title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II" was a commercial hit, with global sales above 3 million units by 2001; roughly two-thirds were sold in the United States. The game strongly influenced the company's next successful RTS, the futuristic "StarCraft" (1998) in gameplay, and in attention to personality and storyline. In 1996, Blizzard announced "", an adventure game in the "Warcraft" universe, but canceled the project in 1998. "", released in 2002, used parts of "Warcraft Adventures"' characters and storyline, but extended the gameplay used in "Warcraft II".


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II" is a real-time strategy game. In "Warcraft II" one side represents the human inhabitants of Lordaeron and allied races, and the other controls the invading orcs and their allied races. Each side tries to destroy the other by collecting resources and creating an army. The game is played in a medieval setting with fantasy elements, where both sides have melee, ranged, naval and aerial units, and spellcasters.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II" allows players to play AI opponents in separate Human and Orc campaigns, and in stand-alone scenarios. Most of the campaign missions follow the pattern "collect resources, build buildings and units, destroy opponents". However, some have other objectives, such as rescuing troops or forts, or escorting important characters through enemy territory.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: The game's map editor allows players to develop scenarios for use in multiplayer contests and against AI opponents. The editor runs under the Mac and also under either Windows 95 or, if the WinG library was installed, under Windows 3.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: The scenarios can be played against the AI or in multiplayer games with up to eight players participating. The DOS version initially provided multiplayer games by null modem cable, modem or IPX, and Mac players could also play via TCP/IP or AppleTalk. Blizzard quickly released a facility to connect with Kali, which allows programs to access the Web by means of IPX.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II" requires players to collect resources, and to produce buildings and units in order to defeat an opponent in combat. The Human Town Hall and Orc Great Hall produce basic workers that dig gold from mines and chop wood from forests and then deliver them to their Halls. Both buildings can be upgraded twice, each increasing usable resources per load from the workers. Players can also construct Shipyards, which can produce both combat ships and Oil Tankers. Tankers build construction offshore Oil Platforms and then deliver the oil to buildings on the shoreline. As all three resources are non-renewable, players must use them efficiently; forests can also serve as defensive walls.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Workers can also construct Farms, each of which provides food for up to four units, and additional units cannot be produced until enough Farms are built. Farms, being very tough for their cost, are also employed as defensive walls.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Humans and Orcs have sets of buildings with similar functions, but different names and graphics, for producing ground, naval, and air units. All but basic combat units require the assistance of other buildings, or must be produced at buildings that have prerequisite buildings, or both. Many buildings can upgrade combat units. When advanced units appear, the Orcs have a strong advantage in ground combat, while the Humans have the more powerful fleet and spellcasters. The most advanced ground combatants on each side can be upgraded and taught some spells, which are different for the two sides. Some campaign missions feature hero units, which are more powerful than normal units of the same type, have unique pictures and names, and must not die, as that causes the failure of the mission.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Initially most of the main map and minimap are blacked out, but the visible area expands as the player's units explore the map. The fog of war completely hides all territory which the player has not explored, and shows only terrain but hides opponents units and buildings if none of the player's units are present.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: All functions can be invoked by both the mouse and shortcut keys, including game setup, the menu options and some gameplay functions including scrolling and pausing the game. Units and buildings can be selected by clicking or bandboxing (i.e. using the mouse to draw a box around the units to be selected), and then their actions can be controlled by the mouse or keys.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: The First War brought the Fall of Azeroth, following the Orc campaign in "". The survivors of Azeroth have fled by sea to the Human kingdom of Lordaeron, and the Orcs have decided to conquer Lordaeron, in what is known as the Second War. Both sides have acquired allies and new capabilities, including naval and air units, and more powerful spellcasters.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: In the Second War, the Orcs are successful at first, but the Humans and their allies take the initiative, partly thanks to an Orc rebellion initiated by the warlock Gul'dan, who seeks to raise the sunken Tomb of Sargeras. Eventually, the Alliance forces push the Horde to Blackrock Spire, but Anduin Lothar, commander of the Alliance, is slain there. At the final battle around the Dark Portal in Azeroth, the Alliance exterminates one Orc clan and captures the Orc supreme commander and the remnants of his forces. Hoping to avoid further invasions, the Alliance destroys the Dark Portal.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: After seeing the excellent response of "", released in November 1994, Blizzard Entertainment started working on "Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness". Development began in February 1995 and the game was released in December for MS-DOS and in August 1996 for the Macintosh. Blizzard later explained that the small budgets of the time allowed short development times. The response of "Warcraft: Orcs & Humans" also allowed Blizzard to recruit additional top-class developers. The company's initial design combined modern and fantasy elements, such as fighter pilots ambushed by a fire-breathing dragon. However, they found that this was unsatisfactory, and that there was plenty of content for a fantasy RTS. The initial release of "Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness" ran over a local area network using IPX but not over the Internet communications protocol TCP/IP. Kali, which used the Internet as if it was a local area network, became very popular and Blizzard quickly provided to players a program that made it easy to set up multiplayer " Warcraft II" games using Kali.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: In 1996 Blizzard published "", an expansion pack initially contracted out to Cyberlore Studios. This contract was cancelled as Blizzard, unhappy after a milestone check-in, moved development in-house. The expansion introduced new Human and Orc campaigns, featuring new and much more powerful heroes. Later that year the company released "Warcraft II: Battle Chest", a compilation of "Tides of Darkness" and "Beyond the Dark Portal", for DOS and Windows 3.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Several non-canon expansion packs were released, these expansion packs are not a part of the human and orc campaign story. In 1996 WizardWorks published "W!Zone", an expansion pack developed by Sunstorm Interactive, Inc. and authorized by Blizzard Entertainment. It was followed by "W!Zone II: Retribution", an expansion pack published by WizardWorks and authorized by Blizzard Entertainment. In 1997 Maverick Software published "The Next 70 Levels" an expansion pack developed by Maverick Software and authorized by Blizzard Entertainment. It was followed by "The Next 350 Levels", an expansion pack published by Maverick Software and authorized by Blizzard Entertainment


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Blizzard sold exclusive worldwide rights to develop, publish, and distribute console versions of the game to Electronic Arts. In 1997 Electronic Arts released "Warcraft II: The Dark Saga" for the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn, which combined the campaigns of "Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness" and "Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal". "The Dark Saga" also allowed players to automate upgrade of buildings and production of units, and to select more troops at once, facilities that were not extended to the DOS and Mac versions. Early betas of "The Dark Saga" included a working two-player mode which utilized the consoles' respective link cable peripherals, but Electronic Arts eliminated this feature before the final release.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: In 1999 Blizzard published the "Warcraft II: Battle.net Edition" for Windows and Mac, which combined the original game and the expansion pack, retained the Macintosh facilities and replaced the DOS version with a Windows version that included Blizzard's online service, Battle.net, for multiplayer games. After considering new content, Blizzard preferred to make it easy for new and older fans to play each other. "Battle.net Edition" included some user interface enhancements from "StarCraft" – a hot key to center on events, assigning numbers to groups of units, and double-clicking to select all units of a type. However they excluded production queues and waypoints.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II" debuted at #2 on PC Data's monthly computer game sales chart for December 1995, behind "Myst". It held the spot in January 1996, but dropped to #3 in its third month. The game stayed in PC Data's top 3 from April through October, securing first place in April, August and September. After falling to #5 in November, it exited the top 10 the following month. "Warcraft II" achieved worldwide sales of 500,000 units within three months of release, and of over 1.2 million by November. This made it the world's most commercially successful computer game of the year as of November, according to PC Data. In the United States, it was the second-best-selling computer game of 1996, again behind "Myst". The game sold 835,680 copies and earned $34.5 million in the region for the year. To capitalize on this success, Blizzard released the "Warcraft Battlechest" on November 11, which bundled "Warcraft: Orcs & Humans" with "Warcraft II" and the "Beyond the Dark Portal" add-on.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II" claimed position 13 in PC Data's monthly sales rankings for January 1997, while the "Warcraft Battlechest" SKU took sixth place. The original game exited the top 20 after a 16th-place finish in February. However, the "Battlechest" consistently continued to chart through May, peaking at ninth in February. After an absence in June, it returned to the top 10 for two months, before falling to #16 in September and exiting PC Data's top 20 in October. The "Warcraft Battlechest" was the United States' 17th-highest computer game seller of the year, with sales of 262,911 units.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: By April 1998, "Warcraft II"s basic SKU had sold 1.02 million units and earned $39.8 million in revenue in the United States. This led PC Data to declare it the country's sixth-best-selling computer game for the period between January 1993 and April 1998. "Warcraft II" as a whole reached 2 million global sales by July 1998, and passed 2.5 million by year's end. By September 1999, it had sold 1,250,675 units in the United States alone, which led PC Data to declare it the country's sixth-best-selling computer game since January 1993. Sales continued the following month, when the "Warcraft II Battle.net Edition" SKU finished 20th for October in the country. As of 2001, worldwide sales of "Warcraft II" had surpassed 3 million units, with two-thirds derived from the United States.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness" earned enthusiastic reviews, elevating Blizzard to the elite along with Westwood Studios, id Software and LucasArts. The rivalry between Blizzard's series and Westwood Studios' "Command & Conquer" series fueled the RTS boom of the late 1990s.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: In 1996 "GameSpot", "Next Generation", and "Computer Games Magazine" regarded the AI as better than in "", and "Computer Games Magazine" also said that "Warcraft II" "surpasses the original game in almost every way". "GameSpot" approved how the innovative fog of war forced players to scout continuously, and IGN's retroview agreed. "Next Generation" said that the new units and resources open up a multitude of strategic possibilities, but that the game's greatest improvement over the original "Warcraft" is its intuitive new control system which allows players to select multiple units at once and access command menus by right-clicking. "The Adrenaline Vault" noted that players must manage their resources, as all resources run out. "GameSpot"s retrospective review was enthusiastic about the variety of strategies that players with different styles can use, and The Adrenaline Vault noted that maps set in winter often allow ground units to walk on the ice. "Macworld"s Michael Gowen wrote, "This game set the standard for the genre and still represents one of the best titles available. If you haven't played it, you have missed something."


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Andy Butcher reviewed "Warcraft 2: Tides of Darkness" for "Arcane" magazine, commenting that ""Warcraft 2" is a great game. Despite its limitations, it's challenging, fun, easy to get into, and very addictive. The ability to play either side means that there are a vast number of missions on offer, and a level designer gives yet more longevity."


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "PC Gamer US" named "Warcraft II" the best game of 1995. The editors called it an "easy" choice, and wrote that ""Warcraft II" stand[s] out — way out — as the most impressive, most entertaining, game of 1995". The magazine also presented "Warcraft II" with the award for 1995's "Best Multi-Player Game". The editors of "Macworld" gave the game their 1996 "Best Strategy Game" award. It also won "Computer Game Review"s 1995 "Military Sim of the Year" award, tied with "Steel Panthers". The same year, "Next Generation" listed it as number 10 on their "Top 100 Games of All Time", explaining that "The strategy is complex, the classy SVGA graphics keep the player in touch with everything that's going on, and "WarCraft II" features the best use of sampled speech we've ever experienced." "Warcraft II" was a runner-up for "Computer Gaming World"s 1995 "Strategy Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to "Command & Conquer" and "Heroes of Might and Magic" (tie). The editors wrote that "Warcraft II" "will keep you glued to the computer for hours on end", and noted that it "could have won had the competition not been so strong." "MacUser" declared "Warcraft II" one of 1996's top 50 CD-ROMs. In 1996, "Computer Gaming World" declared "Warcraft II" the 28th-best computer game ever released. In 1996, GamesMaster ranked the game 38th on their "Top 100 Games of All Time."


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: The IGN review considered "WarCraft II" in general a well-balanced game, but "GameSpot"s retrospective review regarded Ogre-Mages with the Bloodlust spell as too powerful. IGN found that searching for the survivors of a defeated opponent could be tedious, and that the first few missions were very easy, although the final ones were challenging.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: In 1996 "GameSpot", "Computer Games Magazine" and "Entertainment Weekly" praised the SVGA graphics. The retrospective reviews by IGN and "GameSpot" enjoyed smaller details, such as the increasingly humorous responses when a player's units were repeatedly clicked, the "critters" that wandered around, and the detonating of Sappers/Bombers. "WarCraft II" won most of the major PC gaming awards in 1996, and sold millions of copies. Players were still playing in 2002, on DOS or using the Battle.net edition.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: In 1998, "PC Gamer" declared it the 9th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "a sequel that isn't just more of the same; it's bigger and better in every way".


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Retrospective reviews by IGN and "GameSpot" emphasized the ability to join multiplayer games on local networks or using Kali, and the simple but effective map editor, with which some users published maps on the Web. Another "GameSpot" review in 1996 commented that the campaigns are rather short, but the scenario builder and multiplayer options were ample compensation.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "GameSpot" described the ports of the consoles Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn, combining "Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness" and "Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal", as practically identical to the PC version. "Electronic Gaming Monthly" and "GamePro", however, asserted that the graphics are significantly downgraded, and the interface, though somewhat simplified with the additions of auto-upgrading, auto-building, and the ability to select more than nine units at once, is still more cumbersome and difficult to learn than the PC version's. "Absolute PlayStation", in contrast, regarded the graphics as impressive and the console buttons as easy to use.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "Absolute PlayStation", "Sega Saturn Magazine", "Electronic Gaming Monthly", and "GamePro" commented that the console versions have no multiplayer capability, but were impressed with the number of campaign and skirmish maps. Most reviews of the Saturn version criticized the lack of support for the Sega NetLink peripheral, which could have enabled online multiplayer. The two "GameSpot" reviews noted that, while most campaign missions follow the "resource, build, destroy" pattern, some have other objectives.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: Most reviews for the PlayStation and Saturn versions suggested that players with PCs should not buy the console versions, but recommended the game to those who use only consoles. "Electronic Gaming Monthly" gave the Saturn version their "Game of the Month" award and later named both console versions a runner-up for "Strategy Game of the Year". "Absolute PlayStation" omitted comparisons with the PC and praised the console versions. "Sega Saturn Magazine" called it "a highly enjoyable and compelling strategy warfare game" and praised the Saturn version as superior to the PC original.


title: Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness

text: "GameSpot" thought the AI was predictable but very efficient and the multiplayer facilities, while four years old, made it more enjoyable than at least half the new RTS games released in 1999. The was already reliable after being refined through experience on Diablo and "StarCraft", and the fact that it was free would be attractive both to new users and those of earlier editions. While the production values were those of 1995, the cartoonish graphics and excellent sound effects and musical score were still enjoyable in 1999.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Fabio Quagliarella (; born 31 January 1983) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Sampdoria, whom he captains.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Throughout his career, Quagliarella has played for eight different Italian clubs, winning three consecutive Serie A titles from the 2011–2012 to 2013–14 season with Juventus. With the Turin-based club he also won two Supercoppa Italiana titles in 2012 and 2013, as well as winning the 2002–03 Serie C2 with Fiorentina. In the Serie A Quagliarella also represented Torino, Ascoli, Udinese and Napoli.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: At international level, Quagliarella represented Italy from under-18 to under-21 youth levels before his debut for the senior national team in 2007. He was part of the team's UEFA Euro 2008, 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, and 2010 FIFA World Cup squads.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Individually, Quagliarella was awarded the Serie A Goal of the Year in 2009, achieved during his time at Udinese; in 2017 and 2018 respectively, he obtained the Premio Gentleman Fairplay and the Scirea Career Award while playing for Sampdoria, which pertain to both personality and playing ability. During the 2018–19 season he scored in eleven consecutive games, a record previously achieved in the league only by Gabriel Batistuta; he finished the campaign with 26 goals in Serie A, which saw him capture the Capocannoniere title as the league's top scorer, also being named the league's best forward.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella grew up in the youth ranks of Gragnano, then Torino, where he made his debut in Serie A on 14 May 2000, in a 2–1 victory over Piacenza.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: In 2002, given his limited playing opportunities, Quagliarella was sent on loan to Fiorentina, at that time in Serie C2. In Florence, he scored just one goal in 12 games. In January, head coach Alberto Cavasin decided to cease the loan, whereupon Torino then sent him on loan to Chieti in Serie C1. He also remained in Abruzzo the following season, and scored 17 goals in 32 games during the 2003–04 Serie C1 season. His time in Chieti ended with a total of 19 goals in 43 games; at the end of the season he returned to Torino, in view of the 2004–05 season in Serie B.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: At Torino, Quagliarella was an occasional starter, and with seven goals in 34 games, contributed to the club's promotion to Serie A. However, as a result of the bankruptcy of Torino Calcio, in August 2005, he was released on a free transfer and accepted a contract with Ascoli. With Ascoli, he was ensured a starting spot in the lineup during the 2005–06 season, scoring his first goal in Serie A on 21 December 2005, a 1–0 home win over Treviso.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella signed with Udinese in the summer of 2005. However, Udinese immediately sold half of his registration rights to newly promoted Ascoli as part of a co-ownership deal. He stayed at Ascoli for just one season, scoring just three times in 33 appearances, and his rights were bought back in full by Udinese in June 2006 for an undisclosed fee.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 7 July 2006, he was sold in co-ownership to Sampdoria, in exchange for the transfer of Salvatore Foti. During the 2006–07 season with the "Blucerchiati", Quagliarella scored 13 goals in league play and earned attention worldwide due to the spectacular nature of many of his goals. His breakout season at Sampdoria led to a call-up to the Italian national team and numerous rumors of a high-profile transfer abroad.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Following his breakout 2006–07 season, both Udinese and Sampdoria were unable to comes to terms on his co-ownership deal and went to a blind auction on 21 June 2007. In the auction, Sampdoria bid €6.5 million, but were outbid by Udinese, who paid €7.15 million. At Udinese, he started the 2007–08 season slowly, scoring just once in the season's first 11 games. However, he soon found his footing at the club, forming a dangerous strike partnership with Antonio Di Natale and scoring a total of 12 goals in the 2007–08 season. This led to Quagliarella securing a place in the Italian squad for the UEFA Euro 2008 competition. Fabio continued his goal scoring at Udinese in the 2008–09 season, reaching 21 goals in all competitions, including eight goals in the UEFA Cup, where Udinese reached the quarter-finals.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 1 June 2009, Quagliarella moved to his hometown club Napoli for a transfer fee of €18 million, where he signed a 5-year deal. At Napoli, he was partnered with Ezequiel Lavezzi and attacking midfielder Marek Hamšík, and managed to score 11 goals in Serie A to help Napoli qualify for the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League with a sixth-place finish in the league. He played his last match for Napoli in the Europa League, in a 1–0 win over IF Elfsborg. He was an unused bench in the second leg, which Walter Mazzarri used new signing Edinson Cavani partnered with Lavezzi, who the former scored a brace to help the team qualify.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 27 August 2010, Quagliarella signed for Juventus on loan for a fee of €4.5 million, with the "Bianconeri" having the option to sign him permanently for €10.5 million. Before the winter break, he was the team's top scorer with nine league goals in 17 appearances. However, he injured his right anterior cruciate ligament on 6 January 2011, in the first match after the winter break, losing to Parma 1–4. He would miss the rest of season.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 22 June 2011, his contract was redeemed by Juventus for €10.5 million. Quagliarella signed a three-year contract extension to stay with Juventus until 2014. On 1 April 2012, he scored his third goal of the season against former club Napoli and refused to celebrate due to his Neapolitan roots. On 30 April 2012, Quagliarella signed a 12-month extension that would keep him tied to the club until the summer of 2015.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 22 September 2012, Quagliarella scored his first brace of the 2012–13 season against Chievo. On 10 November 2012, Quagliarella scored his first hat-trick of the season against Pescara in a match Juventus won 6–1. In the Champions League, he scored his first goal in the competition in the club's opening 2–2 away draw against defending champions Chelsea.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella opened the scoring in the March 2013 Derby d'Italia game against Internazionale with a curled shot from , and made the pass for Alessandro Matri's winner.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 17 July 2014, Torino purchased Quagliarella outright for €3.5 million, payable over three years. This signalled his return to Torino after nine years, signing a three-year contract. Upon his return, Quagliarella scored the 3–0 goal on 7 August 2014 from a penalty kick in the third round of the 2014–15 Europa League against Brommapojkarna.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: In his first Serie A match back at the club, he won a penalty after being fouled by Inter's Nemanja Vidić, but Marcelo Larrondo missed it and the game finished goalless. The following round, Quagliarella scored his first goal in Serie A for Torino against Cagliari on 24 September 2014 to secure a 2–1 win. He then scored his first goal in Europe with Torino on 2 October 2014 against Copenhagen, with a penalty in the 93rd minute to secure a 1–0 win for the "Granata". On 1 February 2015, he scored his first hat-trick for Torino in Serie A against Sampdoria, ending 5–1. On 26 April 2015, he scored the decisive goal against Juventus, 2–1, which handed a victory to Torino in the Turin derby after exactly 20 years.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: After a series of controversies with Torino's fans, resulting from Quagliarella's failure to celebrate after a goal scored against his former club Napoli, on 1 February 2016 he was loaned to Sampdoria with an obligation to buy. He scored his first goal upon his return on 20 February against Inter Milan in the 92nd minute, in a 3–1 away loss.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 20 November, Quagliarella scored his 100th Serie A goal in the 84th minute of his 343rd league appearance, and subsequently set up a goal for teammate Luis Muriel, as Sampdoria came from behind to defeat Sassuolo 3–2 at home.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 13 January 2017, he signed a new contract with Sampdoria that would keep him with the club until June 2019.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 21 January 2018, Quagliarella scored a hat-trick in a 3–1 home win over Fiorentina, but was later substituted in the 75th minute after picking up a knock; his hat-trick saw him set a new personal career seasonal best in Serie A, with 15 goals.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: He finished the 2017–18 Serie A championship with 19 goals in 35 appearances, among the best scorers of the championship.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: During the 2018–19 Serie A season, on 2 September 2018, Quagliarella scored the final goal of a 3–0 home win against Napoli, with what was described by the "BBC" as a "sensational" backheel volley. He later cited the goal as the best of his career. During the same match, he had previously also set up Gregoire Defrel's second goal. The aforementioned goal was later nominated for 2019 FIFA Puskás Award on 19 August 2019.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 26 January 2019, Quagliarella scored two goals from penalties – his 13th and 14th league goals in the past 11 games – in a 4–0 home win over his former club Udinese, also setting up Manolo Gabbiadini's final goal; as a result, he equalled Gabriel Batistuta's all-time record of scoring in 11 consecutive Serie A matches in a single season, which the Argentine had set in 1994, with Fiorentina, during the 1994–95 season. With his 143rd Serie A goal, Quagliarella also overtook Christian Vieri in 28th place in the Serie A all-time goalscoring charts. By the end of the season, Quagliarella scored 26 Serie A goals for Sampdoria, achieving the Capocannoniere title. Quagliarella was named as the Serie A Best Forward and to the Serie A Team of the Year. Quagliarella was also ranked 94th in "The Guardian"s list of "The 100 best footballers in the world" in 2019.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 22 May 2021, the final match of the 2020–21 Serie A season, Quagliarella made his 500th appearance in Serie A against Parma, scoring the opening goal in an eventual 3–0 home win.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: With his 180th Serie A goal, Quagliarella also overtook Giampiero Boniperti in 13th place in the Serie A all-time goalscoring charts.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella played for the Italian youth sides, known as the "Azzurrini", from the 2000–01 season up until the 2004–05 season. He made his debut for the Italy U17 team (equivalent to the current Italy U18 side) on 5 September 2000 against Slovakia. The following season, he was a member of the Italy U19 team during their 2002 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualifying campaign.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Following his impressive performances with Sampdoria in the 2006–07 season, Quagliarella was called up to the Italian senior squad, known as the "Azzurri", for a friendly against Romania in February 2007. However, his senior international debut was delayed, as the match was cancelled as a result of fan riots in Serie A that weekend.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella finally made his senior debut for Italy on 28 March 2007, in a Euro 2008 qualifier against Scotland in Bari, coming on as a substitute for Luca Toni in the final minutes of the 2–0 win. In Kaunas on 6 June 2007, he made his first start for Italy in a vital Euro 2008 qualifier against Lithuania, also scoring his first two goals for the national side in the eventual 2–0 win. On 6 February 2008, he scored his third goal for Italy, and his nation's third goal of the match, in their 3–1 triumph over Portugal in an international friendly in Zurich; this was also the 1200th goal scored by the Italian national side. Quagliarella was subsequently included in the Italian UEFA Euro 2008 squad by manager Roberto Donadoni; he made his only appearance of the tournament in Italy's second group match, a 1–1 draw against Romania, coming on as a second-half substitute for Alessandro Del Piero. Italy then bowed out of the tournament on penalties to eventual champions Spain in the quarter-finals.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella was subsequently called up to Italy's 23-man squad for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa under returning manager Marcello Lippi; his only appearance throughout the tournament came in Italy's second group match, a 1–0 defeat to Egypt. Italy were disappointingly eliminated from the tournament in the group stage following a 3–0 defeat to eventual champions Brazil in their final group match.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella was also included in the final 23-man Italian 2010 FIFA World Cup squad by coach Marcello Lippi; on 5 June 2010, he scored a header in a 1–1 away draw against Switzerland in Italy's final friendly before the tournament. In Italy's final match of Group F at the 2010 World Cup against Slovakia, Quagliarella came on at the beginning of the second half for Gennaro Gattuso, with Italy trailing 1–0, and in the space of 45 minutes, he contributed to teammate Antonio Di Natale's goal, who scored from a rebound, and subsequently executed a beautiful 25-yard chip in injury time to bring the score to 3–2; furthermore, throughout the match, he also had a volley cleared off the line by Slovak defender Martin Škrtel, and had an equalising goal controversially ruled offside, although he was ultimately unable to prevent the Italians from losing 3–2, resulting in one of Italy's most shocking World Cup eliminations. The match was his 21st cap for Italy, while his goal was his seventh overall. Although the Italian team was widely criticised in the media, Quagliarella was praised for his performance.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Under Italy's new manager Cesare Prandelli, Quagliarella scored Italy's fourth goal in a 5–0 home win in a Euro 2012 qualifying match against the Faroe Islands on 7 September 2010. He later also appeared in a friendly against Romania held in Klagenfurt on 17 November, scoring the equalising goal in the 1–1 draw; although some sources cite Italy's goal as an own goal, the Italian Football Federation recognises the goal as Quagliarella's.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 2 September 2014, Quagliarella was recalled to the national team for a friendly match against the Netherlands and UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying matches against Azerbaijan and Norway under new Italy manager Antonio Conte, although he did not appear during the matches.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 3 October 2015, Quagliarella earned another call-up, once again for Italy's Euro 2016 qualifying matches against Azerbaijan and Norway; once again, he did not appear during the matches.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: On 15 March 2019, he received a call up from Roberto Mancini for UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying matches against Finland and Liechtenstein. On 23 March 2019, Quagliarella came off the bench in the 80th minute for Italy, in a 2–0 home win over Finland; this was 3,048 days since his last appearance, which had come in November 2010. On 26 March, Quagliarella was handed his first international start since 5 June 2010, and his first competitive start since 14 October 2009 (a 3–2 home victory over Cyprus in a 2010 World Cup qualifier, which was also held at the Stadio Ennio Tardini in Parma), scoring twice from the penalty spot in a 6–0 home win over Liechtenstein to become Italy's all-time oldest goalscorer, at the age of 36 years and 54 days; he also set-up Moise Kean's goal during the match.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: An opportunistic yet hard-working forward, with an eye for goal, good off-the-ball movement, and a strong positional sense, Quagliarella is primarily known for his accurate and powerful striking ability from distance, as well as his ability in the air – both with his head and acrobatically –, and his penchant for scoring spectacular goals from volleys and shots anywhere outside the area. Usually a striker, he is a versatile forward, capable of playing anywhere along the front line, and has also been deployed as a winger, as a second striker, and even as an attacking midfielder, due to his technical skills and ability to create space and provide assists for teammates, in addition to scoring goals himself. He is also an accurate penalty taker.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Although not a renowned sprinter, Quagliarella had his running speed clocked at 35.07 km/h in August 2021 at the age of 38, which made him one of the fastest players in the Serie A.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: Quagliarella wears the number 27 in honour of Niccolò Galli, a childhood friend and youth academy teammate of his who used to wear this number; Galli died in a road accident in 2001, at the age of 17.


title: Fabio Quagliarella

text: In February 2017, Quagliarella revealed in an interview with "Mediaset" that during his time at Napoli he and his family were threatened by a stalker over a period of five years, which eventually led to his departure from the club.


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh (born Cheyur Krishnarao Nageshwaran; (27 September 1933 – 31 January 2009) was an Indian actor, mostly remembered for his roles as a comedian in Tamil films during the 1960s. Nagesh was born in Dharapuram. He acted in over 1,000 films from 1958 to 2008, performing in a variety of roles as comedian, lead roles, supporting actor and antagonist. He has also acted in Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and Kannada films. Nagesh's style of comedy was largely inspired by Hollywood actor Jerry Lewis. Similarities between Nagesh and Lewis earned Nagesh the sobriquet the "Jerry Lewis of India". He was also nicknamed as the King of Comedy due to his impeccable comedy timing and body language. He featured regularly in the film projects of M. G. Ramachandran and Sivaji Ganesan even at a time when there was a massive rift between the two leading actors in Tamil cinema at that time.


title: Nagesh

text: He has a unique distinction of sharing screen space with lead actors belonging to three generations of Tamil film industry starring with MGR and Sivaji Ganesan in 1960s; Kamal Haasan and Rajnikanth in 1980s: Vijay and Ajith in late 1990s.


title: Nagesh

text: He was also a fantastic dancer. The song "Kanni Nathiyoram" in the movie "Neerkumizhi" shows some of his comic dance skills.


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh was born as Cheyur Krishna Nageshwaran to Kannadiga Hindu parents. His parents were Krishnan Rao and Rukmani Ammal. Nagesh Was born in Dharapuram. He completed his schooling in Dharapuram. He left Dharapuram at an early age and moved to Madras city in search of a career. His roommates, the writer Vaali and actor Srikanth, later established themselves as prominent personalities in the Tamil cinema field. He worked as a clerk in the Indian Railways.


title: Nagesh

text: Early in his life, he saw the Tamil play "Kamba Ramayanam", enacted by his colleagues, and felt that he could do a good job. He persuaded the secretary of the railway's cultural association to give him the role of a man suffering from stomach pain. MGR, then chief guest, seeing this play, in his speech praised Nagesh for his performance. From then onwards, Nagesh played small roles in various drama troupes.


title: Nagesh

text: In 1958, producer Balaji spotted Nagesh and gave him his first break in a film called "Manamulla Marudhaaram". The film did not do well at the box office. Moreover, Nagesh had only a small role to play in the movie. In 1960, Nagesh made his debut in Kannada with "Makkala Rajya".


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh won critical acclaim for his performance in the 1961 movie "Thayilla Pillai". But it was his 1962 hit "Nenjil Or Aalayam" which launched his career in the Tamil film industry. Nagesh was seen playing the lead role in "Server Sundaram" (1964), directed by "Krishnan–Panju", adapted from a 1963 play of the same name written by the legend "K. Balachander". The movie was a remarkable hit and proved to be a great turning point in his career. The song from this film "Avalukenna... Azhagiya Mugam...", written by Vaali was a big hit.


title: Nagesh

text: "Server Sundaram" marked Nagesh's rise to prominence. The film was about a restaurant waiter, "server" Sundaram, who struggles to make ends meet. He is in love with Radha (K. R. Vijaya), the daughter of the owner of the hotel in which he is working. The film is about how with the aid of his rich friend Raghavan (R. Muthuraman), server Sundaram gets a chance to act in movies and eventually, emerges as a rich and prominent actor. However, he is heartbroken when he learns that Radha is actually in love with Raghavan. While Nagesh drove viewers to laughter with his comical antics in the early scenes, his sensitive portrayal of a failed lover in the second half of the movie too earned widespread appreciation. The rags-to-riches story in the movie was actually based on Nagesh's own life. With "Server Sundaram", Nagesh earned critical acclaim for versatility.


title: Nagesh

text: The success of "Server Sundaram" ensured that Nagesh was one of the most sought-after actors in the 1960s. At the height of his career, he acted in as much as 35 movies in a single calendar year, at one time shooting six movies simultaneously. He appeared in a cameo in the 1965 mythological "Thiruvilayadal", in which he portrayed the poor, simpleton temple priest Dharumi. The soliloquy which Dharmi indulges in, within the temple precincts, is regarded as one of the unforgettable scenes of Tamil cinema. He followed the success with supporting roles in films such as "Kaadhalikka Neramillai", where he wants to direct a film under his own production house, Oho Productions (but until the climax he does not make a film), "Anbe Vaa", "Shanthi Nilayam", "Pattanathil Bhootham" and "Vietnam Veedu". He played Mohan in "Major Chandrakanth", which was a popular hit and won for its lead actor Sundararajan the nickname "Major" Sundararajan. His portrayal of the detestable pimp Vaidhy in "Thillana Mohanambal" was noted for the way in which Nagesh blended humour with villainy. In most of his comic films, Nagesh paired with the actress Manorama. In 1967, Nagesh acted in his first Hindi movie, "Farz".


title: Nagesh

text: Apart from performing in supporting roles, Nagesh also acted as the main protagonist in a number of movies. "Server Sundaram" is one of them. Another performance which is well-remembered is his role as the poor struggling orphan Maadhu in "Ethir Neechal". His sensitive and sympathetic portrayal of Maadhu evoked comparisons with top character actors of the day. Jayakanthan chose Nagesh to play the lead in the 1966 film "Yaarukkaha Azhudhan", overlooking Sivaji Ganesan.


title: Nagesh

text: Manorama was paired with Nagesh regularly in films with M.G. Ramachandran as lead between 1960 and 1970 such as "Thaali Bagyam, Vettaikaran, En Kadamai, Kanni Thai, Thayin Madiyil, Kadhal Vaganam, Chandrodhyam, Anbe Vaa, Padagotti, Panathotaam, Kaavalkaran, Kadhal Vagahnam, Vivasaaye, Thaikku Thalaimagan, Ther Thiruvizha, Thanipiravi, Thazhampoo" and "Thozhilali". Other directors cast the Nagesh-Manorama pair in memorable films beginning from 1962, such as "Nenjil Or Aalayam, Kungumam, Rakta Thilagam, Panjavarnakilli, Navarathiri, Puthiya Paravai, Anbu Karangal, Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi, Saraswathi Sabadham, Gowri Kalyanam, Galatta Kalyanam, Ner Vazhi, Ninaivin Nindraval, Poojaikku Vandamalar, Deiva Thirumagal, Deivathin Deivam, Shanti, Thenmazhai, Aannavin Asai, Andru Kanda Mugam, Seetha, Mani Makutam, Nagamali Azhagi, Kandan Karunai, Saadu Mirandal, Thaimel Aanai, Kaalam Vellum, Annai Abirami, Thiruvarutchelvar, Karunthel Kannayiram, Kalangarai Vilakkam" and "Annamitta Kai". Few films where they were not paired together include "Server Sundaram, Madras to Pondicherry, Thillana Mohanambaal, Thiruvarul, Bommalattam" and "Nanbargal".


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh rose to prominence and stardom through "Server Sundaram" (1964) for which he received praise for his evergreen comedy performances as a server in a hotel. The film was helmed by director duo Krishnan-Panchu and the screenplay had been written by K. Balachander. It also marked the first collaboration between Nagesh and K. Balachander. Since then it led to many successful collaborations between the two. He played a negative character in "Iru Thuruvam" in 1971. He has a double role in "Kai Naraya Kaasu", wherein one character was evil and the other one innocent.


title: Nagesh

text: Cho acted alongside Nagesh in "Thenmazhai, Ninaivil Nindraval, Ulagam Ivvalavudhaan" and "Bommalattam" and each of them were box office hits. His critically acclaimed memorable performances were in films such as "Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi, Server Sundaram, Ninivail Nindraval, Thenmazhai, Rudra Thandavam, Chinnan Jiru Ulagam, Vairagiyam, Punnagai, Engal Vaadhiyar, Enna Mudhalali Sowkiyamma, Kai Naraya Kaasu, Soap Seepu Kannadi, Then Kinnam, Kalyana Oorvalam, Neerkumizhi, Major Chandrakanth" and "Kalahala Kapuram". He was paired with Rama Prabha in "Pudhiya Bhoomi", "Shanti Nilayam" and also in another 12 films in Telugu. He was paired with Geethanjali in "Panam Padaithavan" and "Sanagamam". He was paired with Ammakutti Pushpamala in "Ragasiya Police 115". He was paired with K.R. Vijaya in many films such as "Server Sundaram", "Kalyana Oorvalam" and "Dasavatharam".


title: Nagesh

text: Actress Sachu was paired with Nagesh in films such as "Kadhalikka Neram Illai, Kettikaran, Penn Deivam, Thunaivan, Patham Pasali, Sorgam, Athhaiya Mamiya" and "Vandha Marumagal". Actress Madhavi Krishnan was paired opposite Nagesh in "Pannakara Kudumbam, Periya Edathu Penn, Aayirathil Oruvan, Arasa Kattalai, Enga Veettu Pillai, Naan" and "Adhey Kangal". His comedy was appreciated in films such as "Parisu, Dheiva Thai, Kudiyirudha Koyil, Nawab Narkali, Veetuku Vandha Marumagal, Selva Magal, Nadodi, Aayiram Roobai" and "Naan Annaiyittal".


title: Nagesh

text: In the 1970 movie "Navakiragam", K. Balachandar wanted to have Nagesh along with Manorama as his sidekick, but Nagesh refused, preferring to act without Manorama. Manorama was offended by this decision and has refused to act with Nagesh ever since. MGR did bring them together as the pair for one last time in "Annamitta Kai" in 1972. In the movies "Raman Thediya Seethai, Kann Malar, Gomatha En Kulamatha, Anbe Aayure, Thygaam, Dheepam, Rudra Thandavam" and "Baghdad Perazhagi" in the 1970s, there were scenes where they both were together, but there was no dialogue exchange between the two. However, with time, the relations between the two became normal by 1985 and the two acted in "Micheal Madana Kamarajan" in 1990 and "Imisai Arasan23am Pulikesi".


title: Nagesh

text: After ruining the chance of Manorama to be in K. Balachandar's movie "Navagragam" in 1970, and due to rumours of decline of his friendship with MGR, certain sections of people started avoiding giving him roles. His financial problems evolved and his acting chances declined, as the producers feared to offer him parts in their movies as he had turned to drinking. He was plagued by personal problems. His marriage to a Christian woman named Regina had fractured his relationship with his mother and other relatives. From the relationship, he had three sons, Anand Babu, Ramesh Babu and Rajesh Babu, the first son going on to be an actor plagued by personal problems in his career. In 1973, his mother died causing him irreparable grief. The Nagesh theatre he owned in Chennai was on the verge of being seized for non-payment of dues. After Nagesh cleared the misunderstanding with MGR in 1972, he received offers from MGR to act again in his movies, in comedy roles, with the condition that he would not repeat his earlier mistakes. That's how Nagesh's career revived with films of MGR such as "Ulagam Sutrum Valiban, Nalla Neram, Nalai Namadhe, Naan Yen Pirandhen, Uzhaikkum Karangale, Meenava Nanban" and "Urimai Kural". But after MGR became Chief Minister, the producers again started ignoring Nagesh.


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh acted in a few movies during this period, however as his talent was still the same, most of them were hits – "Kalyanan Oorvalam, Anbe Aayure, Engalukkum Kadhal Varum, Thiruvarul, Pattampoochi, Payanam, Maharasi Vazhga, Dr. Siva, Dheepam, Ilaya Thalaimurai, Murugan Adimai" and "Nee Vazha Vendum". One of his notable roles was a drunkard in the 1974 Kamal Haasan-starrer "Apoorva Raagangal", where he talks to his own shadow and hurls the empty glass upon it while saying "Cheers". In the theatres where the film was shown the audience imitated him and threw cups on the wall of the lobby during interval. He played writer Jayakanthan in the 1977 movie "Sila Nerangalil Sila Manitharkal".


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh's career enjoyed a resurgence from 1978 onwards when he acted in a number of movies. Nagesh appeared as himself in "Thillu Mullu", which was remake of "Gol Maal" (1979), a Hindi film. From 1978 onwards, his performances in films such as "Varuvan Vadivelan, Adhirstakaran, Nizhal Nijamagiradhu, Oru Nadigai Nadagam Paarkiral, Gnana Kuzhandhai, Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren, Bhama Rukmani, Amara Kaviyam, Vaa Kanna Vaa, Aayiram Nilave Vaa, Kalthoon, Kadal Meengal, Mohana Punnagai, Then Koodu, Paartha Gnabagam Illayo, Padikkadavan, Maaveeran, Cooliekkaran, Ivargal Varungala Thoongal" and "Makkal En Pakkam" were appreciated. Right from the start of his career, he was known for doing clean comedy acts. He wanted to do only clean comedy roles even in the period between 1980 and 1988, when many other comedians were doing slapstick low quality comedy characters in the films and hence he chose to accept very few roles in this period. He was in the lead roles again with "Rudra Thandavam" and "Engal Vadhiyar". He started accepting roles of elderly people as well. He also directed the film "Paartha Gnabagam Illayo" in 1985. It was then when Kamal Haasan gave him a break with his project "Apoorva Sagodharargal". This movie was a massive hit. Nagesh's villainous role was much appreciated. Nobody ever thought that Kamal Haasan could design a villainous role for an actor like Nagesh, that too after Nagesh had crossed the age of 55 in 1988. The movie was later dubbed into Hindi as "Appu Raja". He also played the villain in the Rajinikanth films "Athisaya Piravi" and "Mounam Sammadham". His negative roles included sadistic schemers, than muscular giants.


title: Nagesh

text: Kamal Haasan again gave a brilliant role for Nagesh in the comedy flick "Michael Madana Kama Rajan". Nagesh played the dishonest secretary Avinashi, who commissions a look-alike, Kameswaran to impersonate his boss, Madan, and lend him money from Madan's account. During the shooting of "Michael Madana Kama Rajan", Nagesh felt disappointed and unhappy over his role as Avinashi and had also argued with Kamal Haasan.


title: Nagesh

text: He even played a cadaver in Kamal Haasan's 1994 film "Magalir Mattum". His journey with Kamal Haasan continued. Director Priyadarshan gave Nagesh a good role in "Gopura Vasalile". Nagesh was very selective of the projects he did from 1990s. His performances in "Indrudu Chandrudu, Pudhu Pudhu Ragangal, Raja Kaiya Vacha, Cheran Pandiyan, Thalapathi, Putham Pudhu Payanam, Purushan Enakku Arasan, Rickshaw Mama, Amma Ponnu, Nammavar, Marumagan, Gandeevam, Poove Unakkaga, Pagaivan, Thadayam, Ayudha Poojai, Poove Unakkaga"and "Desiya Geetham" were appreciated in the 1990s.


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh had a good relationship with Kamal Haasan, with whom he had co-starred in a variety of movies between 1975 and the 2000s. Kamal Haasan cast Nagesh in most of his self-productions regularly. He also won the National Award for his supporting role as the principal of a college troubled by rowdies, in the movie ""Nammavar"". Kamal Haasan plays a professor in this movie. His role as the make-up artist Joseph in the Kamal Haasan starrer "Avvai Shanmugi", in which he featured alongside another veteran, Gemini Ganesan, was also appreciated. Cho and Nagesh again appeared together in "Adhisiya Peravi" and "Kadhala Kadhala".


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh had a series of supporting roles in the 2000s. Notable among them were those of Vijay's grandfather in "Poove Unakkaga", Arjun's father in "Rhythm", Pawan Kalyan's Uncle Peddhananna in "Toli Prema", Madhavan's grandfather Subbuni in "Minnale", Ajith Kumar's Grandfather in "Poovellam Un Vasam", Father Rozario in "Kadhal Kondain", Srikanth's grandfather in "Bose", Silambarasan's grandfather in "Saravana", Jeeva's father in Pori and Kamal Haasan's father in "Vasool Raja MBBS". His handling of these roles gained him considerable appreciation from the public.


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh acted in Tamil films till a few months before his death in 2009. Notable among some of his later movies were "Panchathanthiram", "Vasool Raja MBBS", "Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi" and his last appearance, "Dasavathaaram".


title: Nagesh

text: Nagesh was a chain smoker and a heavy drinker. However, he gradually gave up these habits when he was dangerously ill during the period 1978–1982. His health began to decline in late 2008 due to progressive heart ailments. In November 2008, his health conditions further deteriorated when he slipped and fell down at his home which also resulted in a severe head injury. He died on 31 January 2009 at the age of 75 due to diabetes and a heart ailment.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: Choi Yu-na (; born October 4, 1997), better known by her stage name Yuju (), is a South Korean singer. She participated in various singing competitions and signed with Source Music in 2014. She is best known for being a former member of the South Korean girl group GFriend.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: In 2011, she competed in the first season of "K-pop Star", where she was eliminated in the first round.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: In January 2015, Yuju made her debut as a member of GFriend with the song "Glass Bead". A few months later the group released their second single, named "Me Gustas Tu". During the promotions of the song, while performing on a slippery stage, GFriend members fell on the stage eight times, gaining international attention. The group was praised for their professionalism, especially Yuju, who suffered a twisted finger during the performance. Their next song, "Rough", won 15 times on music show programs.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: Yuju sang "Spring Is Gone by Chance" for the South Korean television drama "The Girl Who Sees Smells" with Loco. The song won "OST Chart First Place" ten weeks in a row on "Music Bank" and "Best OST" at the 2015 Melon Music Awards. An acoustic version of the song was also released. The soundtrack has already achieved 100M+ Digital Index and 2.5M+ Downloads on Gaon, making it the one of the several OSTs whose given a Streaming and Downloads Certifications on the platform.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: Yuju recorded "Billy & The Brave Guys", for the soundtrack of the animated movie "Chicken Hero", which was released on February 18, 2016. In March 2016, she collaborated with Sunyoul of UP10TION for a song called "Cherish".


title: Yuju (singer)

text: She also appeared on South Korean Television Show "SBS' Fantastic Duo" (Season 2) Ep. 27-28 and declared as the Final Winner of the episode, along with Wheesung performing their winning piece "The Heartbreaking Story". She is the first and only Kpop Female Idol to win on the said television show, competing among 5 Contentants whose picked over 8 potential nominees on Everysing app. The duo won $10,000 (Ten Thousand Dollars) as a prize.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: On May 4, 2021, she became the host and protagonist of "Yuju is Halli Queen", as the defending champion in Halli Galli; her gaming name is Hallelujah.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: On September 1, 2021, Yuju signed an exclusive contract with Konnect Entertainment, following GFriend's disbandment and departure from Source Music.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: Yuju debuted as a soloist on January 18, 2022, with the extended play "Rec." and its lead single "Play" (놀이). This is her first solo release under Konnect Entertainment and after GFriend's disbandment. On July 28, 2022, she released her second digital single "Evening" featuring rapper Big Naughty.


title: Yuju (singer)

text: All song credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association's database unless stated otherwise.


title: Jason Spisak

text: Jason Spisak () is an American voice actor, producer, and computer programmer in animation and video games, and producer and founding member of Blackchalk Productions. He is also the co-leader of the Symphony OS Project and the designer of Symphony's unique Mezzo desktop environment and wrote the Laws of Interface Design, for which the project tries to adhere to in its designs. He was previously a co-founder of Lycoris.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: Vladimir-Suzdal (, "Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya"), also Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1157–1331) (; ), was one of the major principalities that succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand duchy divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of principality, however, was prescribed by a "jarlig" (declaration by the Khan) issued from the Golden Horde to a Rurikid sovereign.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: Vladimir-Suzdal is traditionally perceived as a cradle of the Great Russian language and nationality; it gradually evolved into the Grand Duchy of Moscow.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: The first notable administrators in the Rostov region presumably were the sons of Vladimir the Great, Boris and Gleb, and later Yaroslav the Wise. The principality occupied a vast territory in the northeast of Kievan Rus', approximately bounded by the Volga, Oka, and Northern Dvina rivers. According to the archeologist , who specializes in the history of the region, the Rostov land until the 10th century was already under the control of Rostov city, while Sarskoye Gorodishche was a tribal center of the native Merya people.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: In the 10th century an eparchy was established in Rostov. One of the first known princes was Yaroslav the Wise and later Boris Vladimirovich. At that time Rostov was the major center of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the region dominated mostly by paganism. Until the 11th century Rostov was often associated with the Novgorod. Evidently the spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to the lands of the Great Perm was successfully conducted from Rostov. Rostov was the regional capital; other important towns included Suzdal, Yaroslavl, and Belozersk.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: Vladimir Monomakh, son of the Grand Prince of Vsevolod I, inherited the rights to the principality in 1093. As the Grand Prince of Kiev he appointed his son George I (Yuri Dolgoruky) to rule the northeastern lands and in 1125 moved its capital from Rostov to Suzdal, after which the Principality was referred to as Rostov-Suzdal. During the 11th and 12th centuries when southern parts of Rus' were systematically raided by Turkic nomads, their inhabitants began to migrate northward. In the formerly wooded areas, known as Zalesye, many new settlements were established.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: The foundations of Pereslavl, Kostroma, Dmitrov, Moscow, Yuriev-Polsky, Uglich, Tver, Dubna, and many others were assigned (either by chronicle or popular legend) to George, whose sobriquet ("the Long-Armed") alludes to his dexterity in manipulating the politics of far-away Kiev. Sometime in 1108 Monomakh strengthened and rebuilt the town of Vladimir on the Klyazma River, 31 km south of Suzdal. During the rule of George the principality gained military strength, and in the Suzdal-Ryazan war of 1146, it conquered the Ryazan Principality. Later in the 1150s George occupied Kiev a couple of times as well. From that time the lands of the northeastern Rus' played an important role in the politics of Kievan Rus'.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: George's son Andrew the Pious significantly increased Vladimir's power at the expense of the nearby princely states, which he treated with contempt. After burning down Kiev, then the metropolitan seat of Rus', in 1169, he enthroned his younger brother. For Andrew, his capital of Vladimir was a far greater concern, as he embellished it with white stone churches and monasteries. Prince Andrew was murdered by boyars in his suburban residence at Bogolyubovo in 1174.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: After a brief interregnum, Andrew's brother Vsevolod III secured the throne. He continued most of his brother's policies and once again subjugated Kiev in 1203. Vsevolod's chief enemies, however, were the Southern Ryazan Principality, which appeared to stir discord in the princely family, and the mighty Turkic state of Volga Bulgaria, which bordered Vladimir-Suzdal to the east. After several military campaigns, Ryazan was burnt to the ground, and the Bulgars were forced to pay tribute.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: Vsevolod's death in 1212 precipitated a serious dynastic conflict. His eldest son Konstantin gained the support of powerful Rostovan boyars and Mstislav the Bold of Kiev and expelled the lawful heir, his brother George, from Vladimir to Rostov. George managed to return to the capital six years later, upon Konstantin's death. George proved to be a shrewd ruler who decisively defeated Volga Bulgaria and installed his brother Yaroslav in Novgorod. His reign, however, ended when the Mongol hordes under Batu Khan took and burnt Vladimir in 1238. Thereupon they proceeded to devastate other major cities of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: While heavy tribute payments and the initial Mongol invasions did manage to cause much destruction to Vladimir-Suzdal, rule under the Mongols also brought wealth to the region, as Vladimir was able to access the Mongol's lucrative patronage of oriental trade.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: None of the cities of the principality managed to regain the power of Kievan Rus' after the Mongol invasion. Vladimir became a vassal of the Mongol Empire, later succeeded by the Golden Horde, with the Grand Prince appointed by the Great Khan. Even the popular Alexander Nevsky of Pereslavl had to go to the Khan's capital in Karakorum in order to be installed as the Grand Prince in Vladimir. As many factions strove for power, the principality rapidly disintegrated into eleven tiny states: Moscow, Tver, Pereslavl, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Uglich, Belozersk, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Starodub-upon-Klyazma, and Yuriev-Polsky. All of them nominally acknowledged the suzerainty of the Grand Prince of Vladimir, but his effective authority became progressively weaker.


title: Vladimir-Suzdal

text: By the end of the century, only three cities — Moscow, Tver, and Nizhny Novgorod — still contended for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir. Once installed, however, they chose to remain in their own cities rather than moving to Vladimir. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually came to eclipse its rivals. When the metropolitan of Kievan Rus' moved his chair from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325, it became clear that Moscow had effectively succeeded Vladimir as the chief centre of power in the north-east remnant of Kievan Rus'.


title: London Kills

text: London Kills is a British police procedural television series, written and created by Paul Marquess, that premiered on Acorn TV on 26 February 2019 in the United States. One of Acorn TV's first original commissions, "London Kills" centres around an elite murder investigation squad in London, headed up by DI David Bradford (Hugo Speer), an experienced detective whose judgement is called into question following the unexpected disappearance of his wife.


title: London Kills

text: The series - newly commissioned by AMC Networks for its 4th season - follows on from Marquess' former London-based police procedural series "Suspects", and aside from the cast, features a number of striking similarities, including a documentary-style feel and an ad-lib script allowing the cast to partially improvise their lines based upon a given synopsis.


title: London Kills

text: Outside the United States, the series was originally slated for broadcast on Channel 5, although the broadcaster later pulled out of the deal. The BBC subsequently purchased the first five-episode series for broadcast as part of their daytime schedule, and began broadcasting episodes daily at 1:45pm from 24 June 2019. The first series was released on Region 2 DVD on 1 July 2019. Series 1 was released in Australia (Region 4) on 6 May 2020. The second series premiered in the United States on 15 July 2019.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: USS "Oklahoma" (BB-37) was a built by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation for the United States Navy, notable for being the first American class of oil-burning dreadnoughts.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Commissioned in 1916, "Oklahoma" served in World War I as a part of Battleship Division Six, protecting Allied convoys on their way across the Atlantic. After the war, she served in both the United States Battle Fleet and Scouting Fleet. "Oklahoma" was modernized between 1927 and 1929. In 1936, she rescued American citizens and refugees from the Spanish Civil War. On returning to the West Coast in August of the same year, "Oklahoma" spent the rest of her service in the Pacific.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: On 7 December 1941, during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, several torpedoes from torpedo-bomber airplanes hit the "Oklahoma"'s hull and the ship capsized. A total of 429 crew died; survivors jumped off the ship into burning hot water or crawled across mooring lines that connected "Oklahoma" and . Some sailors inside escaped when rescuers drilled holes and opened hatches to rescue them. In 1943, "Oklahoma" was righted and salvaged. Unlike most of the other battleships that were recovered following Pearl Harbor, "Oklahoma" was too damaged to return to duty. Her wreck was eventually stripped of her remaining armament and superstructure before being sold for scrap in 1946. The hulk sank in a storm in 1947, while being towed from Oahu, Hawaii, to a breakers yard in San Francisco Bay.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: "Oklahoma" was the second of two s. Both were ordered in a naval appropriation act on 4 March 1911. She was the latest in a series of 22 battleships and seven armored cruisers ordered by the United States Navy between 1900 and 1911. The "Nevada"-class ships were the first of the US Navy's Standard-type battleships, of which 12 were completed by 1923. With these ships, the Navy created a fleet of modern battleships similar in long-range gunnery, speed, turning radius, and protection. Significant improvements, however, were made in the Standard type ships as naval technology progressed. The main innovations were triple turrets and all-or-nothing protection. The triple turrets reduced the length of the ship that needed protection by placing 10 guns in four turrets instead of five, thus allowing thicker armor. The "Nevada"-class ships were also the first US battleships with oil-fired instead of coal-fired boilers, oil having more recoverable energy per ton than coal, thus increasing the ships' range. "Oklahoma" differed from her sister in being fitted with triple-expansion steam engines, a much older technology than "Nevada"s new geared turbines.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: As constructed, she had a standard displacement of and a full-load displacement of . She was in length overall, at the waterline, and had a beam of and a draft of .


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: She was powered by 12 oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers driving two dual-acting, vertical triple-expansion steam engines, which provided for a maximum speed of . She had a designed range of at .


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: As built, the armor on "Oklahoma" consisted of belt armor from thick. Deck armor was thick with a second deck, and turret armor was or on the face, on the top, on the sides, and on the rear. Armor on her barbettes was 13.5 inches. Her conning tower was protected by 16 inches of armor, with 8 inches of armor on its roof.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Her armament consisted of ten /45 caliber guns, arranged in two triple and two twin mounts. As built, she also carried 21 /51 caliber guns, primarily for defense against destroyers and torpedo boats. She also had two (some references say four) torpedo tubes for the Bliss-Leavitt Mark 3 torpedo. Her crew consisted of 864 officers and enlisted men.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: "Oklahoma"s keel was laid down on 26 October 1912, by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey, which bid $5,926,000 to construct the ship. By 12 December 1912, she was 11.2% complete, and by 13 July 1913, she was at 33%.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: She was launched on 23 March 1914, sponsored by Lorena J. Cruce, daughter of Oklahoma Governor Lee Cruce. The launch was preceded by an invocation, the first for an American warship in half a century, given by Elijah Embree Hoss, and was attended by various dignitaries from Oklahoma and the federal government. She was subsequently moved to a dock near the new Argentine battleship and Chinese cruiser "Fei Hung", soon to be the Greek , for fitting-out.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: On the night of 19 July 1915, large fires were discovered underneath the fore main battery turret, the third to flare up on an American battleship in less than a month. However, by 22 July, the Navy believed that the "Oklahoma" fire had been caused by "defective insulation" or a mistake made by a dockyard worker. The fire delayed the battleship's completion so much that "Nevada" was able to conduct her sea trials and be commissioned before "Oklahoma". On 23 October 1915, she was 98.1 percent complete. She was commissioned at Philadelphia, on 2 May 1916, with Captain Roger Welles in command.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Following commissioning, the ship remained along the East Coast of the United States, primarily visiting various Navy yards. At first, she was unable to join the Battleship Division Nine task force sent to support the Grand Fleet in the North Sea during World War I because oil was unavailable there. In 1917, she underwent a refit, with two /50 caliber guns being installed forward of the mainmast for antiaircraft defense and nine of the 5-inch/51 caliber guns being removed or repositioned. While conditions on the ship were cramped, the sailors on the ship had many advantages for education available to them. They also engaged in athletic competitions, including boxing, wrestling, and rowing competitions with the crews of the battleship and the tug . The camaraderie built from these small competitions led to fleet-wide establishment of many athletic teams pitting crews against one another for morale by the 1930s.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: On 13 August 1918, "Oklahoma" was assigned to Battleship Division Six under the command of Rear Admiral Thomas S. Rodgers, and departed for Europe alongside "Nevada". On 23 August, they met with destroyers , , , , , and , west of Ireland, before steaming for Berehaven, where they waited for 18 days before battleship arrived. The division remained at anchor, tasked to protect American convoys coming into the area, but was only called out of the harbor once in 80 days. On 14 October 1918, while under command of Charles B. McVay Jr., she escorted troop ships into port at the United Kingdom, returning on 16 October. For the rest of the time, the ship conducted drills at anchor or in nearby Bantry Bay. To pass the time, the crews played American football, and competitive sailing. "Oklahoma" suffered six casualties between 21 October and 2 November to the 1918 flu pandemic. "Oklahoma" remained off Berehaven until the end of the war on 11 November 1918. Shortly thereafter, several "Oklahoma" crewmembers were involved in a series of fights with members of Sinn Féin, forcing the ship's commander to apologize and financially compensate two town mayors.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: "Oklahoma" left for Portland on 26 November, joined there by on 30 November, "Nevada" on 4 December, and Battleship Division Nine's ships shortly after. The ships were assigned as a convoy escort for the ocean liner , carrying President Woodrow Wilson, and arrived with that ship in France several days later. She departed 14 December, for New York City, and then spent early 1919 conducting winter battle drills off the coast of Cuba. On 15 June 1919, she returned to Brest, escorting Wilson on a second trip, and returned to New York, on 8 July. A part of the Atlantic Fleet for the next two years, "Oklahoma" was overhauled and her crew trained. The secondary battery was reduced from 20 to 12 5-inch/51 caliber guns in 1918. Early in 1921, she voyaged to South America's West Coast for combined exercises with the Pacific Fleet, and returned later that year for the Peruvian Centennial.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: She then joined the Pacific Fleet and, in 1925, began a high-profile training cruise with several other battleships. They left San Francisco on 15 April 1925, arrived in Hawaii, on 27 April, where they conducted war games. They left for Samoa, on 1 July, crossing the equator on 6 July. On 27 July, they arrived in Australia and conducted a number of exercises there, before spending time in New Zealand, returning to the United States later that year. In early 1927, she transited the Panama Canal and moved to join the Scouting Fleet.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: In November 1927, she entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard for an extensive overhaul. She was modernized by adding eight 5-inch/25 cal guns, and her turrets' maximum elevation was raised from 15 to 30 degrees. An aircraft catapult was installed atop turret No.3. She was also substantially up-armored between September 1927 and July 1929, with anti-torpedo bulges added, as well as an additional of steel on her armor deck. The overhaul increased her beam to , the widest in the US Navy, and reduced her speed to .


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: "Oklahoma" rejoined the Scouting Fleet for exercises in the Caribbean, then returned to the West Coast in June 1930, for fleet operations through spring 1936. That summer, she carried midshipmen on a European training cruise, visiting northern ports. The cruise was interrupted by the outbreak of civil war in Spain. "Oklahoma" sailed to Bilbao, arriving on 24 July 1936, to rescue American citizens and other refugees whom she carried to Gibraltar and French ports. She returned to Norfolk on 11 September, and to the West Coast on 24 October.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: The Pacific Fleet operations of "Oklahoma" during the next four years included joint operations with the Army and the training of reservists. "Oklahoma" was based at Pearl Harbor from 29 December 1937, for patrols and exercises, and only twice returned to the mainland, once to have anti-aircraft guns and armor added to her superstructure at Puget Sound Navy Yard in early February 1941, and once to have armor replaced at San Pedro in mid-August of the same year. En route on 22 August, a severe storm hit "Oklahoma". One man was swept overboard and three others were injured. The next morning, a broken starboard propeller shaft forced the ship to halt, assess the damage, and sail to San Francisco, the closest navy yard with an adequate drydock. She remained in drydock, undergoing repairs until mid-October. The ship then returned to Hawaii.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: The Washington Naval Treaty had precluded the Navy from replacing "Oklahoma", leading to the series of refits to extend her lifespan. The ship was planned to be retired on 2 May 1942.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: On 7 December 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, "Oklahoma" was moored in berth Fox 5, on Battleship Row, in the outboard position alongside the battleship . She was immediately targeted by planes from the Japanese aircraft carriers "Akagi" and "Kaga", and was struck by three torpedoes. The first and second hit seconds apart, striking amidships at approximately 07:50 or 07:53, below the waterline between the smokestack and mainmast. The torpedoes blew away a large section of her anti-torpedo bulge and spilled oil from the adjacent fuel bunkers' sounding tubes, but neither penetrated the hull. About 80 men scrambled to man the AA guns on deck, but were unable to use them because the firing locks were in the armory. Most of the men manned battle stations below the ship's waterline or sought shelter in the third deck, protocol during an aerial attack. The third torpedo struck at 08:00, near Frame 65, hitting close to where the first two did, penetrating the hull, destroying the adjacent fuel bunkers on the second platform deck and rupturing access trunks to the two forward boiler rooms as well as the transverse bulkhead to the aft boiler room and the longitudinal bulkhead of the two forward firing rooms.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: As she began to capsize to port, two more torpedoes struck, and her men were strafed as they abandoned ship. In less than twelve minutes, she rolled over until halted by her masts touching bottom, her starboard side above water, and a part of her keel exposed. It's believed the ship absorbed as many as eight hits in all. Many of her crew, however, remained in the fight, clambering aboard "Maryland" to help serve her anti-aircraft batteries. Four hundred twenty-nine of her officers and enlisted men were killed or missing. One of those killed, Father Aloysius Schmitt, was the first American chaplain of any faith to die in World War II. Thirty-two others were wounded, and many were trapped within the capsized hull. Efforts to rescue them began within minutes of the ship's capsizing and continued into the night, in several cases rescuing men trapped inside the ship for hours. Julio DeCastro, a Hawaiian civilian yard worker, organized a team that saved 32 "Oklahoma" sailors. This was a particularly tricky operation as cutting open the hull released trapped air, raising the water levels around entombed men, while cutting in the wrong places could ignite stored fuel. It is likely that some survivors were never reached in time.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Some of those who died later had ships named after them, including Ensign John C. England for whom and are named. was named for Ensign Charles M. Stern, Jr. was named for Chief Carpenter John Arnold Austin, who was also posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the attack. was named for Father Aloysius Schmitt. was named for Malcolm, Randolph, and Leroy Barber. In addition to Austin's Navy Cross, the Medal of Honor was awarded to Ensign Francis C. Flaherty and Seaman James R. Ward, while three Navy and Marine Corps Medals were awarded to others on "Oklahoma" during the attack.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: By early 1942, it was determined that "Oklahoma" could be salvaged and that she was a navigational hazard, having rolled into the harbor's navigational channel. Even though it was cost-prohibitive to do so, the job of salvaging "Oklahoma" commenced on 15 July 1942, under the immediate command of Captain F. H. Whitaker, and a team from the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Preparations for righting the overturned hull took under eight months to complete. Air was pumped into interior chambers and improvised airlocks built into the ship, forcing of water out of the ship through the torpedo holes. of coral soil were deposited in front of her bow to prevent sliding and two barges were posted on either end of the ship to control the ship's rising.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Twenty-one derricks were attached to the upturned hull; each carried high-tensile steel cables that were connected to hydraulic winching machines ashore. The righting (parbuckling) operation began on 8 March, and was completed by 16 June 1943. Teams of naval specialists then entered the previously submerged ship to remove human remains. Cofferdams were then placed around the hull to allow basic repairs to be undertaken so that the ship could be refloated; this work was completed by November. On 28 December, "Oklahoma" was towed into drydock No. 2, at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. Once in the dock, her main guns, machinery, remaining ammunition, and stores were removed. The severest structural damage on the hull was also repaired to make the ship watertight. US Navy deemed her too old and too heavily damaged to be returned to service.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: "Oklahoma" was decommissioned on 1 September 1944, and all remaining armaments and superstructure were then removed. She was then put up for auction at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on 26 November 1946, with her engines, boilers, turbo generators, steering units and about of structural steel deemed salvageable. She was sold to Moore Drydock Co. of Oakland, California for $46,127.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: In May 1947, a two-tug towing operation began to move the hull of "Oklahoma" from Pearl Harbor to San Francisco Bay. Due to arrive on Memorial Day, a delegation of nearly 500 Oklahomans led by Governor Roy J. Turner planned to visit and pay final respects to the ship.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Disaster struck on 17 May, when the ships entered a storm more than from Hawaii. The tug "Hercules" put her searchlight on the former battleship, revealing that she had begun listing heavily. After radioing the naval base at Pearl Harbor, both tugs were instructed to turn around and head back to port. Without warning, "Hercules" was pulled back past "Monarch", which was being dragged backwards at . "Oklahoma" had begun to sink straight down, causing water to swamp the sterns of both tugs.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: Both tug skippers had fortunately loosened their cable drums connecting the tow lines to "Oklahoma". As the battleship sank rapidly, the line from "Monarch" quickly played out, releasing the tug. However, "Hercules" cables did not release until the last possible moment, leaving her tossing and pitching above the grave of the sunken "Oklahoma". The battleship's exact location is unknown.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: During dredging operations in 2006, the US Navy recovered a part of "Oklahoma" from the bottom of Pearl Harbor. The Navy believes it to be a portion of the port side rear fire control tower support mast. It was flown to Tinker Air Force Base then delivered to the Muskogee War Memorial Park in Muskogee, in 2010, where the , , barnacle-encrusted mast section is now on permanent outdoor display. The ship's bell and two of her screws are at the Kirkpatrick Science Museum in Oklahoma City. "Oklahoma"s aft wheel is at the Oklahoma History Center in Oklahoma City.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: On 7 December 2007, the 66th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, a memorial for the 429 crew members who were killed in the attack was dedicated on Ford Island, just outside the entrance to where the battleship is docked as a museum. "Missouri" is moored where "Oklahoma" was moored when she was sunk. The USS "Oklahoma" memorial is part of Pearl Harbor National Memorial and is an arrangement of engraved black granite walls and white marble posts. Only 35 of the 429 sailors and Marines who died on "Oklahoma" were identified in the years following the attack. The remains of 394 unidentified sailors and Marines were first interred as unknowns in the Nu'uanu and Halawa cemeteries, but were all disinterred in 1947, in an unsuccessful attempt to identify more personnel. In 1950, all unidentified remains from "Oklahoma" were buried in 61 caskets in 45 graves at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: In April 2015, the Department of Defense announced, as part of a policy change that established threshold criteria for disinterment of unknowns, that the unidentified remains of the crew members of "Oklahoma" would be exhumed for DNA analysis, with the goal of returning identified remains to their families. The process began in June 2015, when four graves, two individual and two group graves, were disinterred for DNA analysis by the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). By December 2017, the identity of 100 crew members had been discovered, and with the numbers of sailor and Marine identities increasing at a steady pace, the 200th unknown was identified by 26 February 2019. Throughout 2019 and 2020, the DPAA continued to successfully identify more crew members, and on 4 February 2021, they announced the identity of the 300th unknown, a 19 year old Marine from Illinois.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: As of 29 June 2021, the DPAA announced that the program was coming to a close, and that the remains of 51 crew members that could not be identified have been returned to Hawaii, and will be reinterred at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific at Punchbowl Crater, with a ceremony scheduled for 7 December, the 80th anniversary of the Attack on Pearl Harbor.


title: USS Oklahoma (BB-37)

text: The program identified 343 crew members, including two Medal of Honor recipients, giving the DPAA a success rate of 88%. DPAA Director Kelly McKeague stated she had hoped to be able to identify at least a few more crew members before the program shut down, and in time for the ceremony. On 17 September 2021, the Department of Defense announced that number of identified was 346. After a final push to identify as many of the remaining unknown crew members as possible, the Department of Defense announced that they had identified a total 396 crew members. As was previously planned, the crew remains that could not be identified, numbering only 33, would be reinterred at the Punchbowl Cemetery, during a ceremony on 7 December, that will coincide with the anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, 80 years earlier.


title: Learning curve

text: A learning curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between how proficient people are at a task and the amount of experience they have. Proficiency (measured on the vertical axis) usually increases with increased experience (the horizontal axis), that is to say, the more someone, groups, companies or industries perform a task, the better their performance at the task.


title: Learning curve

text: The common expression "a steep learning curve" is a misnomer suggesting that an activity is difficult to learn and that expending much effort does not increase proficiency by much, although a learning curve with a steep start actually represents rapid progress. In fact, the gradient of the curve has nothing to do with the overall difficulty of an activity, but expresses the expected rate of change of learning speed over time. An activity that it is easy to learn the basics of, but difficulty to gain proficiency in, may be described as having "a steep learning curve".


title: Learning curve

text: Learning curve may refer to a specific task or a body of knowledge. Hermann Ebbinghaus first described the learning curve in 1885 in the field of the psychology of learning, although the name did not come into use until 1903. In 1936 Theodore Paul Wright described the effect of learning on production costs in the aircraft industry. This form, in which "unit cost" is plotted against "total production", is sometimes called an experience curve.


title: Learning curve

text: Hermann Ebbinghaus' tests involved memorizing series of nonsense syllables, and recording the success over a number of trials. The translation does not use the term 'learning curve' — but he presents diagrams of learning against trial number. He also notes that the score can decrease, or even oscillate.


title: Learning curve

text: The first known use of the term 'learning curve' is from 1903: "Bryan and Harter (6) found in their study of the acquisition of the telegraphic language a learning curve which had the rapid rise at the beginning followed by a period of slower learning, and was thus convex to the vertical axis."


title: Learning curve

text: Psychologist Arthur Bills gave a more detailed description of learning curves in 1934. He also discussed the properties of different types of learning curves, such as negative acceleration, positive acceleration, plateaus, and ogive curves.


title: Learning curve

text: In 1936, Theodore Paul Wright described the effect of learning on production costs in the aircraft industry and proposed a mathematical model of the learning curve.


title: Learning curve

text: In 1968 Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) generalized the Unit Cost model pioneered by Wright, and specifically used a Power Law, which is sometimes called "Henderson's Law". He named this particular version the experience curve.


title: Learning curve

text: Research by BCG in the 1970s observed experience curve effects for various industries that ranged from 10 to 25 percent.


title: Learning curve

text: The economic learning of productivity and efficiency generally follows the same kinds of experience curves and have interesting secondary effects. Efficiency and productivity improvement can be considered as whole organization or industry or economy learning processes, as well as for individuals. The general pattern is of first speeding up and then slowing down, as the practically achievable level of methodology improvement is reached. The effect of reducing local effort and resource use by learning improved methods often has the opposite latent effect on the next larger scale system, by facilitating its expansion, or economic growth, as discussed in the Jevons paradox in the 1880s and updated in the Khazzoom-Brookes Postulate in the 1980s.


title: Learning curve

text: A comprehensive understanding of the application of learning curve on managerial economics would provide plenty of benefits on strategic level. People could predict the appropriate timing of the introductions for new products and offering competitive pricing decisions, deciding investment levels by stimulate innovations on products and the selection of organizational design structures.


title: Learning curve

text: Balachander and Srinivasan used to study a durable product and its pricing strategy on the principles of the learning curve. Based on the concepts that the growing experience in producing and selling a product would cause the decline of unit production cost, they found the potential best introductory price for this product. As for the problems of production management under the limitation of scarce resources, Liao observed that without including the effects of the learning curve on labor hours and machines hours, people might make incorrect managerial decisions. Demeester and Qi used the learning curve to study the transition between the old products’ eliminating and new products’ introduction. Their results indicated that the optimal switching time is determined by the characteristics of product and process, market factors, and the features of learning curve on this production. Konstantaras, Skouri, and Jaber applied the learning curve on demand forecasting and the economic order quantity. They found that the buyers obey to a learning curve, and this result is useful for decision-making on inventory management.


title: Learning curve

text: A learning curve is a plot of proxy measures for implied learning (proficiency or progression toward a limit) with experience.


title: Learning curve

text: For the performance of one person in a series of trials the curve can be erratic, with proficiency increasing, decreasing or leveling out in a plateau.


title: Learning curve

text: When the results of a large number of individual trials are averaged then a smooth curve results, which can often be described with a mathematical function.


title: Learning curve

text: The specific case of a plot of Unit Cost versus Total Production with a power law was named the experience curve: the mathematical function is sometimes called Henderson's Law. This form of learning curve is used extensively in industry for cost projections.


title: Learning curve

text: Plots relating performance to experience are widely used in machine learning. Performance is the error rate or accuracy of the learning system, while experience may be the number of training examples used for learning or the number of iterations used in optimizing the system model parameters. The machine learning curve is useful for many purposes including comparing different algorithms, choosing model parameters during design, adjusting optimization to improve convergence, and determining the amount of data used for training.


title: Learning curve

text: Initially introduced in educational and behavioral psychology, the term has acquired a broader interpretation over time, and expressions such as "experience curve", "improvement curve", "cost improvement curve", "progress curve", "progress function", "startup curve", and "efficiency curve" are often used interchangeably. In economics the subject is rates of "development", as development refers to a whole system learning process with varying rates of progression. Generally speaking all learning displays incremental change over time, but describes an "S" curve which has different appearances depending on the time scale of observation. It has now also become associated with the evolutionary theory of punctuated equilibrium and other kinds of revolutionary change in complex systems generally, relating to innovation, organizational behavior and the management of group learning, among other fields. These processes of rapidly emerging new form appear to take place by complex learning within the systems themselves, which when observable, display curves of changing rates that accelerate and decelerate.


title: Learning curve

text: "Learning curves", also called "experience curves"], relate to the much broader subject of natural limits for resources and technologies in general. Such limits generally present themselves as increasing complications that slow the learning of how to do things more efficiently, like the well-known limits of perfecting any process or product or to perfecting measurements. These practical experiences match the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics for the limits of waste reduction generally. Approaching limits of perfecting things to eliminate waste meets geometrically increasing effort to make progress, and provides an environmental measure of all factors seen and unseen changing the learning experience. Perfecting things becomes ever more difficult despite increasing effort despite continuing positive, if ever diminishing, results. The same kind of slowing progress due to complications in learning also appears in the limits of useful technologies and of profitable markets applying to product life cycle management and software development cycles). Remaining market segments or remaining potential efficiencies or efficiencies are found in successively less convenient forms.


title: Learning curve

text: Efficiency and development curves typically follow a two-phase process of first bigger steps corresponding to finding things easier, followed by smaller steps of finding things more difficult. It reflects bursts of learning following breakthroughs that make learning easier followed by meeting constraints that make learning ever harder, perhaps toward a point of cessation.


title: Learning curve

text: The expression "steep learning curve" is used with opposite meanings. Most sources, including the "Oxford English Dictionary", the "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language", and "Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary", define a learning curve as the rate at which skill is acquired, so a steep increase would mean a quick increment of skill.


title: Learning curve

text: However, the term is often used in common English with the meaning of a difficult initial learning process.


title: Learning curve

text: Arguably, the common English use is due to metaphorical interpretation of the curve as a hill to climb. (A steeper hill is initially hard, while a gentle slope is less strainful, though sometimes rather tedious. Accordingly, the shape of the curve (hill) may not indicate the total amount of work required. Instead, it can be understood as a matter of preference related to ambition, personality and learning style.)


title: Learning curve

text: The term 'learning curve' with meanings of 'easy' and 'difficult' can be described with adjectives like 'short' and 'long' rather than "steep" and 'shallow'. If two products have similar functionality then the one with a "steep" curve is probably better, because it can be learned in a shorter time. On the other hand, if two products have different functionality, then one with a "short" curve (a short time to learn) and limited functionality may not be as good as one with a "long" curve (a long time to learn) and greater functionality.


title: Learning curve

text: For example, the Windows program Notepad is extremely simple to learn, but offers little after this. At the other extreme is the UNIX terminal editor vi or Vim, which is difficult to learn, but offers a wide array of features after the user has learned how to use it.


title: Learning curve

text: Ben Zimmer discusses the use of the term "on a steep learning curve" in "Downton Abbey", a television series set in the early 20th century, concentrating mainly on whether use of the term is an anachronism. "Matthew Crawley, the presumptive heir of Downton Abbey and now the co-owner of the estate, says, 'I've been on a steep learning curve since arriving at Downton.' By this he means that he has had a difficult time learning the ways of Downton, but people did not start talking that way until the 1970s."


title: Learning curve

text: Zimmer also comments that the popular use of "steep" as "difficult" is a reversal of the technical meaning. He identifies the first use of "steep learning curve" as 1973, and the "arduous" interpretation as 1978.