title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In federal maps printed before 2012, nearly half of Brevard was classified as prone to flooding. Most of this was in the relatively undeveloped low-lying areas, west of Interstate 95, on the banks of the St. Johns River. About 18,900 homes out of 164,000 single-family homes were in that area.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard County works together with the federal and state government to control pollution and preserve wetlands and coastal areas through lands dedicated to conservation and wildlife protection.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are of federally protected wildlife refuges. These lands include Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, the Canaveral National Seashore, the St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge, the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, several conservation areas managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District, Brevard County's Environmentally Endangered Lands Program Sanctuaries, and lands dedicated by the State as conservation areas.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are 4,000 species of animals locally. Common mammals include North American river otters, bobcats, white-tailed deer, raccoons, marsh rabbits, and opossum.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Feral pigs, introduced by Europeans, present an occasional traffic hazard. Lovebug season occurs twice annually in May and August–September. Motorists, usually, encounter swarms of these while driving during a four-week period.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There were 1,677 manatees in Brevard County in 2015, out of a total of 6,063 in the state. This is an increase from 2014 when there was a total of 612 in Brevard County. Manatees are experiencing numerous threats within Brevard, where 312 have died in the first half of 2021.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Florida Butterfly Monitoring Network has counted species of butterflies monthly for a year since 2007. In 2010, it counted 45 species. Included are zebra swallowtail butterflies.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: scrub lizards, and rat snakes. There are an estimated 3,500 gopher tortoises in the county. They are on the endangered list.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: North Atlantic right whales give birth near the coast of Brevard, among other places, from November 15 to April 15. They are rare, a protected species.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Local bird counts indicate that there are at least 163 species of birds in the county. Turkey vultures, a migrating species, are protected by federal law. They migrate north in the summer and return in September. The county's most common winter bird is the lesser scaup, a diving duck. In 2008, half a million were counted. In 2010, 15,000 were estimated.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Other birds include the red-shouldered hawk, the loggerhead shrike, the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Cooper's hawks, pileated woodpeckers, Savannah sparrows, rails (which also includes coots), Florida scrub jays (an endangered species), wood storks, grackles, great horned owls, northern mockingbirds, brown thrashers, catbirds, green-winged teals, greater yellowlegs, western sandpipers, least sandpipers, dowitchers, and American white pelicans. Peak migration in the fall is from the last week in September through the first week in October. Fall migration tends to be stronger than spring because birds typically take different flyways.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Native trees include cabbage palm (the state tree of Florida), fringetree, coral bean, sweet acacia, geiger tree, firebush, beautyberry, coral honeysuckle, and blanket flower. Other native plants include sea grape, red mulberry, purslane, dandelion, Spanish bayonet, blackberry, Jerusalem artichoke, dogwood, and gallberry.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: On the east coast of the state, mangroves have normally dominated the coast from Cocoa Beach southward. Northward these may compete with salt marshes moving in from the north, depending on the annual weather conditions.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Live oak trees, various grasses, and juniper plants were sufficiently common to generate pollen noticeable by some people in February 2011.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 606,612 people, 236,005 households, and 148,934 families residing in the county.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The 2019 US Census estimates Brevard's population at 601,942 residents with a median household income of $56,775.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: According to the 2000 census, the county had about 80,000 veterans. 21% of the population older than 18 is a veteran. This had dropped to 74,000 in 2010. This was 21% of the people in the county. An actual count by a local agency in 2010 indicated that 225 of veterans were homeless. In 2007, a local census by volunteers counted 1,899 homeless residents.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In the 1950s, the county population was just under 24,000. In 1960, it was just over 111,000. In 1969, at the height of the space program, it was 234,000.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2015, interracial marriage constituted 29% of all marriages, the fourth highest in the nation, which averaged 17%.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010, there were 229,692 households, out of which 23.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.28% were married couples living together, 11.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.40% were non-families. 28.44% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.53% (4.00% male and 8.53% female) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.84.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The population was distributed by age with 19.8% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The median income for a household in the county was $49,523, and the median income for a family was $60,842. Males had a median income of $48,191 versus $33,276 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,606. About 7.2% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those aged 65 or over.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010, 8.6% of the county's population was foreign born, with 59.4% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 49.1% were born in Latin America, 22.9% were born in Europe, 18.3% born in Asia, 6.4% in North America, 2.4% born in Africa, and 0.9% were born in Oceania.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010, 90% of residents had a high school degree, compared with 85% statewide. In 2009, 25.7% of residents had an undergraduate degree, below the national average of 27.7%, but the same as the rest of Florida. 14.7% of residents over 25 had undergraduate degrees in engineering. This is almost twice the national average.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2012, the Urban Institute ranked the Brevard metro fourth in the country for racial equality. Criteria were integration of neighborhoods, income, and the quality of schools minorities attend. The area was ranked first for Hispanic equality with whites.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: As of 2010, 90.20% of all residents spoke English as their first language, while 5.29% spoke Spanish, 0.62% German, 0.61% French, and 0.47% French Creole (mostly Haitian Creole) as their mother language. In total, 9.80% of the population spoke languages other than English as their primary language.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010, Evangelical Protestants numbered 79,893; mainline Protestants 30,877; Catholics 64,831; Unaffiliated 353,946.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Brevard County as the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The United States Census Bureau ranked the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 98th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 96th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard county commissioners are elected by the public to establish ordinances and policies for the county. The Commission appoints a County Manager, who executes the will of the commission. The county employed about 2,900 workers in 2009.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are 16 autonomous municipal governments within the county. The various cities, towns and villages of Brevard have varying reliance on services provided by the Brevard County government. About 100,000 households are located outside organized municipalities, and their occupants are directly served by the county government.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: A centrally located County Government Center in Viera was established to provide more accessible services to residents in the southern part of the county. It houses the various county government branches, including Housing and Human Services, Juvenile Justice, Public Safety, Public Works and Solid Waste Management.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard County government had annual expenditures just over $1 billion in the fiscal year 2009–2010, exclusive of the municipalities. In 2009, real estate taxes for homesteaded property averaged 0.83% of the value of the property. Real estate taxes are levied by each authority. They are collected by the County Tax Collector. The total taxable real estate base was $33.7 billion in 2009. County taxes rose 26.5% in total per capita revenue from 2002 to 2007, and 49.8% in property tax per capita in the same time frame. Delinquent taxes were $36 million in 2008.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2012 bonds issued by the county were given a rating of AA by the Fitch Group and improved ratings by Moody's.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard County has two unique election districts. One governs Port Canaveral; the other, the maintenance of the Sebastian Inlet.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Since redistricting following the 2010 U.S. Census, Brevard County has been part of Florida's 8th congressional district. It is represented by Republican Bill Posey.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Prior to the creation of districts in 1967, state representatives were elected by county. This geographic representation resulted in a longstanding domination of the state legislature by rural interests, as it did not recognize changing patterns of settlement and business in the state.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county has centralized most county and circuit courts in Viera which try a variety of cases including felonies, misdemeanors, traffic, and domestic. The courthouse in Titusville provides the venue for circuit and county cases arising in the north part of the county while the courthouse in Melbourne is the venue for county cases arising in the southern portion of the county. An elected State Attorney prosecutes criminal cases for the State of Florida. Indigent defendants can be represented by the office of the elected Public Defender. The 18th Circuit Court includes Seminole County as well as Brevard and includes not only the court itself but the State Attorney and the Public Defender. In 2008, the public defender had a staff of 45 lawyers in Brevard who handled about 24,000 cases annually.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The States Attorney's Office sponsors the Victim/Witness Services. This provides advocates to alleged victims of violent crime and their families. The advocate helps the family understand the legal system as they navigate through it. They also seek out financial assistance


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The County elects a sheriff, directly responsible to the courts but also to the state for the enforcement of state laws. Police chiefs, appointed by their cities or towns, perform the same function locally.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Most municipalities are located on at least one waterway. This has resulted in the county and seven cities having a boat or access to one to aid boaters, or to enforce the law in the water in their jurisdiction.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county jail is a 1976 facility which rapidly became overcrowded. Voters rejected expanding the jail on four occasions. The sheriff solved the problem by the construction of a large but less expensive "hardened tent" to house non-violent offenders. Crowding reached its peak in 2007 at 1,988 inmates, 300 over capacity. The budget for the facility was $42 million in 2010. There were 1,585 residents. Costs for feeding and housing was $72 per inmate daily. There were 475 staff members.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: or less. Longer sentences must be served in state prisons, such as the facility in Sharpes for young men.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: A unit of the Coast Guard, homeported at Port Canaveral, plays a role in preventing illegal immigration and is an interdictor of drugs in the area.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Public safety for unincorporated areas of the county is the responsibility of the Brevard County Sheriff's Office. All but three of the 17 incorporated municipalities, Malabar, Cape Canaveral and Palm Shores, maintain their own law enforcement services. Those three contract that service to the Sheriff's Office.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, there were 1,200 law enforcement officers working in the county, of which 361 are sheriff's deputies. The number of Sheriff's deputies had risen to 843 in 2015. Of all crime that came to the attention of the sheriff's office in 2007, 80% was drug-related. From January to June 2009, the county reported a total of 10,037 crimes. Of these, a majority, 3,002, were under the jurisdiction of the sheriff's department. In 2009, the crime rate was 3,471.3 property-related crimes per 100,000 residents, slightly above the national average.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Public safety for Port Canaveral is under the direction of the Port Authority. Traditionally, emphasis was placed on monitoring the content of containerized cargo on incoming ships, as well as underwater inspection of arriving ships that could be carrying explosive devices. In 2008, the Canaveral Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved the creation of an independent police department.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2017, the Florida Highway Patrol had about 32 troopers working different shifts on the I-95 interstate, and the unincorporated parts of the county. Normally there were five or six officers per shift.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2017, the fatality rate for pedestrians was the second worst for metropolitan areas in the nation. In 2017, the most dangerous road for bicycles and pedestrians was on State Road A1A from Cocoa Beach to Cape Canaveral.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Three cities provide potable water and sewage for their cities and surrounding areas: Cocoa, Melbourne, and Titusville. The majority of Melbourne water customers are supplied with treated surface water from Lake Washington. Where available, residents were obligated to hook into the system. In 2012, there were 90,000 septic tanks.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Storm and wastewater management fees vary. In 2014, the county charged $36 annually per household. Cities and towns charged from $36 to $77.52 per household annually.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are more than 100 parks and three campgrounds in the county that are managed by local government agencies. Many of these are managed by the "Brevard County Parks and Recreation", an agency within the Brevard County Government. There are 25 public golf courses and three private ones. Due to dwindling numbers of golfers, five courses closed from 2004 to 2017. In 2017, three public courses were being considered for closure.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 11 sanctuaries that protect natural ecosystems, the county's Environmentally Endangered Lands (EEL) Program offers passive recreation opportunities such as hiking, wildlife viewing, biking and paddling. In 2013, there was a total of , with of trails and of fire lanes. The quantity of fire lanes was considered insufficient.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and the Canaveral National Seashore are two national wildlife refuges in the county that offer recreational pursuits such as hiking, wildlife viewing, paddling, and environmental education.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard County provides a number of services to help older people, juveniles, people with physical or mental disabilities, and minorities. The Brevard County Housing Authority acquires and leases housing projects, investigates housing conditions, determines where slums and unsafe housing exist and investigates conditions dangerous to the public. It is managed by a board appointed by the county commission. Several organization provide social services for juveniles, such as the Children's Home Society, Children's Advocacy Center of Brevard, and The Vhild Care Association of Brevard County.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: According to the Secretary of State's office, Republicans are a plurality of registered voters in Brevard County.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county Domestic Product was $14.5 billion in 2009 and increased to $24.6 billion in 2019. In 2010 and 2011, the Brookings Institution reported that Brevard ranked in the bottom fifth of the nation's top metro areas, based on unemployment, gross metropolitan product, housing prices and foreclosed properties. Foreclosures reached a monthly high of 963 in March 2009. The county reached an annual high foreclosure in 2009 of 9,772. In December 2010, "Forbes" magazine rated the area the worst place in America to find a job.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Though the area has a relatively small number of high technology companies, 736, a business journal ranked it eighth in the country as a high tech center in 2009. The area had 23,096 high-tech jobs with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 total jobs.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In December 2010, "Forbes" magazine ranked the area as the worst in the country for finding a job, for the second time in 2010.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: During 2020, overlapping the COVID-19 pandemic, the metropolitan area was the second best-performing out of 200 in the country.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010, there were 5,600 civilian government workers in the county. They earned an average of $74,000 each in 2009.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, 84,401 households in the county (38%) received social security payments averaging $16,136 for a total of $1.7 billion annually. 53,717 (24%) received pension payments averaging $24,327 for a total of $1.3 billion annually.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The taxable value of property went from $20 billion in 2002 to $40 billion in 2007. In 2009 the bubble burst and a rapid descent to $24 billion was experienced. in 2017, the value rose to $35 billion. The last figure includes new construction.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2011, the county was rated 6th worst in the country for foreclosures. There were 1,039 for the third quarter of 2010. Nearly half the homes in the county were worth less than their mortgages. The average home had dropped 53.4% since the peak of the boom. In 2012, the county was the highest in foreclosure rate in the nation. In 2013, the metro area was rated "best" in the country for buying, with a 34 months supply of houses, with a discount rate of 28%, according to RealtyTrac. It has since reduced its backlog.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: After various insurance companies pulled out of Florida after their losses from the 2004 hurricane season, property insurance became a major concern for many homeowners. As of 2011, 32,000 Brevard policyholders insure with the state-owned Citizens Property Insurance Corporation.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010 Kiplinger.com rated the county one of five "best" places in America to retire. Factors evaluated included cost of living, weather, the number of doctors, taxes, crime rates and recreational opportunities.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The largest home in Brevard is a 50-room mansion in Suntree built in 1991 and once owned by Cecil Fielder.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Viera Company, developing West Viera, gained state permission and county acquiescence to create a self-governing board named the Viera Stewardship District that could raise taxes and sell bonds to pay for roads, water lines, pumping stations and other infrastructure needed to support the construction of 16,500 houses, apartments and condominiums. The company proved that development could fund itself.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard economy has been driven by Trade, Transportation and Utilities (18%), Professional and Business Services (17%), Total government (15%), Education and Health (14%), Manufacturing (12%), Leisure and hospitality (10%), Construction (6%), Financial (4%).


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2012 local government employed 21,000 workers. Over the years the percentage has varied from 7.2% to 7.9% of the population.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Port Canaveral is one of the world's busiest cruise port. There are seven cruise lines, with six major cruise terminals. There is of covered freight storage capacity. It handled of cargo in 2004. The port has contributed $500 million annually to the county's economy.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Two hospitals were among the top five private employers in the county, together employing 8,850 in 2009.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2008, 14,865 workers were employed at the NASA/Kennedy Space Center. The Center directly spent $1.82 billion in the county.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: A concern has been the probable reassignment of thousands of Space Coast workers when the Space Shuttle is discontinued in 2010. In 2010, 9,000 jobs were expected to be lost from the shuttle and other programs. Each launch contributed $4 million to the county's economy. Annually, $78 million is spent at the Space Center Visitor's Complex, and $5.9 million from space business visitors.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2014, there were 495 aerospace companies in the county. There were 36,223 workers. Sales and revenue from this industry were $3.4 billion.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: L3Harris Technologies, headquartered in the county, has the most employees in the private sector, 7,000 in 2019.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Two locally headquartered builders, Mercedes Homes and Holiday, were among the top 30 in the nation. Mercedes had $1 billion in sales in 2004.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are 15 Community Redevelopment agencies in the county. They are funded from real estate taxes in the affected area. Cocoa has three, and Eau Gallie, one.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Though the area has a relatively small number of high technology companies, 736, a business journal ranked it eighth in the country as a high tech center in 2009. The area had 23,096 high-tech jobs with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 total jobs.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county had 1,050 restaurants in 2007 and nearly that many (1,040) in 2010. There were 22,600 leisure and hospitality workers in the county in 2006. This figure includes hotel workers. That figure had dropped 8.5% to 20,700 in 2010.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In the early 2010s, the Shiloh area was proposed by Space Florida as a potential location for the development of a commercial-only spaceport. Located immediately north of the U.S. Government's Kennedy Space Center, the open access to the flyover range on the open Atlantic Ocean to the east, and easy access to the tracking facilities of the Eastern Test Range make the location an attractive launch site. Among other potential users of the commercial spaceport facility, SpaceX was reported to be considering Shiloh as one of several potential locations for building a commercial launch facility.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Military installations in Brevard County include Patrick Space Force Base, near Satellite Beach, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS), adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, and the U.S. Air Force Malabar Test Facility on Minton Road in suburban Palm Bay. In 2009, they employed a total of 2,000 civilian federal workers. In 2012 there were 2,900 military jobs in the county.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The United States Coast Guard (USCG) Maintains one station in Port Canaveral, the station is located on the east bank of the West Turning Basin. The station is home to USCG cutter 617.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Navy maintains a Trident turning basin at Port Canaveral for ballistic missile submarines. The Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU) tests weapons on these subs, which arrive at the rate of one a month. 160 ships visited their two piers in 2017. The 2005 base closures included realigning NOTU out of state. The community was successful in having this decision revoked. The unit employs 100 military personnel and 900 civilian contractors.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Cape Canaveral Space Force Station houses the Air Force Space & Missile Museum and Launch Complex 26, where many unmanned rockets were launched early in the U.S. space program, including "Explorer 1", the first US spacecraft placed in earth orbit.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: 23% of Brevard County is agricultural-usable for citrus, raising cattle or horses. Cattle ranches include the Deseret, Duda Ranch, Kempfer, and two other major ranches. Citrus growers include Victory Groves and Harvey's Indian River Groves. The county ranked 21 out of 24 Florida counties in the shipment of gift fruit.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, aquaculture was a $900,000 business in the county. The county produces more than 25% of all blue crabs along Florida's East Coast.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are 40 4-H-related clubs in the county, including livestock- and pet-related and after-school clubs. As in all Cooperative extension service, a land grant college, the University of Florida, conducted over 60 courses in 2010 in aid of 4-H programs and other agricultural pursuits.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In February 2010, the USDA declared that Brevard, along with 59 other Florida counties, was a "primary natural disaster area". This happened when the temperature falls below c degrees for 4 hours, where crops are being grown.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2016, tourism represents about 9% of the county's gross domestic product. The industry employs about 13% of the workforce. The county raised its room tax to 5% in 2005. In 2012, this raised $8.4 million.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2008, tourists spent $2.89 billion in the county. This is distributed in several categories: lodging $839 million, eating and drinking $509 million, Kennedy Space Center $597 million, retail sales $450 million, entertainment $120 million, and Port Canaveral $109 million. Brevard tourists come mainly from ten states: Florida itself is first, followed by Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Virginia, Wisconsin, Georgia, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. The five primary sources of foreign visitors are Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, China, and Italy.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: 1.6 million people visited the Space Center Visitor Complex in 2008. Tourism, measured by the tourist tax, reached a peak in March 2007.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, there were 2.4 million overnight visitors in the county. There were 1.2 million day visitors. In 2013, a city manager estimated that 20% of income from tourism comes during spring break.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard competes with other Florida areas for tourists. A number of organizations help promote the area. The Space Coast Office of Tourism consists of county staff and the Brevard County Tourist Development Council (TDC). They attempt to attract tourists. The TDC serves as an advisory council to the county on the expenditures of revenues received from a tourist tax. This revenue is spent on beach improvements, visitor information centers and website, promotion and advertising, the Brevard Zoo, additional beach improvements and the Space Coast Stadium.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: $97.7 million has been spent on beach replenishment in the county between 2000 and 2010. This was funded 58% by the federal government, 27% by the state and 15% by the county.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2008 monthly tourist tax revenue slumped from a high of $1,174,742 in March to a seasonal low in September of $432,145. In 2008, the county had 11,000 hotel rooms available. In July 2007, there was a 66.1% occupancy rate. In 2008, the county had a nearly identical 81%+ occupancy rate in March and April. This fell to a seasonal low of 42.3% in September. In January 2010, the average hotel room rate was $88.25.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Cocoa Main Street, a member of the Florida and National Main Street Programs, works toward restoring business sites in the historic area known as "Cocoa Village". Cocoa Main Street has received six Florida Main Street Awards given by the Secretary of State. The restored area is a tourist attraction and an economic magnet. Melbourne Main Street is another historic business area and tourist attraction restored through the Main Street Programs.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard has five judged art festivals annually attracting tens of thousands of people to art displays. Most festivals are held in the spring or fall when many tourists can attend. Many other annual festivals are held in parks and public sites throughout the year. The Brevard Cultural Alliance (BCA) maintains an event calendar and a map of sites of historic, cultural, and ecological interest.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The annual Florida Key Lime Pie Festival is held beach side every Martin Luther King Jr. Day weekend. In 2018 The Florida Key Lime Pie Company successfully made the World's largest key lime pie.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The annual Grant Seafood Festival attracts as many as 50,000 people for the two-day February event. It is the Southeast's largest and longest running seafood festival.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: An ice skating rink in Rockledge serves the county's residents and visitors with hockey and figure skating events.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, recreational boat owners generated almost $51 million annually towards the county economy, ranking the industry fifth in the state.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2010 a local group compared the county against four other "peer" cities: Austin, Texas; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Huntsville, Alabama; and Raleigh, North Carolina. It evaluated nine areas: business dynamism/vitality, competitiveness, education, economic growth, economic prosperity, livability, productivity/labor supply, technology and innovation/work force. While the county does well against national figures, and scored high in livability, it usually ranked last against these "peers" in the other eight areas.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, the county had 13 patents per 1,000 workers, more than double the national average of 6.4 patents per 1,000.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, "Forbes" ranked the county 18th out of 100 MSAs and first out of 8 metros in Florida for affordable housing and short commute times, among others.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In August 2009, "Florida Trend" rated two Brevard companies, Harris Corporation and Health First Health Plans, in their rankings of the best places to work in Florida.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In May 2009, the Palm Bay-Melbourne area was ranked as the No. 8 tech center in the United States by Bizjournals. It overcame its low number of total high-tech companies and jobs by having a high number of jobs per high tech company (#4) and high tech jobs compared to total private-sector jobs (#2).


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: "Forbes" magazine ranked Melbourne 2nd out of 150 metropolitan areas in the US, for the percentage of the population that are engineers,


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Technological Research and Development Authority, based on the Space Coast, delivers technologies to schools and small businesses throughout the state of Florida. They obtain this information through strategic alliances with NASA, the federal government, the aerospace industry and state partners. They also sponsor a business incubator at the Melbourne Airport.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There were 168,500 private sector jobs in the county in 2009. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counted the following workers in Brevard along with average annual pay ($):


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The largest local employer is Brevard Public Schools with 9,500 of whom 5,000 are teachers. Brevard County Teachers are represented by the Brevard Federation of Teachers (AFT).


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county had an unemployment rate of 12.7% in January 2010, a 20-year record high. In March 2010, there were 33, 500 people out of work. The county experienced a record low unemployment in 2005 of 2.8%. There were 32,608 people unemployed in the county in January 2011.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, there were 6,400 federal workers, total, employed in the county. They earned an average of $74,600.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2009, average annual salaries in the county for engineers was $90,563; registered nurses $53,315; education $49,441; police officers $43,035; cooks $21,569; and cashiers $19,489. The average annual pay for all workers was then $42,411.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2011, there were more engineers (48) per thousand workers than any other region in the United States.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the largest employer in the county with 15,000 contractors and civil servants. While there is concern about the new generation of space vehicles requiring 1/3 fewer workers, about that number were eligible for retirement by 2011. Unions represented at KSC include the American Federation of Government Employees, the International Association of Machinists and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2005, the Next Generation Consulting for Leadership Brevard, a leadership development organization for local business and civic groups, and Brevard Tomorrow commissioned a survey of people 21–44. Basically, these people often found the area "boring", mainly because it is family-friendly at the expense of being singles-friendly. While this may have labor repercussions later, currently business is having no problems hiring.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2007, Space Coast Credit Union was the largest locally based financial institution in Brevard County and the third largest credit union in the state of Florida, with assets of over $3 billion.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2011, Wells Fargo, with $1.9 billion in local deposits, had 26% share of the business; SunTrust $1.3 billion, 17%; Bank of America $1.2 billion, 16%; Regions Bank $408 million, 5%; and JPMorgan Chase $379 million, 5%.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2011, the majority of groceries were sold in chain stores. Publix has 23 stores; Winn-Dixie has 10; Wal-Mart has 12 stores; the county has three warehouse clubs. 38% of groceries were purchased at Publix, 30% at Wal-Mart superstores, and 7% at Winn-Dixie.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2013, there were 1,611 private charities registered in the county. They received $1.5 billion, spent $1.4 billion, and held $2.5 billion in assets.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard was ranked 25th in the state, out of 67 counties, for health outcomes in 2014. 22% of residents smoke, 28% are obese, 25% are physically inactive, 20% drink in excess. The county ranked 13 in clinical care, 25th in societal factors (including air pollution and drinking water quality). In 2013, there were about 88,000 persons without medical insurance in the county.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Health care services tend to cost more in Brevard than Orlando or the statistical average in Florida. In 2009, a nursing home private room averaged $79,023 annually, semi-private $74,643, private one-bedroom assisted living $39,000. A home health aide, Medicare-certified, was $88,660, substantially higher than the Florida average of $51,480. Adult day care (44 hours) was cheaper at $12,870 annually, as was a home health aide "licensed-only" $38,896.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: According to 2007 health risk data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Brevard County (Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area) is tied for fourth highest among all Micro- and Metropolitan Statistical Areas in percentage of heavy drinkers.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2013, the County Health Department Director issued a caution about the potential danger of flesh-eating bacteria that inhabit inland estuaries.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: As of 2011, there were ten hospitals in the county, with 1,734 beds total. Health First is the largest healthcare provider in the county, consisting of four not-for-profit hospitals—Cape Canaveral Hospital in Cocoa Beach, Holmes Regional Medical Center in Melbourne, Viera Hospital in Viera, Florida and Palm Bay Community Hospital in Palm Bay.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Besides hospitalization, services include outpatient centers; the county's only trauma center (at Holmes Regional Medical Center); home care; specialized programs for cancer, diabetes, heart, stroke, and rehabilitative services; central Brevard's largest medical group; and Medicare Advantage, commercial POS, and commercial HMO health plans. Health First tries to integrate quality healthcare services with state-of-the-art technology. Parrish Medical Center, a 210-bed hospital, was named America's No. 1 Healing Hospital for the third straight year by the Baptist Healing Trust.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Space Coast Center for Independent Living offers over-all services for individuals with all types of disabilities: peer support, advocacy, skills training, accessibility surveys, support groups, transportation, specialized equipment, sign language interpreter coordination services, and a program for high school students for career development.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Space Coast Early Intervention Center is a nationally recognized not-for-profit pre-school and therapeutic center that offers care and aids with the development of small children with special needs. Children are treated and educated with the specific goal of mainstreaming children diagnosed with the following into public school: Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, cerebral palsy, deletion syndrome, PDDs including Rett syndrome, autism, and Apert syndrome, as well as children with visual, speech and hearing delays.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Health Outreach Prevention & Education (HOPE) is a network of community partners working together to provide care for people without insurance, and for children with special needs. This network includes hospitals.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Harmony Farms runs a therapeutic riding program located on land donated by Duda Ranch located in Cocoa, Florida.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard Alzheimer's Foundation is unique for being a local organization only. It has three adult daycare service locations and often provides transportation and funding. The non-profit Circles of Care provides mental health programs to Brevard. Dialing 2-1-1 in the county gives response to people in crisis and/or needing information about community resources.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: There are place names currently used, or used at one time by the USGS. Some are early developments, while others are former stations along the main line of the Florida East Coast Railway. Several of these disappeared when Kennedy Space Center took over their area.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Higher education is provided by Eastern Florida State College (EFSC) and Florida Institute of Technology. There are satellite campuses for the University of Central Florida, Barry University, Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Keiser University, and Webster University.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2011, six public schools were ranked by the state in the top ten schools in the state, out of 2,800 There was one list each for primary and secondary schools.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard County Library System has 17 branches. Although the Merritt Island Public Library is counted as part of the Brevard County Public Library System, it is actually a special library district. In 2005, HB1079 was passed to codify all the special acts that the Merritt Island Public Library District exists under.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Brevard County was the home of the Brevard County Manatees, the Class-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers until 2016.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Washington Nationals held their spring training at Space Coast Stadium in Viera until 2016. They play about 14 games against other professional teams locally in March as part of the "Grapefruit" League.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard Blue Ducks, members of the United States Basketball League (USBL), played at the Clemente Center at Florida Tech.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard Rams and Space Coast Predators were scheduled to play as members of the Florida Football Alliance in 2010.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Aside from school-sponsored sports, there are youth leagues for basketball, football, soccer, lacrosse, gymnastics, baseball and swimming.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: While Brevard County has transportation available in the usual modes for a coastal county—highways, shipping, and airlines—it has the addition of space transportation, making it unique in the world.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Florida Power & Light maintains an oil-fired generating plant at Sharpes; it generates , supplying most of the requirements for the county. In 2008 the company announced plans to replace the plant with a more efficient natural gas-powered plant in 2013 with a 1,250 megawatt capacity, which can supply 250,000 homes or businesses. Near FPL's plant is the Indian River Power Plant; formerly owned by the Orlando Utilities Commission, it is now owned and operated by RRI Energy.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The area code for most of the county became "321" in 1999, as in the "3...2...1... lift-off!" countdown sequence. A small portion of the county along the southern border, including the communities of Micco and Barefoot Bay, share a 772 area code with Indian River County and St. Lucie County, Florida to the south.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county government maintains various landfills for solid waste. Brevard County Central Disposal Facility is located in Cocoa, has a size and receives annually around 275,000 tonnes of waste. In 2011, the average homeowner paid $57 annually to fund the maintenance of these sites. Municipalities and the county contract separately for the pickup and transportation of waste, for which businesses and homeowners pay a separate monthly fee.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2013, the county planned a new $100 million landfill, north of State Road 192, near the border with Osceola County, west of I-95. The county has awarded a $3.9 million contract for a wetlands mitigation for this new landfill.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2013, the county, for the first time, let a seven-year contract out for bids for solid waste. The resulting contract is expected to cost $1 billion over the lifetime of the contract, the county's largest single contract. This was the first time in 20 years, a bid was requested. In the past, Waste Management, Inc has performed the work, not only for the county but for 9 of 16 Brevard municipalities. Waste Pro has five of the remaining municipal contracts. Rockledge and Titusville maintain their own trash service. In 2013, the county directly contracts for solid waste pickup for 100,000 residences.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: During one month in 2018, the recycling vendor processed of glass, plastic, cardboard, paper and metal. , 38%, of this was polluted with non-recyclable material. It had to be separated and transported to the Central Disposal Facility in Cocoa. This cost the vendor $66,248 ($23.66/US ton) in landfill disposal fees plus $21,000 in transport fees.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2013, the county consumed about daily. Landscape irrigation accounted for about half of this usage.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: In 2017, there were five municipal entities selling water (figures in parentheses are millions of gallons/day): Cocoa (22), Melbourne (19), Palm Bay (6), Titusville (2), and West Melbourne (1). The fifth, Brevard County (1), is low because county areas outside the preceding cities, purchase their water from those cities.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The county controls six Wastewater Treatment Facilities: Mims (/day), Port St. John (/day), South Central (Viera) (/day), South Beaches, and Barefoot Bay area. Some cities have wastewater treatment plants, as well.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: "Florida Today" is the major daily newspaper serving Melbourne, Brevard County and the Space Coast region of Florida. It is owned by the media conglomerate Gannett. A monthly newspaper, "El Playero", serves the Spanish-speaking population of the Space Coast. The "Space Coast Daily", "Viera Voice" and "Hometown News" also cover local news within Brevard County.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The "Brevard Technical Journal" is the industry monthly newspaper for business management, engineering, purchasing and manufacturing. It features news topics ranging from business to technology.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Most of Brevard County receives cable television from Charter Spectrum. Comcast serves the Micco and Palm Bay areas in southern Brevard County.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Maxwell C. King Center for the Performing Arts, seating 2000, features locally produced and former Broadway shows, ballet, and symphony. Several different performances are scheduled each week.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard Symphony Orchestra and the Space Coast Ballet offer shows performed by professionals. There is the professional Space Coast Symphony Orchestra. Community orchestras and bands include, but are not limited to, the Melbourne Community Orchestra, the Space Coast Pops and the Community Band of Brevard. Choral groups include the Brevard Community Chorus, the Indialantic Chamber Singers, and the Brevard Youth Chorus.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard Zoo is a facility that contains more than 650 animals representing more than 165 species from Florida, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia. The Zoo offers animal experiences including giraffe


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Space Coast Ballet incorporates professional principal dancers and instructors together with many roles for local senior talent as well as roles for students. They annually stage "The Nutcracker".


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Space Coast has a number of museums from the rocket exhibitions at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex and the Air Force Space and Missile Museum, to local museums and others of unique character, such as the American Police Hall of Fame & Museum.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers an educational look at the accomplishments of America's space program. The Observation Gantry near Launch Complex 39 offers a view of the Space Shuttle launch pads (first built for the Apollo missions), the Vehicle Assembly Building, and the crawlerway over which rockets are taken to the pad. The Apollo/Saturn V Center displays an example of the largest rocket ever launched.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The US Space Walk of Fame in Titusville commemorates the manned space program's history with museum and monuments.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Brevard Museum of History & Natural Science features the remains of the "Windover Man", the oldest human remains found on the North American continent, and a re-creation of the Windover Dig, a "wet" archaeological site. A visitor may see how Native Americans lived and Florida pioneers survived.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: Honor America runs the Liberty Bell Memorial Museum. This houses a replica of the Liberty Bell, historical documents, and patriotic memorabilia. Items are permanent reminders of our nation's history, as well as a memorial to military veterans.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: The Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Memorial Park and Cultural Center features a museum with artifacts and timeline of the civil rights movement and the story of Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore, civil rights leaders who were killed after their home was bombed on December 25, 1951.


title: Brevard County, Florida

text: During the December holiday season, each of four yacht club parades during the evening in the Indian River/Banana River with holiday lighting on each boat.


title: Vaishya

text: Vaishya (Sanskrit: वैश्य, "vaiśya") is one of the four varnas of the Hindu social order in India. Vaishyas are classed third in the order of caste hierarchy.


title: Vaishya

text: The occupation of Vaishyas consists mainly of agriculture, taking care of cattle, trade and other business pursuits.


title: Vaishya

text: Hindu religious texts assigned Vaishyas to traditional roles in agriculture and cattle-rearing, but over time they came to be landowners, traders and money-lenders. Therefore making it their responsibility to provide sustenance for those of higher class, since they were of lower class. The Vaishyas, along with members of the Brahmin and Kshatriya varnas, claim "dvija" status ("twice born", a second or spiritual birth) after sacrament of initiation as in Hindu theology. Indian traders were widely credited for the spread of Indian culture to regions as far as southeast Asia.


title: Vaishya

text: Historically, Vaishyas have been involved in roles other than their traditional pastoralism, trade and commerce. According to historian Ram Sharan Sharma, the Gupta Empire was a Vaishya dynasty that "may have appeared as a reaction against oppressive rulers".


title: White savior

text: The term white savior is a critical description of a white person who is depicted as liberating, rescuing or uplifting non-white people; it is critical in the sense that it describes a pattern in which people of color in economically under-developed nations that are majority non-white are denied agency and are seen as passive recipients of white benevolence. The role is considered a modern-day version of what is expressed in the poem "The White Man's Burden" (1899) by Rudyard Kipling. The term has been associated with Africa, and certain characters in film and television have been critiqued as white savior figures. Writer Teju Cole combined the term with "industrial complex" (derived from military–industrial complex and similarly applied elsewhere) to coin "White Savior Industrial Complex".


title: White savior

text: The concept of the "white savior" originates from the poem "The White Man's Burden" (1899) by Rudyard Kipling. Its original usage was in the context of the Philippines, but the term has since become associated primarily with Africa, as well as with other regions of the world.


title: White savior

text: Africa has a history of slavery and of colonization. Damian Zane of BBC News said due to the history, Africans find the "white savior" attitude to help them "deeply patronising and offensive". Zane said, "Some argue that aid can be counter-productive, as it means African countries will continue to rely on outside help." Bhakti Shringarpure, writing for "The Guardian", said, "Westerners trying to help poor, suffering countries have often been accused of having a 'white saviour complex': a term tied up in colonial history where Europeans descended to 'civilise' the African continent." "The Washington Post"s Karen Attiah said the white savior framework in Africa "follows the venerable tradition" of the novella "Heart of Darkness" (1899) by Joseph Conrad and that the tradition included the film "Machine Gun Preacher" (2011), the public relations campaign related to the documentary "Kony 2012" (2012), and the writings of journalist Nicholas Kristof.


title: White savior

text: For example, actor and producer Louise Linton wrote a memoir about her gap year in Zambia, "In Congo's Shadow", and wrote an article for "The Telegraph", "How my dream gap year in Africa turned into a nightmare", to promote the book. Michael Schaub of "Los Angeles Times" said, "The reaction to Linton's article was swift and negative, accusing her of using clichés and misrepresentations... Several people have described Linton's memoir as a 'white savior' fantasy." Zambians and other Africans negatively criticized the article on social media. Attiah said the popular Instagram account "BarbieSavior" was inspired by the backlash to Linton's words. Special Broadcasting Service's Amal Awad said the Instagram account parodied "a reckless trend" of voluntourism (volunteering and touring) in which "'white saviours' use the less fortunate like props in their social media profiles". Awad said the interest in volunteering encouraged a business model that leverages a country's existing social issues and charges tourists for volunteering to be a "saviour".


title: White savior

text: Baaz, Gondola, Marijnen, and Verweijen, writing in "Foreign Affairs", were critical of the "white savior complex" in the 2014 documentary "Virunga", which features the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Virunga National Park and the conservation work of its park rangers. They said, "The movie features endless footage of a park guard hugging and playing with the gorillas, evoking the notion of the 'noble savage' who is close to nature, honest and naive, and dependent on the white man for his salvation. Rarely do we see the Congolese exercising political agency, even though there are numerous civil society activists in the region, often working at great personal risk."


title: White savior

text: For decades, the British charity Comic Relief sent white celebrities to African countries to have filmed their emotional reactions to impoverished conditions as part of asking the public for money. In 2020, they suspended the practice after criticism that it perpetuated white-savior stereotypes. One of the key critics was British Labour Party politician David Lammy, who in 2019 criticized the charity for "white savior" media in its African campaign. Reuters reported, "Lammy, who is of Guyanese descent, said online photos... evoked negative stereotypes about Africa and its reliance on Western white people for help." The charity and its presenter Stacey Dooley initially argued against the criticism. The Uganda-based campaign group No White Saviors said of the controversy, "There are levels to the white savior complex. You can mean well, do some good along the way and actively be perpetuating the (white savior complex)." NBC News said No White Saviors "tries to raise awareness about the negative impact many 'mainly white' aid workers have had on 'black and brown communities in the name of charity or mission work'".


title: White savior

text: The term has been used to refer to white Americans and Europeans that independently partake or assist in Middle Eastern wars. T. E. Lawrence, "Lawrence of Arabia", can be seen as the prototypical white savior figure. Similar accusations have been made against white European men that traveled to fight alongside pro-democracy rebels in the Syrian civil war. White feminists are sometimes seen as white saviors when supporting causes relating to the protection of Muslim women, especially as the implication of Muslim men as oppressors is seen as Islamophobic. Malala Yousafzai has been criticized as advancing white saviorism in Pakistan, due to her high approval in the West and her life being saved by white doctors.


title: White savior

text: In film, the white savior is a cinematic trope in which a white character rescues people of color from their plight. The white savior is portrayed as messianic and often learns something about themselves in the process of rescuing. The trope reflects how media represents race relations by racializing concepts like morality as identifiable with white people over nonwhite people. White saviors are often male and are sometimes out of place in their own society until they lead minorities or foreigners. "Screen Saviors: Hollywood Fictions of Whiteness" labels the stories as fantasies that "are essentially grandiose, exhibitionistic, and narcissistic". Types of stories include white travels to "exotic" Asian locations, white defense against racism in the American South, or white protagonists having "racially diverse" helpers.


title: White savior

text: The white lead character is often delegated the role of racial leader in films, taking it upon themselves to save non-white minorities and immigrants from their struggles. The 2011 film "The Help" is about the mistreatment of Black Americans but offers only a white perspective. The movie, based on a book by a white author, was directed by a white person. The primary white character is portrayed as a heroine for empowering people of color, though often in minuscule ways. Similar criticisms can be made of popular films like "Dangerous Minds, The Blind Side", and "Remember the Titans."


title: White savior

text: Stephanie Greco Larson, writing in "Media & Minorities: The Politics of Race in News and Entertainment", said "Diff'rent Strokes" (1978–1986) and "Webster" (1983–1987) were "shows in which white families adopt black children" and represented versions of "the white man's burden theme on television". Robin R. Means Coleman said, "In these comedies, Black children are rescued from their dysfunctional families or communities by Whites." In particular, "Diff'rent Strokes" featured the white millionaire character Philip Drummond. Film historian Donald Bogle said, "The millionaire Drummond becomes a "great white father figure", able to provide the material comforts (as well as the subliminal emotional ones) and the cultural milieu that the Black community supposedly could never hope to match." Dustin Tahmahkera writes that Coleman labeled Drummond a "white savior" type who uses "his representational power to save the day by determining a conflict resolution that appeases all parties" including the indigenous representative Longwalker in the episode "Burial Ground". Tahmahkera also said a 1985 episode of "Punky Brewster" featured the girl protagonist telling a ghost story about her alter-ego Princess Moon helping "ancient Indians [who] suddenly appear... as cave dwellers who need a white savior... to defeat an evil spirit and help keep their "Last of the Dogmen"-like secret existence intact."


title: White savior

text: Larson said, "Inner-city schools have been the site of white man's burden dramas on television for decades" with TV series featuring white savior teachers. Larson identified the following series with such teachers: "Room 222" (1969–1974), "Welcome Back, Kotter" (1975–1979), "The White Shadow" (1978–1981), and "Boston Public" (2000–2004). Larson said while "Room 222" and "Boston Public" also had black teachers that "challenge the assumption that blacks are inherently inferior... these shows continue to avoid laying blame on social institutions for the status of blacks by showing the success of the individual black teachers."


title: White savior

text: The Marvel Comics character Iron Fist has been criticized as a white savior character. When the character was adapted in the TV series "Iron Fist" (2017–2018), "The New York Times" reported before the show premiered that the casting had received criticism for not changing the character to be Asian-American. The newspaper quoted arguments put forward by Keith Chow, editor-in-chief of "The Nerds of Color" pop culture blog, "If you’re going to have all these trappings of Orientalism on top of a white savior trope, why not upend both of those things by casting an Asian-American to play the role?" "Iron Fist" actor Finn Jones denied that Danny Rand would be a white savior figure and said that the series would address critics' concerns. In 2021, Marvel responded by having Rand retire the mantle and introducing a Chinese successor, Lin Lie.


title: White savior

text: Writer Teju Cole coined the term "White Savior Industrial Complex" following the release of the documentary "Kony 2012" in March 2012, extrapolating the term in a seven-part response on Twitter. He later wrote an article for "The Atlantic" about the term.


title: White savior

text: Cole's response became a viral phenomenon, and "The Guardian"s Bhakti Shringarpure reflected on the supportive Internet response to the "Kony 2012" political campaign, "With the prevalence of campaigns, apps and games calling on us to help without really putting ourselves out, it seems that the white saviour idea is still alive and well – but now, the mode is digital." Heather Laine Talley, writing in "Saving Face: Disfigurement and the Politics of Appearance", said of the response to Cole coining the term, "The very idea of the white savior industrial complex was met with both celebration and rage. Cole was alternately described as a truth teller and as a racist." Talley summarized Cole's response to his critics, "Ultimately, Cole implores Western (white) do-gooders to rethink doing good in two ways. First, own up to the motives that drive philanthropic interventions, so that personal catharsis does not subsume the real need of others. Second, consider the structural underpinnings and historical legacies that together sustain the very infrastructure of the problems that captivate our activist hearts."


title: White savior

text: Tim Engles, writing in "Rhetorics of Whiteness: Postracial Hauntings in Popular Culture, Social Media, and Education", concurred with Cole's assessment, "The lack of real-world efficacy of their efforts, and the apparent unwillingness of most to go any further than such limited and self-aggrandizing steps, suggests that mere validation of white racial privilege was indeed the most significant outcome."


title: White savior

text: In essence, Cole's concept of the "White Savior Industrial Complex" refers explicitly to the damaging effects of white saviors who prioritize a "big emotional experience" achieved through minor acts of charity or activism over tackling larger issues like systematic oppression and corruption that plague many nations around the world – notably, issues that are often directly caused or perpetuated by the United States.


title: Apoorva Mehta

text: Apoorva Mehta is an Indian-Canadian businessman. He founded the grocery delivery company Instacart. In 2020, Mehta became a billionaire at the age of 33. As of 2021, his company was valued at $39 billion.


title: Apoorva Mehta

text: Mehta was born in 1986 in India. He moved to Libya shortly after he was born, and then to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada when he was 14. He graduated from the University of Waterloo with an electrical engineering degree.


title: Apoorva Mehta

text: Mehta worked as a design engineer at Blackberry and Qualcomm before joining Amazon in 2008. While at Amazon, he worked as a supply-chain engineer. Mehta left Amazon and moved to San Francisco in 2010. Between 2010 and 2012, he launched 20 startups, all of which failed.


title: Apoorva Mehta

text: He founded Instacart in 2012. That year, he tried to apply for funding through Y Combinator but missed the deadline. He eventually got a meeting by sending a pack of beer to a Y Combinator partner using his grocery delivery service and was later admitted. By 2020, Mehta had become a billionaire at age 33 with a 10% stake in his company. In 2021, Instacart was valued at $39 billion. In July 2021, Mehta stepped down as CEO and is now serving as the executive chairman. Fidji Simo, former head of the Facebook app, is Instacart's new CEO.


title: Patrick and Benjamin Binder

text: Patrick and Benjamin Binder (born February 2, 1987) were conjoined twins, joined at the head, born in Germany in early 1987, and separated at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center on September 7, 1987. They were the first twins to be successfully separated by neurosurgeon Ben Carson, of Baltimore, Maryland. For this operation Carson was able to prepare by studying a three-dimensional physical model of the twins' anatomy. Carson described this separation as the first of its kind, with 23 similar attempted separations ending in the death of one or both twins.


title: Patrick and Benjamin Binder

text: Although Carson was able to separate the boys, they were both left profoundly disabled. The "Associated Press" reported, in 1989, two years after the separation, that Patrick remained in a "vegetative state", following the surgery. He never came out of his coma. According to a 2015 "Washington Post" article, he "died sometime in the last decade".


title: Patrick and Benjamin Binder

text: Benjamin recovered to a certain extent. The "Washington Post" reported that Peter Parlagi, the twins' uncle, said their father was emotionally unable to ever handle them, or share in their care. He said the twin's father became an alcoholic, spent all the couple's funds, and left their mother destitute and alone. She was forced to institutionalize them.


title: Patrick and Benjamin Binder

text: In a 1993 interview, their mother, Theresia Binder, described guilt for agreeing to the operation that ruined the boys' prospect of ever having any quality of life. According to the Washington Post's 2015 interview with Parlagi, Benjamin never learned to speak or feed himself, but he does enjoy visitors, and being taken for walks.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India is world's 3rd largest consumer of electricity and world's 3rd largest renewable energy producer with 40% of energy capacity installed in the year 2022 (160 GW of 400 GW) coming from renewable sources. Ernst & Young's (EY) 2021 Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index (RECAI) ranked India 3rd behind USA and China. In November 2021, India had a renewable energy capacity of 150 GW consisting of solar (48.55 GW), wind (40.03 GW), small hydro power (4.83 GW), bio-mass (10.62 GW), large hydro (46.51 GW), and nuclear (6.78 GW). India has committed for a goal of 500 GW renewable energy capacity by 2030.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: In 2016, Paris Agreement's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions targets, India made commitment of producing 50% of its total electricity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. In 2018, India's Central Electricity Authority set a target of producing 50% of the total electricity from non-fossil fuels sources by 2030. India has also set a target of producing 175 GW by 2022 and 500 GW by 2030 from renewable energy.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: As of September 2020, 89.22 GW solar energy is already operational, projects of 48.21 GW are at various stages of implementation and projects of 25.64 GW capacity are under various stages of bidding. In 2020, 3 of the world's top 5 largest solar parks were in India including world's largest 2255 MW Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan and world's second-largest solar park of 2000 MW Pavgada Solar Park Tumkur in Karnataka and 1000 MW Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh. Wind power in India has a strong manufacturing base with 20 manufactures of 53 different wind turbine models of international quality up to 3 MW in size with exports to Europe, United States and other countries.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Solar, wind and run-of-the-river hydroelectricity are environment-friendly cheaper power sources they are used as ""must-run" sources in India to cater for the base load, and the polluting and foreign-import dependent coal-fired power is increasingly being moved from the "must-run base load" power generation to the load following power generation (mid-priced and mid-merit on-demand need-based intermittently-produced electricity) to meet the peaking demand only. Some of the daily peak demand in India is already met with the renewable peaking hydro power capacity. Solar and wind power with 4-hour battery storage systems, as a source of dispatchable generation compared with new coal and new gas plants, is already cost-competitive in India without subsidy.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India initiated the International Solar Alliance (ISA), an alliance of 121 countries. India was world's first country to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in early 1980s) . Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), a public sector undertaking, is responsible for the development of solar energy industry in India. Hydroelectricity is administered separately by the Ministry of Power and not included in MNRE targets.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India ranks second in terms of population and accounts for 17% of the world’s population. India is globally ranked 3rd in consumption of energy. In terms of installed capacity and investment in renewable energy, the EY's Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index (RECAI) ranking in July 2021 is as follows:


title: Renewable energy in India

text: The installed capacity of renewable power is 119.512 GW as of 30 November 2022. The government has announced that no new coal-based capacity addition is required beyond the 50 GW under different stages of construction likely to come online between 2017 and 2022.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: The following table shows the breakdown of existing installed capacity in March 2020 from all sources, and includes 141.6 GW from renewable sources. Since 2019, the hydropower generated by the under Ministry of Power is also counted towards Ministry of New and Renewable Energy's Renewable Energy Purchase Obligation (REPO) targets, under which the DISCOMs (Distribution Companies) of various states have to source a certain percentage of their power from Renewable Energy Sources under two categories, Solar and Non-Solar.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India ranks 5th globally for installed hydroelectric power capacity. As of 31 March 2020, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 45,699 MW, or 12.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Additional smaller hydroelectric power units with a total capacity of 4,380 MW (1.3% of its total utility power generation capacity) have been installed. Small hydropower, defined to be generated at facilities with nameplate capacities up to 25 MW, comes under the ambit of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy (MNRE); while large hydro, defined as above 25 MW, comes under the ambit of the Ministry of Power.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India is endowed with vast potential of pumped hydroelectric energy storage which can be used economically for converting the non-dispatchable renewable energy like wind, solar and run of the river hydro power in to base/peak load power supply for its ultimate energy needs.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change. The program was inaugurated by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 11 January 2010 with a target of 20GW grid capacity by 2022 as well as 2GW off-grid installations, this target was later increased to 100 GW by the same date under the Narendra Modi government in the 2015 Union budget of India. Achieving this National Solar Mission target would establish India in its ambition to be a global leader in solar power generation. The Mission aims to achieve grid parity (electricity delivered at the same cost and quality as that delivered on the grid) by 2022. The National Solar Mission is also promoted and known by its more colloquial name of "Solar India". The earlier objectives of the mission were to install 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and cover with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2022.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: On 30 November 2015, the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and the President of France Francois Hollande launched the International Solar Alliance. The ISA is an alliance of 121 solar rich countries lying partially or fully between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, several countries outside of this area are also involved with the organization. The ISA aims to promote and develop solar power amongst its members and has the objective of mobilising $1 trillion of investment by 2030. As of August, 2019, the Indian Oil Corporation stated that it wants to invest ₹25,000 crore in renewable energy projects.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Much of the country does not have an electrical grid, so one of the first applications of solar power was for water pumping, to begin replacing India's forty to fifty lakh diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gigawatts. Solar power in India has been growing at a rate of 113% yoy and now dropped to around per kWh, which is around 18% lower than the average price for electricity generated by coal-fired plants.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: As part of India's ambitious solar programme the central government has set up a US$350 million fund and the Yes Bank will loan US$5 billion to finance solar projects (c. January 2018). The bidding process for the addition of 115 GW to January 2018 renewable energy levels was completed by the end of 2019–2020.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India is also the home to the world's first and only 100% solar-powered airport, located at Cochin, Kerala. India also has a wholly 100% solar-powered railway station in Guwhati, Assam. India's first and the largest floating solar power plant was constructed at Banasura Sagar reservoir in Wayanad, Kerala.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for Sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of South India where the electricity grid does not yet extend.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and two of India's largest banks, the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: , India had 10 nuclear reactors under-construction with a combined capacity of 8 GW and 23 existing nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants with a total installed capacity of 7.4 GW (3.11% of total power generation in India). Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after coal, hydroelectricity, solar, wind and gas power.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India is an ideal environment for biomass production given its tropical location, sunshine and rains. The country's vast agricultural potential provides agro-residues which can be used to meet energy needs, both in heat and power applications. According to IREDA "Biomass is capable of supplementing the coal to the tune of about 26 crore (260 million) tonnes", "saving of about ₹25,0000 crore, every year." It is estimated that the potential for biomass energy in India includes 16,000 MW from biomass energy and a further 3,500 MW from bagasse cogeneration. Biomass materials that can be used for power generation include bagasse, rice husk, straw, cotton stalk, coconut shells, soya husk, de-oiled cakes, coffee waste, jute wastes, groundnut shells and sawdust.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: In 2018, India has set target to produce 1.5 crore (15 million) tons (62 mmcmd) of biogas/bio-CNG by installing 5,000 large scale commercial type biogas plants which can produce daily 12.5 tons of bio-CNG by each plant. The rejected organic solids from biogas plants can be used after Torrefaction in the existing coal fired plants to reduce coal consumption.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Synthetic methane (SNG) generated using electricity from carbon neutral renewable power or Bio CNG can be used to produce protein rich feed for cattle, poultry and fish economically by cultivating "Methylococcus capsulatus" bacteria culture with tiny land and water foot print. The carbon dioxide gas produced as by product from these bio protein plants can be recycled in the generation of SNG. Similarly, oxygen gas produced as by product from the electrolysis of water and the methanation process can be consumed in the cultivation of bacteria culture. With these integrated plants, the abundant renewable power potential in India can be converted in to high value food products without any water pollution or green house gas (GHG) emissions for achieving food security at a faster pace with lesser people deployment in agriculture / animal husbandry sector.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Every year, about 5.5 crore (55 million) tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) and 3,800 crore (38 billion) litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1–1.33% annually.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India has had a long involvement with anaerobic digestion and biogas technologies. Waste water treatment plants in the country have been established which produce renewable energy from sewage gas. However, there is still significant untapped potential.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Also wastes from the distillery sector are on some sites converted into biogas to run in a gas engine to generate onsite power. Prominent companies in the waste to energy sector include:


title: Renewable energy in India

text: India imports 85% of petrol products with import cost of $55 billion in 2020–21, India has set a target of blending 20% ethanol in petrol by 2025 resulting in import substitution saving of US$4 billion or ₹30,000 crore, and India provides financial assistance for manufacturing ethanol from rice, wheat, barley, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, sugar beet, etc. Ethanol market penetration reached its highest figure of a 3.3% blend rate in India in 2016.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: Ethanol is produced from sugarcane molasses and partly from grains and can be blended with gasoline. Sugarcane or sugarcane juice may not be used for the production of ethanol in India. Government is also encouraging 2G ethanol commercial production using biomass as feed stock.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: The market for biodiesel remains at an early stage in India with the country achieving a minimal blend rate with diesel of 0.001% in 2016. Initially development was focussed on the jatropha (jatropha curcas) plant as the most suitable inedible oilseed for biodiesel production. Development of biodiesel from jatropha has met a number of agronomic and economic restraints and attention is now moving towards other feedstock technologies which utilize used cooking oils, other unusable oil fractions, animal fat and inedible oils. Biodiesel and also Biopropane are produced from non-edible vegetable oils, used cooking oil, waste animal fats, etc.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fourth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: As of 30 June 2018 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 34,293 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (7,269.50 MW), Maharashtra (4,100.40 MW), Gujarat (3,454.30 MW), Rajasthan (2,784.90 MW), Karnataka (2,318.20 MW), Andhra Pradesh (746.20 MW) and Madhya Pradesh (423.40 MW) Wind power accounts for 10% of India's total installed power capacity. India has set an ambitious target to generate 60,000 MW of electricity from wind power by 2022.


title: Renewable energy in India

text: The Indian Government's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy announced a new wind-solar hybrid policy in May 2018. This means that the same piece of land will be used to house both wind farms and solar panels.


title: Happy Sugar Life

text: The series is centered on high school girl Satō Matsuzaka who befriends a mysterious little girl named Shio and immediately becomes highly attached to her. After finding Shio who was abandoned by her mother, they both agree to live together in Satō's apartment. She vows to protect that feeling of love, even if it means committing crimes or even killing people.


title: Happy Sugar Life

text: Tomiyaki Kagisora launched the manga in Square Enix's "shōnen" manga magazine "Gangan Joker" on May 22, 2015. Eight "tankōbon" volumes of the manga were released from October 22, 2015 to June 22, 2018. The series ended in the June 22, 2019 issue of "Gangan Joker", with the ninth and tenth volumes of the manga releasing on July 22, 2019. On July 8, 2018, during their panel at Anime Expo, Yen Press announced that they had licensed the manga.


title: Happy Sugar Life

text: The anime television series adaptation was directed by Keizō Kusakawa and Nobuyoshi Nagayama and written by Touko Machida, with animation by studio Ezo'la. Shōko Yasuda provided the character designs.


title: Happy Sugar Life

text: Youko Matsubara was the color key artist for the series and Kiyotaka Yachi directed the background art. Yasuyuki Itou served as director of photography, while Yayoi Tateishi was the sound director. The series was edited by Yuuji Oka. Koichiro Kameyama composed the series' music. The opening theme song, was performed by Akari Nanawo, while the ending theme song, "Sweet Hurt", was performed by Reona.


title: Happy Sugar Life

text: The 12-episode series aired in Japan from July 14 to September 29, 2018, broadcasting during the Animeism programming block on MBS, TBS, BS-TBS, and AT-X. The series was simulcasted exclusively on Amazon Video worldwide.


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: Sabrina Debora Salerno (born 15 March 1968), known mononymously as Sabrina, is an Italian singer, songwriter, record producer, model, actress and television presenter.


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: During her career, she has sold over 20 million records worldwide and scored ten international hits, including three number ones. Internationally, she is best known for her 1987 single "Boys (Summertime Love)", which topped the charts in France and Switzerland, and peaked at No. 3 in the United Kingdom. The song was accompanied by a provocative music video, which established Sabrina's image as a sex symbol. Her other popular recordings include "All of Me (Boy Oh Boy)", "My Chico", "Like a Yo-Yo", "Gringo", "Siamo donne" and a cover version of "Call Me".


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: After winning a beauty contest in her native region, Liguria, Sabrina started modelling, and in 1984 she made her television debut on the Italian prime time show "Premiatissima" on Canale 5. In 1986, her debut single "Sexy Girl", sung in English, was released. Produced by Claudio Cecchetto, it became a Top 20 hit in her native Italy and was a modest international success. In late 1987, she released her first studio album, "Sabrina", which was entirely sung in English. In addition to "Sexy Girl", the album included her international breakthrough hit "Boys (Summertime Love)" (Number 1 in both in France and Switzerland, and Top 5 in more than ten other countries;) and "Hot Girl", a Top 20 hit in some European countries. "Boys" gained popularity for its famous video, which included sexually suggestive scenes. The song has sold more than 1.5 million copies to date worldwide and remains Sabrina's trademark hit.


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: In 1988, Sabrina received the "Best European Singer" award during the Festivalbar event. She also enjoyed another European-wide summer hit with the single "All of Me (Boy Oh Boy)", produced by Stock Aitken Waterman. Matt Aitken praised Sabrina's performance in the studio, saying "as a singer she was pretty decent", but noted her modest clothing during the session "did not fulfil the promise that was expected."


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: Aitken expressed some disappointment over the song's chart performance relative to the huge success of "Boys", musing that "maybe the shock value was gone, or maybe they didn't shoot the right scene in the swimming pool for the video."


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: Later in that year, her second studio album, "Super Sabrina", was released, and she maintained her image as a European sex symbol thanks to the raunchy videos that accompanied hits such as "My Chico" (her highest-charting single in Italy) and "Like a Yo-Yo", produced by Giorgio Moroder. The latter became the musical theme of "Odiens", a very popular Italian prime time TV-show, in which Sabrina also appeared. Thanks to the success of her music and modelling, Sabrina performed in many European countries, among others at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1988 and at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, in 1989, where 50,000 people gathered over three days to see her perform. She even starred in a slightly risqué self-titled video game for home computers. In 1989, she starred in the Italian comedy film "Fratelli d'Italia", directed by Neri Parenti, alongside such actors as Christian De Sica, Jerry Calà, and Massimo Boldi. She also released a new single, "Gringo", to moderate success and her first remix album called "Super Remix".


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: In 1990, Sabrina was the hostess of the weekly prime time TV-show "Ricomincio da 2" with Raffaella Carrà on Rai 2, and released a new single called "Yeah Yeah", which was only a modest hit. 1991 marked a turning point in Sabrina's career, when she recorded a duet with Italian singer Jo Squillo, "Siamo donne", her first release in Italian. They performed the song together at 1991's Sanremo Music Festival to much acclaim. Sabrina's third studio album, "Over the Pop", was released the same year, and for the first time she was allowed to co-write and produce some of the songs. Sabrina's desire for independence and distancing from her glamour career led to a conflict with her management. As a result, the promotion of the album suffered and both the album and the follow-up single "Shadows of the Night" were commercial failures. A brand new single, "Cover Model", was released in France and Italy, but was unsuccessful in the charts and Sabrina parted ways with her label and management.


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: Sabrina released several non-album singles in 1994 and 1995, including the moderately successful "Angel Boy" and a new version of "Boys". In 1996, she established her own recording studio in Treviso with her then-husband Enrico Monti, and released her first Italian language album, "Maschio dove sei" which showcased her more mature pop rock sound. The album and its two singles, "Fatta e rifatta" and the title track, were surprisingly acclaimed by the critics, but were commercial failures due to a lack of promotion and distribution. The album would be re-released the following year as "Numeri", featuring a new title song. Sabrina debuted as a theatrical actress in the comedy "I cavalieri della Tavola Rotonda", playing the role of Morgan le Fay, and then hosted the game show "Il mercante in fiera".


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: In 1998, Sabrina was cast in a comedy called "Uomini sull'orlo di una crisi di nervi" which was also very successful, and subsequently hosted the TV-show "Cocco di mamma" on Rai 1. In this show she would sing some Italian and international summer hits of the past, what led her to launching a comeback in music. In 1999, Sabrina released a new album, "A Flower's Broken". Although the music video accompanying the song "I Love You" sparked some interest, both the album and the single were unsuccessful, largely due to the dissolution of her label RTI Music. Sabrina appeared on the British TV-show "Eurotrash" in which she performed "I Love You".


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: 2001 saw Sabrina's comeback to theatre with the musical "Emozioni", in which she starred alongside Vladimir Luxuria. The play received very good reviews from critics and toured Italy for almost three years. In 2002, Sabrina hosted another television show on Italia 1 called "Matricole & Meteore", a ‘where are they now’ series in which she uncovered the current situations of former superstars, such as Shannen Doherty, Al Corley, Gary Coleman and Charlene Tilton. In 2005, she starred in the independent film "Colori" which premiered at Salerno's Independent Cinema Festival, where she won the Critics' Choice Award for "Best Actress". In November of that year, Sabrina performed at the nostalgia concert "Diskoteka 80-kh" in Russia. The following year, she premiered a new song called "I Feel Love (Good Sensation)" on her website.


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: In 2007, Sabrina toured France and published a cover version of the disco classic "Born to Be Alive" on her Myspace page. In 2008, she toured France again, with the nostalgia tour RFM Party 80, organized by the French radio network RFM. She also performed at another ‘80s revival concert in Poland, which was part of the Sopot Festival, together with Kim Wilde, Samantha Fox, Sandra, Thomas Anders (ex-Modern Talking), Limahl and Shakin' Stevens. In October 2008, Sabrina released a double album, called "Erase/Rewind Official Remix", which included new versions of her old hits as well as several new tracks and cover versions.


title: Sabrina Salerno

text: In 2010, Sabrina and English singer Samantha Fox released a cover version of Blondie's hit "Call Me" as a duet. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Italian Dance Singles Sales Chart. During the summer of 2010 she hosted the prime time TV-show "Mitici 80" on Italia 1. In 2012, Sabrina starred as herself in the French movie "Stars 80", directed by Frédéric Forestier and produced by Thomas Langmann, and was on another RFM tour in France. In 2013, Sabrina featured on Neon Neon's song "Shopping (I Like To)", from the duo's second studio album "Praxis Makes Perfect". During the same year, she continued touring in France with the RFM Party and started recording new material. During March and April 2014, Sabrina performed with and mentored a dance group called LECCEzione on Rai 1 prime time TV-show "La Pista". In June, she released a Rick Nowels-produced single called "Colour Me", written and co-produced by Sabrina herself.


title: Garden

text: A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is "control". The garden can incorporate both natural and artificial materials.


title: Garden

text: Gardens often have design features including statuary, follies, pergolas, trellises, stumperies, dry creek beds, and water features such as fountains, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or creeks. Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while others also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby or self-sustenance rather than producing for sale, as in a market garden). Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and fragrances to create interest and delight the senses.


title: Garden

text: The most common form today is a residential or public garden, but the term "garden" has traditionally been a more general one. Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens. Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, with "garden", which etymologically implies "enclosure", often signifying a shortened form of botanical garden. Some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, however, use plants sparsely or not at all. Landscape gardens, on the other hand, such as the English landscape gardens first developed in the 18th century, may omit flowers altogether.


title: Garden

text: Landscape architecture is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to engage in design at many scales and working on both public and private projects.


title: Garden

text: The etymology of the word "gardening" refers to enclosure: it is from Middle English "gardin", from Anglo-French "gardin", "jardin", of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German "gard", "gart", an enclosure or compound, as in Stuttgart. See Grad (Slavic settlement) for more complete etymology. The words "yard", "court", and Latin "hortus" (meaning "garden", hence horticulture and orchard), are cognates—all referring to an enclosed space.


title: Garden

text: The term "garden" in British English refers to a small enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building. This would be referred to as a yard in American English.


title: Garden

text: The earliest recorded Chinese gardens were created in the valley of the Yellow River, during the Shang Dynasty (1600–1046 BC). These gardens were large enclosed parks where the kings and nobles hunted game, or where fruit and vegetables were grown. Early inscriptions from this period, carved on tortoise shells, have three Chinese characters for garden, "you", "pu" and "yuan". "You" was a royal garden where birds and animals were kept, while "pu" was a garden for plants. During the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC), "yuan" became the character for all gardens. The old character for "yuan" is a small picture of a garden; it is enclosed in a square which can represent a wall, and has symbols which can represent the plan of a structure, a small square which can represent a pond, and a symbol for a plantation or a pomegranate tree.


title: Garden

text: A famous royal garden of the late Shang dynasty was the "Terrace, Pond and Park" of the Spirit ("Lingtai, Lingzhao Lingyou") built by King Wenwang west of his capital city, Yin. The park was described in the "Classic of Poetry" this way:


title: Garden

text: Another early royal garden was "Shaqui", or the "Dunes of Sand", built by the last Shang ruler, King Zhou (1075–1046 BC). It was composed of an earth terrace, or "tai", which served as an observation platform in the center of a large square park. It was described in one of the early classics of Chinese literature, the "Records of the Grand Historian" ("Shiji"). According to the "Shiji", one of the most famous features of this garden was the "Wine Pool and Meat Forest" (酒池肉林). A large pool, big enough for several small boats, was constructed on the palace grounds, with inner linings of polished oval shaped stones from the seashore. The pool was then filled with wine. A small island was constructed in the middle of the pool, where trees were planted, which had skewers of roasted meat hanging from their branches. King Zhou and his friends and concubines drifted in their boats, drinking the wine with their hands and eating the roasted meat from the trees. Later Chinese philosophers and historians cited this garden as an example of decadence and bad taste.


title: Garden

text: During the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC), in 535 BC, the "Terrace of Shanghua", with lavishly decorated palaces, was built by King Jing of the Zhou dynasty. In 505 BC, an even more elaborate garden, the "Terrace of Gusu", was begun. It was located on the side of a mountain, and included a series of terraces connected by galleries, along with a lake where boats in the form of blue dragons navigated. From the highest terrace, a view extended as far as Lake Tai, the Great Lake.


title: Garden

text: "Manasollasa" is a twelfth century Sanskrit text that offers details on garden design and a variety of other subjects. Both public parks and woodland gardens are described, with about 40 types of trees recommended for the park in the "Vana-krida" chapter. "Shilparatna", a text from the sixteenth century, states that flower gardens or public parks should be located in the northern portion of a town.