title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: While certain things have become routine, each game is still hard work for the team, but the fanbase keeps Nagoshi motivated. Nagoshi explains that the fast release schedule of one game per year with a massive amount of content is based on the team's desire to constantly keep delivering the fans with not just what they want, but also to surprise them.


title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: "Yakuza 0" increased the fanbase internationally. Previous localized installments did not always meet expectations in terms of sales. "Yakuza 0 ", being a prequel, made it an easy jumping-in point for new fans as well as the expertise of recently merged Atlus USA, were factors in its success. This also led to the previous games getting remasters and remakes in the form of the two remakes "Yakuza Kiwami" and "Yakuza Kiwami 2" and remasters of "Yakuza 3", "Yakuza 4" and "Yakuza 5". Producer Daisuke Sato wants to continue to do titles that are well accepted globally, not only limited to Japan and niche consumers.


title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: In October 2021, Sega announced that Nagoshi and Daisuke Sato were leaving the company after decades working in it. Due to this, series producer and writer Masayoshi Yokoyama would become the new studio head in place of Nagoshi who was in the position since the beginning. With the shift in leadership, the studio confirmed they were working on a sequel to "Yakuza: Like a Dragon".


title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: The main writer behind the stories and scenarios of most of the "Yakuza" series has been Masayoshi Yokoyama, who previously was a senior planner for "Jet Set Radio" and director of "Ollie King". When developing the first game, the tagline was "The maddog Yakuza and the 10 billion yen girl" and various members of the team were able to pitch a story. Yokoyama's proposal stood out where instead of focusing on a big plot twist that concerned the girl and the 10 billion yen, he drew up a character correlation chart, and explained how the various characters were related to each other. As a whole, Yokoyama focuses on entertaining characters and scenes, and only decides the culprit at the very end in the writing process, with a focus on who would be the most interesting to fight as a final boss. Yokoyama himself doesn't read novels and has no training in script writing, and is mostly inspired by visual mediums like film and TV shows. For the first two "Yakuza" games, crime novelist Hase Seishu was an editor of Yokoyama's scripts. He heavily critiqued the first draft, suggesting that it lacks realism, so Yokoyama did further research and adjusted the script in his own way. For the second game, Yokoyama only needed one round of editing from Seishu. Nagoshi is very involved in the creation of the scripts, and advocated for the various elements found in "Yakuza 3", such as the more heartwarming atmosphere with the kids at the orphanage, the return of Joji Kazama, as well as suggesting the keywords "base" and "defense" for the story. For "Yakuza 2", the golden Osaka Castle, was also Nagoshi's idea.


title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: One detour for the team was the game "Binary Domain", which unlike the Yakuza series, was an attempt to make something for the worldwide audience. However, it was not very successful, and it made the team reflect on preferring to keep making authentic Japanese games rather than pretending to be something else. The new Dragon Engine developed for "" and used in subsequent games used technology from "Binary Domain" and was evolved further. The Dragon Engine was also lent to "Virtua Fighter 5: Ultimate Showdown", which was co-developed with Sega AM2.


title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: Talks of bringing back the "Super Monkey Ball" IP with a remaster were happening, but nothing came into fruition, due to struggling to get the right team of people. Masao Shirosaki was pondering what to work on next after finishing development on "Judgment," and as Shirosaki and some staff became available, the project officially began. Shirosaki revealed that "Banana Blitz" specifically was chosen for a remaster, because with the limited time and budget they had, it was the most reasonable choice. However, if successful, remakes of 1 and 2 and also a new game are possible. While there was no official word from Sega on how "Banana Blitz HD" performed, a remake of the first 3 "Super Monkey Ball" games, "" that takes the series back to its origins, had ultimately come into fruition.


title: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio

text: CS1 moved on to mobile games with "Ryu Ga Gotoku Mobile" released for GREE and "Kingdom Conquest" for iOS. The team that handled these mobile games formed a new team and left CS1 to establish a new division exclusively dedicated to these mobile games, due to the growth of mobile games and the release of internet enabled PlayStation Vita. It is headed by Yakuza producer Masayoshi Kikuchi, thus effectively leaving the studio with his last credit being "Yakuza 5".


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Line 5 Eglinton (also known as the Eglinton Crosstown or the Crosstown) is a light rail line that is under construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Metrolinx and operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), the line will be part of the Toronto subway system as its fifth route. The first phase of the line will include 25 stops along Eglinton Avenue, from Mount Dennis station underground to station, after which it will run predominantly at-grade within the street's median to Kennedy station, where it will connect underground with Line 2 Bloor–Danforth and Line 3 Scarborough.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The line was conceived in 2007 during the administration of Toronto mayor David Miller as part of Transit City, a large-scale transit expansion plan. Construction of the first phase of the line began in 2011 and was originally expected to be completed in 2020; it has been delayed more than once, and as of November 2021, Metrolinx and Crosslinx (the construction consortium) agreed on an opening date in late 2022. However, by December 2021, Metrolinx expected the line to be substantially complete by September 2022, but that it would not open to the public until several months later, possibly in 2023. By late September 2022, Metrolinx had conceded the line would not be completed by the end of 2022 but would be ready for service in 2023. , the budgeted cost of the project was $12.82billion. In December 2022, CBC News reported on confidential internal documents which indicated that Crosslinx had no "credible plan" to complete the line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Future extensions towards Toronto Pearson International Airport in the west and the University of Toronto Scarborough in the east were approved by Toronto City Council in 2016. In September 2020, assessment and pre-construction of the westward extension to Renforth station was being undertaken by Metrolinx.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The origins of Line 5 Eglinton can be traced to the 1985 Network 2011 plan conceived by the Metro Toronto government as the TTC and Metro began to install the busway along Eglinton. It was to be completed by 2003. In 1986, a coalition of City of York and Etobicoke Metro councillors and the Region of Peel persuaded Metro Council to include an Eglinton West line in a new Transit Network Plan. Work on the subway line began in 1994 and was halted following the election in 1995 which saw Mike Harris taking power and led to the cancellation of the Eglinton West line, with the existing tunnel quickly filled in.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Line 5 Eglinton was originally conceived as the Eglinton Crosstown LRT, a partially underground light rail line, announced in 2007 by Toronto mayor David Miller and TTC chair Adam Giambrone. It was part of the Transit City plan, which included the implementation of six other light rail lines across Toronto. The original version of the line would have run from Pearson Airport along Silver Dart Drive to Convair Drive. The line would have then turned southwest to a bridge over Highway 401 to reach Commerce Boulevard on the other side, where it would run south to reach Eglinton Avenue and the east end of the Mississauga Transitway. The rest of the line would run east along Eglinton Avenue, including a portion along which the proposed Eglinton West subway line would have been built. The line would then traverse the city, connecting with Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, and Line 3 Scarborough.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: There were 43 stops planned for the Eglinton Crosstown LRT, 13 of which would be underground. Surface stops would be spaced on average apart and the underground stations would be apart on average, as constructing numerous underground stops would be costly. The average speed would be , compared with the existing bus routes along Eglinton that have an average speed of . The line would terminate at Kennedy station to the east in Scarborough where it would meet Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, the proposed Scarborough Malvern LRT and the Stouffville GO train line. The expected cost was billion. As a result of provincial funding cuts, construction of the line was divided into two phases: phase one would end at Jane Street, and phase two would terminate as had been planned at Pearson Airport.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Miller's successor, Rob Ford, announced the cancellation of Transit City on December 1, 2010, the day he took office. He proposed an alternative titled the "Eglinton–Scarborough Crosstown line", which put the line along Eglinton Avenue completely underground. The line would have then followed the route of Line 3 Scarborough, thus forming a single line continuously from Black Creek Drive to . The cost would almost double to $8.2billion and, compared to the original plan, 18 fewer stops were planned, including the elimination of the connection to Pearson Airport. Most of the additional cost would have come from putting 12 additional stations underground and for converting the Scarborough RT.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On February 8, 2012, in a special meeting, Toronto City Council, led by Karen Stintz, voted 25–18 to override Mayor Ford's modifications to the project. The vote reinstated the original proposal to only construct the portion between Laird Drive and Keele Street underground while the remainder of the line is built along the surface. On November 30, 2012, the environmental assessment was revised, such that the east tunnel portal location would be moved from east of Brentcliffe to east of Don Mills; however, this was reversed in May 2013 after receiving community feedback. In January 2013, city councillors from Scarborough put forward an alternative plan to proceed with the construction of the Eglinton Avenue portion of the line as planned but to exclude the Scarborough RT from the line. In July 2013, plans for an "Eglinton-Scarborough Crosstown" line were abandoned, thereby reverting the entire line back to the plan that had been conceived under Transit City.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Crosslinx Transit Solutions (CTS), a consortium of more than 26 companies, was awarded the contract to design, build and finance the Eglinton Crosstown line and to maintain it for 30 years. The contract, which excludes boring the tunnels, is for completing all other remaining work, including the stations and the finishing work within the tunnels. Some of the members of the consortium are SNC-Lavalin, Aecon, EllisDon, ACS Infrastructure Canada, Dragados, IBI Group and Scotiabank. The contract defines a public–private partnership.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The 30-year contract to build and maintain the line will total $9.1billion. Capital costs will be $5.3billion, with each of the 15 underground stations costing $80–$100million to build and the ten street-level stops $3–$5million each. The remainder will be for financing, lifecycle and maintenance costs.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In July 2015, the Crosslinx Transit Solutions Maintenance General Partnership consortium awarded Bombardier Transportation a 30-year contract to maintain Line 5's light-rail vehicles. The contract was worth $403million. Bombardier will also maintain wayside systems (track and overhead catenary) for Line 5.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On July 28, 2010, Metrolinx ordered four tunnel boring machines (TBMs) from Caterpillar at a cost of $54million. Each TBM is long, in diameter and weighs . They bore per day, below the surface. The TBMs were named Dennis, Lea, Humber, and Don. The names were chosen by Jason Paris, a moderator of the UrbanToronto blog and web forums. Dennis is named after Mount Dennis, Lea is named after Leaside, Humber is named after the Humber River, and Don is named after the Don River. The names Dennis and Lea combined allude to the poet Dennis Lee. By the time all four machines reach Yonge Street, enough dirt will have been removed to fill the Air Canada Centre (renamed Scotiabank Arena in 2018) to the height of the CN Tower.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In October 2011, the first part of tunnel construction began with the construction of a launch shaft for tunnel boring machines at Black Creek Drive.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On November 9, 2011, in Keelesdale Park, Mayor Rob Ford and Premier Dalton McGuinty officially broke ground on the new project.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In May 2012, TTC staff released a report saying that completion of the Eglinton Crosstown was unlikely by 2020 and that a more realistic in-service date would be 2022–2023. The main reason given was that the project management had been transferred from the TTC to Infrastructure Ontario which uses the Alternative Finance and Procurement strategy. That strategy would use a private contractor to complete the project, effectively requiring that contractor to redo all design work already completed by the TTC. The TTC also warned that Metrolinx's aggressive timeline would lead to severe construction-related disruptions to communities and traffic because large stretches of the Eglinton Avenue would have to be torn up concurrently to meet deadlines.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In January 2013, Infrastructure Ontario issued a request for qualifications to shortlist companies to construct the line. A request for proposal was expected in mid-2013.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In June 2013, the TBMs Dennis and Lea began tunnelling on the line. Traffic on Eglinton Avenue near Keele Street was reduced to one lane in each direction.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On November 12, 2013, Metrolinx awarded a contract to a joint venture between Aecon Group and ACS Dragados Canada to construct the eastern portion of the line between Yonge Street and Laird Drive.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In March 2014, work began to clear utilities and trees on the south side of Eglinton Avenue just east of Brentcliffe Road in order to set up the eastern launch shaft. For two and a half years, traffic around the excavation site will be reduced from two to one lane in each direction. West of the site, more lane restrictions would go into effect to construct head walls (below-ground walls that form the ends of each subway station) at the future Laird, Bayview and Mt. Pleasant stations. There will also be lane restrictions for two years near Hanna Road to build an emergency exit near Leaside High School.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By April 2014, the TBMs had arrived at Caledonia station. In April 2014, "The Globe and Mail" reported that the two western tunnel boring machines were excavating "approximately 1,000 cubic yards of spoil", per day.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: For the year prior to May 2014, the two TBMs Dennis and Lea had been excavating and installing concrete tunnel liners at a rate of approximately per day. The tunnels are lined with precast concrete liner segments. Six segments form each ring.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In early December 2014, Dennis and Lea arrived at Eglinton West station. Dennis stopped to allow Lea to catch up, so that they would arrive at Eglinton West station at the same time.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On the weekend of April 18 and 19, 2015, the boring machines, Dennis and Lea, were lifted out of a shaft west of Allen Road and moved about to a shaft just east of Allen Road.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In April 2015, merchants along Eglinton Avenue West were complaining of lost revenue (up to a 35 percent dip in sales), because construction was discouraging customers with snarled traffic, limited parking options, reduced foot traffic and dusty sidewalks.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By September 2015, the TBMs Don and Humber arrived for assembly in the shaft at Brentcliffe Road before starting to drill the section west to Yonge Street.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On September 24, 2015, Transportation Minister Steven Del Duca issued a statement saying the Crosstown would not operate until September 2021, in order "to mitigate disruption to the local community and infrastructure as much as possible." The earlier plan had been to open in 2020 with tunnelling and station construction to start in 2012. Infrastructure Ontario has awarded the Crosstown construction contract to Crosslinx, a consortium led by SNC Lavalin. It will take about four years to build the stations, 15 of which will be underground.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On September 29, 2015, TBM Don started to bore the north tunnel from the Brentcliffe Road launching site westwards towards Yonge Street. TBM Humber will start boring the south tunnel approximately one month later.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On November 3, 2015, Del Duca announced that the contract awarded to Crosslinx Transit Solutions to complete the Crosstown and maintain it for 30 years will cost $2billion less than originally estimated.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On March 10, 2016, a ground-breaking ceremony was held at the site of Keelesdale station, the first station to be started for construction along the Eglinton Crosstown line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In February 2016, work began on the extraction shaft for TBMs Humber and Don, which are digging the eastern segment of the line. However, the hole in the street there will be much smaller than the one near Leslie Street.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On April 18, 2016, at the location of the future Forest Hill station, the façade of the former House of Chan restaurant and the scaffolding that was holding it up collapsed, injuring seven people.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On May 10, TBMs Dennis and Lea, which had been boring the western segment of the line, completed their work by reaching Yonge Street. Dennis and Lea bored , installing 25,647 precast concrete tunnel segments to construct the 4,279 rings to line the twin tunnels.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On August 17, TBMs Don and Humber, which had been boring the eastern segment of the line, completed their work by reaching Yonge Street. Don and Humber bored , installing 26,178 precast concrete tunnel segments to construct the 4,363 rings to line the twin tunnels.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On September 1, Bombardier Transportation, which is producing cars for the line, failed to meet the delivery deadline for the pilot vehicle. As a result, Metrolinx filed notice to terminate the contract with Bombardier.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On November 3, 2016, Metrolinx filed a "notice of intention" to cancel its contract with Bombardier for the Crosstown's rolling stock.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On February 10, 2017, Bombardier filed an injunction, seeking to compel Metrolinx to stick with their contract. Metrolinx responded that Bombardier did deliver a prototype for testing, as required by the contract. However, Metrolinx claimed that the prototype was so incomplete that it would not power up.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Between March 13 and 17, the TBMs Don and Humber were removed in pieces from the extraction shaft on Eglinton Avenue just east of Yonge Street.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In July 2017, construction crews began preparation for constructing the eastern at-grade portion of the line by removing the median in the roadway.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On August 9, the first piece of track, a turnout, was installed at the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility (EMSF) in Mount Dennis. The facility was scheduled for completion in late 2018, but construction is now expected to be complete in early 2019.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In July 2018, Crosslinx Transit Solutions, the construction company building the LRT line, sued Metrolinx, claiming that utility work prior to construction exceeded timelines Metrolinx had specified. Crosslinx sought to extend the 2021 deadline for the opening of the transit line by one year. In August 2018, Metrolinx submitted a filing with the Ontario Superior Court of Justice to dismiss the lawsuit. This was based on an agreement with Crosslinx to resolve disputes only after construction has been completed. The lawsuit was settled by Metrolinx in September 2018 under undisclosed terms. It was revealed by the Auditor General of Ontario that one of the terms included an additional $237million to be paid to Crosslinx for an assurance to meet Metrolinx's 2021 deadline.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On January 8, 2019, Bombardier delivered the first Flexity Freedom vehicle to the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility, which, according to Metrolinx, was "substantially complete and ready to receive the vehicles" by this date.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In January 2019, the first concrete pour for the surface section occurred at the location of the future O'Connor stop at Eglinton Square. Before being encased in concrete, conduit pipes were laid to support communications and power cables for the Crosstown's stations and stops.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: From July 1 to late August 2019, Leslie Street at Eglinton Avenue was closed for the installation of tracks and infrastructure at the intersection. During this time, the TTC 51 Leslie bus route turned back at Leslie and Eglinton at a temporary bus loop. The temporary closure allowed work to be completed in one section instead of two, thus eliminating joints in the road and track. This provided a higher quality result, reducing future maintenance. The closure also reduced the construction period at the intersection from six months to two.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In November 2019, Crosslinx informed Metrolinx that it expected the line not to be completed before May 6, 2022, and that the construction costs would total $12.58billion, an increase of $330million over previous estimates. The main problems reported were defective caissons (underground watertight compartments) built in the 1950s at Eglinton station, groundwater at the Avenue station site and construction difficulties at the CP Rail bridge adjacent to the Mount Dennis station.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On December 14, 2019, testing began between the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility and the Western portal using Flexity Freedom vehicles, initially testing track clearances at slow speed. On December 17, Crosslinx conducted an inaugural run with staff and guests from the handover platform at the EMSF to the elevated guideway over Black Creek Drive. At that time, overhead wire had been installed between the EMSF to just short of the Keelesdale platform.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In February 2020, Metrolinx announced that the line would not open until "well into 2022", a delay from the previous target of September 2021. This was despite Metrolinx reaching a settlement with Crosslinx the previous year, paying the consortium $237million to commit to a September 2021 deadline. Metrolinx cited reasons for the delay: Crosslinx had started work nine months late, and had been slow to finalize some aspects of the design. Also, at Eglinton station, pipes embedded in concrete built in the 1950s were discovered in a position that impeded excavation for the Crosstown under Line 1 Yonge–University.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In early March 2020, the provincial government announced it would provide $3million in aid to local merchants negatively affected by Crosstown construction near their businesses. The Ministry of Transportation and Metrolinx also announced that they would look into an earlier, partial opening of the Crosstown line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By March 2020, Crosslinx had installed the first passenger-waiting shelter on the surface section of the line at the Pharmacy stop. The shelters were pre-fabricated and hoisted into position on the LRT boarding platform.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On March 9, 2020, Crosslinx began work to extract tunnel boring machines Dennis and Lea at Duplex Avenue, one block west of Yonge Street.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On May 4, 2020, Metrolinx reported the first test trip by a light rail vehicle (LRV) in a Line 5 tunnel. The trip was from the maintenance and storage facility to just short of the platform at the underground Keelesdale station. The test run was to check clearances, trackwork, and overhead power and communications; it involved several movements in and out of the tunnel at speeds of up to .


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On October 1, 2020, Crosslinx proposed partially opening Line 5 on February 28, 2022, with the Line 5 portion of Eglinton station not opening until May 2022. However, the direct connection for riders transferring between Lines 1 and 5 at Eglinton station would not be completed until September 2022; until then, passengers who wished to transfer would need to exit to the surface and descend by the entrance next door. Crosslinx says defective infrastructure from 1954 at Eglinton station, difficult hydrogeological conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic had hindered the project. Moody's Investors Service also reported delays at Kennedy, Forest Hill, Mount Pleasant and Cedarvale stations. On October 8, Crosslinx filed a lawsuit against Metrolinx and Infrastructure Ontario, claiming $134million in unexpected costs due to the pandemic. Metrolinx countered that Crosslinx had been falling behind schedule before the pandemic.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In early December 2020, the first pieces of artwork were being installed at Science Centre and Mount Dennis stations.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By early April 2021, tracks had been laid on the surface into the Brentcliffe Portal just east of Brentcliffe Road. This location will be the transition between underground and surface running on Line 5 between Laird station and the Sunnybrook Park stop. In addition, as of April 2021, 85 percent of track had been installed along the entire line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In April 2021, the last concrete "invert pour" on the line was completed at Eglinton station. The invert pour created the station's base level slab (also called an "invert"), which lies over the "mudslab", a concrete layer that sits on top of the earth.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On May 3, 2021, Crosslinx energized the overhead catenary system between Laird and Kennedy stations for testing purposes. Traction power substations along the surface route supply electricity to the catenary; there will be 15 such substations.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On May 17, 2021, Crosslinx won a case in Ontario Superior Court against Metrolinx and Infrastructure Ontario to allow compensation for the extra construction costs and project delays due to the pandemic. The court decision allowed Crosslinx to negotiate with the two provincial agencies for financial compensation and a later completion date. (The completion per the contract was to have been September 2021, later revised to 2022 by Metrolinx.) Crosslinx sought approximately $134million in compensation for extra safety measures, absenteeism and supply-chain problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Between May 25 and June 2, 2021, six LRVs were delivered by truck from the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility to Eglinton Avenue East and Rosemount Drive along the eastern end of the line. After unloading, each LRV (powered by the catenary) ran westwards to be stored within the Brentcliffe portal. (Until this point, only the section west from Caledonia station had been operational for testing trains.) Clearance and static testing was scheduled to take place in June with LRVs moving at walking speed.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Effective June 20, 2021, the TTC renumbered the Avenue Rd bus route from 5 to 13 in order to free up the route number 5 for the Eglinton line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By July 2021, 93 percent of the rail had been installed along the line. At Chaplin station, track work was being completed. However, at neighbouring Avenue station, concrete was still being poured in the tunnel at one end of the station box.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Until late August 2021, Crosslinx had tested the interaction between the vehicles and communications and signal systems east of the Brentcliffe portal. Vehicles ran at slow speeds. On August 24, 2021, Crosslinx started a new phase of testing east of the Brentcliffe portal involving coupled vehicles, increased speed, braking and concurrent vehicle operation.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By early October 2021, Crosslinx was finishing the trackwork at Eglinton station, which included a crossover. By November 1, 2021, the last section of track was laid under Yonge Street at Eglinton station, making the rails continuous between Mount Dennis and Kennedy stations. Full completion of the catenary, signals and the communication system was not expected until 2022.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In November 2021, an LRV travelled from the EMSF to Laird station under its own power at slow speed in order to test clearances and systems along the way; the section between Laird and Fairbank stations had limited power. Then, the three coupled pairs of LRVs stored at Laird station were driven back to the EMSF for maintenance and replaced by two trains for further testing of the line east of Laird station.<ref name="Metrolinx-2021/11/18"></ref>


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By December 2021, Metrolinx and Infrastructure Ontario had come to a settlement with Crosslinx to pay the consortium an extra $325million to handle additional costs due the COVID-19 pandemic and due to an unexpected obstruction at Eglinton station that was impeding construction. The line was expected to be substantially complete by September 2022 but possibly not be open until 2023.<ref name="TheStar-2021/12/22"></ref>


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: By late February 2022, the last signal to control LRT train movements along the line was installed in the tunnel at Laird station.<ref name="Metrolinx-2022/02/24"></ref>


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In March 2022, Metrolinx announced that all 76 of the light rail vehicles had been brought together at the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility, the fleet's final deliveries having arrived in 2021.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In July 2022, Metrolinx started to test three-car trains together with the train control system along the line. Three-cars is the maximum train length for the line and can carry up to 490 passengers.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In late September 2022, Metrolinx announced that Crosslinx was behind schedule and thus Line 5 would not be completed by year-end as was previously expected. Metrolinx did not provide a revised completion date. However, CBC Toronto cited an unnamed source with knowledge of the project who stated that Line 5 would likely be delayed a year, until September 2023. The completion of underground stations was behind schedule, particularly at Eglinton station where tunnelling under Line 1 was difficult.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: According to an internal Metrolinx report from September 2022, Crosslinx had expected to complete the project by March 2023, but Metrolinx felt that date to be unrealistic. Metrolinx blamed Crosslinx and old infrastructure at Eglinton station for project delays. Metrolinx also had complaints about deficiencies in work completed. Crosslinx had over $260 million in outstanding claims against Metrolinx.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In December, CBC Toronto obtained confidential documents from Metrolinx which indicated that the company did not believe Crosslinx had a "credible plan" to complete the line. The records stated that 98 percent of construction and engineering work was completed at the time of their writing, while only 79 percent of track and train testing had been completed.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In the planning stages for Line 5 Eglinton, many stations and stops were given working names identical or similar to names of existing subway stations or GO Transit stations within Toronto. On November 23, 2015, a report to the TTC Board recommended giving a unique name to each station within the subway system, including those on Line 5. Thus, several stations with non-unique working names were renamed, even those which will be comparatively simple on-street surface stops: Weston (renamed Mount Dennis), Keele (Keelesdale), Dufferin (Fairbank), Bathurst (Forest Hill), Oriole Park (Avenue), Bayview (Leaside), Leslie (Sunnybrook Park), Don Mills (Science Centre), Victoria Park (O'Connor) and Warden (Golden Mile). Despite its unique name, Eglinton West station will be renamed Cedarvale to avoid confusion with Eglinton station. Eglinton station is not expected to be renamed "Eglinton–Yonge" (as was the case with Sheppard–Yonge station, which was named "Sheppard" before Line 4 Sheppard opened) given that Eglinton station is located in the former village of Eglinton. Alternate names for stations along the under-construction western extension at cross streets (Kipling Avenue, Islington Avenue, Royal York Road, and Jane Street) with existing stations on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth have not yet been announced.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Line 5 Eglinton will run underground for from Mount Dennis to just east of Brentcliffe Road before rising to the surface to continue another to end at Kennedy station. A short portion of the line across the Black Creek valley will be elevated, between Mount Dennis and Keelesdale stations. The right-of-way will have of track, including six double crossovers, five mono-directional crossovers and three pocket tracks.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Parts of the surface route will use "green track", that is, track with vegetation growing beside and between the rails. Green track will be used between the Brentcliffe Road tunnel portal (western end of the surface route) and Birchmount Road (Birchmount stop in the east end) with paved gaps at intersections, surface stops and the underground Science Centre station. Each section of green track will have irrigation chambers, a water supply, and an energy source for the irrigation system. Green track will dampen train sounds, absorb runoff water, reduce ambient temperatures in summer and minimize the spread of dust.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Surface stops will be located at accessible, signalized intersections, and will have a transparent design for passenger security. Platforms will have a sign post bearing the stop's name, a barrier along the road to protect waiting passengers, Presto machines, screens displaying the next vehicle arrival time, platform illumination and covered waiting shelters with benches and a passenger assistance intercom. The platforms will be designed for level boarding.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: As part of the Crosstown project, six stations along Line 5 EglintonMount Dennis, Caledonia, Cedarvale (Eglinton West), Eglinton, Science Centre and Kennedywill feature eight artworks. These stations were chosen because they are all interchange stations expected to host higher passenger volumes. Some of the other stations feature photographs, such as pick-up sticks at Oakwood station.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: All artworks will be integrated into station design and construction rather than being stand-alone pieces. Because of the controversy over the artwork "LightSpell" at Pioneer Village station, in which commuters can display messages that can violate the 2009 revision of TTC's By-Law No. 1 that prohibits the use of inappropriate language, none of the Line 5 artworks will be interactive. The art budget is about $10million. About $1million of that budget will be used for digital art to appear on screens at stations along the line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: As the line is owned by the province of Ontario, Metrolinx chose the Bombardier Flexity Freedom light rail vehicle, which uses standard gauge rather than the TTC's own slightly larger gauge. Metrolinx wanted to avoid using a custom gauge in order to secure a better price from the manufacturer and to create a standard for other light-rail projects in the province. The vehicles have an operator's cab at only one end of the vehicle; thus, the LRVs must be run in back-to-back coupled pairs. Trains will use automatic train control within the tunnelled portion of the line. Like the Flexity Outlook vehicles Bombardier built for the TTC's streetcar system, initial work building the chassis was performed at Bombardier's Mexican plant in Ciudad Sahagún, Hidalgo, with final assembly at Bombardier's plant in Thunder Bay.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In 2010, Metrolinx had ordered 182 Flexity Freedom vehicles not only for Line 5 but for other light-rail projects in Ontario. The first two deliveries were expected in the second quarter of 2015 but had not arrived by May 2017. After being unsure if a timely delivery of the Bombardier vehicle order could be relied upon, Metrolinx reduced the Bombardier order from 182 to 76 to supply just Line 5 and made a contingency order with Alstom for 61 Citadis Spirit vehicles, of which 44 would be for Line 5 and the remaining 17 for Line 6 Finch West. If the Flexity order did arrive after all, surplus Alstom vehicles would be used on other Metrolinx projects (most likely the Hurontario LRT in Mississauga in Peel Region). On October 30, 2018, Bombardier announced that the first Flexity Freedom vehicle had completed its in-house testing and would be delivered for on-site testing in Toronto in November 2018. However, the first vehicle arrived late, on January 8, 2019. As a commissioning test, each vehicle must travel before accepting passengers.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: A maintenance and storage facility is required for Line 5, given the new technology employed, track gauge and the number of vehicles ordered. The Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility will have storage for 162 Flexity Freedom LRT vehicles and have extensive maintenance facilities to keep them running smoothly. The facility is being built near the line's western terminus at Mount Dennis station on lands formerly occupied by Kodak's Toronto campus and near the Mount Dennis bus garage.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Under Mayor John Tory, Toronto City Council approved two extensions for Line 5 Eglinton, to the east and to the west, on March 31, 2016. The Eglinton West LRT is a Metrolinx project under construction. The Eglinton East LRT is a City of Toronto project still in the proposal stage. However, , the Eglinton East LRT has become a proposal for a separate line rather than an extension of Line 5.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In a later phase, Metrolinx had planned for the Eglinton Crosstown to be extended westwards from Mount Dennis along Eglinton Avenue West to Toronto Pearson International Airport. However, during the 2014 Toronto mayoral election, John Tory proposed SmartTrack, which would have included a heavy rail transit line established along this section of Eglinton Avenue. In 2016, the City of Toronto released a feasibility report that found this proposal would have significant capital costs ranging from $3.6billion to $7.7billion. In comparison, extending the Eglinton Crosstown as approved would cost $1.3billion. It was also found that a light rail transit line would attract higher ridership than a heavy rail line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The City of Toronto's chief planner recommended the extension of the Eglinton Crosstown line (referred to as Crosstown West) to Pearson Airport in lieu of establishing SmartTrack on Eglinton Avenue, based upon negative community impacts, higher costs, and lower projected ridership associated with a heavy rail corridor. On January 19, 2016, Tory agreed with the analysis and supported Metrolinx's original plan of extending the Crosstown. Tory included the Crosstown West as a light-rail component of his SmartTrack plan.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In June 2016, the estimated completion date was 2023. The estimated cost to build the Eglinton West LRT was $2.47billion of which the City of Toronto would contribute $1.18billion, the federal government would contribute $822.9million, and the City of Mississauga and the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) would be asked to contribute $470million for the portion of the line in Mississauga. Approvals for the financing were still to be secured as of November 2, 2016.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The 2010 Environmental Assessment for Transit City originally considered an entirely at-grade light rail line running west from Weston Road and Mount Dennis station. However, by October 2017, the City was considering grade separation using fly-overs and fly-unders at six intersections: Martin Grove Road, Kipling Avenue, Islington Avenue, Royal York Road, Scarlett Road, and Jane Street, with surface running between stations.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On November 21, 2017, city staff recommended just 10 stops along Eglinton West between Mount Dennis station and Renforth station on the Mississauga Transitway. The most recent recommendation dropped the stops at Rangoon, East Mall, and Russell / Eden Valley.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: At a City executive committee meeting on November 28, 2017, city staff recommended building the extension without any grade separation. City staff had concluded that a fully at-grade extension would provide better access for transit users and have fewer environmental impacts. Grade separation would have little improvement on traffic because the at-grade option would use signal coordination; however, grade separation would require fewer restrictions on left turns. There would be no difference in development potential with either option. However, because of feedback from the public and local politicians, Mayor John Tory recommended more study on grade separation. A fully at-grade extension was estimated to cost $1.5 to $2.1billion. Grade separation would add an extra $881.9million to $1.32billion to that cost.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In April 2019, Ontario premier Doug Ford, the brother of former Toronto mayor Rob Ford, announced a plan for transit in the Greater Toronto Area. This included the planned extension of Line 5 Eglinton west to Pearson Airport with a section of the line built underground from Royal York to Martin Grove. In February 2020, Metrolinx released an initial business case analysis of the project with four options, including three which were below-grade. Metrolinx ultimately decided on a mostly grade-separated line with 7 stations (4 underground, 2 elevated, 1 at ground level).


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Building a mostly grade-separated extension is expected to cost $4.7billion and would have 7 stations and an estimated 37,000 daily boardings. For comparison, a surface line would have cost $2.9billion and have had 10 ground-level stations and an estimated 42,500 daily boardings. Travel time savings on an underground line would be double that for a surface line, but the reduction in stations would lead to a lower estimated ridership, though local bus service would be retained. During the 2018 Ontario Provincial Election, the Liberal and Progressive Conservative candidates Yvan Baker and Kinga Surma supported the underground option. Of the three major parties, only the NDP candidate Erica Kelly supported the less expensive, higher ridership option. Doug Ford preferred underground construction.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The extension will run from Weston Road to Renforth Drive, just beyond the city limits in Mississauga, serving seven new stations. West of Mount Dennis, the line would emerge from a tunnel and become elevated for stops at Jane Street and Scarlett Road and in order to cross the Humber River. It would travel underground between Royal York Road and Martin Grove Road. The line would then come to the surface for a stop at Renforth station.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: For turning back trains, there will be crossovers on the west side of Jane station and on the east side of Renforth station. When the line is extended further west to the airport, there will be an additional crossover on the west side of Renforth station. Both Jane and Renforth stations will have pocket tracks. The delivery strategy from Metrolinx and Infrastructure Ontario includes 5 separate contracts: a first advance tunnel between Renforth Drive and Scarlett Road; a second advance tunnel between Jane Street and Mount Dennis Station; an elevated guideway between Scarlett Road and Jane Street; stations, rail and systems for the entire LRT; and the airport segment.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In May 2021, the consortium West End Connectors was awarded the contract to design, build and finance the tunnels for the extension, permitting the consortium to set up the tunnel launch site at Renforth Drive and Commerce Boulevard. West End Connectors is a consortium of companies that includes Aecon Infrastructure Management, Dragados Canada, Ghella Canada, TYPSA, EXP Services, Dr. G. Sauer & Partners, Pedelta Canada, ACS Infrastructure Canada, Aecon Concessions, Scotiabank Capital and Ghella Investments & Partnerships. There will be another tunnelled section starting a few hundred metres east of Jane Street, but this work will be part of a separate contract.<ref name="Metrolinx-2022/04/11"></ref>


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On April 11, 2022, tunnelling began from the launch shaft located adjacent to Renforth station; two tunnel-boring machines (TBM), dubbed Rexy and Renny, will tunnel eastwards to the west side of Scarlett Road, where the extraction shaft will be located. Each TBM weighs about , and are in diameter and in length. The tunnels will be underground. The underground stations will be built using the cut and cover method. Renny started boring in April 2022 but Rexy started later, in early August, as the launch area was only big enough to launch one TBM at a time. The extraction shaft will be near the west side of Scarlett Road.<ref name="Metrolinx-2022/08/05"></ref>


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On December 2021, Metrolinx issued a pre-qualification request for a design–build contract on the elevated guideway from the portal west of Scarlett Road to the portal east of Jane Street. On April 27, 2022, Metrolinx announced that 3 bidders had been shortlisted to respond to a request for proposals: Aecon, EllisDon, and Dragados & Amico.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: On December 2, 2021, Metrolinx and Infrastructure Ontario issued the request for qualification (RFQ) and shortlisted 2 bidders in the RFP release: Strabag and Acciona & GFL Construction. The contract was expected to be awarded in the second quarter of 2023.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: A later phase of the extension would run north along Commerce Boulevard to an elevated bridge which would carry the line over Highway 401. The line would become elevated again for a stop at Convair Drive, serving the GTAA headquarters and the aircraft and airfield maintenance areas, then at-grade for a stop at Silver Dart Drive, serving some car rental facilities. The rest of the route to Pearson had not been finalized as of 2020, but the line was intended to terminate at the proposed Pearson Regional Transit Centre located north of Pearson Airport Terminals 1 and 3.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The Eglinton East LRT (EELRT) is a proposed light-rail line extending from Kennedy station to Malvern Town Centre via Eglinton Avenue East, Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue. Unlike Line 5 Eglinton and the Eglinton West LRT, which are Metrolinx projects, the EELRT is a City of Toronto project. , the plan is that the EELRT be a separate line rather than an extension of Line 5: both the EELRT and Line 5 Eglinton would terminate at Kennedy station rather than operating as one continuous line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: , the estimated cost of the EELRT is $3.9billion with an expected opening in the early to mid-2030s. A ten-percent design and a revised cost estimate are expected in the third quarter of 2023.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Kennedy station would be the western terminus of the EELRT, where there would be passenger connections to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, Line 5 Eglinton and GO Transit's Stouffville line. It would be located at grade and off street on the south side of Eglinton Avenue and on the east side of the Stouffville line. From Kennedy station, the line would enter a reserved centre median on Eglinton Avenue between Town Haven Place and Midland Avenue. Running east on Eglinton Avenue East, the EELRT would pass Eglinton GO Station before turning northeast on Kingston Road and passing Guildwood GO Station. At Morningside Avenue, the line would turn north to Ellesmere Avenue where there would be connections to the planned Durham–Scarborough bus rapid transit corridor. At Ellesmere Avenue, the line would jog onto the University of Toronto Scarborough campus before returning to Morningside Avenue. The line would continue north to Sheppard Avenue East, then west on Sheppard Avenue to Malvern Road, then north to terminate at Malvern Town Centre. The plan also foresees a future branch of the line on Sheppard Avenue going west from Malvern Road to McCowan Road, where there would be a connection to the Scarborough Subway Extension (SSE) on Line 2. There would also be a short branch on Sheppard Avenue from Morningside Avenue east to Conlins Road to provide access to a proposed maintenance and storage facility.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The EELRT would use trains long or less and operate approximately at a 5-minute frequency. The EELRT would use its own distinct vehicles (i.e. different from those used on Line 5 Eglinton) in order to better adapt to the line's conditions: no running in tunnels, shorter trains and platforms, and a better ability to climb grades to avoid expensive road infrastructure changes.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In 2016, to complement the Scarborough Subway Extension (SSE), the planned extension of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth to Scarborough Town Centre, the City of Toronto drafted a plan to extend Line 5 Eglinton farther east into Scarborough to terminate at the University of Toronto Scarborough campus.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: Originally, the extension was to be long to serve "neighbourhood improvement areas" (often low-income areas) such as Eglinton East, Scarborough Junction, Morningside, Scarborough Village and West Hill. The extension would add 18 new stops east of Kennedy station and serve an estimated 43,400 additional riders per day (a ridership similar to that of the Line 4 Sheppard subway).


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The extension would follow the alignment of the Scarborough Malvern LRT, which was proposed as part of Transit City. In 2010, the Scarborough Malvern LRT was cancelled by Mayor Rob Ford, despite having been approved by Toronto City Council and the Government of Ontario in 2009.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In early 2016, the plan for the Scarborough Malvern LRT was revived and rebranded as "Crosstown East" before being renamed again to "Eglinton East" in 2017. , the project was mostly unfunded, with the cost estimated at $1.6billion to $1.7billion, with an estimated completion date of 2023.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: At a November 2017 public meeting, city staff presented the possibility of extending the Eglinton East LRT by six stops to Malvern Town Centre. The Malvern extension would be long. The extension to Malvern Town Centre would have seven stops: at Pan Am Drive, Sheppard/Morningside, Brenyon Way, Murison Boulevard, Sheppard/Neilson, Wickson Trail, and Malvern Town Centre.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In April 2019, Ontario premier Doug Ford announced a plan for Toronto rapid transit which included the Eglinton West LRT, the Scarborough Subway Extension, the Yonge North Extension and the Ontario Line. The Eglinton East LRT was noticeably not included and was left off the accompanying map. , the City of Toronto and the TTC were in the process of implementing bus-only lanes from Kennedy station to the University of Toronto Scarborough campus via Eglinton Avenue, Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue as part of the RapidTO bus rapid transit scheme, which approximates the route of the Eglinton East LRT. The lanes were anticipated to be fully installed and operational by that November. As well as "red carpet" bus lanes, bus stops were also consolidated to approximately the same configuration and frequency of proposed LRT stations, with certain lower-order curbside stopssuch as those at Huntington Avenue, Brimley Road, Oswego/Barbados Roads and Torrance Avenuebeing removed entirely.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In December 2020, the City of Toronto announced changes to the Eglinton East LRT proposal. The tunnel portal would be extended eastwards to Huntington Avenue due to changes in the Scarborough Subway Extension project, which involved modifying the depth of the tunnel as well as adding a third subway track for service improvements. A station at Midland Avenue was moved underground as a result. A new maintenance and storage facility north of the University of Toronto Scarborough was added to the plan as a result of the Sheppard East LRT cancellation. Originally, both the Eglinton East LRT and the Sheppard East LRT were to have shared a maintenance and storage facility at Conlins Road east of Sheppard and Morningside. The other aspects of the project remained the same, including a tunnel under Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue due to traffic congestion at the Kingston/Lawrence and Morningside area.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: The Government of Ontario announced funding for various public transit projects in 2019, but none of the announced funding was earmarked for the EELRT. However, since the province had agreed to fully fund the Scarborough Subway Extension, Mayor John Tory requested in 2021 that the $1.2billion the city had accumulated for that project be redirected to the Eglinton East line.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: In 2020, Toronto City Council had approved the concept of the EELRT being an extension of the Metrolinx-owned Line 5 Eglinton. However, by 2022, city planning staff concluded a through-service connection at Kennedy station was not feasible as an EELRT tunnel would be only above the SSE tunnel at Kennedy station, and the SSE tunnel structure would not be strong enough to safely support an EELRT tunnel above it. Thus, city staff proposed a "distinct-service concept" for the EELRT. Doing so would result in lower construction costs, a shorter construction period, fewer private property impacts and design flexibility. With this flexibility, the EELRT would not need to conform to Line 5's technology, operations, and maintenance requirements. The city could choose another type of light-rail vehicle and would use the Conlins Yard as the line's maintenance and storage facility. Previously considered tunnels between Kennedy station and Midland Avenue and under Kingston Road would be replaced by surface alignments.


title: Line 5 Eglinton

text: A July 2022 TTC report dubbed the standalone line as "Line 7 Eglinton East", thus assigning a TTC route number to the EELRT.


title: FN Model 1910

text: The FN Model 1910 is a blowback-operated, semi-automatic pistol designed by John Browning and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale of Belgium.


title: FN Model 1910

text: The FN Model 1910, also known as the Browning model 1910, was a departure for Browning. Before, his designs were produced by both FN in Europe and Colt Firearms in the United States. Since Colt did not want to produce it, Browning chose to patent and produce this design in Europe only. Introduced in 1910, this pistol used a novel operating spring location surrounding the barrel. This location became the standard in such future weapons as the Walther PPK and Russian Makarov.


title: FN Model 1910

text: It incorporated the standard Browning striker-firing mechanism and a grip safety along with a magazine safety and an external safety lever (known as the "triple safety") in a compact package. Offered in both .380 ACP (6-round magazine) and .32 ACP (7-round magazine) calibres, it remained in production until 1983. It is possible to switch calibres by changing only the barrel. However, FN never offered packages containing a single pistol with both calibre barrels.


title: FN Model 1910

text: A variant of the Model 1910 was known variously as the Model 1922 or 1910/22. This was a larger model with a longer barrel (113 mm), slide extension, and a longer grip frame to accommodate an extra two rounds. This model was aimed at military and police contracts and many examples were produced for various agencies. The FN Model 1910 was initially designed for the Kingdom of Serbia. In 1913, a purchase order for 235, Model 1910 semi automatic pistols was made by the Serbian National Army. The purchase was made for the 1st and 2nd Timok infantry divisions of the first army.


title: FN Model 1910

text: 1910/1922 pistols went on to see extensive service in World War Two, and continued to be manufactured by the Germans after their occupation of Belgium and seizure of the FN factory. These examples carry Nazi production stamps, and most have simple chequered wood grips instead of the earlier horn or plastic grips bearing the FN logo.


title: FN Model 1910

text: The FN Model 1922 was also used by the following countries: Yugoslavia (60,000 "Automatski pistolj (Brauning) 9mm M.22" between 1923 and 1930), The Netherlands, Greece, Turkey, Romania, France, Finland, Denmark, and West Germany in the post war period. While the Model 1910 was widely sold on both civilian and military markets, the Model 1922 was considered specifically a military and police pistol, with FN offering it to individual civilians only by special order.


title: FN Model 1910

text: In 1955, the Browning Arms Company introduced the Model 1910 pistol for the American market as the Model 1955. Made in Belgium, this model was virtually identical to the European model except for the markings and grips. Importation ceased in 1968 due to the passage of stricter gun-control laws in the U.S.


title: FN Model 1910

text: Another version, the Model 1971, featured a longer barrel and slide (similar in length to the Model 1922, but with a one-piece slide), adjustable sights, a finger-rest magazine, and enlarged "target" grips. These features were intended to comply with the Gun Control Act of 1968 which had halted import of the Model 1955.


title: FN Model 1910

text: The or Hamada Type Automatic handgun was a semi-automatic pistol developed in 1941 for use by the Empire of Japan during World War II. Developed by Bunji Hamada, the pistol took its basic design from the Model 1910 Browning. Production occurred at the Japanese Firearms Manufacturing Company, with only minor changes made as the war progressed.


title: FN Model 1910

text: An FN M1910, serial number 19074, chambered in .380 ACP was the handgun used by Gavrilo Princip to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, the act that precipitated the First World War. Numerous previous sources erroneously cited the FN Model 1900 in .32 calibre as being the weapon Princip used. This has led to confusion over the calibre of the pistol actually used.


title: FN Model 1910

text: Paul Doumer, President of France, was assassinated by Russian emigre Paul Gorguloff on 6 May 1932 with a Model 1910 in .32 ACP. The pistol is now in the Musée des Collections Historiques de la Préfecture de Police. A Model 1910 was also allegedly used to assassinate Huey Long, governor of Louisiana, on 5 September 1935. During the world wars, the FN 1910 was used by the militaries of Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Finland, Japan (private orders for Japanese officers), and by Peru and Venezuela postwar.


title: FN Model 1910

text: Hannie Schaft used a model M1922 during her assassinations as part of the Dutch communist resistance against Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: "Oh My Darling, Clementine" is an American western folk ballad in trochaic meter usually credited to Percy Montross (or Montrose) (1884), although it is sometimes credited to Barker Bradford.


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: Multiple variations of the song exist, but all center on Clementine, the daughter of a "miner forty-niner" and the singer's lover. One day while performing routine chores, Clementine trips and falls into a raging torrent and drowns, as her lover is unable to swim and declines to attempt to rescue her. In Montross's version, the song ends somewhat farcical by noting he will not go so far as necrophilia: "Though in life I used to hug her, now she's dead – I'll draw the line."


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: The lyrics were written by Percy Montross in 1884, based on an earlier song called "Down by the River Liv'd a Maiden". The origin of the melody is unknown. In his book "South from Granada", Gerald Brenan claims that the melody was from an old Spanish ballad, made popular by Mexican miners during the California Gold Rush. It was best known from "Romance del Conde Olinos o Niño", a sad love story very popular in Spanish-speaking cultures. It was also given various English translations. No particular source is cited to verify that the song he used to hear in the 1920s in a remote Spanish village was not an old text with new music, but Brenan states in his preface that all the information in his book has been checked reasonably well.


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: It is unclear when, where and by whom the song was first recorded in English, but the first version to reach the "Billboard" charts was that by Bing Crosby recorded on June 14, 1941, which briefly reached the No. 20 spot. It was given an updated and up-tempo treatment in an arrangement by Hal Hopper and John Scott Trotter. The re-written lyrics include a reference to Gene Autry ("could he sue me, Clementine?") amongst the five swinging verses.


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: Bobby Darin recorded a version of the song in 1960, with lyrics credited to Woody Harris, in which Clementine is reimagined as a 299-pound woman. After she falls into the water, Darin suggests that Clementine could be mistaken for a whale and calls out to those on the high seas to watch for her, in a rhythm and style reminiscent of Darin's rendition of "Mack the Knife": "Hey you sailor, way out in your whaler, with your harpoon and your trusty line, if she shows now, yell... there she blows now. It just may be chunky Clementine."


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: Jan and Dean had a hit with "Clementine", charting as high as 65 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was released on the Dore label (SP DORE 539 (US)) in November, 1959; "You're on My Mind" was the B Side.


title: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: Tom Lehrer recorded a set of variations on the song in 1959 on his live album "An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer", demonstrating his theory that "folk songs are so atrocious because they were written by the people." He performs the first verse in the style of Cole Porter, the second in the style of "Mozart or one of that crowd", the third in a disjointed bebop sound parodying the style of Beat Generation musicians like Slim Gaillard or Babs Gonzales, and the final verse in the style of Gilbert and Sullivan.


title: Flogging Molly

text: Flogging Molly is an Irish-American seven-piece Celtic punk band formed in Los Angeles in 1997, led by Irish vocalist Dave King, formerly of the hard rock band Fastway. They are signed to their own record label, Borstal Beat Records.


title: Flogging Molly

text: Prior to forming Flogging Molly, Dublin-born Dave King was the lead singer for heavy metal band Fastway featuring guitarist "Fast" Eddie Clarke of Motörhead in the early to mid '80s. He later fronted a hard rock band called Katmandu (1991), featuring Mandy Meyer of Krokus on guitars. Afterwards, Dave King retained a record deal with Epic Records and began to work on a solo album, but began to reconsider his record deal when the label opposed his idea of bringing in traditional Irish instruments. King negotiated out of his record deal to go his own way musically soon after.


title: Flogging Molly

text: In 1993, King met guitarist Ted Hutt, bassist Jeff Peters, drummer Paul Crowder and violin player Bridget Regan and put together a rock band with a Celtic feel. They began to play a mix of Irish traditional and rock. Putting Dave's poetic lyrics to rocking melodies, they played at a Los Angeles pub called Molly Malone's weekly, building a small but loyal following. Together, they wrote songs such as "Black Friday Rule" and "Selfish Man", which was the beginning of Flogging Molly's sound. Ted and Jeff then left Flogging Molly because an earlier band of theirs, Reacharound, received a record deal. Dave and Bridget began to find new members and the current band was formed.


title: Flogging Molly

text: They continued a routine of playing every Monday night at Molly Malone's. They put out a live album, "Alive Behind the Green Door" in 1997. In an interview with "Kerrang!" magazine, King stated that the band's name comes from the bar (Molly Malone's) that faithfully supported the band from the very beginning, "We used to play there every Monday night and we felt like we were flogging it to death, so we called the band Flogging Molly." They were signed onto SideOneDummy Records after a show when the record company's owners attended a concert and noted their intensity.


title: Flogging Molly

text: Flogging Molly has released an independent (26f Records) live album titled "Alive Behind the Green Door", as well as seven studio albums: "Swagger", "Drunken Lullabies", "Within a Mile of Home", "Float", "Speed of Darkness", "Life Is Good", and "Anthem"; and an acoustic/live DVD/cd combo "Whiskey on a Sunday", which has gone platinum. They have toured with the Warped Tour, Larry Kirwan's American Fléadh Festival and contributed to the Rock Against Bush project. They have sold in excess of a million and a half copies of recorded output as of December 6, 2006.


title: Flogging Molly

text: In March 2007, the band released an exclusive EP through iTunes entitled "Complete Control Sessions". The EP includes two new tracks, as well as acoustic versions of previously released songs. A year later Flogging Molly released "Float", an album dubbed "one of the most important CDs of the year, if not the decade" by Alternative Press. Flogging Molly also recognized the album as influential to their career as their first album recorded in Ireland (though mixed in California) by producer Ryan Hewitt. Fans met the release with great anticipation and enthusiasm, landing it at No. 4 on the Billboard Top 200 Chart. The album includes the band's first two chart singles, "Requiem for a Dying Song" (which hit No. 35 on the Billboard Modern Rock charts) and "Float" (which hit No. 40). Another accolade came to the band in June 2009 when their album "Drunken Lullabies" went gold.


title: Flogging Molly

text: Flogging Molly released a live DVD/CD set called "Live at the Greek Theater" in March 2010. The 3-disc set (double CD + full-length DVD) captures Flogging Molly's performance at the Greek Theatre on September 12, 2009, and includes content spanning the band's entire catalog. The band appeared in the 2011 season premiere of Austin City Limits.


title: Flogging Molly

text: On March 10, 2016, the band released their first new material in five years, a single titled "The Hand of John L. Sullivan", honoring the Irish-American boxer of the same name. It is also the first studio recording with new drummer Mike Alonso. "Life Is Good" was released the following year and the band's follow-up to that was 2022's "Anthem".


title: Flogging Molly

text: From March 13 to 16, 2015, Flogging Molly began hosting a yearly Caribbean cruise. The 2015 Salty Dog Cruise Cruise featured shows by the band and many others, over three days leaving from Miami to Nassau and Great Stirrup Cay on the "Norwegian Sky". All bands performed two times on the stages throughout the ship or on the special stage set on Norwegian's private island of Great Stirrup Cay.


title: Flogging Molly

text: In 2016, from March 18 to 21, the second yearly cruise took the same itinerary on the same ship and hosted, among others, Rancid, Fishbone, Frank Turner, Street Dogs and The Tossers.


title: Flogging Molly

text: In 2017, the "Enchantment of the Seas" hosted the third annual cruise that left on March 10 to Coco Cay and Nassau, until coming back to Miami on March 13. The guests invited by the band were NOFX, DeVotchKa, Less Than Jake, The English Beat, The Skatalites, The Bouncing Souls, Dylan Walshe and many others.


title: Flogging Molly

text: On August 21, 2017, the band announced that the 2018 cruise will take place April 20–23, leaving from Miami, sailing to Key West and to Great Stirrup Cay. Originally, the cruise was supposed to take place on the "Enchantment of the Seas" as in 2017; however, the ship was changed and the Norwegian Sky has been announced. The line-up includes The Offspring, Buzzcocks, The Vandals, Lagwagon, and Mad Caddies, among others.


title: Flogging Molly

text: Flogging Molly's music is influenced by various artists, such as The Dubliners, The Pogues, Horslips, Johnny Cash, The Clash. The album "Within a Mile of Home" is dedicated to the memories of Cash and The Clash frontman Joe Strummer.


title: Flogging Molly

text: Their music ranges from boisterous Celtic punk, like the pirate-themed "Salty Dog", "Cruel Mistress", and "Seven Deadly Sins" or the defiant "What's Left of the Flag", "Drunken Lullabies", and "Rebels of the Sacred Heart" to more somber songs like "Far Away Boys", "The Son Never Shines (On Closed Doors)", "Life in a Tenement Square" and "Float". Lyrics typically touch on subjects such as Ireland and its history, drinking, poverty, politics, love, and death and include several references to the Catholic Church. "What's Left of the Flag" and "The Likes of You Again" were written as tributes to Dave King's father, who died when King was a child.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Camp Lazlo is an American animated television series created by Joe Murray for Cartoon Network. The series follows Lazlo, an anthropomorphic spider monkey that goes to a camp called "Camp Kidney", a Boy Scout-like summer camp in Pimpleback Mountains. Lazlo resides in the "Jelly Bean" cabin with his fellow Bean Scouts; Raj, an Indian elephant, and Clam, a pygmy rhinoceros. Lazlo is often at odds with his pessimistic camp leader, Scoutmaster Lumpus, but usually gets along well with the second-in-command, Slinkman and other campers. Camp Kidney sits just across the lake from Acorn Flats, which is home to the campsite of the all-female Squirrel Scouts (which functions somewhat similarly to the Girl Scouts). "Camp Lazlo" was one of the first Cartoon Network Studios series produced in a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, despite originally being broadcast in the full screen aspect ratio of 4:3.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: "Camp Lazlo" was produced by Cartoon Network Studios. Its style of humor is similar to the Nickelodeon series "Rocko's Modern Life", which Murray also created and worked on. The series premiered on Cartoon Network on July 8, 2005, and ran for five seasons comprising 61 episodes and the hour-long television special, "". The final episode aired on March 27, 2008. During its run, the series won three Primetime Emmy Awards and three Pulcinella Awards, and was nominated for another Emmy and an Annie Award. Spin-off media include DVDs, restaurant promotions, a video game, and digital download releases.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: The series is set in a universe inhabited solely by anthropomorphic animals of many species and focuses on a trio of campers attending a poorly run summer camp known as Camp Kidney. The trio consists of Lazlo, the eccentric, optimistic spider monkey; Raj, the timid Indian elephant; and Clam, the quiet albino pygmy rhinoceros, and their multiple surreal misadventures.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Other characters include the selfish, ill-tempered moose Scoutmaster Lumpus and his mild-mannered assistant Slinkman the banana slug, the boys' assortment of fellow campers including the disgruntled, surly platypus Edward, the two unintelligent, dirt-loving dung beetles Chip and Skip, and the klutzy, accident-prone, geeky Guinea pig Samson. There's also a rival summer camp called Acorn Flats, which is attended solely by girls, primarily focusing on Lazlo, Raj, and Clam's respective female counterparts attending that camp; Patsy the adventurous mongoose who has a major crush on Lazlo, Gretchen the short-tempered alligator, Nurse Leslie the pink nurse shark who is a doctor and Nina the bookish, sci-fi-loving giraffe, along with the object of Scoutmaster Lumpus's affections, Miss Doe (a female deer), the head of Acorn Flats.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Murray said that, as he did in "Rocko's Modern Life", he matched the personalities of characters to various animals.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Some episodes may involve the Bean Scouts' attempts at unveiling the truth behind camp legends or clowning around, infuriating their peers or placing themselves in a variety of odd situations commonly based around traditional or fictionalized, bizarre camp activities.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: The setting of the show was designed to deliberately bring a nostalgic feeling of childhood summer camps and "evoke a comfortable place to visit". The colors instill the "feeling" of summer camp, rather than basing color schemes on real-life colors; Murray and Sue Mondt, the art director, chose the colors. In "Camp Lazlo", the sky can be yellow, and trees are not always green and brown. For the architecture and objects, books with cabins, camps and Native American artifacts were consulted. Ultimately, Murray wanted to create a place where nature prevails, and the hustle and bustle of real-life is left behind, with no technology to distract from the impressions of camp life. He describes the camp as having a "retro" feel. Murray likes 1950s and early 1960s designs of objects like advertising art, lamps, and old vacation brochures, and he said that the "brushy quality that developed at that time" heavily influenced the setting.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: After "Rocko's Modern Life" concluded production in 1996, series creator Joe Murray kept a notebook of ideas for television shows and books. Murray attributes some of his most fond memories to days at summer camp; Murray said that he attended summer camp every summer for "4 or 5 years in a row" and that he "couldn't really get the scouting thing down". He also described cartoons with pastoral settings, such as the Bugs Bunny cartoons of the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series and "Yogi Bear", as having a "calming" effect due to the tree-filled backgrounds. At the time he believed that too many futuristic themes appeared in media and literature, so he wished to create a series that would "get back to nature".


title: Camp Lazlo

text: "Camp Lazlo" originated from a camp-related children's book series concept by Murray that, according to him, "outgrew its medium". As Murray developed the concept, he felt that his "lunatic characters wanted to live" and decided that a simple story could not sufficiently house his characters. Murray desired to create a series about a group of children without "high tech stimulus" and "in nature".


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Linda Simensky, who had previously worked with Murray on "Rocko", had since moved to Cartoon Network and called Murray to solicit a new series. After an initial hesitation, Murray sent Simensky the idea for a show with a working title of "3 Beans". Simensky "thought it sounded too much like a salad", so Murray changed the name to "Camp Lazlo". When approval was given, Murray decided to produce the show at Cartoon Network Studios and his studio Joe Murray Productions, and brought Mark O'Hare on as co-producer.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: According to Murray, the greenlight to produce "Lazlo" had been initially given and later revoked, leaving Murray and Mark O'Hare "pissed" and "depressed". Murray believed that an executive was not "completely sold" by the series, and worked to have the series receive definite approval. Production of "Camp Lazlo" began in 2004 and ended in 2007; November 2007 saw the beginning of the series' final production run. The series would later have writers that would go on to create their own shows, such as Thurop Van Orman, who later created "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack" in 2008, and J. G. Quintel, who later created "Regular Show" in 2010 and "Close Enough" in 2020.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Murray felt that "Camp Lazlo" successfully appealed to younger children because his prior experiences with his own children helped him determine details that children found humorous. Murray said that he resisted the urge inside of him to micromanage the production and instead approved aspects and contributions related to the show. He said that he had "a lot of pre-production time" and therefore details became established before the show aired on television. His main philosophies expressed in the show include the phrase "be who you are" and that one should question authority unless the issue is "a safety issue." Murray said that he avoids sending "messages" to children and that he hoped that his television show did not contain "too many messages."


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Murray asked many staff members who participated in creating "Rocko's Modern Life" to return and perform duties for "Camp Lazlo", describing his main tactic to attract the crew as "coercion". Murray wanted the "Rocko's Modern Life" crew as it "knows my sensibilities" and gained ten years of experience. Crew members of "Rocko's Modern Life", such as Robert Scull or Peter Burns, have worked on this show. For season one, Murray hired among others comedy writer Martin Olson, who had collaborated with Murray on some of the most successful stories for "Rocko's Modern Life".


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Murray said that he likes storybook art and the works of Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse; the styles influenced the visual style of "Camp Lazlo". He also describes "great comic book artists" as important to himself and Mark O'Hare. The team created some backgrounds using "Acryl Gouache," a mixture of acrylic paint and gouache. Rough Draft Studios, a South Korean studio, produced the "Camp Lazlo" footage.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Murray asked Tom Kenny to voice characters because Murray felt that Kenny "adds writing to his roles" and "brings so much." Murray looked for "comedic timing" in his voice actors, and therefore he used many stand-up comics and sketch actors. Carlos Alazraqui, who voiced Rocko from "Rocko's Modern Life", voices Lazlo. Mr. Lawrence, who voiced Filburt, voices Edward and the Loons.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: The opening theme song, "Lazlo Was His Name-O", was based on the children's folk song "Bingo", which was adapted, with new lyrics, by American musician Terry Scott Taylor. The music score for the show was composed by Andy Paley, and features original camp songs, bluegrass and cowboy swing. Joe Murray explained that the team often used "strange instruments" such as washboards, and the musical saw. In addition to Paley's music score, the show also utilized many tracks from the APM Music library.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Ray Richmond of "The Hollywood Reporter" posted his review of the series on July 7, 2005. Richmond said that his child enjoyed the show but did not ask to see it again. Richmond said that the show forms "plenty lively and a nice, safe way for a child viewer to spend a half-hour". Richmond said that the show has too much "self-consciously precious" humor; the reviewer said that the trait may not factor for children and described children as "demanding and non-discriminating at the same time."


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Ginia Bellafante of "The New York Times" said that if she became "socio-analytical about the Lazlo enterprise," Camp Kidney appears to be a stand-in for "our culture of obsessive parenting."


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Kathie Huddleston, a reporter for the "Science Fiction Weekly", created a favorable review of "Camp Lazlo".


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Joly Herman of "Common Sense Media" posted a review of the show on Go.com. Herman describes the humor used in the "Camp Lazlo" as making it an "unpredictable show for younger viewers." Herman gave the show two stars out of five.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: "Camp Lazlo" was released in HD remasters partially on Boomerang's streaming service in 2018, completing the HD release of the show in its entirety in June 2019. The complete series was also released on HBO Max in Latin America.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Prior to "Camp Lazlo"s premiere on Cartoon Network, a Press Kit for the show was given away as a promotional item, containing fact sheets on the show and a DVD with four episodes (2 half-hour episodes): "Gone Fishin' (Sort of) / Beans Are from Mars" and "Parasitic Pal / It's No Picnic". This item is now only available through a second-hand market.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: On July 18, 2007, Madman Entertainment of Australia released a set of two DVDs encoded for Region 4 of season one episodes. No further information is available about a Region 1 release or additional seasons.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Two episodes have also appeared on Cartoon Network-themed DVDs. "Hello Dolly" appeared on the "Cartoon Network Fridays – Volume 1" DVD, released on September 19, 2006. "Snow Beans", a winter-themed episode of the show, was released on the "Cartoon Network Christmas: Volume Three" DVD on October 3, 2006.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: A video game for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance called "Camp Lazlo: Leaky Lake Games" was released on November 6, 2006, as a tie-in to the show. The game is published by Crave Entertainment and developed by Collision Studios. The player plays as the three main characters (Lazlo, Clam and Raj) to compete in a series of game challenges and earn merit badges in the Leaky Lake Games event. That will allow them to compete against the Squirrel Scouts in a final tournament. In the game, the player meets characters, such as Scoutmaster Lumpus, Mr. Slinkman, Edward, and others to receive hints and directions in achieving goals and completing timed mini-games.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: "Camp Lazlo" characters appeared in a 2007 commercial for the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's, which advertised various Cartoon Network characters being included as action figure toys in Happy Meals, including those from "Camp Lazlo". Murray did not want the series to be used in Happy Meals; the only action he could take was refusing to appear in the television commercials. Murray stated on his website that he will not explain his opposition to Happy Meals due to his respect for the effort placed by Cartoon Network "marketing people". Murray stated that his opinions are his alone and do not reflect the opinions of Cartoon Network. He said that he appreciates Cartoon Network's "campaign for healthier eating habits for kids". "C" Raggio, a character designer, appeared in the commercials instead.


title: Camp Lazlo

text: Lazlo, Clam and Raj made cameo appearances during the end credits of the "" and "The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy" crossover episode "The Grim Adventures of the KND", mixed with the characters of "Evil Con Carne". Lazlo made a cameo in the "MAD" episode "Taking Nemo / Once Upon a Toon", as one of the cartoon characters who forgotten their identity. Lumpus and Edward briefly appeared in the "Villainous" episode "The Lost Cases of Elmore". Lazlo made a cameo in the "OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes" episode "Crossover Nexus", as one of the cartoon characters who turned into stones by Strike.


title: Tater tots

text: Tater tots are grated potatoes formed into small cylinders and deep-fried, often served as a side dish. The name "tater tot" is a registered trademark of the American frozen food company Ore-Ida, but is often used as a generic term. "Tater" is short for "potato".


title: Tater tots

text: Tater tots were invented in 1953 when American frozen food company Ore-Ida founders F. Nephi Grigg, Golden Grigg, and Ross Erin Butler Sr. were trying to figure out what to do with leftover slivers of cut-up potatoes. They chopped up the slivers, added flour and seasoning, then pushed the mash through holes and sliced off pieces of the extruded mixture. The product was first offered commercially in stores in 1956.


title: Tater tots

text: The name "Tater Tot" is a registered trademark of Ore-Ida—which has been a subsidiary of Heinz since 1965—but has become so widely associated with the dish that it is often used as a generic term. "Tater" is short for "potato". The name "Tater Tot" was created in the 1950s, and soon trademarked by a member of the Ore-Ida company's research committee who used a thesaurus to come up with an alliterative name.


title: Tater tots

text: Originally, the product was very inexpensive; according to advertising lectures at Iowa State University, people did not buy it at first because there was no perceived value. When the price was raised, people began buying it. Today, Americans consume approximately of Tater Tots, or 3,710,000,000 Tots per year.


title: Tater tots

text: Recently, some vegetable companies (e.g. Green Giant brand) have introduced "veggie tots" which seek to substitute more nutritionally dense vegetables for the potato (e.g. broccoli and cauliflower).


title: Tater tots

text: Tater tots, locally known as "mat-gamja" (), are a common "bunsik" item in Korea. It is often served in a paper cup, with drizzled sweet gochujang-based sauce.


title: Tater tots

text: In the United Kingdom, Ross Frozen Foods once produced "Oven Crunchies" which are no longer available, although generic versions remain widely available.


title: Tater tots

text: In the United States, tater tots are common at school-lunch counters and cafeterias. They are also sold in the frozen food sections of grocery stores. Some fast-food restaurants also offer them.


title: Tater tots

text: Supermarket chain Safeway sells a generic brand of tater tots known as "Tater Treats". Cascadian Farm calls its line "Spud Puppies". Sonic drive-in also features tater tots on their regular menu: available toppings include cheese and chili. Sonic also sells "Cheesy Tots", coin-shaped tots that contain melted cheese and potatoes. Several restaurants in the Pacific Northwest offer a nacho version of tots known as "totchos", covered in nacho cheese sauce and toppings. Totchos were invented by publican Jim Parker in Portland, Oregon.


title: Tater tots

text: Some Mexican-style fast-food restaurants offer seasoned tater tots: Taco Time and Señor Frog's call them "Mexi-Fries", while Taco Bell used to sell them as "Mexi-Nuggets" and "Border Fries". Taco Mayo in the Southwest offers round disc-shaped tater tots called "Potato Locos". Taco John's also has coin shaped tots called "Potato Olés".


title: Tater tots

text: Food franchises Potato Corner and Papa John’s also offer tater tots in select locations, though in the latter case these are branded as ‘Potato Tots’.


title: Tater tots

text: In Australia and New Zealand, they are known as "potato gems", "potato royals" or "potato pom-poms". The New Zealand Pizza Hut franchise offers "Hash Bites" as a side dish, available alone or with an aioli dipping sauce.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: "Blink" is the tenth episode of the third series of the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". It was first broadcast on 9 June 2007 on BBC One. The episode was directed by Hettie MacDonald and is the only episode in the 2007 series written by Steven Moffat. The episode is based on a previous short story written by Moffat for the 2006 "Doctor Who Annual", entitled "'What I Did on My Christmas Holidays' By Sally Sparrow".


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: In the episode, the Tenth Doctor—a time travelling alien played by David Tennant—is trapped in 1969 and tries to communicate with a young woman in 2007, Sally Sparrow (Carey Mulligan), to prevent the statue-like Weeping Angels from taking control of the TARDIS. Sparrow and her best friend's brother, Larry Nightingale (Finlay Robertson), must unravel a set of cryptic clues sent through time by the marooned Doctor, left in DVD Easter eggs.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: Both the Doctor and his companion Martha Jones, played by Freema Agyeman, have very little screen time in this episode, which let another episode be filmed simultaneously; "Blink" is consequently sometimes referred to by fans as a "Doctor-lite" episode. The scenes at Wester Drumlins were shot in a derelict house in Newport. To create the angels, two actresses wore makeup and prosthetics. The episode was seen by 6.62 million viewers in the United Kingdom.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: "Blink" received widespread critical acclaim, and is widely considered to be one of the best episodes of the show. Moffat won the BAFTA Craft and BAFTA Cymru awards for Best Writer, and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form; while for her single performance in the series, Mulligan won the Constellation Award for Best Female Performance in a 2007 Science Fiction Television Episode. In 2009 the episode was voted the second best "Doctor Who" story ever by readers of "Doctor Who Magazine".


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: In 2007, Sally Sparrow, intrigued by a message written to her under peeling wallpaper about "the Weeping Angel", explores the abandoned house Wester Drumlins with her friend Kathy Nightingale. Kathy is sent back in time to 1920 by a Weeping Angel statue. At that moment, Kathy's grandson, Malcolm, delivers to the house a message from 1987 about the long life Kathy led. Before leaving, Sally takes a Yale key hanging from the hand of a statue. Sally visits Kathy's brother, Larry, at work to tell him that Kathy loves him, as the letter requested. Larry explains that he has been documenting an "Easter egg" in seventeen different DVDs containing a video message of a man having half of a conversation with the viewer. Larry gives Sally a list of the DVDs. Four Weeping Angel statues follow Sally to the police station, where they take an impounded fake police box and send DI Billy Shipton back to 1969. The man in the Easter egg, a time traveller called the Doctor, has also been sent to the past, and asks Billy to relay a message decades later. Billy puts the Easter egg on the DVDs. In 2007, a much older Billy phones Sally to visit him on his deathbed in the hospital. Before he dies, Billy instructs Sally to "look at the list". The list is Sally's own DVD collection.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: Sally and Larry return to the house and play the Easter egg on a portable DVD player. Sally discovers she can converse with the Doctor in 1969, as he possesses a copy of the complete transcript that Larry is currently compiling. The Doctor explains that aliens called Weeping Angels turn to stone statues when any living creature observes them, and are preternaturally fast when they are not. He fears they are seeking to feed on the vast reserves of time energy in the police box, which is his time machine the TARDIS, and could cause enormous damages as a result.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: A Weeping Angel pursues Sally and Larry to the basement where the TARDIS is. Sally and Larry use the Yale key to hide inside, while the four Weeping Angels attack. Larry inserts a now-glowing DVD, which also functions as a control disk, in the console's DVD player. The ship returns to the Doctor, while leaving Sally and Larry behind. The Weeping Angels standing around the TARDIS get tricked into looking at each other and are permanently frozen. A year later, Sally meets the Doctor prior to his being stuck in 1969. She hands him Larry's transcript, and warns that he will need it.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: "Blink" was written by Steven Moffat. Part of the story for "Blink" is based on Moffat's Ninth Doctor short story from the "Doctor Who Annual 2006" called "'What I Did on My Christmas Holidays' by Sally Sparrow". The short story is presented as a homework essay from Sally, though only 12 years old, who encounters evidence of the Doctor's presence from the past in her aunt's house while visiting. "What I Did" includes several elements that are reused in "Blink", including messages under the wallpaper and an ontological paradox involving a conversation between Sally and the Doctor, prerecorded on a video cassette, based on a written transcript—the essay itself; however, instead of the Weeping Angels, "What I Did" features the Doctor and the TARDIS inadvertently separated twenty years in time by a fault in the time machine, and the Doctor is able to instruct Sally how to bring it back to him in the past.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: Moffat had held the idea of the Weeping Angels since seeing an angel statue in a graveyard whilst on a family holiday, and had planned to use them for the next series in the episodes that became "Silence in the Library" and "Forest of the Dead". However, after withdrawing from the writing of series three's first two-part story—Helen Raynor took over these episodes, writing "Daleks in Manhattan" and "Evolution of the Daleks"—Moffat volunteered to write the series' Doctor-lite episode and opted to use the Weeping Angels in what would become "Blink". Moffat was also inspired to write the episode based on the popular children's game Statues, which he always found "frightening". Murray Gold, the composer for the series, later compared the creatures to the moving ghostly topiary animals in Stephen King's 1977 horror novel "The Shining".


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: "Blink" is the third story of the revived series to be adapted for television by the same writer from a piece of their spin-off writing. It follows the "Human Nature" and "The Family of Blood" story arc, which was adapted by Paul Cornell from his 1995 novel "Human Nature"; and "Dalek", which used the basic premise as well as several scenes and lines of dialogue adapted by Robert Shearman from his 2003 audio drama "Jubilee". "Blink" is referred to as a "Doctor-Lite" episode because the Doctor and his companion have very little screen time. This allowed two episodes to be filmed simultaneously, a process known as "double banking". The practice began with the 2006 entry "Love & Monsters", and continued for episodes such as "Turn Left", "Midnight", and "The Girl Who Waited". Moffat stated that he felt relaxed when he was writing the script for "Blink", for if it proved to be unpopular, he could blame the "Doctor-lite" structure of the episode. Due to the show's tight schedule, "Blink" had only one script meeting.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: "Blink" was directed by Hettie MacDonald, making her the first female director of a "Doctor Who" episode since the Sixth Doctor serial "The Mark of the Rani". Russell T Davies, the series' executive producer, later noted that, due to MacDonald's work, the episode included some of "the most beautiful [visuals] we've ever had". British actress Carey Mulligan was chosen to play Sally Sparrow; Mulligan was reportedly ecstatic to have been cast in the series. She was initially concerned with the fact that Tennant would have little screen time, but after the episode aired was very pleased with the final result.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: Location shooting for scenes set at the Police Station Garage took place at the Coal Exchange and Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff Bay on 21 November 2006. Fields House, located in Newport, filled in for Wester Drumlins. The house was already abandoned and falling into disrepair when the filming crews arrived. Moffat noted that "very little of it was tarted up" for the shoot; Moffat later called the location "the creepiest house" he had ever seen. The name was taken from a previous residence that Moffat lived in during the late 1990s. Larry describes the residence as "Scooby-Doo's house", a reference to the dilapidated mansions that the "Scooby-Doo" gang would usually visit. The BBC Fact File for the episode notes that 1969—the year Martha, the Doctor and Billy are sent to—is the first year "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!" aired.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: Originally, the producers considered having Michael Obiora play both the young and old version of Billy Shipton. However, it was decided that Obiora in makeup would look too fake, and so Louis Mahoney was cast to play the older version. Initially, Obiora played the role with a London accent; Mahoney, however, has a Gambian accent, and so Obiora had to re-dub his lines to match. Billy mentions that the windows of the TARDIS are the wrong size for a real police box. In 2004, when the first photographs of the new series' TARDIS prop were revealed, there was a vigorous discussion of the box's dimensions on the Outpost Gallifrey "Doctor Who" discussion forum, in which some fans complained that the prop's windows were too big. Moffat has confirmed that this line is an in-joke aimed at the Outpost Gallifrey forum.


title: Blink (Doctor Who)

text: Moffat joked that "since I was a kid, I've been thinking of "Doctor Who" monsters, just now when I do, it costs the art department […] a lot of money". To create the rigid structure of the angels' dresses, prosthetics supervisors Rob Mayor soaked fabric in fibreglass resin, which was then painted over. Although they are never shown moving on screen, all of the Weeping Angels were played by actresses Aga Blonska and Elen Thomas wearing makeup and prosthetics. The actresses wore two distinct masks: one that was more docile looking, and one with fangs bared. Blonska later noted that "I'm partly painted, partly glued into the costume, but it's quite comfortable." Although the actresses were slightly "wobbly" when they stood still, the producers used digital effects to, in essence, freeze the angels on film. Moffat was very pleased with the results, and called them "fantastic". Mulligan later called the effects "so good" and "really creepy".