a fighting force known as the Power Rangers. Trini is chosen for her compassion, quick wits, and martial arts talent, and becomes the Yellow Power Ranger, given the Saber-Toothed Tiger Power Coin and the Saber-Toothed Tiger Dinozord.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Trini is well-versed in kung fu. She would later become proficient in the art of Praying Mantis Kung Fu, mirroring Thuy Trang's real-life training in the martial art. Trini's signature fighting style included lightning-fast maneuvers, and powerful high kicks. She attempts to neutralize foes with the least amount of force. Trini is one of the intellectuals of the team, often having to translate Billy's techno talk for the other Rangers.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Generally soft-spoken and polite, Trini is a calm and warm person. She is an environmentalist. She is prepared to both push herself and put herself in danger for those she loves.


title: Trini Kwan

text: In Season 2, with the arrival of new nemesis Lord Zedd, the Rangers are given the new Thunderzords to battle Zedd's monsters, which are significantly more powerful than those created by Rita. Trini is given the new Griffin Thunderzord.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Also, during the earlier part of the season, Trini is courted by a new student in school named Richie. Initially, they both are too nervous to speak to each other, but eventually Richie gathers the courage to ask Trini on a study date.


title: Trini Kwan

text: In the 2017 film, which is a modern-day reboot of the original "Power Rangers" series, Trini is portrayed by Mexican-American singer Becky G. She is depicted more closely to as originally going for the television series as a teen of Mexican origin. The film also portrays her as a closeted lesbian, and as such, she has gained fame for being the first gay superhero in film. Trini reveals that Angel Grove is her third school in three years as her family often moved around, but she tends to avoid interaction with others, to the extent that she has been in Kimberly's biology class for a year and Kimberly never noticed her. Trini's issues are made worse by her family's relative normality, as her parents are essentially incapable of acknowledging or accepting her sexuality. However, as she trains with the team, having met them while practicing martial arts in the mine where Billy found the Power Coins, despite them meeting Zordon and Alpha before Zack even asks for her name, she comes to form a closer bond with the group. When Rita attacks Trini on her own and "offers" to spare her if Trini will tell her the location of the Zeo Crystal, Trini warns the rest of the team. After they manage to morph into their ranger suits, Trini joins the other Rangers in attacking Goldar in their zords before they form the Megazord for the first time.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Kimberly is the main character in this comic book mini series published by Boom! Studios. The series is a modern-day remake but also serves as a continuation from Kimberly's exit in the third season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Kimberly needs to rescue a French town under siege from Goldar. She seeks help from Zordon who uses the Sword of Light to activate the latent pink energy within her. Kimberly then teleports to Zack and Trini in South America for their help. Zordon uses the Sword of Light to share Kimberly's power with them. Trini once again becomes the Yellow Ranger. It is also revealed that Trini and Zack are in a relationship.


title: Trini Kwan

text: The name Trini was originally used for the character "Trini Crystal" in a 1986 television pilot for an American adaptation of the Super Sentai series "Choudenshi Bioman". Described as "an intellectual and struggling artist", the character was portrayed by American actress Tricia Leigh Fisher. Though "Bioman" was not picked up for a series, the character names of Trini, Zack, Kimberly, and Billy would later be used for "Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers".


title: Trini Kwan

text: Early in Season 2, actress Thuy Trang injured her leg while performing a stunt on the show (the cast usually performed their own stunts). In particular, in the episode "The Beetle Invasion" she is notably seen sitting on a bench wearing a knee brace while the other Rangers played the game. Hence the character was unable to participate in most fight scenes and was often absent from other scenes that did not have something to sit on, for the rest of the actress's time on the series.


title: Trini Kwan

text: When Thuy Trang, Austin St. John (Jason), and Walter Jones (Zack) left the show (over contract disputes), their characters stopped making new on-screen or face-to-camera shots, simply being shown in their Ranger uniforms, using archive footage, or with doubles who were not directly facing the cameras, before they were written off in the two-part "Power Transfer" episode in which their characters were chosen to attend the World Peace Conference. Trini urged Zordon that they could not leave during such a crisis, but Zordon advised the transfer the best decision to make. The Sword of Light transferred Trini's powers to Aisha Campbell. Though Jason later returned in "Power Rangers Zeo", "", and the tenth anniversary special "Forever Red," it was never stated what became of Zack or Trini after the peace conference.


title: Trini Kwan

text: Unlike Kimberly, Trini did not wear a skirt with her Ranger suit and appears with male anatomical contours in most morphed sequences. This is because the action scenes from the first season of "Mighty Morphin" used footage from the 1992 "Super Sentai" television series "Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger". Her counterpart on "Zyuranger", Boi, the Tiger Ranger (portrayed by ), was male. However, a female version of the Tiger Ranger costume was made with a skirt for the 2011 "Super Sentai" series "Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger", which first appears on the show in Episode 11 due to Luka Millfy/Gokai Yellow being female.


title: Trini Kwan

text: The choice of color for the Black Ranger (Zack Taylor) and Yellow Ranger (Trini Kwan) has been a source of criticism, due to the belief these colors are representations of their racial backgrounds. There are many parodies illustrating the perceived inherent racism of the show. According to the producers, this was not noticed until the tenth episode of "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers".


title: Personal care

text: Personal care or toiletries are consumer products used in personal hygiene, personal grooming or for beautification.


title: Personal care

text: Personal care includes products as diverse as cleansing pads, colognes, cotton swabs, cotton pads, deodorant, eye liner, facial tissue, hair clippers, lip gloss, lipstick, lip balm, lotion, makeup, hand soap, facial cleanser, body wash, nail files, pomade, perfumes, razors, shaving cream, moisturizer, baby powder, toilet paper, toothpaste, facial treatments, wet wipes, towels, and shampoo.


title: Personal care

text: Other corporations, such as pharmacies (e.g. CVS/pharmacy, Walgreens) primarily retail in personal care rather than manufacture personal care products themselves.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: "Cake by the Ocean" is the debut single by American band DNCE. It was released through Republic Records, as the lead single from their debut EP, "Swaay", on September 18, 2015. It is also included on their debut studio album, "DNCE" (2016). "Cake by the Ocean" is a 1970s-inspired pop, R&B, dance, and disco-funk song.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: The song reached the top 10 on multiple national record charts including those of Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It also topped the U.S. "Billboard" Adult Pop Songs airplay chart and has been certified Gold or higher by a number of recording industry associations. "Billboard" ranked "Cake by the Ocean" at number 44 on their "100 Best Pop Songs of 2016" list. "Nielsen Music" named "Cake by the Ocean" the second most-played song in Canada for 2016, behind only Justin Bieber's 2015 single, "Love Yourself".


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: "Cake by the Ocean" was co-written by Joe Jonas, Justin Tranter, and Swedish duo Mattman & Robin, who also produced the song. Lyrically, the song is about sexual intercourse, but is also often interpreted to be referring to the cocktail Sex on the Beach. The song's title originated from Mattman & Robin's repeatedly confusing the phrase "sex on the beach" for "cake by the ocean". The song is composed in E minor, with a tempo of 119 beats per minute.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: "Cake by the Ocean" debuted at number 79 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 issued for November 7, 2015. On March 5, 2016, the song moved from number 11 to number 10 and became Jonas' fourth career top-10 entry, making him the sixth artist to reach the top 10 as a soloist and with two groups. It peaked at number nine in its 19th week on the chart and spent 46 weeks in total. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single 5× Platinum, which denotes five million units based on sales and track-equivalent on-demand streams. On the Canadian Hot 100, "Cake by the Ocean" peaked at number seven and was certified 2× Platinum by Music Canada.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: The song reached number four in the United Kingdom and the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified it 3× Platinum. In Italy, it peaked at number 11 and was certified 4× Platinum. "Cake by the Ocean" reached number six in Australia and was certified 7× Platinum. In New Zealand, the song peaked at number 10 and was certified 2× Platinum. "Cake by the Ocean" charted within the top five of national record charts, at number one in Argentina, Ecuador, Israel, number two in Slovenia, number five in Austria, the Czech Republic, Serbia. It received a 2× Platinum certification Poland, Spain, and Platinum in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: The video, directed by Black Coffee and Jonas' then-girlfriend Gigi Hadid, was released on October 16, 2015. It depicts DNCE performing "in front of a giant piece of cake on the beach" when a cake-throwing battle ensues between The Fat Jew and "a bunch of bikini clad women who are 'Team DNCE'". Both vie "to become the 'cake fight champion', but as it turns out, everyone is a winner, as the scene becomes one giant beach party". The music video currently sits at 466 million views on YouTube. It also features product placement scenes by the dating app Bumble including a shot of a hand swiping through photos of women and a Bumble-branded towel being waved.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: DNCE have performed the song as musical guests on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" and "The Graham Norton Show". The band performed the song live at the 2016 Radio Disney Music Awards, the 2016 Kids' Choice Awards, and the 2016 Billboard Music Awards in the US, and the 2016 Royal Variety Performance in the UK.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: DNCE performed a 1950s rock-inspired version of "Cake by the Ocean" for their cameo in "" as Johnny Casino and the Gamblers.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: the medley of hits along with Nick's debut hit Jealous and the recently-released, Sucker at the 2019 Billboard Music Awards.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: The song is featured in the films "Pitch Perfect 3", "Bad Moms", "", "Malibu Rescue", "The King of Staten Island", "Sing 2", and in trailers for "Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates", "" and "The Lost City". It has also been featured in the television series "Telenovela", "South Park", "No Tomorrow", "The Real O'Neals", "", "Mary + Jane" and "The Wilds", and appeared in an Indonesian Mizone commercial in August 2016. The clean version of the song is a playable track in "Just Dance 2017". It was also featured in the Brazilian teen soap-opera Malhação during its 24th season.


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: The official clean and radio versions of the song censor the line "go fucking crazy" with "go crazy crazy", with the word "crazy" repeated from the audio. The line "God damn" is replaced with "hot damn". The phrase "fucking delicious" is replaced with "so delicious". In the lyric video, the word "fucking" is listed as "f***ing".


title: Cake by the Ocean

text: Music channels in the UK owned by Channel Four Television Corporation censor "fucking" by reversing the audio, rather than adopting the official clean version of the song. Jonas' mouth is blurred when he sings the obscenity. MTV channels in the UK replace the line "...Go fucking crazy..." with "...Go for me crazy...", lifting audio from "Walk for me, baby", though no visual editing is imposed in this instance.


title: Circuit City

text: Circuit City is an American consumer electronics retail company, which was founded in 1949 by Samuel Wurtzel as the Wards Company, operated stores across the United States, and pioneered the electronics superstore format in the 1970s. After multiple purchases and a successful run on the NYSE, it changed its name to Circuit City Stores Inc.


title: Circuit City

text: The brand name was re-established by Ronny Shmoel in 2016 as part of his acquisition of the brand name and trademark rights sold by Systemax, which formerly operated the CircuitCity.com website from 2009 until 2012, when it was consolidated into the TigerDirect brand.


title: Circuit City

text: In early 1949, Wurtzel was on vacation in Richmond, Virginia when, while at a local barber shop, he was witness to the start of television in the South. Imagining the opportunities, in late 1949, he moved his family to Richmond and opened the first Wards Company retail store. Later, Abraham L. Hecht joined him as a partner in the business.


title: Circuit City

text: By 1959, Wards Company operated four television and home appliance stores in Richmond. The company continued to grow and acquired stores in other locations including Albany, New York; Mobile, Alabama; Washington, D.C.; and Costa Mesa, California. During the 1970s and early 1980s, it also sold mail-order under the name "Dixie Hi Fi", advertising in hi-fi magazines. Wards experimented with several retail formats in Richmond, including smaller mall outlets branded "Sight-n-Sound" and "Circuit City".


title: Circuit City

text: Samuel Wurtzel served as president of the company until 1970 and remained the chairman until 1984. Alan Wurtzel, his son, became CEO of Wards in 1972 and initially focused on digesting the acquisitions and shedding unprofitable operations. After developing a long range plan for the company in 1973, construction began on a distribution center and new corporate offices building at 2040 Thalbro Street (named after Thalhimer Bros. Department Store) in Richmond, Virginia and in the extra space, "Wards Loading Dock", its first warehouse showroom opened on May 1, 1975. The large-format store was very popular with customers. The company continued to expand with the new format modeled after "Wards Loading Dock" and renamed it Circuit City Superstore in 1978, the first locations called such opened on June 22 of that year in North Carolina.


title: Circuit City

text: Wards Company officially changed its name to Circuit City and became listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1984. One of the company's early slogans was "Circuit City — Where the Streets are Paved with Bargains". The company, which had leased floor space from the Zodys discount stores as well as other department stores, began acquiring retail stores and turning them into Circuit City Superstores. The first of these replacements occurred in Knoxville, Tennessee; Charleston, South Carolina; and Hampton, Virginia.


title: Circuit City

text: In 1981, Circuit City entered the New York City market by acquiring the six remaining stores of the bankrupt Lafayette Radio chain. They operated the stores under the "Lafayette/Circuit City" name and expanded to 15 locations, but the stores were not profitable and were closed in 1986 after spending US$20 million to enter the market.


title: Circuit City

text: In 1985, Circuit City entered the Los Angeles market by opening seven Superstore locations in former The Akron discount stores. The next year, Circuit City opened five more Superstores in the market and closed the licensed electronics and appliance departments it operated in Zodys stores. The new stores featured the "red tower" entrance that ultimately became a trademark of the company. The towers were designed to make the store more identifiable to drivers among the endless stores and shopping centers in Los Angeles.


title: Circuit City

text: In 1988, Circuit City began constructing the new "plug" design Superstore formats. The company also returned to New York City opening a superstore in Union Square, the first of two planned Manhattan locations.


title: Circuit City

text: In late 1988, Circuit City had an opportunity to purchase Best Buy, a growing competitor at the time, for US$30 million. The offer was rejected by Richard Sharp, Circuit City's CEO, since he believed they could open a store in Best Buy's home territory of Minneapolis and easily beat the competitor.


title: Circuit City

text: During this era, Circuit City became known for its exceptional service, going so far as to have many of its staff factory-trained. Its slogan, likewise, was "Welcome to Circuit City, Where Service Is State of the Art".


title: Circuit City

text: Many Circuit City stores were out of date and in bad locations, unable to compete with newer Best Buy stores. In 2000, Circuit City moved away from the Superstore showroom format and introduced a new more self-service "Big Box" format called "Horizon." The new format eliminated the red tower entrances and moved the entrance to the center of the store. The selling floor was enlarged with lower sight lines and the race track was removed. A central checkout was located at the front of the store and shopping baskets were added for small items. Appliances were eliminated to make room for games, computer peripherals, and other small electronics. The plan was to open stand-alone major appliance stores, but later that plan was dropped. One new store in Jacksonville, Florida incorporated the new design and twenty-five existing Florida stores were remodeled to this format.


title: Circuit City

text: In July 2000, Circuit City abandoned the large appliance business in all stores to make space for more small electronics. This was controversial because in the previous year Circuit City was the second largest appliance retailer in the United States, behind only Sears. The company had earned nearly US$1.6 billion in sales revenue from large appliances in 1999. However, executives were concerned about the competition from Home Depot and Lowe's and believed there would be big savings in warehouse storage and delivery costs if they quit the large appliance business. It was later realized that Circuit City thus missed out on the residential housing boom of the mid-2000s, which saw a dramatic rise in new-appliance sales.


title: Circuit City

text: Every Superstore was retrofitted after the exit from the large-appliance business, using the space for an expanded self-serve computer accessory and software selection. Under an exclusive agreement with Sony, the only games that had been sold at the stores were PlayStation games. The new space allowed them to sell Nintendo, Sega, and eventually Xbox games after the agreement ended. Music and movie sales had been added to most stores years before, but the extra space allowed the selection to be added to smaller stores. The retrofitting project alone cost the company US$1.5 billion.


title: Circuit City

text: Another store format, called "Tide", was created based on research conducted that found women and teenagers were not respected by the Circuit City sales staff. The front of the store featured windows allowing customers to see in and the signage was improved. Power poles and movable fixtures allowed for easy rearrangement of the store and lowered the cost of remodeling older locations since the floor did not need to be trenched. In 2001, Chicago stores were remodeled with parts of this format and all new locations opened with this design.


title: Circuit City

text: In March 2002, Circuit City purchased the key assets for 800.com, which included their entire 2.6 million customer list, websites, and marketing assets. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed.


title: Circuit City

text: In 2003, Circuit City converted to a single hourly pay structure in all stores, eliminating commissioned sales. Many previously commissioned sales associates were offered new positions as hourly "product specialists", while 3,900 salespeople were laid off, saving the company about $130 million per year. Many company insiders later revealed that they thought this was the most influential company decision that would ultimately lead to its demise.


title: Circuit City

text: In 2004, with the expansion of the wireless phone market, Circuit City partnered with Verizon Wireless to include full-service Verizon Wireless sales and service centers in each Superstore. These locations were owned and staffed by Verizon Wireless. Circuit City stopped selling wireless phones with all other carriers due to the agreement.


title: Circuit City

text: In April 2004, Circuit City announced its purchase of Canadian retailer InterTAN. Circuit City paid approximately US$284 million for InterTAN's 980 stores, which operated in Canada under the trade names RadioShack, Rogers Plus, and Battery Plus. Chairman and CEO Alan McCollough believed these existing small-format stores provided an easy entry into Canada, a country where Best Buy had been expanding. RadioShack sued InterTan in April 2004 over the branding use of RadioShack in Canada. Circuit City lost the lawsuit and all Canadian locations were renamed The Source by Circuit City in 2005. These stores were sold to Bell Canada and continue to operate.


title: Circuit City

text: In 2007, a new store format was introduced as "The City" and designed to eliminate previously under-utilized space. The smaller format gave the company greater flexibility to enter new markets and backfill existing ones. Most new store openings in 2008 used this new store format.


title: Circuit City

text: On February 8, 2007, Circuit City announced that it planned to close seven domestic Superstores and a Kentucky distribution center to cut costs and improve its financial performance. News reports also mention that 62 stores in Canada were to close.


title: Circuit City

text: Circuit City announced on February 23, 2007, that its chief financial officer, Michael Foss, would leave the company. This unsettled investors and analysts concerned about management turnover. "This represents the third departure of a senior executive in the past six months, and the second departure of a top-five executive in the past month" said Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew Fassler in a client note. Chief Executive Officer Phil Schoonover's "hand-picked team is turning over faster than we would like to see in a turnaround situation."


title: Circuit City

text: In 2007, the starting wage for new employees was dropped from $8.75 an hour down to $7.40 an hour ($6.55 being the federal minimum wage at the time). In a press release on March 28, 2007, Circuit City announced that in a "wage management" decision in order to cut costs, it had laid off approximately 3400 better-paid associates and would re-staff the positions at the lower market-based salaries. Laid-off associates were provided severance and offered a chance to be re-hired after ten weeks at prevailing wages. The "Washington Post" reported interviews with management concerning the firings. The "Post" later reported in May 2007 that the layoffs, and consequent loss of experienced sales staff, appeared to be "backfiring" and resulting in slower sales.


title: Circuit City

text: In April 2008, video rental firm Blockbuster announced a bid worth $1 billion to purchase Circuit City. In July 2008, Blockbuster withdrew its offer due to market conditions.


title: Circuit City

text: In August 2008, the chain's head office demanded stores destroy all copies of an issue of "Mad" magazine which described "Sucker City" as a chain with a long list of locations, all in proximity to each other and each adjacent to a rival Best Buy store.


title: Circuit City

text: Philip J. Schoonover, CEO, president and chairman of the board of Circuit City Stores, Inc. announced his immediate resignation on September 22, 2008. James A. Marcum, former vice chairman of the board, was named acting CEO. Allen King was selected chairman of the board.


title: Circuit City

text: This switch was said to be due to a stream of losses stemming from the rapid decline of flat-panel TV prices, and possibly due to the strong call for Schoonover's removal from activist shareholder Mark Wattles.


title: Circuit City

text: On November 4, 2008, Circuit City announced that it would close 155 stores and lay off 17% of its workforce by the end of the year as a result of continuing difficulties in remaining profitable. On November 7, 2008, Circuit City laid off between 500 and 800 corporate employees from its Richmond, Virginia headquarters. The approximately 1,000 remaining corporate employees were consolidated into one building in an effort to further reduce costs and improve profitability. On November 10, 2008, Circuit City filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. At that time, Circuit City's stock traded well below $1 per share, and was removed from listing on the New York Stock Exchange.


title: Circuit City

text: In bankruptcy court, Circuit City was approved to borrow $1.1 billion to finance operations while restructuring. Court filings revealed that the company had assets of $3.4 billion and debt of $2.32 billion, including a $119 million debt to Hewlett-Packard and a $116 million debt to Samsung Electronics. Chief executive James A. Marcum promised that the stores would stay open and the chain would not be liquidated.


title: Circuit City

text: On November 18, 2008, it was announced that Ricardo Salinas Pliego, current owner of Mexican television broadcaster TV Azteca and electronics store chain Elektra, had purchased 28 percent of Circuit City.


title: Circuit City

text: On January 10, 2009, it was announced by a company spokesman that Circuit City needed a buyer by January 16, 2009, to keep from shutting its doors due to an approaching deadline set by the court and creditors. Although two unnamed parties were interested in buying out Circuit City, a bidder could not be found, so Circuit City, with bankruptcy court approval, converted its Chapter 11 bankruptcy to Chapter 7, and started airing "going out of business" commercials, as they started closing all of their stores. The Canadian operations, which were run under The Source by Circuit City banner, were not initially affected by the liquidation, but were later sold to Bell Canada.


title: Circuit City

text: According to Circuit City's website, the company announced on January 16, 2009, that it intended to liquidate all of its stores. Reportedly, over 30,000 employees lost their jobs in the liquidation, as well as 45% of Verizon's Circuit City sales force being laid off with the remainder resigning or transferring to other Verizon locations.


title: Circuit City

text: The final day of operations for all Circuit City stores was March 8, 2009. Besides retail auto dealerships, Circuit City closed more retail locations in the U.S. than any other retail chain in 2009. Circuit City selected Great American Group LLC, Hudson Capital Partners LLC, SB Capital Group LLC, and Tiger Capital Group LLC to handle the liquidation of all stores nationwide. Liquidation was completed on March 9, 2009.


title: Circuit City

text: During the liquidation of all Circuit City stores across the nation, the company's online store was closed, and replaced it with a page that read as follows:


title: Circuit City

text: Systemax, Inc., in April 2009, signed a stalking horse agreement for $6.5 million, which was an initial offer for the bankrupt Circuit City's assets.


title: Circuit City

text: On May 13, 2009, it was announced that Systemax had purchased the Circuit City brand name, trademarks, and e-commerce website for US$14 million at auction from Circuit City Stores, Inc. on May 11, with the deal set to take effect on May 19. Systemax relaunched the CircuitCity.com website on May 22, 2009, as an online retailer of consumer electronics. Systemax had earlier acquired both CompUSA and TigerDirect separately, which superficially continued to operate as separate online retailers with the same website formats and product catalog along with the new CircuitCity.com site. The revived site's front page initially looked similar to the original front page, while other pages were similar in appearance and functionality to the other two sites. All three sites eventually transitioned into slightly rebranded mirrors of each other.


title: Circuit City

text: On November 2, 2012, it was announced that Systemax would drop both the CompUSA and Circuit City storefront brands by consolidating their businesses under the TigerDirect brand and website. This ended, after 63 years, the use of the Circuit City brand name.


title: Circuit City

text: It was reported in January 2016 that the Circuit City brand would be revived as Circuit City Corporation by area retail veteran Ronny Shmoel, who acquired the brand from Systemax. Circuit City was originally set to reopen in June 2016, but the postponed relaunch was announced at CES for February 15, 2018. On August 22, 2018, Circuit City Corporation officially relaunched the brand name as an online retailer and announced plans to begin operating as a store-within-a-store chain.


title: Circuit City

text: CarMax is a used car auto superstore concept developed in 1991 at Circuit City by Austin Ligon, then Circuit City's Senior VP of Planning, and Rick Sharp, then Circuit City CEO. The goal of CarMax was to revolutionize used car retailing through a combination of large selection (400+ used cars at each store); low, no-haggle pricing; guaranteed quality; and a consumer-friendly shopping experience. The first location opened in Richmond, Virginia in September 1993. CarMax grew slowly for its first four years as the team refined the basic concept, then went public through an IPO as a "tracking stock" (KMX) of Circuit City in February 1997. The offering was managed by Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs, and raised more than $400mm for a 20% interest in the company, with Circuit City retaining the remaining 80% ownership. CarMax used the proceeds to repay Circuit City's initial $170mm investment in the company, then used the remainder to grow rapidly, adding 27 more stores from 1997 to 2000, and turning its first profit in FY2001. Circuit City sold a further 10% of its interest in CarMax in July 2001 for $140mm, with proceeds going to Circuit City. CarMax was spun off from Circuit City in a tax free distribution to shareholders in October 2002 to allow both companies to grow and be valued independently. The stock distribution provided Circuit City shareholders with KMX stock valued at over $1.2bn at the time of the spin off in 2002.


title: Circuit City

text: Circuit City Express was a chain of mall-based Circuit City stores with over 50 locations at its peak. The first locations opened in Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; and McLean, Virginia in 1989. The stores were originally known as Impulse, but were later renamed in 1993 to focus on the strength of the Circuit City brand. These stores focused on small electronic products for personal use or to be given as gifts. Cellular phones were a major focus of the business since all major carriers were sold until the exclusive agreement with Verizon Wireless in 2004. Circuit City Express stores offered Superstore prices and the Circuit City "Price Match Guarantee" in a mall environment. Most of the locations closed in the early 2000s as their original 10 year leases expired.


title: Circuit City

text: Connect was a store concept operated as a joint venture between Circuit City and Comcast. These small stores offered Comcast cable services, plus select electronics and Firedog tech support services from Circuit City. The first Connect store opened in Medford, Massachusetts in December 2006, followed by a second in nearby Burlington in May 2007.


title: Circuit City

text: DIVX was developed by Circuit City and launched in 1997 as an alternative to DVD. DIVX discs cost $5 each, but could only be played for 48 hours on proprietary set-top players before a continuation fee was required to continue viewing. The player was connected to a phone line to check whether the disc was still valid. Opposition to the format and limited acceptance by the public led Circuit City to discontinue the format in 1999. Circuit City took a US$114 million loss to close its DIVX division.


title: Circuit City

text: Firedog was launched in August 2006 to provide in-store, in-home, and online computer and home theatre technical support and installation services in competition with other retailers' consumer and business technical services offerings such as Best Buy's Geek Squad and Staples' EasyTech. The Firedog brand was sold to Firstmark for US$250,000 in September 2009, approximately six months after the liquidation of all Circuit City stores.


title: Circuit City

text: First North American National Bank was created by Circuit City to operate its private-label credit card in 1990. In 2002, Circuit City began offering a co-branded Visa credit card. It sold both of these operations in 2004 to Bank One (now Chase Bank).


title: Circuit City

text: Patapsco Designs was acquired by Circuit City in 1987. The company was in charge of designing product displays and other electronic services for Circuit City. Patapsco Designs was founded in 1977 and is based in Frederick, Maryland and in November 2004 was acquired by American Computer Development Inc. Patapsco Designs, Inc. filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in joint administration with Circuit City Stores, Inc. in November 2008.


title: Circuit City

text: In 2004, RadioShack sued InterTAN to prematurely terminate its role as reseller for the Radio Shack line in Canada; the stores rebranded as "The Source by Circuit City". In 2005, InterTAN sued RadioShack in an attempt to prevent it from re-entering the Canadian marketplace as a direct competitor; while this effort failed, the nine new RadioShack-branded stores closed their doors by 2007.


title: Circuit City

text: In 2005, Circuit City agreed to pay $173,220 in settlement and investigation reimbursement costs due to a false advertising claim in a 2004 New Jersey court case. The court found that important information pertaining to sale items was purposely obscured within the advertisement, thus potentially deceiving customers.


title: Circuit City

text: Circuit City's City Advantage Plan was also challenged in a United States District Court in Massachusetts. The plaintiffs' claim concerned Circuit City's cancellation of its warranty plan without full disclosure of the plan at the time of sale. The plaintiffs cited breach of contract, unjust enrichment, and violation of the Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act. Circuit City requested the matter be dismissed. The court, however, upheld the plaintiffs' claim that the monies paid for the protection plan be reimbursed and credit be issued for non-working goods returned.


title: Circuit City

text: Liquidators handling the sale of remaining Circuit City inventory have also become the target of consumer complaints, not only for often-uncompetitive pricing of items but also for an "all sales final" policy which allows the sale of defective or damaged merchandise at former Circuit City locations with no recourse afforded to the consumer.


title: Circuit City

text: Due to the expansion of Circuit City stores in the 1970s-1990s, the company accumulated a surplus of unused real estate with a presence in nearly every major market in the country. Although a typical retail location is approximately 30,000 square feet (2700 m), the company had numerous freestanding and in-line locations ranging from 2,000 to 50,000 square feet (180 to 4500 m), and had surplus office, service and distribution locations scattered across the country. During Circuit City's 2005 fiscal year (March 1, 2004 through February 28, 2005), the company disposed of approximately 1.2 million square feet (108,000 m) of vacant retail space. In January 2007, Circuit City's vice president for real estate announced plans to open 200–300 stores in the next two years, a large increase from the current trend of 10–12 stores a year. Due to the economic conditions the company faced, they did not reach that goal. Many of these stores, however, did open in 2008 and operated for only a few weeks before closing. Some were built and never opened and upon the company's declaration of bankruptcy, it was discovered that large expenditures were due to paying leases on buildings that were not even opened to the public.


title: Circuit City

text: In January 2010, the main Circuit City headquarters building was put up for sale. The five-story office building, "Deep Run I", had been appraised at $46.2 million. New York–based Lexington Property Trust defaulted on a $17 million commercial mortgage and the lender foreclosed on the property. The asking price was set at $11 million. The former headquarters was sold in September 2010, for $3 million to DRCC Properties, LLC. They also bought the of land that the building sits on for $2.75 million.


title: Speed metal

text: Speed metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that originated in the late 1970s from new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) roots. It is described by AllMusic as "extremely fast, abrasive, and technically demanding" music.


title: Speed metal

text: It is usually considered less abrasive and more melodic than thrash metal, showing less influence from hardcore punk. However, speed metal is usually faster and more aggressive than traditional heavy metal, also showing more inclination to virtuoso soloing and featuring short instrumental passages between couplets. Speed metal songs frequently make use of highly expressive vocals, but are usually less likely to employ "harsh" vocals than thrash metal songs.


title: Speed metal

text: One of the key influences on the development of speed metal was the new wave of British heavy metal, or NWOBHM. This was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in Britain, and achieved international attention by the early 1980s. NWOBHM bands toned down the blues influences of earlier acts, incorporated elements of punk, increased the tempo, and adopted a "tougher" sound, taking a harder approach to their music.


title: Speed metal

text: It was an era directed almost exclusively at heavy metal fans and is considered to be a major foundation stone for the extreme metal genres.


title: Speed metal

text: The NWOBHM came to dominate the heavy metal scene of the early-mid-1980s. It was musically characterized by fast upbeat tempo songs, power chords, fast guitar solos and melodic, soaring vocals. Groups such as Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Venom, Saxon and Motörhead as well as many lesser-known ones, became part of the canon that influenced American bands that formed in the early eighties.


title: Speed metal

text: Motörhead is often credited as the first band to play speed metal in the mid-1970s. The Sweet released "Sweet F.A." and "Set Me Free" in April of 1974 which heavily influenced speed metal later in the decade. Some of speed metal's earlier influences include Black Sabbath's "Children of the Grave" and "Symptom of the Universe", Budgie's "Breadfan" and Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy" (the latter two were eventually covered by the thrash metal band Metallica), as well as certain Deep Purple songs such as "Speed King", "Fireball" and "Highway Star". The latter was called "early speed metal" by Robb Reiner of speed metal band Anvil.


title: Speed metal

text: The origin of the genre's name is the aptly named "Speed King" by Deep Purple. Recording on the song started in 1969 making it nearly a full decade ahead of the musical style being recognized. The song is not only very fast and technical but was also extremely loud creating noticeable distortion in the recording process. The title song for the band's next album, "Fireball", is a further refinement of the band's influence with drummer Ian Paice's use of the double bass drum. The way the double bass drum is played in "Fireball"—uptempo "four on the floor"—became a mainstay in many heavy, speed and thrash metal songs in the years that followed.


title: Speed metal

text: This is the only Deep Purple song that employs the double bass drum, and the video from the band shows them actually bring out the second bass as needed to play the song. While speedy, technical playing did not dominate Deep Purple's music, they clearly were the inventors of rock that was fast, technical and loud. Those characteristics would become the hallmarks of speed metal. The name of the origin song, "Speed King" would have also played a role in the genre's naming. At the very least, the band acknowledged what they were doing which was a radical departure from all prior rock music.


title: Speed metal

text: Black Sabbath are a British heavy metal band from Birmingham, England and are often cited as one of the grandfathers of the genre. Though usually known for playing a fairly slow, sludgy tempo, "After Forever" is a very up-tempo song with a much faster pace than other songs in their catalogue. Still in certain other songs such as "Electric Funeral", "Into the Void" and "Under the Sun (Every Day Comes and Goes)" there is a section in the middle of the song that shifts away from the core music and plays a much faster pace than in the rest of the song, then returns to the original melody. There are those who believe that their song "Symptom of the Universe" from their 1975 release "Sabotage" album is the first true example of a speed metal song.


title: Speed metal

text: Judas Priest are a British heavy metal band, also formed in Birmingham, England, that often played faster than most rock groups of the time and brought a more "metallic" sound to the guitars. Some songs, such as 1978's "Exciter", were groundbreaking for their sheer ferocity and speed; few, if any, bands exempting Motörhead played with the same tempo.


title: Speed metal

text: Exciter (who took their name from the aforementioned Judas Priest song) is a Canadian speed metal band from Ottawa, Ontario, which was formed in 1978. They are widely considered to be one of the first speed metal bands and a seminal influence of the thrash metal genre. Anvil are another Canadian speed metal band, from Toronto, Ontario, who also formed in 1978. To date, the band has released seventeen studio albums, and has been cited as having influenced many notable thrash metal groups, including Metallica, Anthrax, Slayer and Megadeth.


title: Speed metal

text: Accept is a German heavy metal band which played an important role in the development of speed and thrash metal, being part of the German heavy metal scene, which emerged in the early to mid-1980s. Of particular importance was their 1982 track "Fast as a Shark".


title: Speed metal

text: Speed metal eventually evolved into thrash metal. Although many tend to equate the two subgenres, others argue that there is a distinct difference between them. In his book "", Ian Christe states that "...thrash metal relies more on long, wrenching rhythmic breaks, while speed metal... is a cleaner and more musically intricate subcategory, still loyal to the dueling melodies of classic metal." However, on the very next page, Christe calls speed metal a "subset of thrash metal" and argues that "There was little intrinsic difference between speed metal and thrash metal. With the sudden boom of fast, raging bands, however, it sometimes helped to distinguish between the throbbing, rhythm-heavy thrash metal and something a bit cleaner and more melodic--dubbed speed metal."


title: Speed metal

text: Some may argue that first wave black metal bands such as Venom, Sodom, and Bathory were speed metal and that black metal evolved as an extreme form of speed metal. Speed metal also played a major role in formation of power metal, with Helloween's, one of the "big four" of power metal, first two albums being speed metal, or speed-metal adjacent, in the case of .


title: Speed metal

text: Speed metal's sound varied between various regional scenes. European bands leaned towards the sound of bands like Venom and Motörhead. Japanese bands had a more melodic sound that resembled power metal. North American bands had a faster, more aggressive sound that would later influence the thrash metal movement.


title: Speed metal

text: printed the Speed Metal Swirl on the cover of 18 of their releases. It was a marketing idea by label founder Michel Meese and put together by Gunther Woschank, likely made from an existing design which has been found on a 1976 Shediac, New Brunswick phone book, with the words Speed Metal added.


title: Dignity

text: Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. It is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity".


title: Dignity

text: The English word "dignity", attested from the early 13th century, comes from Latin "dignitas" (worthiness)


title: Dignity

text: English-speakers often use the word "dignity" in proscriptive and cautionary ways: for example, in politics it can be used to critique the treatment of oppressed and vulnerable groups and peoples, but it has also been applied to cultures and sub-cultures, to religious beliefs and ideals, and even to animals used for food or research.


title: Dignity

text: "Dignity" also has descriptive meanings pertaining to the "worth" of human beings. In general, the term has various functions and meanings depending on how the term is used and on the context.


title: Dignity

text: In ordinary modern usage, the word denotes "respect" and "status", and it is often used to suggest that someone is not receiving a proper degree of respect, or even that they are failing to treat themselves with proper self-respect. There is also a long history of special philosophical use of this term. However, it is rarely defined outright in political, legal, and scientific discussions. International proclamations have thus far left dignity undefined,


title: Dignity

text: and scientific commentators, such as those arguing against genetic research and algeny, cite dignity as a reason but are ambiguous about its application.


title: Dignity

text: Some of the practices that violate human dignity include torture, rape, social exclusion, labor exploitation, bonded labor, and slavery.


title: Dignity

text: Both absolute and relative poverty are violations of human dignity, although they also have other significant dimensions, such as social injustice. Absolute poverty is associated with overt exploitation and connected to humiliation (for example, being forced to eat food from other people's garbage), but being dependent upon others to stay alive is a violation of dignity even in the absence of more direct violations. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is a violation because the cumulative experience of not being able to afford the same clothes, entertainment, social events, education, or other features of typical life in that society results in subtle humiliation; social rejection; marginalization; and consequently, a diminished self-respect.


title: Dignity

text: Another example of violation of human dignity, especially for women in developing countries, is lack of sanitation. Having no access to toilets leaves currently about 1 billion people of the world with no choice other than to defecation in the open, which has been declared by the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations as an affront to personal dignity. Human dignity is also violated by the practice of employing people in India for "manual scavenging" of human excreta from unsanitary toiletsusually by people of a lower caste, and more often by women than men. Female genital mutilation (FGM) has been considered by Pope Francis I to be an example of a practice that violates human dignity.


title: Dignity

text: The movie "The Magic Christian" depicts a wealthy man (Peter Sellers) and his son (Ringo Starr) who test the limits of dignity by forcing people to perform self-degrading acts for money. The "Simpsons" episode "Homer vs. Dignity" has a similar plot.


title: Dignity

text: A philosopher of the Renaissance, Pico della Mirandola, granted dignity to ideas and to beings. In his "Oration on the Dignity of Man", he told hostile clerics about the dignity of the liberal arts and about the dignity and the glory of angels. His comments implied the dignity of philosophers. This oration is commonly seen as one of the central texts of the Renaissance, intimately tied with the growth of humanist philosophies.