title: Fernando Llorente

text: On 13 February 2019, Llorente scored the last goal in a 3–0 Champions League win over Borussia Dortmund, only three minutes after coming off the bench; it was his first career goal in the knockout stages of that competition, and 11th in total. On 17 April, in the same competition, he scored what turned out to be the winning goal in the quarter-final fixture against Manchester City (the tie ended 4–4, Tottenham progressing on the away goals rule). In the second leg of the semi-final away to Ajax, he replaced Victor Wanyama at half time and played a crucial role in helping his team come back from a three-goal aggregate deficit to make it 3–3 and progress again in the same fashion. In the final played in Madrid, he was introduced off the bench with eight minutes remaining and the side already behind, was unable to affect the outcome as Liverpool won 2–0 to take the trophy.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: Despite his success in the Champions League, Llorente's contract expired on 30 June 2019 with no official statement from Tottenham on his position. His name was included in their 'released players' list submitted to the Premier League on 7 June 2019 (before he was actually released), and his profile was later removed from the first team squad list on the website for the upcoming season.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: On 2 September 2019, Llorente joined Napoli on a free transfer, returning to Italy four years after leaving Juventus. He made his league debut against Sampdoria on 14 September, where he provided an assist for Dries Mertens within minutes of coming on as a substitute to help the team win 2–0. His first goal for the club came three days later in the Champions League group stage game against Liverpool, scoring in injury time to seal a 2–0 victory.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: Llorente continued to be used in the 'super-sub' role, as was previously the case at Tottenham; although he was rarely started, he was often brought on in the second half of matches, to cause problems for tiring opposition defences with his physical presence.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: On 27 January 2021, Llorente signed a one-and-a-half-year contract with Udinese. In August, however, he was released.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: On 27 October 2021, after three months without a club, the 36-year-old Llorente joined Eibar on a one-year deal. Once it expired, he left.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: Llorente represented Spain at the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, his five goals winning him the silver boot as the competition's second highest scorer. He was also capped at under-17 and under-21 levels.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: On 14 November 2008, senior national team manager Vicente del Bosque called Llorente up for a friendly against Chile; he was brought on as a substitute in the 72nd minute of the 3–0 win. He scored his first goal in the 64th minute of a 2–0 friendly win over England on 11 February 2009, after coming off the bench. After scoring 14 goals for Athletic in 2008–09, he was named by del Bosque in his 23-man squad for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. He was used as a substitute against hosts South Africa, and closed a 2–0 victory.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: Llorente was not selected during the 2009–10 season, as del Bosque favoured Álvaro Negredo. He was, however, selected for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa as third-choice striker, where he played in one match for the eventual champions, the last thirty minutes of the 1–0 round of 16 defeat of Portugal.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: On 8 October 2010, benefiting from an injury to Fernando Torres, Llorente started in a Euro 2012 qualifier against Lithuania in Salamanca, scoring with two headers in a 3–1 win. Four days later, as a substitute, he scored the winner against Scotland in a 3–2 victory at Hampden Park. He was selected for the final stages in Poland and Ukraine, and was an unused squad member as Spain won another tournament.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: Llorente was one of seven players dropped from the final squad for the 2014 World Cup. He also represented the unofficial Basque Country team five times, making his debut against Cameroon in 2005 and scoring once against Catalonia at the Camp Nou the following year. His last appearance was in December 2007.


title: Fernando Llorente

text: A tall, large, and physically powerful player, Llorente's main traits are his heading ability and strength in the air, which enable him to function effectively as a target-man in the centre of his team's attacking line. He is also known for his offensive movement, positional sense, and goalscoring ability inside the penalty area. Additionally, he is also gifted with good technical skills and link-up play, which allows him to play well with his back to goal and hold up the ball for his teammates in order to create space and scoring opportunities.


title: Nino Rota

text: Giovanni Rota Rinaldi (; 3 December 1911 – 10 April 1979), better known as Nino Rota (), was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's "Godfather" trilogy, earning the Academy Award for Best Original Score for "The Godfather Part II" (1974).


title: Nino Rota

text: During his long career, Rota was an extraordinarily prolific composer, especially of music for the cinema. He wrote more than 150 scores for Italian and international productions from the 1930s until his death in 1979 — an average of three scores each year over a 46-year period, and in his most productive period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s he wrote as many as ten scores every year, and sometimes more, with a remarkable thirteen film scores to his credit in 1954. Alongside this great body of film work, he composed ten operas, five ballets and dozens of other orchestral, choral and chamber works, the best known being his string concerto. He also composed the music for many theatre productions by Visconti, Zeffirelli and Eduardo De Filippo as well as maintaining a long teaching career at the Liceo Musicale in Bari, Italy, where he was the director for almost 30 years.


title: Nino Rota

text: Rota was born Giovanni Rota Rinaldi on 3 December 1911, into a musical family in Milan, Italy. Rota was a renowned child prodigy — his first "oratorio", "L'infanzia di San Giovanni Battista", was written at age 11 and performed in Milan and Paris as early as 1923; his three-act lyrical comedy after Hans Christian Andersen, "Il Principe Porcaro", was composed when he was just 13 and published in 1926. He studied at the Milan conservatory there under Giacomo Orefice and then undertook serious study of composition under Ildebrando Pizzetti and Alfredo Casella at the Conservatorio Santa Cecilia in Rome, graduating in 1930.


title: Nino Rota

text: Encouraged by Arturo Toscanini, Rota moved to the United States, where he lived from 1930 to 1932. He won a scholarship to the Curtis Institute of Philadelphia, where he was taught conducting by Fritz Reiner and had Rosario Scalero as an instructor in composition. Returning to Milan, he wrote a thesis on the Renaissance composer Gioseffo Zarlino. Rota earned a degree in literature from the University of Milan, graduating in 1937, and began a teaching career that led to the directorship of the Liceo Musicale in Bari, a title he held from 1950 until 1978.


title: Nino Rota

text: Nino Rota wrote the score for the film "The Glass Mountain" in 1949. Notable was the singing of Tito Gobbi. The film won a number of awards.


title: Nino Rota

text: In his entry on Rota in the 1988 edition of "The Concise Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Composers and Musicians", music scholar Nicolas Slonimsky described him as "brilliant" and stated that his musical style:


title: Nino Rota

text: One of Rota's compositional habits, however, came up for disapproving remarks: his penchant for pastiche of various past styles, which quite often turned into outright quotation of his own earlier music or even others' music. One of the most noticed examples of such incorporation is his use of the "Larghetto" from Dvorák's "Serenade for Strings in E major" as a theme for a character in Fellini's "La Strada".


title: Nino Rota

text: During the 1940s, Rota composed scores for more than 32 films, including Renato Castellani's "" (1944). His association with Fellini began with "Lo Sceicco Bianco (The White Sheik)" (1952), followed by "I Vitelloni" (1953) and "La Strada (The Road)" (1954). They continued to work together for decades, and Fellini recalled:


title: Nino Rota

text: The relationship between Fellini and Rota was so strong that at Fellini's funeral Giulietta Masina, Fellini's wife, asked trumpeter Mauro Maur to play Rota's "Improvviso dell'Angelo" in the Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome.


title: Nino Rota

text: Rota's score for Fellini's "8½" (1963) is often cited as one of the factors which makes the film cohesive. His score for Fellini's "Juliet of the Spirits" (1965) included a collaboration with Eugene Walter on the song, "Go Milk the Moon" (cut from the final version of the film), and they teamed again for the song "What Is a Youth?", part of Rota's score for Franco Zeffirelli's "Romeo and Juliet".


title: Nino Rota

text: The American Film Institute ranked Rota's score for "The Godfather" number 5 on their list of the greatest film scores. After being nominated for an Academy Award for this score, the nomination was later revoked when it was discovered that Rota recycled a theme from a previous score, one he wrote two decades prior for the film "Fortunella" and thus no longer considered original despite being played differently. The nomination was then given to the film "Sleuth ", while Charlie Chaplin and two co-authors for their score featured in "Limelight", a 21-year-old film that had just become eligible because it had not been screened in Los Angeles until 1972, went on to win the award. He went on to win an Oscar for his score for "The Godfather Part II". His score for "War and Peace" was also nominated for the list. In all, Rota wrote scores to more than 150 films.


title: Nino Rota

text: Rota wrote numerous concerti and other orchestral works as well as piano, chamber and choral music, much of which has been recorded and released on CD. After his death from heart failure in 1979, Rota's music was the subject of Hal Willner's 1981 tribute album "Amarcord Nino Rota", which featured several at the time relatively unknown but now famous jazz musicians. Gus Van Sant used some of Rota's music in his 2007 film "Paranoid Park" and director Michael Winterbottom used several Rota selections in the 2005 film "Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story". Danny Elfman frequently cites Nino Rota as a major influence (particularly on his scores for the Pee-Wee films). Director Mario Monicelli filmed a documentary "Un amico magico: il maestro Nino Rota" which featured interviews with Franco Zeffirelli and Riccardo Muti (a student under Rota at Bari Conservatory), and was followed by a German documentary "Nino Rota - Un maestro della musica". Both explored film and concert sides of the composer.


title: Nino Rota

text: His 1955 opera "Il cappello di paglia di Firenze" ("The Florentine Straw Hat") is an adaptation of the play by Eugène Labiche and was presented by the Santa Fe Opera in 1977. In 2005 his opera "Aladino e la lampada magica" ("Aladdin and the Magical Lamp"), with Cosmin Ifrim in the title role, was performed in German translation at the Vienna State Opera and released on DVD. "Il cappello di paglia di Firenze" and "Aladino e la lampada magica" are regularly staged in Europe as are many symphonic and chamber titles


title: Nino Rota

text: Written for a radio production by RAI in 1950, his short opera, "I due timidi" ("The Two Timid Ones"), was presented by the Santa Fe Opera as part of their pre-season "One-Hour Opera" program in May/June 2008.


title: Nino Rota

text: A critic conversing with Nino Rota at the age of eleven just prior to a performance of his oratorio, "The Childhood of St. John the Baptist", in 1923:


title: How You Like That

text: "How You Like That" is a song recorded in Korean and Japanese by South Korean girl group Blackpink. It was released on June 26, 2020, through YG Entertainment, YG Plus and Interscope Records, as the pre-release single from the group's first Korean-language studio album, "The Album" (2020). An EDM, hip hop, trap, club and pop song, it was co-written by Danny Chung, R. Tee, 24, and Teddy Park, while the latter produced the song.


title: How You Like That

text: "How You Like That" was a commercial success in South Korea and peaked at number one on the Gaon Digital Chart for three weeks, marking Blackpink's third number-one single in the country. The song also topped the national charts in Hungary, Singapore, and Malaysia as well as "Billboard"s K-pop Hot 100 and World Digital Songs charts, and figured within the record charts in 26 other countries. The song was certified platinum in South Korea and Japan for streaming as well as gold in Canada and silver in the United Kingdom, while the physical version was also certified platinum in South Korea for surpassing 250,000 units sold.


title: How You Like That

text: The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Seo Hyun-seung and uploaded onto Blackpink's YouTube channel simultaneously with the single's release. Upon release, the music video broke several YouTube records, including for the most-watched premiere, the most views within 24 hours for a music video—accumulating 86.3 million views in that time—and for the fastest to surpass 100 million and 200 million views. It also became one of the most-liked videos on YouTube with over 20 million likes. "How You Like That" won numerous accolades, including Song of Summer at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards and Best Dance Award for a female group at both the 2020 Melon Music Awards and Mnet Asian Music Awards in Seoul.


title: How You Like That

text: On May 4, 2020, it was reported that the group had finished recording their new album and were working on a schedule to shoot a music video later that month. On May 18, YG Entertainment shared an update on the project, projected for a June 2020 release, and revealed that more than ten songs were expected for their first full-length album. On June 10, YG Entertainment released the teaser poster to the single on social media and confirmed the comeback date to be June 26. Three days later, YG Entertainment released a prologue of the group's newest reality show, "24/365 with Blackpink", ahead of its launch on July 4, via YouTube. The show documents their comeback alongside sharing their lives through vlogs. According to member Jisoo in the prologue of "24/365 with Blackpink", the song represented a move from previous "powerful" music, describing it as more "swag".


title: How You Like That

text: On June 15, YG Entertainment released individual posters of the members. The teaser video was released on June 21. The official group teaser poster was revealed on June 22. The music video teaser was released on June 24, and the song officially premiered on June 26, 2020, after an hour-long live countdown. A physical version of the single was released on July 17, 2020, featuring the song and its instrumental.


title: How You Like That

text: "How You Like That" was written by Teddy Park, Danny Chung, R. Tee, 24 and produced by the later three. It runs for three minutes and two seconds. Musically, "How You Like That" is an EDM, hip hop, trap, club and pop song about "not being daunted by dark situations and to not lose the confidence and strength to stand up again". A "thrillingly bombastic lead single", "Billboard" wrote, the track "fuses pop, trap and hip-hop with regal horn blasts and a braggadocious hook."


title: How You Like That

text: In terms of musical notation, the song is written in the key of B major and has a tempo of 130 beats per minute.


title: How You Like That

text: Following the release of "How You Like That", it was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. "Consequence of Sound" named the song the 27th best track of the year, writing that the members "deliver a positive message of perseverance over a slamming, hip-hop-oriented track with plenty of explosive drops." The "Los Angeles Times" included the song in their list of 50 best songs of 2020, stating that the "squelchy, gum-smacking and titanically fun comeback should cement them as pop stars, full-stop, in the U.S. for years to come." "Billboard" magazine ranked the song at number 23 in their list of 100 Best Songs of 2020, complimenting its composition and the group's energy, further asserting the "fireworks show of a coda" was "the most thrilling 30 seconds of pop all year." Crystal Bell of "Paper" magazine opened the review by commenting it "was lambasted for its formulaic structure", however she rebutted that by highlighting its addictive nature and referred to the song as "gloriously big", having "significantly more cultural impact than their other singles this year."


title: How You Like That

text: In South Korea, the song debuted at number 12 on the Gaon Digital Chart issue dated June 21–27 with less than two days of tracking. The following week (June 28–July 4) it rose to number one, making it Blackpink's third single to do so, after "Whistle" (2016) and "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" (2018). It remained atop the chart for three weeks and became the first song by the group since "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" to top the Gaon Monthly chart. The physical version of the single debuted at number two on the Gaon Album Chart, and peaked at number one the following week. It sold 302,377 copies in 2020 and was certified Platinum by the Korea Music Content Association. The song entered the "Billboard" K-pop Hot 100 chart issue dated June 27 at number 50, and reached number one the following week on the issue dated July 4. In Japan, the single debuted at number 24 on the Oricon Combined Singles Chart with 8,219 downloads sold and 1,804,749 streams in its first three days. It debuted at number 17 on the "Billboard Japan" Hot 100 with 3,952 estimated units, and peaked at number eight the following week with 6,321 estimated units. The song peaked at number one in Malaysia and Singapore for eight weeks each, and was the highest-selling song of 2020 in Malaysia.


title: How You Like That

text: In the United States, "How You Like That" debuted at number 33 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, tying with "Sour Candy" as the highest-charting song by a female Korean act at that time. It debuted at number two on the Digital Song Sales chart with 16,400 copies sold and at number 18 on the Streaming Songs chart. The song also reached the top twenty in Australia, Canada, Estonia, Hungary, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Scotland. The track reached 38.9 million streams in the UK as of September 2022, becoming the group's third most streamed song in the country. Globally, "How You Like That" debuted at number five and peaked at number two on the daily Spotify Global Chart, breaking the record for the biggest girl group debut in Spotify history. Following the chart's launch in September, "How You Like That" charted on the "Billboard" Global 200 for 34 weeks, becoming the third longest-charting song by a K-pop act as well as the longest-charting song among all female K-pop acts. In 2021, the song became the first by a female Korean group to surpass 500 million streams on Spotify.


title: How You Like That

text: The music video for "How You Like That" is directed by Seo Hyun-seung, who previously directed "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" and "Kill This Love". It was the most streamed music video premiere on YouTube at the time with 1.66 million concurrent viewers, as well as one of the platform's most viewed music videos in its first 24 hours with 86.3 million views. It became the fastest video in the platform's history to hit 100 million views, doing so in 32 hours, and 200 million views, doing so in seven days. On November 12, 2021, the music video accumulated one billion views, becoming Blackpink's fifth music video and the fastest music video by a Korean female act to do so.


title: How You Like That

text: In the beginning scene of the music video, all four sit like queens atop steps. The members are depicted dancing in several locations, including a jungle, a trapezoidal hall, and the Arctic, all while rocking a parade of high-fashion looks. At the end, they are united in a dance break in a grand domed hall where the quartet are surrounded by back-up dancers. The colorful music video shows Jennie, Lisa, Rosé and Jisoo delivering both a message of resilience and a blistering kiss-off to an unseen foe.


title: How You Like That

text: Controversy sparked on social media after the official music video's release due to the inclusion of a statue of the Hindu god Ganesha in a solo scene with band member Lisa. The statue was used as a prop and placed on the floor next to a bejewelled "Aladdin" lamp, causing an outcry from fans who labelled the placement as "inappropriate" and "disrespectful", and the statue's usage as "cultural appropriation". The statue was subsequently edited out of the video.


title: How You Like That

text: A dance performance video was additionally released on July 6, 2020; the video features the four members doing the full choreography in matching black athleisure in front of a hot pink background. In the climax, the girls are joined by eight back-up dancers for a high-energy, synchronized finale. In January 2021, it became the first K-pop dance performance video to reach 500 million views on YouTube. On February 7, 2022, it became the first K-pop dance performance video and Blackpink's sixth video to achieve one billion views. It also marked the first time that both the music video and the dance performance video for the same song reached one billion views each.


title: How You Like That

text: The dance performance video was named the 20th best music video of 2020 by "Billboard" and was praised as being "endlessly watchable".


title: How You Like That

text: The song was featured in the 10th episode of the first season of the Disney+ series "Big Shot" titled "Marvyn's Playbook" , which aired on June 18, 2021.


title: How You Like That

text: The song also was featured in the first trailer of "" in an interview with directors Derek Drymon and Jennifer Kluska.


title: How You Like That

text: Credits adapted from liner notes from "How You Like That (booklet)" and Tidal. Recorded at YG Entertainment.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: The 9M730 Burevestnik (; "Petrel", NATO reporting name: SSC-X-9 Skyfall) is a Russian experimental nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile under development for the Russian Armed Forces. The missile has an essentially unlimited range.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: The Burevestnik is one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: The Soviet Union and later Russia have been uncertain since the 1980s to what extent their ICBM nuclear arsenal is nullified by the United States' anti-ballistic missile system Strategic Defense Initiative, proposed during the Reagan Administration and commonly known as the Star Wars program. This type of weapon flies under the ballistic weapon shield and is part of President Putin's broader program to attempt to advance Russian nuclear strike capability.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: The Russian defense industry began developing an intercontinental-range nuclear-powered cruise missile capable of penetrating any interceptor-based missile defense system. It is said to have unlimited range and ability to evade missile defenses. A major stage of trials of the cruise missile of the Burevestnik complex, the tests of the nuclear power unit, were successfully completed in January 2019.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: The cruise missile received the name "Burevestnik" (which translates as Storm petrel, a seabird) as a result of an open vote on the website of the Ministry of Defence of Russia.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: According to Vladimir Putin and the Russian Ministry of Defense, the missile's dimensions are comparable to those of the Kh-101 cruise missile and it is equipped with a small-sized nuclear power unit. The claimed operational range is orders of magnitude greater than that of Kh-101. As shown in an official presentation, the missile starts from an inclined launcher using a detachable rocket booster.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: Pavel Ivanov from "VPK-news" states that the cruise missile is one and a half to two times the size of the Kh-101, the wings of the "Burevestnik" are rooted "on top of the fuselage, rather than below it like on the Kh-101", and also notes that there are "characteristic protrusions where air is most likely heated by the nuclear reactor". According to Ivanov, the mass of the "Burevestnik" is "several times to order of magnitude" greater than that of the Kh-101, which eliminates Tu-160 and Tu-95 as potential carriers of the missile.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: According to "Nezavisimaya Gazeta", "Burevestnik" is a nuclear thermal rocket with a solid-fueled booster engine. The length of the missile is at launch and in flight. The nose has the shape of an "ellipse × in size".


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: Military expert Anton Lavrov in the "Izvestia" article suggested that the design of the "Burevestnik" uses a ramjet engine, which, unlike the more traditional propulsion systems for nuclear weapons, will have radioactive exhaust throughout its entire operation.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: Stratfor, an American geopolitical intelligence platform, assumes that "Burevestnik" utilizes a turbojet engine and a liquid-fueled booster.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: According to James Hockenhull, the UK's Chief of Defence Intelligence (CDI), the "Burevestnik" is a "sub-sonic nuclear-powered cruise missile system which has global reach and would allow attack from unexpected directions". Per Hockenhull, the missile would have "a near indefinite loiter time".


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: On 9 August 2019, the Russian nuclear energy agency Rosatom confirmed a release of radioactivity at the State Central Navy Testing Range at Nyonoksa near Severodvinsk in northern Russia and stated it was linked to an accident involving the test of an "isotope power source for a liquid-fuelled rocket engine".


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: Five weapons scientists were killed in the accident. Nonproliferation expert Jeffrey Lewis and Federation of American Scientists fellow Ankit Panda suspect the incident resulted from a test of the Burevestnik cruise missile. However, other arms control experts disputed the assertions: Ian Williams of the Center for Strategic and International Studies and James Acton of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace expressed skepticism over Moscow's financial and technical capabilities to field the weapon, while Michael Kofman of the Wilson Center concluded that the explosion was probably not related to Burevestnik but instead to the testing of another military platform.


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: According to CNBC, the explosion occurred during an attempt to recover a missile from the seabed which was lost during a previously failed test. On 10 October, Thomas DiNanno, member of the United States delegation to the United Nations General Assembly First Committee, stated that the "August 8th 'Skyfall' incident [...] was the result of a nuclear reaction that occurred during the recovery of a Russian nuclear-powered cruise missile", which "remained on the bed of the White Sea since its failed test early last year".


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: On 26 August, Aleksei Karpov, Russia's envoy to international organizations in Vienna, stated that the accident was linked to the development of weapons which Russia had to begin creating as "one of the tit-for-tat measures in the wake of the United States' withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty".


title: 9M730 Burevestnik

text: On 21 November, at the ceremony of presentation of posthumous awards to the dead men's families, Vladimir Putin stated that the scientists killed in the August 8th explosion had been testing an “unparalleled” weapon: “We are talking about the most advanced and unparalleled technical ideas and solutions about weapons design to ensure Russia’s sovereignty and security for decades to come". He also noted that the "weapon is to be perfected regardless of anything".


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The City of Fairfax ( ), colloquially known as Fairfax City, Downtown Fairfax, Old Town Fairfax, Fairfax Courthouse, FFX, or simply Fairfax, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. At the 2010 census the population was 22,565, which had risen to 24,146 at the 2020 census.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The City of Fairfax is an enclave surrounded by the separate political entity Fairfax County. Fairfax City also contains an exclave of Fairfax County, the Fairfax County Court Complex.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The City of Fairfax and the area immediately surrounding the historical border of the City of Fairfax, collectively designated by Fairfax County as "Fairfax", comprise the county seat of Fairfax County. The city is part of the Washington metropolitan area as well as a part of Northern Virginia. The city is west of Washington, D.C. The Washington Metro's Orange Line serves Fairfax through its Vienna station, which is a mile northeast of the city limits. CUE Bus and Metrobus operate in Fairfax. Virginia Railway Express's Burke Centre station is situated three miles southeast of the city's boundaries. Virginia's largest public educational institution with 35,189 students in 2017 is George Mason University, which is located in unincorporated Fairfax County, along the city's southern border while still having a City of Fairfax address and sharing the same public transportation system.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: Fairfax was founded on land originally occupied by indigenous people of the Siouan and Iroquoian tribes. The city derives its name from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who was awarded of land in northern Virginia by King Charles. The area that the city now encompasses was settled in the early 18th century by farmers from Virginia's Tidewater region. The town of "Providence" was established on the site by an act of the state legislature in 1805.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The scene of the first land battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Fairfax Court House took place here on June 1, 1861, after a Union scouting party clashed with the local militia with neither side gaining advantage. A second battle took place here two years later on June 27, 1863, where Union troops were defeated. This battle delayed the movements of Confederate cavalry chief Jeb Stuart with disastrous consequences for Lee at Gettysburg a few days later.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: Fairfax was officially renamed the "Town of Fairfax" in 1859. It was incorporated as a town in 1874. It was incorporated as a city in 1961 by court order. Under Virginia law the city was separated from Fairfax County yet remains the county seat. In 1904, a trolley line connected Fairfax with Washington, D.C.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The former Fairfax County Courthouse is the oldest historic building in Fairfax. The first Fairfax courthouse was established in 1742 near present-day Tysons Corner, and is the namesake for Old Courthouse Road. It intersects with Gallows Road, which today is a major commuter route, but at the time was the road where condemned prisoners were led to the gallows at the old courthouse. In 1752, the courthouse was moved to Alexandria, which offered to build the new courthouse at their own expense. The reason the courthouse was moved from the Tysons Corner location was because of "Indian hostilities", as noted on the stone marker at the northwest corner of Gallows Road and Route 123. The courthouse operated there until 1790, when Virginia ceded the land where the courthouse was located for the creation of Washington, DC. The General Assembly specified that the new courthouse should be located in the center of the county, and was established at the corner of what was Old Little River Turnpike and is now Main Street and what was Ox Road and is now Chain Bridge Road on land donated by town founder Richard Ratcliffe. The courthouse changed hands repeatedly during the Civil War, and the first Confederate officer battle casualty, John Quincy Marr, occurred on its grounds. The first meeting of the Fairfax Court was held April 21, 1800.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The oldest two-story building in the city, the Fairfax Public School was built in 1873 for $2,750. In addition to elementary school use the building has also housed special education, adult education, and police academy training. On July 4, 1992, the building became the Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center. Joseph Edward Willard built the town hall building in 1900 then gifted it to the then town in 1902. The Old Town Hall now houses the Huddleston Library and the Fairfax Art League.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The city of Fairfax is located close to the geographic center of Fairfax County, at (38.852612, −77.304377). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which all but is land.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: While the city is the county seat, a small portion of the county comprising the courthouse complex, the jail and a small area nearby is itself an exclave of the county within the city. Fairfax County's Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: "Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race."


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 22,565 people, 8,347 households, and 5,545 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,581.7 people per square mile (1382.9/km). There were 8,680 housing units at an average density of 1,377.8 per square mile (532.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 69.6% White, 15.2% Asian, 4.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.9% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. 15.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: In 2000, there were 8,347 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.11.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The median income for a household in the city was $67,642, and the median income for a family was $78,921 (these figures had risen to $93,441 and $105,046 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $50,348 versus $38,351 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,247. About 2.4% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: Old Town Fairfax has undergone an extensive redevelopment, which began in 2005. The redevelopment added a new City of Fairfax Regional Library, more than of retail and restaurant space, more than of office condominiums, and 85 upscale residential condominium units.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: In May 2009, Fairfax was rated as No. 3 in the "Top 25 Places to Live Well" by "Forbes" Magazine. Forbes commended Fairfax for its strong public school system, high median salary, and a rate of sole proprietors per capita that ranks it in the top 1 percent nationwide. According to the magazine, "These factors are increasingly important in a recession. When businesses and jobs retract, as they have nationwide, municipalities with strong environments for start-ups, and those that offer attractive amenities, are better suited to recover from economic downtimes, as there are more business activity filling the void."


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: According to the city's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: As an independent city of Virginia rather than an incorporated town within a county, Fairfax derives its governing authority from the Virginia General Assembly. In order to revise the power and structure of the city government, the city must request the General Assembly to amend the charter. The present charter was granted in 1966. An exclave of Fairfax County is located within the City of Fairfax.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: In May on even-numbered years, city voters elect a Mayor, six at-large Councilmembers, and five at-large School Board members to serve two-year terms. These offices are non-partisan and at-large, and there are no term limits. City voters also elect the two city constitutional officers: Treasurer and Commissioner of the Revenue for four-year terms. Other elected officials who serve the city elected by city voters include the Sheriff (four-year term), Commonwealth's Attorney (four-year term), and Clerk of the Court (eight-year term). State elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the Virginia Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Virginia Senator (34th District), and Virginia Delegate (37th District). Federal elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the U.S. President, U.S. Vice President, two U.S. Senators (six-year terms), and one U.S. Representative, 11th District (two-year term).


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: On August 4, 2016, then-Mayor Scott Silverthorne was arrested in a sting operation conducted by the Fairfax County Police Department. After receiving a tip that he was involved in drugs-related activities online, a police detective engaged Silverthorne on an online website "...used to arrange for casual sexual encounters between men." The detective then arranged a meeting with Silverthorne and two other men, in which they agreed to exchange methamphetamine. At the meeting in Tyson's Corner, Virginia, detectives performed the exchange and then arrested Silverthorne along with the two other men. He was charged with felony distribution of methamphetamine and misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia. He announced his resignation on Monday, August 8, 2016, in a letter to the City Council.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: Despite news media seizing the salacious "drugs-for-sex" aspect of the story, Silverthorne maintains that he was not distributing methamphetamine "for sex," and he was not tried for any sexual crimes.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The school district for the city is Fairfax City Public Schools. The public schools in the City of Fairfax are owned by the city, but administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS) system under contractual agreement with Fairfax County. This arrangement began to be in place in 1961. U.S. News & World Report often ranks Fairfax County schools among the best in the country. City of Fairfax schools are Fairfax High School, Lanier Middle School, Daniels Run Elementary School, Providence Elementary School, and Fairfax Academy.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: Schools within the city that are not owned by the city government include the Boyd School, Gesher Jewish Day School, Kellar School of Inova Kellar Center, Lee Highway KinderCare, Little Flock Christian School, Northern Virginia Christian Academy, Oak Valley Center, Paul VI Catholic High School (moved in 2020-2021), The Salvation Army University View Child Care Center, Saint Leo The Great School, Trinity Christian School, and Truro Preschool & Kindergarten.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: George Mason University, the largest university in the Commonwealth of Virginia, is located just to the south of the Fairfax city limits. Mason began as an extension of the University of Virginia in 1949 named the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia. The Town of Fairfax purchased for the university in 1958, though the property remained within the county when the town became a city. After several name changes in 1972 the institution became George Mason University. Mason is most known for its programs in economics, law, creative writing, computer science, and business. In recent years, George Mason faculty have twice won the Nobel Prize in Economics. The university enrolls 33,917 students, making it the largest university by head count in the Commonwealth of Virginia.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: Fairfax County Public Library operates the City of Fairfax Regional Library in Fairfax. The library includes the Virginia Room, a collection of books, photographs, and manuscripts related to Fairfax County history, government, and genealogy.


title: Fairfax, Virginia

text: The intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 29 is located in the northeast corner of the city. The two major highways join to form Fairfax Boulevard for approximately through the city before separating. State Route 123, State Route 236 and State Route 237 pass through the city. SR 236 is named Main Street in the city and then becomes Little River Turnpike once the city line is crossed. Interstate 66 passes just outside the city limits and is the major highway serving the Fairfax region. Connections to I-66 from the city can be made via U.S. Route 50 and State Route 123.


title: Becquerel

text: The becquerel (; symbol: Bq) is the unit of radioactivity in the International System of Units (SI). One becquerel is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. For applications relating to human health this is a small quantity, and SI multiples of the unit are commonly used.


title: Becquerel

text: The becquerel is named after Henri Becquerel, who shared a Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Skłodowska Curie in 1903 for their work in discovering radioactivity.


title: Becquerel

text: A special name was introduced for the reciprocal second (s) to represent radioactivity to avoid potentially dangerous mistakes with prefixes. For example, 1 µs would mean 10 disintegrations per second: 1·(10 s) = 10 s, whereas 1 µBq would mean 1 disintegration per 1 million seconds. Other names considered were hertz (Hz), a special name already in use for the reciprocal second, and Fourier (Fr). The hertz is now only used for periodic phenomena. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second, 1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radioactivity event per second.


title: Becquerel

text: The gray (Gy) and the becquerel (Bq) were introduced in 1975. Between 1953 and 1975, absorbed dose was often measured in rads. Decay activity was measured in curies before 1946 and often in rutherfords between 1946 and 1975.


title: Becquerel

text: As with every International System of Units (SI) unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is uppercase (Bq). However, when an SI unit is spelled out in English, it should always begin with a lowercase letter (becquerel)—except in a situation where any word in that position would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in material using title case.


title: Becquerel

text: Like any SI unit, Bq can be prefixed; commonly used multiples are kBq (kilobecquerel, 10 Bq), MBq (megabecquerel, 10 Bq, equivalent to 1 rutherford), GBq (gigabecquerel, 10 Bq), TBq (terabecquerel, 10 Bq), and PBq (petabecquerel, 10 Bq). Large prefixes are common for practical uses of the unit.


title: Becquerel

text: For a given mass formula_1 (in grams) of an isotope with atomic mass formula_2 (in g/mol) and a half-life of formula_3 (in s), the radioactivity can be calculated using:


title: Becquerel

text: Since formula_6 is the number of moles (formula_7), the amount of radioactivity formula_8 can be calculated by:


title: Becquerel

text: For instance, on average each gram of potassium contains 117 micrograms of K (all other naturally occurring isotopes are stable) that has a formula_3 of = , and has an atomic mass of 39.964 g/mol, so the amount of radioactivity associated with a gram of potassium is 30 Bq.


title: Becquerel

text: For practical applications, 1 Bq is a small unit. For example, there is roughly 0.0169 g of potassium-40 present in a typical human body, decaying at a rate of approximately 4,430 decays per second.


title: Becquerel

text: The nuclear explosion in Hiroshima (an explosion of ) is estimated to have injected (8 YBq, 8 yottabecquerel) of radioactive fission products into the atmosphere.


title: Becquerel

text: These examples are useful for comparing the amount of activity of these radioactive materials but should not be confused with the amount of exposure to ionizing radiation that these materials represent. The level of exposure and thus the absorbed dose received are what should be considered when assessing the effects of ionizing radiation on humans.


title: Becquerel

text: The becquerel succeeded the curie (Ci), an older, non-SI unit of radioactivity based on the activity of 1 gram of radium-226. The curie is defined as , or 37 GBq.


title: Becquerel

text: The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units. "W" (formerly 'Q' factor) is a factor that scales the biological effect for different types of radiation, relative to x-rays. (e.g. 1 for beta radiation, 20 for alpha radiation, and a complicated function of energy for neutrons)


title: Becquerel

text: In general conversion between rates of emission, the density of radiation, the fraction absorbed, and the biological effects, requires knowledge of the geometry between source and target, the energy and the type of the radiation emitted, among other factors.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League (NFL), their 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. Philadelphia won its first-ever Super Bowl title, the franchise's first championship since 1960. They defeated Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles improved from their 7–9 record from 2016, reaching a record of 13–3, and tying their 2004 season for the most wins in a season franchise history, though the 1949 team and the 1960 team had higher winning percentages. They, along with the Minnesota Vikings, Pittsburgh Steelers, and New England Patriots were involved in a 4-way tie for 1st overall. The Steelers won the tiebreaker over the Vikings based on head-to-head victory, the Patriots won the tiebreaker over the Steelers based on head-to-head victory, and the Eagles won the tiebreaker over the Patriots based on record against common opponents. In these tiebreakers taking effect, the Eagles were statistically the best team in the 2017 season. Their win against the Los Angeles Rams allowed them to clinch the division title for the first time since 2013 (first in the Pederson/Wentz era), but came with the loss of Carson Wentz to a torn ACL. A close win against the New York Giants in Week 15 helped the Eagles clinch a first-round bye for the first time in 13 years, and a Christmas Night home win over the Oakland Raiders allowed the Eagles to clinch home-field advantage throughout the playoffs for the first time since 2004.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10 in the Divisional Round and routed the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship. The win against the Falcons in the divisional round was their first playoff win since 2008, and their first at home since 2006. The Eagles were the first No. 1 seed in the playoffs since the NFL instituted playoff seeding in 1975 to be an underdog in the Divisional Round, and were also an underdog in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs, the third team to beat both of them this season, after the Carolina Panthers and Miami Dolphins. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances: the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV, and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl XXXIX. The Eagles became the first team since the 1995 Dallas Cowboys to avenge a Super Bowl loss against a team who defeated them in a prior Super Bowl matchup.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles began their 2017 season on the road against the Washington Redskins and won 30–17. However, the team lost the following week to the Kansas City Chiefs 27–20 in Doug Pederson's return to face his mentor and the team's former coach, Andy Reid. The Eagles then went on a nine-game win streak which consisted of dominant home wins over the Arizona Cardinals, San Francisco 49ers, Denver Broncos and Chicago Bears, and close road wins in Carolina and against the Chargers. However, their winning streak came to an end at the hands of the Seattle Seahawks in Week 13 by a score of 24–10 in Seattle. Philly bounced back the following week and won 43–35 over the Los Angeles Rams, which gave them the NFC East title, despite Carson Wentz tearing his ACL during the game, causing Nick Foles to finish off the game and become starter for the rest of the season. Rams quarterback Jared Goff was seen post-game walking over to Eagles head coach Doug Pederson inquiring of Carson Wentz’s welfare. In his first start against the New York Giants, the Eagles trailed 20–7, but Foles threw four touchdowns for a close 34–29 win over the Giants to help the Eagles claim a first-round bye in the 2017 postseason. Foles then began to struggle in Week 16 against the Oakland Raiders, throwing a touchdown and an interception and frequently missing his receivers. As a result, the Eagles defense and special teams had to carry the offensive line for a 19–10 win on a cold Christmas night to seal home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs. The Eagles went on to lose a meaningless Week 17 game to the Dallas Cowboys in a shutout score of 6–0 in Nate Sudfeld's debut as an Eagle, and they finished with a record of 13–3, tying their 2004 season for their best regular season record.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles kicked off the 2017 season on the road against the Redskins. The Eagles started off with two touchdown passes from Carson Wentz to give them a 13–0 lead. (Kicker Caleb Sturgis missed an extra point after the second touchdown.) However, the Redskins came back with a Ryan Kerrigan pick six and a touchdown pass from Kirk Cousins to running back Chris Thompson to give them a 14–13 lead late in second quarter. The lead was very short lived, however, as the Eagles responded with a field goal to give them a 16–14 lead at the half. The third quarter only consisted of field goals. The Eagles led 22–17 at the end of the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, Kirk Cousins fumbled the ball which Eagles defensive end Fletcher Cox recovered for a touchdown to seal an Eagles victory. This was the Eagles first win against the Redskins since September 2014, ending a five-game losing streak to their division rival. This was also the Eagles first win at FedExField since 2013.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: In Week 2, Doug Pederson faced off for the first time against his mentor, Andy Reid, as the Eagles traveled to Arrowhead Stadium to take on the Kansas City Chiefs. In a surprisingly defensive dominated game, the Chiefs led 6–3 at halftime, following a missed field goal to close out the first half by Eagles rookie kicker Jake Elliott. The Eagles took a 10–6 lead in the third quarter, with Carson Wentz finding his new wide receiver, Alshon Jeffery for their first touchdown connection of the year. Chiefs rookie running back Kareem Hunt answered with a 53-yard touchdown run, and fourth quarter touchdowns by Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce and Hunt opened up the lead to 27–13 with just over 2 minutes remaining in the game. Wentz led the Eagles on a scoring drive, finding Nelson Agholor in the back of the end zone with 8 seconds left in the game. The Eagles recovered the ensuing onside kick, but a Hail Mary pass to end the game fell incomplete. Eagles running back LeGarrette Blount had 1 carry for zero yards in the game, and Pederson received heat post game for not running the ball enough. The Eagles fell to 1–1 on the season.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Heading into this game, there were many questions on the run game especially on LeGarrette Blount as well as the offensive line who have struggled through the first two games. Plus, the Eagles were dealing with injuries on defense to safety Rodney McLeod, cornerback Ronald Darby and backup safety Corey Graham leaving Malcolm Jenkins and Chris Maragos the only healthy safeties.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Despite all of the setbacks, The Eagles hosted the 0–2 Giants who had only scored 13 points through the first two weeks of the season. Both teams started off in slow fashion, with no first quarter points. A LeGarrette Blount 1-yard touchdown run in the second quarter were the only points of the first half, after the Eagles stopped the Giants from reaching the end zone from 1 yard out to close out the first half. Coming out in the third quarter with a 7–0 lead, the Eagles added the only points of the third quarter with Carson Wentz finding tight end Zach Ertz for a 3-yard touchdown. The Eagles defense (who were playing a solid game) broke down in the fourth quarter allowing the Giants to score 21 unanswered points to start the fourth quarter, as quarterback Eli Manning found his all pro wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. twice for touchdowns, and second year wide receiver Sterling Shepard once for a 77-yard touchdown. Fletcher Cox left the game with a calf injury. Eagles rookie running back Corey Clement ran for a 15-yard touchdown to tie the score at 21. After exchanging field goals, Wentz and the Eagles offense took over, looking to move into field goal range. Wentz connected with Alshon Jeffery for a 17-yard pass, setting up a Jake Elliott 61-yard field goal attempt with 1 second remaining. Elliott converted on the 61-yard attempt, the longest in Eagles franchise history as time expired. Wentz was quietly efficient in the game, completing 21 of 31 attempts for 176 yards and one touchdown despite playing behind a struggling offensive line. The win came at an expense, as running back Darren Sproles was ruled out for the remainder of the season with a broken arm and torn ACL, both of which occurred on the same play. Despite this injury, the Eagles ran the ball efficiently through most of the game.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With the close win, the Eagles advanced to 2–1 tying the Cowboys and the Redskins for first place in the NFC East while the Giants fell to 0–3 in the basement of the division.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles travelled to the west coast to take on the Los Angeles Chargers. Many Eagles fans invaded StubHub Center making it an unofficial home game for the Eagles (this would later be dubbed "Lincoln Financial Field West" by fans on Twitter). The Eagles jumped out to a 7–0 lead early, after Chris Long forced a fumble to set up an 8-yard touchdown pass from Carson Wentz to Alshon Jeffery. The Eagles would score on their first 5 drives of the game. Chargers quarterback Philip Rivers found Tyrell Williams for a 75-yard touchdown pass, trimming the lead to 13–7 midway through the 2nd quarter. The Eagles responded with a field goal to extend the lead. But, Chargers kicker Younghoe Koo kicked a field goal the change the scoreboard to 16–10 before halftime. The Eagles were up 19–17 when running back Wendell Smallwood ran for a three-yard touchdown, increasing the lead to 26–17. A touchdown drive capped off by Philip Rivers finding second year tight end Hunter Henry with 6:44 left in the game made the score 26–24. Riding LeGarrette Blount and his 136 yards, which included a 68-yard run, the Eagles were able to grind out the remaining time on the clock and hold on for their second close win in a row. The Eagles were overall efficient on offense. The defense played well despite giving up big plays and allowing Philip Rivers to throw 347 yards.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles scored early and often in this game, for their first blowout win of the season against the Arizona Cardinals. Carson Wentz found tight ends Trey Burton and Zach Ertz for early touchdowns, and later connected with wide receiver Torrey Smith for a 59-yard touchdown to finish the first quarter. Following Smith's touchdown, the Eagles unveiled their baseball home run celebration for the first time all season. The closest the Cardinals came was in the second quarter when they trailed 21–7 following a John Brown 13-yard touchdown. In the mid third quarter, on 3rd and 19, Wentz found wide receiver Nelson Agholor for a 72-yard touchdown pass, on which Agholor juked rookie safety Budda Baker and finished the play with the Nestea Plunge. The final score was 34–7, and Wentz threw for four touchdowns, including three first quarter touchdown passes.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Coming off a 34–7 drubbing of the Arizona Cardinals, the Eagles (4–1) traveled to take on the Carolina Panthers who are also 4–1. The Eagles drove into Panthers territory on their first possession of the game, but a Julius Peppers strip sack against Halapoulivaati Vaitai, who was filling in for a concussed Lane Johnson. The Panthers led 10–3, with their only touchdown coming from a 16-yard touchdown run from quarterback Cam Newton. Late in the second quarter, rookie cornerback Rasul Douglas intercepted Cam Newton deep in Panthers territory, leading to a Zach Ertz 1-yard touchdown reception. The Eagles opened up the second half with another Zach Ertz touchdown, a 17-yard strike from Carson Wentz. Leading 21–16 after three-quarters, the Eagles opened up the fourth quarter with Carson Wentz hooking up with wide receiver Nelson Agholor for a 24-yard touchdown. Cam Newton led the Panthers on a long touchdown drive, trimming the score to 28–23. A late interception by cornerback Jalen Mills and a fourth down stop by the Eagles defense sealed the Eagles fifth victory of the season, and proved they were a legitimate contender in the NFC.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Following the 28–23 victory on "Thursday Night Football" against the Panthers, the Eagles returned home for the next 3 games and were once again in a prime time matchup; this time, a Monday Night matchup against the Washington Redskins. The Eagles started off the game in sluggish fashion, and after being backed up over 20 yards due to penalties on their first drive of the game, Carson Wentz threw his fourth interception of the season. After exchanging field goals, Redskins running back Chris Thompson caught a 7-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Kirk Cousins. Wentz and the Eagles responded with an offensive outburst to end the first half. Wentz found rookie wide receiver Mack Hollins for a 64-yard touchdown, and later found tight end Zach Ertz for a four-yard strike to end the first half. The Eagles increased their lead to 24–10 early in the third quarter, with Wentz finding rookie running back Corey Clement on a beautiful throw in the corner of the end zone. The Redskins responded at the end of the third, with Kirk Cousins finding tight end Jordan Reed for a five-yard touchdown. Once again, Wentz led the Eagles down the field, along the way dramatically evading a 3rd-and-8 sack behind the Eagles' 27 and turning it into a 17-yard run, capping off the drive with a 10-yard touchdown to Nelson Agholor. A Jake Elliott field goal later in the quarter opened the lead to 34–17, and the Eagles went on to win 34–24. Wentz once again was in MVP form, completing 17/25 attempts for 268 yards and four touchdowns. However, the win came at a cost, as future Hall of Fame left tackle Jason Peters was lost for the season with a torn ACL, and starting middle linebacker Jordan Hicks was also lost for the season with a ruptured achilles.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles looked to win their 6th game in a row against the winless San Francisco 49ers. The Eagles got off to a slow start, only leading 3–0 after the first quarter. Late in the second quarter, the Eagles blew the game open. Carson Wentz found tight end Zach Ertz for a 1-yard touchdown in the back of the end zone off of a bootleg pass, and Jalen Mills intercepted rookie quarterback C.J. Beathard and returned it 37 yards for a touchdown. The 49ers appeared to have some life in the third quarter, following a Carson Wentz interception, leading to a Matt Breida 22-yard touchdown reception. However, the Eagles responded, with Wentz connecting with Alshon Jeffery for a 53-yard touchdown, putting the game out of reach. The Eagles went on to win 33–10 and advanced to 7–1 on the season. Despite the win, the Eagles played a sloppy game in a rainy afternoon in Philadelphia.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Heading into the game, there was a lot of hype surrounding new Eagles running back Jay Ajayi who was traded prior to the NFL trade deadline. The Eagles looked to improve to 8–1 for the first time since 2004 as they took on the Denver Broncos. The Denver Broncos named Brock Osweiler as their starting quarterback, replacing Trevor Siemian. The Broncos took their only lead of the game on an opening drive that resulted with a Brandon McManus 53-yard field goal. Despite missing tight end Zach Ertz who was out with a hamstring injury, the Eagles offense didn't miss a beat. On their opening drive of the game, Carson Wentz faked a handoff to newly acquired running back Jay Ajayi, and found Alshon Jeffery wide open for a 32-yard touchdown down the right sideline. Later in the first quarter, slot cornerback Patrick Robinson picked off Brock Osweiler on an intended pass to Demaryius Thomas, setting up a Corey Clement 15-yard touchdown reception, on a screen pass. The Eagles responded to another Brandon McManus field goal with a 27-yard touchdown connection between Wentz and tight end Trey Burton. Following McManus' third field goal of the first half, Jay Ajayi found the end zone for the first time with the Eagles, with a 46-yard touchdown run to close the first half. The Eagles led 31–9 at half time, and following a third quarter touchdown run by Corey Clement and touchdown reception by Alshon Jeffery, the Eagles led 44–9. The final score was 51–23, which was virtually a mirror of their last meeting in 2013, and Corey Clement finished the day with three touchdowns (two rushing, one receiving). With the win, the Eagles went into the bye week with the best start since 2004. They had also surpassed their win total from last season where they only got 7 wins. Furthermore; this was the third largest victory at Lincoln Financial Field since the 54–11 win over the Bears in 2013 and the largest victory in the Doug Pederson era.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles travelled to Dallas to take on the Dallas Cowboys, who were missing running back Ezekiel Elliott (suspension), left tackle Tyron Smith (groin), and linebacker Sean Lee (hamstring). In a game that the Eagles were expected to dominate, the Eagles started off slow in the first half with Dallas leading 9–7 at halftime. Kicker Jake Elliott was ruled out for the game with a concussion, forcing the Eagles to use backup linebacker Kamu Grugier-Hill for kickoffs, and to go for two-point conversions. The Eagles converted three of four two-point conversions, as their touchdowns came on the ground from both Kenjon Barner and Corey Clement, and through the air, with Carson Wentz finding Torrey Smith for an 11-yard touchdown and Alshon Jeffery for a 17-yard touchdown on fourth down. Late in the fourth quarter, rookie defensive end Derek Barnett notched his second sack of the game, a strip sack of Dak Prescott, leading to a Nigel Bradham 37-yard scoop and score. The Eagles harassed Dak Prescott all game, sacking him four times, intercepting him three times, and forcing one fumble. With this win, the Eagles improved to 9–1 and improved their lead in the NFC East.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With the Eagles heading into this game at 9–1, they looked to take down the 3–7 Bears. The Eagles blew out the Bears with a final score of 31–3 and improved to 10–1 on the season. The Eagles held the Bears to no first downs in the first half, and led 24–0 at halftime. Zach Ertz became the first Eagles receiver of 2017 to record at least 100 receiving yards in a game, catching 10 passes for 103 yards and a touchdown. Alshon Jeffery had 5 receptions for 52 yards and a touchdown. Nelson Agholor added 3 receptions for 32 yards, including a 15-yard touchdown, and recovered a Jay Ajayi fumble for a touchdown late in the game. Carson Wentz continued his MVP campaign, completing 23 of 36 passes, for 227 yards, and 3 touchdowns. The Eagles defense stymied Mitchell Trubisky and the Bears offense, holding running back Jordan Howard to 6 yards on 7 rushes. Malcolm Jenkins and Corey Graham each added one interception.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles struggled throughout this game with penalties and scoring blows that led them losing 24–10 in Seattle. With the loss, the Eagles snapped their 9–game winning streak, lost to Seattle for the fourth time since 2008 and fell to 10–2. The loss dropped them to a tie with the Minnesota Vikings for top seed in the NFC.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The 10–2 Eagles bounced back from last week's heartbreaking 24–10 loss to Seattle, and for the first time since 2013, the Eagles clinched the NFC East title. However, Carson Wentz suffered an apparent knee injury while trying to dive for a touchdown late in the third quarter. He did throw a touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery before being ruled out for the game's remainder. The Eagles were already without Darren Sproles, Jason Peters and Jordan Hicks for the rest of the year. Nick Foles would come in and replace Wentz. This was also the first matchup of the Jared Goff-Carson Wentz rivalry. Trailing by two in the final seconds, the Rams attempted a last second comeback through lateral passes, but to no avail as a pass was fumbled with no time left on the clock, and returned by Brandon Graham for one more touchdown to add six to their lead.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With the win, the Eagles advanced to 11–2 and clinched the NFC East. They also got back the #1 seed thanks to a Vikings loss to the Panthers earlier in the day.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The day after the game, Wentz was revealed to have torn his ACL, officially ending his season and making Nick Foles the starting quarterback for the rest of the season.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Philadelphia Eagles headed into Week 15 of the 2017 NFL season at 11–2. With them clinching the NFC East in Week 14 in a win against the Rams, the Eagles were now fighting for the 1st seed in the NFC playoffs, home-field advantage, and a first-round bye. This was the first week that the Eagles played without MVP candidate Carson Wentz after he went down with a torn ACL in Week 14, ending his season. Backup quarterback, Nick Foles led the Eagles offense for his first time since 2014. The Eagles quickly fell behind 6–0 in the first few minutes of the 1st as Eli Manning and the New York Giants marched down the field and scored on their opening possession. The Eagles responded with a 3-yard pass from Nick Foles to Alshon Jeffery and went up 7–6. Towards the end of the first quarter, the Giants scored again with a 13-yard touchdown pass to Tavarres King to put them up 13–7. In the beginning of the second quarter, the Giants continued to show dominance as Eli Manning threw a 67-yard touchdown pass to put the Giants up 20–7. Nick Foles and the offense would eventually close the gap to bring the Eagles within two points at halftime with the Giants leading 23–21. The Eagles would eventually take the lead with a 28-yard field goal from Jake Elliot to put them up 24–23. In the middle of the fourth, Nelson Agholor caught a 10-yard pass from Nick Foles which gave the Eagles a 31–23 lead. The Giants responded with a score of their own, a 57-yard touchdown pass to Tavarres King which cut the Eagles lead to 31–29 after a failed attempt at a tying 2-point conversion. In the fourth, Jake Elliott hit a 20-yard field goal to put the Eagles up 34–29. The Eagles won the game after defensive stop in their own territory.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With this win, the Eagles improved to a league-best 12–2 and clinched a first-round bye for the first time since 2004.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Despite the win, the defense was dismal against a woeful Giants team that has been decimated with injuries since the two teams met in Week 3.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: This game would prove to be the opposite of the previous game as the defense and special teams carried a struggling offense to a 19–10 win over the Oakland Raiders. The Eagles start off solid with a Nick Foles touchdown pass to Jay Ajayi to put them up 7–0, but coming in the second quarter, Derek Carr threw a 36-yard pass to Amari Cooper to tie the game. Jake Elliott missed a 33-yard field goal thus leaving the score 7–7 halftime. In the third quarter, the Raiders would take a 10–7 lead with a Giorgio Tavecchio kick, but the Eagles responded later with a Jake Elliott field goal to tie the game up at 10 after a turnover and pick battle. Defensive efforts and poor offense by both teams caused them to trade punts going into the fourth quarter. Tavecchio missed a 48-yard attempt and Derek Carr would be intercepted a second time, which led to Jake Elliott nailing a 48-yarder of his own to put the Eagles up 13–10. With only 3 seconds left, the Raiders attempted to lateral the ball, but ended up fumbling it, and Derek Barnett ran it back to the end zone as time expired to put up six more points, making the final score 19–10.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With the win the Eagles would improve to 13–2 on the season and clinch the No. 1 seed and home-field advantage throughout the NFC Playoffs.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Despite the achievements, the offense played poorly. The defense stepped up after the Amari Cooper touchdown.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: In a meaningless Week 17 game for both teams and a mirror image of last year's season finale, the 13–2 Eagles rested several of their starters against the Dallas Cowboys, while playing others briefly. Nick Foles stayed in for one quarter, struggling to a stat line of 4-of-11 for 39 yards and an interception. Third-string quarterback Nate Sudfeld replaced Foles for the remaining three-quarters, throwing 19 completions in 23 attempts, for 134 yards, no touchdowns, and no interceptions. Dak Prescott's 20-yard touchdown pass to Brice Butler early in the fourth quarter was the only score all game and Dallas narrowly prevailed, 6–0.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With the loss, the Eagles dropped to 13–3 and were unable to set a franchise record for most wins in a 16-game season (the 2017 Eagles tied the 2004 team with 13 wins). It was also the first shutout loss for the Eagles since a 24–0 loss to the Cowboys in Week 17 of the 2009 season. It was also the Eagles' third overall shutout loss at Lincoln Financial Field, and their first since a 42–0 shellacking in 2005 against the Seattle Seahawks. The Eagles were also unable to sweep the NFC East for the first time since 2004.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Despite only playing for a quarter, Foles played poorly for the second straight week. This left many Eagles fans and sportswriters questioning how they would perform in the playoffs, setting the stage for the underdog theme.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles entered their first playoff game as the first No. 1 seed since the 1970 Colts to be an underdog in the playoffs. The Eagles relied on their defense to stop the 6th-seeded Atlanta Falcons on their drives to prevail a 15–10 win to advance to the NFC Championship Game.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: In that game, against the top-ranked Minnesota Vikings defense, the Eagles defeated the Vikings 38–7 to advance to Super Bowl LII in a Super Bowl XXXIX rematch with the New England Patriots. Foles had his best performance since Week 15, and his third best as an Eagles player, throwing for 352 yards and 4 touchdowns.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles defeated the Patriots 41–33 to win their first Super Bowl title in franchise history, and their first championship since 1960. During the game, a trick play, known as the Philly Special, was called on 4th and goal just before halftime. During the play, the ball was snapped directly to a running back, who pitched it back to a tight end, who then threw a touchdown pass to the quarterback in the end zone. Nick Foles was named the Super Bowl MVP, the first backup player or quarterback to earn this award. Foles was 28-of-43 of his passes, threw for 373 yards, 3 touchdowns, an interception and even caught a touchdown pass.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Philadelphia Eagles entered their first playoff game since 2013 as the first ever number one seed underdog in the divisional round. Following a theme set in the last two games of the regular season, the Eagles relied heavily on their defense, surrendering just 10 points to a strong Falcons offense.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The definitive moment of the game came up on the Atlanta's final drive when the Eagles defense thwarted four Falcons scoring attempts.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: On 4th and goal from the 2-yard line, Matt Ryan threw an incomplete pass to Julio Jones, essentially sealing a 15–10 win for the Eagles. Against many analyst predictions, the top seeded Philadelphia Eagles advanced to the NFC Championship game. This marked the first playoff win for the Eagles in nine seasons, and the first major Philadelphia sports franchise to advance in the playoffs since the 76ers defeated the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 2012 NBA playoffs.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles were once again underdogs going into the NFC Championship Game, this time to the second-seeded Minnesota Vikings, who were coming off a notable playoff victory in the Divisional Round. This was the Eagles' first NFC Championship appearance since the 2008–09 NFL playoffs. Though the Eagles allowed a Vikings touchdown on the opening drive, it was the Vikings' only score. Case Keenum's pick-six to Patrick Robinson changed the game, as the rest of the game represented total domination from Nick Foles and the Eagles' offense, who racked up 456 total yards and 38 unanswered points. With a blowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5-point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), also against the New England Patriots.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: In the first quarter, the Eagles managed to score first when Jake Elliott kicked a 25-yard field goal to make the score 3–0. However, the Pats would then tie the game up at 3–3 when Stephen Gostkowski kicked a 26-yard field goal. The Eagles retook the lead when Nick Foles found Alshon Jeffery on a 34-yard pass (with a failed PAT) to make it 9–3 to close out the first quarter. The Eagles increased their lead in the second quarter when LeGarrette Blount ran for a 21-yard touchdown (with a failed 2-point conversion) to make it 15–3. The Pats, however, managed to score twice when Gostkowski kicked a 45-yard field goal, followed up by James White running for a 26-yard touchdown (with a failed PAT) to make it 15–6 and then 15–12. A trick play saw Foles score a receiving touchdown off a 1-yard pass from tight end Trey Burton to make it 22–12 at halftime.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: In the third quarter, the Pats drew closer when Tom Brady found Rob Gronkowski on a 5-yard pass to make it 22–19. However, the Eagles managed to pull away again when Foles found Corey Clement on a 22-yard pass to make it 29–19. The Pats closed out the quarter by getting close again when Brady found Chris Hogan on a 26-yard pass to make the score 29–26. In the fourth quarter, the Eagles moved further ahead when Elliott kicked a 42-yard field goal to make the score 32–26. The Pats would finally take the lead when Brady found Gronkowski again on a 5-yard pass to make the score 33–32. The Eagles would respond with a 14-play, 75-yard drive when Foles found Zach Ertz on an 11-yard pass (with a failed 2-point conversion), giving the Eagles the lead, 38–33. On the Patriots' following possession, with 2:16 to play, Brady was sacked by Brandon Graham and fumbled the ball, which was recovered by Derek Barnett at the Patriots' 31-yard line. The Eagles would increase their lead on Elliott's 46-yard field goal to 41–33.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Starting with less than a minute left and no time outs, the Patriots were able to advance the ball almost to midfield. With under 10 seconds remaining, Brady (who had set a Super Bowl passing record of 505 yards) attempted a Hail Mary pass that could have sent the game into overtime with a touchdown and 2-point conversion. However, Gronkowski would be blanketed in the end zone by Eagles defenders, who knocked the ball incomplete as the clock ran out, ending the Patriots' last hope.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: With this win, the Eagles won their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. Both teams managed to set an all-time NFL record for total combined yards in a game (1,151), and the 74 game points were one short of the Super Bowl record set in 1995.


title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: The Eagles' victory parade took place four days later on February 8, highlighted by a rousing six-minute speech by center Jason Kelce.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Mao (or Mau) is a card game of the shedding family. The aim is to get rid of all of the cards in hand without breaking certain unspoken rules which tend to vary by venue. The game is from a subset of the Stops family and is similar in structure to the card game Uno or Crazy Eights.


title: Mao (card game)

text: The game forbids its players from explaining the rules, and new players are often informed that "the only rule you may be told is this one". The ultimate goal of the game is to be the first player to get rid of all the cards in their hand. Specifics are discovered through trial and error. A player who breaks a rule is penalized by being given an additional card from the deck. The person giving the penalty must state what the incorrect action was, without explaining the rule that was broken.


title: Mao (card game)

text: There are many variants of Mao in existence. While beginners sometimes assume that the dealer (sometimes called the "Chairman", the "Mao" or the "Grand Master") and other experienced players are simply making up possibly inconsistent rules (as in the games Mornington Crescent or Fizbin), the rules of Mao are consistent within each game and can be followed correctly.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Mao is most likely descended from the German game Mau Mau. It may have influenced the game Eleusis, which was published in Martin Gardner's column in the "Scientific American" in June 1959. Both of these games share similar principles of inductive reasoning.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Other inductive games in which not all players know the rules include Penultima and Zendo; however, the secret rules in those games are made up at the start of play and disclosed at the end of each round, and the scope and subject matter of Eleusis, Penultima or Zendo rules may be more explicit and closely circumscribed.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Mao's name and rules are a reference to Chairman Mao Zedong's rule over China. The rules not being explained are an allusion to the laws in China at the time being in constant flux, leading to many people being arrested for laws they did not know were in place.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Part of the traditional experience of Mao is a new player being forced to learn some or all of the rules of the game through observation and trial and error. Thus new players are not presented with a list of rules, as part of the game is to discover the rules through gameplay.


title: Mao (card game)

text: The exact set of rules divulged to new players varies between groups of players: some groups will say "the only rule I can tell you is this one", others will reveal the goal of eliminating cards, and some might outline the basic rules and, in most cases, no rules are revealed at all. However much information is revealed, the players will explain that they are not allowed to reveal any more, and that the new player must deduce the full rules during play.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Each player is dealt an initial hand of the same number of cards; the exact number of cards dealt varies, but is generally either three or seven. The size of the deck also varies; it is good to have approximately one 52-card deck for every two or three players, but missing or extra cards are not important to gameplay. Two or more combined decks is common; matching card backs is not important. Once the cards are dealt, the remaining cards are placed face down in a stack in the middle of the table, and the top card from the stack is turned over and placed next to it. The dealer may then say "this game of Mao has officially begun", "the game of Mao begins now", "Mao is a game of rules" or a variant thereof. Play commences with the player to the left of the dealer and proceeds clockwise. Many variants penalize players for touching or looking at their cards before the game begins, or before the dealer looks at their own cards.


title: Mao (card game)

text: A player may play any card from their hand matching the value or the suit of the top card currently face-up on the table. The card played must be placed on top of this card, and the next player will have to play a card that matches the new one. If the player has no cards they can play, they must instead draw a new card from the top of the stack and, in some variants, say something such as "pass", "penalty card" or knock on the table to indicate inability to play a card.


title: Mao (card game)

text: As might be expected in a game where the rules are unknown to many of the players, a wide variety of rulesets have developed.


title: Mao (card game)

text: The rules are typically changed between games, either at the beginning or with each successive game. Many times, this is simply that the winner of the last game is allowed to construct their own rule. This new rule is made known to the dealer or not, depending on the game, though in many varieties it is required for the dealer to know the rule in order to confirm its use and to enforce it. Often the winner of the last game is also made the new dealer.


title: Mao (card game)

text: In another variant, players abandon all normal rules and have each player make up a rule of their own at the very beginning of the game. This variant is known as "Dutch Mao", or "The People's Democratic Dictatorship", and probably several other names. It has no restrictions on what cards to play (other than those made by the players) and can get very confusing when rules conflict.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Many of the rules of Mao involve speech. Mostly this means that the right thing must be said at the right time. Saying the wrong thing, or speaking at the wrong time, will usually incur a penalty.


title: Mao (card game)

text: Any player (or, in some variations, only the dealer) may at any time announce "point of order" (could also be "court of law", "point of information", "point of interest", "pevis", or "coffee break"), which is a signal for all players to put down their cards, while discussion takes place. A common abbreviation is "P of O". This time period basically is an intermission to game play and often comes with its own set of rules. Some versions penalize for abbreviating "point of order" to "P of O", which often confuses new players into thinking only the dealer or chairman is permitted to call a point of order. Most versions penalize players for touching their cards (including failing to put them down in a timely manner) during a point of order.


title: Mao (card game)

text: The objective of a point of order is to clarify uncertain aspects of gameplay: particularly to allow disputes over penalties to be resolved. A point of order may also be used to accommodate out-of-game necessities such as eating, shuffling the discard pile to form a new draw pile, etc. Some variants may impose restrictions or penalties on a player's activities during a point of order:


title: Mao (card game)

text: The point of order ends when any player (or, depending on local rules, only the dealer, or only the player that called point of order) announces "end point of order", "point taken", "point of disorder", or "pick your cards up", at which point the cards are picked back up and play resumes.


title: Mao (card game)

text: The normal penalty for any offence in Mao is one card per offence, though as previously stated, offences are consecutively applied, making some offences harsher than others.


title: Mao (card game)

text: There is usually a time limit of approximately 5 to 10 seconds for each turn. If exceeded, the player gets a penalty card for delay of game or late play and either loses their turn or gets another penalty every five seconds thereafter to either comply with any violated rules, or play a card. Ruthless players who are familiar with the rules sometimes exploit this rule to confuse new players who are unfamiliar with game mechanics that change the order of play: for example, players might look expectantly at a particular player other than the one whose turn it is as if waiting for them to play, then penalizing that player for playing out of turn if they actually played, then immediately penalizing the player whose turn it actually is for delay of game.


title: Mao (card game)

text: For each penalty, unless the rules have been changed appropriately, the penalty card is given with the declaration of the rule violated.


title: Mao (card game)

text: In most cases, when a penalty is called, one card is given to the offender. If the call was incorrect, the caller of a penalty can be given the card back with a reason of "bad call" or "frivolous card-giving".


title: Mao (card game)

text: In many variants an additional rule is silently and secretly added to the game with each round. It is customary for a player (often the winner of the previous round, sometimes the next person to deal) to add one new rule to the game. In a game with only one round, players who have gotten rid of all their cards may make a rule for those still in the game. Sometimes a new rule is explained to one other player (sometimes the dealer, sometimes a runner-up winner of the round), both to ensure consistency of the rule and consistency of its enforcement. Any new rules are allowed, but it must not be biased towards a player.


title: Mao (card game)

text: There may also be additional rules that are already in effect at the beginning of the game, just to get things moving, and these rules may be known to all players, or perhaps only to the dealer. After many rounds, many new rules will accumulate. Naturally, only the person who created the rule will initially know what it is. The rules will vary from group to group, and from game to game, but most rules fall under one of the following four categories.


title: Mao (card game)

text: The triggering events in the example above can be anything. They might include playing a specific card (the ace of spades) or a specific type of card (any red three), but triggering conditions can become as complicated as their creator wishes, such as when someone plays the fourth card of the same suit or playing an odd-numbered card on top of an even-numbered card.


title: Mao (card game)

text: To create a rule, one could pick a triggering condition, and then an action and/or game effect. The spirit of the rule is generally something in good fun; while rules that unfairly sway the game in favor of one player or to the detriment of one specific player are quite easy to concoct ("Every time James plays a ten, he gets a penalty of ten cards"), they are also generally frowned upon as unsportsmanlike. Rarely do rules have a penalty of more than one card, but certain rules have a large penalty attached to them, usually the result of a cumulative rule.


title: Francois Botha

text: Francois "Frans" Botha (born 28 September 1968) is a South African former professional boxer and kickboxer. He competed in boxing from 1990 to 2014, and is perhaps best known for winning the IBF heavyweight title against Axel Schulz in 1995, but was later stripped after failing a drug test. He later challenged twice for world heavyweight titles in 2000 and 2002. Botha has competed against former Heavyweight Champions Mike Tyson, Wladimir Klitschko, Lennox Lewis, Michael Moorer and Evander Holyfield late in their respective careers. Botha participated once in mixed martial arts in 2004.


title: Francois Botha

text: Botha had a victory in 1995 against Germany's Axel Schulz to win the IBF heavyweight Championship, but later tested positive for the steroid nandrolone he and his camp claimed to be prescribed by a doctor for an arm injury. The result of the fight was then changed to a "No Contest" and the IBF do not recognize Botha as former champion, although Botha was introduced as a former champ in every single professional boxing contest he has engaged in since.


title: Francois Botha

text: In 1996 "The White Buffalo" bounced back with a courageous effort with Michael Moorer for the IBF crown on the undercard of Mike Tyson's first contest with Evander Holyfield. Moorer suffered a TKO in the twelfth round. This eventually led to fights with Mike Tyson, Shannon Briggs, and heavyweight title showdowns with Lennox Lewis and Wladimir Klitschko. Botha came up on the short end via knockout in both of those encounters for the heavyweight title.


title: Francois Botha

text: Four months after the Klitschko fight, Botha fought contender Clifford Etienne, and knocked him down twice, but was denied a victory and received a majority draw with two judges scoring it 94–94 and one judge scoring it 95–93 in favor of Botha. This was in Etienne's hometown.


title: Francois Botha

text: In July 2007, Botha returned to boxing with a unanimous decision victory over Bob Mirovic in a fight held in South Africa. Botha dominated the fight with two judges holding Botha won all twelve rounds and one judge ruling he won ten of twelve. The bout was for the interim WBF World Heavyweight title.


title: Francois Botha

text: On 6 February 2009, Botha beat Ron "Rocky" Guerrero by unanimous decision for the vacant WBF heavyweight title in South Africa. He successfully defended his WBF title against Timo Hoffmann on 15 May 2009 in Germany, winning the fight by split decision.


title: Francois Botha

text: Botha was scheduled to box Joey Abell on 27 March 2010 (postponed from the earlier date of 16 January 2010) at the Uganda Nelson Mandela Memorial Stadium in Kampala, Uganda. On 10 January, the World Boxing Foundation executive has decided to vacate the WBF World Heavyweight Title due to Botha not defending within the agreed time limit.


title: Francois Botha

text: On 10 April 2010 Botha lost via knockout in the 8th round to Evander Holyfield at the Thomas and Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Holyfield won the WBF heavyweight title for his victory.


title: Francois Botha

text: Since then, Botha has won against former undefeated South African prospect Flo Simba. He then fought Michael Grant for the vacant WBF heavyweight title and was leading on the scorecards when he was knocked out with a long right hand from Grant with seconds remaining in the contest. Two fights later, Botha fought Francesco Pianeta, who was undefeated in 29 fights, losing the 10 round bout on points.


title: Francois Botha

text: He was due to fight New Zealand dual-international Sonny Bill Williams in Brisbane on 24 November 2012. However, the fight was cancelled and moved to February. Finally the Williams fight did take place in Brisbane. However, only 10 out of a publicised 12 rounds were fought. Bout judges awarded the fight to the New Zealand Champion on points. Since that night in Brisbane there has been a lot of talk in the media, ranging from a failed drugs test, to no drugs testing at all, no WBA official present at the bout, and one fight judge stated that the first he heard about the fight being 10 rounds was from the arena announcer. However, despite all the media speculation, the WBA has confirmed that the fight was legitimate and Williams the recognised International heavyweight title-holder. Botha is hoping for a possible rematch against Williams in Cape Town.


title: Francois Botha

text: From 2003 to 2006 Botha participated several times in the kickboxing combat sport, K-1. His current K-1 record is 4-11, with two wins coming against K-1/Kickboxing legends Jérôme Le Banner and Peter Aerts. Botha's final K-1 match was a three-round decision loss to Jorgen Kruth on 20 May 2006 in a K-1 superfight in Stockholm, Sweden.


title: Francois Botha

text: Botha also had one mixed martial arts fight. On 31 December 2004 he lost to Yoshihiro Akiyama via an armbar submission in the first round.


title: Francois Botha

text: Botha made a return to kickboxing in 2008. On 30 March 2008, Botha defeated muay thai kickboxer Kaoklai Kaennorsing at The KHAN in Seoul, Korea by decision. He lost to French kickboxer "Le Gentleman" Gregory Tony at WFC 6 on 27 September 2008 in Bulgaria.


title: King (chess)

text: The king (♔, ♚) is the most important piece in the game of chess. It may move to any adjoining square; it may also perform a move known as castling. If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check, and the player must remove the threat of on the next move. If this cannot be done, the king is said to be in checkmate, resulting in a loss for that player. A player cannot make any move that places their own king in check. Despite this, the king can become a strong offensive piece in the endgame or, rarely, the middlegame.


title: King (chess)

text: In algebraic notation, the king is abbreviated by the letter K among English speakers. The white king starts the game on e1; the black king starts on e8. Unlike all other pieces, only one king per player can be on the board at any time, and the kings are never removed from the board during the game.


title: King (chess)

text: The white king starts on e1, on the first to the right of the queen from White's perspective. The black king starts on e8, directly across from the white king. Each king starts on a square opposite its own color.


title: King (chess)

text: A king can move one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally unless the square is already occupied by a friendly piece or the move would place the king in check. If the square is occupied by an undefended enemy piece, the king may capture it, removing it from play. Opposing kings may never occupy adjacent squares (see opposition) to give check, as that would put the moving king in check as well. The king can give discovered check, however, by unblocking a bishop, rook, or queen.


title: King (chess)

text: The king can make a special move, in conjunction with a rook of the same color, called castling. When castling, the king moves two squares horizontally toward one of its rooks, and that rook is placed on the square over which the king crossed.


title: King (chess)

text: Castling with the h-file rook is known as castling kingside or short castling (denoted 0-0 in algebraic notation), while castling with the a-file rook is known as castling queenside or long castling (denoted 0-0-0).


title: King (chess)

text: A king that is under attack is said to be in check, and the player in check must immediately remedy the situation. There are three possible ways to remove the king from check:


title: King (chess)

text: If none of the three options are available, the player's king has been checkmated, and the player loses the game.


title: King (chess)

text: At amateur levels, when placing the opponent's king in check, it is common to announce "check", but this is not required by the rules of chess.


title: King (chess)

text: A stalemate occurs when a player, on their turn, has no legal moves, and the player's king is not in check.