title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez's use of vocal belting has been subject to scrutiny because young singers, including contestants on television talent shows, have imitated her singing technique. According to Nestor Torre Jr. of the "Philippine Daily Inquirer", "The popularity of 'birit' [belting] started here with the amateur singing contests ... Then came Regine Velasquez, who also launched her own singing career the 'birit' way ... Trouble is, Regine's belting became so popular that her successor[s] ... imitated her." "Manila Bulletin" said, "Most of our top selling new female singers are still and mere parrots of [Velasquez] in terms of vocal acrobatics and predilection to show off her high range". Media critic Boy Abunda wrote, "Most of the young female singers currently making waves in the industry are cut from the same biritera [belter] cloth as Regine Velasquez."


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Filipino pop, hip-hop, and R&B artists Aicelle Santos, Charice, Erik Santos, Jona Viray, Julie Anne San Jose, KZ Tandingan, Kyla, Mark Bautista, Morissette, , and Yeng Constantino—among others—have cited Velasquez as an influence.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez's music has broadly influenced a younger generation of performers from reality television talent shows; Sarah Geronimo has stated Velasquez made her realize the value of hard work while Rachelle Ann Go and Angeline Quinto have both said Velasquez inspired them during their early years as aspiring singers. "American Idol" finalists Ramiele Malubay, Thia Megia, and Jessica Sanchez have expressed a desire to emulate Velasquez.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez has also been credited for her work and performances with international artists, including 98 Degrees, Alicia Keys, Coco Lee, Peabo Bryson, and Stephen Bishop. French composer Michel Legrand described working with Velasquez, saying "It's tough to sing a song after Barbra Streisand, I will tell you. But to sing with Regine is, I'm in heaven. She sings so well, she has such an extraordinary technical voice ... sensitive voice and talented expression." American singer Brian McKnight who co-headlined a concert with Velasquez, has complimented her singing, stating; "I got to sing onstage with Regine and it was one of the best experiences ever because she's one of the best singers I've ever heard."


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez has been involved with several charitable organizations. She became associated with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in 2001 and worked on a documentary titled "Speak Your Mind", which is about homeless children in Payatas, Quezon City, one of the Philippines' largest open dumpsites. The program was nominated for the UNICEF Child Rights Award.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: One of Velasquez's highest-profile benefit concert appearances was in One Night with Regine, which she performed at the National Museum of the Philippines in support of the Bantay Bata Foundation, a child welfare organization. In 2005, Velasquez appeared in an episode of the lifestyle talk show "Mel and Joey", and donated proceeds from an auction of her gowns to the GMA Kapuso Foundation's Christmas Give-a-Gift project. In 2009, Velasquez headlined a benefit television special called "After The Rain: A Hopeful Christmas" in the aftermath of Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy). In October 2010, she became an ambassador for Operation Smile, a nonprofit organization that provides cleft lip and palate repair surgery to children worldwide. She recorded the theme "S.M.I.L.E.", which was written for the project and appears on her studio album "Fantasy". In November 2013, proceeds from the sales of her album "Hulog Ka Ng Langit" were donated to the Philippine Red Cross in support of the Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) relief.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez has worked on brand marketing initiatives for American fast food restaurant chains Wendy's and KFC. She has signed advertising deals with several other brands, including Digitel, Lux, Nestlé Philippines, Nokia, and Smart Communications. Throughout 2005, she appeared as the face of the Department of Tourism's travel promotion campaign. In August 2009, working with the clothing brand and retail network Bench, Velasquez released two perfumes for women, "Reigne" and "Songbird". In February 2020, she collaborated with beauty brand BYS and launched a line of makeup also called "Reigne". The perfume and makeup names are intentional plays on her name.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez announced her relationship with singer-songwriter Ogie Alcasid in an article published by "Yes!" magazine in June 2007. On August 8, 2010, the couple announced their engagement, and in December, they married in Nasugbu, Batangas. She gave birth to their son, Nathaniel James, via caesarean section on November 8, 2011.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez is a born-again Christian. In March 2016, she revealed she had suffered a miscarriage prior to her marriage to Alcasid and stated it was her reason for converting. Velasquez also said she had been attending Victory Christian Fellowship.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Throughout her career, Velasquez has received many honors and awards, including MTV Asia's Favorite Artist Philippines in 2002 and 2003, and the Aliw Awards' Entertainer of the Year in 2007, 2009, and 2019. She has been the recipient of lifetime achievement awards, including the Awit Awards Dangal ng Musikang Pilipino, the Star Awards for Music's Pilita Corrales Lifetime Achievement and Natatanging Alagad Ng Musika, FAMAS Awards' Golden Artist, and Myx Music's Magna Award.


title: Regine Velasquez

text: Velasquez has sold more than seven million records in the Philippines and 1.5 million in Asia, making her the biggest-selling Filipino artist of all time. Eight of her albums have each sold over 200,000 copies. She was ranked first in "Female Network"s 2011 countdown of the "Top 25 Best Filipina Singers" and was included in "Top 10 Asia" magazine's list of "Ten Most Admired Female Singers in Asia". Velasquez has also received recognition for her work in television and film, such as the Box Office Queen award in 2002, the Star Awards for Television's Best Actress in 2002, and the Golden Screen Awards' Best Actress in 2013. She has received a total of 22 Awit Awards, 22 Box Office Entertainment Awards, 16 Aliw Awards, and 14 Star Awards for Music. In December 2007, Velasquez was honored with a star on the Philippines' Walk of Fame.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Explorers is a 1985 American science fantasy film written by Eric Luke and directed by Joe Dante. The film stars Ethan Hawke and River Phoenix, both in their film debuts, and Jason Presson as teenage boys who build a spacecraft to explore outer space. The special effects were produced by Industrial Light & Magic, with make-up effects by Rob Bottin.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Rushed into production, the film was never properly finished. Dante revealed that the studio demanded that he stop editing and rush for a July release where it was overshadowed by the Live Aid concert, which was held one day after the film's release and stiff competition from "Back to the Future", which opened nine days prior. It was a box office failure upon its release, but it attracted a cult following with its VHS release.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Ben Crandall is a young teenage boy living in a fictional Maryland suburb, who experiences vivid dreams about flying through clouds and over a vast, city-like circuit board, usually after falling asleep watching old sci-fi films ("The War of the Worlds" is a favorite). Upon waking from the dream, he draws a diagram of the circuit board and shows the sketches to his friend, child prodigy Wolfgang Muller. At middle school, Ben develops a crush on Lori Swenson, but is unsure whether it is mutual. The boys also befriend punkish-but-likable Darren Woods, with whom they share their circuit-board concepts. Wolfgang builds an actual microchip based on Ben's drawings. The chip enables the generation of an electromagnetic bubble which surrounds a pre-determined area. The boys discover that the bubble is capable of moving at near-limitless distances and speeds without ill effects from inertia. They construct a rudimentary spacecraft out of an abandoned Tilt-A-Whirl car and name it the "Thunder Road", after Bruce Springsteen's song of the same name.


title: Explorers (film)

text: After Ben receives more dreams about the circuit board, Wolfgang discovers a means of producing unlimited sustainable oxygen; this means longer flights, whereas previously they were limited to whatever a typical oxygen tank could hold. They finalize their plan to explore the galaxy in search of alien life. The boys complete lift-off, despite interference from the authorities (one who silently wishes them well). Shortly after breaking Earth's orbit, something overrides the boys' personal computer-controls. The "Thunder Road" is beamed light years away into deep space and is tractor-beamed aboard a much larger spaceship. The boys venture out to meet their "captors", Wak and Neek: two aliens whose knowledge of Earth comes almost entirely from pop culture, particularly television reruns.


title: Explorers (film)

text: The young explorers hit it off with their extraterrestrial hosts, but then the alien ship is suddenly intercepted by a larger-still alien vessel. Wak urges the boys to leave. They are in the process of doing so when they're interrupted by a gigantic extraterrestrial who admonishes the Wak and Neek. It is revealed that Wak and Neek are brother and sister and the gigantic creature is their father; they've taken his ship out for a "joy ride", sending the dreams to the boys in the hopes of meeting humans. Transmissions of old movies have kept the extraterrestrial populace at a distance – except for the curious Wak and Neek – due to the way humans depict violence toward alien life.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Wak and Neek's father allows the "Thunder Road" and its crew to depart, after Wak and Neek give the boys a parting gift: an amulet which, according to the extraterrestrials, is "the stuff dreams are made of." The boys make it safely back to Earth, but a malfunction results in them crashing the "Thunder Road" into their neighborhood lake. A week later, Ben has a dream at school in which he envisions another vast circuit board while flying through more clouds overhead. This time – thanks to Wak and Neek's amulet – Ben is joined in the dream by Wolfgang, Darren and Lori. They proclaim that the circuitry is "really complicated" and speculate where it may take them once completed. Lori smiles at Ben while holding his hand and they share a kiss while flying.


title: Explorers (film)

text: A rumor persists that the script for "Explorers" had been circulating Hollywood offices for years before it was made, and that it was bought by the studio because a scene of "children flying through the sky on bicycles" appealed to Steven Spielberg for his film "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". The film was originally to be directed by Wolfgang Petersen having initially impressed Paramount executives with his family-targeted "The NeverEnding Story". Petersen wanted to film it in his native Germany. The studio decided to settle in the States with an American director and Petersen was not long after commissioned by 20th Century Fox to take over the production of "Enemy Mine". "The funny thing about it is that when I was first given the script, I was coming off "Gremlins" and in a rare point in my career I was like 'hey, let's get this guy,'" said Dante during a Q&A and screening of the film in 2008. Dante liked what he read but did not feel there was a third act. "At the end when the kids went to the planet, they go and play baseball. That was the plot. It seemed that wasn't quite enough." While discussing the script with Paramount executives, they said "we can work on it while we're making the picture." Dante and the writer, Eric Luke, were "improvising what they were going to do" while the film was being made.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Both Hawke and Phoenix make their feature film debuts. Phoenix, who had grown up in communes in South America, was somewhat unfamiliar with popular culture of North America. During rehearsals it became a running joke when he would attempt scripted well-known words and phrases and pronounce them incorrectly. Phoenix was originally considered to play Darren, but when Dante chose Jason Presson to play him, Dante thought he was good enough to play another role so he cast him against type as the nerdy Wolfgang. Cherie Currie was considered for a part but, according to her autobiography, she was in the throes of drug dependency and could not even make it to a meeting.


title: Explorers (film)

text: "The studio changed hands in the middle of production, and they decided they needed the movie much quicker than we thought," said Dante. "So we shot the picture under very hurried auspices [sic]. The paint on the sets was literally wet and when the kids stepped into the spaceship they sunk into cement because it wasn't dry."' During the dreams when the children fly over the circuit board, some of the camera angles and moves are meant to mimic the flight to Neverland from "Peter Pan". When Robert Picardo was in full makeup and costume as the aliens, Wak and his father, his mouth was the only part of him not completely covered (though his mouth was made up to blend in with the faces of the creatures).


title: Explorers (film)

text: "We came up with sort of a pop culture angle on it, that we thought would be funny... audiences didn't particularly," said Dante. The film contains various references to science fiction features, new and old, and much more when the children meet the aliens. When the boys are hovering over the drive-in, the film that is playing stars a space hero named Starkiller, named after George Lucas' original last name for Luke Skywalker, and the sound effects from the movie are from the Atari video game "Yar's Revenge". Hawke's character, Ben, is obsessed with aliens and movies surrounding them, and the two movies he watches during the film are "This Island Earth" and "The War of the Worlds". The children attend the "Charles M. Jones Junior High School", named after Looney Tunes director Chuck Jones, and Wak the alien's first exchange of dialogue is of Bugs Bunny's famous catchphrase. The song Wak performs for the kids is Little Richard's "All Around the World". One character is a pet rat (trained to use a voice synthesizer) named Heinlein.


title: Explorers (film)

text: While the film uses the original recording, the soundtrack album included a re-recorded remix performed by Robert Palmer.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Dante and his editing team submitted a rough cut by the late spring of 1985, but Paramount wanted to take advantage of the busy summer market. They changed the initial release date of late August to early July. "They said "just stop editing the picture, we're gonna put it out, and we got a perfect date for it and we know it'll make a lot of money," said Dante. There was about an hour and a half worth of footage that was left on the cutting room floor. "There was a lot of spiritual kind of stuff in the movie that didn't make it in at all," Dante said. "There's a theory that was around at the time about the world mind and it was a concept I thought was interesting. We started to get into it and there was no way to make any sense out of it, so we just dumped all that. Now the only picture where that theory is even mentioned is "" unfortunately." Sequences had to be re-dubbed, including one near the end where the boys are under a tree, to give the film a sense of closure. In the drive-in scene of the young couple, the boy who calls the special effects "fake" is supposed to be Ben's brother. Dante says, "there was a whole family sub-plot that is completely missing." The character Gordon Miller was also supposed to return in the third act.


title: Explorers (film)

text: "Explorers" was released on July 12, 1985 on 1,750 theaters, which turned out to be the same weekend as when the Live Aid concert was being broadcast. "Back to the Future" had also opened the previous week on July 3 (Wednesday) and dominated the summer. "Explorers" suffered badly its opening weekend and afterwards quickly disappeared. By the end of its run in theaters, it earned $9,873,044. When the "Los Angeles Times" compared the film with other commercial failures that summer, a Paramount executive responded, "here was a wonderful piece of material. But by the time it came out, you felt as though you'd already seen it." Many of the international markets released the film later in December of the same year.


title: Explorers (film)

text: The film fared better in video rentals and cable broadcasts and garnered positive reviews from critics. Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" said, "Explorers" itself is bubble-thin, but it glides by gracefully on the charm of its three young heroes and their vividly envisioned adventure in space." "Of all the Spielberg-inspired fantasy films afoot at the moment, "Explorers" is by far the most eccentric. It's charmingly odd at some moments, just plain goofy at others," said Janet Maslin in her review for "The New York Times".


title: Explorers (film)

text: The film holds a 72% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's consensus states: "With a terrific young cast (including Ethan Hawke and River Phoenix) and some typically energetic work from director Joe Dante, "Explorers" soars past its '80s kiddie flick competitors with wit, good-looking effects, and tons of charm." Metacritic gave the film a score of 58 based on 14 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Explorers (film)

text: Over time, "Explorers" has gained a cult following among fans of Dante's work, as well as science fiction fans and those who feel it is an overall family-friendly film.


title: Explorers (film)

text: Dante reflected on the film by saying that he is appreciative of the warm reception it has earned over the years, but continued by saying "the problem is for me is that the movie you'll see is not the movie I wanted to make. It's the movie I got to make up to a certain point and then had to stop. It's hard for me to look at it, cause it's not the film I quite had in mind." The missing and cut scenes are presumably lost, as Dante tried searching for them in recent years. Some of the home video releases would be slightly recut to remove two scenes, where Wolfgang has an encounter with Steve Jackson and his gang of bullies and a brief bit where the boys chase the Tilt-a-Whirl ride after they push it up a hill. These two scenes were reinstated when it was added to Netflix. A brief sequence at the end where Ben daydreams about the "Thunder Road" restored and in the classroom was also added in some of the home video releases. Originally before the end credits, in the theatrical cut, the alien Wak "broke the fourth wall" and remarked on people who were still in the theater from the smell of popcorn. In the re-edited home video version, he just tells another joke before it cuts to the closing credits.


title: Explorers (film)

text: The film's original score was composed and conducted by Jerry Goldsmith. An album was released on MCA featuring selections from his score plus three songs (including "All Around the World" as performed by Robert Palmer; the Little Richard version is heard in the film).


title: Explorers (film)

text: The album was later reissued by Varèse Sarabande on cd and cassette, with the score selections first and then the songs where separated to the end of the cd and cassette.


title: Explorers (film)

text: According to "The Hollywood Reporter" in 2014, Paramount is developing a remake of "Explorers" through their low-budget label Insurge Pictures written by Geoff Moore and Dave Posamentier and produced by Josh Appelbaum and Andre Nemec. The remake is said to be similar in tone to the Michael Bay–produced "Project Almanac". Deadline report that Cary Fukunaga and David Lowery are working on the pilot for a new adaptation of the film.


title: Pandiraj

text: Pandiraj (பாண்டிராஜ் in Tamil) is an Indian film director and producer, writer who works in Tamil cinema. His debut film, "Pasanga" (2009), was commercially successful and won several awards, including the National Film Award for Best Screenplay.


title: Pandiraj

text: Pandiraj was born 7 June 1976 and brought up in Virachilai Township, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India. After Schooling, he moved to Chennai in 1996. He worked as an "office-boy" with director K. Bhagyaraj. During his early years, he wrote several short stories for the famous Tamil Bagya. Gradually, his interest in film making increased and after hurdles, he got the chance to be an assistant director to filmmaker Cheran. He later worked as an assistant director to Thangar Bachan and Chimbu Deven in six films.


title: Pandiraj

text: Pandiraj is also famous for making village action family movies. The movies include a lot of family sentiments and focuses on farming.


title: Pandiraj

text: In 2009, Pandiraj became an independent director with director M. Sasikumar agreeing to produce the film. Titled "Pasanga", it was a children's film featuring several new child actors and Vimal in his first lead role. "Pasanga" was said to be a dedication to Pandiraj's childhood memories and was shot during the school vacations and on weekends. The film was a critical success, winning several national and international awards, including three National Film Awards, and being screened at various film festivals. Following the success of "Pasanga", Pandiraj directed his second film, "Vamsam" with newcomer Arulnithi and Sunaina starring. The film, which was produced by Arulnidhi's father and M. Karunanidhi's youngest son, M. K. Thamizharasu, gained positive reviews and went well in the box office.


title: Pandiraj

text: In 2012, Pandiraj set up his a film production studio named Pasanga Productions. His first production was his own directorial "Marina" which marked the feature film debut for television anchor and comedian Sivakarthikeyan. The film received mixed reviews from critics. The director's next "Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga" was also produced by him. Pandiraj cast the lead actors of his previous films, Sivakarthikeyan and Vimal, in the film, who were paired Bindu Madhavi and Regina Cassandra. The romantic comedy film received positive responses from critics and became a commercial hit. Pandiraj distributed his former assistant Naveen's debut film "Moodar Koodam" under his Pasanga Productions studio. He also wrote the dialogues for cinematographer Vijay Milton's second directorial "Goli Soda". In 2015, Pandiraj has directed another children's film titled "Pasanga 2", produced by actor Suriya. He later directed romantic comedy "Idhu Namma Aalu" (2016) and action thriller, "Kathakali" (2016).


title: Pandiraj

text: In 2018, "Kadaikutty Singam" was promoted as a film that would inspire the younger generation to take up farming. But Pandiraj loses his aim mid-way and the film becomes one that propagates good familial values and focuses less on farming. Pandiraj win Best Director Tamil in South Indian International Movie Awards. Later, Pandiraj produce "Semma" and launching his former assistant Vallikanthan as a director with the G. V. Prakash Kumar. With "Namma Veettu Pillai" (2019), which has actor Sivakarthikeyan in the lead, Pandiraj, once again delivers a film with the importance of families, and the significance of the bond shared between relatives are shown amazingly with ample convincing dialogues and emotional scenes in the film.


title: Kala Savage

text: Kala Lynne Savage (born October 16, 1978) is an American actress. She is best known for the TV series "Undressed", "Santa Barbara", and "8 Simple Rules".


title: Kala Savage

text: Savage was born in Highland Park, Illinois, the daughter of Joanne and Lewis Savage, who were an industrial real estate broker and a consultant. Her older brother is actor/director Fred Savage, known of "The Wonder Years" and her younger brother is actor/director Ben Savage known of "Boy Meets World". Her grandparents were Jewish and from Poland, Ukraine, Germany, and Latvia, and Savage was raised in Reform Judaism.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Eleanor Bron (born 14 March 1938) is an English stage, film and television actress, and an author. Her film roles include Ahme in the Beatles musical "Help!" (1965), the Doctor in "Alfie" (1966), Margaret Spencer in "Bedazzled" (1967), and Hermione Roddice in "Women in Love" (1969). She has appeared in television series such as "Yes Minister", "Doctor Who," and "Absolutely Fabulous".


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron was born on 14 March 1938 in Stanmore, Middlesex, into a Jewish family. Before her birth, her father Sydney had legally changed his name from Bronstein to Bron, in an effort to enhance his newly founded commercial enterprise, Bron's Orchestral Service. Her elder brother was the record producer Gerry Bron.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She attended the North London Collegiate School and then Newnham College, Cambridge, where she read Modern Languages. She later characterised her time at Newnham as "three years of unparalleled pampering and privilege".


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron began her career in the Cambridge Footlights revue of 1959, titled "The Last Laugh", in which Peter Cook also appeared. The addition of a female performer to the Footlights was a departure; until that time it had been all-male, with female characters portrayed in drag.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Her film appearances include the role of Ahme in the Beatles' film "Help!" (1965); her name inspired Paul McCartney when he composed "Eleanor Rigby". Other roles included the doctor who grounds Michael Caine's character in "Alfie" (1966), the unattainable Margaret Spencer in Peter Cook and Dudley Moore's film "Bedazzled" (1967), Hermione Roddice in Ken Russell's "Women in Love" (1969), and Sisters McFee and MacArthur in "The National Health" (1973).


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She also appeared in the films "Two for the Road" (1967) alongside Albert Finney and Audrey Hepburn, and "A Touch of Love" (1969) with Sandy Dennis and Ian McKellen. She later appeared in the film adaptation of "Black Beauty" (1994), and "A Little Princess" (1995).


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron's earliest work for television included appearances on David Frost's "Not So Much a Programme, More a Way of Life", "My Father Knew Lloyd George" and "BBC-3", where she performed in sketches with John Fortune; they had already worked together at Peter Cook's Establishment Club. Later, her work included such programmes as "Where Was Spring?" (1969, also alongside Fortune), "World in Ferment" (1969), and "After That, This" (1975) – the one with the "egg" timer in the opening credits.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She collaborated with novelist and playwright Michael Frayn on the BBC programmes "Beyond a Joke" (1972) and "Making Faces" (1975).


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She appeared in "Equal Opportunities", a 1982 episode of the BBC series "Yes Minister", playing a senior civil servant in Jim Hacker's Department. Hacker plans to promote her—ostensibly to strike a blow for women's rights—only to be sorely disappointed.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In 1979 Bron appeared as Maggie Hartley, a stage actress accused of murder, in an episode of the popular British legal series "Rumpole of the Bailey", entitled "Rumpole and the Show Folk", which starred Leo McKern in the title role. She also appeared as Mary in "The Day Christ Died" (1980), and played Mrs Barrymore in the 1983 TV movie "The Hound of the Baskervilles" which starred Ian Richardson as Sherlock Holmes.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron appeared twice in the original series of "Doctor Who". She had a brief comedic scene in the serial "City of Death" (1979) alongside John Cleese, which was at the suggestion of its co-writer Douglas Adams. The pair are art critics in Denise Rene's art gallery in Paris who are admiring the TARDIS (which they think to be a piece of art), when the Doctor (Tom Baker), Romana (Lalla Ward), and Duggan (Tom Chadbon) rush into it and it dematerialises. Bron's character, believing this to be part of the work, states that it is "Exquisite, absolutely exquisite!" She also had the main guest billing as the villain Kara in the Colin Baker era serial "Revelation of the Daleks" (1985). Bron later appeared in the "Doctor Who" audio drama "Loups-Garoux" (2001) starring Peter Davison, in which she played the wealthy heiress Ileana de Santos.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron played an art critic again in 1990, appearing in the BBC sketch comedy show "French and Saunders" in a parody of an Andy Warhol documentary. Later she made frequent appearances in Jennifer Saunders' television series "Absolutely Fabulous". Bron played, via flashback, the recurring character of Patsy's mother, a woman who "scattered bastard babies across Europe like a garden sprinkler". After giving birth, she would always say "Now take it away! And bring me another lover." In 1992, she played Maria Laslo in the first series of Heartbeat. She had a supporting role in the 1994 BBC ghost story "The Blue Boy", and also appeared in the BBC's biographical TV movie "Saint-Ex" in 1996. She also narrated an episode on "Wild Discovery".


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In 1973 she appeared in the West End musical "The Card". Throughout the 1980s she appeared in Amnesty International's "The Secret Policeman's Ball" live benefit shows, working alongside Peter Cook and Rowan Atkinson, starting with the stage show that preceded those, "A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick)" in 1976. In 2005 she appeared at the Liverpool Empire Theatre in the musical play "Twopence to Cross the Mersey". She appeared in the role of an abbess in Howard Brenton's play "In Extremis", staged at Shakespeare's Globe in 2007. She also appeared in the dramatised version of Pedro Almodóvar's film "All About My Mother", which opened at the Old Vic theatre in the late summer of 2007.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron also gave the premiere performance of "The Yellow Cake Revue" (1980), a series of pieces for voice and piano written by Peter Maxwell Davies in protest against uranium mining in the Orkney Islands. Bron has written and performed new verses for Camille Saint-Saëns' "The Carnival of the Animals". She has also performed and recorded the female reciter part in William Walton's Façade (entertainment) with the Nash Ensemble.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In 1985 Bron was selected, for her authoritative tone, to become "the voice of BT" and can still be heard on various British telephone error messages such as "The number you have dialled has not been recognised, please check and try again".


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In 1998, she appeared as Frau Luther in episode 2 "Stuckart" of the BBC Radio 4 adaptation of "Fatherland", a novel by Robert Harris, along with Anton Lesser, Angeline Ball, Stratford Johns, Michael Byrne, William Scott Masson and Michael Culver


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In 2001 and 2002, she appeared in the BBC radio comedy sketch show "The Right Time", along with Graeme Garden, Paula Wilcox, Clive Swift, and Neil Innes. Another notable radio appearance was in "The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" in the 2002 episode "The Madness of Colonel Warburton". In 2001 she played the great-grandmother in the seven-part ITV series "Gypsy Girl", based on books by Elizabeth Arnold.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In 2006 she narrated the BBC Radio 4 adaptation of the Craig Brown book "1966 and All That". Her other voice work includes a recorded tour of Sir John Soane's Museum in London, England.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: In April 2010 Bron, along with Ian McKellen and Brian Cox, appeared in a series of TV advertisements to support Age UK, the charity recently formed from the merger of Age Concern and Help the Aged. All three actors gave their time free of charge.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She appeared in the long-running British TV series "Midsomer Murders" as Lady Isobel DeQuetteville in the episode "The Dark Rider", first aired on ITV1 on 1 February 2012. In 2019 she appeared as Maxine in "The Miniature Murders."


title: Eleanor Bron

text: On 25 December 2013 Bron appeared on BBC One in an adaptation of the M.R. James ghost story "The Tractate Middoth".


title: Eleanor Bron

text: On 25 July 2014 she joined the cast of radio soap "The Archers", playing the part of Carol Tregorran.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: Bron was the partner of the architect Cedric Price for many years until his death in 2003; they had no children. An interview with Bron in 2015 revealed that she had voted for Jeremy Corbyn in the Labour leadership election. Bron is a pescetarian.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She is the author of several books, including "Life and Other Punctures", a 1978 account of bicycling in France and Holland on a Moulton bicycle; and "Cedric Price Retriever", an inventory of the contents of the bookshelves of her late partner, architect Cedric Price.


title: Eleanor Bron

text: She is mentioned in the Yo La Tengo song "Tom Courtenay": "...dreaming 'bout Eleanor Bron, in my room with the curtains drawn...".


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Thomas James Vilsack (; born December 13, 1950) is an American politician serving as the 32nd United States Secretary of Agriculture in the Biden administration. He previously served in the role from 2009 to 2017 during the Obama administration. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 40th governor of Iowa from 1999 to 2007.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: On November 30, 2006, he formally launched his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2008 election, but ended his bid on February 23, 2007. Then-President-elect Barack Obama announced Vilsack's selection to be Secretary of Agriculture on December 17, 2008. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate by unanimous consent on January 20, 2009. Until his January 13, 2017 resignation one week prior to the end of Obama's second term as president, he had been the only member of the U.S. Cabinet who had served since the day Obama originally took office. he was the fourth-longest-serving holder of the office.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: On July 19, 2016, "The Washington Post" reported that Vilsack was on Hillary Clinton's two-person shortlist to be her running mate for that year's presidential election. U.S. Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia was ultimately selected. On December 10, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden announced his intention to nominate Vilsack to once again serve as Secretary of Agriculture in the incoming Biden administration. Vilsack was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on February 23, 2021 by a vote of 92–7.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack was born on December 13, 1950 in a Roman Catholic orphanage in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where his 23-year-old birth mother (a secretary) had lived since September 1950 under the pseudonym of "Gloria"; he was baptized as "Kenneth". He was adopted in 1951 by Bud, a real-estate agent and insurance salesman, and Dolly Vilsack. They named him Thomas James.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack attended Shady Side Academy, a preparatory high school in Pittsburgh. He received a bachelor's degree in 1972 from Hamilton College. While at Hamilton, he joined the Delta Upsilon fraternity. He received a Juris Doctor from Albany Law School in 1975.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In Mount Pleasant, Vilsack raised funds to rebuild an athletic facility for young people; in a 2016 interview, he describes himself "as the Jerry Lewis of Mount Pleasant for a couple days" when he hosted a pledge drive on the local radio station to raise the funds. This led him to involvement in the local Chamber of Commerce and United Way. He and his wife volunteered in the failed 1988 presidential campaign of then senator Joe Biden.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: After the mayor of Mount Pleasant was gunned down in December 1986, Vilsack led a fundraising drive to build a memorial fountain. The deceased mayor's father asked Vilsack to run for mayor of Mount Pleasant; he was elected and began serving in 1987. He was elected to the Iowa Senate in 1992. Following his election, he worked on legislation requiring companies who received state tax incentives to provide better pay and benefits. He helped pass a law for workers to receive health coverage when changing jobs and helped redesign Iowa's Workforce Development Department. He also wrote a bill to have the State of Iowa assume a 50% share of local county mental health costs.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In 1998, Terry Branstad chose not to seek re-election after 16 years as governor. The Iowa Republican Party nominated Jim Ross Lightfoot, a former U.S. Representative. Vilsack defeated former Iowa Supreme Court Justice Mark McCormick in the Democratic primary and chose Sally Pederson as his running mate. Lightfoot was the odds-on favorite to succeed Branstad and polls consistently showed him in the lead. However, Vilsack narrowly won the general election and became the first Democrat to serve as governor of Iowa in thirty years and only the fifth Democrat to hold the office in the 20th century.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: During the 2000 contest for the Democratic presidential nomination between Vice President Al Gore and former U.S. Senator Bill Bradley, he remained neutral.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In 2002 he won his second term in office by defeating Republican challenger attorney Doug Gross by eight percentage points.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In the first year of his second term, Vilsack used a line-item veto, later ruled unconstitutional by the Iowa Supreme Court, to create the Grow Iowa Values Fund, a $503million appropriation designed to boost the Iowa economy by offering grants to corporations and initiatives pledged to create higher-income jobs. He vetoed portions of the bill that would have cut income taxes and eased business regulations. After a special session of the Iowa General Assembly on September 7, 2004, $100million in state money was set aside to honor previously made commitments. The Grow Iowa Values Fund was reinstated at the end of the 2005 session: under the current law, $50million per year will be set aside over the next ten years.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: For most of Vilsack's tenure as governor, Republicans held effective majorities in the Iowa General Assembly. Following the November 2, 2004, elections, the fifty-member Senate was evenly split between Democrats and Republicans, and Republicans held a 51–49 majority in the House of Representatives.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In July 2005, Vilsack signed an executive order allowing all felons who had served their sentences to vote. Approximately 115,000 felons regained their voting rights. He said: "When you've paid your debt to society, you need to be reconnected and re-engaged to society." Previously, convicted felons were disenfranchised, but could petition the governor to initiate a process, normally requiring six months, to restore their right to vote.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: During the 2005 legislative session, Vilsack signed legislation designed to reduce methamphetamine use. It imposed greater restrictions on products containing the active ingredient pseudoephedrine, requiring them to be sold behind pharmacy counters rather than via open-access. It required purchasers to show identification and sign a logbook. It took effect on May 21, 2005.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in "Kelo v. City of New London" in June 2005, Vilsack vetoed a bill to restrict Iowa's use of eminent domain, citing its potential for negative impact on job creation. He said: "You have an interesting balance between job growth, which everybody supports, and restricting the power of government, which a lot of people support." His veto was overridden by the legislature.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack is a former member of the National Governors Association Executive Committee. He was chair of the Democratic Governors Association in 2004. He was also chair of the Governors Biotechnology Partnership, the Governors Ethanol Coalition, and the Midwest Governors Conference, and has also been chair and vice-chair of the National Governors Association's committee on Natural Resources, where he worked to develop the NGA's farm and energy policies.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack was thought to be high on the list of potential running mates for Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. In 2005, Vilsack established Heartland PAC, a political action committee aimed at electing Democratic governors. In the first report, he raised over half a million dollars. Vilsack left office in 2007; he did not seek a third term and was succeeded by Chet Culver.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: On November 30, 2006, Tom Vilsack became the second Democrat (after Mike Gravel) to officially announce intentions to run for the presidency in the 2008 election. In his announcement speech, he said "America's a great country, and now I have the opportunity to begin the process, the legal process of filing papers to run for President of the United States." Vilsack dropped out of the race on February 23, 2007, citing monetary constraints.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack's campaign made significant use of social media by maintaining an active MySpace profile, a collection of viral video clips on YouTube, a Facebook profile, videoblog on blip.tv, and a conference call with the podcast site TalkShoe. On January 27, 2007, Vilsack called into the Regular Guys Show hosted by Kurt Hurner to conduct a 15‑minute interview on his running for the Democratic nomination for 2008. Since then, Vilsack appeared again on the show, now The Kurt Hurner Show at Talk Shoe on August 12, 2008, this time as a supporter of Barack Obama for president taking questions from callers to the program for 30 minutes.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: During the campaign, Vilsack joined fellow candidates Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden in supporting the establishment of a U.S. Public Service Academy as a civilian counterpart to the military academies.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Shortly after ending his 2008 bid for the White House, Vilsack endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton and was named the national co-chair for Clinton's presidential campaign.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack was critical of President Bush's execution of the war in Iraq, but he hesitated to call for an immediate and complete pullout of U.S. forces: "I don't think we're losing in Iraq. It appears to be a draw. People are upset by the fact that their kids are over there and there doesn't seem to be any end to this whole process. It's not pacifism that makes people think this way. They're questioning the credibility and competence of the Commander-in-Chief."


title: Tom Vilsack

text: On December 5, Vilsack announced that he favored withdrawing most U.S. forces from Iraq and leaving a small force in the northern region for a limited period. He said U.S. forces provided the Iraqi government with "both a crutch and an excuse" for inaction. He said U.S. withdrawal "may very well require them to go through some chaotic and very difficult times", but that he believed it the only way to force the Iraqi government to take control of the country.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: The Vilsack Energy Security Agenda set out a strategy to dramatically reduce U.S. reliance on foreign energy and to cut the United States' carbon emissions. It also called for replacing the Department of Energy with a new Department of Energy Security, to oversee and redefine the federal government's role in energy policy. The reorganized department would have acted as an institutional advocate for innovation in energy policy and was intended to ensure accountability as the nation works towards achieving its energy security goals. Through this new department, America's overriding objective in energy policy would have been to make America the unquestioned leader in clean energy, enhancing national security and economic strength.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: On December 17, 2008, then-President-elect Barack Obama announced his choice of Vilsack as the nominee to be the 30th Secretary of Agriculture. Vilsack has governed a largely agricultural state as did the previous two Secretaries of Agriculture, Mike Johanns (who was later a United States Senator from Nebraska) (2005–2007) and Ed Schafer (2007–2009).


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Reaction to Vilsack's nomination from agricultural groups was largely positive and included endorsements from the Corn Refiners Association, the National Grain and Feed Association, the National Farmers Union, the American Farm Bureau Federation, and the Environmental Defense Fund. Vilsack was the founder and former chair of the Governor's Biotechnology Partnership, and was named Governor of the Year by the Biotechnology Industry Organization, an industry lobbying group.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack appointed Shirley Sherrod as the Georgia Director of Rural Development, saying she would be an "important advocate on behalf of rural communities". Months after the appointment, Vilsack forced her to resign based on accusations of considering race in the handling of her job responsibilities at a private advocacy firm in 1986. Subsequent reports claimed that Vilsack had overreacted to a selectively edited tape of a speech that Sherrod had given to the NAACP. The edited tape had been posted online by conservative blogger Andrew Breitbart. Vilsack expressed his "deep regret" to Sherrod in acting hastily.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: On January 24, 2012, Obama appointed Vilsack the designated survivor during the President's State of the Union address.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In March 2012, Vilsack joined three midwest governors in a campaign to defend the use of a processed beef product made from trimmings left after beef carcasses are butchered, dubbed "pink slime" by its critics. He said "it's safe, it contains less fat and historically it's been less expensive" and that it should be available to consumers and school districts that want to buy it.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: At a Drake University forum on climate change April 22, 2014, Vilsack stated "agriculture tends to take the brunt of criticism about climate change, but the industry contributes only 9percent of the greenhouse gases blamed for a warming planet" and that while there were "challenges globally in terms of agriculture and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions that's not necessarily the case in the United States."


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In 2015, Vilsack told President Obama he was considering resigning from his position. "The Washington Post" reported that he said, "There are days when I have literally nothing to do" as he weighed his decision to quit. Obama asked Vilsack to remain in his position and asked him to look into the problem of opioid addiction.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Shortly after his tenure ended, Vilsack released a statement in support of his succession by Sonny Perdue as the Secretary of Agriculture, making Perdue the only cabinet member nominee to receive a public statement of support from an Obama cabinet member. He was mentioned as a possible candidate for the United States Senate in 2020, for the seat currently held by Republican incumbent Joni Ernst, but subsequently declined to run.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: In December 2020, Biden announced he would nominate Vilsack to again serve as the Secretary of Agriculture. The move was met by some with criticism from black farmers and progressives, because of Vilsack's perceived relationship with status quo and corporate agriculture. He appeared before the Senate Agriculture Committee on February 2, 2021, and was unanimously approved. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate on February 23, 2021, by a 92–7 vote. He was sworn into office by Vice President Kamala Harris on February 24, 2021.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: During his tenure, Vilsack announced that the USDA would leverage $100 million in funding from the American Rescue Plan Act to expand America's meat processing capacity.


title: Tom Vilsack

text: Vilsack met his wife, Ann Christine "Christie" Bell, in a cafeteria while at Hamilton College in New York in October 1968. Vilsack approached her and asked, "Are you a Humphrey or a Nixon supporter?" She replied "Humphrey" and they soon began dating. On August 18, 1973, the couple was married in Christie Vilsack's hometown of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Vilsack and his wife moved to Mount Pleasant in 1975, where he joined his father-in-law's law practice.


title: Gold digger

text: Gold digger is a term for a person, typically a woman, who engages in a type of transactional relationship for money rather than love. If it turns into marriage, it is a type of marriage of convenience.


title: Gold digger

text: The term "gold digger" is a slang term that has its roots among chorus girls and sex workers in the early 20th century. In print, the term can be found in Rex Beach's 1911 book, "The Ne'er-Do-Well", and in the 1915 memoir "My Battles with Vice" by Virginia Brooks. The "Oxford Dictionary" and "Random House's Dictionary of Historical Slang" state the term is distinct for women because they were much more likely to need to marry a wealthy man in order to achieve or maintain a level of socioeconomic status.


title: Gold digger

text: The term rose in usage after the popularity of Avery Hopwood's play "The Gold Diggers" in 1919. Hopwood first heard the term in a conversation with Ziegfeld performer Kay Laurell.


title: Gold digger

text: As an indication on how new the slang term was, Broadway producers urged him to change the title because they feared that the audience would think that the play was about mining and the Gold Rush.


title: Gold digger

text: There exist several cases where female public figures have been perceived as exemplars of the gold digger stereotype by the public. The best-known gold digger of the early 20th century was Peggy Hopkins Joyce. Joyce was a former show girl who married and divorced millionaires. She was characterized as a gold digger during her divorce battle with Stanley Joyce during the early 1920s. Some have argued that she was the real-life inspiration for Lorelei Lee, the protagonist in Anita Loos’ 1925 novel "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" which holds gold digging as a central theme. Additionally, some have contended that the term "gold digger" was coined to describe her. Former Olympian Eleanor Holm was dubbed the "swimming gold digger" for her divorce contest with Broadway impresario Billy Rose during the 1950s. The press and public described model and actress, Anna Nicole Smith, as a gold digger for marrying multi-millionaire octogenarian J. Howard Marshall II. There was even a book published as a Little Blue Book (Little Blue Book No. 1392, "Confessions of a Gold Digger", by Betty Van Deventer, 1929).


title: Gold digger

text: The recurring image of the gold digger in Western popular media throughout the 1920s and 1930s developed into an important symbol of a moral panic surrounding frivolous lawsuits. Sharon Thompson's research has demonstrated how public perception of the prevalence of gold digging has created disadvantages for female spouses without their own source of income in the negotiation of alimony cases and prenuptial agreements. The gold digger stereotype triggered public discussions about heartbalm legislation during the 1930s, particularly breach of promise cases. Public outrage surrounding the image of frivolous lawsuits and unfair alimony payouts related to the gold digger archetype contributed to a nationwide push throughout the middle and late 1930s to outlaw heart balm legislation in the United States.


title: Gold digger

text: The gold digger emerged as a dominant trope in American popular culture beginning in the 1920s. Stephen Sharot stated that the gold digger supplanted the popularity of the "vamp" in 1920s cinema.


title: Gold digger

text: By the 1930s, the term "gold digger" had reached the United Kingdom through a British remake of "The Gold Diggers". While the film received negative critical reception, several sequels with the same title have been produced.


title: Gold digger

text: In the 1930s, the gold digger trope was used in a number of popular American films, most notably "Gold Diggers of 1933", "Gold Diggers of 1935", "Baby Face", "Red-Headed Woman", "Dinner at Eight", and "Havana Widows". Film historian Roger Dooley notes that the gold digger is one of the most common of the “stock company of stereotypes that continually reappear in the films of the 1930s.” Gold diggers in 1930s cinema were often portrayed in positive, sometimes heroic, ways. The character has featured in many films since the 1930s such as "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" (1953) and "How to Marry a Millionaire" (1953), both starring Marilyn Monroe, or as a villainous foil, as in both versions of Disney's film "The Parent Trap".


title: Gold digger

text: The gold digger image or trope appears in several popular songs, including "My Heart Belongs to Daddy" (1938), "Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend" (1949), "Santa Baby" (1953), "She Got the Goldmine (I Got The Shaft)" (1982), and "Material Girl" (1984). Rap music's use of the "gold digger script" is one of a few prevalent sexual scripts that is directed at young African-American women. For example Kanye West's "Gold Digger" and EPMD's "Gold Digger" both reference a woman marrying for perceived wealth. West's "Gold Digger" brought attention to the Gold Digger trope into Pop Culture, especially because of the music video that followed.


title: Roman Atwood

text: Roman Bernard Atwood (born May 28, 1983) is an American YouTube personality and prankster. He is best known for his vlogs, where he posts updates about his life. His vlogging channel, "RomanAtwoodVlogs", has a total of 5 billion views and 15 million subscribers. He also has another YouTube channel called "RomanAtwood", where he used to post prank videos. The channel has been inactive since 2016. His pranks have gained over 1.4 billion views and 10.4 million subscribers. He became the second YouTuber after Germán Garmendia to receive two Diamond Play Buttons for his first two channels.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On May 28, 2022 he officially launched his third channel, "RomanAtwoodPodcast". The channel is focused around his podcast where he features numerous friends and special guests, such as Steve-O, Vitaly, and FouseyTube.


title: Roman Atwood

text: Born in Millersport, Ohio, Atwood has been filming and producing videos since high school. He was born to Curt Dale Atwood and Susan Atwood. He began his independent career by producing a series of DVDs called "The Nerd Herd" which he sold at the Warped Tour in 2006. Atwood has also worked on various film projects and commercials in Columbus, Ohio until 2010, when he decided to focus on his passion of comedy and created the YouTube channel "Sketch Empire".


title: Roman Atwood

text: Prior to his YouTube career, he worked at his family's rope factory called "Atwood Rope". In 2001, he married Shanna Riley, who gave birth to Atwood's first son, Noah Vaughn Atwood (born October 18, 2004). In 2008, after his wife cheated on him with a friend while on vacation, he filed for a divorce.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In 2013, Atwood founded his own merchandise line called "Smile More", selling T-shirts, hoodies, bracelets and other items.


title: Roman Atwood

text: He currently resides in his hometown with his wife Brittney Smith-Atwood, with whom he has a second son, Kane Alexander Atwood (born October 23, 2011) and daughter, Cora Atwood (born July 16, 2017). Atwood met Smith at the wedding of his friend, Chase Gilroy, where Roman was his best man in 2008. Smith is the sister of Gilroy's wife, Veronica, and the two started dating from there. Atwood proposed to Smith on April 30, 2018, and the two married on July 27, 2018, in Maui, Hawaii.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On May 29, 2019, Atwood's mother, Susan Atwood, died unexpectedly after a tragic accident while on vacation with the entire Atwood family. Atwood subsequently took time out from his social media activity to grieve for his mother.


title: Roman Atwood

text: After uploading a video on New Year's Eve of 2019, Atwood underwent a large period of inactivity on social media for an undisclosed reason. He uploaded a video on August 18, 2020, in which he greeted his fans and stated that while he could not disclose the reason for his absence, he wanted to reassure fans that he and his family were okay, and that several conspiracy-style videos that had been uploaded by fans and content creators to YouTube discussing his absence were all inaccurate. Two days later on August 20, the Atwoods revealed that they were expecting a fourth child, though they added it was not the reason for their absence.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On January 11, 2021, Atwood uploaded a video titled "Welcome to the world!" in which he and Brittney revealed that their son, Knox Atwood, was born five days earlier on January 6, weighing in at just under 9lbs.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In this video, Atwood fills his house with plastic balls 2.5 ft high, turning it into a massive ball pit. This video was uploaded on January 18, 2015, and currently has almost 86 million views. This video was noticed by Nissan, who gave him a 2015 Nissan GTR in exchange to use his video in the "WithDad" campaign during their half-time advert at Super Bowl XLIX. This was awarded the best "Brand Campaign" for the 5th Streamy Awards.


title: Roman Atwood

text: His video "Anniversary Prank Backfires!!" was posted on November 20, 2013, and currently has over 86 million views. It features Atwood pranking Smith on their five-year dating anniversary by confessing that he has cheated on her. The prank backfires when she sees the camera beforehand and pranks him back by pretending that she has cheated on him too. She only reveals her own prank after a few seconds of Atwood reacting badly to the news. At the end of the video, Smith says "I thought you were going to propose".


title: Roman Atwood

text: A prank titled "Killing My Own Kid PRANK!!", posted on November 30, 2014, and currently has over 50 million views. The video shows Atwood pranking Smith by throwing a mannequin in a Spider-Man costume, pretending it was their son Kane. When Smith runs to the mannequin, she quickly pulls off its mask, realizing it was not Kane, and in fact the mannequin. At this point, she breaks down into tears as Atwood enters the room snickering at her. She then storms off, but returns when Atwood asks her "Are you really that mad?" She then starts shouting at him and tells him he's "sleeping on the couch". The prank was referenced during Atwood and Smith's appearance on the reality TV series "Tanked", where Smith revealed that Atwood did in fact sleep on the couch that night.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In March 2014, Roman, along with his accomplices, were arrested by the Columbus Police Department for inducing panic and disorderly conduct during the filming of a prank where he pretended to rob an ATM in public. He was released on bail and was summoned to court. The case was widely contested, with his fans showing up to court to support and watch the case. As a defendant, he won the case on the basis of expression of art and freedom of speech, and the case was settled.


title: Roman Atwood

text: A video titled "INSANE Toilet Paper PRANK!!" was posted on March 15, 2015 and currently has over 20 million views. The prank features Atwood toilet papering Howie Mandel's house with the help of Mandel's son, Alex.


title: Roman Atwood

text: Later, Mandel discussed the prank on an episode of "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" and his experience with his son and the clean up.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In 2016, Atwood, Vitaly Zdorovetskiy and Dennis Roady released a film produced by Lionsgate, called "Natural Born Pranksters" which has received little critical attention. Neither Rotten Tomatoes nor Metacritic have yet aggregated enough reviews to even give the film a score.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On July 1, 2016, Atwood and his family appeared on an episode of "Tanked" titled "Internet Tank Sensation". The episode features Brett and Wayde building a customized tank in Atwood's office for Smile More.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In 2016, Atwood and fellow YouTuber Yousef Erakat started a worldwide tour called "Roman vs. Fousey". They have performed shows in the United States, Canada and the UK.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In 2013, Atwood founded his own merchandise line called "Smile More", selling T-shirts, hoodies, bracelets and other items. At the time, merchandise was handled exclusively by Atwood and his wife, with orders being processed in their basement.


title: Roman Atwood

text: In 2016, Atwood moved the business to its own building located on the same property as his residence. Atwood hired more employees, some of which were family, to help process orders faster and in-house.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On May 7, 2022, Atwood posted a video to his vlog channel announcing that Smile More would be moved entirely to Texas in a collaboration with longtime friend and business partner, Matt Carriker, and his company, Bunker Branding. It was also announced that Atwood and his wife would take part ownership of Bunker Branding.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On October 26, 2021, Atwood announced the first NFT of his Smile More collection on OpenSea. The collection was made collaboratively with multiple artists.


title: Roman Atwood

text: On May 7, 2022, following the announcement of Smile More's move to Texas, Atwood announced that he and his wife would be taking part ownership of longtime friend Matt Carriker's company, Bunker Branding.


title: Laconia

text: Laconia or Lakonia (, , ) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Its administrative capital is Sparta. The word "laconic"—to speak in a blunt, concise way—is derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.


title: Laconia

text: The origin of the name is undocumented, though it shares the "lak-" syllabary with both the Kurdish Laks and the Caucasian Laks and probably indicates settlement by related peoples prior to the coming of the Mycenaean Greeks.


title: Laconia

text: Laconia is bordered by Messenia to the west and Arcadia to the north and is surrounded by the Myrtoan Sea to the east and by the Laconian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It encompasses Cape Malea and Cape Tainaron and a large part of the Mani Peninsula. The Mani Peninsula is in the west region of Laconia. The islands of Kythira and Antikythera lie to the south, but they administratively belong to the Attica regional unit of islands. The island, Elafonisos, situated between the Laconian mainland and Kythira, is part of Laconia.


title: Laconia

text: The Eurotas is the longest river in the prefecture. The valley of the Eurotas is predominantly an agricultural region that contains many citrus groves, olive groves, and pasture lands. It is the location of the largest orange production in the Peloponnese and probably in all of Greece. "Lakonia", a brand of orange juice, is based in Amykles.


title: Laconia

text: The main mountain ranges are the Taygetus in the west and the Parnon in the northeast. Taygetus, known as Pentadaktylos ("five-fingers") throughout the Middle Ages, is west of Sparta and the Eurotas valley. It is the highest mountain in Laconia and the Peloponnese and is mostly covered with pine trees. Two roads join the Messenia and Laconia prefectures: one is a tortuous mountain pass through Taygetus and the other bypasses the mountain via the Mani district to the south.


title: Laconia

text: The stalactite cave, Dirou, a major tourist attraction, is located south of Areopolis in the southwest of Laconia.


title: Laconia

text: Laconia has a Mediterranean climate with warm winters and hot summers. Snow is rare on the coast throughout the winter but is very common in the mountains.


title: Laconia

text: Evidence of Neolithic settlement in southern Laconia has been found during excavations of the Alepotrypa cave site. Significant archaeological recovery exists at the Vaphio-tomb site in Laconia. Found there is advanced Bronze Age art as well as evidence of cultural associations with the contemporaneous Minoan culture on Crete. At the end of the Mycenean period, the population of Laconia sharply declined. In classical Greece, Laconia was Spartan territory but from the 4th century BC onwards Sparta lost control of various ports, towns and areas. From the mid-2nd century BC until 395 AD, Laconia was a part of the Roman Empire.


title: Laconia

text: In the medieval period, Laconia formed part of the Byzantine Empire. Following the Fourth Crusade, it was gradually conquered by the Frankish Principality of Achaea. In the 1260s, however, the Byzantines recovered Mystras and other fortresses in the region and managed to evict the Franks from Laconia, which became the nucleus of a new Byzantine province. By the mid-14th century, this evolved into the Despotate of Morea, held by the last Greek ruling dynasty, the Palaiologoi. With the fall of the Despotate to the Ottomans in 1460, Laconia was conquered as well.


title: Laconia

text: With the exception of a 30-year interval of Venetian rule, Laconia remained under Ottoman control until the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence of 1821. Following independence, Sparta was selected as the capital of the modern prefecture, and its economy and agriculture expanded. With the incorporation of the British-ruled Ionian Islands into Greece in 1864, Elafonissos became part of the prefecture. After World War II and the Greek Civil War, its population began to somewhat decline, as people moved from the villages toward the larger cities of Greece and abroad.


title: Laconia

text: In 1992, a devastating fire ruined the finest olive crops in the northern part of the prefecture, and affected the area of Sellasia along with Oinountas and its surrounding areas. Firefighters, helicopters and planes battled for days to put out the horrific fire.


title: Laconia

text: The Mani portion along with Gytheio became famous in Greece for filming episodes of "Vendetta", broadcast on Mega Channel throughout Greece and abroad on Mega Cosmos.


title: Laconia

text: In early 2006, flooding ruined olive and citrus crops as well as properties and villages along the Eurotas river. In the summer 2006, a terrible fire devastated a part of the Mani Peninsula, ruining forests, crops, and numerous villages.


title: Laconia

text: The regional unit, Laconia, is subdivided into five municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):


title: Laconia

text: As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, regional unit Laconia was created out of the former prefecture Laconia (). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.


title: High 'n' Dry

text: High 'n' Dry is the second studio album by the English rock band Def Leppard, released on July 6, 1981. "High 'n' Dry" was Pete Willis' last full-time album with Def Leppard. It charted at No. 38 on the "Billboard" 200 and No. 26 on the UK Albums Chart. "High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)", ranked No. 33 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs. Following the success of "Pyromania", the album re-entered in the US chart and reached No. 72 in 1983.


title: High 'n' Dry

text: The intention of these remixes was to make the two songs sound more in the style of Def Leppard's 1983 album "Pyromania".


title: High 'n' Dry

text: Videos for both of the remixed songs were made, featuring Phil Collen (who was not in the band at the time of the album's recording). Both bonus tracks were omitted from the US mid-1990s re-releases of the album, although other countries' releases did include them, but returned when Def Leppard and Mercury came to terms in 2018 and the album was put on digital streaming and downloading platforms.


title: High 'n' Dry

text: Rating the album 4 out of 5, Steve Huey of AllMusic notes how Def Leppard "continues in the vein of the anthemic, working-class hard rock of their debut. While still opting for a controlled musical attack and melodies as big-sounding and stadium-ready as possible, the band opens up its arrangements a bit more on "High 'n' Dry", letting the songs breathe and groove while the rhythm section and guitar riffs play off one another."


title: High 'n' Dry

text: In a 3.5 out of 5 review, Sputnikmusic writes that "while "High 'n' Dry" cannot claim to be a resounding success as an individual album, it is indeed one from a progression standpoint. Def Leppard is clearly a more confident outfit here and with help from new producer “Mutt” Lange, they allow their compositions to include greater scope in order for the band to find their sound. While this does result in some misses, they are never too far off target and are more than made up for by the album’s highlights which have aged extremely well."


title: Pritzker Architecture Prize

text: The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international architecture award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture.” Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.


title: Pritzker Architecture Prize

text: The Pritzker Architecture Prize is said to be awarded "irrespective of nationality, race, creed, or ideology". The recipients receive US$100,000, a citation certificate, and, since 1987, a bronze medallion. The designs on the medal are inspired by the work of architect Louis Sullivan, while the Latin inspired inscription on the reverse of the medallion—"firmitas, utilitas, venustas" (English: firmness, commodity and delight)—is from Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius. Before 1987, a limited edition Henry Moore sculpture accompanied the monetary prize.


title: Pritzker Architecture Prize

text: The Executive Director of the prize, Manuela Lucá-Dazio, solicits nominations from a range of people, including past Laureates, academics, critics and others "with expertise and interest in the field of architecture". Any licensed architect can also make a personal application for the prize before November 1 every year. (In 1988 Gordon Bunshaft nominated himself for the award and eventually won it.) The jury, consisting of five to nine "experts ... recognized professionals in their own fields of architecture, business, education, publishing, and culture", deliberates and early in the following year announce the winner. The prize Chair is the 2016 Pritzker laureate Alejandro Aravena; earlier chairs were J. Carter Brown (1979–2002), the Lord Rothschild (2003–2004), the Lord Palumbo (2005–2015), Glenn Murcutt (2016–2018) and Stephen Breyer (2019-2020).


title: Pritzker Architecture Prize

text: Inaugural winner Philip Johnson was cited "for 50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theaters, libraries, houses, gardens and corporate structures". The 2004 laureate Zaha Hadid was the first female prize winner. Ryue Nishizawa became the youngest winner in 2010 at age 44. Partners in architecture (in 2001, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, in 2010, Kazuyo Sejima and Nishizawa, in 2020, Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara, and in 2021, Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal) have shared the award. In 1988, Gordon Bunshaft and Oscar Niemeyer were both separately honored with the award. The 2017 winners, architects Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, and Ramón Vilalta were the first group of three to share the prize.


title: Pritzker Architecture Prize

text: In 2013, the student organization "Women in Design" at the Harvard Graduate School of Design started a petition on behalf of Denise Scott Brown to receive joint recognition with her partner, past prize winner for 1991, Robert Venturi, furthering a debate about sexism in architecture. The petition, according to "The New York Times", "reignited long-simmering tensions in the architectural world over whether women have been consistently denied the standing they deserve in a field whose most prestigious award was not given to a woman until 2004, when Zaha Hadid won". Although the petition received international support of several past recipients, the jury said that it cannot revisit the work of past juries, in order to acknowledge the work of Brown and Lu Wenyu, both women and equal partners to their spouses Venturi and Wang Shu, who won in 1991 and 2012 respectively. Scott Brown told CNN that "as a woman, she had felt excluded by the elite of architecture throughout her career," and that "the Pritzker Prize was based on the fallacy that great architecture was the work of a 'single lone male genius' at the expense of collaborative work." The 2020 Pritzker jury said in its citation awarding the prize to Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara – making them the fourth and fifth women to ever be awarded the prize – that they were, "pioneers in a field that has traditionally been and still is a male-dominated profession [and] beacons to others as they forge their exemplary professional path."


title: Military beret

text: Troops began wearing berets as a part of the headgear of military uniforms in some European countries during the 19th century; since the mid-20th century, they have become a component of the uniforms of many armed forces throughout the world. Military berets are usually pushed to the right to free the shoulder that bears the rifle on most soldiers, but the armies of some countries, mostly within Europe, South America, and Asia, have influenced the push to the left.


title: Military beret

text: In many countries, berets have become associated with elite units, who often wear berets in specific colours. For instance, the maroon beret is mostly traditional headgear for airborne forces around the world, with a few exceptions—for example, the Russian Airborne Troops, who wear a sky-blue beret, and the Portuguese Paratroopers who wear a green beret.


title: Military beret

text: The use of beret-like headgear as a civilian headdress dates back hundreds of years, an early example being the Scottish Blue Bonnet, which became a "de facto" symbol of Scottish Jacobite forces in the 16th and 17th centuries. Berets themselves were first used as a military headdress in the 1830s during the First Carlist War in Spain, where they were said to have been imported from the South of France by Liberal forces, but were made famous by the opposing General Tomás de Zumalacárregui, who sported a white or red beret with a long tassel, which came to be an emblem of the Carlist cause.


title: Military beret

text: The French Chasseurs alpins, created in the early 1880s, were the first regular unit to wear the military beret as a standard headgear. These mountain troops were issued with a uniform which included several features which were innovative for the time, notably the large and floppy blue beret which they still retain. This was so unfamiliar a fashion outside France that it had to be described in the "Encyclopædia Britannica" of 1911 as "a soft cap or tam o'shanter".


title: Military beret

text: Berets have features that make them attractive to the military; they are cheap, easy to make in large numbers, can be manufactured in a wide range of colors encouraging "esprit de corps", can be rolled up and stuffed into a pocket or beneath the shirt epaulette without damage, and can be worn with headphones.


title: Military beret

text: The beret was found particularly practical as a uniform for armored vehicle crews; the British Royal Tank Regiment adopted a black beret which would not show oil stains and was officially approved in 1924. German "Panzertruppen" also adopted a black beret or "Schutzmütze" in 1934, which included a rubber skull cap as head protection inside.


title: Military beret

text: The wearing of berets of distinctive colors by elite special forces originated with the British Parachute Regiment, whose maroon beret was officially approved in July 1942, followed by the Commando Forces whose green beret was approved in October of that year. The United States Army Special Forces adopted a darker green beret in 1955, although it was not officially approved until 1961.


title: Military beret

text: Berets are worn by some units in the Argentine Armed Forces, with distinctive colors for some units or functions. The beret colours are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: The Armed Forces continue to wear Soviet-style (pieced fabric) berets, which are draped to the right in most circumstances. When appearing in public on parade, the berets are draped to the left side so that the insignia shows to observing dignitaries and the public.


title: Military beret

text: In all service branches, the beret is "bashed" to the right and a badge or insignia is worn above the left eye. In the army, all units can wear them with certain units wearing unique ones. In the navy, the beret is an optional item and in the air force, it is only worn by certain units.


title: Military beret

text: The Austrian coat of arms is worn on the left side of the beret (officers in gold, NCOs in silver, enlisted personnel as well as conscripts in dark grey). An exception are members of the special forces (): after successfully completing the Basic Special Forces Course (), they wear the Special Forces Badge () instead of the coat of arms on their berets.


title: Military beret

text: Initially, the only unit of the Belgian military to wear berets were the from the 1930s. Since World War II they have been adopted by all units. Berets vary in colour according to the regiment, and carry a badge (sometimes on a coloured shield-shaped patch) which is of gilt for officers, silver for non-commissioned officers and bronze for other ranks. Members of cavalry units all wear silver-coloured badges.


title: Military beret

text: Berets have been worn by Bulgarian military personnel since 1991. Berets vary in colour according to the military branch, and carry a crest pin (sometimes on a coloured background patch) resembling the unit's insignia.


title: Military beret

text: The colour of the beret is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission. The beret colours listed below are the current standard:


title: Military beret

text: Since May 5, 2000, the People's Liberation Army has adopted woolen berets for all its personnel, along with the traditional peaked caps.


title: Military beret

text: Colours of 07 berets are changed to the same colours with the service uniform. And several changes in designs were made from type 99 beret. The berets were not being issued until summer of 2009 to most of the troops.


title: Military beret

text: Other than colours of the berets, the most significant difference between type 99 and type 07 is the type 99 beret badge is cloth, while type 07 is plastic.


title: Military beret

text: Berets are worn by all personnel of the National Army of Colombia ("Ejército"), certain members of the Navy ("Armada") and National Police ("Policía Nacional"), with distinctive colors for some units or functions. The beret colors are:


title: Military beret

text: In the Croatian Army berets are used in special forces and guard brigades, as well as in cadet battalion.


title: Military beret

text: During Croatian War of Independence, Croatian Army consisted of seven professional brigades—guard brigades, each having its beret colour. During the army reforms number of guard brigades was cut to two, but the battalions kept the names and insignia (colour of beret also) of ex brigades.


title: Military beret

text: The Armed Forces of the Czech Republic use berets for both battledress and display uniform. The colour of the beret is defined by the branch of the armed forces. The beret displays the state coat of arms with two swords crossed underneath and the badge of rank of the individual.


title: Military beret

text: The Royal Danish Army first introduced the black berets for its armour personnel in 1958. In 1968 it was extended to the whole army, Homeguard and parts of the Navy and Airforce, replacing the standard issue Side cap.


title: Military beret

text: Berets are worn by all personnel of the Ecuadorian Army ("Ejército") and certain members of the Navy ("Armada") and Air Force ("Fuerza Aérea"), with distinctive colours for some units or functions. The beret colours are:


title: Military beret

text: All personnel in the Estonian Military used to wear Berets in the beginning on 90's. In 2013, berets were reinstated.


title: Military beret

text: The Finnish Defence Force uses berets with cap badges for the Army, Navy and the Air Force. The berets are worn in "clean" garrison duties such as roll calls and with the walking-out uniform, but not with the battle dress. Until the mid-1990s, the beret was reserved for troops with special status, such as the armoured troops, coastal jägers and the airborne jägers, but is nowadays used by all units. In winter, berets are replaced by winter headgear.


title: Military beret

text: Berets are also used by the Finnish Border Guard, which is a military organization under the aegis of the Ministry of Interior during peacetime.


title: Military beret

text: The military beret originated in the French Army, in the form of the wide and floppy headdress worn by the Chasseurs Alpins (mountain light infantry) from their foundation in the early 1880s.


title: Military beret

text: The practical uses of the beret were soon recognised and the Marine Infantry forming part of the Expeditionary Force sent in China in 1900 used berets as headwear A tight-fitting version was subsequently adopted by French armoured troops towards the end of World War I. Between the wars, special fortress units raised to garrison the Maginot Line wore khaki berets as did the 13th Demi-Brigade of Foreign Legion when it was created in 1940. The Vichy Milice of the War period wore a blue beret.


title: Military beret

text: The beret in blue, red or green was a distinction respectively of the Metropolitan, Colonial and Legion paratrooper units during the Indochina and Algerian wars. In 1962 the beret in either light khaki or the colours specified above became the standard French Army headdress for ordinary use.


title: Military beret

text: With the exception of the "Commandos Marine" and the "Fusiliers Marins", whose berets are worn pulled to the right, all other French military berets (army, air force and Gendarmerie) are pulled to the left with the badge worn over the right eye or temple. Also the military forces of the countries that have historical, colonial, or cooperative ties with France such as Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Lebanon, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sénégal, Togo, Tunisia or have been trained by the French military wear their beret pulled left.


title: Military beret

text: Gendarmerie personnel serving with the European Gendarmerie Force (EUROGENDFOR) an EU crisis response and intervention force wear the standard EUROGENDFOR royal blue beret and badge when so assigned.


title: Military beret

text: The German "Heer" uses berets with different badges for every branch of service. The "Luftwaffe" and the "Marine" issue dark blue berets only to their ground or land combat units (called "Luftwaffensicherungstruppe" and "Marineschutzkräfte") respectively. Berets are usually worn at special ceremonies and roll calls, although units with a special "esprit de corps", especially armoured and mechanized infantry ("Panzergrenadiere") battalions, wear their berets all the time. German berets are always pulled to the right, with the badge visible over the left temple.


title: Military beret

text: Military bands wear the beret colour of their respective division (e.g. black in the 1st Panzerdivision).


title: Military beret

text: History: the first beret-type cap (khaki colour, with black ribbon and "eagle" badge) was issued for Air Force enlisted personnel in 1930, but berets became popular in the 1970s, when reconnaissance troops (paratroopers) were issued with rifle green (or grass green) berets. Previously maroon beret was also experimented and even reversible (green to camo) "multi-purpose" berets were produced, but the standardization started on the 1975 military parade. In 1982 military secondary school students were issued with green berets too, while in 1987 River Force troopers received dark blue beret. After the collapse of the communism the beret as "mark of the elite trooper" received more and more popularity among soldiers. Light green (with border guard's badge) berets were issued for Border Guard reaction forces between 1990 and 2007. The berets of Hungarian forces were made first in "eastern-european style" (like worn by most Warsaw Pact armies), sewn together from 4 pieces. After 1993 "western style" one-piece berets were adopted.


title: Military beret

text: Except these, mission-type berets were/are used in international peacekeeping missions (UN blue, EBECS yellow, MFO brick red etc.) worn. Beside the official versions different unofficial beret types, colours and badges are worn, for example Dark Blue berets by Signal Corps cadets etc.


title: Military beret

text: The beret is the standard headgear for the Various forces of Indian Armed Forces. Berets are worn by officers and Other ranks, apart from Sikhs, who wear turbans. The beret colours worn by the Indian Army are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: The beret is the standard headgear of armed forces and police personnel in Indonesia. It is also worn by paramilitary and other uniformed services in the country such as the Fire Brigade, Search and Rescue, Scouts, civil militias (such as "Banser") and civil paramilitary organizations. In the Military Services (Army, Navy and Air Force), the berets are dragged to the right (the insignia are worn on the left side), while in the Indonesian National Police force and Military Police Corps, the berets are dragged to the left (the insignia are worn on the right side). Both having its own meaning, dragged to the right meaning "ready for combat and defense" and dragged to the left meaning "ready for law enforcement and order".


title: Military beret

text: Military and Police services according to their beret colours which represent different units within the force are as shown below:


title: Military beret

text: The beret color system used for the different branches of the Iraqi military and security forces changed after the fall of Saddam Hussein.


title: Military beret

text: All Army personnel wear a common capbadge, a sunburst insignia with the letters "FF" inscribed above the left eye of the beret. The Irish Defence Forces cap badge for Officers in the Army has a more subdued appearance.


title: Military beret

text: Israeli Defense Forces soldiers wear berets only on formal occasions, such as ceremonies and roll calls, and in disciplinary situations such as courts martial and imprisonments. While they are not attending formal occasions, they must place the beret beneath the left epaulette. The Border Police, which are a unit of the civil police rather than the military IDF, wear their berets at most times. The beret colors are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: Italian Army personnel used to wear a garrison cap alongside the combination cap, until the early 1970s when the garrison cap was replaced by the beret. Until the early 1980s the general Army colour for the beret was drab khaki, the black being reserved to armoured units. The colours presently used by the Italian Army are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: All members in the Ground Self-Defense Force are authorized to wear wool rifle green berets - referred to as the "ベレー帽" (ベレーボウ　or "bereebou") - as an optional head covering for dress, working and camouflage uniforms since 1992. However, it is normally considered a special dress item, worn for public relations events or parades. An embroidered goldwork cap badge representing the JGSDF logo identical to the one used on the service dress peaked cap is required by regulation to be affixed to the beret.


title: Military beret

text: All units, in the Lebanese Armed Forces wear berets when not in combat mode (Helmet), training camp (cap) or formal uniform (formal hat).


title: Military beret

text: The Lebanese Army, unlike most militaries, wears the beret slanted (pulled down) on the left side as the Army emblem is positioned to the right aligned with the right eyebrow.


title: Military beret

text: The beret is the headgear of ground forces, air aviations and special forces in the Malaysian Armed Forces. The colours presently used are:


title: Military beret

text: Armed Forces wide, the blue beret with the UN arms is used by peacekeeping forces beginning in 2015–16, when Mexico sent armed forces personnel to UN peacekeeping operations.


title: Military beret

text: In 2002, new army uniforms were introduced to the Mongolian armed forces and along with new uniform design, dark green berets were issued to all personnel. According to the rules, all military berets are pushed to the right and displays a "Soyombo" symbol in middle of golden oak leaves in the right side.


title: Military beret

text: Berets are worn by Mongolian Police since 1994. Police berets are different from the army beret in color and in shape, while it is pushed to the left while army berets are pushed to the right.


title: Military beret

text: The Moroccan military Uniform is inspired from the French Uniform, the berets are usually pulled to the left with the badge worn over the right eye or temple.


title: Military beret

text: When the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces acquired new modernised uniforms (designed by the Dutch couturier Frans Molenaar) in 2000, the berets changed as well. Since 2004, soldiers of the Royal Netherlands Army have worn a petrol (blue-green) beret, whereas previously they wore brown.


title: Military beret

text: Note: The only Dutch military unit that do not wear a beret are the "Gele Rijders" (Horse Artillery), who wear a blue garrison cap with yellow trimming.


title: Military beret

text: All regiments and services have their own distinctive colours. There are quite a lot, but the number of colours in the logistic services was reduced in 2001. This colour is shown in a patch of cloth behind the beret flash. The intendance (maroon), transport troops (blue), military administration (pink; hence the nickname 'Pink Mafia'), technical service (black), and medical troops and service (green) lost their colours and all now wear yellow patches. In 2010, the technical service and medical troops and services recovered their colors. The intendance and transport troops merched into one regiment with new colours (maroon with blue border) and the administration got the crimson color.


title: Military beret

text: The Norwegian armed forces use the beret as a garrison cap, but some units (mostly armored vehicle personnel) also use it in the field. The Norwegian beret and all other headwear except those of the Navy and His Majesty The King's Guard always have the current king's cipher as a badge in gold (most of the army) or silver (the air force); currently this is a numeral "5" inside an "H", for "Harald V". The navy has a crowned gold anchor for their enlisted personnel, a crowned gold anchor surrounded by a circle of rope for their petty officers, and a crowned golden anchor surrounded by leaved branches for officers. The colours used are:


title: Military beret

text: The special operations units of the Navy wear the same berets as the rest of the navy. However they have a coloured patch behind the cap badge, the colour of which determines the unit:


title: Military beret

text: The Royal Omani Armed Forces wears the beret as its standard headgear. Each color divisions are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: Berets were widely worn by many units in the Panama Defense Forces (PDF) under Manuel Noriega. The PDF was abolished in February 1990, and with it all of the old military units stood down. Unique beret insignia were never approved, so units authorized to wear berets wore a combination of the approved shoulder insignia, as well as rank and qualification insignia (e.g. parachutist wings) on the berets. The following were being worn at the time of the 1989 invasion:


title: Military beret

text: Black berets were introduced before World War II for tank and armoured car crews. During World War II, berets were widely adopted in the Polish Army on the Western Front, armored troops - black, airborne - grey, commando - green. After the war in the communist era, berets were worn only by armoured units (black), navy for field and work uniform (black), paratroopers (maroon), and marines (light blue). After 1990, the beret became the standard headgear in the Armed Forces of Republic of Poland. Around the year 2000 the design of the Polish Army Beret changed, the beret sewn together from three pieces of material with four air holes, two at each side was changed to a smaller beret molded from one piece of material with no air holes.


title: Military beret

text: The black beret is also the distinctive headgear of World War II veterans, particularly Armia Krajowa veterans.


title: Military beret

text: The dress code of the Polish armed forces states than when not worn on the head or kept in a locker the beret should be placed under the left shoulder loop. This practice was discontinued due to introducing new field uniform (wz. 2010) with rank insignia placed on chest.


title: Military beret

text: The beret was first introduced in the Portuguese Armed Forces in 1956, when the Air Force Paratroopers adopted the green beret. The Portuguese Army adopted the brown beret for its "Caçadores Especiais" special forces in 1960, generalizing its wear to all units in 1962.


title: Military beret

text: The following colors of berets were or are still worn by the Portuguese Military and Paramilitary forces:


title: Military beret

text: Zimbabwe-Rhodesia made changes to the army in 1979 and shortly after Zimbabwe disbanded all the regiments Rhodesian Security Forces in favour of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces in 1979–1981.


title: Military beret

text: Up to this point the Security Forces wore the beret as the primary working dress and service dress headgear. Like most countries formerly associated with the British Empire, Berets were coloured according to unit or service branch, with a distinctive regimental cap badge pinned above the left eye. The Rhodesian Security Forces were integrated into the new Zimbabwe Defence Forces in 1980.


title: Military beret

text: Rhodesia introduced the brown beret as a new colour for specialist berets, for use of the Selous Scouts, which has since been used for specialist units in the Finnish and Brazilian forces, and with the New Zealand SAS


title: Military beret

text: Like the United Kingdom, Rhodesia also used flashes and hackles behind cap badges on their berets, such as:


title: Military beret

text: The Soviet Union's beret color scheme detailed below (e.g. for airborne troops and naval infantry) remained in effect in post-1991 Russia. In the late 1990s the Russian Ministry of Extreme Situations introduced orange berets for its own troops.


title: Military beret

text: In the Soviet Union berets were sewn together from three pieces of material with four air holes, two at each side, worn with the service badge centered between the eyes and draped to the right in most circumstances. When appearing in public on parade, the berets were draped to the left side so that the insignia shows to observing dignitaries and the public.


title: Military beret

text: In 2011 the Russian defence ministry authorised the wearing of berets by all non-naval military personnel as part of their field uniforms.


title: Military beret

text: The Singapore Armed Forces and Singapore Police Force have adopted the beret as their standard headdress. The different color divisions are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: The berets are all adorned with the Singapore Armed Forces coat of arms, with the exception of the Air Force beret, Military Police beret, navy beret and police beret which are adorned with their respective cap-badge. Officers in the navy have a different cap-badge from the ratings. Officers of the rank of colonel and above have a different cap-badge.


title: Military beret

text: All berets have the National Cadet Corps, National Police Cadet Corps or National Civil Defence Cadet Corps crest on the front.


title: Military beret

text: The Somali Armed Forces has the beret has the standard headgear since its inception in 1960. Each function within the security forces of Somalia has a unique colour.


title: Military beret

text: The South African National Defence Force wears the beret as its standard headgear. The different color divisions are as follows:


title: Military beret

text: The berets are all adorned with the unit's insignia. Some of the traditional units wear other headgear - for example, the Cape Town Highlanders Regiment and the band of the South African Military Health Service.


title: Military beret

text: Outside of Army, the South African Military Health Service wear light maroon berets. The South African Special Forces Brigade which is a separate entity, not part of the army, also wear the Maroon beret which is traditional for parachute units in the western world.


title: Military beret

text: Berets are worn by members of the Republic of Korea Army and some elite units of the South Korean Military, including:


title: Military beret

text: Other than these units, several secret commando units (mostly disbanded in the mid-1990s, among them the "Unit 684" which became infamous for its mutiny) formed to infiltrate North Korea during the Cold War days wore black berets and adorned them with the badges of individual units. Korean liaison soldiers serving in the U.S. Eighth Army (KATUSA) have also been wearing black berets along with American uniforms since that beret became a standard headgear of the U.S. Army in 2001.