title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: Jeffrey Lynn Green (born August 28, 1986) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played three seasons of college basketball for the Georgetown Hoyas, before entering the 2007 NBA draft, where he was selected fifth overall by the Boston Celtics. He was subsequently traded to the Seattle SuperSonics (now known as the Oklahoma City Thunder). He spent 3½ seasons with the franchise before being traded back to the Celtics in February 2011, where he played until 2015 before being traded to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2016, he was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers. He spent half a season with the Clippers before joining the Orlando Magic following the 2015–16 season. Green has also played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Washington Wizards, Utah Jazz, Houston Rockets and Brooklyn Nets.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: Green was born in Cheverly, Maryland, to Jeffrey Green Sr. and Felicia Akingube. He was raised in College Park, Maryland and then attended Northwestern High School in Hyattsville, Maryland, where he led the NHS Wildcats to the state basketball championship in 2004.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: Green was recruited to Georgetown University by coach Craig Esherick in 2003. Esherick was fired before Green arrived on campus and John Thompson III was hired as the new coach. The two top recruits of Esherick's tenure, Green and center Roy Hibbert, were the key components of Thompson's future success. Thompson stated in a Sports Illustrated interview: "You'll stop and think when I say this, but it's true: Jeff Green is the smartest player I've ever coached. You would know this better than most: that's a hell of a statement."


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: Green won the 2005 Big East Rookie of the Year award along with Rudy Gay of the University of Connecticut. He was named to the All-Big East Second Team in 2006 along with teammate Roy Hibbert. In 2007, Green was named the Big East Player of the Year. He and Hibbert were unanimous selections to the All-Big East First Team. After his 30-point performance in the 2007 Big East tournament semifinal against Notre Dame and his 21-point performance in the championship against Pittsburgh, Green was named Most Outstanding Player of the tournament, as the Hoyas won their first Big East title since 1989. He led the Hoyas to the Final Four of the 2007 NCAA tournament, beating Belmont and Boston College in the first two rounds. Green beat Vanderbilt with a game-winning shot after a controversial no-call in the game's closing seconds as well as fearlessly leading the Hoyas to victory against No. 1 seed UNC in a stunning second-half comeback victory and bringing the Hoyas back to their first Final Four since Patrick Ewing led them to the 1985 National Championship game. The Hoyas eventually lost to Greg Oden and the Ohio State Buckeyes, bringing their remarkable title run to a close as well as Green's collegiate playing career, as he chose to forgo his senior year and entered the NBA draft. Green spent the next four summers taking classes at Georgetown and graduated in 2012 with a degree in English and a minor in theology.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On June 28, 2007, Green was selected with the fifth overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. He was later traded to the Seattle SuperSonics alongside Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West in exchange for Ray Allen and Glen Davis. On April 6, 2008, Green scored a career-high 35 points against the Denver Nuggets. Green made the NBA All-Rookie First Team in 2008 after averaging 10.5 points, 4.7 rebounds and 1.5 assists in 80 games.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: The Sonics were sold and moved to Oklahoma City before the start of the 2008–09 season, becoming the Thunder. In January 2009, Green hit his first career game-winner, lifting the Thunder to a 122–121 win over the Golden State Warriors.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On February 24, 2011, Green was traded, along with Nenad Krstić and a 2012 first-round pick, to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Kendrick Perkins and Nate Robinson. Green recorded a double-double in his first start as a Celtic against the Washington Wizards on April 11, 2011, recording 20 points, a career high-tying 15 rebounds, four assists and two steals. Green improved his field goal percentage after the trade to the Celtics, shooting 48.5 percent from the floor in 26 games after shooting 43.7 percent with the Thunder.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On December 10, 2011, following the conclusion of the NBA lockout, Green re-signed with the Celtics. Eight days later, his contract was voided by the Celtics after a routine physical examination detected an aortic aneurysm. He subsequently underwent heart surgery in January 2012 and missed the entire 2011–12 season. Former teammate Kevin Durant dedicated his season to Green. Green used his downtime not only to rehab from surgery but to complete his coursework at Georgetown, graduating in May 2012 with a degree in English and a minor in theology.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On August 22, 2012, Green signed with the Celtics. On March 18, 2013, Green scored a career-high 43 points in a 105–103 loss to the Miami Heat. On April 3, 2013, he scored 34 points against the Detroit Pistons.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: In 2013–14, Green played and started in all 82 games for the Celtics following the departure of Paul Pierce and Kevin Garnett in the off-season. He subsequently had a career-best season as he averaged a career-high 16.9 points per game. On January 22, he scored 39 points against the Wizards. On March 16 against the New Orleans Pelicans, he had a second 39-point game.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On January 12, 2015, Green was traded to the Memphis Grizzlies in a three-team deal involving the Celtics and the New Orleans Pelicans. He made his debut for the Grizzlies two days later, recording 10 points and 3 rebounds off the bench in a 103–92 win over the Brooklyn Nets. On June 18, 2015, Green exercised his player option with the Grizzlies for the 2015–16 season.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On December 13, 2015, Green scored a season-high 26 points in a loss to the Miami Heat. He topped that mark on January 25, 2016, scoring 30 points off the bench in a 108–102 overtime win over the Orlando Magic. In that game, he converted an 11-footer with 1.3 seconds left for a 100–100 tie at the end of regulation.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On February 18, 2016, Green was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers in exchange for Lance Stephenson and a future protected first-round pick. Two days later, he made his debut for the Clippers in a 115–112 loss to the Golden State Warriors, recording five points, two rebounds and one assist in 20 minutes off the bench. On February 26, he made his first start for the Clippers, scoring 22 points in 31 minutes of action in a 117–107 win over the Sacramento Kings.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On July 7, 2016, Green signed with the Orlando Magic. He made his debut for the Magic in their season opener on October 26, 2016, scoring seven points off the bench in a 108–96 loss to the Miami Heat. On April 5, 2017, he was shut down for the rest of the season due to lower back soreness that plagued him throughout the season. Green missed the final nine games of the season with the back injury.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On July 11, 2017, Green signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. On May 27, 2018, Green scored 19 points starting in place of the injured Kevin Love, helping the Cavaliers defeat the Celtics in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. The Cavaliers reached the 2018 NBA Finals, where they were defeated in four games by the Golden State Warriors.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On February 18, 2020, Green was signed by the Houston Rockets to a 10-day contract. On February 28, 2020, the Houston Rockets announced that they had signed Green for the remainder of the season. The signing reunited Green with former Thunder teammates James Harden, Russell Westbrook and Thabo Sefolosha.


title: Jeff Green (basketball)

text: On November 23, 2020, Green signed with the Brooklyn Nets, reuniting him with former Sonics and Thunder teammate Kevin Durant and once again with James Harden upon his trade to the Nets. On June 15, in the Eastern Conference Semifinal game five against the Milwaukee Bucks, Green scored a season-high 27 points to help lead the Nets to victory.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Iron deficiency, or sideropenia, is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen enzyme reactions in various tissues. Too little iron can interfere with these vital functions and lead to morbidity and death.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Total body iron averages approximately 3.8 g in men and 2.3 g in women. In blood plasma, iron is carried tightly bound to the protein transferrin. There are several mechanisms that control iron metabolism and safeguard against iron deficiency. The main regulatory mechanism is situated in the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of iron absorption occurs in the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. A number of dietary factors may affect iron absorption. When loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by intake of iron from the diet, a state of iron deficiency develops over time. When this state is uncorrected, it leads to iron-deficiency anemia, a common type of anemia. Before anemia occurs, the medical condition of iron deficiency without anemia is called latent iron deficiency (LID).


title: Iron deficiency

text: Anemia is a condition characterized by inadequate red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin. When the body lacks sufficient amounts of iron, production of the protein hemoglobin is reduced. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen, enabling red blood cells to supply oxygenated blood throughout the body. Women of child-bearing age, children, and people with poor diet are most susceptible to the disease. Most cases of iron-deficiency anemia are mild, but if not treated can cause problems like an irregular heartbeat, pregnancy complications, and delayed growth in infants and children that could affect their cognitive development and their behavior.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Symptoms of iron deficiency can occur even before the condition has progressed to iron deficiency anemia.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Symptoms of iron deficiency are not unique to iron deficiency (i.e. not pathognomonic). Iron is needed for many enzymes to function normally, so a wide range of symptoms may eventually emerge, either as the secondary result of the anemia, or as other primary results of iron deficiency. Symptoms of iron deficiency include:


title: Iron deficiency

text: Continued iron deficiency may progress to anemia and worsening fatigue. Thrombocytosis, or an elevated platelet count, can also result. A lack of sufficient iron levels in the blood is one reason that some people cannot donate blood.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Though genetic defects causing iron deficiency have been studied in rodents, there are no known genetic disorders of human iron metabolism that directly cause iron deficiency.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Possible reasons that athletics may contribute to lower iron levels includes mechanical hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells from physical impact), loss of iron through sweat and urine, gastrointestinal blood loss, and haematuria (presence of blood in urine). Although small amounts of iron are excreted in sweat and urine, these losses can generally be seen as insignificant even with increased sweat and urine production, especially considering that athletes' bodies appear to become conditioned to retain iron better. Mechanical hemolysis is most likely to occur in high-impact sports, especially among long-distance runners who experience "foot-strike hemolysis" from the repeated impact of their feet with the ground. Exercise-induced gastrointestinal bleeding is most likely to occur in endurance athletes. Haematuria in athletes is most likely to occur in those that undergo repetitive impacts on the body, particularly affecting the feet (such as running on a hard road, or Kendo) and hands (e.g. Conga or Candombe drumming). Additionally, athletes in sports that emphasize weight loss (e.g. ballet, gymnastics, marathon running, and cycling) as well as sports that emphasize high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets, may be at an increased risk for iron deficiency.


title: Iron deficiency

text: A U.S. federal survey of food consumption determined that for women and men over the age of 19, average iron consumption from foods and beverages was 13.1 and 18.0 mg/day, respectively. For women, 16% in the age range 14–50 years consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), for men ages 19 and up, fewer than 3%. Consumption data were updated in a 2014 U.S. government survey and reported that for men and women ages 20 and older the average iron intakes were, respectively, 16.6 and 12.6 mg/day. People in the U.S. usually obtain adequate amounts of iron from their diets. However, subgroups like infants, young children, teenaged girls, pregnant women, and premenopausal women are at risk of obtaining less than the EAR. Socio-economic and racial differences further affect the rates of iron deficiency.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Iron is needed for bacterial growth making its bioavailability an important factor in controlling infection. Blood plasma as a result carries iron tightly bound to transferrin, which is taken up by cells by endocytosing transferrin, thus preventing its access to bacteria. Between 15 and 20 percent of the protein content in human milk consists of lactoferrin that binds iron. As a comparison, in cow's milk, this is only 2 percent. As a result, breast fed babies have fewer infections. Lactoferrin is also concentrated in tears, saliva and at wounds to bind iron to limit bacterial growth. Egg white contains 12% conalbumin to withhold it from bacteria that get through the egg shell (for this reason, prior to antibiotics, egg white was used to treat infections).


title: Iron deficiency

text: To reduce bacterial growth, plasma concentrations of iron are lowered in a variety of systemic inflammatory states due to increased production of hepcidin which is mainly released by the liver in response to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6. This functional iron deficiency will resolve once the source of inflammation is rectified; however, if not resolved, it can progress to anaemia of chronic inflammation. The underlying inflammation can be caused by fever, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, chronic heart failure (CHF), carcinomas, or following surgery.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Reflecting this link between iron bioavailability and bacterial growth, the taking of oral iron supplements in excess of 200 mg/day causes a relative overabundance of iron that can alter the types of bacteria that are present within the gut. There have been concerns regarding parenteral iron being administered whilst bacteremia is present, although this has not been borne out in clinical practice. A moderate iron deficiency, in contrast, can provide protection against acute infection, especially against organisms that reside within hepatocytes and macrophages, such as malaria and tuberculosis. This is mainly beneficial in regions with a high prevalence of these diseases and where standard treatment is unavailable.


title: Iron deficiency

text: As always, laboratory values have to be interpreted with the lab's reference values in mind and considering all aspects of the individual clinical situation.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Serum ferritin can be elevated in inflammatory conditions; so a normal serum ferritin may not always exclude iron deficiency, and the utility is improved by taking a concurrent C-reactive protein (CRP). The level of serum ferritin that is viewed as "high" depends on the condition. For example, in inflammatory bowel disease the threshold is 100, where as in chronic heart failure (CHF) the levels are 200.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Before commencing treatment, there should be definitive diagnosis of the underlying cause for iron deficiency. This is particularly the case in older patients, who are most susceptible to colorectal cancer and the gastrointestinal bleeding it often causes. In adults, 60% of patients with iron-deficiency anemia may have underlying gastrointestinal disorders leading to chronic blood loss.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Upon diagnosis, the condition can be treated with iron supplements. The choice of supplement will depend upon both the severity of the condition, the required speed of improvement (e.g. if awaiting elective surgery) and the likelihood of treatment being effective (e.g. if the patient has underlying IBD, is undergoing dialysis, or is having ESA therapy).


title: Iron deficiency

text: Examples of oral iron that are often used are ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, or amino acid chelate tablets. Recent research suggests the replacement dose of iron, at least in the elderly with iron deficiency, may be as little as 15 mg per day of elemental iron.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Mild iron deficiency can be prevented or corrected by eating iron-rich foods and by cooking in an iron skillet. Because iron is a requirement for most plants and animals, a wide range of foods provide iron. Good sources of dietary iron have heme-iron, as this is most easily absorbed and is not inhibited by medication or other dietary components. Two examples are red meat & poultry. Non-heme sources do contain iron, though it has reduced bioavailability. Examples are lentils, beans, leafy vegetables, pistachios, tofu, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Iron from different foods is absorbed and processed differently by the body; for instance, iron in meat (heme-iron source) is more easily absorbed than iron in grains and vegetables ("non-heme" iron sources). Minerals and chemicals in one type of food may also inhibit absorption of iron from another type of food eaten at the same time. For example, oxalates and phytic acid form insoluble complexes which bind iron in the gut before it can be absorbed.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Because iron from plant sources is less easily absorbed than the heme-bound iron of animal sources, vegetarians and vegans should have a somewhat higher total daily iron intake than those who eat meat, fish or poultry. Legumes and dark-green leafy vegetables like broccoli, kale and Asian greens are especially good sources of iron for vegetarians and vegans. However, spinach and Swiss chard contain oxalates which bind iron, making it almost entirely unavailable for absorption. Iron from non-heme sources is more readily absorbed if consumed with foods that contain either heme-bound iron or vitamin C. This is due to a hypothesised "meat factor" which enhances iron absorption.


title: Iron deficiency

text: In both tables, . Arbitrarily, the guideline is set at 18 mg, which is the USDA Recommended Dietary Allowance for women aged between 19 and 50.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Children at 6 months should start having solid food that contains enough iron, which could be found in both heme and non-heme iron


title: Iron deficiency

text: Iron deficiency can have serious health consequences that diet may not be able to quickly correct; hence, an iron supplement is often necessary if the iron deficiency has become symptomatic.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Blood transfusion is sometimes used to treat iron deficiency with hemodynamic instability. Sometimes transfusions are considered for people who have chronic iron deficiency or who will soon go to surgery, but even if such people have low hemoglobin, they should be given oral treatment or intravenous iron.


title: Iron deficiency

text: Current evidence is limited to base any recommendations that intravenous iron therapy is beneficial for treating non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults. Further research in this area is needed as current body of evidence is very low quality.


title: Iron deficiency

text: The presence of "Helicobacter pylori" in the stomach can cause inflammation and can lower the threshold for the development of gastric cancer. In the setting of iron deficiency, "H. pylori" causes more severe inflammation and the development of premalignant lesions. This inflammatory effect appears to be mediated, in part, through altered bile acid production including an increase in deoxycholic acid, a secondary bile acid implicated in colon cancer and other gastrointestinal cancers.


title: Iron deficiency

text: . Zeglam A, Abugrara A, Kabuka M. Autosomal-recessive iron deficiency anemia, dystonia and hypermanganesemia caused by new variant mutation of the manganese transporter gene SLC39A14. Acta Neurol Belg. 2019 Sep;119(3):379-384. doi: 10.1007/s13760-018-1024-7. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID 30232769.


title: Nathan West

text: West was born and raised in Anchorage, Alaska. He graduated from Service High School in Anchorage, where he played hockey.


title: Nathan West

text: In 2000 West worked on the television series "7th Heaven" with his now wife Chyler Leigh, playing Mary Camden's (Jessica Biel) troubled friends Johnny and Frankie.


title: Nathan West

text: West has had roles in major films as well as independent projects, including such films as Disney’s "Miracle" and the award winning independent feature "Alleged". Not only an actor he has also worked as a producer, his projects including IFC’s "Brake".


title: Nathan West

text: West is also a singer/song writer, drawing his musical inspiration from the likes of Van Morrison, Bob Dylan and Otis Redding.


title: Nathan West

text: West also makes music with his wife Chyler Leigh, under the name "WestLeigh". They have performed covers as well as written an original song called "Love Lit The Sky".


title: Nathan West

text: While at an audition for a couple for the pilot of an unsuccessful WB series titled Saving Graces, West met Chyler Leigh. They have worked on many projects with each other since, usually portraying couples, including "7th Heaven" and "Safe Harbor". When on the set of "Not Another Teen Movie", West proposed to Leigh. The couple married on July 20, 2002, in Alaska. Leigh and West have three children: Noah Wilde West (Born December 2003), Taelyn Leigh West (born September 2006), and Anniston Kae West (born May 7, 2009).


title: Nathan West

text: Leigh has said that she and West have a pact in which the person who guesses the baby's sex correctly gets to choose the name. When pregnant with Noah, Leigh guessed she was having a boy so she chose the first name and West gave him his middle name. For Taelyn, West correctly guessed it was a girl, so he named her. Their third child, also a girl, was guessed correctly by West.


title: Survivor: One World

text: Survivor: One World is the 24th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series "Survivor", featuring 18 new castaways divided by gender into two tribes of nine. The season was filmed from August 1 through September 8, 2011 in the vicinity of Upolu, Samoa, which is the same filming location used for seasons , , and , surpassed Panama as the most "Survivor" seasons have filmed. The season aired weekly from February 15, 2012 until May 13, 2012, when Kim Spradlin was named the winner over Sabrina Thompson and Chelsea Meissner by a 7–2–0 vote. In addition, Spradlin won $100,000 as the "Sprint Player of the Season", earning the fans' vote over runners-up Meissner, Greg "Tarzan" Smith and "Troyzan" Robertson.


title: Survivor: One World

text: This is the fourth season that initially divided the tribes by gender, following "", "" and "". The season's title is in reference to the two tribes initially sharing a campsite; while this had been done in "" and "", this is the first time the concept was both employed at the beginning of the game and continued beyond the first tribal challenge. As a result of the shared campsite, hidden immunity idols were designated for specific tribes; if a castaway found the idol designated for the opposing tribe, he or she was required to give it to a member of the other tribe before the next Tribal Council. All of these twists ended when the tribes were reorganized on Day 12.


title: Survivor: One World

text: The cast is composed of 18 new players, initially divided into two tribes by gender: the nine men composed Manono (named after Manono Island) while the nine women composed Salani (named after a Samoan surfing resort). The merged tribe Tikiano is coined from a portmanteau of "Tiki" which means "God", and "Ano" derived from Spanish "año" for "year", which was first suggested by contestant Troy "Troyzan" Robertson.


title: Survivor: One World

text: Notable cast members include Leif Manson, the first little person to compete in the whole "Survivor" franchise; fashion photographer "Troyzan" Robertson; and Monica Culpepper, wife of former NFL football player Brad Culpepper (who would later also become a contestant on "Survivor").


title: Survivor: One World

text: Kat Edorsson, Colton Cumbie, and Monica Culpepper returned for "". Edorsson returned with her boyfriend, Hayden Moss, Cumbie returned with his fiancé, Caleb Bankston, and Culpepper returned with her husband, Brad. "Troyzan" Robertson and Sabrina Thompson were both included in the public poll to choose the cast of "", but neither of them were chosen to compete. Robertson would eventually return for "". Culpepper also appeared on "Survivor: Game Changers" as part of the loved ones visit. Kim Spradlin, now using her married name of Spradlin-Wolfe, returned to compete on "".


title: Survivor: One World

text: Outside of "Survivor", Michael Jefferson appeared on the Discovery Channel show "Naked and Afraid". Chelsea Meissner joined the Bravo reality series "Southern Charm" as a recurring cast member in season four, and was promoted to a main cast member for seasons five and six.


title: Survivor: One World

text: The 18 castaways were divided into gender-based tribes and given maps to their camps, unaware they would lead to the same location. Despite living on the same beach, the tribes would remain split, building separate shelters and fending for their own tribe.


title: Survivor: One World

text: The men's tribe, Manono, dominated the first few challenges. The women's tribe, Salani, was run by a majority alliance formed by Alicia, Chelsea, Kat, Kim and Sabrina. Despite a strong start, the men found difficulty with the outspoken Colton who was initially an outsider, often interacting with Salani instead. After Sabrina accidentally found Manono's hidden immunity idol, she gave it to Colton, who used his newfound power to overthrow Manono's dominant alliance and gain control of the tribe. After the tribes were swapped, Colton found himself again in a position of power on the new Manono tribe; however, he was medically evacuated from the game after being diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Meanwhile, on the new Salani tribe, Kim and Chelsea formed a second alliance with Jay and Troyzan as a backup plan in case their original alliance failed.


title: Survivor: One World

text: Though the genders entered the merge with equal numbers, Kim organized the women into a single alliance while Colton's removal left the men without a leader, leading Jay and Troyzan to align with the women and vote out two of the men. With a clear majority, the women decided to sever ties with Jay and Troyzan, voting them out despite Troyzan's pleas to Kat and Christina, who were at the bottom of the women's alliance. Tarzan was the last man remaining, however Kat's unpredictability and youthful naivety was enough to convince Kim to betray her first. With only six players remaining, Kim found herself caught between her initial alliance of Chelsea and Sabrina, and the alliance of Alicia, Christina and Tarzan. Although Alicia wanted to vote Chelsea out, Kim convinced Alicia that Tarzan was planning to betray her, leading to Tarzan's elimination. Alicia and Christina were subsequently voted out by Kim, Chelsea, and Sabrina.


title: Survivor: One World

text: At the Final Tribal Council, Chelsea was lambasted by the jurors for her evident lack of social connections, riding on coattails, and was largely seen as Kim's pawn. Sabrina was praised for her excellent social game, and being loyal to her allies. However, she was criticized by many jurors due to her poor work ethic and challenge performances. Kim was praised for her challenge wins, her connections with men and women, and always thinking ahead strategically. However, she was blamed for all their blindsides and eliminations. Kim decided to own every decision she made throughout the entire game, and won in a vote of 7-2-0, only losing Troyzan's and Leif's votes.


title: Survivor: One World

text: "In the case of multiple tribes or castaways who win reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically where it was a team effort; where one castaway won and invited others, the invitees are in brackets."


title: Survivor: One World

text: Despite the absence of Redemption Island and having an all-new cast, "Survivor: One World" was the fourth consecutive season of the series to be met with a generally negative reception. Although the gameplay of Kim Spradlin received praise, much criticism was aimed towards the gender tribe division, as well as the season's predictability. "Survivor" columnist Dalton Ross of "Entertainment Weekly" gave this season a negative review. He called the cast, "thoroughly uninspiring" and went on to say that, "Colton was more a horrible human being than a classic villain, and the rest of the players were mostly either completely forgettable or people you wish you "could" forget." Ross ultimately ranked "One World" as the fifth-worst season of the series, only better than "", "", "", and "". Jeff Probst felt this season was a "bit of a letdown," adding that "We just didn't have the standout moments and characters needed for a great season." From 2012 to 2014, "Survivor" fan site ""Survivor" Oz" consistently ranked "One World" in the bottom five in its annual polls ranking all seasons of the series; in 2012, it was the fifth-worst ahead of "Fiji", "Thailand", "Nicaragua", and "", and in 2013 and 2014, it was the fourth-worst ahead of "Fiji", "", and "Redemption Island". Similarly, fellow fan site "The Purple Rock Podcast" ranked "One World" as the ninth-worst season in 2020. In 2014, Joe Reid of "The Wire" ranked "One World" as the seventh-worst season, similarly criticizing Colton and saying that his "petulance, racism, snobbery, whining, and cruelty makes him very possibly the worst person to ever be on the show." In 2015, a poll by "Rob Has a Podcast" ranked this season as the second-worst season of all time, only ahead of "Redemption Island", with Rob Cesternino ranking this season 27th. This was updated in 2021 during Cesternino's podcast, "Survivor All-Time Top 40 Rankings", ranking 37th. In 2020, "Inside Survivor" ranked this season 37th out of 40 saying that the One World twist fell flat and the "vast majority [of the players] is either wholly forgettable or actively unlikeable."


title: Herbal tea

text: Herbal teas, also known as herbal infusions and less commonly called tisanes (UK and US , US also ), are beverages made from the infusion or decoction of herbs, spices, or other plant material in hot water. Oftentimes herb tea, or the plain term tea, is used as a reference to all sorts of herbal teas. Many herbs are used in herbal medicine. Some herbal blends contain actual tea (e.g., the Indian classic masala chai).


title: Herbal tea

text: The term "herbal" tea is often used in contrast to the so-called "true" teas (e.g., black, green, white, yellow, oolong), which are prepared from the cured leaves of the tea plant, "Camellia sinensis". Unlike true teas (which are also available decaffeinated), most tisanes do not naturally contain caffeine. There are a number of plants, however, that "do" contain caffeine or another stimulant, like theobromine, cocaine or ephedrine. Some have the opposite effect, acting as a sedative. Some common infusions have specific names such as , "mate" (yerba mate), and "rooibos" (red bush).


title: Herbal tea

text: Some feel that the term "tisane" is more correct than "herbal tea" or that the latter is even misleading, but most dictionaries record that the word "tea" is also used to refer to other plants beside the tea plant and to beverages made from these other plants. In any case, the term "herbal tea" is very well established and much more common than "tisane".


title: Herbal tea

text: The word "tisane" was rare in its modern sense before the 20th century, when it was borrowed in the modern sense from French. (This is why some people feel it should be pronounced as in French, but the original English pronunciation continues to be more common in US English and especially in UK English.)


title: Herbal tea

text: The word had already existed in late Middle English in the sense of "medicinal drink" and had already been borrowed from French (Old French). The Old French word came from the Latin word , which came from the Ancient Greek word (), which meant "peeled" barley, in other words pearl barley, and a drink made from this that is similar to modern barley water.


title: Herbal tea

text: Herbal teas can be made with fresh or dried flowers, fruit, leaves, seeds or roots. They are made by pouring boiling water over the plant parts and letting them steep for a few minutes. The herbal tea is then strained, sweetened if desired, and served. Many companies produce herbal tea bags for such infusions.


title: Herbal tea

text: While varieties of tisanes can be made from any edible plant material, below is a list of those commonly used for such:


title: Herbal tea

text: While most herbal teas are safe for regular consumption, some herbs have toxic or allergenic effects. Among the greatest causes of concern are:


title: Herbal tea

text: Herbal teas can also have different effects from person to person, and this is further compounded by the problem of potential misidentification. The deadly foxglove, for example, can be mistaken for the much more benign (but still relatively toxic to the liver) comfrey. Care must be taken not to use any poisonous plants.


title: Herbal tea

text: The US does not require herbal teas to have any evidence concerning their efficacy, but does treat them technically as food products and require that they be safe for consumption.


title: Herbal tea

text: Depending on the source of the herbal ingredients, herbal teas, like any crop, may be contaminated with pesticides or heavy metals.


title: Herbal tea

text: According to Naithani & Kakkar (2004), "all herbal preparations should be checked for toxic chemical residues to allay consumer fears of exposure to known neuro-toxicant pesticides and to aid in promoting global acceptance of these products".


title: Herbal tea

text: In addition to the issues mentioned above which are toxic to all people, several medicinal herbs are considered abortifacients, and if consumed by a pregnant individual could cause miscarriage. These include common ingredients like nutmeg, mace, papaya, bitter melon, verbena, saffron, slippery elm, and possibly pomegranate. It also includes more obscure herbs, like mugwort, rue, pennyroyal, wild carrot, blue cohosh, tansy, and savin.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: Judge Steve Harvey is an American arbitration-based reality court comedy show hosted by Steve Harvey. The series premiered on ABC on January 4, 2022. Unlike most courtroom programming which airs in the daytime television bracket, "Judge Steve Harvey" airs in prime time. Also in contrast to most courtroom programming, which typically airs a new episode for each weekday, "Judge Steve Harvey" takes the approach of a sitcom television schedule, airing one new episode per week.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: Casting for "Judge Steve Harvey" was conducted in September 2021 and filming for the series ran from October to November 2021. The show is produced by Den of Thieves in association with Disney Branded Television.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: The courtroom set takes on a ritzy, majestic display, Harvey's bench extending vastly from one side to the other, taking up most of the courtroom. In similar vein, the courtroom is filled with flashy spotlights with Harvey wielding a gold-colored gavel, and the program's opening theme decorated with extravagant pomp and circumstance. As part of the title sequence, Harvey introduces himself show-offishly while talking the talk: he declares his judicial handling is without the need of legal degrees or law backgrounds, just his unique brand of commonsense. Harvey adds to that how he has transcended the wearing of a judge's robe, instead, donning a swanky all-black suit. A grand entrance into the courtroom follows the title sequence in which the walls of the courtroom separate for Harvey to enter through, smoke filling the scene around him. Rubin Ervin hypes up the crowd and introduces Harvey with emphatic expression as raucous music sounds.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: Proceedings begin with Harvey instructing litigants that they have thirty seconds to summarize their case for the viewing audience before he moves deeper into interrogating the parties. Before and during the proceedings, the audience is heard freely hooting, hollering, standing, cheering, whooping, and booing at the proceedings. This is all prompted by Harvey's satire, derision, and ridicule at the parties before him. Harvey spends most of the cases engaged in his antics and mischievous behaviors, such as writing out signs and raising them up in the air, in one case, raising up a "WTF" sign at a misbehaved litigant repeatedly speaking out of turn. Harvey's mischievous approach, teasing, and satire typically expose the follies and foolishness of the guests in regards to their testimonies.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: Demanding acknowledgment for the parody nature of the program, Harvey openly jeers at guests who take the proceedings too seriously by acting as though they are in a real court of law, Harvey going so far as scolding the parties to stop pretending that they are in a real court and to remember and recognize they are in a TV studio. Establishing some early catchphrases, Harvey follows each verdict with the remark, “And that’s the way I see it!” Harvey routinely acknowledges with pride that his verdicts are from his gut feelings, based on his own internal logic as opposed to any particular code of law.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: Unlike most other television court show arbitrators, such as Judy Sheindlin ("Judge Judy" and "Judy Justice"), Greg Mathis ("Judge Mathis"), Marilyn Milian ("The People's Court"), etc., Harvey has never held any judgeship or legal licenses and has no jurisprudence background, which is typically mandated by television court show programming. To compensate for this, however, the miniseries has billed itself as "Harvey playing by his own rules, basing his courtroom on his own life experiences and some good old common sense".


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: "Judge Steve Harvey" has been advertised as, "Harvey taking on a variety of conflicts and characters in his courtroom, from small claims to big disputes and everything in between". Deviating from the standard as far as judicial wear as well, Harvey is seen donning a black dress shirt, suit jacket, tie and dress pants while presiding.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: In contrast to most programming in the arbitration-based reality show genre which takes to a more serious, businesslike format, Harvey seeks to exude comedy in his "Judge Steve Harvey" series. Another court show popular for its amusement, "Judge Mathis", has balanced humor with a businesslike approach to justice, contrary to Harvey's comedic and informal approach, filling airtime with his mischievousness and antics and his live audience contributing to that. This all takes the same approach Harvey has used to skyrocket the game show "Family Feud" to top-rated daytime ratings success. Harvey drew considerable attention to the series for his relentless derision and scoffing humor, double takes and slow-burn reactions, such that the game show began competing in Nielsen ratings for top spot against "Judge Judy" (a typical daytime ratings leader for many years of its original run) over the 2020–21 television year. Following the release of a trailer for the series on December 1, Harvey's arbitration handling approach was likened to his game show hosting approach in media reports. Characterizing his judicial approach, Harvey stated:


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: "Judge Steve Harvey" is filmed at the Trilith Studios in Fayetteville, Georgia. Located at 461 Sandy Creek Road, the Trillith Studios have been characterized as "sprawling and high-tech". The studios are currently owned by River’s Rock LLC, an Atlanta-based investment service company that develops and funds studio facilities for the production of film, television, music, and video games. Fayetteville lies 22 miles south of Atlanta, which is considered an important hub for television and film production.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: Despite the comedic nature of the program and Harvey's playful sternness and metafiction-style reprimands of his guests not to take the proceedings seriously as a court of law, the series is unscripted with individuals who have filed legal grievances in actual courts. Those individuals were later invited to the program by producers to have their disputes heard by Steve Harvey.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: As is the case among the rest of arbitration court shows in which litigants cannot pursue a claim once ruled on by the presiding arbiter, rulings on "Judge Steve Harvey" are said to likely take the same legally binding format. That said, there is no official confirmation of this. Whether Harvey rules in favor of the plaintiff or defendant, the outcomes are considered a "win-win for everyone involved" because none of the litigants are responsible for paying the judgments. According to the show's official website, "all awards/judgments are paid by production".


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: The bailiff on the series is former Douglas County, Georgia bailiff Nancy Price. The audience warm-up, Rubin Ervin, appears at the start of each episode and also instructs the audience to rise when Harvey makes his entrance.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: News publication "The Decider" posted an article arguing that the "ludicrous idea" that Steve Harvey is presiding over small claims court is forgiven once viewing the program and realizing it's less of a court show and more of a comedy. "The Decider" went on to state that ABC is able to capitalize on the "Family Feud" host’s penchant for his playfully appalled behavior of speechless stares, incredulous reactions, and exasperated one-liners, a Steve Harvey formula that has led to audience amusement and high ratings in the game show genre and other hosting gigs.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: With that frame of mind, it was speculated that the court show has the potential to be "an entertaining diversion, but not one that you’d care to see more than once or twice". The program's cases were characterized as goofy and self-explanatory for someone to resolve. Adding to that point, however, the article stated that the elements of these types of cases play well into what Harvey does best–reading situations and reacting.


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: The article made a point of praising Harvey for being, thus far, able to ridicule without being disrespectful of his guests, stating, "So far, Harvey has managed to make fun of the cases without belittling the people arguing them. That’s definitely going to be a fine line to toe, but Harvey has been around for a long time and should be able to manage that balance with ease".


title: Judge Steve Harvey

text: However, in an appearance on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", Harvey himself revealed that he was formally chastised by ABC executives for referring to a litigant of the program as "stupid", that the network preferred he'd take a friendlier approach. During the case in question, Harvey proceeded from the bench over to the litigant to have a picture taken together, Harvey citing that he needed a photograph with the stupidest person alive. In sharing the matter with Jimmy Kimmel, Harvey objected to perceived cancel culture and political correctness, stating that celebrities can't get away with saying anything any longer and that it's having a negative impact on comedians.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Bartolomeu Dias ( 1450 – 29 May 1500) was a Portuguese mariner and explorer. In 1488, he became the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa and to demonstrate that the most effective southward route for ships lay in the open ocean, well to the west of the African coast. His discoveries effectively established the sea route between Europe and Asia.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Bartholomeu Dias was born around 1455. His family had a maritime background and one of his ancestors, Dinis Dias, explored the African coast in the 1440s and discovered the Cape Verde Peninsula in 1445.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Little is known of his early life, and tracing his biography is complicated by the existence of several contemporary Portuguese seafarers with the same name. He was clearly a seaman of considerable experience and may have been trading for ivory along the Guinea coast as early as 1478. In 1481, Dias accompanied an expedition, led by Diogo de Azambuja, to construct a fortress and trading post called São Jorge da Mina in the Gulf of Guinea. Indirect evidence also points to his possible participation in Diogo Cão's first expedition (1482–1484) down the African coast to the Congo River.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Diogo Cão had made two voyages to try to reach the southern end of Africa’s western coastline but had failed both times. Nevertheless, King John II of Portugal remained determined to continue the effort. In October 1486, he commissioned Dias to lead an expedition in search of a trade route around the southern tip of Africa. Dias was also charged with searching for Prester John, a legendary figure believed to be the powerful Christian ruler of a realm somewhere beyond Europe, possibly in the African interior. Dias was provided with two caravels of about 50 tons each and a square-rigged supply ship captained by his brother Diogo. He recruited some of the leading pilots of the day, including Pêro de Alenquer and João de Santiago, who had previously sailed with Cão.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: No contemporary documents detailing this historic voyage have been found. Much of the available information comes from the sixteenth-century historian João de Barros, who wrote about the voyage some sixty years later.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: The small fleet left Lisbon in or around July 1487. Like his predecessor, Cão, Dias carried a set of "padrãos", carved stone pillars to be used to mark his progress at important landfalls. Also onboard were six Africans who had been kidnapped by Cão and taught Portuguese. Dias plan was to drop them off at various points along the African coast so that they could testify to the grandeur of the Portuguese kingdom and make inquiries into the possible whereabouts of Prester John.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: The expedition sailed directly to the Congo, and from there proceeded more carefully down the African coast, often naming notable geographic features after saints that were honored on the Catholic Church’s calendar. When they weighed anchor at what today is Porto Alexandre, Angola, Dias left the supply ship behind so that it could re-provision them later, on their return voyage. By December, Dias had passed the farthest point reached by Cão, and on 8 December 1487 he arrived at the Golfo da Conceicão (modern-day Walvis Bay, Namibia). After making slow progress along the Namibian coast, the two ships turned southwest, away from land. Historians have debated whether this happened because they were driven offshore by a storm or because they were deliberately trying to find more favorable winds. Whatever its cause, the change of course brought them success: the ships traced a broad arc around the tip of Africa and, on 4 February 1488, after 30 days on the open ocean, they reached the continent’s southern cape and entered what would later become known as Mossel Bay.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: The ships continued east for a time and confirmed that the coast gradually trended to the northeast. Dias realized that they had accomplished Portugal's long-sought goal: they had rounded the southern cape of Africa. Dias's expedition reached its furthest point on 12 March 1488, when it anchored at Kwaaihoek, near the mouth of the Boesmans River—where they erected the Padrão de São Gregório. By then, the crew had become restless and was urging Dias to turn around. Supplies were low and the ships were battered. Although Dias wanted to continue, the rest of the officers unanimously favored returning to Portugal, so he agreed to turn back. On their return voyage, they sailed close enough to Africa’s southwestern coast to encounter the Cape of Good Hope for the first time in May 1488. Tradition has it that Dias originally named it the Cape of Storms ("Cabo das Tormentas") and that King John II later renamed it the Cape of Good Hope ("Cabo da Boa Esperança") because it symbolized the opening of a sea route from west to east.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: At the cape, Dias erected the last of their padrãos and then headed northward. They reached their supply ship in July, after nine months of absence, and found that six of that ship’s nine crewmen had died in skirmishes with the natives. The vessel had become rotten with worms, so they unloaded the supplies they needed from it, and burnt it on the beach. Few details are known about the remainder of the voyage. The ships made stops at Príncipe, the Rio do Resgate (in present-day Liberia), and the Portuguese trading post of São Jorge da Mina. Dias returned to Lisbon in December 1488, after an absence of 16 months.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: The Dias expedition had explored a thousand more miles of the African coastline than previous expeditions had reached; it had rounded the southern tip of the continent, and it had demonstrated that the most effective southward ship route lay in the open ocean well to the west of the African coast-a route that would be followed by generations of Portuguese sailors. Despite these successes, Dias' reception at court was muted. There were no official proclamations, and, at the time, Dias received little in recognition of his accomplishments.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Dias was later ennobled for his accomplishments, and by 1494 he was serving as a squire in the court of King John II. He also served as superintendent of the royal warehouses from 1494 to 1497.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Following Dias’s return from his successful first voyage around Africa’s southern cape, Portugual took a decade-long break from Indian Ocean exploration. King John was beset by numerous problems, including the death of his only son, a war in Morocco, and his own failing health. It was not until 1497 that another voyage was commissioned and Dias was asked to provide assistance. Drawing on his experience with maritime exploration, Dias contributed to the design and construction of the "São Gabriel" and its sister ship the "São Rafael". These were two of the ships that Vasco da Gama used to sail around the Cape of Good Hope and continue to India. Dias participated in the first leg of da Gama’s voyage but stayed behind after reaching the Cape Verde Islands.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Two years later he was one of the captains of the second Indian expedition, headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral. This flotilla was the first to reach Brazil, landing there on 22 April 1500, and then continuing east to India. Dias perished in May 1500 when captaining a ship near the Cape of Good Hope: four ships, including Dias’s, encountered a huge storm off the cape and were lost on 29 May.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: Dias was married and had two sons, Simão Dias de Novais and António Dias de Novais. His grandson Paulo Dias de Novais became the first governor of Portuguese Angola and, in 1576, the founder of São Paulo de Luanda.


title: Bartolomeu Dias

text: The Portuguese government erected two navigational beacons, Dias Cross and da Gama Cross, to commemorate Dias and


title: Familiar Wife

text: Familiar Wife () is a romantic fantasy South Korean television series starring Ji Sung, Han Ji-min, Jang Seung-jo, and Kang Han-na. It aired on tvN from August 1 to September 20, 2018.


title: Familiar Wife

text: A married couple suddenly finds themselves living entirely different lives after their fates magically change through an unexpected incident.


title: Familiar Wife

text: Cha Joo-hyuk works at a bank and has been married to Seo Woo-jin for five years. When a strange incident happens one day, Joo-hyuk makes a decision that impacts his life and those around him in unexpected ways. Suddenly, the life he had with Woo-jin and his best friend, Yoon Joong-hoo are gone and he is leading a very different life.


title: Familiar Wife

text: How will his first love, Lee Hye-won, factor into his new life? And will it be possible to get his old life back?


title: Familiar Wife

text: The first script reading was held on May 9, 2018 at the conference room of Studio Dragon's main office at the 17th floor of DDMC Building in Sangam-dong, Seoul, South Korea.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960 at the police station in the township of Sharpeville in the then Transvaal Province of the then Union of South Africa (today part of Gauteng). After demonstrating against pass laws, a crowd of about 7,000 protesters went to the police station. Sources disagree as to the behaviour of the crowd: some state that the crowd was peaceful, while others state that the crowd had been hurling stones at the police and that the mood had turned "ugly". The South African Police (SAP) opened fire on the crowd when the crowd started advancing toward the fence around the police station; tear-gas had proved ineffectual. There were 249 victims in total, including 29 children, with 69 people killed and 180 injured. Some were shot in the back as they fled.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The massacre was photographed by photographer Ian Berry, who initially thought the police were firing blanks. In present-day South Africa, 21 March is celebrated as a public holiday in honour of human rights and to commemorate the Sharpeville massacre.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Sharpeville was first built in 1943 to replace Topville, a nearby township that suffered overcrowding where illnesses like pneumonia were widespread. Due to the illness, removals from Topville began in 1958. Approximately 10,000 Africans were forcibly removed to Sharpeville. Sharpeville had a high rate of unemployment as well as high crime rates. There were also youth problems because many children joined gangs and were affiliated with crimes instead of schools. Furthermore, a new police station was created, from which the police were energetic to check passes, deporting illegal residents, and raiding illegal shebeens.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: South African governments since the eighteenth century had enacted measures to restrict the flow of African South Africans into cities. Pass laws intended to control and direct their movement and employment were updated in the 1950s. Under the country's National Party government, African residents in urban districts were subject to influx control measures. Individuals over sixteen were required to carry passbooks, which contained an identity card, employment and influx authorisation from a labour bureau, name of employer and address, and details of personal history. Leading up to the Sharpeville massacre, the National Party administration under the leadership of Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd used these laws to enforce greater racial segregation and, in 1959–1960, extended them to include women. From the 1960s, the pass laws were the primary instrument used by the state to detain and harass its political opponents.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The African National Congress (ANC) prepared to initiate a campaign of protests against pass laws. These protests were to begin on 31 March 1960, but the rival Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), led by Robert Sobukwe, decided to pre-empt the ANC by launching its own campaign ten days earlier, on 21 March, because they believed that the ANC could not win the campaign.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: On 21 March, 1960, a group of between 5,000 and 10,000 people converged on the local police station, offering themselves up for arrest for not carrying their passbooks. The Sharpeville police were not completely unprepared for the demonstration, as they had already driven smaller groups of more militant activists away the previous night.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: PAC actively organized to increase turnout to the demonstration, distributing pamphlets and appearing in person to urge people not to go to work on the day of the protest. Many of the civilians present attended voluntarily to support the protest, but there is evidence that the PAC also used coercive means to draw the crowd there, including the cutting of telephone lines into Sharpeville, and preventing bus drivers from driving their routes.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: By 10:00, a large crowd had gathered, and the atmosphere was initially peaceful and festive. Fewer than 20 police officers were present in the station at the start of the protest. Later the crowd grew to about 20,000, and the mood was described as "ugly", prompting about 130 police reinforcements, supported by four Saracen armoured personnel carriers, to be rushed in. The police were armed with firearms, including Sten submachine guns and Lee–Enfield rifles. There was no evidence that anyone in the gathering was armed with anything other than stones.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: F-86 Sabre jets and Harvard Trainers approached to within a hundred feet of the ground, flying low over the crowd in an attempt to scatter it. The protesters responded by hurling stones (striking three policemen) and rushing the police barricades. Police officers attempted to use tear gas to repel these advances, but it proved ineffectual, and the police fell back on the use of their batons. At about 13:00 the police tried to arrest a protester, and the crowd surged forward. The police began shooting shortly thereafter.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The official figure is that 69 people were killed, including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 injured, including 31 women and 19 children. The police shot many in the back as they turned to flee, causing some to be paralyzed.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Victims were buried en masse in a ceremony performed by clergy. Philip Finkie Molefe, responsible for establishing the first Assemblies of God church in the Vaal, was among the clergy that conducted the service.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Police reports in 1960 claimed that young and inexperienced police officers panicked and opened fire spontaneously, setting off a chain reaction that lasted about forty seconds. It is likely that the police were quick to fire as two months before the massacre, nine constables had been assaulted and killed, some disembowelled, during a raid at Cato Manor. Few of the policemen present had received public order training. Some of them had been on duty for over twenty-four hours without respite. Some insight into the mindset of those on the police force was provided by Lieutenant Colonel Pienaar, the commanding officer of the police reinforcements at Sharpeville, who said in his statement that "the native mentality does not allow them to gather for a peaceful demonstration. For them to gather means violence." He also denied giving any order to fire and stated that he would not have done so.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Other evidence given to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission "the evidence of Commission deponents reveals a degree of deliberation in the decision to open fire at Sharpeville and indicates that the shooting was more than the result of inexperienced and frightened police officers losing their nerve."


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The uproar among South Africa's black population was immediate, and the following week saw demonstrations, protest marches, strikes, and riots around the country. On 30 March 1960, the government declared a state of emergency, detaining more than 18,000 people, including prominent anti-apartheid activists who were known as members of the Congress Alliance including Nelson Mandela and some still enmeshed in the Treason Trial.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Many White South Africans were also horrified by the massacre. The poet Duncan Livingstone, a Scottish immigrant from the Isle of Mull who lived in Pretoria, wrote in response to the Massacre the Scottish Gaelic poem "Bean Dubh a' Caoidh a Fir a Chaidh a Marbhadh leis a' Phoileas" ("A Black Woman Mourns her Husband Killed by the Police").


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: A storm of international protest followed the Sharpeville shootings, including sympathetic demonstrations in many countries and condemnation by the United Nations. On 1 April 1960, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 134. Sharpeville marked a turning point in South Africa's history; the country found itself increasingly isolated in the international community. The event also played a role in South Africa's departure from the Commonwealth of Nations in 1961.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The Sharpeville massacre contributed to the banning of the PAC and ANC as illegal organisations. The massacre was one of the catalysts for a shift from passive resistance to armed resistance by these organisations. The foundation of Poqo, the military wing of the PAC, and Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, followed shortly afterwards.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Not all reactions were negative: embroiled in its opposition to the Civil Rights Movement, the Mississippi House of Representatives voted a resolution supporting the South African government "for its steadfast policy of segregation and the [staunch] adherence to their traditions in the face of overwhelming external agitation."


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Sharpeville was the site selected by President Nelson Mandela for the signing into law of the Constitution of South Africa on 10 December 1996.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: In 1998, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) found that the police actions constituted "gross human rights violations in that excessive force was unnecessarily used to stop a gathering of unarmed people."


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: On 21 March 2002, the 42nd anniversary of the massacre, a memorial was opened by former President Nelson Mandela as part of the Sharpeville Human Rights Precinct.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: UNESCO marks 21 March as the yearly International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the massacre.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: The event was an inspiration for painter Oliver Lee Jackson in his "Sharpeville Series" from the 1970s.


title: Sharpeville massacre

text: Ingrid de Kok was a child living on a mining compound near Johannesburg where her father worked at the time of the Sharpeville massacre. In her moving poem “ Our Sharpeville” she reflects on the atrocity through the eyes of a child.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The Banaue Rice Terraces () are terraces that were carved into the mountains of Banaue, Ifugao, in the Philippines, by the ancestors of the Igorot people. The terraces are occasionally called the "Eighth Wonder of the World". It is commonly thought that the terraces were built with minimal equipment, largely by hand. The terraces are located approximately above sea level. These are fed by an ancient irrigation system from the rainforests above the terraces. It is said that if the steps were put end to end, it would encircle half of the globe.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: Locals up to this day still plant rice and vegetables on the terraces, although more and more younger Ifugaos do not find farming appealing, often opting for the more lucrative hospitality industry generated by the terraces. The result is the gradual erosion of the characteristic "steps", which require constant reconstruction and care. In 2010, a further problem encountered was drought, with the terraces drying up completely in March of that year.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: Anthropologist Otley Beyer has estimated that the terraces are over 2000 years old, but several researchers dispute this and contend that they were built much later. Nevertheless, rice is an ancient ancestral crop of the Philippines, having been carried by Austronesian migrations into the islands since at least 1500 BCE (3500 years ago).


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: Current threats to the terraces include the giant earthworms ("olang" in Ifugao) of the genus "Pheretima" or "Polypheretima elongata" which are blamed for causing damage to the terraces, as well as rodents of the genus "Chrotomis mindorensis", and snails.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The terraces are found in the province of Ifugao and the Ifugao people have been its caretakers. Ifugao culture revolves around rice, the Black Rice kalinayan, and the culture engenders an elaborate array of celebrations linked with agricultural rites from rice cultivation to rice consumption. The harvest season generally calls for thanksgiving feasts, while the concluding harvest with rites called "tango" or "tungul" (a day of rest) which entail a strict taboo on any agricultural work. "Bayah" (rice wine), rice cakes, and betel nut are also consumed as part of the festivities.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The Ifugao people practice traditional farming spending most of their labour at their terraces and forest lands while occasionally tending to root crop cultivation. The Ifugaos have also been known to culture edible shells, fruit trees, and other vegetables which have been exhibited among Ifugaos for generations. The difficulty of planting kalinayan and other rice varieties with the soil type in these areas leads to the building of the rice terraces entailing construction of retaining walls with stones and rammed earth which are designed to draw water from a main irrigation canal above the terrace clusters. Indigenous rice terracing technologies have been identified with the Ifugao’s rice terraces such as their knowledge of water irrigation, stonework, earthwork and terrace maintenance. As their source of life and art, the rice terraces have sustained and shaped the lives of the community members.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: In March 2009 the Ifugao rice terraces were declared free from genetically modified organisms (GMO). An event declaring this achievement was organized in Dianara Viewpoint in collaboration with local and municipal government, Greenpeace, and the Miss Earth Foundation.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The Banaue Rice Terraces refer to the cluster close to the Banaue poblacion as seen from the viewpoint. Contrary to popular belief perpetrated by its inclusion on the twenty peso banknote, the Banaue Rice Terraces are not a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They were not included in the UNESCO inscription Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras due to the presence of numerous modern structures, making it score low in the integrity criterion of UNESCO.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The five clusters inscribed as part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras are Batad, Bangaan, Hungduan, Mayoyao Central and Nagacadan. Batad and Bangaan are under the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Banaue but are not called the Banaue Rice Terraces.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The Banaue Rice Terraces were declared by the Philippine government as a National Cultural Treasure under Ifugao Rice Terraces by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 260 in 1973.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: Another thriving economy in the Banaue Rice Terraces is tourism. The Tourism industry has developed a number of activities for visitors which may include traditional sightseeing of the terraces and visits to the tribes at the foot of the terraces. A "Mumbaki" (traditional Ifugao witch doctor) is also recommended to visitors: these doctors can perform spiritual healing rituals.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: Domestic tourism however has gone down over the past few years. A contributing factor to this is the treatment of domestic tourists by the local guides in the area where it has been reported that local guides are more willing to entertain foreign visitors. The Batad Environmental Tour Guides Association (BETGA) in association with the Batad Baranguay authorities are currently laying a concrete track down from the Batad Saddle to the village proper.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: The park is featured on the reverse side of the New Design series one thousand peso note printed from 1991 to 2012 as well as the reverse side of the New Generation Currency twenty peso note that was printed from 2010 to 2021.


title: Banaue Rice Terraces

text: Aside from the Banaue Rice terraces there are 4 other similar terraces: the Batad Rice Terraces, Mayoyao Rice Terraces, Hapao Rice Terraces, and Kiangan Rice Terraces. Soil types in this mountainous province are similar to that used to fabricate clay pots or clay jars (also used in construction by firing clay). The Batad Rice Terraces are located in Barangay Batad in Banaue, these terraces resemble an amphitheatre. The Mayoyao Rice Terraces are for a rice variety called "tinawon", a rare type of organic rice which is grown in red and white varieties in these terraces. The Hapao Rice Terraces are located in Hungduan and are stone-walled from Sagada rock formation and date back to 650 AD. The Kiangan Rice Terraces are in Banaue, on which are grown the rice varieties of nagacadan and julungan.


title: Open sesame

text: "Open sesame" (; ) is a magical phrase in the story of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" in Antoine Galland's version of "One Thousand and One Nights". It opens the mouth of a cave in which forty thieves have hidden a treasure.


title: Open sesame

text: The phrase first appears in Antoine Galland's French translation of " One Thousand and One Nights" (1704–1717) as "Sésame, ouvre-toi" (English, "Sesame, open yourself"). In the story, Ali Baba overhears one of the 40 thieves saying "open sesame". His brother later cannot remember the phrase, and confuses it with the names of grains other than sesame, becoming trapped in the magic cave.


title: Open sesame

text: Galland's phrase has been variously translated from the French into English as "Sesame, open", "Open, sesame" and "Open, O sesame".


title: Open sesame

text: Open sesame has been classified by Stith Thompson as motif element D1552.2, "Mountain opens to magic formula".


title: Open sesame

text: Sesame seeds grow in a seed pod that splits open when it reaches maturity, and the phrase possibly alludes to unlocking of treasures, although it is not certain that the word "sesame" actually refers to the sesame plant or seed.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: Shamsher Bahadur I (1734 – 18 January 1761), was a ruler of the Maratha dominion of Banda in northern India. He was the son of Bajirao I and Mastani.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: Krishna Rao was the son of Peshwa Baji Rao I and his second wife Mastani, daughter of Chhatrasal and his Persian Muslim wife, Ruhani Bai. Bajirao wanted him to be accepted as a Hindu Brahmin, but because of he was out of wedlock child , Brahmin priests refused to conduct the Hindu upanayana ceremony for him.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: His education and military training was conducted in line with other sons of the Peshwa family, even though many Maratha nobles and chiefs didn't recognize Mastani as a legitimate wife of the Peshwa.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: After the death of both Baji Rao and Mastani in 1740, Shamsher was taken into the household of Kashibai, Baji Rao's widow, and raised as one of her own. He married Laal Kunwar on 14 January 1749 and soon after her death in 1753, Shamsher Bahadur was married to Mehrambai on 18 October 1753. Shamsher Bahadur had one son by Mehrambai named Krishna Sinh later known Ali Bahadur. He was his successor as Subedar of Banda.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: Shamsher Bahadur was bestowed upon a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and Kalpi in present day North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: He, alongside Raghunathrao, Malharrao Holkar, Dattaji Shinde, Jankoji Shinde and other Sardars, went to Punjab in 1757–1758 to fight the Durrani Empire and conquered Attock, Peshawar, Multan in 1758. He was part of Maratha Conquest of North India.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: In 1761, he and his army contingent fought alongside his cousins from the Peshwa family in the Third Battle of Panipat between the Marathas and Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: Upon the death of Shamsher, his son Krishna Sinh (Ali Bahadur) (1758-1802), became the Nawab of the dominion of Banda (present day Uttar Pradesh) in northern India, a vassal of Maratha polity. Under the auspices of the powerful Maratha nobles, Ali Bahadur established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda and placed his trusted aide Ramsingh Bhatt as kotwal of Kalinjar.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: His son and successor Shamsher Bahadur II held allegiance towards the Maratha polity and fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803 His descendant Ali Bahadur fought alongside Rani Lakshmibai in the First War of Indian Independence of 1857. After his defeat, Banda state was abolished. The present day descendants of Shamsher Bahadur live in Central India.


title: Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)

text: In the 2015 film "Bajirao Mastani" he was referenced and his naming ceremony was shown. In the 2019 film "Panipat", Shamsher Bahadur I was played by Sahil Salathia.


title: Pooja Kumar

text: Pooja Kumar is an American actress of Indian descent who works in Tamil, Hindi, and English-language Indian films. After winning Miss India USA in 1995, she pursued a career as an actress and producer. She has appeared in a number of American films and shows, including "Man on a Ledge", "Brawl in Cell Block 99", "Bollywood Hero", "Flavors", "Hiding Divya", "Park Sharks", "Bollywood Beats", "Night of Henna", "Anything for You", "Drawing with Chalk", and "Knots Urbane". Her Indian films include "Vishwaroopam", and "Vishwaroopam 2" opposite actor Kamal Haasan, and "Uttama Villain". These were shot simultaneously in Hindi and Tamil. She made her Telugu debut with "PSV Garuda Vega", starring Rajasekhar.


title: Pooja Kumar

text: Kumar was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents immigrated from India in 1970. She attended Washington University, where she graduated with degrees in political science and finance. She is also trained in Indian classical dance. Kumar won Miss India USA in 1995.


title: Pooja Kumar

text: Kumar first signed on to appear in director Keyaar's Tamil film "Kadhal Rojave" in 1997, but the film's production delays meant that it was only released in 2000 and her stint as an actress in the Tamil film industry went unnoticed. She was earlier signed and then left out of the 1997 film "V. I. P", while she had also signed to appear alongside Karthik in Chithra Lakshmanan's "Chinna Raja", but was eventually dropped from the project.


title: Pooja Kumar

text: In 2003, she received the Screen Actors Guild Emerging Actress Award for "Flavors". In 2008, she hosted a late-night live quiz show on Zee TV in India, known as "Jaago Aur Jeeto". She appeared in the musical comedy miniseries "Bollywood Hero" on IFC in 2008. She starred opposite "Saturday Night Live" comedian Chris Kattan in the three-part series. In the late 2000s, she appeared in the Pakistani drama serial "Ishq Junoon Deewangi" on Hum TV. After a long gap, she reappeared onscreen in the film "Viswaroopam".


title: Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna

text: Originally scheduled to have a limited release in the U.S. by Fathom Events, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on cinemas. The film was released in the U.S. on home media formats in October and received extremely positive reviews. Critics considered the film to be a satisfactory conclusion to the "Adventure" arc, praising the story, voice acting, animation, and mature themes. Many considered the film to be on par with that of Mamoru Hosoda's previous works on "Digimon" and comparing the film favorably to "Toy Story 3".


text: A sequel titled "Digimon Adventure 02: The Beginning", which will serve as the series finale of the "Digimon Adventure 02" story, is under development.


text: Five years after the events of "Digimon Adventure tri.", Tai and the other DigiDestined are approaching adulthood; however, Tai and Matt still remain undecided about their future goals. The DigiDestined later meet Menoa Bellucci, a professor at Columbia University in New York City, and Kyotaro Imura, her bodyguard. Menoa claims that Eosmon is targeting DigiDestined around the world by robbing both them and their Digimon partners of their consciousness. With Menoa's help, Tai, Matt, Izzy, T.K., and their Digimon fight Eosmon on the Internet.


text: When Tai and Matt fuse their Digimon into Omnimon, their form falls apart, allowing Eosmon to escape. In the real world, Tai and Matt find countdown rings on their Digivices. Menoa explains the Digivices are powered by the infinite potential of children, and because Tai and Matt are growing up with their potential fulfilled, they have a time limit before they are separated from their Digimon forever. She also warns them that Digivolving will accelerate the countdown. While Izzy examines Eosmon's gems, Matt suspects Imura is involved with Eosmon, and asks Davis, Yolei, Cody and Ken to investigate Menoa's job in New York. Meanwhile, Gennai visits Tai and Agumon, corroborating Menoa's statement.


text: After Eosmon leaves Mimi unconscious, Matt gives Tai and Izzy prepaid mobile phones out of suspicion they are being tracked and also shows them a news article revealing that Menoa used to have a Digimon partner. As Matt continues to investigate Imura, he learns from Davis' group that Imura's identity is fake and Eosmon's data was found on his hard drive, deducing that he is the culprit. Izzy is sent a link to a live stream video of T.K. and Kari held hostage, prompting Tai and Matt to rescue them, while Joe goes missing. By the time they arrive, T.K. and Kari are already unconscious from Eosmon. On the way, Matt confronts Imura, who reveals he is an FBI agent investigating Menoa, and he realizes that Menoa orchestrated the kidnappings and Eosmon as a distraction to target Izzy for the list of DigiDestined. Realizing this as well, Izzy texts Tai with the coordinates to Menoa's location in the Digital World, before she renders him unconscious.


text: In the Digital World, Menoa confirms that she lost her Digimon partner, Morphomon, prematurely from growing up, and discovered Eosmon's digi-egg during the recent aurora. To prevent the other DigiDestined from experiencing loss, she has captured their consciousness to allow them to be with their Digimon partners as children forever. Menoa sends a swarm of Eosmon clones to the real world to kidnap more DigiDestined, sparking battles worldwide. Tai, Matt, and their Digimon resolve to stop Menoa even if it quickens their separation, and Agumon and Gabumon fuse into Omnimon to fight her and the Eosmon clones. After Menoa biomerges with Eosmon, Eosmon cuts Omnimon into pieces, causing it to split again. Tai and Matt are assaulted by the DigiDestined and their Digimon partners, but Tai awakens and turns them back to normal with Kari's whistle. While the DigiDestined and their Digimon partners join the battle, Tai, Matt, and their Digimon make one final Digivolution, forming Agumon (Bond of Courage) and Gabumon (Bond of Friendship). The two Digimon defeat Eosmon, with Menoa finding closure with Morphomon.


text: After the battle, Imura arrests Menoa. Tai and Matt spend their remaining time with Agumon and Gabumon respectively, until they vanish and their Digivices turn into stone. The next spring, Tai and Matt move on with their lives and pursue their dream careers, under the belief that they may see their Digimon partners again in the future.


text: The Japanese cast of "Digimon Adventure tri." returned to reprise their roles. As was the case with that series of films, the DigiDestined characters from "Digimon Adventure 02" were recast with new actors while their Digimon retained their original actors. The English cast from "Digimon Adventure tri." reprised their roles with two recast roles. As for the Digidestined and their Digimon from "Digimon Adventure 02", all characters were recast to new actors, except Ken, Veemon and Wormmon who retained their original actors.


text: A new film project was announced on July 29, 2018 as part of the series' 20th anniversary. The film, titled "Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna", is directed by Tomohisa Taguchi and written by Akatsuki Yamatoya, featuring animation by Yumeta Company. It was then teased on Toei's YouTube film account that Toei Animation is producing the film, and the rest of the staff and cast are returning to reprise their roles. It premiered on February 21, 2020.


text: Development for "Last Evolution Kizuna" started in 2017, whilst "Digimon Adventure tri." was in the middle of airing. It was made as the staff realized the "Digimon Adventure" series was the most popular part of the "Digimon" franchise as a whole after the positive reception to "Adventure tri.", so they decided to make another "Adventure" movie for its 20th anniversary. Toei aimed the main cast to become far more likable as characters. While the teenagers were known as heroes in television series, they had yet to mature in the narrative to be appeal more to the audience.


text: On May 28, 2018, original Director of "Digimon Adventure" and "Digimon Adventure 02", Hiroyuki Kakudo revealed he had quit the staff of "Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna" after something was approved that he claimed was incompatible with what the previous series had established. On September 20, 2020, Producer Yosuke Kinoshita stated that "Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna" is in continuity with "Digimon Adventure", "Digimon Adventure 02", "Digimon Adventure 02: Digimon Hurricane Landing!!/Transcendent Evolution!! The Golden Digimentals", and "Digimon Adventure tri.". This included the end of the final episode of "02", set in 2026, where the DigiDestined are adults.


text: Before the film's release in the U.S., Comic Book Resources held an interview with Executive Producer Yosuke Kinoshita regarding the franchise itself and what he wanted the fans to take away from the film. During the interview, Yosuke stated, "As we go through life, I believe that it is not only success and joy that makes you grow as a person but also overcoming failure. Hard and sad realities are what keeps us alive. I'm sure there will be a lot of obstacles in the future, but let's go live our lives forward strongly! This is the message that we are trying to convey."


text: During the production of the English dub, Brian Donovan was supposed to reprise Davis Motomiya. Unfortunately, he was unable to because of a fault in his home studio and the role was recast to Griffin Burns. Additionally, the rest of the English Dub production began around February 2020 and finished up at the end of spring. Majority of the cast recorded their sessions from their Home studio due to the ongoing pandemic.


text: The film was released in Japanese theaters on February 21, 2020. Set in the same continuity of the first two "Digimon" television anime series, the film serves as the finale to the original "Digimon Adventure" story.


text: The film was also scheduled to be released in its original Japanese format with English subtitles through Fathom Events in the United States on March 25, 2020, but was cancelled because of movie theater closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was set to be released direct-to-video in the United States on July 7, 2020 but production was delayed indefinitely on May 9, 2020. On July 20, 2020, it was announced it will be released digitally on September 29, 2020, and on DVD/Blu-ray on October 6, 2020.


text: The Japanese release of the DVD and Blu-ray was released on September 2, 2020 along with an audio drama to come with it on CD.


text: Critical reception of the film was very positive. Kambole Cambell from IGN gave the film a 9/10, stating, "An impressively bold and mature final installment, "Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna" realizes the full potential of its cast and the power of a definitive ending, driven by an inventive visual sensibility, exciting set-pieces, and heart-wrenching emotional stakes." Common Sense Media gave the film a 4/5, stating, "This is a bittersweet coming-of-age story that manages to transcend the expected anime battles and action. For those coming into the movie without knowing all of the ins and outs of this particular anime universe, the movie's heady themes of life and death, growing up and moving on, and making your own way in the world are poignant, universal, and relatable."


text: Polygon gave the film a positive review, stating, "It's a love letter not only to the entire franchise, but to those who have grown up watching these characters throughout the years. This is the conclusion fans have been waiting for." "Comic Book Resources" also gave the film a positive review, stating, ""Last Evolution" isn't a cinematic masterpiece (no surprise there) but what it is a masterclass on how to age a long-running, commercial property with grace and bring it to a conclusion with dignity. The original DigiDestined's journey, as we once knew it, is over, but this isn't a story about putting away childish things."


text: Critics praised the film for its themes of adulthood and, "letting things go." Daryl Harding of Crunchyroll states that, "it "is" about growing up and letting go. For the characters, it's hard to be a DigiDestined and still have a job – apparently saving the world doesn't pay well. It's not about them choosing what to focus on, it's about them learning how to juggle both responsibilities without cracking." Regarding the themes, IGN also felt that the film handled them very well, "It's ultimately bittersweet, but the film's embrace of change is tackled with inspiring optimism, positing that moving forward shouldn't be treated as a loss, but as a new direction, definitively closing this chapter of Digimon Adventure while looking forward to what new things might spring from it." Regarding the themes, Polygon also stated "for those who are on board with the way the film handles the transition out of childhood, "Last Evolution" will be like saying goodbye to a childhood friend you don't often speak to, but still hold close to your heart."


text: The film drew comparisons to Mamoru Hosoda's previous works on Digimon, as well as drawing comparisons to "Toy Story 3". Polygon stated, "Like "Toy Story 3", "Kizuna" goes for a bittersweet conclusion that waves goodbye to childhood while suggesting that eventually, we all learn to find a balance between our responsibilities and our desires..."Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna" manages to be the best addition to the "Digimon" franchise since Mamoru Hosoda was at the helm. Its references to previous franchise installments, its surprising cameos, and its emotional story all help put a bow on 20 years of adventures, while providing a nice returning point for fans who may have skipped the underwhelming "Tri" series of films." IGN stated, "The hallmarks of Mamoru Hosoda (who directed the first Digimon movie along with a number of short films) are still in play, with simple yet creative visual distinctions between the digital world and in the real world, clean red lines used to draw characters while moving about the former, sometimes flattening their coloring as the space around them changes. The conclusion recalls the likes of "Toy Story 3" and "", as a film that trusts its audience to be able to let go, though here with a more definitive and perhaps even more heart-wrenching finality."


text: is a series of Japanese anime shorts related to "Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna", the first of which, "To Sora", being a prequel set a day before the film. The rest feature side stories about the DigiDestined and their Partner Digimon going about their every day lives that were unable to make it into the film itself.


text: Between August 2021 and July 2022, a sequel titled "Digimon Adventure 02: The Beginning" was announced. The film will serve as the series finale of the "Digimon Adventure 02" story.


title: Porsche 982

text: The Porsche 982 is the internal designation of the fourth generation Boxster/Cayman (third generation Cayman) made by German automobile manufacturer Porsche. With the switch to a new turbocharged flat-four engine the marketing name for the models was changed to Porsche 718, in reference to the 718, which won the Targa Florio race in 1959 and 1960. The name is meant to evoke Porsche's past racing successes with light cars like the 718 that outmaneuvered competitors with larger and more powerful engines.


title: Porsche 982

text: The 718 Boxster was introduced in January 2016, and premiered at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. The 718 Cayman joined the range in April at the Beijing Motor Show. The 718 featured two new horizontally-opposed flat-4 turbocharged engines at 2.0-litre (Boxster/Cayman) and 2.5-litre (Boxster S/Cayman S) displacement with increased torque and horsepower with lower fuel consumption. The S model turbocharger utilizes Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) technology.


title: Porsche 982

text: The 718 T models were released for the 2020 model year as more sport-oriented versions of the base 718 models. As such, the T features the same 2.0-litre flat-4 engine as the base 718 but adds performance-oriented options such as Porsche's 20mm drop sport suspension system, the Sport Chrono package with dynamic drivetrain mounts, and a limited-slip differential, GT4 Short Shifter from the GT4, sports exhaust with black tips, along with cosmetic differences including special decals along the lower doors, a smaller-diameter sport steering wheel, door pull straps in place of standard door handles, wheels from the Porsche 992 Carrera S in special Titanium Grey color, and Titanium Grey rear badging. Also includes Titanium Grey mirror caps, black headlight washers, black interior trim, Sports-Tex Cloth and Leather Sports-plus seats.


title: Porsche 982

text: Later in October 2017, the GTS models were announced with their 2.5-litre engines rated at . The Boxster could accelerate to from a standstill in 4.1 seconds, and the Cayman in 3.9 seconds.


title: Porsche 982

text: Since 2020, the GTS 4.0 model has been offered for both 718 models. The new model features the 4.0-litre flat-6 from the Cayman GT4 and Boxster Spyder, however de-tuned to . Both GTS 4.0 models can accelerate to from a standstill in 4.3 seconds. By late 2020, PDK gearbox is available as an option for 718 GTS 4.0. The acceleration time of 0- has been reduced to 3.9 seconds.


title: Porsche 982

text: The exterior of the 718 Boxster and Cayman is very similar to the third generation, more of an evolution than a redesign. The most notable changes are to the rear of the car, which now has a long black-trim bar across the rear connecting the two taillights. The headlights and bumper are also heavily reworked. On the sides, the mirrors have been redesigned, taking hue from the SportDesign mirrors on the GT3.


title: Porsche 982

text: The interior remains very similar to the 981 Cayman / Boxster and the 991.2 generation of the Porsche 911. The main change is the new PCM 4.0 infotainment system, which replaces the PCM 3.1. If the optional Sport Chrono package is present, the steering wheel comes with a mode selector switch that includes a selection of Sports and Sports Plus driving modes, resulting in snappier throttle response at the cost of fuel efficiency. Overall, the most prominent design features of the 981 Cayman / Boxster remain, including large air induction ports on the side, and the prominent horizontal aluminium piece used for adding oil and coolant in the trunk.


title: Porsche 982

text: Despite the loss of two cylinders, the 718 Cayman / Boxster was assessed to be mechanically superior to the 981 model with improved acceleration and steering, while the new 4 cylinder engine "cheapens the experience". The 718 Cayman was declared "Motor Trend"'s 2nd best Drivers car in 2017, which praised the car's handling and throttle response. Giving the award, Miguel Cortina noted, "The suspension is just what you want to feel in a car like this—stiff, sporty, rigid. You get a very good sense of what is happening on the road."


title: Porsche 982

text: By far, the most contentious reaction to the 718 Cayman was the sound of the engine - which received nearly universal criticism by the automotive press. "Car and Driver" called it a, "raspy, uncouth sound that strikes some drivers as unpleasant and grating." Top Gear noted that the sound, "fundamentally cheapens the Porsche experience," and makes the car, "less upmarket, less cultured and sophisticated than it did before." However, "Motor Trend"'s "Ignition" tested the 718 Cayman against the 981 Cayman GT4, and found that the performance gains were so strong the car had the capability to outmaneuver the GT4 at a much lower price. They concluded that the tradeoff was probably worth it.


title: Porsche 982

text: The 718 GTS variant of the Cayman and Boxster received generally positive reviews. Visually, the front headlight and rear taillights were smokey black, and an aggressive front sports fascia was added. Performance upgrades included Porsche Sports Exhaust, a Sports Chrono Package, Porsche Stability Management were all added as standard features. By expanding the air intake, the 718 GTS has an additional 15-horsepower and even more torque than the 718 S. In addition, carmine red was added as a color as a $2580 option. Used in most of Porsche advertising with the GTS, the color is darker than Porsche Guards Red, and very similar to the Italian racing color used by Ferrari, Rosso Corsa.


title: Porsche 982

text: Many reviewers, including "New York Times" contributor Tom Voelk, noted that the 718 GTS had a much more pleasing sound than the base 718 and the 718 S. “One of the biggest complaints of the 718 is that its turbo 4 engine doesn’t have the distinctive sound that the outgoing 6 cylinder had,” said Voelk. “But the 718 GTS sounds much better. It has different intakes and a larger turbo.” The sound of the 718 GTS engine has much more prominent bass frequencies, which contrast with a strong treble pitch of the turbocharger.


title: Porsche 982

text: However, "Evo" magazine argues that, while "capable of challenging the 911 as a true sports car", the "718 version of the GTS doesn't really achieve anything more than the Cayman GTS it replaces" and "with its more desirable engine, it's the previous model that feels more exotic and like a much higher quality product." It describes the GTS' engine as "a nasty sounding motor", the noise from the turbo four-cylinder in the cabin as "dreadful" and "tuneless drivel" and contests that "the only redeeming feature of the 718 GTS sonically is that this is probably the quietest iteration of this motor".


title: Porsche 982

text: The 718 Cayman GT4 and 718 Spyder (previously named the Boxster Spyder) were revealed in June 2019. Both are differentiated from less powerful models by more aggressive bodywork, including a lower stance, new front bumper, a large new diffuser, and exhaust pipes that are spaced farther apart. The GT4 also features larger side intakes and an adjustable wing, the latter of which helps it generate up to of downforce, 50 percent more than its predecessor. Both have a naturally aspirated 4.0-litre flat-6 derived from the 992's 3.0-litre 9A2EVO engine, which is rated at at 7,600 rpm and of torque at 5,000–6,800 rpm. The engine has cylinder deactivation, a first for Porsche. Porsche claims a top speed of for the GT4, and for the Spyder. The front suspension and brakes are borrowed from the 911 GT3, and the adaptive dampers, ABS and stability-control programming are borrowed from the 911 GT3 RS. The anti-roll bar end links, camber and toe can be manually adjusted, but the ride height– lower than a standard 718–is fixed. Both are around 15 kg heavier than the GTS models. Sales commenced in the spring of 2020. For the 2021 model year, the GT4 and Spyder became available with the 7-speed PDK dual-clutch transmission as an option. It reduces the acceleration time of 0- from 4.3 seconds to 3.7 seconds.


title: Porsche 982

text: In 2021, Porsche unveiled the 718 Cayman GT4 RS, the first Cayman to receive the RS treatment which is usually reserved for the 911 models. With a 4.0 naturally aspirated flat-six derived from the 911 GT3, it puts out and with an rpm limit of 9,000rpm, which allows it to sprint from in just 3.4 seconds. It generates 25% more downforce than the GT4 variant, through a swan-neck attachment fixed rear wing. The GT4 RS lapped the Nürburgring Nordschleife 23 seconds faster than the GT4.