title: The Reverend

text: The use of the Christian terms "Reverend" and "minister" for the rabbi of a congregation was common in Classical Reform Judaism and in the British Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries, especially if the rabbi had attended a Western-style seminary or university rather than a traditional yeshiva.


title: The Reverend

text: Some small communities without a rabbi may be led by a "hazzan" (cantor), who is addressed (in English) as "Reverend". For this reason, and because "hazzanim" are often recognized as clergy by secular authorities for purposes such as registering marriages; other hazzanim may be addressed as Reverend, although Cantor is more common.


title: Medalion Rahimi

text: Medalion Rahimi (born July 15, 1992) is an American actress of Iranian descent. She is known for playing Princess Isabella on the 2017 ABC Shonda Rhimes show "Still Star-Crossed", and Elody in the 2017 feature film "Before I Fall". In 2014 and 2018 she had guest appearances on the CBS crime dramas "NCIS" and its spinoff "". In 2019, she played the recurring role of Special Agent Fatima Namazi in the franchise's other spinoff, "". In February 2020, it was announced that she would be a regular on the show.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The Naked Brothers Band is an American musical comedy television series created by Polly Draper, which aired on Nickelodeon from February 3, 2007, to June 13, 2009. It depicts the daily lives of Draper's sons, who lead a faux world-renowned children's rock band in New York City. As a mockumentary, the storyline is an embellished satire of their real lives, and the fictional presence of a camera is often acknowledged. The show stars Nat Wolff and Alex Wolff, the lead singer-songwriter and drummer, respectively. Nat's fictional female interest (Allie DiMeco) and real-life friends Thomas Batuello, David Levi, and Cooper Pillot, as well as Qaasim Middleton—who has no prior acquaintance with the family—are featured as the other band members, with Draper's jazz musician husband Michael Wolff as his sons' widowed accordion-playing dad and her niece Jesse Draper portraying the group's babysitter.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The series is a spin-off of Draper's that was picked up by the network, premiering in January 2007. Draper, known for her starring role in "Thirtysomething", is executive producer; she serves as showrunner, and often writer and director. Albie Hecht, former president of Nickelodeon and Spike TV, is the other executive producer, under his Worldwide Biggies tag. Michael Wolff, who led the band on "The Arsenio Hall Show", serves as co-executive producer and music supervisor, with Draper's brother Tim as consulting producer.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: When the show debuted on the channel, it aired two episodes, garnering 3.7 million viewers. Viacom announced, the "series delivered Nickelodeon's highest-rated premiere in seven years" and it became favorable for children aged 6–11. Following the show's premiere, the band's song "Crazy Car" was placed on the "Billboard" Hot 100 charts, and the first and second season soundtrack albums were on the top 200 "Billboard" charts. "The Naked Brothers Band" was nominated for several awards, earning a Broadcast Music, Inc. Award and one Writers Guild of America Award. The series concluded after three seasons because the network began placing high shooting demands on the family that would disrupt the siblings' schooling.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The series' title derived from an incident when the brothers were very young: they came out of the bathtub and said, "We're the naked brothers band!" Although Nat revised the band's title to The Silver Boulders in preschool, Polly Draper revived it as she felt it would be more suitable for the show.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Nat's music, which he has been composing at the piano from the time he was 5, emboldens the scripts Draper writes for most episodes. She also acknowledges how the series differs from other children's shows in terms of not using a laugh track.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Draper explains the events that precede the show: "Nat decided he wanted to film his own sitcom, so we did a film called "Don’t Eat Off My Plate". I pretended to interview his friends and do a documentary." Following the home video, Draper had the idea of making a mockumentary film about the band; she decided to introduce them as music icons like the Beatles. Filmed in mid-2004, the movie was originally independent, and interior scenes were vastly filmed in the family's apartment. Draper's brother, Tim, a venture capitalist, invested in the shoot, and she and her husband Michael Wolff's famous celebrity friends are featured making cameo appearances.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: In late 2005, Draper and Wolff entered the film at the Hamptons International Film Festival, where it received high applause from the audience. Former Nickelodeon president Albie Hecht attended the screening; he sold the film to Nickelodeon, and proposed developing a television series based on it. The network was eager to buy the film after Hecht and his agent conducted market research by designing an animated video of Nat's song "Crazy Car" that revealed substantial success with children, but when urging the family to start working on the series, Draper and Wolff were initially reluctant to allow their children in the industry. The family later decided to proceed, however, under certain conditions, which Nickeledon network approved.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Principal photography takes place at Kidzhouse Entertainment, the stage one division of Broadway Stages in Brooklyn, New York over the summer and early fall. That way, the boys are able to continue attending private school throughout most of the year.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Being the showrunner—or leading executive producer, Polly Draper oversees the casting, manages the writers room, edits scripts, and conveys storyline ideas for each episode. In addition to Draper serving as head writer, the other writers for the series previously scripted other TV shows for Nickelodeon; they include Magda Liolis, Michael Rubiner and Bob Mittenthal, and Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi. McRobb and Viscardi only penned the script for the first season, two-part episode TV movie "Battle of the Bands", and by the third season, Mittenthal emerged as a senior writer, earning the title of co-executive producer.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Albie Hecht is the other executive producer; his production company Worldwide Biggies distributes the series, in association with Nickelodeon Television. Michael Wolff, a jazz musician often noted for leading the band on "The Arsenio Hall Show", also serves as co-executive producer, with Tim Draper as consulting producer. Production facilities producers Ken H. Keller, and his wife Caron Rudner—also the line producer—own the filming studio, Kidzhouse Entertainment, which is another distributor for the show.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Draper and Melanie Mayron, both known for co-starring in "Thirtysomething", were the directors for the first season. During the second season, Jonathan Judge was added on as a third director. The last episode Mayron directed for the latter season, and thus the series, featured her as a fan on the radio (by providing the voice over). By the third season, Draper and Judge directed every other TV movie, with Mark Salisbury directing the initial animated special, and Rosario Roveto, Jr. directing the concluding episode.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Draper managed to also keep an eye on her two boys. For example, the cast was filming an episode that featured the band recording a video; Nat, who did not want to make out in the scene due to his crush Rosalina watching, mistakenly smooches her. He then confesses to his mother that he was puzzled as to what the instructions were. The scene being filmed was that of the first season's ninth episode "First Kiss (On the Lips, That is)", which was directed by Melanie Mayron. In another instance, during production for the fourth episode of the second season, as the boys play restlessly on a purple sofa, their mother (who was not directing the episode) admonishes them over the loudspeaker by saying, "Both of you, try to smile more."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: According to "New York Times" author Felicia R. Lee, the siblings act "chatty, guileless, fun-loving", much as they do in their genuine lives. She also notes that, of the show's characters, "no one over 18 has much sense." Draper's role as creator—the developer of the original characters—allowed her to contemplate her boys' fictional birth mother as deceased; her name is never revealed. However, in the show, the boys' father is infatuated with an estranged lady named Betty. Moreover, although portraying fictional characters, the ensemble cast—including Qaasim Middleton, as well as real-life friends David Levi, Joshua Kaye, Thomas Batuello, and Cooper Pillot—keep their full names on-screen. Nonetheless, Allie DiMeco plays Rosalina; the siblings' cousin Jesse Draper portrays Jesse Cook; and Michael Wolff plays the siblings' father, Sonny, the latter whom Draper notes she wrote similar to that of a child.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The Timmerman Brothers—a band no longer famous—consists of three siblings, who in real life are Polly's nephews, Nat and Alex's cousins, and thus Jesse's brothers and cousin. In addition, Jesse's real-life father, Polly's brother, and thus Nat and Alex's uncle reoccurs as the school principal. Jesse's sister and cousin have been added as recurring stars during the second season. They play Jesse's sisters named Tessy and Bessy who appear as the dancing girls in Alex's new music video.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: In addition, Qaasim's real-life mother, the actress and singer-songwriter Toni Seawright, as well as his younger brother Kahlil (also an actor and musician) appear as themselves during the second season, while Seawright reprises her role in the third season. Thomas' real-life younger brother, John, also reoccurs as himself during the second season.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: During a family interview in January 2008 by "New York Times" reporter Jacques Steinberg, Nat notes the French bulldog E.T., who plays David Levi's dog in the show, belongs to the Draper-Wolff family in real life.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Craig Cobb is the picture editor for the series; he was also the assistant editor for "Sex and the City".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Cobb worked with supervising sound editor Louis Bertini, who had been the editor for "Sex and The City". Of the editing process, Bertini explains that editing the show was not much different from editing "Sex and the City"; they brought a similar "approach and constriction to the audio elements", although unlike "Sex in the City", the show had a "larger cartoon element". However, Cobb considered the editing to be a challenge because he felt that a certain degree of unscripted "magic on set" existed that required more work. Because most of the children on the series are not professional actors—in addition to the music that was to be added—the editing process created a situation that was somewhat "messy". Nonetheless, Cobb believed the combination of factors created a "magic" of its own "and it's what makes this show really shine".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: When an episode completed filming, Cobb edited on the Final Cut Pro application, which normally took four days to complete. Bertini—who spent the same amount of time editing—then converted unnecessary script and added sound effects. Cobb says, "The SD workflow was the plan for the 2008 season, but that has changed. We're working in SD with the ProRes 422 codec, so we're cutting in a broadcast-quality format that we'll later output without having to recapture all the footage."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Nat and Alex sing, compose, and perform all of the show's music, with Nat's song "If That's Not Love" serving as the theme song. Their father contributes the underscore and supervises the music; he also produces it with Michael A. Levine. The series' music editor, John Davis coordinates the songs' musical numbers, and Amy Cervini and Russ Spiegel are the music instructors.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The pilot was originally an independent film shot in mid-2004 depicting Nat and Alex Wolff when they were nine and six years old respectively, along with Nat's friends and the other band members Joshua Kaye, David Levi, Thomas Batuello, and Cooper Pillot. They film a documentary about their world-renowned band, The Silver Boulders, as they fracture due to Nat's song about a girl named Rosalina (Allie DiMeco). Later on, the band ends up adding Rosalina and Cole Hawkins, reuniting as The Naked Brothers Band.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Famous celebrities either acknowledge they are huge fans of the band or appear with other supporting roles; in real life, they have either worked or are friends with the Draper-Wolff family. These special guests are Cindy Blackman, Ann Curry, Arsenio Hall, Ricki Lake, Cyndi Lauper, Julianne Moore, Brent Popolizio, Tony Shalhoub, Lauper's husband David Thornton, Uma Thurman, jazz singer Nancy Wilson, and the ensemble cast of "Thirtysomething" (particularly, Timothy Busfield, Draper, Mel Harris, Peter Horton, Melanie Mayron, Ken Olin, and Patricia Wettig).


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The first season aired 13 episodes and 1 TV special. It debuted in February 2007 and originally concluded with the tenth episode, "The Song", in June; however, a two-part episode, television movie "Battle of the Bands" and one additional episode titled "Alien Clones" broadcast that following October.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The first season features Nat and his younger brother Alex, who are 11 and 8 years old, respectively. David, Thomas, and Cooper are also 11. Qaasim is 10 and Rosalina is 13. Daniel Raymont plays the role of the music video director, and Tuffy Questall portrays Tuffy, the driver of the band's psychedelic bus. The first season also has guest appearances by radio host Matt Pinfield, rap artist Snoop Dogg, comedian George Lopez, and actor and musician Keli Price.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The first season's premise is that the group is recording their first studio album as well as starring in several music videos to promote it. In the first episode "VMAs", Alex is horrified by his horoscope Jesse reads to him, and the band's music video for their song "Banana Smoothie" wins an MTV Video Music Award at the end. In later episodes, Nat's initial attempts at stand up comedy fails before receiving advise from George Lopez. Throughout the season, Nat does not like when David and Thomas ridicule his affection for Rosalina. Although neither admits their feelings for each other, it becomes quite obvious that Nat and Rosalina like each other. As time goes on, Rosalina kisses Nat on the lips in his dressing room.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Moreover, Alex becomes mad and runs away when Jesse dates The Timmerman Brothers. Along the way, Alex becomes friends with an orphan named Juanita at a skatepark. When the boys' father arrives back from his overnight vacation, he starts dating an estranged lady named Betty, who Cooper and Jesse initially hired to clean the mess in the Wolff family's apartment without much success. In addition to a "Battle of The Bands" between The Naked Brothers Band and The LA Surfers (the latter featuring lead singer Bobby Love, a manipulative con artist who tries to steal Nat's girl friend), the season ends with Nat and his band performing at a charity event they put together for Juanita and her foster family.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: During the second season, 13 episodes and 2 TV specials aired, beginning with the two-part episode, TV movie "Sidekicks" in January 2008 before ending that following June with the three-part episode, TV movie "Polar Bears".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: In the second season, Nat is 12 and Alex is 9. Rosalina is 14, Qaasim is 11, and Thomas, David, and Cooper are 12. Guest stars for the season include syndicated cartoonist Jules Feiffer, musician Joel Madden, skateboarder Tony Hawk, George Lopez, Matt Pinfield, and musician Phil Collins. During the first half of the season, Daniel Raymont portrays Wing with Teala Dunn and Emily Richardson returning as Juanita and Patty Scoggins, respectively. When the band goes on tour, the tour driver Tuffy (Tuffy Questall) takes on more of a lead recurring role.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The second season begins with a school masquerade party and prom. In later episodes, Nat, Alex, and Cooper have dates at a local movie theater; during a live talk show, the siblings, alongside Joel Madden and a girl, who is a critical news reporter, compose a song together at the piano; Cooper has a Bar Mitzvah; and Mr. Wolff's girl friend rejects him after meeting his twin brother, Miles, who is a successful jazz pianist. In addition, the band starts prepping for their tour with several band rehearsals. Prior to leaving on their tour bus, the band members are conflicted with personal issues: Mr. Wolff is still coping from his break up with Betty, David is upset about leaving his dog, E.T. behind, and Rosalina is worried about the possibility of not saying "good bye" to her father. Nonetheless, all of their concerns work themselves out: George Lopez advises Mr. Wolff to continue his passion for playing the accordion despite his break up, Tuffy ends up allowing David to bring his dog, and Rosalina's father makes it to the stop before the bus leaves.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Following several concert performances (including one at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, as well as a state county fair), the TV movie "Polar Bears" depicts the ending of the band's tour in New Orleans, Louisiana, where they — along with their babysitter, Jesse — reunite with the siblings' father and old family friends of the Wolffs' who are victims of Hurricane Katrina. On the ride down there, Jesse accidentally has Alex watch "An Inconvenient Truth" and, after viewing it, he becomes very concerned about the polar bears potentially becoming extinct due to global warming. During their visit, Mr. Wolff's friend's older daughter, as well as Nat, Qaasim, and Rosalina encounter misinterpretations over their romantic interests before they are resolved, and the band ends up donating the money raised from their performance at an elaborate-styled ballroom to a charity supporting climate change.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The third season began with the television movie "Mystery Girl", which premiered in October 2008. It also aired 3 other TV movies, 1 animated TV special, 1 special webisode, and 3 other episodes, concluding with "No School's Fools Day" in June 2009.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: In this season, Nat, Thomas, David, and Cooper are 13 with Qaasim being 12, while Alex is 10 and Rosalina is 15. The season features an array of celebrities making cameo appearances, including actresses Miranda Cosgrove and Whoopi Goldberg, singer Natasha Bedingfield, and musicians David Desrosiers and Simon Kirke. Other celebrity appearances include musicians Tobin Esperance and Questlove, actor and musician Leon Thomas, actress Victoria Justice, and talk show host Dave Attell. Daniel Raymont, Tuffy Questall, Teala Dunn, Catherine Curtin, and Matt Pinfield all return, with Andrew Keenan-Bolger portraying Christophe, the director of the new "Magical Mystery Girl Movie".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The new season depicts the band shooting their initial theatrical film called the "Magical Mystery Girl Movie". Nat stars as Daniel, Rosalina as herself, Miranda Cosgrove as Daniel's girl friend, Alex as Oliver, Juanita as the girl in Oliver's new music video, with Mr. Wolff and Jesse playing themselves and Principle Schmoke and Tuffy portraying sumo wrestlers in diapers. Christophe is the stubborn director; he is later overthrown and replaced by Cooper, the producer of the movie. Christophe appears again in "The Premiere" when he pilfers the movie's metal film cassette.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: On the other hand, Rosalina temporarily leaves the band to travel on a worldwide cruise. During her trip, the band members read the newspaper and the front cover depicts Rosalina kissing a French man. When Rosalina returns to visit, she and Nat have an internal dispute and Rosalina subsequently quits the band. Because of this, the group must find a new bass player. Cooper calls for a "Naked Idol" contest and the outfit selects Kristina Reyes as their new bassist. However, Nat later makes up with Rosalina and she rejoins the band while retaining Kristina as well. "The Premiere" TV movie ends with them watching the "Magical Mystery Girl Movie" in the theaters as well as the band performing Nat's new song "Just a Girl I Know".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Albie Hecht foreshadowed the success of the series after watching the film at the Hamptons International Film Festival. In an article, he told "New York Times" reporter Felicia R. Lee: "They're just real: real brothers, real friends; it's all the stuff kids do when they're hanging out on the playground. The idea that you're watching a documentary is so much fun. Then you put them into that fantasy of being a world-famous rock band, and that's the sauce that makes it work."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Moreover, before the show's debut, "a fan recognized Nat and Alex in a Florida hotel. She sent them a note: 'Are you the Naked Brothers?' 'They were so excited,' Polly Draper recalled. 'The show hasn't even aired yet and now walking down the streets kids are calling out their names. They can't believe it.' "


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: According to Nat, "After the show came on, people began to really treat us like huge rock stars. They'd scream on the street, and we'd look behind us to see what they were screaming about, because we didn't realize it was us." The family encountered an incident in the past; they had to delist and change their phone number in Lower Manhattan because fans worldwide were calling their apartment relentlessly. Draper recalls, "Little girls would call and say, 'Helloooo, is [Nat] there? We just love him.' The only thing that's comforting is, they're pretty harmless at that age."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: On January 25, 2007, Felicia R. Lee from "The New York Times" called both the film and television series, "an ebullient mock documentary", while "Variety" reporter Laura Fries states, "the band does its best to re-create the frenetic whimsy of The Monkees while maintaining its kid-like sensibilities. The plots are of little consequence and, like The Monkees, the show is an amalgam of silent movie shenanigans, music videos and cartoon-like antics." She also acknowledges how "satire for kids is tricky business, especially when the target audience is still grappling with issues regarding truth and imagination vs. reality. This fake rock 'n' roll world these young kids are thrown into makes for a creative premise, but often puts the stars a little too close to adult situations. [T]he physical comedy and gross out humor works, although at times, 'Naked Brothers Band' can feel like an inside joke gone awry."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: In regard to the songs featured in the series, Laura Fries notes, "The songs, actually written by Nat, may not top the charts, but they're far more tolerable than Kidz Bop and are hard to shake once the show is over. Amazingly, all of the kids here [are] real musicians. If Draper really wants to create a show business legacy, she should sell her secrets on how to get kids to practice their musical instruments." According to a review of the first season soundtrack album by "Entertainment Weekly" reporter Jonathan Bernstein, "If you're the parent of a preteen, you'll assume the Nakeds are this century's Hanson. Yet after perpetual exposure, you'll appreciate the difference — the Nakeds have more psychedelic leanings, and Nat has a McCartneyesque way with a melody — and ultimately agree that they're cuter than anything ever." "The Associated Press" even states that "Nat's knack for hooks and harmonies is impressive for fans of any age. Clearly inspired by their heroes, [T]he Beatles and Bob Marley, the boys paint a vast musical landscape, ranging from the introspective, Nat-penned ballad 'I Indeed Can See' to the whimsical electronic comic relief of 'Alien Clones', courtesy of Alex."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: On October 23, 2005, "The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie" won the audience award for a family feature film at the Hamptons International Film Festival. Of Hecht's attendance, he said, "I could see there was an audience for this. They're real kids, real brothers, making real music."


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Draper received a Writers Guild Award nomination for the episode "Nat is a Stand-Up Guy" in the section of Children's Episodic and Specials in 2008. The following year, in 2009, the TV movie "Polar Bears" won Draper a WGA for Children's Script — Long Form or Special; it was the only one nominated in the category. In 2007, Nat was nominated for Best TV Actor at the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards in the United Kingdom. Moreover, the adult Wolff and his sons received a Broadcast Music, Inc. Cable Award for their work on the show's music. In 2008, the series' cast performed at the KCAs in United States; the following year, Nat was nominated for Favorite TV Actor.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: On February 17, 2007, "Crazy Car" sold more than 100 thousand downloads online; it was placed on the "Billboard Hot 100" charts for seven weeks, and the track was featured on "Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice, Vol 3". The first and second season soundtrack albums, "The Naked Brothers Band" (2007) and "I Don't Want to Go to School" (2008), also ranked the 23rd spot on the top 200 "Billboard" charts, accumulating over 500 thousand sales. The producers of the albums were Michael Wolff and Michael A. Levine, and distributed by Nick Records and Columbia Records.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: On October 8, 2007—the day before "The Naked Brothers Band" debut album released into stores, the band had an autograph signing for 1,500 fans at Virgin Megastore in Times Square, New York City; they also performed their original song "I'm Out" to a live audience on "Good Morning America". Additionally, the group's first MTV music video released for their song "If That's Not Love". To praise the release of their second season soundtrack album, the band performed their song, "I Don't Want to Go to School" live on the NBC morning show "Today".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: During the same month, Nick.com's message boards had 5.3 million pages viewed, causing online madness. The show has three video games online that have been played about 24 million times. Moreover, fans have downloaded over 800 thousand podcasts.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Their unreleased soundtrack, titled "Throwbacks", for the third season was made available free of a charge on their website as an online download in October 2013. The album artist is Nat and Alex Wolff, but it took four years to develop due to the series ending in June 2009.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: The film premiered on the network to 2.7 million viewers, and placed the top 10 spot on the "Nielsen VideoScan" children's non-theatrical DVD charts. It was also broadcast four times, producing a total viewership of 14 million.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: When the show debuted on the channel, it aired two episodes, averaging out to a total viewership of 3.7 million. The first, "VMA's", drew 3.5 million viewers. "Wolff Brother's Cry Wolff" then followed which garnered a total of 3.8 million viewers; the episode gave the channel its most favorable ratings in seven years, and was among the quickest starts for the network. It also acquired the channel as favorable for children aged 6–11; "Nielsen Media Research" calculates—of in that age range—2 million have tuned in to the series' premiere, with 1.3 million watching the following 8 episodes. For all ages, most of the first season attracted 2.8 million viewers per week. From February 12 to 15 in 2007, repeats for the series garnered 4 million viewers; it was the second most-viewed program on the network, and among the top six shows for the week in the 6–11 and 9–14 age groups. According to a PRNewswire article in 2007, the series "quickly became one of the top programs for tweens on television".


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: For all ages, the season one TV movie "Battle of the Bands" was quite successful, garnering a viewership of 3.8 million. The premiere of the second season TV movie "Sidekicks" aired to a total of 3.6 million viewers, with the season's finale TV movie "Polar Bears" drawing 1.7 million viewers for children aged 6–11; the latter was the second most watched show for the week in that age group. The series flourished the most with the debut of the third season TV movie "Mystery Girl", producing a total viewership of 4 million. A month later, the TV movie "Operation Mojo" was broadcast to an audience of 2.8 million viewers. When the season three episode "Valentine Dream Date" aired, it was also successful; 3.2 million people watched it.


title: The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)

text: Although the show's viewership ratings were still high after three seasons, network bosses wanted the family to shoot 30 TV movies for the fourth season. Nevertheless, prior agreements had already been made between Draper, her husband and the staff at Nickelodeon that filming would not interfere with the boys' school schedule by shooting 13 episodes each season. Network executives chose no longer to conform to the family's demands, prompting Draper and Wolff to cancel the series in 2009. Of the cancellation, no details were publicized by either the family or network until Nat disclosed the incident to the press in 2013.


title: Compsognathus

text: Compsognathus (; Greek "kompsos"/κομψός; "elegant", "refined" or "dainty", and "gnathos"/γνάθος; "jaw") is a genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur. Members of its single species Compsognathus longipes could grow to around the size of a turkey. They lived about 150 million years ago, during the Tithonian age of the late Jurassic period, in what is now Europe. Paleontologists have found two well-preserved fossils, one in Germany in the 1850s and the second in France more than a century later. Today, "C. longipes" is the only recognized species, although the larger specimen discovered in France in the 1970s was once thought to belong to a separate species and named "C. corallestris".


title: Compsognathus

text: Many presentations still describe "Compsognathus" as "chicken-sized" dinosaurs because of the size of the German specimen, which is now believed to be a juvenile. "Compsognathus longipes" is one of the few dinosaur species whose diet is known with certainty: the remains of small, agile lizards are preserved in the bellies of both specimens. Teeth discovered in Portugal may be further fossil remains of the genus.


title: Compsognathus

text: Although not recognized as such at the time of its discovery, "Compsognathus" is the first theropod dinosaur known from a reasonably complete fossil skeleton. Until the 1990s, it was the smallest-known non-avialan dinosaur, with the preceding centuries incorrectly labelling them as the closest relative of "Archaeopteryx".


title: Compsognathus

text: "Compsognathus" is known from two almost complete skeletons. The German specimen (specimen number BSP AS I 563) stems from limestone deposits in Bavaria and was part of the collection of the physician and fossil collector Joseph Oberndorfer. Oberndorfer lent the specimen to paleontologist Johann A. Wagner, who published a brief discussion in 1859, where he coined the name "Compsognathus longipes". Wagner did not recognise "Compsognathus" as a dinosaur, but instead described it as one of the "most curious forms among the lizards". He published a more detailed description in 1861. In 1866, Oberndorfer's collection, including the "Compsognathus" specimen, was acquired by the paleontological state collection in Munich.


title: Compsognathus

text: Both the year of discovery and the exact locality of the German specimen are unknown, possibly because Oberndorfer did not reveal details of the discovery to prevent other collectors from exploiting the locality. Weathering of the slab on which the fossil is preserved indicates that it was collected from a pile of waste rock left behind by quarrying. The specimen either stems from Jachenhausen or the region Riedenburg–Kehlheim. All possible localities are part of lagoonal deposits of the Painten Formation, and date to the latest part of the late Kimmeridgian or the earlier part of the early Tithonian. In the Jurassic, the region was part of the Solnhofen archipelago. The limestone of the area, the Solnhofen limestone, had been quarried for centuries, and yielded such well-preserved fossils as "Archaeopteryx" with feather impressions and pterosaurs with imprints of their wing membranes.


title: Compsognathus

text: In two publications in 1868 and 1870, Thomas Huxley, a major proponent of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, compared "Compsognathus" with "Archaeopteryx", which was considered the earliest known bird. Following earlier suggestions by Karl Gegenbaur and Edward Drinker Cope, Huxley found that "Archaeopteryx" was closely similar to "Compsognathus", and referred to the latter as a "bird-like reptile". He concluded that birds must have evolved from dinosaurs, an assessment that established "Compsognathus" as one of the most widely known dinosaurs. The specimen has since been studied by many prominent paleontologists, including Othniel Charles Marsh, who visited Munich in 1881. The German paleontologist J.G. Baur, who worked as an assistant of Marsh, removed the right ankle from the slab for illustration and study; this removed part got lost since. Although Baur published a detailed study of the ankle in 1882, which is now the only available source of information of this part of the skeleton, his reconstruction was later found to be inconsistent with corresponding impressions on the slab. John Ostrom thoroughly described the German specimen as well as the newly discovered French specimen in 1978, making "Compsognathus" one of the best-known small theropods at that time.


title: Compsognathus

text: The larger French specimen (MNHN CNJ 79) was discovered in around 1971 in the Portlandian lithographic limestone of Canjuers near Nice.


title: Compsognathus

text: It dates to the lower Tithonian, as indicated by ammonite index fossils. As Solnhofen, Canjures was famous for its limestone plates, which were quarried and sold under the name "dalles de Provence". The specimen was originally part of a large private fossil collection of Louis Ghirardi, the owner of the Canjures quarries. The collection, including the "Compsognathus" specimen, was sold to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris in 1983. Alain Bidar and Gérard Thomel, in a brief 1972 description, announced the new find under a separate species, "Compsognathus corallestris". A more comprehensive description followed in the same year. According to these authors, the new species differed from the German species in its larger size and modified, flipper-like hand. Ostrom, Jean-Guy Michard and others have since relabeled it as another example of "Compsognathus longipes". In 1984, George Callison and Helen Quimby identified the smaller German specimen as a juvenile of the same species.


title: Compsognathus

text: Collector Heinrich Fischer had originally labeled a partial foot consisting of three metatarsals and a phalanx, from the Solnhofen area, as belonging to "Compsognathus longipes". This identification was rejected by Wilhelm Dames, when he described the specimen for the first time in 1884. Friedrich von Huene, in 1925 and 1932, also found that the foot did probably not belong to "Compsognathus" itself but to a closely related genus. Ostrom, in his 1978 monography, questioned the attribution of this fossil to "Compsognathus" once more. Jens Zinke, in 1998, assigned forty-nine isolated teeth from the Guimarota coal mine of Portugal to the genus. Zinke found that these teeth are not identical to those of "Compsognathus longipes", having serrations on the front edge, and thus labeled the teeth as "Compsognathus" sp. (of unknown species).


title: Compsognathus

text: For decades, "Compsognathus" was known as the smallest known non-avian dinosaur, although some dinosaurs discovered later, such as "Mahakala" and "Microraptor", were even smaller. The German specimen was estimated to be and in length by separate authors, while the larger French specimen was estimated at and in length. The height at the hip has been estimated at for the German specimen and at for the French specimen. The German specimen was estimated to have weighed and , and the French specimen and . Compared to other compsognathids, the larger French specimen would have been similar in size to larger "Sinosauropteryx" specimens, but smaller than "Huaxiagnathus" and "Mirischia".


title: Compsognathus

text: "Compsognathus" were small, bipedal animals with long hind legs and longer tails, which they used for balance during locomotion. The forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs. The hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional. Their delicate skulls were narrow and long, with tapered snouts. The skull had five pairs of fenestrae (skull openings), the largest of which was for the orbit (eye socket), with the eyes being larger in proportion to the rest of the skull. The lower jaw was slender and had no mandibular fenestra, a hole in the side of the lower jawbone commonly seen in archosaurs.


title: Compsognathus

text: The teeth were small and pointed, suited for its diet of small vertebrates and possibly other small animals, such as insects. The German specimen had three teeth in each premaxilla (front bone of the lower jaw), 15 or 16 teeth in each maxilla, and 18 teeth in the lower jaw. The French specimen had more teeth, including four in each premaxilla, 17 or 18 in the maxilla, and at least 21 teeth in the dentary. Compsognathids were unique among theropods in having tooth crowns that curved backwards at two thirds of their height, while their mid-parts were straight; also, the crowns had expanded bases. In "Compsognathus", the frontmost teeth of the upper and lower jaws were unserrated, while those further back had fine serrations on their rear edges. In the German specimen, the crowns were around two times higher than wide in the front of the jaws but diminished in height further back, with the last tooth about as high as wide. The German specimen also shows a diastema (tooth gap) behind the first three teeth of the premaxilla. As such a gap was not present in the French specimen, Peyer suggested that additional teeth were possibly present in this region the German specimen.


title: Compsognathus

text: The number of digits on the hand of "Compsognathus" has been a source of debate. For much of its history, "Compsognathus" was typically depicted with three digits, as is typical for theropods. However, the type specimen only preserved phalanges from the first two digits, leading to the suggestion that "Compsognathus" bore only two functional digits, with the third metacarpal being extremely slender and reduced. Study of the French specimen indicated that the third digit bore at least one or two small phalanges. However, there remains no evidence for an ungual phalanx on the third digit, so the digit may have been reduced and non-functional.


title: Compsognathus

text: Some relatives of "Compsognathus", namely "Sinosauropteryx" and "Sinocalliopteryx", have been preserved with the remains of simple feathers covering the body like fur, prompting some scientists to suggest that "Compsognathus" might have been feathered in a similar way. Consequently, many depictions of "Compsognathus" show them with coverings of downy proto-feathers. However, no feathers or feather-like covering have been preserved with "Compsognathus" fossils, in contrast to "Archaeopteryx", which are found in the same sediments. Karin Peyer, in 2006, reported skin impressions preserved on the side of the tail starting at the 13th tail vertebra. The impressions showed small bumpy tubercles, similar to the scales found on the tail and hind legs of "Juravenator". Additional scales had in 1901 been reported by Von Huene, in the abdominal region of the German "Compsognathus", but Ostrom subsequently disproved this interpretation; in 2012 they were by Achim Reisdorf seen as plaques of adipocere, corpse wax.


title: Compsognathus

text: Like "Compsognathus", and unlike "Sinosauropteryx", a patch of fossilized skin from the tail and hindlimb of the possible relative "Juravenator starki" shows mainly scales, though there is some indication that simple feathers were also present in the preserved areas. This may mean that a feather covering was not ubiquitous in this group of dinosaurs, or maybe that some species had fewer feathers than others.


title: Compsognathus

text: Originally classified as a lizard, the dinosaurian affinities of "Compsognathus" were first noted by Gegenbaur, Cope, and Huxley between 1863 and 1868. Cope, in 1870, classified "Compsognathus" within a new clade of dinosaurs, the Symphypoda, which also contained "Ornithotarsus" (today classified as "Hadrosaurus"). Later, both genera were found to belong to other groups of Cope's classification of dinosaurs: "Compsognathus" to the Gonipoda (equivalent to Theropoda, in which it is now classified), and "Ornithotarsus" to the Orthopoda (equivalent to Ornithischia). Huxley, in 1870, rejected Cope's dinosaur classification scheme, and instead proposed the new clade Ornithoscelida, in which he included the Dinosauria (comprising several forms now considered as ornithischians) and another new clade, the Compsognatha, which contained "Compsognathus" as the only member. Later, these groups fell into disuse, although a resurrection of the Ornithoscelida was proposed in 2017. The group Compsognatha was used for the last time by Marsh in a 1896 publication, where it was treated as a suborder of Theropoda. In the same publication, Marsh erected the new family Compsognathidae. Friedrich von Huene, in 1914, erected the new infraorder Coelurosauria, which includes the Compsognathidae amongst other families of small theropods; this classification remained in use since.


title: Compsognathus

text: The Compsognathidae are a group of mostly small dinosaurs from the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods of China, Europe and South America. For many years, "Compsognathus" was the only member known, but in recent decades paleontologists have discovered several related genera. The clade includes "Aristosuchus", "Huaxiagnathus", "Mirischia", "Sinosauropteryx", and perhaps "Juravenator" and "Scipionyx". At one time, "Mononykus" was proposed as a member of the family, but this was rejected by Chen and coauthors in a 1998 paper; they considered the similarities between "Mononykus" and the compsognathids to be an example of convergent evolution. The position of "Compsognathus" and its relatives within the coelurosaur group is uncertain. Some, such as theropod expert Thomas Holtz Jr. and co-authors Ralph Molnar and Phil Currie in the landmark 2004 text "Dinosauria", hold the family as the most basal of the coelurosaurs, while others as part of the Maniraptora.


title: Compsognathus

text: For almost a century, "Compsognathus longipes" was the only well-known small theropod species. This led to comparisons with "Archaeopteryx" and to suggestions of an especially close relationship with birds. In fact, "Compsognathus", rather than "Archaeopteryx", piqued Huxley's interest in the origin of birds. The two animals share similarities in shape and proportions, so many in fact that two specimens of "Archaeopteryx", the "Eichstätt" and the "Solnhofen", were for a time misidentified as those of "Compsognathus". Many other types of theropod dinosaurs, such as maniraptorans, are now known to have been more closely related to birds.


title: Compsognathus

text: Below is a simplified cladogram placing "Compsognathus" in Compsognathidae by Senter "et al." in 2012.


title: Compsognathus

text: In a 2001 study conducted by Bruce Rothschild and other paleontologists, nine foot bones referred to "Compsognathus" were examined for signs of stress fracture, but none were found.


title: Compsognathus

text: Bidar and colleagues, in their 1972 description of the French specimen, argued that this specimen had webbed hands which would look like flippers in life. This interpretation was based on a supposed impression of the flipper that consists of several undulating wrinkles running parallel to the forelimb on the surface of the slab. In a 1975 popular book, L. Beverly Halstead depicts the animal as an amphibious dinosaur capable of feeding on aquatic prey and swimming out of reach of larger predators. Ostrom debunked this hypothesis, noting that the forelimb of the French specimen is poorly preserved, and that the wrinkles extend well beyond the skeleton and thus are likely sedimentary structures unrelated to the fossil.


title: Compsognathus

text: The remains of a lizard in the German specimen's thoracic cavity show that "Compsognathus" preyed on small vertebrates. Marsh, who examined the specimen in 1881, thought that this small skeleton in the "Compsognathus" belly was an embryo, but in 1903, Franz Nopcsa concluded that it was a lizard. Ostrom identified the remains as belonging to a lizard of the genus "Bavarisaurus", which he concluded was a fast and agile runner owing to its long tail and limb proportions. This in turn led to the conclusion that its predators, "Compsognathus", must have had sharp vision and the ability to rapidly accelerate and outrun the lizard. Conrad made the lizard found in the thoracic cavity of the German specimen of "Compsognathus" the holotype of a new species "Schoenesmahl dyspepsia". The lizard is in a single piece, indicating that the "Compsognathus" must have swallowed its prey whole. The French specimen's gastric contents consist of unidentified lizards or sphenodontids.


title: Compsognathus

text: The plate of the German "Compsognathus" shows several circular irregularities in diameter near the skeletal remains. Peter Griffiths interpreted them as immature eggs in 1993. However, later researchers have doubted their connection to the genus because they were found outside the body cavity of the animal. A well-preserved fossil of a "Sinosauropteryx", a genus related to "Compsognathus", shows two oviducts bearing two unlaid eggs. These proportionally larger and less numerous eggs of "Sinosauropteryx" cast further doubt on the original identification of the purported "Compsognathus" eggs. In 1964 German geologist Karl Werner Barthel had explained the discs as gas bubbles formed in the sediment because of the putrefaction of the carcass.


title: Compsognathus

text: In 2007, William Sellers and Phillip Manning estimated a maximum speed of based on a computer model of the skeleton and muscles. This estimate has been criticized by other scholars.


title: Compsognathus

text: During the late Jurassic, Europe was a dry, tropical archipelago at the edge of the Tethys Sea. The fine limestone in which the skeletons of "Compsognathus" have been found originated in calcite from the shells of marine organisms. Both the German and French areas where "Compsognathus" specimens have been preserved were lagoons situated between the beaches and coral reefs of the Jurassic European islands in the Tethys Sea. Contemporaries of "Compsognathus longipes" include the early avialan "Archaeopteryx lithographica" and the pterosaurs "Rhamphorhynchus muensteri" and "Pterodactylus antiquus". The same sediments in which "Compsognathus" have been preserved also contain fossils of a number of marine animals such as fish, crustaceans, echinoderms and marine mollusks, confirming the coastal habitat of this theropod. No other dinosaur has been found in association with "Compsognathus", indicating that these little dinosaurs might in fact have been the top land predator in these islands.


title: Compsognathus

text: Much discussion revolved around the taphonomy of the German specimen, i.e. how the individual died and became fossilized. Reisdorf and Wuttke, in 2012, speculated about the events that lead to the death and transportation of the specimen to its place of burial. First, the individual must have been brought into the lagoon from its habitat, which probably was on the surrounding islands. It is possible that a flash flood swept the animal into the sea, in which case it likely died by drowning. It is also possible that the animal swam or drifted onto the sea, or that it rafted on plants, and was then transported by surface currents to its place of burial. In any case, the specimen would have arrived on the sea floor within a few hours after its death, as otherwise gases forming in its body cavity would have prevented it from sinking in one piece. Water depth at the burial site would have been large enough to prevent refloating of the carcass after such gases were produced. Rounded structures on the slab might have been formed by the release of these gases.


title: Compsognathus

text: Taphonomic reconstructions are complicated as the exact locality and the position and orientation of the fossil within the sediments is no longer known. As a compression fossil, the specimen would originally have been preserved on both the upper surface of a layer and the lower surface of the subsequent layer (i.e., on a slab and its counter-slab); the counter-slab is now lost. Reisdorf and Wuttke, in 2012, argued that the front and hind limbs of the left side of the body were better (still connected together) than those of the right side. This suggests that the specimen is located on the bottom side of the upper slab, and was lying on its left side. The German specimen was preserved with a high degree of articulation – only the skull, hands, cervical ribs and gastralia show disarticulation. The braincase was displaced behind the skull, the first tail vertebra was rotated by 90°, and the tail shows a break between the seventh and eighth tail vertebra.


title: Compsognathus

text: In both "Compsognathus" specimens, the neck is strongly curved, with the head coming to rest above the pelvis; the spine of the tail was likewise curved. This posture, known as the death pose, is found in many vertebrate fossils, and the German "Compsognathus" specimen was central in several studies that sought to explain this phenomenon. The physician Moodie, in 1918, suggested that the death pose in "Compsognathus" and similar fossils was the result of an opisthotonus – death throes causing spastic stiffening of the back musculature – while the animal was dying. This hypothesis was soon challenged by paleontologist Friedrich von Huene, who argued that the death pose was the result of desiccation and therefore occurred only after the death. Peter Wellnhofer, in 1991, argued that death poses resulted from the elastic pull of the ligaments, which are released after death. The veterinarian Cynthia Faux and the paleontologist Kevin Padian, in a 2007 study that gained much attention, supported the original opisthotonus hypothesis of Moodie. These authors furthermore argued that upon death, muscles are relaxed and body parts can be easily moved relative to each other. Since opisthotonic postures are already established during death, they may only be preserved if the animal dies in place and becomes buried rapidly. This contradicts previous interpretations on the environment and taphonomy of "Compsognathus" and other fossils from the Solnhofen limestones, which assumed very slow burial at the bottom of lagoons into which the carcasses were transported from nearby islands. Reisdorf and Wuttke concluded that the death posture indeed resulted from the release of ligaments, more specifically the , which spans the spine from the neck to tail in modern birds. The release of this ligament would have occurred gradually while the surrounding muscle tissue decayed, and only after the carcass was transported to its final site of deposition.


title: Compsognathus

text: The bottom water of the lagoon was likely anaerobic (devoid in oxygen), resulting in a sea floor devoid of life except for microbial mats, and therefore preventing scavenging of the carcass. In the trunk region of the German specimen, the surface of the slab is markedly different in texture to the surrounding areas of the slab, showing irregular, nodular surfaces within depressions. Ostrom, in 1978, interpreted these structures as traces of weathering that took place just before the fossil was collected. Nopcsa, in 1903, instead suggested that these structures resulted from decomposing tissue of the carcass. Reisdorf and Wuttke, in their 2012 study, suggested that the structures are the remains of adipocere (corpse wax formed by bacteria) that formed around the carcass before burial. Such adipocere would have helped in conserving the state of articulation of the fossil for years when burial was very slow. The presence of adipocere would possibly rule out hypersalinity (very high salt contents) of the bottom water, because such conditions appear to be unfavorable for the adipocere producing bacteria.


title: Compsognathus

text: "Compsognathus" is one of the more popular dinosaurs. For a long time it was considered unique in its small size, which is commonly compared to that of a chicken. These animals have appeared in the Jurassic Park franchise: in the movies "", "Jurassic Park III", "" and "Jurassic World Dominion" and in the series "Camp Cretaceous", where they were often nicknamed "Compies". In "The Lost World: Jurassic Park", one of the characters incorrectly identifies the species as ""Compsognathus triassicus"", combining the genus name of "Compsognathus longipes" with the specific name of "Procompsognathus triassicus", a distantly related small carnivore featured in the "Jurassic Park" novels.


title: Matt Sharp

text: Matthew Kelly Sharp (born September 22, 1969) is an American songwriter and musician. Until 1998, he was the bassist for the alternative rock band Weezer, which he cofounded in 1992. He appears on their first two albums, the "Blue Album" (1994) and "Pinkerton" (1996). In 1994, Sharp founded the Rentals, who have released four albums. Sharp has also released an EP and an album as a solo artist.


title: Matt Sharp

text: Matt Sharp was born in Bangkok, Thailand, to American parents on September 22, 1969. The family moved to Arlington, Virginia, when he was one year old. At the age of nine, he made his first musical purchase, a 45 rpm single of the song "Le Freak" by Chic.


title: Matt Sharp

text: In 1989, Sharp started fronting a goth band, the Clique, which lasted less than a year. A few months after the Clique disbanded, Sharp befriended the drummer Patrick Wilson, and they created the band 60 Wrong Sausages. The guitarist Jason Cropper soon joined. At this time, Wilson was also in another band, Fuzz, with the guitarist and vocalist Rivers Cuomo, and Cuomo, Wilson and Sharp shared an apartment. During this time, Sharp worked as a telemarketer.


title: Matt Sharp

text: In mid-1991, Sharp moved north to Berkeley, California, to pursue what the Weezer collaborator Karl Koch described as "some sorta symphonic keyboard sequencing music". In January 1992, Wilson showed Sharp material he and Cuomo had been working on. Impressed, Sharp returned to Los Angeles to join the band. Sharp became the group's bassist and de facto manager.


title: Matt Sharp

text: Cuomo, Wilson, Sharp and Cropper formed Weezer on February 14, 1992. Their first show was on March 19, 1992, closing for Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar. Cuomo gave Sharp one year to get the band a record deal before Cuomo accepted a scholarship at the University of California, Berkeley. In November, Weezer recorded a demo, "The Kitchen Tape", including a version of the future Weezer single "Say It Ain't So". The demo was heard by Todd Sullivan, an A&R man at Geffen Records, who signed Weezer in June 1993.


title: Matt Sharp

text: Weezer released their self-titled debut album in May 1994. It was certified platinum in January 1995. In early 1994, Sharp founded the Rentals. They released their debut album "Return of the Rentals" the following year, which featured the radio hit "Friends of P".


title: Matt Sharp

text: Weezer's second album, "Pinkerton", was released in September 1996. With a darker, more abrasive sound, "Pinkerton" was a commercial and critical failure, but attained critical acclaim later. Following the mixed response to "Pinkerton", Weezer went on a five-year hiatus. In 1998, Sharp left Weezer due to differences with the band members. In 2016, he said of his departure: "I don't really know how to speak on this because I don't know what should be kept private and what should be shared. I certainly have my view of it, as I'm sure everybody else has their sort of foggy things. When you have a group that doesn't communicate, you're going to have a whole lot of different stories."


title: Matt Sharp

text: In 1999, the Rentals released their second album, "Seven More Minutes". Among its contributors were Damon Albarn (of Blur and Gorillaz), Donna Matthews (of Elastica), Miki Berenyi (of Lush), and Tim Wheeler (of Ash). Maya Rudolph (later of "Saturday Night Live") was a member of the touring band during this time. The track "My Head is in the Sun" was co-written with Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo. The album sold considerably less than "Return of the Rentals", and the Rentals went on hiatus in late 1999.


title: Matt Sharp

text: Sharp moved to the town of Leiper's Fork, Tennessee, and began recording. In an interview with MTV News, Sharp said he was trying to cut ties to the music world. Sharp went on an acoustic tour in 2002 with former Cake guitarist Greg Brown. In 2003, after a four-year hiatus, Sharp returned with an EP, "Puckett's Versus the Country Boy".


title: Matt Sharp

text: On April 19, 2002, Sharp filed a five-count federal lawsuit against Weezer. He alleged he was owed royalties for co-writing Weezer's first hit, "Undone – The Sweater Song", and that he owned a 25% interest in the first nine tracks of "Pinkerton", which had been credited solely to Cuomo. Sharp also claimed he had handled most of Weezer's business affairs during their early success, including the hiring of accountants and attorneys, as well as helping the band secure their record deal. The lawsuit also stated that Cuomo was going to ask him to appear in the music video for their 2001 song "Island in the Sun". Finally, Sharp charged his former bandmates with breach of fiduciary duty, legal malpractice, dissolution of partnership, and declaratory relief. The lawsuit was settled out of court.


title: Matt Sharp

text: In 2003, Sharp released a solo EP, followed by a self-titled solo album in 2004. He continued to tour in 2004–2005 with the band Goldenboy.


title: Matt Sharp

text: On February 12, 2004, Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo sat in during a solo performance by Sharp at California State University, Fullerton. They played four songs together: the Sharp/Cuomo collaborations "Mrs. Young" and "Time Song", and the Weezer songs "Say It Ain't So" and "Undone". Sharp announced at the show that he and Cuomo would be working on a record together. Later in 2004, Sharp announced on his website that although he and Cuomo had come up with "15 or 16 new song ideas", their "special brand of dysfunctionality" might keep them from finishing the project.


title: Matt Sharp

text: In March 2004, Sharp recorded synthesizer on "So Jealous" by Canadian indie pop band Tegan and Sara. After a slow period in 2005, Sharp contemplated what to do next, considering either a new solo album or starting a new collaborative partnership. The possibility of him rejoining Weezer was also an option; although this did not happen, in a 2006 interview, Sharp credited these conversations with Cuomo as giving him the idea to return to writing pop music, which eventually led him to re-form the Rentals. These ideas particularly strengthened after meeting Sara Radle. In 2005, six years after 1999's "Seven More Minutes", the Rentals re-formed; the new lineup included original backup vocalist Rachel Haden, Sara Radle, Ben Pringle of Nerf Herder, Lauren Chipman, and Dan Joeright. Sharp and the Rentals toured North America in the summers of 2006 and 2007.


title: Matt Sharp

text: The Rentals released "The Last Little Life EP" on August 14, 2007. Between Rentals tours, Sharp returned to work in early 2007 with Tegan and Sara on their next album, "The Con", later appearing at their concerts in 2008 to play bass in a cover of Weezer's "Tired of Sex".


title: Matt Sharp

text: After the three releases in the "Songs About Time" series in April, July, and October 2009, Sharp and the Rentals went on hiatus. In October 2010, Sharp sold most of his equipment from his Weezer and Rentals days on eBay. His Orange Matamp Lead 200 was purchased by Greg Veerman, bassist of Canadian rock band San Sebastian. In November 2010, Cuomo mentioned in an interview with "Spin" that "the idea came up" of having Sharp rejoin the band for their "Memories Tour", in which they play "The Blue Album" and "Pinkerton". Cuomo said: "I think we left that idea behind pretty early on. I don't remember. I wasn't involved in the discussion so I don't know what the issues were."


title: Matt Sharp

text: In 2011 Sharp provided guest vocals on the song "FAQ" by Berri Txarrak, a Basque band whose live album "Zertarako Amestu" (2007) had significant influence on "Songs About Time".


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Hugh Clowers Thompson Jr. (April 15, 1943 – January 6, 2006) was a United States Army Major, and a former warrant officer in the 123rd Aviation Battalion of the 23rd Infantry Division. He is credited with ending the Mỹ Lai Massacre of the South Vietnamese village known as Sơn Mỹ on March 16, 1968, alongside and hierarchically above Glenn Andreotta and Lawrence Colburn.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: During the massacre, Thompson and his Hiller OH-23 Raven crew, Glenn Andreotta and Lawrence Colburn, stopped a number of killings by threatening and blocking American officers and enlisted soldiers of Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd Infantry Division. Additionally, Thompson and his crew saved a number of Vietnamese civilians by personally escorting them away from advancing United States Army ground units and assuring their evacuation by air. Thompson reported the atrocities by radio several times while at Sơn Mỹ. Although these reports reached Task Force Barker operational headquarters, nothing was done to stop the massacre. After evacuating a child to a Quảng Ngãi hospital, Thompson angrily reported to his superiors at Task Force Barker headquarters that a massacre was occurring at Sơn Mỹ. Immediately following Thompson's report, Lieutenant Colonel Frank A. Barker ordered all ground units in Sơn Mỹ to cease search and destroy operations in the village.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: In 1970, Thompson testified against those responsible for the Mỹ Lai Massacre. Twenty-six officers and enlisted soldiers, including William Calley and Ernest Medina, were charged with criminal offenses, but all were either acquitted or pardoned. Thompson was condemned and ostracized by many individuals in the United States military and government, as well as the public, for his role in the investigations and trials concerning the Mỹ Lai massacre. As a direct result of what he experienced, Thompson experienced posttraumatic stress disorder, alcoholism, divorce, and severe nightmare disorder. Despite the adversity he faced, he remained in the United States Army until November 1, 1983, then continued to make a living as a helicopter pilot in the Southeastern United States.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: In 1998, 30 years after the massacre, Thompson and the two other members of his crew, Andreotta and Colburn, were awarded the Soldier's Medal (Andreotta posthumously), the United States Army's highest award for bravery not involving direct contact with the enemy. Thompson and Colburn returned to Sơn Mỹ to meet with survivors of the massacre at the Sơn Mỹ Memorial in 1998. In 1999, Thompson and Colburn received the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Hugh Clowers Thompson Jr. was born on April 15, 1943, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, to Wessie and Hugh Clowers Thompson. His family is from the Province of Georgia and Great Britain. He identified his paternal grandmother as being of Cherokee descent.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Hugh Clowers Thompson Sr. was an electrician and served in the United States Navy during the Second World War.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: In 1946, the Thompson family relocated from Atlanta to Stone Mountain, Georgia. Thompson's brother and only sibling, Tommie Norman Thompson, was born in 1938 and served in the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War. Thompson was a member of the Boy Scouts of America and his family was actively involved in the Episcopal Church. Hugh Clowers Thompson Sr. educated his children to act with discipline and integrity. The Thompson family denounced racism and ethnic discrimination in the United States and assisted many ethnic minority families in their community. Coming from a working-class family, Hugh Clowers Thompson Jr. plowed fields and later worked as an assistant for a funeral mortuary to support his family during his adolescence.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson graduated from Stone Mountain High School on June 5, 1961. Following graduation, Thompson enlisted in the United States Navy and served in a naval mobile construction battalion at Naval Air Station Atlanta, Georgia, as a heavy equipment operator. Thompson married Palma Baughman in 1963. In 1964, Thompson received an honorable discharge from the Navy and returned to Stone Mountain to live a quiet life and raise a family with his wife. He studied mortuary science and became a licensed funeral director.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: When the Vietnam War began, Thompson felt obliged to return to military service. In 1966, Thompson enlisted in the United States Army and completed the Warrant Officer Flight Program training at Fort Wolters, Texas, and Fort Rucker, Alabama. In late-December 1967, at the age of 25, Thompson was ordered to Vietnam and assigned to Company B, 123rd Aviation Battalion of the 23rd Infantry Division.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: On March 16, 1968, Thompson and his Hiller OH-23 Raven observation helicopter crew, Lawrence Colburn (gunner) and Glenn Andreotta (crew chief), were ordered to support Task Force Barker's search and destroy operations in Sơn Mỹ, Quảng Ngãi Province, South Vietnam. Song My Village was composed of four hamlets, Mỹ Lai, Mỹ Khê, Cổ Lũy and Tư Cung, and was suspected by the United States Army Military Intelligence Corps to be a Viet Cong stronghold.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Army intelligence concerning the presence of Viet Cong in Sơn Mỹ was inaccurate, however, and the village's population was predominately composed of neutral, unarmed rice-farming families. Reconnaissance aircraft, including Thompson's OH-23 crew, flew over the Sơn Mỹ vicinity but received no enemy fire. At 07:24, without validating intelligence reports, the United States Army shelled Sơn Mỹ, killing many Vietnamese civilians. Following the shelling, Company C (Charlie Company), 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment of Task Force Barker, led by Captain Ernest Medina, moved into Sơn Mỹ.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Upon entering Sơn Mỹ, officers and soldiers of Company C moved through the Song My Village and vicinity, murdering civilians, raping women, and setting fire to huts. 1st Platoon of Company C, commanded by Lieutenant William Calley, forced approximately 70–80 villagers, mostly women and children, into an irrigation ditch and murdered the civilians with knives, bayonets, grenades, and small arms fire.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson recounted at an academic conference on Mỹ Lai held at Tulane University in December, 1994: "We kept flying back and forth, reconning in front and in the rear, and it didn't take very long until we started noticing the large number of bodies everywhere. Everywhere we'd look, we'd see bodies. These were infants, two-, three-, four-, five-year-olds, women, very old men, no draft-age people whatsoever."


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson and his crew, who at first thought the artillery bombardment caused all the civilian deaths on the ground, became aware that Americans were murdering the villagers after a wounded civilian woman they requested medical evacuation for, Nguyễn Thị Tẩu (chín Tẩu), was murdered right in front of them by Captain Medina, the commanding officer of the operation. According to Lawrence Colburn,


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Immediately after the execution, Thompson discovered the irrigation ditch full of Calley's victims. Thompson then radioed a message to accompanying gunships and Task Force Barker headquarters, "It looks to me like there's an awful lot of unnecessary killing going on down there. Something ain't right about this. There's bodies everywhere. There's a ditch full of bodies that we saw. There's something wrong here." Thompson spotted movement in the irrigation ditch, indicating that there were civilians alive in it. He immediately landed to assist the victims. Lieutenant Calley approached Thompson and the two exchanged an uneasy conversation.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: As Thompson was speaking to Calley, Calley's subordinate, Sergeant David Mitchell, fired into the irrigation ditch, killing any civilians still moving. Thompson and his crew, in disbelief and shock, returned to their helicopter and began searching for civilians they could save. They spotted a group of women, children, and old men in the northeast corner of the village fleeing from advancing soldiers from the 2nd Platoon, Company C. Immediately realizing that the soldiers intended to murder the Vietnamese civilians, Thompson landed his helicopter between the advancing ground unit and the villagers. He turned to Colburn and Andreotta and ordered them to shoot the men in the 2nd Platoon if they attempted to kill any of the fleeing civilians. While Colburn and Andreotta trained their guns on the 2nd Platoon, Thompson located as many civilians as he could, persuaded them to follow him to a safer location, and ensured their evacuation with the help of two UH-1 Huey pilots he was friends with.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Low on fuel, Thompson was forced to return to a supply airstrip miles outside the village. Before they departed the village, Andreotta spotted movement in the irrigation ditch full of bodies. According to Trent Angers in "The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story" (2014),


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: The child, Do Ba, was pulled from the irrigation ditch and after failing to find any more survivors, Thompson's crew transported the child to a hospital in Quảng Ngãi.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: After transporting the child to the hospital, Thompson flew to the Task Force Barker headquarters (Landing Zone Dottie), and angrily reported the massacre to his superiors. His report quickly reached Lieutenant Colonel Frank Barker, the operation's overall commander. Barker immediately radioed ground forces to cease the "killings". After the helicopter was refueled, Thompson's crew returned to the village to ensure that no more civilians were being murdered and that the wounded were evacuated.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson made an official report of the killings and was interviewed by Colonel Oran Henderson, the commander of the 11th Infantry Brigade (the parent organization of the 20th Infantry). Concerned, senior American Division officers cancelled similar planned operations by Task Force Barker against other villages (Mỹ Lai 5, Mỹ Lai 1, etc.) in Quảng Ngãi Province, possibly preventing the additional massacre of further hundreds, if not thousands, of Vietnamese civilians.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Initially, commanders throughout the American chain of command were successful in covering up the Mỹ Lai massacre. Thompson quickly received the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions at Mỹ Lai. The citation for the award fabricated events, for example praising Thompson for taking to a hospital a Vietnamese child "...caught in intense crossfire". It also stated that his "...sound judgment had greatly enhanced Vietnamese–American relations in the operational area". Thompson threw away the citation.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson continued to fly observation missions in the OH-23 and was hit by enemy fire a total of eight times. In four of those instances, his aircraft was lost. In the last incident, his helicopter was brought down by enemy machine-gun fire, and he broke his back in the resulting crash landing. This ended his combat career in Vietnam. He was evacuated to a hospital in Japan and began a long period of rehabilitation.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: When news of the massacre publicly broke, Thompson repeated his account to then-Colonel William Wilson and then-Lieutenant General William Peers during their official Pentagon investigations. In late-1969, Thompson was summoned to Washington, DC to appear before a special closed hearing of the House Armed Services Committee. There, he was sharply criticized by congressmen, in particular Chairman Mendel Rivers (D-S.C.), who were anxious to play down allegations of a massacre by American troops. Rivers publicly stated that he felt Thompson was the only soldier at Mỹ Lai who should be punished (for turning his weapons on fellow American troops) and unsuccessfully attempted to have him court-martialed.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson was vilified by many Americans for his testimony against United States Army personnel. He recounted in a CBS "60 Minutes" television program in 2004, "I'd received death threats over the phone...Dead animals on your porch, mutilated animals on your porch some mornings when you get up."


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: After his Vietnam service, Thompson was assigned to Fort Rucker to become an instructor pilot and later received a direct commission, attaining the rank of captain and retired as a major. His other military assignments included Fort Jackson, South Korea, Fort Ord, Fort Hood, and bases in Hawaii. He retired from the army in 1983.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson became a helicopter pilot for the oil industry, operating in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1988 an English documentary film producer, Michael Bilton, working for Yorkshire Television, managed to contact Thompson via his mother, who was then widowed and living in Texas. At that point Thompson had all but disappeared from public life. Bilton had contacted former crew member Lawrence Colburn, and put Thompson and Colburn in touch with each other after a gap of nearly 16 years. Both Thompson and Colburn had been trying to find each other, but without success. Thompson was living in Lafayette, Louisiana, and Colburn near Atlanta, Georgia. They quickly arranged a reunion. Bilton spent a long weekend with Thompson discussing the events at Mỹ Lai. It proved the beginning of a long friendship which lasted until Thompson's death.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Both Thompson and Colburn were interviewed for the film "Four Hours in My Lai" (1989) ("Remember My Lai?" on PBS) – which went on to win a British Academy Award and an international Emmy award. The interview showed Thompson relating what he had witnessed at Mỹ Lai: "Here we were supposed to be the guys in the white hats. It upset me". Bilton and his colleague Kevin Sim then began researching a book and Bilton conducted further interviews with Thompson and Colburn. When the book "Four Hours in My Lai" (1992) was published, it prompted a campaign to have the heroism of Thompson and his helicopter crew recognized. Several senior figures in the U.S. military supported the campaign, as did President George H. W. Bush. Thompson and Colburn were invited to speak to a wide range of audiences about the ethics of warfare including at West Point, a conference in Norway, and at Connecticut College in New London, where they were each awarded an honorary doctorate.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: In 1998, Thompson and Colburn returned to the village of Sơn Mỹ, where they met some of the people they saved during the killings, including Thi Nhung and Pham Thi Nhanh, two women who had been part of the group about to be killed by Brooks's 2nd Platoon. Thompson said to the survivors, "I just wish our crew that day could have helped more people than we did." He reported that one of the women they had helped out came up to him and asked, "Why didn't the people who committed these acts come back with you?" He said that he was "just devastated" but that she finished her sentence: "So we could forgive them." He later told a reporter, "I'm not man enough to do that. I'm sorry. I wish I was, but I won't lie to anybody. I'm not that much of a man." Thompson and Colburn lit incense sticks and placed them in an urn by a stone marker at the irrigation ditch where many were murdered. They also dedicated a new elementary school for the children of the village.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Thompson later served as a counselor in the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs, and gave a talk at the United States Naval Academy in 2003 and at West Point in 2005 on Professional Military Ethics. He also spoke at the United States Air Force Academy and to United States Marine Corps officers at Quantico. Thompson gave his first lecture to a U.S. Army audience, discussing physical and moral courage, at the U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, in 1998. Thompson and his crew's actions have been used as an example in the ethics manuals of U.S. and European militaries. Thompson received an honorary degree from Emory University and The Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library at Emory University holds a collection relating to the life and careers of Hugh Thompson and Lawrence Colburn. In 2005, he retired from Louisiana Veterans Affairs.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: In 1998, exactly 30 years after the massacre, Thompson and the two other members of his crew, Glenn Andreotta and Lawrence Colburn, were awarded the Soldier's Medal (Andreotta posthumously), the United States Army's highest award for bravery not involving direct contact with the enemy. "It was the ability to do the right thing even at the risk of their personal safety that guided these soldiers to do what they did", then-Major General Michael Ackerman said at the 1998 ceremony. The three "set the standard for all soldiers to follow". Additionally on March 10, 1998, Senator Max Cleland (D-Ga.) entered a tribute to Thompson, Colburn and Andreotta into the record of the U.S. Senate. Cleland said the three men were "true examples of American patriotism at its finest".


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: In 1999, Thompson and Colburn received the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award. Later that year, both men served as co-chairs of STONEWALK, a group who pulled a one-ton rock engraved "Unknown Civilians Killed in War" from Boston to Arlington National Cemetery. In 2010, the Hugh Thompson Foundation was chartered in memory of Thompson's courage in halting the massacre. His biography "The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story" by Trent Angers was included on the U.S. Army Chief of Staff's professional reading list.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: Folk singer David Rovics wrote a song about the incident at Mỹ Lai titled "Song for Hugh Thompson". Ryan Costello of The Oaks wrote a song commemorating Hugh Thompson's heroism in "For Hugh Thompson, Who Stood Alone" on the album "Our Fathers and the Things They Left Behind". Thom Parrott (also known as Tom Parrott) wrote the song "Pinkville Helicopter" about the massacre that is included on the Smithsonian Folkways CD collection "Best of Broadside". Jonathan Berger composed a piano concerto dedicated to Hugh Thompson. Commissioned by the National Endowment for the Arts, it was premiered at the United Nations General Assembly on January 24, 2001. A subsequent solo piano work, "Elegy for the Victims of My Lai", adapted from the concerto was recorded and performed by pianist Sasha Toperich. The Kronos Quartet used Berger's music along with a libretto by Harriet Scott Chessman to compose a "monodrama" with tenor Rinde Eckert. Along with the strings of the quartet and various Vietnamese instruments played by the musician Van-Anh Vo, Eckert sang about Thompson's encounter with the massacre and the effect of the encounter on himself. The composition was presented at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in September 2017.


title: Hugh Thompson Jr.

text: At the age of 62, after extensive treatment for cancer, Thompson was removed from life support and died on January 6, 2006, at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Pineville, Louisiana. Colburn came from Atlanta to be at his bedside. Thompson was buried in Lafayette, Louisiana, with full military honors, including a three-volley salute and a helicopter flyover. On February 8, Congressman Charles Boustany (R-La.) made a statement in Congress honoring Thompson, stating that the "United States has lost a true hero, and the State of Louisiana has lost a devoted leader and dear friend."


title: Susanna Hall

text: Susanna Hall (née Shakespeare; baptised 26 May 1583 – 11 July 1649) was the oldest child of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway and the older sister of twins Judith and Hamnet Shakespeare. Susanna married John Hall, a local physician, in 1607. They had one daughter, Elizabeth, in 1608. Elizabeth married Thomas Nash, son of Anthony Nash on 22 April 1626 at Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.


title: Susanna Hall

text: Susanna was baptised in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon on Trinity Sunday (a church feast day), 26 May 1583.


title: Susanna Hall

text: Shakespeare's wife Anne was already pregnant with Susanna when the couple were married. The name "Susanna" derives from the story of Susanna and the elders in the Book of Daniel and suggests "purity and spotlessness", and had associations that appealed to the Puritans. It first appeared in Stratford parish registers in 1574, so the name was still rather novel, but it was shared by two other children born that spring. As such it may have been an assertion of virtue for a child born "perilously close to the wrong side of marriage" as the historian Peter Ackroyd put it.


title: Susanna Hall

text: She was raised in Stratford-upon-Avon along with her younger siblings, twins Hamnet and Judith. Stratford school records of the time do not exist, and since girls were not allowed at the Stratford King Edward VI School, any education she would have received would have been arranged by her family through tutors. Her signature exists in two separate documents, demonstrating that she was able to sign her name.


title: Susanna Hall

text: Susanna married John Hall, a respected physician, on 5 June 1607 in Holy Trinity Church. She was 24; he was about 32. Some slight evidence indicates that Shakespeare settled a substantial dowry on Susanna of 105 acres of his land in Old Stratford he had bought in 1602, probably retaining a life interest in it. John Hall's "Select Observations", case studies of his patients, was published in 1657, 22 years after his death. The earliest case, a local one, dates from 1611, making it almost certain that he lived and worked in Stratford from at least the time of his marriage.


title: Susanna Hall

text: Their one child, Elizabeth was baptised on 21 February 1608 in Holy Trinity Church. The couple had no other children, and Elizabeth was the only grandchild Shakespeare knew, as Judith's children with Thomas Quiney were born after his death.


title: Susanna Hall

text: In June 1613, a man named John Lane, Jr., 23, accused Susanna of adultery with a Rafe Smith, a 35-year-old haberdasher, and claimed she had caught a venereal disease from Smith. As a notable Puritan of the community, Hall supported the Puritan vicar, Thomas Wilson, against whom Lane would later participate in a riot, and it is possible that Lane's charges had political motives in defaming Susanna.


title: Susanna Hall

text: On 15 July the Halls brought suit for slander against Lane in the Consistory court at Worcester. Robert Whatcott, who three years later witnessed Shakespeare's will, testified for the Halls, but Lane failed to appear. Lane was found guilty of slander and excommunicated. In 1619 Lane was found guilty of slander again, this time for attacks on the vicar and local aldermen. He was also named in court as a persistent drunkard.


title: Susanna Hall

text: When Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, he left the bulk of his estate, in an elaborate fee tail, to Susanna and her male heirs, which included his main house, New Place, his two houses on Henley Street, and various lands in and around Stratford, and all his “” to her and her husband.


title: Susanna Hall

text: In the case of Susanna's death, the estate was bequeathed, in descending order of choice, "to the first sonne of her bodie lawfullie yssueing & to the heires Males of the bodie of the saied first Sonne lawfullie yssueing"; and in default of such issue, to her second son and his male heirs and to the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh sons and their male heirs. In case no sons were born or they died, the estate would then go to her daughter Elizabeth Hall and her male heirs; to Judith and her male heirs; or to whatever lawful heirs survived.


title: Susanna Hall

text: He also named the Halls as executors of the will, and John Hall proved the will in London 22 June 1616 at the archbishop's prerogative court at Canterbury.


title: Susanna Hall

text: Susanna died aged 66 years. She was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Stratford next to her parents. Her tombstone epitaph reads:


title: Susanna Hall

text: "Here lyeth the body of Susanna, wife of John Hall, gent., the daughter of William Shakespeare, gent. She deceased the 11 day of July, Anno 1649, aged 66."


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Jordy Ray Nelson (born May 31, 1985) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League for 11 seasons with the Green Bay Packers and the Oakland Raiders. He played college football at Kansas State, where he received All-American honors, and was drafted by Green Bay in the second round of the 2008 NFL Draft. During his tenure in Green Bay, he won Super Bowl XLV with the team over the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 2010 season. After spending 10 seasons in Green Bay, he played one year with the Oakland Raiders before announcing his retirement.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson was born in Manhattan, Kansas, to Alan and Kim Nelson, farmers who lived in Riley and had season tickets to Kansas State football games. The Nelson farm, established by his great-great-grandfather who immigrated from Sweden, has been in the family for four generations.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson attended Riley County High School in Riley, Kansas, and played football for the Falcons. During his senior year playing quarterback, he completed 62 percent of his passes for 1,029 yards and eight touchdowns. Nelson also rushed for 1,572 yards, averaging 9.8 yards per carry with 25 touchdowns. He was named Flint Hills Player of the Year by the "Manhattan Mercury". In 2003, he played in the Kansas Shrine Bowl. In addition to football, he was an all-state basketball player, averaging 17.2 points per game his senior year.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson was an outstanding track and field athlete and won a national AAU championship in the 400 meters as a 10-year-old. In 2003, his senior year at Riley County High School, he won the state titles in Class 3A in the 100 meters, with a time of 10.63 seconds; 200 meters, with a time of 21.64 seconds; 400 meters, with a time of 48.79; and long jump, with a leap of 7.00 meters. Nelson became the third player from Riley County High School to make the NFL, joining Jon McGraw and Homer Hanson.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson attended Kansas State University, where he played for coach Bill Snyder's Wildcats football team from 2003 through 2005. When Snyder retired after the 2005 season, Nelson remained with Kansas State and played the rest of his college career (2006 and 2007) under Ron Prince.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson began his college career as a walk-on at Kansas State and took his redshirt year as a member of the Wildcats' 2003 Big 12 Championship team.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: For 2004, Nelson was set to play defensive back, but during spring practice following his first year, Snyder moved him to the wide receiver position. He did not record any meaningful statistics in the Wildcats' 4–7 season in 2004.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: In the Wildcats' season opener against FIU, Nelson had four receptions for 36 yards and caught his first career collegiate touchdown, an eight-yard pass from quarterback Allen Webb, in the fourth quarter of the 35–21 victory. Including the season opener, Nelson caught a touchdown in seven straight games that he appeared in. In that seven-game stretch, Nelson's best performance came against Oklahoma in a 43–21 loss where he had three receptions for 107 yards and a touchdown, which was a 73-yard reception from Webb. Kansas State struggled down the stretch of the season and did not make a bowl game with a 5–6 record. In the final game of the season, Nelson had seven receptions for 74 yards and a touchdown in a 36–28 victory over Missouri.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: During his sophomore season, Nelson caught 45 passes for 669 yards and eight touchdowns. He led the team in all major receiving categories.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: In his junior season, Nelson was listed on the Biletnikoff Award watchlist, which is an award for the most outstanding receiver in college football. Injuries kept him off the field most of his junior year, leading to a disappointing junior season.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson did have some highlights in the 2006 season despite not getting to play as much. In the season opener against Illinois State, Nelson had four receptions for 62 yards in the narrow 24–23 victory. On November 4, against Colorado, Nelson turned in his best effort of the season with five receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown in the 34–21 victory. One week later, against the #4 Texas Longhorns, Nelson had a quiet day with only three receptions for 15 yards, but he threw a successful pass for 28 yards in the upset 45–42 victory. The Wildcats qualified for the Texas Bowl with a 7–5 record. In the 37–10 loss to #16 Rutgers, Nelson had four receptions for 81 receiving yards. Overall, Nelson finished the 2006 season with 39 receptions for 547 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown. He led the team in receptions and receiving yards.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: After going unnoticed during his junior year, Nelson broke out during his senior year and was among the nation's best wide receivers. In the season opener against #18 Auburn, he had nine receptions for 90 yards. In addition, he threw a 21-yard touchdown pass to running back Leon Patton in the third quarter of the 23–13 loss. Two weeks later, against Missouri State, he had a great performance with 15 receptions for 209 yards and a touchdown in the 61–10 victory. For the second time in his senior season, he threw a touchdown pass, which was a 24-yard pass to wide receiver Deon Murphy. Two weeks later, against #7 Texas, Nelson had 12 receptions for 116 yards and a touchdown in the 41–21 victory. In addition, he had an 89-yard punt return touchdown. The next week, against Kansas, Nelson had another great outing with 10 receptions for 137 yards and a touchdown in the 30–24 loss. After the 47–20 victory over Colorado, Nelson put together a string of six consecutive games with a receiving touchdown to end the season. On October 20, against Oklahoma State, Nelson had 12 receptions for 176 yards and three touchdowns in the 41–39 loss. Against the Baylor Bears, Nelson had eight receptions for 105 yards and a touchdown. In addition, he had a 92-yard punt return touchdown in the 51–13 victory. Against Iowa State on November 3, Nelson had 14 receptions for 214 yards and touchdown in the 31–20 loss. In the following game against Nebraska, Nelson had nine receptions for 125 yards and a touchdown in the 73–31 loss. Against #6 Missouri the next week, he had eight receptions for 94 yards and a touchdown in the 49–32 loss. Against Fresno State, Nelson had 15 receptions for 165 yards and a touchdown in the 45–29 loss. The game against Fresno State was the last game of Nelson's college career as the loss knocked Kansas State out of bowl eligibility.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson earned consensus All-American honors and was a finalist for the Biletnikoff Award after catching 122 passes for 1,606 yards and 11 touchdowns. Nelson also showed his versatility by throwing two touchdown passes and returning two punts for touchdowns. At the time his collegiate career ended, he was second in school history in receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns to Kevin Lockett in records going back to 1956.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson was selected in the second round with the 36th overall pick in the Green Bay Packers in the 2008 NFL Draft. He was the third wide receiver taken in the draft, after Donnie Avery and Devin Thomas. In addition, he was one of two Kansas State Wildcats to be selected that year. He was the highest drafted wide receiver out of Kansas State since Quincy Morgan went 33rd overall in 2001.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson entered a wide receivers group that contained Donald Driver, Greg Jennings, and James Jones. He made his NFL debut in the Packers' season opener against the Minnesota Vikings. He was targeted once and had a 23-yard kickoff return in the 24–19 victory. He scored his first touchdown reception on September 14, 2008, in Week 2 against the Detroit Lions, a 29-yard pass from quarterback Aaron Rodgers. The touchdown was his lone reception in the 48–25 victory. Nelson was a steady presence for the Packers over the course of the season. From Week 3 to Week 13, he totaled 25 receptions for 267 receiving yards. Nelson recorded his second receiving touchdown, a nine-yard reception, in a Week 14 24–21 loss to the Houston Texans. The season was a struggle for Nelson and the Packers as they finished 6–10 and missed the playoffs. Nelson finished his rookie campaign with 33 receptions for 366 receiving yards and two touchdowns.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: In the 2009 season, Nelson played in 13 games for the Packers, catching 22 passes for 320 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns. In addition, he saw action as the primary kick returner along with Tramon Williams. Nelson recorded 25 kickoff returns for 635 net yards for a 25.40 average to go along with 17 punt returns for 90 net yards for a 5.29 average.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson and the Packers finished 11–5 and made the playoffs as the fifth seed. The Packers fell to the Arizona Cardinals in the by a score of 51–45. Nelson had one reception for 11 yards and a receiving touchdown to go along with four kickoff returns for 79 net yards in his playoff debut.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson's role with the Packers expanded in the 2010 season. Over the first ten games of the season, Nelson totaled 29 receptions for 301 receiving yards to go along with some kick return duties. On November 28, in Week 12, Nelson had five receptions for 61 yards and his first receiving touchdown of the season in the 20–17 loss to the Atlanta Falcons. Nelson's touchdown was a game-tying ten-yard reception with only 56 seconds remaining. On December 26, in Week 16, he had four receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown, which was an 80-yard reception, in the 45–17 victory over the New York Giants.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: In the 2010 season, Nelson set career highs with 582 receiving yards and 45 catches, while catching two touchdown passes for the third straight year. Following the injury to Aaron Rodgers against the Detroit Lions on December 12, 2010, it was revealed that Nelson was third on the Packers' quarterback depth chart.


title: Jordy Nelson

text: Nelson and the Packers made the playoffs as the sixth seed after a 10–6 regular season. Nelson had a quiet day with only one target against the Philadelphia Eagles in the 21–16 narrow victory in the . He picked it up in the against the Atlanta Falcons with eight receptions for 79 yards and a touchdown in the 48–21 victory. In the , against their longtime rival Chicago Bears, he had four receptions for 61 yards in the resounding 21–14 victory over the NFC North champions. With the victory, he advanced to his first appearance in the Super Bowl.