title: Vauxhall Astra

text: The MK2 Astra was a bigger seller than its predecessor, though again it failed to match the Ford Escort in terms of sales success. It further widened the gap between Vauxhall and rival products from Austin Rover, although the combined sales of ARG's Rover 200 and Austin Maestro ranges were often at least a match for the Astra's total sales.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: The MK4 Astra was, by 2001, the second best selling car in Britain overall, behind the Ford Focus. Combined sales of Opel and Vauxhall Astra G made it the 26th most popular car in the world, with a total production of 3,799,015.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: The MK5 was the most successful version of the Astra. It was Britain's second-best selling car in 2005, 2006 and 2007, further narrowing the gap between itself and the market–leading Ford Focus.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: In March 2009, nearly 2,500,000 Astras had been sold over five generations since its launch 30 years earlier, making it the fourth most popular car ever sold in Britain, with 90,641 sold in 2009.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: For 2010, it was Britain's second-best selling new car with 80,646 sold. It was only outsold by the smaller Ford Fiesta, and finally managed to outsell the Ford Focus, and end Ford's lead of the small family car market after 37 years. Sales were down to 62,575 in 2011, becoming the fifth most popular new car in Britain.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: The Astra has been used in auto racing around the globe, in particular in touring car racing. Its highest success were achieved in the British Touring Car Championship (see BTC-T Vauxhall Astra Coupe). The Astra Coupe replaced the Vectra in the BTCC after the regulations changed in 2001 and immediately became a successful car in British Touring Car Championship taking both first and second in the drivers championship in 2001 with Jason Plato, 2002 with James Thompson, 2003 with Yvan Muller & 2004 with James Thompson. The Astra Coupe was able to also take the Teams and Manufacturers Championships at the same time between 2001 and 2004. During its 4 years in the hands of the works VXRacing team it was almost invincible taking 61 wins. After 2004, it was decided that Vauxhall would retire the Astra Coupe and move on to the Mark 5 Astra Sport Hatch for the next two years. Due to the reliability and speed of the Astra Coupe, they were used by many independent teams such as GA Motorsport, Collards Motorsport, Thurlby Motors and Arkas Racing for the next few years with one car entered this year by Martin Johnson. The newer cars struggled to match the coupe's pace and were beaten by the Hondas and SEATs on many occasions. Yvan Muller was runner-up and Colin Turkington sixth in 2005. In 2006 Yvan Muller moved to the World Touring Car Championship while Colin Turkington moved back to MG. They were replaced by Fabrizio Giovanardi who finished fifth overall and gave Vauxhall its 100th BTCC win, Gavin Smith seventh and Tom Chilton eighth. For 2007, VX Racing dropped the Astra in favour of the Vectra C and reduced to two cars. Fabrizio Giovanardi and Tom Chilton drove for the team in 2007.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: The BTC-T Vauxhall Astra Coupe was a car that won 25 out of 26 races in the 2001 British Touring Car Championship season. The Astra 4S finished fourth in the final round of the 1986 British Rally Championship.


title: Vauxhall Astra

text: The Vauxhall Astra VXR won the Best Sporting Car from the Scottish Car of the Year 2012 held at Glasgow on 14 October 2012.


title: Astraea

text: Astraea, Astrea or Astria (; "star-maiden" or "starry night"), in ancient Greek religion, is a daughter of Astraeus and Eos. She is the virgin goddess of justice, innocence, purity and precision. She is closely associated with the Greek goddess of justice, Dike (daughter of Zeus and Themis). She is not to be confused with Asteria, the goddess of the stars and the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe. The main belt asteroid 5 Astraea is named after her, and her name was also suggested for the planet Uranus.


title: Astraea

text: Astraea, the celestial virgin, was the last of the immortals to live with humans during the Golden Age, one of the old Greek religion's five deteriorating Ages of Man. In the Iron Age, the world was illegally rampant. People only coveted gold, while family and friends did not trust each other. According to Ovid, Astraea abandoned the earth during the Iron Age. Fleeing from the new wickedness of humanity, she ascended to heaven to become the constellation Virgo. The nearby constellation Libra reflected her symbolic association with Dike, who in Latin culture as Justitia is said to preside over the constellation. In the tarot, the 8th card (or 11th, depending on the Tarot system followed), Justice, with a figure of Justitia, can thus be considered related to the figure of Astraea on historical iconographic grounds.


title: Astraea

text: According to myth, Astraea will one day come back to Earth, bringing with her the return of the utopian Golden Age of which she was the ambassador.


title: Astraea

text: Astraea's hoped-for return was referred to in a phrase from Virgil's "Eclogue" 4: """" ("Astraea returns, returns old Saturn's reign").


title: Astraea

text: During the European Renaissance, Astraea became associated with the general spirit of renewal of culture occurring at that time, particularly in England, where she became poetically identified in literature with the figure of Queen Elizabeth I as the virgin Queen reigning over a new Golden Age. In Spain, she was often identified with the rule of Philip IV. The French author Honoré d'Urfé wrote a very popular serial novel called "L'Astrée", whose titular heroine is named after Astraea, which was published serially between 1607 and 1627 with each installment very much anticipated by the aristocratic public at the time; Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Confessions" (p. 160 Penguin Classics) notes it as one of the novels read with his father and says it "was the one that recurred most frequently to my mind". A spectacle play by the Count of Villamediana and thirteen dramas by Pedro Calderón de la Barca introduce a character named Astraea to highlight the political and astrological concerns. In Russia, Astraea was identified first with Elizabeth, then with Catherine the Great.


title: Astraea

text: The English epic poet Edmund Spenser further embellished this myth at the opening of Book V of "The Faerie Queene" (1596), where he claims that Astraea left behind "" called Talus. William Shakespeare refers to Astraea in "Titus Andronicus", and also in "Henry VI, Part 1". In his most famous play, "Life Is a Dream", Calderón has a character named Rosaura (an anagram for "dawns") take on the name of Astraea at Court. This may be a laudatory political allusion to the dawn of a new Golden Age under Philip IV/Segismundo.


title: Astraea

text: John Dryden's poem "Astraea Redux" is titled to compare the return of Charles II to England at the end of Interregnum to the return of Astraea.


title: Astraea

text: Astraea is also referenced in John Milton's epic poem "Paradise Lost", in Book IV between lines 990 and 1000. When Satan is discovered in the Garden of Eden and brought before the Angel Gabriel, the two are on the verge of war.


title: Astraea

text: The British writer Aphra Behn used "Astrea" as one of her code-names while working as a spy for King Charles II. She subsequently used the name "Astrea" to identify the speaker in many of her poems, and was herself referred to as "The Incomparable Astrea".


title: Astraea

text: The goddess's return forms the framing device of Delarivier Manley's 1709 satire "The New Atalantis". Astrea is the one of the three allegorical female narrators.


title: Astraea

text: James Thornhill depicted Astraea in the painted Hall of the Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich, in a mural portraying the accession of the House of Hanover as the return of the Golden Age.


title: Our Kind of People

text: Our Kind of People is an American drama television series that premiered on Fox on September 21, 2021, as a fall entry during the 2021–22 television season. The series, created by Karin Gist and Wendy Calhoun, is inspired by the 1999 book of the same name by Lawrence Otis Graham. The final episode aired on January 25, 2022; in May 2022, the series was cancelled after one season.


title: Our Kind of People

text: Set in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts, the series follows the rich and powerful Black elites as they come to play and summer as they did for over 5 decades. However, this summer, Angela Vaughn, a strong-willed single mother, sets out to regain her family's name after it was damaged by rumors and a shocking revelation, while simultaneously attempting to make an impact with her groundbreaking hair care line that accentuates the underlying natural beauty of Black women, but she soon discovers a dark secret about her own mother's history that will turn her world upside down and shake up this community forever. The show takes a thrilling exploration of race and class in America and an unapologetic celebration of Black resilience and achievement.


title: Our Kind of People

text: In September 2017, it was announced that an adaptation of Lawrence Otis Graham's 1999 book "Our Kind of People: Inside America's Black Upper Class", pitched by Wendy Calhoun was in development at Fox. In August 2019, writing on the series was taken over by Lee Daniels and Karen Gist. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 resulted in the series being pushed to off-cycle development. In September 2020, it was confirmed that a writer's room had been opened for the series and that the series was in contention for a straight-to-series order for the 2021–22 season. On March 29, 2021, the project was officially handed a series order by Fox. The opening theme for the series, ""Our Kind of People"," is performed by independent recording artist Tinashe. On May 13, 2022, Fox canceled the series after one season.


title: Our Kind of People

text: On May 12, 2021, Yaya DaCosta was the first to be cast in the series, in the role of Angela Vaughn. She was joined the following week by Morris Chestnut, in the role of Raymond Dupont. At the end of May 2021, Alana Bright was cast in a starring role.


title: Our Kind of People

text: In June 2021, LeToya Luckett, Rhyon Nicole Brown, Joe Morton, Kyle Bary, and Lance Gross were cast in a starring roles while Debbi Morgan and L. Scott Caldwell were cast in recurring roles. In July 2021, Nadine Ellis joined the cast in a recasting, replacing Luckett. In August 2021, Raven Goodwin and Nicole Chanel Williams were cast in recurring roles. In October 2021, Melissa De Sousa and McKinley Freeman joined the cast in recurring capacities.


title: Our Kind of People

text: Principal photography for the series began on July 7, 2021, and concluded on November 24, 2021, in Wilmington, North Carolina.


title: Our Kind of People

text: The series premiered on September 21, 2021, as a Tuesday night entry at 9 p.m. on Fox after the hit drama "The Resident". On July 27, 2021, Fox released the first official teaser for the series.


title: Our Kind of People

text: In Canada, the series airs on CTV in a simulcast with Fox. It has been dumped to CTV 2 after 2 episodes due to low ratings. The series also premiered with the first 3 episodes on Disney+ via the streaming hub Star as an original series in selected countries. In Latin America, the series premiered as a Star+ original. In India, the series streams on Disney+ Hotstar, with episodes being made available the day after their U.S. broadcast.


title: Our Kind of People

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 33% approval rating with an average rating of 6.1/10, based on 12 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, ""Our Kind of People" has its share of soapy seductions, but overly familiar plots and a general lack of tension strand an attractive cast in a beautifully empty drama." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 53 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: Yuusuke Yotsuya, Iu Shindo, and Kusue Hakozaki were transported by a mysterious half-faced creature to do his play, asking them quests to complete the game within the duration. As bonus, they are almost set as immortals, respawning after they die, if at least one of them survives until the time limit expires.


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: The trio were joined by 3 people, Yuka Yukitate, Keita Torii and Glenda Carter. They are doing missions and after passing it, they return to real life, but after the next quest appears, they return to the world, with few years passed since.


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: The mysterious creature, answers any questions they ask after every quest finished. And revealed that they were playing in countless alternate worlds and alternating sequences.


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: "I'm Standing on a Million Lives" is written by Naoki Yamakawa and illustrated by Akinari Nao. The series began in Kodansha's "Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine" on June 9, 2016. Kodansha has collected its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was released on October 7, 2016. As of October 7, 2022, fifteen volumes have been released.


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: In North America, the series is licensed for English release by Kodansha USA, who releases both in digital (since July 3, 2018) and print (May 28, 2019) formats.


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: An anime television series adaptation was announced on March 3, 2020. It was produced by Maho Film and directed by Kumiko Habara, with Takao Yoshioka writing the scripts, Eri Kojima and Toshihide Masudate designing the characters, and Ken Ito composing the music. The series aired from October 2 to December 18, 2020, on Tokyo MX and other channels. Kanako Takatsuki performed the opening theme song "Anti world", while Liyuu performed the ending theme song "Carpe Diem." The series ran for 12 episodes. The anime is licensed by Crunchyroll for streaming outside of Asia. In Southeast Asia and South Asia, Medialink licensed the anime and streamed it on its Ani-One YouTube channel and iQIYI.


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: On December 18, 2020, shortly after the first season's finale aired, a second season was announced and aired from July 10 to September 25, 2021. VTuber Kaede Higuchi performed the second season's opening theme song "Baddest", while Kanako Takatsuki performed the second season's ending theme song "Subversive".


title: I'm Standing on a Million Lives

text: A novel adaptation written by Sawako Kobayashi and illustrated by Nao was published by Kodansha on July 9, 2021.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz (; 9 November 1894 – 5 November 1966) was a German general. Sometimes referred to as the Saviour of Paris, he served in the Wehrmacht (armed forces) of Nazi Germany during World War II, as well as serving in the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic, and the Royal Saxon Army during World War I.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Born into an aristocratic Prussian family with a long history of military service, Choltitz joined the army at a young age and saw service on the Western Front during the First World War (1914–1918). He rose to the rank of "Leutnant" by the end of the war and was active in the interwar period helping Germany rebuild its armed forces. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, he was serving in Gerd von Rundstedt's Army Group South. In May 1940, Choltitz participated in the Battle of Rotterdam, making an air landing and seizing some of the city's key bridges.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Choltitz is chiefly remembered for his role as the last commander of Nazi-occupied Paris in 1944, when he allegedly disobeyed Adolf Hitler's orders to destroy the city, and instead surrendered it to Free French forces when they entered the city on 25 August. Choltitz later asserted that his defiance of Hitler's direct order stemmed from its obvious military futility, his affection for the French capital's history and culture, and his belief that Hitler had by then become insane. Other sources suggest that he had little control of the city thanks to the operations of the resistance, and could not have carried out such orders.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Choltitz was born Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz on 9 November 1894, in his family's castle in Gräflich Wiese (now Łąka Prudnicka, Poland) in the province of Silesia, from Neustadt (now Prudnik), in the Kingdom of Prussia, then part of the German Empire. He was a son of Hans von Choltitz (1865–1935), who was a major of the Prussian Army, and his German wife Gertrud von Rosenberg. He had two brothers named Hans and Job. He came from a Moravian-Silesian noble family of Sedlnitzky von Choltitz (Odrowąż coat of arms). His uncle Hermann von Choltitz was a governor of Landkreis Neustadt O.S. from 1907 to 1920. His family owned a forest between Prudnik and Niemysłowice.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: He joined the 8. Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Johann Georg Nr. 107 of the Royal Saxon Army as a "Fähnrich" (officer candidate) just months before the First World War broke out. His unit served on the Western Front, where he fought in the First Battle of the Marne, the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme, and the Battle of St. Quentin (1914). He was promoted to "Leutnant" and became Adjutant of the regiment's third Battalion within a year of joining.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: After World War I he returned to Prudnik, where on 20 August 1929 he married Huberta (1902–2001), the daughter of General of the Cavalry Otto von Garnier. The couple had two daughters, Maria Angelika (1930–2016) and Anna Barbara (born 1936), and a son, Timo (born 1944). He was transferred to the riding school in Soltau, as a rider he successfully participated in domestic and international riding competitions.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: He remained in the "Reichswehr" during the Weimar Republic, becoming a cavalry captain in 1929. Promoted to Major in 1937, he was made commander of third battalion, "Infanterie-Regiment 16 "Oldenburg"", a part of 22. Luftlande-Division. In 1938 he was promoted again, this time to "Oberstleutnant" (lieutenant-colonel) .


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: On 18 August 1939, in preparation for "Fall Weiss" (Case White) – the German invasion of Poland – Choltitz was appointed the commander of the 16th Air Landing Regiment in Sagan (now Żagań, Poland).


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: After the Battle of Łódź, on 12 September 1939 his regiment was transported to the airport in Łódź by the transport aircraft Junkers Ju 52.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: On 15 September, the regiment was temporarily assigned to the 10th Infantry Division. It participated in the Battle of the Bzura, during which Choltitz was wounded. On September 19, he captured 3,000 Polish soldiers and a large amount of military equipment.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: In May 1940, he participated in the Battle of Rotterdam, making an air landing and seizing some of the city's key bridges. Choltitz, the commander of the 3rd Battalion of the 16th Air Landing Regiment, began to organize his troops after landing them at Waalhaven Air Force Base. He sent them to the bridges in Rotterdam. The Dutch had not stationed many soldiers in the southern part of the city. One unit was made up of butchers and bakers and about 90 infantrymen, the latter being reinforced by riflemen who had withdrawn from the airfield. The Dutch troops hid in houses that were on the route to the bridges. There they ambushed the approaching German troops. Both sides suffered casualties. The Germans managed to bring up a PaK anti-tank gun. The Dutch had to yield under the ever-increasing pressure. The German force then moved on to the bridges, quickly followed by the bulk of 9th Company of the 16th Air Landing Regiment.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Meanwhile, the staff of 3rd Battalion of the 16th Air Landing Regiment had run into the Dutch in the square. "Oberstleutnant" von Choltitz′s adjutant took charge of an assault on the Dutch position but was mortally wounded in the process. When the Germans looked for another route to the bridges to bypass the Dutch stronghold, they managed to find a wedge that advance troops had created along the quays. It was at about 09:00 when the bulk of the 3rd Battalion made contact with the defenders of the bridges.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Although the Dutch did not regain control of the city, the Germans were suffering from continuous assaults on their positions. Casualties mounted up on both sides and the German command grew increasingly worried over the status of their 500 men in the heart of Rotterdam. "Oberstleutnant" von Choltitz was allowed by "Generalleutnant" Kurt Student to withdraw his men from the northern pocket should he consider the operational situation required it.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: When Captain Backer was being escorted back by "Oberstleutnant" von Choltitz to the Maas bridges, German bombers appeared from the south. General Schmidt, who was joined by the two Generals von Hubicki and Student, saw the planes and cried out "My God, this is going to be a catastrophe!"


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Panic struck German soldiers on the Noordereiland, most of which were totally unaware of the events being played out between the top brass of both sides. They feared being attacked by their own bombers. Von Choltitz ordered red flares to be launched, and when the first three bombers overhead dropped their bombs the red flares were obscured by smoke. The next 24 bombers of the southern formation closed their bomb hatches and turned westwards.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: After the bombardment of Rotterdam, during a meeting with the Dutch discussing the terms of surrender of all Dutch forces in Rotterdam, "Generalleutnant" Kurt Student was shot in the head. Student was very popular with his troops and when the German forces moved to execute surrendering Dutch officers in reprisal Choltitz intervened and was able to prevent the massacre. His actions during the assault on Rotterdam earned him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. In September of the same year, he was given command of the regiment, and the following spring was made Oberst (colonel).


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: At the start of Operation Barbarossa, Choltitz's regiment was based in Romania, advancing as part of Army Group South into Ukraine. His route led through Bessarabia, he crosses the Dnieper river on 30 August 1941, and at the end of October he fought his way to the Crimea.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: As part of Erich von Manstein's 11th Army, the regiment fought in the siege of Sevastopol. The siege was bloody for his regiment, which was reduced from 4,800 men to just 349.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: During the harsh winter at the turn of 1941 and 1942, von Choltitz struggled with heart problems and began to show symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Promoted to "Generalmajor" soon after, he was made acting commander of 260th Infantry division in 1942. He was then promoted to "Generalleutnant" the following year and given command of 11th Panzer Division, which he led during the Battle of Kursk.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: In March 1944, Choltitz was transferred to the Italian theatre of operations, where he was made deputy commander of LXXVI Panzer Corps and participated in the Battle of Anzio and Monte Cassino. Transferred to the Western Front in June 1944, he took command of LXXXIV Army Corps, which he commanded against the Allied breakout from Normandy.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: On 1 August 1944, Choltitz was promoted to "General der Infanterie", and on 7 August was appointed the military governor of Paris, making him "commander of a besieged stronghold". Arriving on 8 August, he set up headquarters in the Hotel Meurice on the Rue De Rivoli, and found few resources at his disposal, and only 20,000 troops, mostly unmotivated conscripts.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: On 15 August 1944, the Paris police went on strike, followed on 19 August by a general insurrection led by the French Communist Party. The German garrison under Choltitz fought back but was far too small to quell the uprising, and they lost control of many public buildings, many roads were blocked, and German vehicles and communications were damaged. With the help of the Swedish consul-general in Paris, Raoul Nordling, a ceasefire was brokered with the insurgents on 20 August, but many Resistance groups did not accept it, and a series of skirmishes continued on the next day.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: On the 23 August, Hitler gave the order to destroy the city by cable: ""Paris must not pass into the enemy's hands, except as a field of ruins"." (""Paris darf nicht oder nur als Trümmerfeld in die Hand des Feindes fallen""), after which explosives were laid at various bridges and monuments (which later had to be de-mined).


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: With the arrival of Allied troops on the edge of the city at dawn the next day on the 24th, Choltitz made the decision not to destroy the city, and on 25 August, surrendered the German garrison, not to the Supreme Allied Command, but rather to representatives of the provisional government, the Free French. Because Hitler's directive was not carried out, Choltitz is often seen as the "Saviour of Paris".


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Hitler did not completely give up on the destruction, with the Luftwaffe conducting an incendiary bombing raid on August 26, and V2 rockets fired from Belgium, causing extensive damage.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: The events leading up to the surrender were the subject of a 1951 memoir written by General von Choltitz (published in French in the 1960s as "From Sevastopol to Paris: A soldier among the soldiers" ) where he took credit for disobeying Hitler's orders and saving Paris because of its obvious military futility, his affection for the French capital's history and culture, and his belief that Hitler had by then become insane, and his version of events were the basis for the 1965 book and 1966 film, "Is Paris Burning?" (repeated as factual in many sources, and a 2019 publication). His motivation not to destroy the city may have been made in part because it was a futile and destructive gesture, but also in order to ensure his better treatment after capitulation.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: The memoirs also state that he was persuaded to spare the city in part by an all-night meeting with Nordling on the night of 24 August. This event was depicted in the 2014 film "Diplomacy" in which Nordling persuades Choltitz to spare the city in return for a pledge to protect his family, which was reported as factual following the publication of his memoirs in some newspaper stories, but lacks any corroboration. He did hold several meetings with Nordling, along with the president of the municipal council, Pierre Taittinger, hoping to limit the bloodshed and damage to the city, and which led to the release of some political prisoners.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Choltitz was held for the remainder of the war at Trent Park, in north London, with other senior German officers. Choltitz later was transferred to Camp Clinton in Mississippi. No specific charges were ever filed against him, and he was released from captivity in 1947. In 1956 he visited his wartime headquarters at the Hôtel Meurice in Paris. Reportedly the long-time head barman of the hotel recognized the short, rotund man with "impossibly correct posture" wandering around the bar as if in a daze. After the manager of the hotel met him in the bar, he asked to see his old room. After seeing his old quarters for no more than fifteen minutes, Choltitz declined the manager's offer of champagne and left the hotel to meet with Pierre Taittinger.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Choltitz died on 5 November 1966 from a longstanding war illness (pulmonary emphysema) in the city hospital of Baden-Baden. Four days later, he was buried at the city cemetery of Baden-Baden in the presence of high-ranking French officers, including colonels Wagner (Military Commander of Baden-Baden), Ravinel, and Omézon. Baden-Baden was the French headquarters in Germany after the end of the Second World War.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Choltitz was the last German owner of the castle in Łąka Prudnicka. In 2016 his son, Timo, tried to get it back during his visit in Prudnik, but without success.


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: During his internment in Trent Park many of the officers’ private conversations were secretly recorded by the British in the hope that they might reveal strategic information. In one such conversation, on 29 August 1944, Choltitz was quoted as saying "The worst job I ever carried out - which however I carried out with great consistency - was the liquidation of the Jews. I carried out this thoroughly and entirely." Randall Hansen says that there is a lack of corroboration but that since many German generals committed atrocities it is possible, even probable, that Choltitz ordered the massacre of Jews. He observed that "it is easier to believe that Choltitz was the sort of unreflective anti-Semite that one would expect, given his age, class and profession." Selected transcripts were dramatized in the History Channel 5-part series "The Wehrmacht" (2008). In the episode "The Crimes", General von Choltitz is quoted as saying in October 1944,


title: Dietrich von Choltitz

text: Choltitz was mentioned as a General of Paris in the "" video game. He appeared as one of the Germany military leaders in a grand strategy video game "Hearts of Iron III".


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: This Doraemon anime series is sometimes referred to in Asia as the Mizuta Edition (水田版), after Wasabi Mizuta, the voice actress who voices Doraemon in this series.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: The anime is licensed by Viz Media for broadcast rights only. An English dub produced by Bang Zoom! Entertainment aired on Disney XD in the USA as "Doraemon: Gadget Cat From the Future" from July 7, 2014 until May 12, 2017. A second season of the English dub premiered on Disney XD on June 15, 2015 and ended on September 1 of the same year.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: TV Asahi currently holds distribution and licensing rights to Doraemon. However, they mentioned that due to the show's success in India, they would be continuing their contract with Disney Channel India for Doraemon to air in India. Doraemon is also streaming on Disney+ Hotstar. They also noted the show's success in Spain, Portugal, and the rest of Europe.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: Although the series is more faithful to the original manga, some changes were made. Many of the episodes that adapted chapters from the manga were extended to have a better conclusion or a good moral to the story. In addition, some elements from the manga were toned down. Some examples include all of Doraemon's gadgets that resembled medicine being changed to different appliances, and Nobita's dad (who smoked often in the manga) rarely smoked.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: The voice actors to the five main characters, Doraemon, Nobita, Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo, were chosen from a pool of 590 applicants. TV Asahi stated in 2005 that they chose voice actors who sounded similar to the voice actors of the predecessor, so that there would not be a significant change from the original cast to the new cast.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: All mini corners, partners, and next episodes previews in all episodes are cut to fit for the 30-minute block in international versions, except for Hong Kong, which are cut to fit for the 15-minute block in its time-slot. Since May 1, 2009, the series airs in high definition. In July 2017, the show got overhauled visually to use more vivid colors, which includes the use of poster artwork. As of 2019, the show now airs on Saturday nights alongside a new theme song.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: A US English dub of the 2005 series produced by Fujiko F. Fujio Pro, TV Asahi, Bang Zoom! Entertainment, and distributed by Viz Media had aired on Disney XD since July 7, 2014 under the name "Doraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future". In Australia, it started airing on 26 January 2015 on Network Ten. Later it moved in Australia to Boomerang. In Canada, it briefly aired on Disney XD's Canadian feed before being re-branded as "Family CHRGD". The dub features veteran anime voice actress Mona Marshall in the title role of Doraemon and Johnny Yong Bosch as Nobita (known in the dub as "Noby").


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: The English dub has been heavily modified to meet American broadcasting guidelines, censoring content deemed inappropriate for American children, as well as replacing many Japanese cultural elements with American cultural elements. Some modifications include Americanized character and gadget name changes from the English version of the manga, an episode order completely different from the Japanese episode order, nudity being heavily censored by adding steam, cloud effects, or clothing, and some episodes having several minutes of footage cut. However, certain uniquely Japanese characteristics - such as house structure, kneeling on the floor to eat, the side where cars drive, and Nobisuke Nobi (Toby Nobi)'s kimono - remain. Japanese food featured throughout the series were also localized: while Doraemon's favorite food, dorayaki, was kept in but referred as "yummy buns", others were edited out and replaced with Western equivalents, such as omurice becoming pancakes. All the background music and sound effects were replaced with new background music and sound effects deemed "easier for American children to emphasize with".


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: At least one character's personality was also partially rewritten. Shizuka (renamed Sue in the English dub) is portrayed as more tomboyish and athletic than the Japanese version, although her sweet nature and kind personality were not changed. This is reportedly because her traditionally Japanese habits were perceived as being difficult for American children to understand in test viewings of the Japanese version.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: It was announced that the American version would be re-imported to Japan and aired on Disney Channel Japan starting on February 1, 2016. The network also provides an alternative re-recorded Japanese dub of the version as a secondary audio feed.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: Doraemon is a cat-like robot from the future who appears in the present to steer Nobita Nobi, an unintelligent, naive and clumsy boy, on the right path in order to secure his future. Nobita's best friend and love interest is Shizuka Minamoto. His frenemies are Takeshi Goda and Suneo Honekawa.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: These include three dubs. So far, there are two notable English dubs: Bang Zoom's American English dub and Red Angel Media's British English dub, which aired on Boomerang. However, the British English dub did not receive any proper distribution.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: The series features new opening themes, except for the first one. Most of the international versions of the series only use the third opening theme and their own endings.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: The American dub uses its own unique opening sequence that compiles footage from the Japanese version. To explain the premise of the story, a narration by Doraemon about "why he came from the future" is utilized rather than an actual opening theme. The ending theme is an instrumental played over scenes from the third Japanese opening theme.


title: Doraemon (2005 TV series)

text: Since the series incorporates all the credits into the opening theme, an ending theme is primarily absent. However, some episodes use an ending theme.


title: Musketeer

text: A musketeer () was a type of soldier equipped with a musket. Musketeers were an important part of early modern warfare particularly in Europe as they normally comprised the majority of their infantry. The musketeer was a precursor to the rifleman. Muskets were replaced by rifles as the almost universal firearm for modern armies during the period 1850 to 1860. The traditional designation of "musketeer" for an infantry private survived in the Imperial German Army until World War I.


title: Musketeer

text: The hand cannon was invented in China in the 12th century and was in widespread use there in the 13th century. It spread westward across Asia during the 14th century. Arquebusiers and musketeers were utilized in the armies of the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing dynasties (1644–1911). Zhao Shizhen's book of 1598 AD, the "Shenqipu", contains illustrations of Ottoman Turkish and European musketeers together with detailed diagrams of their muskets. There was also an illustration and description of how the Chinese had adopted the Ottoman kneeling position when firing, while favoring the use of European-made muskets. The Chinese also built the first repeating firearm: several barrels behind a small wooden shield. The musketeer would turn these barrels lighting each barrel with a slow match one by one. These weapons were most effective when fired from walls or high positions. Needham considered this weapon to be a "primitive machine-gun".


title: Musketeer

text: Muskets were first introduced in Central-Asia under the Timurid dynasty, being used by the first Mughal emperor Babur in the first Battle of Panipat 1526 CE. The weapon became an integral part of Indian warfare from the 16th century onward, mainly from the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. It was used as an effective defense against war elephants. The Mughals, Marathas, Rajputs, Sikhs and Ahoms made use of musketeers, firing from cover, to ambush opposing infantry, cavalry and elephants. Many Indian gunsmiths created matchlock muskets for the Mughal infantry plus some combination weapons.


title: Musketeer

text: In the Spanish army, the "tercio" or the "Spanish square" was a mixed infantry formation that theoretically could number up to 3,000 pikemen, swordsmen and musketeers; although, on the battlefield, it was usually much smaller. It was effective in its era, capitalizing on the close-quarter impact of the pike combined with the long-range projectile capabilities of the musket. It resembled a loosely formed phalanx in function, but was far more flexible and deadly. Musketeers were developed by the Spanish in response to heavily armored knights. An arquebus wasn't powerful enough to take down an armored knight but a wall gun could. Spanish field commanders wanted to bring the firepower of a small wall gun onto the battlefield yet have it be as maneuverable as an arquebus. The solution was a bigger arquebus but the additional weight made it extremely difficult to support the barrel during aiming & firing; hence, the musket rest, the precursor to the monopod. Furthermore, musketeers were the first infantry to give up armor entirely. Other than the musket rest, the musketeer's equipage was upgraded from a powder flask to a bandolier. Due to the difficulty in manipulating the musket rest and strength needed to handle the heavier gun, musketeers were stronger men and paid more than the rest of the infantry.


title: Musketeer

text: The Musketeers of the Guard were a junior unit, initially of roughly company strength, of the military branch of the Royal Household or "Maison du Roi". They were created in 1622 when Louis XIII furnished a company of light cavalry (the "carabiniers", created by Louis' father Henry IV) with muskets. Musketeers fought in battle both on foot as infantry and on horseback as dragoons. At the Battle of Fontenoy in 1745 the King's Musketeers served as regular cavalry, charging British infantry with drawn swords.


title: Musketeer

text: As one of the junior units in the Royal Guard, the Musketeers were not closely linked to the royal family. Traditional bodyguard duties were in fact performed by the Garde du Corps and the Cent-suisses. Because of its later establishment, the Musketeers were open to the lower classes of French nobility or younger sons from noble families whose oldest sons served in the more prestigious Garde du Corps and Chevau-legers (Light Horse). The Musketeers, many of them still teenagers, soon gained a reputation for unruly behaviour and fighting spirit.


title: Musketeer

text: Their high esprit de corps gained royal favor for the Musketeers and they were frequently seen at court and in Paris. Shortly after their creation, Cardinal Richelieu created a bodyguard


title: Musketeer

text: unit for himself. So as not to offend the king with a perceived sense of self-importance, Richelieu did not name them Garde du Corps like the king's personal guards but rather Musketeers after the Kings' junior guard cavalry. This was the start of a bitter rivalry between the two corps of Musketeers. At the cardinal's death in 1642, the company passed to his successor Cardinal Mazarin. At Mazarin's death in 1661, the cardinal's Musketeers passed to Louis XIV to the disgust of both the King's Musketeers and the Cardinal's Musketeers. The Musketeers were subsequently reorganized as a guard cavalry regiment of two companies. The King's Musketeers became the first company, popularly known as "Grey Musketeers" ("mousquetaires gris"), while the Cardinal's Musketeers became the second company, known as "Black Musketeers" ("mousquetaires noirs") for riding grey and black horses, respectively. From their establishment, the musketeers wore blue cloak-like cassocks, lined with red and edged with silver embroidery. From 1688, the cassocks were replaced by smaller "soubrevestes" or sleeveless coats in the same colours. In the early decades of the corps, the musketeers had worn civilian dress under their cassocks, according to personal taste and means, but in 1677 a scarlet uniform was adopted.


title: Musketeer

text: In terms of recruitment, entry into the Musketeers was much sought after by those sons of the aristocracy who did not possess the quarterings of nobility required for the Garde du Corps and Chevau-legers. These two senior guard units were closed to all but the highest ranking and wealthy noble families. Accordingly for lesser gentry, or ambitious commoners, service in the Musketeers was the only way to join a mounted unit in the royal household and perhaps catch the King's eye. However, enlistment did require both letters of recommendation and evidence that a recruit had the family means to support the costs of service. These included the provision of horses, swords, clothing, a servant and equipment. Only the musket, the sleeveless soubreveste and the distinctive blue cassock were provided by the monarch.


title: Musketeer

text: In 1776, the Musketeers were disbanded by Louis XVI for budgetary reasons. Following the first Bourbon Restoration, the Musketeers were reestablished on 6 July 1814 along with the other military units of the former royal household. These expensive and aristocratic regiments proved ineffective when Napoleon returned from Elba, mostly dispersing, though some accompanied Louis XVIII into brief exile. Following the second restoration of the monarchy, the Musketeers were finally disbanded on 31 December 1815.


title: Musketeer

text: Decades later, starting in 1844, this group was the subject of the now-famous serial publication "The Three Musketeers", first published in the magazine "Le Siècle" between March and July 1844. The author, Alexandre Dumas, père, based his work on the book "Mémoires de Monsieur d'Artagnan, capitaine lieutenant de la première compagnie des Mousquetaires du Roi" ("Memoirs of Mister d'Artagnan, lieutenant captain of the first company of the King's Musketeers") by Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras (Cologne, 1700), a fictionalized account of the life of Charles de Batz de Castelmore d'Artagnan (c. 1611–1673). Other musketeers served as inspirations for some of the other characters. Isaac de Porthau (1617–1712) was the inspiration for Dumas's character Porthos. Jean-Armand du Peyrer, Comte de Troisville (1598–1672), was fictionalized as Monsieur de Tréville.


title: Musketeer

text: Thanks to the reforms of Gustav II Adolf, the Swedish Army brought to maturity the new style of fighting that made Sweden into a great power in the 17th century. This style of fighting became the new standard throughout Europe and its colonies in the latter stages of musket dominated warfare. Manuals based on Gustav's own revolutionised the training and tactics of western armies.


title: Musketeer

text: The iconic "Redcoat" of the British Empire was the staple unit in the British armies that created the largest empire in history. The British infantryman was equipped with the .75 calibre Land Pattern Musket, or Brown Bess. He was well trained by the standards of the time, training with live ammunition. A fully trained redcoat could fire four times a minute. This, combined with the technique of firing by companies (a method wherein blocks of men fired smaller volleys in succession, creating a wave of fire down the front of the regiment), made it possible for the British musketeer to win pitched battles against superior numbers.


title: Musketeer

text: The term "musketeer" was rarely used in the titles of regiments. Examples include the 106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers), the 110th Regiment of Foot (Queen's Royal Musqueteers) and the 112th Regiment of Foot (King's Royal Musqueteers), all raised and disbanded in the 1760s.


title: Musketeer

text: The musket was withdrawn from service with the British Army in 1854, replaced by the muzzle-loading Minié rifle, which had an accurate range of over three times that of the Brown Bess which it replaced.


title: Musketeer

text: The Janissary corps of the Ottoman army were using matchlock muskets as early as the 1440s. The Ottoman Empire, centering on Turkey and extending into Balkans, Arabia and North Africa used muskets to conquer Constantinople (modern Istanbul) and were one of the earliest users of muskets in a military conflict. It also utilized large cannons, including the Great Turkish Bombard.


title: Musketeer

text: Streltsy () were the units of Russian guardsmen (sl. "strelets", стрелец. literally "shooter"; often translated as "musketeer", but more properly "harquebuses") from the 16th to the early 18th centuries, armed with firearms and halberds. They are also collectively known as "Strelets Troops" (Стрелецкое Войско).


title: Musketeer

text: The first streltsy units were created by Ivan the Terrible sometime between 1545 and 1550 and armed with the arquebus. They first saw combat at the Siege of Kazan in 1552. Military service in this unit became lifelong and hereditary. The bearded strelsty were organized into regiments, each with a long coat ("kaftans") and pointed cloth hat of a distinctive colour. By 1680, there were 20 regiments of Moscow streltsy totaling 20,048 men and comprising about 12 per cent of the total army (along with cossacks, militia and an increasing number of regular soldiers). In addition, there were significant numbers of frontier and garrison streltsy serving outside Moscow, although these were less formally drilled and equipped.


title: Musketeer

text: The Muscovite government was chronically short of cash so that the streltsy were often not paid well. While "entitled" to something like four rubles a year in the 1550s, they were often allowed to farm or trade in order to supplement their incomes. Textiles for clothing and foodstuffs were sometimes issued as part of their pay. A commander of one hundred musketeers ("sotnik") received up to 20 roubles a year and a regimental head ("streletski golova") between 30 and 60.


title: Musketeer

text: In the late 17th century, the Streltsy of Moscow began to actively participate in a struggle for power between different government groups, supporting dissidents and showing hostility towards any foreign innovations.


title: Musketeer

text: After the fall of Sophia Alekseyevna in 1689, the government of Peter the Great engaged in a process of gradual limitation of the streltsy's military and political influence. In order to counter their power, Peter began to raise a new regular army, still armed with muskets but disciplined, uniformed and organised along West European lines. In spite of these measures, the streltsy revolted yet again while Peter was on his Great Embassy in Europe. The four regiments involved were disbanded and 1,200 of the mutineers were executed. The remainder were exiled, had their property confiscated and were banned from future military employment. The entire corps was technically abolished in 1689; however, after having suffered a defeat at Narva in 1700, the government retained some streltsy units in service.


title: Musketeer

text: Gradually, the streltsy were incorporated into the regular army. At the same time, the Tsarist government started to disband the Municipal Streltsy. Liquidation of the last streltsy units (by then social rather than military groups) was finally completed by 1728.


title: Musketeer

text: The Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments of the Imperial Guard replaced the streltsy as the political and military force closest to the tsar.


title: Musketeer

text: A small musketeer force was authorized in Kongo mostly made up of the mestiço, who were mixed race Kongolese with Portuguese ancestry. Over 300 musketeers served in the Kongo army against the Portuguese at the Battle of Mbwila in 1665.


title: Musketeer

text: Musketeers were employed into the Wydah army from 1680 AD but they did not completely replace the spearmen, swordsmen and archers. In war, the Musketeers were first to go into action as they fought in the front ranks of the army.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Jai Ho () is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language socio-political action drama film directed and produced by Sohail Khan, with Kishore Lulla of Eros International serving as distributor and co-producer. It is a remake of A. R. Murugadoss's Telugu film "Stalin" (2006) that was itself also inspired from the American-drama film "Pay It Forward". The film stars Salman Khan in the title role with an ensemble cast including Tabu, Daisy Shah, Danny Denzongpa, Aditya Pancholi, Sunil Shetty, Mohnish Bahl, Genelia D'Souza, Pulkit Samrat, Mahesh Thakur, Nadira Babbar among others.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: "Jai Ho" was released on 24 January 2014, during the Republic Day weekend. It received mixed reviews from critics. However, the film grossed at the box office, becoming the sixth highest grossing Bollywood film of 2014


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Jai Agnihotri (Salman Khan) is an ex-army officer who is short-tempered and passionate about helping citizens and fighting criminals. He was a major in the Indian Army, but was suspended after he ignored orders from his superiors by rescuing a group of children from terrorists. After this incident, Jai moved in with his mother and sister Geeta (Tabu). One day, Jai is unable to help Suman (Genelia D'Souza), a physically disabled girl, take an examination while her brother Rohan (Vikas Bhalla) was stuck in a traffic jam. A depressed Suman commits suicide. Jai is greatly disturbed by this incident. With Suman's death fresh in his mind, Jai creates a system that would encourage citizens to help each other. Each day, citizens are to help three people. These three people would in turn help three more people, and so on. Jai believes that this network would foster kindness and a sense of community among the citizens. His system, however, faces challenges.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: On one occasion, for one of his daily good deeds, Jai loses his temper and beats a rich man who had injured a child beggar. In an act of revenge, the rich man employs some men to kidnap Jai's sister Geeta and friend Rinky. Jai is able to save Geeta and Rinky, but injures one of the captors in the process, who happens to be the henchman of a member of the Legislative Assembly named Patil, the son-in-law of the Home Minister Dashrath Singh. Dashrath Singh is not happy that Jai has injured one of Patil's henchmen. He attempts to avenge this injury by kidnapping Jai's nephew Kabir. Dashrath, however, loses Patil out of Jai's rage in the process. Chief Minister Ashok Pradhan (Mohnish Bahl) finds out about Jai's system after his own life is saved by a schoolgirl performing her good deeds for the day. He decides to intervene in the dispute between Dashrath Singh and Jai in an attempt to put an end to their fight. Dashrath Singh, who does not appreciate this intervention, attempts to kill Ashok and frame Jai. However, Jai is able to save Ashok.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Dashrath Singh's son Arjun Singh and his hired men attack Jai, who kills Arjun Singh, but not before the latter is severely injured after getting stabbed by his sister and Patil's widow, Kavita Singh and she being stabbed unknowingly by Arjun. A rickshaw driver and Jai's former colleague, Army Captain Arjun Kaul (Sunil Shetty), together help Jai get to the hospital. While Jai is at the hospital, Dashrath Singh spreads rumours that Jai had attempted to assassinate Ashok. Once he recovers, Ashok reveals that it was Dashrath Singh who was behind the attempted murder and Jai is innocent. An enraged crowd beats Dashrath Singh to near death after hearing the truth. The doctors are able to save Jai, who has survived, thanks to his own help-three-people concept. When Jai emerges from the hospital, He finds thousands of people waiting for him. Jai thanks them all for making his concept a success.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: In late 2012, Sohail Khan announced he planned to remake the Telugu film "Stalin" starring Chiranjeevi and Trisha. Khan originally titled the remake "Mental" then they titled "Vijayi Bhava", but by the time the film was released, it had been re-titled "Jai Ho".


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Shooting for the film was set to begin 27 February 2013 but was postponed until late March. There were rumors that the film would be released in 3D, but Sohail Khan was cited stating, "First, let me complete my film in the normal format. Then I'll take a call".


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Salman Khan unveiled the first look poster of "Jai Ho" on 6 December 2013. The poster consisted of images of thousands of fans digitally merged to create one portrait of Khan. Khan's fans designed this poster. The makers unveiled the film's official teaser on 13 December 2013. The official trailer of the film was released on 3 January 2014.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: "India Today" gave "Jai Ho" a 3 out of 5 and commented that it was a rip off of "Ek Tha Tiger" with mindless action. Anupama Chopra gave the movie a 2.5 out of 5, stating, "Jai Ho" was more of a cartoon than a film.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Raja Sen of Rediff gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, Khan, Bollywood's real-life answer to Derek Zoolander, does his thing like only he can. And the crowd responds. Sitting in a single-screen theatre, the air was filled with shrill, thrilled whistles as soon as the censor certificate hit the screen. The first glimpse of Khan – via braceleted wrist – had the crowd in paroxysms." Rajeev Masand of "CNN-IBN" gave 2 stars out of 5, commenting "To be honest, very little stays with you when you leave the cinema, aside from the unpleasant aftertaste that comes from being shamelessly manipulated."


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Taran Adarsh gave it 4.5 stars out of 5 and called it a "noble, well-intentioned message narrated in an entertaining format".


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: "Jai Ho" was released on around 3900 screens in India and 650 screens in overseas. The domestic and overseas theatrical rights were sold for ₹1.1 billion ($16 million). "Jai Ho" spent around ₹40 crore ($5.9 million) on the production of the film. The film cost around ₹650 million ($9.6 million) total with the cost of marketing and prints added, but this number still does not include Khan's remuneration. The satellite rights were sold for 50 crore ($7.4 million), and music rights were also sold for 12 crore ($1.8 million).


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: "Jai Ho" suffered losses from piracy. A Dubai-based user uploaded a pirated version of the film to YouTube on 28 January 2014. The video had 108,151 views by the time it was removed on 1 February 2014. Another version of the film was uploaded on 2 February 2014. DNA Films reported that Khan had requested that ticket prices be kept at the minimum so that people could afford to see the movie because of its message.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: The website Boxofficeindia.com said that "Jai Ho" opened well at single screens like Jodhpur, Lucknow, Indore, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and CI, with an occupancy of 80–100%, 25–30% better than "Dhoom 3" and "Chennai Express", and moderately well (50%) at multiplexes of Delhi, Punjab, Bangalore and Kolkata.It had an opening-day collection of around nett. The second day collections were about , taking the total to .On Sunday, the film collected to take its weekend total to . "Jai Ho" had a noticeable drop on Tuesday as it grossed around 7.75 crore nett taking the five-day total to a little over 74 crore. Jai Ho emerged as the fifth highest weekend of all time in terms of worldwide gross by managing to gross 200 crore worldwide in three days. Jai Ho dropped further on first Wednesday with collections around 5.25–5.50 crore nett to take the 6-day total to . Jai Ho had the ninth highest first week of all time as it grossed nett in its first week. The film's net earnings crossed 3 crore on the second Friday after release. The film has collected 90 crores nett in 9 days. Jai Ho collected 13.50 crore nett in its second weekend taking its domestic total 95 crore in 10 days. "Jai Ho" has been made tax-free in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. "Jai Ho"'s two-week business was around 101.50 crore nett as it crossed around 21.29 crore nett in its second week. Jai ho on its third Friday had collections were approximately 50 lakhs nett. Jai Ho grossed around 2.25–2.50 crore nett in its third weekend taking the business to 105.50 crore nett after seventeen days. The two-week distributor share of film is 56 crore. Its total gross collections were about 107 crore nett after three weeks as it added around 4 crore in the third week. Bollywoodhungama declared the total net gross of "Jai Ho" 116 crore, and ranked it the seventh highest-grossing movie of 2014 and Salman Khan's seventh 100 crore movie in a row, an all-time record in the history of Indian cinema.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: The website, Bollywoodhungama.com estimated "Jai Ho" grossed $3.55 million overseas in its first weekend. Box Office India estimated it grossed slightly less at $3.45 million and called it "decent business". The final overseas gross for Jai Ho was $6 million making it one of the highest overseas grossing Bollywood films of 2014.


title: Jai Ho (film)

text: Sajid–Wajid, Amaal Mallik and Devi Sri Prasad composed the nine-song soundtrack album for "Jai Ho", in which Malik had contributed three tracks and Prasad had contributed one track, while the former composed 5 tracks. Sajid, Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri, Sameer Anjaan, Kausar Munir, Shabbir Ahmed, Armaan Malik, and Devi Sri Prasad wrote the lyrics for all the songs in the album. The full soundtrack album was released on 3 January 2014.


title: United States European Command

text: The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, Russia, and Greenland. The Commander of the United States EUCOM simultaneously serves as the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) within NATO, a military alliance. During the Gulf War and Operation Northern Watch, EUCOM controlled the forces flying from Incirlik Air Base.


title: United States European Command

text: Prior to 1952, the title "European Command (EUCOM)" referred to a single-service, United States Army command. The senior U.S. Army administrative command in the European region had previously been designated European Theater of Operations United States Army (ETOUSA) from 8 June 1942 – 1 July 1945; United States Forces European Theater (USFET) from 1 July 1945 – 15 March 1947; and then European Command (EUCOM) 15 March 1947 – 1 August 1952.


title: United States European Command

text: The first unified command in the European area was established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 1 August 1952. Designated the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM), it was established to provide "unified command and authority" over all U.S. forces in Europe. Prior to 1 August 1952, the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army presence in Europe maintained separate commands that reported directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff.


title: United States European Command

text: The respective titles of the service commands were: Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE); Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; and Commander-in-Chief, U.S. European Command. In line with the creation of the joint-service European Command, the Army command in Europe has redesignated U.S. Army Europe on 1 August 1952.


title: United States European Command

text: The unified command structure was born of the need to address changes wrought not only by America's rapid post-war demobilization but the end of the occupation of Germany in 1949. Questions arose over the U.S. commitment to the defense of Western Europe against the Soviet Union (USSR). Providing for the common defense was a great concern, especially after the Berlin Crisis of 1948–49 when the Soviet Union blocked access to the divided city and the U.S. and United Kingdom responded with an unprecedented airlift. In 1949 the allies established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).


title: United States European Command

text: In 1952 the area of responsibility included continental Europe, the United Kingdom, North Africa and Turkey. The AOR was subsequently expanded to include Southwest Asia as far east as Iran and as far south as Saudi Arabia.


title: United States European Command

text: After the Korean War began, the perceived threat to Europe grew. In early 1951, NATO established Allied Command Europe. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was called from retirement to become the first Supreme Allied Commander Europe. The United States sent massive reinforcements to Europe to deter the Soviet Union.


title: United States European Command

text: From 1950 to 1953 United States military personnel in Europe grew from 120,000 to over 400,000. United States Air Forces in Europe grew from three groups with 35,000 personnel to eleven wings with 136,000 personnel. Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean doubled to more than 40 warships. United States Army, Europe, grew from one infantry division and three constabulary regiments to two corps with five divisions (including two mobilized National Guard divisions) and in November 1950 activated a new field army, Seventh Army, at Patch Barracks, Stuttgart.


title: United States European Command

text: The Army activated the 10th Special Forces Group at Fort Bragg in 1952 and deployed it to Bad Tölz in November 1953 for unconventional warfare missions in the Soviet Bloc countries. To provide for national command within NATO and to help control this build-up of forces, Gen. Eisenhower proposed a separate command for all United States forces in Europe. Because the senior United States commander would continue as Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Eisenhower recommended giving "a maximum of delegated authority" to a four-star deputy.


title: United States European Command

text: Eisenhower returned to the United States just as the new command was established. The first United States Commander-in-Chief Europe (USCINCEUR) was General Matthew Ridgway, former commander of Eighth Army and the Far East Command during the Korean War. His deputy was General Thomas T. Handy, commander of United States Army, Europe. At this point the position of USCINCEUR was "dual hatted" with Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).


title: United States European Command

text: Headquarters EUCOM initially shared the I.G. Farben Building in Frankfurt, Germany, with Headquarters United States Army, Europe. By 1953 over 400,000 U.S. troops were stationed in Europe. In 1954, the headquarters moved to Camp des Loges, a French Army base west of Paris and a short distance from SHAPE. There, EUCOM prepared plans for the defense of Western Europe within the NATO framework against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact.


title: United States European Command

text: EUCOM used the Military Assistance Program to help its NATO partners build their military capabilities, including after 1955 the German Bundeswehr. In 1955, EUCOM established a Support Operations Command Europe, soon renamed Support Operations Task Force Europe (later Special Operations Command Europe) for special operations missions. In 1961, EUCOM began operating an airborne command post, Operation Silk Purse.


title: United States European Command

text: During the 1961 Berlin Crisis, on 25 August 1961, the Department of Defense announced 148,000 reserve personnel would be called on 1 October for twelve months of active duty service. 27,000 of these would be from Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard flying squadrons and support units to augment the Air Force, and 112,000 were U.S. Army Reserve. Many Army Reservists were sent to Europe to bring ground combat units up to full strength.


title: United States European Command

text: Civil war broke out in Lebanon in 1958 due to mounting religious and political conflicts (see "1958 Lebanon crisis"). EUCOM conducted a major contingency operation, Operation Blue Bat, in response to Lebanon's request to restore stability within the government.


title: United States European Command

text: In 1966, following disagreements by the French with certain NATO military policies, President Charles de Gaulle stated that all forces within France's borders would have to come under French control by April 1969. Soon afterward, France announced that SHAPE and its subordinate headquarters must leave French territory by April 1967. The following year, SHAPE moved to Mons, Belgium, while Headquarters EUCOM moved to Patch Barracks in Stuttgart, Germany. Headquarters Seventh Army moved to Heidelberg, where it merged with Headquarters United States Army, Europe. At Patch Barracks, EUCOM renovated the buildings, built a new operations center, and modernized communications infrastructure.


title: United States European Command

text: EUCOM continued to prepare for the defense of Europe and began a series of annual REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) exercises in 1967. Cold War crises continued, including the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. But, because of the Vietnam War, the number of the American forces in Europe slowly declined. Troop strength in Europe fell to 265,000 by 1970.


title: United States European Command

text: During the 1970s, force protection concerns in Europe increased as terrorist groups, such as the Red Army Faction and the Red Brigades, targeted American facilities and personnel with bombings, kidnapping and assassinations. Palestinian terrorist organizations conducted terror operations in Europe, such as the kidnapping of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.


title: United States European Command

text: EUCOM and its components continued to provide military assistance throughout Europe, as well as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, noncombatant evacuation, support to peacekeeping operations, and other non-traditional missions in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. For example, after the Congo became independent in 1960, EUCOM joined in several multinational operations in that country, including peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, and noncombatant evacuation in 1960, November 1964 (Operation Dragon Rouge), the 1967 second Stanleyville mutiny and again in 1978 (during Shaba II). In the Middle East, EUCOM provided military assistance to Israel and noncombatant evacuation of American citizens in 1967, 1973, and 1982–1984.


title: United States European Command

text: In the late 1970s, the Soviet Union deployed SS-20 intermediate-range ballistic missiles into Eastern Europe and in 1979 invaded Afghanistan. NATO responded with a "two-track" decision to step up negotiations while deploying American intermediate-range Pershing II missiles and Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) to counter Soviet actions.


title: United States European Command

text: During the 1980s, American forces in Europe increased to over 350,000. EUCOM established Fleet Marine Force Europe (later MARFOREUR) in 1980.


title: United States European Command

text: The 1983 Unified Command Plan transferred responsibility for the Middle East from EUCOM to a new combatant command, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), but EUCOM retained responsibility for Israel, Lebanon and Syria. At the same time, EUCOM was formally assigned responsibility for Africa south of the Sahara. Thus the area of responsibility became Europe (including the United Kingdom and Ireland), the Mediterranean Sea (including the islands), and the Mediterranean littoral (excluding Egypt, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti).


title: United States European Command

text: The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, together with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Colin L. Powell, who served from 1989 to 1993, further strengthened the role of combatant commanders. Goldwater-Nichols also established United States Special Operations Command, which led to the activation of a new sub-unified command, Special Operations Command, Europe.


title: United States European Command

text: During the 1980s, negotiations continued with the Soviet Union on strategic and theater-level arms limitation. In 1987, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) called an end to the deployment of SS-20s, Pershing IIs and GLCMs. In 1990, NATO and Warsaw Pact members signed a treaty on conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE).


title: United States European Command

text: In 1989, the Soviet Union and other Soviet Bloc countries in Eastern Europe collapsed and the Cold War came to an end. The citizens from both East and West Berlin began tearing down the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989.


title: United States European Command

text: As a sign of reduced tensions, in 1991 EUCOM took its airborne command post off alert. Meanwhile, in 1991, EUCOM and its components provided forces -primarily VII Corps- to CENTCOM for Operation Desert Storm.


title: United States European Command

text: EUCOM supports programs in former Soviet Bloc countries such as the Joint Contract Team Program, NATO Partnership for Peace and the National Guard Bureau State Partnership Program. It was also active in operations in the Balkans, including Bosnia, Macedonia and Kosovo. During this time, EUCOM's assigned forces were lowered below 120,000.


title: United States European Command

text: Since 1990, EUCOM has hosted or co-hosted the annual International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference, the only one of its kind in the world, working to foster cooperation among religious leaders and understanding of religion as both a force for war and a force for peace.


title: United States European Command

text: In 1999, changes to the command's area of responsibility were announced, after amendments to the Unified Command Plan. The United States Atlantic Command areas that had included the waters off Europe and the west coast of Africa were to be transferred to European Command. U.S. European Command already had responsibility for all U.S. land and air military planning in Europe and most of Africa. The change gave EUCOM the responsibility for maritime planning in the same general area of operations.


title: United States European Command

text: The changes were made effective on 1 October 2000. The Atlantic Command areas that presently include the waters off Europe and the west coast of Africa were also transferred to European Command.


title: United States European Command

text: Immediately after the terrorist attacks against New York and Washington, D.C., on 11 September 2001, NATO invoked Article V of the treaty and deployed NATO early warning aircraft to help monitor the skies over North America. EUCOM provided major forces for subsequent operations in Afghanistan and stepped up its efforts to protect United States interests in Europe and Africa. Subsequent terrorist attacks in the EUCOM theater in Casablanca, Madrid, London and Algiers prompted EUCOM to launch Operation Enduring Freedom Trans-Sahara in 2007 while continuing to provide rotational forces to Afghanistan and Iraq.


title: United States European Command

text: The 2002 Unified Command Plan transferred responsibility for Lebanon and Syria to CENTCOM, but EUCOM retained responsibility for Israel, and assumed responsibility for Russia (formerly held by the Joint Staff) and for an increased portion of the North Atlantic, to include Iceland and the Portuguese Azores (formerly held by the U.S. Joint Forces Command). The Iceland Defense Force formed part of EUCOM from 2002 until 2006 when it was disestablished.


title: United States European Command

text: Joint Task Force East provided from forces rotating from the continental United States through bases in Bulgaria and Romania, was initially intended to be provided by a rotating US-based brigade. Two bases at Constanţa, Romania was developed, apparently with the main facility at Mihail Kogălniceanu Airfield. Initially, however, Joint Task Force East was to have been provided by a rotational 2nd Cavalry Regiment Stryker squadron. The Task Force was originally planned to be called the Eastern Europe Task Force. However, since the stresses of the Iraq and Afghan deployments, the army provision of the Joint Task Force East has been replaced by a Marine force known as the Black Sea Rotational Force.


title: United States European Command

text: In 2003, the headquarters reorganized to establish the EUCOM Plans and Operations Center (EPOC). From 2006 to 2008, EUCOM helped stand-up a new geographic unified combatant command, United States Africa Command (AFRICOM), which moved to nearby Kelley Barracks and took over responsibility for Department of Defense activities in Africa on 1 October 2008.


title: United States European Command

text: 1983: U.S. Central Command is established and takes over responsibility for DoD activities in the Middle East from EUCOM.


title: United States European Command

text: 1990: VII Corps (US Army) and other USAREUR units are deployed from EUCOM to Saudi Arabia for the Gulf War.


title: United States European Command

text: 1992: VII Corps (US Army) after redeploying from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait is withdrawn from EUCOM and inactivated.


title: United States European Command

text: 2006: V Corps (US Army) is deployed from EUCOM to Iraq as the command and control element for Multi-National Corps–Iraq.


title: United States European Command

text: 2008: U.S. Africa Command is established and takes over responsibility for DoD activities in Africa from EUCOM.


title: United States European Command

text: 2009: Navy Admiral James G. Stavridis becomes EUCOM's 15th Commander and the first Navy Admiral to lead the HQ.


title: United States European Command

text: 2012: V Corps (US Army) is deployed from EUCOM to Afghanistan, providing command and control of all United States ground forces engaged in the theater.


title: United States European Command

text: 2013: V Corps (US Army) is inactivated after redeploying from Afghanistan, leaving EUCOM without a Corps HQ for the first time since 1951.


title: United States European Command

text: 2020: V Corps (US Army) is reactivated in Fort Knox. Corps forward headquarters is to be in Poznan, Poland.


title: United States European Command

text: The main service component commands of EUCOM are the United States Army Europe, United States Naval Forces Europe/U.S. Sixth Fleet, United States Air Forces in Europe and United States Marine Corps Forces, Europe


title: United States European Command

text: United States Army Europe (formerly Seventh Army) is based in Germany. It controls two brigades, one aviation brigade, and several supporting units while also providing support to other Army units in Europe. Previously it had two divisions, although for almost all of the Cold War it controlled two corps of two divisions each. V Corps was deactivated in 2013 upon its return from Afghanistan. VII Corps was deactivated in 1992 after returning to Germany after the Gulf War.


title: United States European Command

text: The Sixth Fleet provides ships to NATO Joint Force Command Naples' Operation Active Endeavour, deterring threats to shipping in the Straits of Gibraltar and the remainder of the Mediterranean. Joint Task Force Aztec Silence, a special operations force established under the command of Commander, Sixth Fleet, has been involved in fighting Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara. It also has a growing role around the shores of West and East Africa, under the direction of United States Africa Command. It previously had a significant Mediterranean presence function against the Soviet Navy's 5th Operational Squadron (Mediterranean Squadron, effectively fleet sized), and for most of the Cold War was the most powerful maritime striking force along NATO's southern flank.


title: United States European Command

text: The United States Air Forces in Europe, the Wing-support command, and Third Air Force, USAFE's Warfighting Headquarters are both based at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. They are now much reduced from their high Cold War strength and provide a pool of airpower closer to many trouble spots than aircraft flying from the United States.


title: United States European Command

text: The United States Marine Corps Forces, Europe is headquartered in Panzer Kaserne in Böblingen (Stuttgart), Germany, and serves as the Marine Corps component of EUCOM. MARFOREUR is integral in the planning and execution of Black Sea Rotational Force.


title: United States European Command

text: A subordinate unified command of EUCOM is SOCEUR (Special Operations Command Europe), headquartered at Patch Barracks in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany. Special forces units within the AOR include the 352nd Special Operations Group of the USAF, based at RAF Mildenhall in the UK, a U.S. Navy SEALs unit, and Naval Special Warfare Unit 2 and 1st BN, 10th Special Forces Group located at Panzer Kaserne, Germany.


title: United States European Command

text: The Kaiserslautern Military Community is the largest U.S. community outside of the U.S., while the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center is the largest U.S. military hospital overseas, treating wounded Soldiers from Iraq and Afghanistan.


title: United States European Command

text: U.S. European Command administers the low-profile U.S. military storage installations in Israel. William Arkin in his book "Code Names" revealed the locations of some of the American bases in Israel. Arkin writes that the sites do not appear on maps, and their exact locations are classified. According to the book, some of the sites are located at Ben Gurion Airport, Nevatim, Ovda air base, and in Herzliya Pituah.


title: United States European Command

text: The sites are numbered as "site 51," "site 53," "site 54," "site 55" and "site 56." Some of the depots are underground, others were built as open hangars. According to Arkin, site 51 holds ammunition and equipment in underground depots. Site 53 is munitions storage and war reserve vehicles at Israeli Air Force bases, site 54 is an emergency military hospital near Tel Aviv with 500 beds, and Sites 55 and 56 are ammunition depots.


title: United States European Command

text: Previously, this position held the title "Commander-in-Chief (CINC), United States European Command". However, following an order dated 24 October 2002 by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, all CINCs in the United States military were retitled "Commanders" and the use of "CINC" as an acronym for anyone other than the President was forbidden.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: Navi Mumbai International Airport, officially D. B. Patil International Airport, is an international airport being constructed in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It will serve in parallel as an alternative with Mumbai's existing Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA), becoming the second airport of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The airport is a greenfield international airport being built by City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO). It will be built in three phases, out of which the first phase of the airport will be able to handle 10 million passengers per annum. It will be expanded to its final capacity of third phase to handle more than 90 million passengers per annum. The Texas-based Jacobs Engineering Group, has charted the final masterplan for the airport, while the passenger terminals and the Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower have been designed by London-based Zaha Hadid Architects.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The ₹16,700 crore (US$2.1 billion) project is being executed by Navi Mumbai International Airport Limited (NMIAL), a special-purpose vehicle formed by the Adani Airports Holdings Limited and CIDCO, which will hold 74 percent and 26 percent equity shares of NMIAL respectively. CIDCO will build the project through a public–private partnership (PPP) model on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Transfer (DBFOT) basis. The airport covers an area of 1,160 hectares (4.5 sq.mi).


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The airport's construction was started in August 2021, and is expected to be fully operational by July 2024.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: It will be connected with Navi Mumbai Metro's Line 1 and with the proposed Mumbai Metro's Line 8 (Gold Line). In the proposed Mumbai-Hyderabad High-Speed Rail (HSR) corridor from Mumbai to Hyderabad, the airport will be the starting point of the corridor, by having a terminal station.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The project was first conceived in November 1997. The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) constituted a committee to examine various sites for an extension to Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. The committee recommended a site at Mandwa–Rewas in June 2000, because the proposed airport was to have a single runway. That September, CIDCO revised the original proposal to provide for a pair of parallel runways and submitted its feasibility report to the MoCA. Airports Authority of India (AAI)'s sub-committee found the Navi Mumbai site technically and operationally feasible, and suggested that CIDCO carry out a detailed Techno-Economic Feasibility Study (TEFS) of the project. The TEFS was submitted to the State Government in September 2001, following which the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) conducted a simulation study that confirmed that simultaneous operation of two airports was possible with appropriate procedures in place. In February 2007, CIDCO submitted a Project Feasibility and Business Plan Report to the MoCA, and the project received in-principle approval from the Union Cabinet in July 2007.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: In July 2008, the Government of Maharashtra granted approval for development of the project on a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) basis and appointed CIDCO as the nodal agency for its implementation. The project received defence clearance by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) by the end of 2010. The site had several environmental problems concerning mangroves and rain/storm water drains in Panvel. There is an NGO fighting government agencies regarding Panvel. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) gave its clearance for the airport on 14 May 2008. MoEFCC finally cleared the project on 23 November 2010.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: CIDCO invited global tenders for requests for qualification (RFQ) on 5 February 2014. The agency received nine bids and shortlisted four bidders, including GMR Group, the GVK-led MIAL, Hiranandani Group, Zurich Airport, and Mia Infrastructure with Tata Realty and Infrastructure. CIDCO submitted their RFQs to the Project Management Committee (PMC) for scrutiny. The PMC then submitted its report to the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, who must approve the project, before it received final approval from the MoCA. GVK was the only bidder in the final two rounds of bidding, causing CIDCO to extend the deadline for the tender twice. Subsequently, the GMR Group submitted a bid. On 13 February 2017, GVK-led MIAL was announced as the winning bidder. GVK offered CIDCO a 12.6% share in revenue, as compared to the 10.44% offered by the GMR Group.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The MoEFCC provided clearance to carry out pre-development work for the airport in April 2017. Work could not begin until 14 June 2017, however, due to opposition from local villagers. Pre-development work includes flattening the Ulwe Hill, reclaiming marsh land, diverting the Ulwe River outside the airport boundary and widening the channel to 60 metres, and shifting power transmission lines. It is expected to take two years to complete. CIDCO will raise the level of the land by 5.5 metres. Work was stalled again from 12 October 2017 due to protests from local villagers, but resumed on 28 October 2017 after CIDCO reached an agreement with the protestors.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the foundation plaque at the ground breaking ceremony for the airport in Mumbai on 18 February 2018. Navi Mumbai International Airport (P) Limited (NMIAL), appointed London-based Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) in March 2018 to design the airport's Terminal 1 and the ATC tower. Zaha Hadid Architects was selected on completion of a 12-week fast track design competition amongst the international architecture firms that were shortlisted by GVK. CIDCO floated a tender to select the engineering, procurement, and construction contractor for the project in August 2018.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: CIDCO appointed Pune-based Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS) in 2011, to study the hydrological impact of the airport on the surrounding waterbodies. The CWPRS conducted hydrological and Mathematical Model studies of the Ulwe River catchment area and had recommended cutting a channel to divert the Ulwe River into the Moha Creek. CIDCO completed pre-development work on the Ulwe River diversion by June 2019.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: In September 2019, GVK awarded a contract for construction of the airport to Larsen and Toubro (L&T).


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The airport was sold to the Adani Group in 2021, and Adani Group started the construction in August 2021. As of today, the ongoing developmental work includes ground work, i.e., flattening of the Ulwe Hill, which falls in the trajectory of the Southern Runway and Terminal 1. Due to several hurdles and issues, such as due to issues in land acquisition, protests from local villagers for several times, impact of COVID-19, rehabilitation issues, issues from Central and State Government and concerns raised by environmental activists, the project moved on with a slow pace since 2020. As of April 2022, CIDCO declared that those hurdles and issues have been finally resolved, and the construction will pick up fast pace within a few weeks. It is now expected that the first phase of the airport will be completed by July 2024.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: Zaha Hadid has designed the Navi Mumbai International Airport. It will have three state-of-the-art interconnected terminal buildings. The buildings will feature food courts, lounges, travellators, and other facilities for passengers. In the final phase, the total capacity of the airport will be 90 million passengers. The buildings will be shaped like a lotus to provide an aesthetic theme. The airport will also have a low-cost carrier terminal capable of handling two million passengers per annum in the first phase.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The domestic cargo terminal will be spread over and the international cargo terminal will be spread over .


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The airport will have a fuel farm and three aircraft hangars. There is a planned dedicated MRO facility.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The coastal land required is about with for the core airport activity and another on Waghivali Island to be developed as Mangrove Park and will have two parallel runways each long. It is to be located on National Highway 4B near Panvel, about from the existing Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The airport will have a terminal area of and a cargo area of and handle 50–55 million passengers annually. The site of the airport is located in an area of .


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The original estimated cost of the project was . This has since quadrupled to . CIDCO's RFQ in 2014 estimated total project cost for the development of phase 1 and 2 of NMIA to be . The cost of pre-development work was estimated at , which including of land development for airport and for other works.


title: Navi Mumbai International Airport

text: The project required the relocation of 2,786 households located across 10 villages—Chinchpada, Kopar, Kolhi, Ulwe, Varcha (Upper) Owle, Waghivalivada, Vaghivali, Ganeshpuri, Targhar, and Kombadbhuje. Most of the residents affected by the project are fishermen, farmers, or work odd jobs. CIDCO compensated land owners paying per sq ft of the land, rent for 18 months, and a developed plot of land of a size equal to triple the roof area with 1.5 FSI in the Pushpak Nagar node. CIDCO extended the deadline for all residents to vacate their houses to 30 November 2018, and again to 15 January 2019. Another hurdle to construct the airport was the flattening and destruction of the Ulwe Hill, which falls under the trajectory of the southern parallel runway.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: The 100 is a series of young adult science fiction novels by Kass Morgan. The first book in the series, The 100, was published on September 3, 2013, by Little, Brown Books for Young Readers. Day 21, its sequel, was released on September 25, 2014, and Homecoming was released on February 26, 2015. A fourth novel, Rebellion, was released on December 6, 2016.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: Prior to the publication of the first book, television producer Jason Rothenberg became interested in adapting the story for the screen. The eponymous TV series adaptation premiered on March 19, 2014, on The CW Network, starring Eliza Taylor and Bob Morley as Clarke Griffin and Bellamy Blake, respectively.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: The series is set three generations after a thermonuclear apocalypse, wherein the only known survivors of the human race live in a space colony consisting of satellites joined together in orbit around the Earth and governed by The Chancellor, who leads its legislative council. Resources are so scarce that all crimes, no matter how small, are punishable by death, unless the perpetrator is under 18 years of age.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: "The 100" begins with Clarke Griffin, a former medical student, being arrested for a crime committed by her parents: conducting illegal experiments on children under threat of the corrupt Vice Chancellor Rhodes. Clarke confides in her best friend Wells Jaha, The Chancellor's son. Despite swearing secrecy to Clarke, Wells tells his father, hoping to save the Griffins from Rhodes. His plan backfires, the Griffins are arrested, and his relationship with Clarke disintegrates. Two years later, the Colony decides to send 100 of its teenage prisoners to investigate whether or not Earth is habitable. Among the 100 are Clarke, Wells, Octavia Blake, her older maternal half-brother Bellamy Blake, and Clarke's friend, Thalia.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: The group crashes somewhere on the East Coast in the former United States. Once there, the 100 struggle to survive in a world very different from the past Earth. Clarke tends to the wounded, and Bellamy gradually develops a romantic interest in her. It is revealed that Octavia had become a drug addict while in prison. A few days later, someone sets fire to the camp, killing Thalia. As the survivors investigate, they discover a farm not too far from the site, leading them to the realization that they are not alone.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: Twenty-one days after they land on Earth, the 100 continue to face recurring attacks from an unknown enemy. Octavia has been missing since the fire. Wells tries to maintain morale, while Bellamy tries to find his sister. The 100 find an Earthborn girl, Sasha Walgrove, and hold her hostage. Sasha tells them that they have landed in the former state of Virginia, and that there are people from the Colony who arrived before the 100. Bellamy believes that Sasha's people are responsible for Octavia's disappearance and demands that Sasha reveal their location. Wells and Sasha bond, and Sasha helps Wells find food for the surviving colonists.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: In space, the people of the Colony fight to get into their drop ships as the space station's life support begins to fail; Clarke and Wells' friends, Glass and Luke, are among the people desperately trying to get to Earth. However, they find themselves at the mercy of Vice Chancellor Rhodes, who is willing to kill to get into one of the dropships.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: Sasha leads Clarke and Bellamy to a colony beneath the ruins of Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center. There, they meet her father, Max Walgrove, who is the leader of the colony. Octavia is at Mount Weather, having been rescued by Max and his people from a group of renegades. These renegades are responsible for the attacks on the 100. Max and his people will continue helping the 100, and will provide further support once the rest of the Colony arrives. At this point, they find dropships from the Colony falling from the sky.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: Wells eventually realizes that there is something familiar about Bellamy and Octavia; ultimately, he discovers that their mother was Melinda Blake, the woman his father had loved before marrying Wells' mother for the sake of his career. This discovery leads Wells and Bellamy to realize that they are paternal half-brothers.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: After the dropships crash, Clarke, Bellamy, and Wells lead a rescue party to the crash site, allowing Clarke and Wells to reunite with Glass and Luke. Clarke ponders leaving the camp to search for her parents. The Chancellor, still in a coma, remains trapped in the Colony above Earth. Vice Chancellor Rhodes takes control over the community on Earth, planning to force Luke to execute Bellamy, as a warning to anyone attempting to challenge him.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: With Sasha's help, Clarke and Wells escape with the wounded Bellamy. In addition, Glass and Luke flee the camp to escape Vice Chancellor Rhodes. One of Rhodes' men kills Sasha when she tries to get more supplies. Rhodes plans to attack Mount Weather to recapture Bellamy, Clarke, and Wells. As Mount Weather prepares for Rhodes' attack, some of the Colonists revolt and join their benefactors against Rhodes. Clarke, Bellamy, and Wells are captured during the initial exchange, but another faction of Earthborns defeat and capture Rhodes before he can execute Bellamy. Later, more colonists from other dropships arrive, and one of the arrivals informs Wells that his father was still in a coma, with only a few hours of oxygen left when their dropship departed.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: Before Sasha's funeral, Clarke reunites with her parents at Mount Weather. She reconciles with Wells but will not resume their past relationship because she is romantically involved with Bellamy.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: A month after the previous novel, Bellamy begins showing signs of what Clarke thinks is paranoia when he obsesses over small details in the woods. However, a group of self-proclaimed "Protectors" infiltrates their camp and abducts several of its inhabitants, including Wells, Glass and Octavia. As Clarke and Bellamy organize a rescue team to take their new enemy down, their relationship is put to the ultimate test when Bellamy doesn't think Clarke trusts him.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: Eventually, the rescue team and prisoners are able to take the Protectors down as a team effort and in the aftermath, Clarke and Bellamy make up and with her parents' blessing, he asks her to marry him.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: "Publishers Weekly" commented that Morgan's flair for the dramatic in "The 100" "can be forced, but it's easy to be drawn in". In addition, "Booklist" calls "The 100" "dark and riveting", blending "science fiction, romance, and characters' shadow sides with a mostly engrossing plotline. "The 100" reached #13 on "The New York Times"' Young Adult Best Seller List.


title: The 100 (novel series)

text: On May 9, 2013, The CW Television Network announced that the pilot was officially ordered to series for the 2013–14 American television season. The series is developed by Jason Rothenberg, and premiered on March 19, 2014. The seventh and final season consisted of 16 episodes, and premiered on May 20, 2020, finishing the show with a total of 100 episodes across all seven seasons.