title: Sibiu

text: As of 2011 census data, Sibiu has a population of 147,245, a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2002 census, making it the 14th-largest city in Romania. The ethnic breakdown was as follows:


title: Sibiu

text: A 2017 estimate placed the population at 169,316, a 14.98 percent increase since 2011. This increase makes Sibiu's population surpass the numbers observed in 1992 when the previously highest population was recorded.


title: Sibiu

text: Today, most of the population is Romanian Orthodox. Protestants and Roman Catholics represent about 5% of the population.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu is an important economic hub for Romania, with a high rate of foreign investments. It is also an important hub for the manufacturing of automotive components and houses factories belonging to ThyssenKrupp Bilstein-Compa, Takata Corporation, Continental Automotive Systems, Marquardt Group and NTN-SNR ball bearings.


title: Sibiu

text: Other local industries are machine components, textiles, agro-industry, and electrical components (Siemens).


title: Sibiu

text: The city also contained Romania's second-largest stock exchange, the Sibiu Stock Exchange which merged with the Bucharest Stock Exchange in 2018.


title: Sibiu

text: The main industrial activities of Sibiu take place in two industrial zones located on the outskirts of the city:


title: Sibiu

text: A commercial zone located in the Șelimbăr commune plays an important role in the economy of Sibiu. It houses a mall and other large retailers.


title: Sibiu

text: Another factor that plays an important role in the economy of the city is tourism, which has been increasing at a steady rate since 2007.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu is well served in terms of transport and infrastructure. In 2010 a city bypass was opened, significantly reducing the road traffic inside the city.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu International Airport is one of the most modern international airports in Romania, with direct connections to Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu is an important node in the European road network, being on two different European routes (E68 and E81). At a national level, Sibiu is located on three different main national roads, DN1, DN7 and DN14.


title: Sibiu

text: The Romanian Motorway A1 will link the city with Pitești and the Romanian western border, near Arad. From the remaining of motorway towards the border with Hungary Nadlac, a total of is completed and the last are currently under construction, while the timeline for the segment towards Pitești is targeted for completion for the year 2025 (construction will start no sooner than 2019). Sibiu' s ring road as part of A1 motorway was completed on 1 December 2010.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu is also an important hub for the international bus links with the biggest passenger transporter in Romania, Atlassib, based here. Transport companies are also providing coach connections from Sibiu to a large number of locations in Romania.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 200 (Brasov – Făgăraș – Sibiu – Simeria – Arad – Romanian Western Border) and on Line 206 (Sibiu – Mediaș).


title: Sibiu

text: The city is served by five rail stations: the Main Station (Gara Mare), the Little Station ("Gara Mică"), Turnișor, Sibiu Triaj, Halta Ateliere Zonă . It has an important diesel-powered locomotives depot and a freight terminal.


title: Sibiu

text: Numerous Inter Regional trains (nicknamed Blue Arrows) connect Sibiu to other major cities in Romania: Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, Craiova, Timișoara and Bucharest.


title: Sibiu

text: Over the last six years, Sibiu has enjoyed a revival of cycling. The bicycle way in the city spans for 43 kilometers.


title: Sibiu

text: Bicycle rentals have offered a boost for the local economy with several small rental centers and a bigger rental center that is administered by the I'Velo Bike Sharing group.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu is an important centre of higher education, with over 23,000 students in four public and private higher institutions.


title: Sibiu

text: The Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu was founded in 1990, with five faculties: Engineering and Sciences; Language Sciences; History and Law; Medicine; Food and Textile Processing Technology. Nowadays, there are 10 faculties and departments.


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu also houses the Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy and the Military Foreign Language Center as well as two private universities, "Romanian-German University" and "Alma Mater University".


title: Sibiu

text: In Sibiu there are 20 educational institutions on the secondary level, the most important of which are:


title: Sibiu

text: The city houses a football stadium, a multi-functional arena building (Sala Transilvania), a rugby court, a municipal pool and several private tennis courts.


title: Sibiu

text: Also, several sports international competitions are taking place every year: Sibiu Cycling Tour (in July), Red Bull Romaniacs Hard Enduro Rallye (around July), Sibiu Open (formerly held in September), Sibiu Rally (currently held in October).


title: Sibiu

text: Sibiu has had a long football tradition, starting in 1913 with the founding of Șoimii Sibiu, which was the launchpad of Ilie Oană's career, who later became a star of FC Petrolul Ploiești. Later came Societatea Gimnastică Sibiu, a sport club of Sibiu's Transylvanian Saxon community, which's best performance was reaching the Divizia A final in the 1930–31 season. The best ever football team from Sibiu, based on performances, was Inter Sibiu, which had finished 4th after the 1990–91 season and had won the Balkans Cup during the same season. During the 21st century, the city has been represented by FC Sibiu and Voința Sibiu (of which only the latter has reached Liga I). Currently, FC Hermannstadt is the only major football team representing Sibiu.


title: Sibiu

text: CSU Sibiu, one of the best Romanian basketball teams at the moment, represents Sibiu in the top tier of Romanian basketball, Liga Națională.


title: Sibiu

text: The city's handball team is called CSM Sibiu. Additionally, the nearby town of Cisnădie has a women's team in the first league, CS Măgura.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Operation Ivy was an American punk rock band from Berkeley, California, formed in May 1987. The band was stylistically important, as one of the first bands to mix the elements of hardcore punk and ska into a new amalgam called ska punk. The band was critical to the emergence of Lookout Records and the so-called "East Bay Sound."


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: The band's name was derived from the Operation Ivy series of nuclear tests in 1952. Although the band released just one full-length album before breaking up in May 1989, Operation Ivy is well remembered as the direct antecedent of


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: popular band Rancid and for wielding a lasting stylistic influence over numerous other bands in what became the third wave ska movement.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Operation Ivy was formed in May 1987 and was named after the code name of a 1952 American nuclear weapons testing program. The name had previously been the original name of the contemporary Berkeley punk band Isocracy.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: The band consisted of Jesse Michaels (lead vocals), Tim "Lint" Armstrong (guitar, vocals), Matt "McCall" Freeman (bass, vocals), and Dave Mello (drums). Prior to the formation of Operation Ivy, Armstrong and Freeman had played together in the Berkeley ska punk band Basic Radio.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Operation Ivy's first live performance was on May 27, 1987, in Dave Mello's garage. The next day began a tradition of performances at the Berkeley punk collective center 924 Gilman Street. Operation Ivy began playing a number of performances which led to its almost immediate cult-following.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: After witnessing a live show in Southern California, Joy Aoki of "Flipside" Magazine described the energetic new band as a "swell bunch of guys" who "mix hard-edged ska with the intensity of young thrash."


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: In October 1987, the band made its recording debut with a track on the "Maximumrocknroll" compilation album "Turn It Around!".


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: In January 1988, the band signed to Lookout Records and released its debut 7-inch record, "Hectic", which became one of Lookout's best-selling records. By this time, Operation Ivy, along with Crimpshrine and The Mr. T Experience, was one of the most successful bands from the punk scene at 924 Gilman Street. The band began playing a number of performances and embarked on a tour across the United States. By mid-1988, the group began selling out larger venues and the pressure to sign to major labels began to rise.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Operation Ivy released its only studio album "Energy" through Lookout in March 1989. The group broke up two months later in May, and its last official live performance was on May 28, 1989. This was also Green Day's first performance with the name Green Day at 924 Gilman Street, at what was supposed to have been Operation Ivy's record release party. Operation Ivy played one more unofficial performance the following day, mostly for friends and family, in Robert Eggplant's backyard in Pinole, California.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: In two years, the band performed 185 shows and recorded a total of 32 songs (28 released officially, 4 on the bootlegged EP "Plea for Peace"), as well as songs which were recorded only as demos, such as "Hedgecore" (about a favorite pastime of the band which involved artfully jumping into manicured bushes), "Hangin' Out", "Sarcastic" and "Left Behind". Recordings from their aborted attempt to record "Energy" at 924 Gilman Street also exist, and include early versions of songs which appeared later on the final studio version of "Energy", such as "6 to 10" which evolved into "Vulnerability", and an early version of "Unity" with horn accompaniment and a different chorus. All of its known demos and unreleased recordings are available on bootlegs.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: The lyrics and tone of Operation Ivy's music portray a vociferous desire for social justice and a strong distrust of mainstream conformist culture.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: In 1991, two years after the group's demise, Lookout Records released a compilation album of 27 tracks including "Energy" and "Hectic" in their entirety and the songs "Officer" and "I Got No" all the way to "Turn It Around!". It was released as a complete discography (sometimes referred to as a re-release of "Energy").


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Although Operation Ivy released only one studio album, "Energy" and had little mainstream success during its career, the band maintained a large underground cult following and influenced numerous bands.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: An array of artists have covered Operation Ivy songs, most of which are featured on a 1997 tribute album, "Take Warning: The Songs of Operation Ivy." Included are recordings by such bands as Long Beach Dub All Stars covering "Take Warning", Reel Big Fish covering "Unity", Blue Meanies covering "Yellin' in My Ear", Cherry Poppin' Daddies covering "Sound System", The Hippos covering "Freeze Up" and The Aquabats with a "campfire-style" cover of "Knowledge".


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Other bands to cover Operation Ivy songs include a rendition of "Healthy Body" by Area-7, "Smiling" by Goldfinger, "Sound System" by Buck O Nine, "Caution" by No Trigger and more covers of "Knowledge" by both Millencolin and Evergreen Terrace. Link 80 was known to cover "I Got No," "The Crowd" and "Room Without a Window" (which appeared on their first demo, recorded at Gilman). Hollywood Undead released a cover of the song "Bad Town" in 2010, Green Day recorded a cover of the Operation Ivy song "Knowledge" for its extended play "Slappy" which was later released on the compilation album "1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours". Green Day have continued to play the song live (where the band picks members out of the audience to play its instruments). Additionally, Rancid have played Operation Ivy songs at its live performances. In October 2015, Leftöver Crack, a band heavily influenced by Operation Ivy, were joined by Jesse Michaels for performances of "Sound System" and "Unity". Armstrong also joined Boston ska band Big D and the Kids Table for a performance of "Sound System" in Montreal.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Two of the band's members, Armstrong and Freeman, have performed with the bands Rancid, The Ljs, Dance Hall Crashers, Generator, Basic Radio, Downfall, Devil's Brigade, Shaken 69 and Transplants. Additionally, Freeman has performed with Auntie Christ, MDC and Social Distortion. Armstrong also has begun releasing music under the moniker Tim Timebomb.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Drummer Dave Mello went on to perform in the punk band Schlong with his brother Pat and singer Gavin. He is currently drumming in the punk band Kicker from Oakland California, replacing previous drummer Toby Bitter (known best for being in the bands Filth, Impuse Items, and Submachine).


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: Michaels eventually resurfaced with a project band, Big Rig, which released a four-song EP titled "Expansive Heart". In 1999 he formed Common Rider, which included bassist Mass Giorgini (producer and bassist for Squirtgun) and drummer Dan Lumley (of Squirtgun and Screeching Weasel, among others). Common Rider released a seven-inch EP and two studio albums and toured nationwide before disbanding in 2003. B-sides from its second album "This Is Unity Music" were used in a split EP with the Florida skacore band Against All Authority.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: In 2008, Michaels collaborated with the indie/punk group Hard Girls to form a punk band called Classics of Love (who were named after a Common Rider song). The band plays traditional punk rock with Michaels serving as the band's lead vocalist. They released a 6-song EP released on Asian Man Records in 2009, and a full-length record (also with Asian Man Records) in 2012.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: On May 4, 2006, it was announced that "Energy" had officially been removed from Lookout Records' catalog. The album had been one of the label's best-selling albums, after Green Day's first two albums. Operation Ivy followed bands such as Green Day, Screeching Weasel, The Queers, and Ted Leo and the Pharmacists in leaving Lookout and taking back the rights to their back catalog due to unpaid royalties.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: The 1991 compilation "Operation Ivy" was later reissued on November 6, 2007, by Epitaph Records subsidiary Hellcat Records as a self-titled compilation album. Hellcat Records is former band member Tim Armstrong's label. While the Epitaph reissue's track list is identical to the 1991 Lookout release, the 2007 re-release features remastered audio and new Digipak packaging. Hellcat re-issued the original versions of both "Energy" and "Hectic" on red and clear vinyl in April 2012.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: The group has stated a number of times that an Operation Ivy reunion is unlikely to happen. Michaels addressed reunion issues in a Myspace blog citing the legal and logistic difficulties in getting the four members together for a reunion, as well as the fact that the band "never belonged in a big rock club in a one to two thousand seat joint." He concluded the post with the following: "[Will] it happen? The most honest answer is probably not." Michaels' sentiment was later echoed by Tim Armstrong:


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: During Rancid's US tour in 2006, Armstrong and Freeman played select tracks from their previous band's catalog. At a performance at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco on December 17, 2006, Michaels reunited with Armstrong and Freeman to perform the tracks "Unity" as well as "Sound System". It was his first time on stage with the two in over 15 years.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: In 2013 and for the first time in 24 years, Michaels and Armstrong (under the name Tim Timebomb) recorded a song together when Michaels appeared on "Living in a Dangerous Land", a song Armstrong released as part of his "Tim Timebomb and Friends" series.


title: Operation Ivy (band)

text: "Note: these are compilation albums featuring multiple artists. Most of them contain only one or two Operation Ivy songs."


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The 2020 season was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' 45th in the National Football League (NFL) and their second under head coach Bruce Arians. The club acquired long-time New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and traded for Brady's former Patriots teammate, tight end Rob Gronkowski during the offseason. They improved on their 7–9 record from the previous season by finishing 11–5 to qualify for the playoffs for the first time since 2007. They advanced through the playoffs to reach and win Super Bowl LV. They were the first team only having one Pro Bowler to do so since the 2007 Giants, and the first team to play in and win the Super Bowl in their home stadium, Raymond James Stadium. They were the 7th wild card team in NFL history to win the Super Bowl, as well as the fifth team to win three road games to advance to the Super Bowl, joining the 2010 Green Bay Packers, 2007 New York Giants, 2005 Pittsburgh Steelers, and 1985 New England Patriots.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The team unveiled new uniforms in April 2020, their first uniform change since 2014. The uniforms are similar in design to the ones they wore from 1997 to 2013.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The offseason began strong with the team re-signing outside linebacker Jason Pierre-Paul and defensive end Ndamukong Suh. Pierre-Paul and Suh were re-signed after the team placed the franchise tag on outside linebacker Shaquil Barrett, the then-reigning NFL sack leader with 19.5 sacks in 2019. Bringing them back was crucial, as they helped the Buccaneers finish 2019 with the best run defense in the league.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The biggest move was the acquisition of long-time New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady. At the conclusion of the 2019 season, 2015 first-round draft pick Jameis Winston arrived at the end of his initial five-year contract, resulting in a period of uncertainty at the quarterback position. The club declined to apply the franchise tag to Winston (instead using it on linebacker Shaquil Barrett), nor the transition tag, which was also available for 2020. It thus became clear that the team planned to part ways with Winston. On March 20, 2020, the team agreed to terms with free agent Brady. The Buccaneers also traded for Brady's former Patriots teammate, tight end Rob Gronkowski. They would also sign veterans LeSean McCoy and Leonard Fournette. On October 23, 2020, the Buccaneers signed former All-Pro wide receiver Antonio Brown, marking his return to the NFL after a one-year hiatus.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: With high expectations going into the season, the team nevertheless had various growing pains during the season. The team began the season with a loss at New Orleans on Opening Day. The team rebounded to win their next two games in strong fashion. In Week 4 against the Chargers, The Buccaneers rallied from a 17-point deficit to improve to 3–1. After a somewhat embarrassing loss on Thursday night at Chicago in Week 5, the Buccaneers again bounced back, this time with a commanding 38–10 win over the previously undefeated Packers. In that game, Tampa Bay overcame a 10–0 deficit following Jamel Dean's early pick-six. They followed that with a 45-point showing in a win at Las Vegas, and a close Monday Night win at the Giants, to improve their record to 6–2. The month of November saw Tampa Bay hit a skid, as they lost three out of four games. They were routed at home by New Orleans, then dropped close games against both the Rams and Chiefs. Each of those three teams would make the playoffs. The loss to the Saints would set a record as the worst loss (35 point margin) by a Super Bowl champion.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Brady later said that playing behind closed doors because of the COVID-19 pandemic made it easier for him to execute his new team's unfamiliar football playbook. With a late season bye week (Week 13), Tampa Bay rested and regrouped, and would not lose another game. The Buccaneers clinched their first winning season since 2016 after a come-from-behind Week 15 win over Atlanta. Despite losing the division title to rival New Orleans Saints on Christmas Day, the Buccaneers qualified for the playoffs the following day for the first time since 2007 with a 47–7 rout over Detroit. It ended the league's second-longest active post-season drought.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: In the Wild Card round, Tampa Bay won their first playoff game since Super Bowl XXXVII, defeating Washington 31–23. They advanced to the Divisional round against the New Orleans Saints, who had swept them in the regular season. Tampa Bay defeated the Saints 30–20 to avenge those losses and advance to the NFC Championship Game. The Buccaneers then beat the top-seeded Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game 31–26 to advance to Super Bowl LV, where they defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 31–9 for their second Super Bowl title.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: To win the Super Bowl, the Buccaneers had to defeat three Super Bowl MVP quarterbacks. In order they beat Drew Brees (XLIV), Aaron Rodgers (XLV), and Patrick Mahomes (LIV). They were the first team in NFL history to play in a Super Bowl in its home stadium and the seventh team to win the Super Bowl as a wild card team. They joined the 1985 Patriots, 2005 Steelers, 2007 Giants, and 2010 Packers as the only NFL teams to win three straight playoff games on the road. The team mimicked the 2002 team by also defeating the top-ranked offense in the Super Bowl, and forcing multiple turnovers in the Super Bowl.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Head coach Bruce Arians became the oldest head coach in NFL history to win a Super Bowl while assistant defensive line coach Lori Locust and assistant strength and conditioning coach Maral Javadifar became the first female coaches in NFL history to win a Super Bowl. The Buccaneers also joined the Baltimore Ravens as the only franchises to currently be undefeated in multiple Super Bowl appearances, and now have the most titles of any team in the NFC South. Quarterback Tom Brady won his seventh Super Bowl ring, later revealing that he played the entire season with a torn MCL.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The Buccaneers defense, somewhat maligned over the previous several seasons, improved in several categories. In total yards allowed, they improved from 15th in the league the previous season to 6th. In 2017 they had ranked last. In passing yards allowed, they improved from 30th in 2019 to 21st. In total points allowed, they improved from 29th in 2019 to 8th. They also flipped the turnover margin from –13 in 2019 to +8 in 2020.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Several franchise records were set during the regular season. Tom Brady threw a Buccaneers record 40 touchdown passes, while Mike Evans had a record 13 receiving touchdowns. Evans became the first wide receiver in NFL history with 1,000+ yards receiving in each of his first seven seasons. Brady posted the best season passer rating (102.2) in team history, and also tallied the most games with four or more touchdown passes (4). The team set a new high for most points scored (492) and most total touchdowns (59). Kicker Ryan Succop set a team record for most points by an individual player during a single season with 136. The team also set a club record with eight consecutive overall wins (and ultimately extended the streak to 10 in 2021).


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The Buccaneers' preseason schedule was announced on May 7, but was later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tom Brady made his debut at quarterback with the Buccaneers against division rival New Orleans on opening day. Due to COVID-19, the game was played at the Superdome without spectators. Brady faced Drew Brees, the first game in NFL history where both starting quarterbacks were over the age of 40. Brady led the Buccaneers on a 9-play, 85-yard opening drive, which was capped off by a 2-yard QB keeper, and an early 7–0 lead. Turnovers and miscues by the Buccaneers, however, were the prevailing story of the day. Brady threw two interceptions, one returned for a touchdown, and the Saints won 34–23.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Registering a 13.1 rating, it was the highest-rated regular season game of the 2020 NFL season, and second most-watched measured by total viewers (25.9 million).


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tom Brady threw for 217 yards and one touchdown pass, as Tampa Bay defeated Carolina in their home opener, their first win of the season. Due to COVID-19, the game was played at Raymond James Stadium without spectators. Leonard Fournette rushed for 103 yards and two touchdowns, while Mike Evans, who saw limited play in week 1 due to a hamstring injury, rebounded with 104 yards receiving and one touchdown. The Buccaneers jumped out to a 21–0 lead at halftime and held on for a 31–17 victory. The Tampa Bay defense forced four turnovers, and stuffed one fake punt attempt by the Panthers. This game marked the first time Brady beat the Panthers since 2009, and his first win as a Buccaneer.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tom Brady threw for 297 yards and three touchdown passes, and the Buccaneers defense recorded six sacks and two interceptions in a blowout win over the Broncos. It was Tampa Bay's first win over the Broncos since 1999, and first win in Denver since 1993. Shaquil Barrett returned to Empower Field for the first time since the 2018 season, when he played for the Broncos. He punished his old team, and was named NFC Defensive Player of the Week after, totaling 5 solo tackles, 6 total, three tackles for loss, and two sacks, the first of which was a safety.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The Chargers jumped out to a 24–7 lead in the second quarter, but the Buccaneers rallied in the second half to win by the score of 38–31. Quarterback Tom Brady, who threw a Pick 6 in the first quarter, rebounded to pass for 369 yards, and 5 touchdown passes (to five different receivers). The Chargers were up by 17 with less than one minute left in the first half. Ndamukong Suh forced a fumble on Joshua Kelley, and the Buccaneers recovered at the Chargers 6-yard line. Brady's touchdown pass to Mike Evans with 28-second left before halftime made the score 24–14, and was the turning point of the game. Tampa Bay scored touchdowns on the first three drives of the second half, and led 38–31 with 2:44 left in the fourth quarter. With 2:35 remaining in regulation, Justin Herbert's pass was intercepted by Carlton Davis near midfield. Tampa Bay ran out the clock, and it was their biggest comeback win since 2008.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: On Thursday Night Football, the Buccaneers jumped out to a 10–0 lead in the first quarter, but it was thwarted as the Bears scored two touchdowns in the final 1:48 of the first half, including a one-handed 12-yard touchdown reception by Jimmy Graham. In the third quarter, the Buccaneers responded with a long field goal, but Bears kicker Cairo Santos countered with a long field goal of his own. The two teams then traded a field goals. Trailing 20–19 in the final minute of regulation, Tampa Bay was driving near midfield. Quarterback Tom Brady threw an incomplete pass, not realizing it was 4th down, which effectively ended the game. Bears quarterback Nick Foles finished with 243 yards, a touchdown, as well as an interception. Tom Brady finished with 253 yards and one touchdown pass to Mike Evans.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: With the loss, the Buccaneers dropped to 3–2. As of the 2021-22 season, this remains Brady's only career loss to the Monsters of the Midway, whom he defeated in five meetings out of five during his two-decade run in New England.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay soundly beat previously undefeated Green Bay by the score of 38–10 at Raymond James Stadium, in front of a limited crowd of approximately 25% capacity. Aaron Jones scored a 1-yard touchdown run in the first quarter, as the Packers built a 10–0 lead. But the remainder of the game was dominated by the Buccaneers. Early in the second quarter, Aaron Rodgers' pass was intercepted by Jamel Dean who returned it for a 32-yard touchdown. Three plays later, Rodgers was intercepted again. A tipped pass fell into the hands of Mike Edwards, who ran it back 37 yards to the 2-yard line. Ronald Jones scored the first of two rushing touchdowns, as Tampa Bay took a 14–10 lead. Tom Brady threw two touchdown passes in the second quarter, including his 79th regular season touchdown pass to Rob Gronkowski. The Tampa Bay defense shut out Rodgers and the Packers offense for the rest of the game. Rodgers was sacked five times, and the Packers never crossed midfield in the second half. The Buccaneers also tied a team record with zero penalties, a feat accomplished only once by the club in 1983. This is also their first 4–2 start since 2011.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Down by 28, Rodgers would be benched midway through the fourth quarter and replaced with Tim Boyle. Boyle did not fare well either, as on his third snap, he was sacked by Jason Pierre-Paul. The ball was fumbled, but recovered by the Packers. The game would ultimately be a preview of the NFC Championship Game, in which the Buccaneers beat the top-seeded Packers for the second time this season at Lambeau Field on January 24, 2021.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay made their first-ever trip to Las Vegas to face the Raiders. The game was played without spectators. They faced former head coach Jon Gruden for the first time since 1999 and for the first time since Gruden (who was the Buccaneers head coach from 2002 to 2008, winning Super Bowl XXXVII) was fired from the club. Quarterback Tom Brady threw for 369 yards, four touchdown passes, and ran for a touchdown, as the Buccaneers defeated the Raiders 45–20. Derek Carr was sacked three times and intercepted once, as the Tampa Bay defense continued to excel. The Raiders were held to only 76-yard rushing, and the Buccaneers lead the NFL in fewest rushing yards per game allowed. The game was originally scheduled for "Sunday Night Football" but was moved to 4:05 p.m. after four starting offensive linemen for the Raiders were placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list. Devin White, who was passed on by the Raiders in the 2019 Draft, finished with 11 total tackles, 9 solo, two tackles for loss, and 3 sacks.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay defeated the Giants on "Monday Night Football" to improve to a record of 6–2, the club's best start since their 2002 Super Bowl-winning season. After a shaky first half for the team, Tom Brady rallied the Buccaneers in the second half for a 25–23 victory. The Giants led 14–6 at halftime, and received the opening kickoff of the second half. On the second play from scrimmage in the third quarter, quarterback Daniel Jones was intercepted by Carlton Davis, which led to a Tampa Bay field goal. After a three-and-out by the Giants, Brady connected with Rob Gronkowski for a 3-yard touchdown pass, and a 15–14 lead. With just over 12 minutes left in regulation, Jones threw his second interception. Hurried and pressured, his pass was picked off by a diving Sean Murphy-Bunting. The turnover led to Brady's second touchdown pass, an 8-yard fingertip grab to a diving Mike Evans in the right corner of the endzone.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: In the final three minutes, the Giants were driving for a potential game-tying score. Twice Jones converted on fourth down and long, and connected with Golden Tate for a touchdown with 33 seconds left in regulation. With the score 25–23, the Giants attempted a two-point conversion to tie the game and force overtime. Jones' pass attempt to Dion Lewis was broken up by Antoine Winfield Jr. A flag for pass interference was initially thrown by one of the officials, but after a conference, the flag was picked up and the conversion failed. Tampa Bay held on to win 25–23, their first win at MetLife Stadium, and first win at the Meadowlands since 1997.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay hosted New Orleans on "Sunday Night Football". The Saints routed the Buccaneers 38–3 to sweep the season series. Tom Brady threw three interceptions in the loss. Tampa Bay snapped a streak of 22 touchdowns scored when facing a "Goal to Go" situation. Early in the third quarter, Tampa Bay recovered a Drew Brees fumble, and subsequently faced a 1st & Goal at the New Orleans 1 yard line. In four plays the Buccaneers could not punch the ball in for a score, and failed to score a touchdown in a game for the first time in two years (Week 10 of 2018). This was the first time in Tom Brady's career that he was swept in two meetings by a division rival in the regular season; it was also the largest margin of defeat for Brady in his career as a starter, surpassing a 31–0 loss to Buffalo in the 2003 season and the worst defeat for an eventual Super Bowl champion in NFL history.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Antonio Brown, signed by Tampa Bay on October 27, made his first appearance with the team. He made three receptions for 31 yards.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Ronald Jones II scored on a 98-yard touchdown run, the longest rush and longest play from scrimmage in team history, as Tampa Bay swept the season series against Carolina. The Buccaneers rebounded after their lopsided loss to the Saints the previous week. Quarterback Tom Brady threw for 341 yards and three touchdown passes, and ran for a touchdown, as Tampa Bay racked up 544 yards of total offense. Carolina led 17–10 late in the second quarter, but Mike Evans made a leaping touchdown catch at the back of the endzone with 27 seconds left in the half to tie the game at 17–17. Miscues then began piling up for the Panthers. Teddy Bridgewater threw an apparent 42-yard catch to D. J. Moore, giving the Panthers a chance for a field goal attempt before halftime. But with seconds left, a delay of game penalty on the Buccaneers, followed by a timeout, allowed officials to review the play. The play was overturned, and the half ended. After the Jones touchdown run midway through the third quarter, Bridgewater threw an interception, which led to a Buccaneers field goal. Bridgewater would later leave the game with a knee injury. Tampa Bay scored points on nine straight drives, including a touchdown run by Brady and a touchdown catch by Rob Gronkowski, both in the fourth quarter, to seal the victory. The Bucs swept the Panthers for the first time since 2010.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Quarterbacks Tom Brady and Jared Goff met for the first time since Super Bowl LIII. On "Monday Night Football", Goff threw for 376 yards and three touchdown passes, as the Rams held off the Buccaneers to win 27–24. Brady finished the game with only 216 yards passing, and threw two interceptions. After a prolific ground performance the week before, Ronald Jones II was held to only 10 carries for 24 yards rushing. With the game tied 24–24, Matt Gay kicked a 40-yard go-ahead field goal with 2:36 left in regulation. Brady and the Buccaneers then took over, looking to score to win or force overtime. Brady's deep pass was intercepted at the 31-yard line, and the Rams secured the victory. It was the third loss in four primetime appearances for the Buccaneers.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The game was significant in NFL history as it featured the first all-African American officiating crew.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tyreek Hill racked up 269 yards receiving and three touchdown passes, much of it in the first half, as the defending Super Bowl champions Kansas City outlasted Tampa Bay by the score of 27–24. The Buccaneers lost their second straight game, and third game in four weeks heading into their bye week.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: After trailing 20–7 at halftime, the Buccaneers narrowed the deficit. Tom Brady connected with Rob Gronkowski for a 48-yard completion to the Kansas City 5-yard line. They had to settle, however, for a Ryan Succop field goal. Brady connected with Mike Evans for two fourth quarter touchdowns, and closed to within 3 points with 4:14 remaining in regulation. Needing a defensive stop to get the ball back, the Buccaneers could not contain Patrick Mahomes, who first scrambled for two first downs, and then moments later connected with Hill for a game-clinching first down with 1:15 to go. This was the Buccaneers' first loss to the Chiefs since 1993.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: This would be a preview of Super Bowl LV, in which the Buccaneers would knock off the Chiefs this time, 31–9.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Coming off their bye week, and after dropping three of their previous four games, Tampa Bay defeated Minnesota 26–14 to improve to 8–5 and bolster their playoff hopes. Quarterback Tom Brady threw for 196 yards and two touchdown passes, but the stories of the day were the miscues and kicking woes by the Vikings. Kicker Dan Bailey missed three field goals and an extra point. Kirk Cousins was sacked six times and had two fumbles (one lost). Three critical defensive penalties on the Vikings also aided the Buccaneers.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The first quarter was dominated by the Vikings, as Dalvin Cook rushed for 78 yards and one touchdown in the first half alone. But the Vikings could not capitalize on the strong start. After Cook's touchdown run, Bailey missed the extra point. Then the next two Vikings drives ended with missed field goal attempts. Midway through the second quarter, Brady connected to Scotty Miller with a 48-yard touchdown bomb and a 7–6 Tampa Bay lead. With 44 seconds left in the half, a 1-yard touchdown run by Ronald Jones II gave Tampa Bay a 14–6 lead. The Vikings went three-and-out, and punted the ball back to Tampa Bay with 21 seconds to go. Brady's deep pass intended for Rob Gronkowski fell incomplete in the endzone as time expired, but the Vikings were called for Pass Interference. With one untimed play, Ryan Succop kicked a chip-shot field goal, and Tampa Bay led 17–6 at halftime.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: On the first drive of the third quarter, Brady and Gronkowski connected for a 2-yard touchdown pass, and a 23–6 lead. Late in the fourth quarter, with Tampa Bay leading 26–14, the Vikings were attempting to rally. On 4th down & 13 with 2:13 left in regulation, Jason Pierre-Paul sacked Kirk Cousins, and stripped the ball away for a turnover. The sack thwarted any chance of a comeback, and the Buccaneers ran out the clock to secure the victory.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Leonard Fournette was inactive (coach's decision) for the game, while Ronald Jones II rushed for 80 yards on 18 carries, including one touchdown.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The Atlanta Falcons jumped out to a 17–0 halftime lead, but Tampa Bay rallied in the second half for a 31–27 victory. Quarterback Tom Brady threw for 390 yards and two touchdown passes - nearly all of it in the second half, as the Buccaneers improved to 9–5 on the season and put themselves on the cusp of clinching a playoff berth.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Matt Ryan racked up 235 passing yards and two touchdown passes in the first half alone, while the Buccaneers were held to only 60 total yards of offense in the first half. Ryan would also pass the 50,000 career passing yards milestone. Brady was mostly ineffective, being sacked twice, and completing only ten passes for 70 yards. Running back Leonard Fournette was held to only three carries for 4 yards. Younghoe Koo kicked a 32-yard field goal with 18 seconds left in the first half, and the Falcons led 17–0 at the half.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The Buccaneers received the ball to start the third quarter, and Brady engineered a spirited comeback. He drove Tampa Bay 80 yards in 7 plays, highlighted by a 32-yard reception to Mike Evans all the way to the 1 yard line. Fournette would pound the ball in for a score on the next play. On their next drive, Brady and Evans connected twice with pivotal catches, which led to another touchdown. With the Falcons leading 24–14 in the closing minutes of the third quarter, the Atlanta defense was called for a double penalty ("Pass interference" and "Face mask") which advanced the Buccaneers to the 17-yard line. Fournette's second touchdown run made the score 24–21 in favor of the Falcons to start the fourth quarter.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The two teams traded field goals, and the Falcons clung to a 27–24 lead. A potential go-ahead touchdown pass from Ryan to Calvin Ridley was knocked away at the last second by Antoine Winfield Jr., then Devin White sacked Ryan for the first time of the game. With 6:19 left in regulation, Brady threw a 46-yard bomb to Antonio Brown for the go-ahead touchdown. It was Brown's first touchdown as a member of the Buccaneers. The Tampa Bay defense stiffened, and forced a three-and-out. With under three minutes left, the Falcons got the ball back, but were pinned at their own 12-yard line. White sacked Ryan for the third time, and two plays later, Atlanta turned the ball over on downs. The Buccaneers managed one first down, and ran out the clock to secure the victory.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay clinched a playoff berth for the first time since 2007 defeating Detroit on a record-setting day. The Buccaneers routed the Lions 47–7 at Ford Field on a Saturday afternoon game. The Lions were without multiple members of their coaching staff, due to COVID-19 protocols, and failed to score any points on offense. Quarterback Tom Brady threw for 348 yards and four touchdown passes for a perfect 158.3 passer rating, en route to a 34–0 halftime lead. Brady rested in the second half, and backup Blaine Gabbert took over in the third quarter. The Buccaneers won their third straight game off their bye week, and ended the regular season with a 6–2 road record, tied for the best in team history.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Mike Evans caught ten passes for 181 yards and two touchdowns to bring his season total to 960 yards, just shy of his 7th straight 1,000-yard receiving season. Evans would set an NFL record if he were to become the first player to have 1,000 yards receiving in his first seven seasons. Brady's four touchdown passes put him at 36 total for the year, a single-season franchise record. It was also Brady's 300th career regular season game. The Buccaneers offense had 410 net yards of offense in the first half, and 588 total yards in the game, both club records. The 34–0 halftime lead was the largest such in team history, and the 40-point winning margin was the second-largest in team history.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Trailing 40–0, the Lions finally got on the board midway through the third quarter with a 74-yard punt return touchdown by Jamal Agnew. Quarterback Matthew Stafford left the game early with an ankle injury, and backups David Blough and Chase Daniel combined for only 135 yards, 4 sacks, and 1 interception.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Rob Gronkowski scored on two touchdown passes, and Antonio Brown got his second touchdown reception with the Buccaneers. One day earlier on Christmas Day, New Orleans clinched the NFC South division title. Tampa Bay with the victory, secured a wild card berth, their first playoff appearance in thirteen seasons. It is also their first appearance as a wild card team since 2001.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Quarterback Tom Brady threw for 399 yards and four touchdown passes as Tampa Bay swept the Falcons on the season. The Buccaneers finished the regular season with a record of 11–5, their best finish since 2005, and secured the fifth seed in the NFC playoffs. Brady's four touchdown passes brought his season total to 40, a single-season franchise record.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: In the first quarter, Mike Evans made three receptions for 46 yards, to become the first player in NFL history to record 1,000+ receiving yards in his first seven seasons. However, on the play after setting the record, Evans was targeted in the endzone, where he slipped on the slick sod. He hyperextended his knee, and was out for the remainder of the game.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: With Tampa Bay leading 23–20 after three-quarters, the Buccaneers put the game out of reach in the fourth quarter. Ronald Jones II scored on a rushing touchdown, then Chris Godwin and Antonio Brown each caught their second respective touchdown passes of the game.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay racked up 507 yards of offense, 3 sacks, and 2 interceptions as they earned their first postseason victory since Super Bowl XXXVII in the 2002 season.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Buccaneers quarterback Tom Brady completed a 30-yard pass to Mike Evans and a 17-yard throw to Chris Godwin as he led the team to a 29-yard Ryan Succop field goal on the game's opening drive. Then after a punt from each team, Tampa Bay defensive back Sean Murphy-Bunting intercepted a pass from Taylor Heinicke on the Buccaneers 42-yard line. Tampa Bay then drove 58 yards in six plays to score on Brady's 36-yard touchdown pass to Antonio Brown, giving the team a 9–0 lead after Succop's extra point was blocked by Jeremy Reaves. But Heinicke stormed right back, starting the next drive with completions to Logan Thomas and Terry McLaurin for gains of 24 and 18 yards before J. D. McKissic finished it off with a 2-yard touchdown run, making the score 9–7 with 12:58 left in the second quarter.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Dustin Hopkins' short kickoff gave the Bucs a first down on their own 39-yard line. On the next play, Brown took a pitch on an end around and ran for a 22-yard gain. Three plays later, Brady threw a 27-yard touchdown pass to Godwin, giving the Bucs a 15–7 lead after their two-point conversion attempt failed. Then after a punt, Brady completed 3/5 passes for 65 yards on an 82-yard drive that ended with Succop's 23-yard field goal, giving Tampa Bay an 18–7 lead going into halftime.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Washington cut their deficit to 18–10 with the opening drive of the third quarter, converting Heinicke's 29-yard completion to Thomas into a 36-yard Hopkins field goal. Later in the period, Washington Defensive tackle Daron Payne forced a fumble from Ke'Shawn Vaughn that Jon Bostic recovered for the Football Team on their 39-yard line. Heinkicke then completed a 19-yard pass to Cam Sims and rushed for a 13-yard gain before taking the ball into the end zone himself on an 8-yard touchdown run, cutting the deficit to 18-16 after an unsuccessful 2-point try. Tampa Bay responded with a 9-play, 55-yard drive, the longest a 23-yard catch by tight end Cameron Brate. Succop finished it off with a 38-yard field goal, giving the Buccaneers a 21–16 lead with 13:38 left in the fourth quarter.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Following a Washington punt, Brady completed passes to Evans for gains of 20 and 19 yards, while Leonard Fournette rushed three times for 22 yards, the last carry a 3-yard touchdown run that put his team up 28–16. Heinicke stormed back, completing 8/10 passes for 71 yards and finishing the drive with an 11-yard touchdown completion to Steven Sims. With the score now 28-23 and 4:57 left on the clock, Brady completed a 35-yard pass to Evans and a 16-yard strike to Godwin, setting up Succop's 37-yard field goal at 3:37. Washington then drove across midfield, but after two incompletions and an 11-yard sack by Lavonte David, Heinicke's 4th down pass was incomplete, enabling Tampa Bay to run out the rest of the game clock.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Brady completed 22/40 passes for 381 yards and two touchdowns. Fournette rushed for 93 yards and a touchdown, while also catching 4 passes for 39 yards. Evans caught 6 passes for 119 yards. David had 8 solo tackles and 1 sack. In just his second NFL start, Heinicke completed 26/44 passes for 302 yards and a touchdown, with one interception. He was also Washington's leading rusher with 6 carries for 46 yards and a score. Sims had 7 receptions for 104 yards. Reaves blocked an extra point and had 9 solo tackles.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay forced four turnovers in a winning effort against a Saints team that had defeated them twice during the regular season. Buccaneers linebacker Devin White led the defensive effort with 10 tackles (1 for loss), 1 assist, a fumble recovery, and an interception.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: The Buccaneers had to punt on their opening drive, and Deonte Harris' 43-yard return gave New Orleans a first down on the Tampa 21-yard line, setting up Wil Lutz' 23-yard field goal to take a 3–0 lead. The next time Tampa Bay punted, Harris returned it for a touchdown, but an illegal block penalty negated the score. Still, the team managed to drive 36 yards to a 6–0 lead on Lutz' 44-yard kick. The Bucs responded by moving the ball 65 yards in 15 plays to score on Ryan Succop's 26-yard field goal with 13 minutes left in the second quarter.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: On the Saints next drive, defensive back Sean Murphy-Bunting intercepted a pass from Drew Brees and returned it 36 yards to the New Orleans 3-yard line, setting up Tom Brady's 3-yard scoring pass to Mike Evans that gave Tampa Bay a 10–6 lead. New Orleans took the ball back and drove to their 44. On the next play, running back Alvin Kamara took a snap out of wildcat formation and gave the ball to receiver Emmanuel Sanders, who then pitched the ball to backup quarterback Jameis Winston. Winston then threw the ball to Tre'Quan Smith for a 56-yard touchdown, putting the Saints back in the lead at 13–10. Following a punt from each team, the Buccaneers drove 68 yards to tie the score 13–13 with Succop's 37-yard field goal on the last play of the half.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: New Orleans opened the third quarter with a 10-play 75-yard drive, with Kamara rushing 4 times for 32 yards and catching a pass for 7. Brees finished the possession with a 16-yard touchdown pass to Smith, giving the Saints a 20–13 lead. The Saints defense then forced a punt, but on their next drive, safety Antoine Winfield Jr. forced a fumble from Jared Cook that White recovered and returned 18 yards to the Saints 40. Brady started the ensuing possession with a 19-yard pass to tight end Cameron Brate, and finished it with a 6-yard touchdown completion to running back Leonard Fournette, tying the game at 20. After a Saints punt, Brady's completions to Tyler Johnson and Scotty Miller for gains of 15 and 29-yard yards set up Succop's 37-yard field goal, giving Tampa Bay a 23–20 lead with 9:57 left in the game.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: White put an end to New Orleans' next drive, intercepting Brees and returning the ball 28 yards to the Saints 20-yard line. Three plays later, Brady scored on a 1-yard sneak that increased the Bucs lead to 30–20 with 4:57 left on the clock. Then Brees was picked off for a third time, this one by safety Mike Edwards, allowing Tampa Bay to run out the clock.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Brady completed 18 of 33 passes for 199 yards and two touchdowns, and scored a rushing touchdown as he advanced to his 14th conference championship game in 21 seasons. Brees was held to just 19/34 completions for 134 yards and a touchdown, while being intercepted three times. Kamara was the top rusher of the game with 18 carries for 85 yards, while also catching 3 passes for 20 yards. Michael Thomas caught 0 passes on four targets, and Mike Edwards caught two interceptions.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Despite giving up more yards and losing more turnovers than Green Bay, Tampa still managed to earn their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history. With the win, the Buccaneers became the first NFL team in history to play a Super Bowl in their home stadium.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay took the opening kickoff and drove 66 yards on a drive that featured three third down conversions. First, Tom Brady converted a 3rd and 4 with a 27-yard pass to Mike Evans. Then on 3rd and 9, he threw a 14-yard completion to Chris Godwin. Finally, Brady finished the possession with a 15-yard touchdown pass to Evans on 3rd and 7, giving the Buccaneers a 7–0 lead. Following a punt from each team, Green Bay tied the score 7–7 on a 90-yard drive in which Aaron Rodgers converted a 3rd and 15 with a 23-yard pass to Allen Lazard before throwing a 50-yard touchdown completion to Marquez Valdes-Scantling. Tampa Bay took the ball back, and made another big 3rd down conversion with Brady's 52-yard pass to Godwin on 3rd and 9. On the next play, Leonard Fournette's 20-yard touchdown run made the score 14–7 with 12:30 left in the second quarter.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Green Bay responded by driving 69 yards in 15 plays to cut the score to 14–10 with Mason Crosby's 24-yard field goal. Their defense then forced a punt, but on the Packers next drive, Sean Murphy-Bunting intercepted a pass from Rodgers on the Bucs 49-yard line with 27 seconds left in the half. Tampa Bay then drove to a 4th and 4 on the Packers 45, managing to convert it with a 6-yard catch by Fournette. Now with the ball on the 39 and 8 seconds remaining, Tampa Bay decided against kicking a long field goal, a choice that paid off as Brady threw a 39-yard touchdown pass to Scotty Miller, ending the half with the Buccaneers ahead 21–10. In the first half alone, Brady completed 13 of 22 passes for 202 yards and two touchdowns.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Two plays into the third quarter, safety Jordan Whitehead forced a fumble from Packers running back Aaron Jones. Devin White recovered it for Tampa Bay and returned it 21 yards to the Green Bay 8-yard line. On the next play, Tampa Bay fooled the Packers defense with a play-action pass, with Brady faking a handoff in the backfield before throwing the ball to tight end Cameron Brate for a touchdown and a 28–10 lead. Green Bay stormed right back, with Rodgers completing 5 of 6 passes for 68 yards and finishing the drive with an 8-yard touchdown throw to tight end Robert Tonyan, making the score 28–17. Then safety Adrian Amos intercepted a pass from Brady on the Packers 32-yard line, sparking a 13-play, 68-yard drive that ended with Rodgers'; 2-yard touchdown completion to Davante Adams with 17 seconds left in the period. This cut the deficit to 28–23 after receiver Equanimeous St. Brown dropped Rodgers' pass on a 2-point conversion attempt.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay then drove to the Packers 28-yard line, only to lose the ball again when Brady threw an interception to cornerback Jaire Alexander. Green Bay could not get a first down and had to punt after Shaquil Barrett sacked Rodgers for a 10-yard loss on 3rd and 5. Then Brady was picked off for the third time, throwing another interception to Alexander. Green Bay's next possession fared no better than their last, with Rodgers again being sacked by Barrett and the team again going three-and-out. Tampa Bay took the ball back on their own 28, and went on to drive 44 yards in 8 plays, the longest a 29-yard gain on a screen pass from Brady to Rob Gronkowski. On the last play, Ryan Succop's 46-yard field goal gave the Bucs a 31–23 lead with 4:47 left in the game.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Green Bay then drove to a first and goal from the Buccaneers 8-yard line. After two incompletions, Rodgers appeared to have room to run toward the end zone, but he chose to throw the ball to a well covered Adams, which resulted in another incompletion. Then in a choice that later earned him heavy criticism, coach Matt LaFleur decided not to attempt a tying touchdown on 4th and goal from the 8 with 2:09 left on the clock, instead electing to have Crosby kick a field goal that cut his team's deficit to 5 points, 31–26. This did not pay off as Tampa Bay went on to run out the rest of the clock with three first downs. The Bucs started their ensuing drive with a 9-yard pass from Brady to Evans as the clock ran down to the 2-minute warning. Then Green Bay decided to give the Bucs a first down rather than lose a timeout on a 2nd and 1 play, so they deliberately committed an encroachment penalty. Two plays later on 3rd and 4, defensive back Kevin King was flagged for pass interference while trying to cover Tyler Johnson, giving the Bucs another first down. Tampa Bay went on to clinch the game with Godwin's 6-yard run on third and 5.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Brady completed 20 of 36 passes for 280 yards and three touchdowns, with three interceptions, as he advanced to his 10th Super Bowl in 21 seasons. Godwin was his top target with 5 receptions for 110 yards. White had 9 tackles, 6 assists, and a fumble recovery. Barrett had 3 sacks, while his fellow defensive lineman Jason Pierre-Paul had 2. Rodgers completed 33 of 48 passes for 346 yards and 3 touchdowns, with one interception, as he lost his second consecutive conference championship game and fell to 1–4 overall in Conference title games over his 16 seasons. Valdes-Scantling caught 4 passes for 115 yards and a score. Nose Tackle Kenny Clark had 6 tackles (1 for loss), 2 assists, and a sack.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: With a strong defensive performance and a balanced offense, the Buccaneers easily defeated the defending Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs 31–9 in a rematch of Week 12 from the regular season. This was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' first Super Bowl appearance since Super Bowl XXXVII. They made history by becoming the first team to host the Super Bowl in their own stadium. The Buccaneers had led the all-time series between the two clubs at 7–6, and also hold a 3–1 edge in games played at Raymond James Stadium. The Buccaneers were the designated home team, due to being the NFC representative this season, but elected to wear their road white uniforms rather than home red uniforms.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Tampa Bay received the opening kickoff and returned it to their own 23-yard line but were unable to gain a 1st down and were forced to punt. Kansas City proceeded to move the ball near midfield but after an incompletion were forced to punt as well. Tampa Bay proceeded to stall on their ensuing drive following a sack by Frank Clark, and on Kansas City's next drive they were able to move the ball into Tampa's territory. However, following an incompletion from Patrick Mahomes to Tyreek Hill on 3rd and long the Chiefs were forced to settle for a 49-yard field goal by Harrison Butker to score the first points of the game and gain a 3–0 lead, this would be Kansas City's only lead of the game. On Tampa's ensuing drive the Buccaneers took the ball 70 yards on 8 plays, culminating in an 8-yard touchdown pass from Tom Brady to Rob Gronkowski. Following a successful point after try the Buccaneers would end the 1st quarter up 7–3.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: During Tampa Bay's 1st possession of the 2nd quarter they were able to move the ball into Kansas City's red zone following a 31-yard pass completion from Brady to Mike Evans to set up 1st and goal, however despite 4 attempts for a score the Kansas City defense was able to force a turnover on downs on 4th down after preventing Ronald Jones from reaching the goal line. After stalling out in their next possession a holding penalty against Kansas City canceled out a 56-yard punt which would have set up the Buccaneers to start at their own 30-yard line, and on the ensuing retry Tommy Townsend shanked the punt, sending it only 29 yards which resulted in Tampa Bay being able to start at the Kansas City 38-yard line. On the following drive critical penalties extended Tampa Bay's possession, a holding penalty on Charvarius Ward negated what would have been an interception by Tyrann Mathieu and an offside penalty during a field goal attempt provided Tampa Bay with a new set on downs. On the following play Brady once again found Gronkowski in the end zone for a 17-yard touchdown, which after a successful point after try gave Tampa a 14–3 lead. During Kansas City's next drive multiple long completions from Mahomes to Travis Kelce helped bring the Chiefs into Tampa Bay's red zone for the first time in the game, but they were forced to settle for a 34-yard field goal by Butker to bring the score to 14–6. During Tampa Bay's next drive multiple penalties on Kansas City's defense moved the Buccaneers deep into the Chiefs' territory, most notably a defensive pass interference penalty by Bashaud Breeland resulting in a gain of 34 yards and a defensive pass interference on Mathieu in the end zone which gave the Buccaneers 1st and goal at the 1-yard line. Brady would then find Antonio Brown for a 1-yard touchdown pass which after a successful point after try gave Tampa Bay a 21–6 lead at halftime.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Kansas City received the ball to begin the 3rd quarter, and following long runs by Clyde Edwards-Helaire and a completion from Mahomes to Kelce the Chiefs were able to move into Tampa Bay's territory once again. However, they were forced to settle for a 52-yard field goal by Butker to bring the score to 21–9. On Tampa Bay's ensuing drive the Buccaneers were able to bring the ball into Chiefs' territory following a 25-yard completion from Brady to Gronkowski, and on the next play Leonard Fournette scored a 27-yard touchdown run which following a successful point after try gave the Buccaneers a 28–9 lead. On the Chiefs' next drive a deflection by Mike Edwards led to an interception by Antoine Winfield Jr. to give the Buccaneers' offense starting field position at the Kansas City 45-yard line. As the Buccaneers were driving a botched snap on 3rd down forced them to settle for a 52-yard field goal by Ryan Succop to extend their lead to 31–9. On Kansas City's following drive long completions from Mahomes to Hill, Kelce, and Sammy Watkins were able to take the Chiefs deep into Tampa Bay territory but the Chiefs were unable to score following an incompletion by Mahomes to Darrel Williams on 4th down which resulted in a turnover on downs.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: In the 4th quarter the Buccaneers were ultimately forced to punt at midfield, and on the Chiefs' ensuing drive long completions from Mahomes to Kelce and Hill as well as a roughing the passer penalty on Ndamukong Suh were able to once again bring them deep into Tampa Bay territory, however Tampa Bay's defense was able to hold and force another turnover on downs on 4th down. Following a punt on a quickly stalled drive by the Buccaneers, the Chiefs were again able to move into the Buccaneers' territory following long completions from Mahomes to Kelce, Edwards-Helaire, and Demarcus Robinson but once again Tampa Bay's defense held firm and forced another takeaway as Devin White intercepted the ball at the goal line. Brady and the Buccaneers would then kneel the ball on the following drive to end the game and give Tampa their 2nd Super Bowl title in franchise history.


title: 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: Brady completed 21 of 29 passes for 201 yards and 3 touchdowns, as he extended his own record for Super Bowl victories with his 7th as well as his own record for Super Bowl MVP awards with his 5th. As a result of this win Brady would tie Otto Graham for the most championships by a player in the history of professional football with his 7th, as well as join Peyton Manning as the only QBs to win a Super Bowl with 2 different franchises. Brady also became the first professional athlete in any of the 4 major American sports to win a championship with 2 different teams after turning 40, as well as the first player in NFL history to defeat 3 former Super Bowl MVPs in the same postseason (Mahomes, Drew Brees, and Aaron Rodgers) and the first player in NFL history to win a championship in 3 different decades. Gronkowski would be his top target for the game, as he recorded 6 catches for 67 yards and 2 touchdowns. With Gronkowski's 2nd touchdown reception he and Brady broke the record for the most touchdowns from a QB to a pass catcher in postseason history with their 14th together, the record previously being held by Joe Montana and Jerry Rice with 13. Fournette would finish with 16 carries for 89 yards and a touchdown to go along with 4 receptions for 46 yards while Jones would add an additional 61 yards on 12 carries as well. Fournette would also join Terrell Davis and Larry Fitzgerald as the only players in NFL history to score 1+ scrimmage TDs in 4 games of a single postseason. White would finish with a team leading 12 tackles as well as 1 pass deflection and 1 interception, Winfield Jr. would also record an interception to go along with 6 tackles and 2 pass deflections. Suh would finish with a team leading 1.5 sacks while Shaquil Barrett would also gain 1 sack and Cam Gill would record half of a sack. Ryan Succop would make all 5 of his kicks in the game. Mahomes completed 26 of 49 passes for 270 yards, no touchdowns, and 2 interceptions. This would be the first time since becoming a starter that an offense led by Mahomes would not be able to score a touchdown in a game as well as the first time Mahomes has lost a game by double digit points since college. Kelce would be his top target with 10 receptions for 133 yards. Edwards-Helaire would be their top rusher with 9 carries for 64 yards as well as having 2 receptions for 23 yards. Damien Wilson would be their top tackler with 10 total tackles, and Clark would have 4 tackles and 1 sack. Butker made all 3 of his kicks in the game.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The Native American name controversy is an ongoing discussion about the changing terminology used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas to describe themselves, as well as how they prefer to be referred to by others. Preferred terms vary primarily by region and age. As Indigenous peoples and communities are diverse, there is no consensus on naming. Historically, until late in the 20th century, most Indigenous people in the Americas were collectively called "Indians". The distinct people in the Arctic were called "Eskimos". Both terms have declined in usage in formal speech.


title: Native American name controversy

text: When discussing broad groups of peoples, naming may be based on shared language, region, or historical relationship, such as "Algonquin-speaking peoples", "Pueblo-dwelling peoples", "Plains Indians", or "LDN peoples" (Lakota, Dakota and Nakota peoples).


title: Native American name controversy

text: Many English exonyms have been used to refer to the Indigenous peoples of the Americas (also known as the New World), who were resident within their own territories when European colonists arrived in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some of these names were based on French, Spanish, or other European language terminology used by earlier explorers and colonists, many of which were derived from the names that tribes called each other; some resulted from the colonists' attempt to translate endonyms from the native language into their own, or to transliterate by sound. In addition, some names or terms were pejorative, arising from prejudice and fear, during periods of conflict (such as the American Indian Wars) between the cultures involved.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In the 20th and 21st centuries, there has been greater awareness among non-Indigenous peoples that Indigenous peoples in the Americas have been active in discussions of how they wish to be known. Indigenous people have pressed for the elimination of terms they consider to be obsolete, inaccurate, or racist. During the latter half of the 20th century and the rise of the Red Power movement, the United States government responded by proposing the use of the term "Native American" to recognize the primacy of Indigenous peoples' tenure in the country. The term has become widespread nationally but only partially accepted by various Indigenous groups. Other naming conventions have been proposed and used, but none is accepted by all Indigenous groups. Typically, each name has a particular audience and political or cultural connotation, and regional usage varies.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In Canada, the term "First Nations" is generally used for peoples covered by the Indian Act, and "Indigenous peoples" used for native peoples more generally, including Inuit and Métis, who do not fall under the "First Nations" category. Status Indian remains a legal designation because of the Indian Act.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Europeans at the time of Christopher Columbus's voyage often referred to all of South and East Asia as "India" or "the Indias/Indies", sometimes dividing the area into "Greater India", "Middle India", and "Lesser India". The oldest surviving terrestrial globe, by Martin Behaim in 1492 (before Columbus' voyage), labels the entire Asian subcontinent region as "India", named ultimately after the Indus River.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Columbus carried a passport in Latin from the Spanish monarchs that dispatched him "ad partes Indie" ("toward the regions of India") on their behalf. When he landed in the Antilles, Columbus referred to the resident peoples he encountered there as "Indians", reflecting his purported belief that he had reached the Indian Ocean. The name was adopted by other Spanish and ultimately other Europeans; for centuries the Indigenous peoples of the Americas were collectively called "Indians" in various European languages. This misnomer was perpetuated in place naming; the islands of the Caribbean were named, and are still known as, the West Indies.


title: Native American name controversy

text: As European colonists began to settle in the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries, and have more sustained contact with the resident peoples, they understood that the residents were not a homogeneous group sharing a unified culture and government, but discrete societies with their own distinct languages and social systems. Early historical accounts show that some colonists, including Jesuit missionaries in New France, attempted to learn and record the autonyms of these individual groups, but the use of the general term "Indian" persisted.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded in the United States. In 1977, a delegation from the International Indian Treaty Council, an arm of AIM, elected to collectively identify as "American Indian", at the United Nations Conference on Indians in the Americas in Geneva, Switzerland. Some activists and public figures of Indigenous descent, such as Russell Means, prefer "American Indian" to the more recently adopted "Native American".


title: Native American name controversy

text: In the late 20th century, some American public figures suggested that the origin of the term was not from a confusion with India, but from the Spanish expression "En Dios", meaning "in God", or a similar one in Italian. Proponents of this idea include comedian George Carlin.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Muscogee writer Bear Heart ("Nokus Feke Ematha Tustanaki") wrote in "The Wind Is My Mother" (1998): "When Columbus found the natives here, they were gentle people who accepted him, so Columbus wrote in his journal, 'These are people of God' ("una gente en Dios"). Later the 's' was dropped and "Indio" became "Indian"." But, David Wilton notes in "Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends" that this phrase does not appear in any of Columbus' writing. Wilton also says that many European languages since Greek and Roman times used variations of the term "Indian" to describe the peoples of the Indian subcontinent, more than a millennium before the voyages of Columbus.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Objections to the usage of "Indian" and "American Indian" include the fact that "Indian" arose from a historical error, and does not accurately reflect the origin of the people to whom it refers. In addition, some feel that the term has so absorbed negative and demeaning connotations through its historical usage as to render it objectionable in context. Additionally, "American Indian" is often understood to mean only the peoples of the mainland body of the United States, which excludes other peoples considered Indigenous peoples of the Americas; including the Haida, Tlingit, Athabascan, Inuit, Yup'ik (Yuits/Alutiiq/Cup'ik), Iñupiat, Aleut (i.e., the groups whose traditional languages are Eskimo–Aleut languages), Marshallese, and Samoan. Related groups among these tribal peoples are referred to collectively as either Alaskan Natives (based on geography), First Nations (in Canada), Native Hawaiians, or Siberians.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Supporters of the terms "Indian" and "American Indian" argue that they have been in use for such a long period of time that many people have become accustomed to them and no longer consider them exonyms. Both terms are still widely used today. "American Indian" appears often in treaties between the United States and the Indigenous peoples with whom they have been negotiating since the colonial period, and many federal, state and local laws also use it. "American Indian" is the term used in the United States Census.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The "Oxford English Dictionary" cites usage of the uncapitalized term "native American" in several publications dating to 1737, but it is unclear whether these texts refer to Indigenous peoples, or simply to persons born on American soil. During the 1850s, a group of Anglo-Saxon Protestant Americans used the capitalized term "Native Americans" to differentiate themselves from recent Irish and German immigrants, both of which groups were predominantly Catholic. The group later formed the "Know-Nothings", a 19th-century political party that opposed immigration to the United States, a policy known as nativism. The Know-Nothings also called themselves the "Native American Party" and were referred to in the press with the capitalized term.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In 1918, leaders of the Indigenous Peyote Religion incorporated as the Native American Church of Oklahoma. In 1956, British writer Aldous Huxley wrote to thank a correspondent for "your most interesting letter about the Native American churchmen".


title: Native American name controversy

text: The use of "Native American" or "native American" to refer to Indigenous peoples who live in the Americas came into widespread, common use during the civil rights era of the 1960s and 1970s. This term was considered to represent historical fact more accurately (i.e., "Native" cultures predated European colonization). In addition, activists also believed it was free of negative historical connotations that had come to be associated with previous terms.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Between 1982 and 1993, most American manuals of style came to agree that "color terms" referring to ethnic groups, such as Black, should be capitalized as proper names, as well as "Native American".


title: Native American name controversy

text: Other objections to "Native American"—whether capitalized or not—include a concern that it is often understood to exclude American groups outside the contiguous US (e.g., Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico), and Indigenous groups in South America, Mexico and Canada. The word "American" is sometimes questioned because the peoples referred to resided in the Americas before they were so named.


title: Native American name controversy

text: As of 1995, according to the US Census Bureau, 50% of people who identified as Indigenous preferred the term "American Indian", 37% preferred "Native American", and the remainder preferred other terms or had no preference.


title: Native American name controversy

text: According to "The American Heritage Dictionary", ""Indigenous" specifies that something or someone is native rather than coming or being brought in from elsewhere: an indigenous crop; the Ainu, a people indigenous to the northernmost islands of Japan."


title: Native American name controversy

text: The United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development used the term "Indigenous peoples" for the first time in its official political declaration in 2002. Prior to this date, the term was considered to be "still under debate" for usage in official UN documents.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The English adjective "aboriginal" and the noun "aborigine" come from a Latin phrase meaning "from the origin;" the ancient Romans used it to refer to a contemporary group, one of many ancient peoples in Italy. Until about 1910, these terms were used in English to refer to various Indigenous peoples. Today throughout most of the English-speaking world, it is most commonly understood to refer to the Indigenous Australians, with the notable exception of Canada, where the term "aboriginal" (but not aborigine) came into use in the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982.


title: Native American name controversy

text: "Alaska Native" refers to the Indigenous peoples in Alaska, including the Aleut, Athabascan, Alutiiq, Cup'ik, Haida, Inuit, Iñupiat, Tlingit and Yup'ik peoples. The term predominates because of its legal use in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, and includes all the above-named peoples, who are from different cultures and language families.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The term "Eskimo" was once common, but it is now perceived as derogatory and is being replaced in common use with "Inuit" or individual groups' own names for themselves.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In addition to being a name imposed from outside rather than an Inuit term, one reason that "Eskimo" is considered derogatory is the widespread, but incorrect, perception that in Algonkian languages, spoken by some competitive historic tribes of present-day Canada and US, it means "eaters of raw meat".


title: Native American name controversy

text: The Inuit Circumpolar Conference meeting in Barrow, Alaska (now Utqiaġvik) in 1977 officially adopted "Inuit" as a designation for the circumpolar Indigenous groups of the USA, Canada, Greenland, and Russia.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The term "Amerind"/"Amerindian" is a portmanteau of "American Indian". It was coined in 1902 by the American Anthropological Association, but from its creation has been controversial. It was immediately rejected by some leading members of the Association, and while adopted by many it was never universally accepted. Usage in English occurs primarily in anthropological and linguistic contexts, rather than Native American ones; it also finds some use in news outlets in describing the Taíno People of Puerto Rico. The term "Amerind" has official status in Guyana.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The Canadian Indian Act, first passed in 1876, in defining the rights of people of recognized First Nations, refers to them as "Indians". The responsible federal government department was the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, now Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, headed by the Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs. The Act officially recognizes people commonly known as "Status Indians", although "Registered Indian" is the official term for those on the Indian Register. Lands set aside for the use of First Nations are officially known as Indian reserves (abbreviated IR on maps, etc.). The word "band" is used in band government. Some First Nations communities also use "Indian Band" in their official names.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In Canada, the term "Aboriginal peoples in Canada" is used for all Indigenous peoples within the country, including the Inuit and First Nations, as well as the Métis. More recently, the term Indigenous peoples has been used more frequently and in 2015 the federal government department responsible for First Nations, Metis, and Inuit issues changed its name from Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada to Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada.


title: Native American name controversy

text: "First Nations" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term "Indian band". Elder Sol Sanderson says that he coined the term in the early 1980s. Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word “Indian”, which some people considered offensive. Apparently, no legal definition of the term exists. However, the Assembly of First Nations, the national advocacy group for First Nations peoples, adopted the term in 1985. The singular commonly used is "First Nations person" (when gender-specific, "First Nations man" or "First Nations woman").


title: Native American name controversy

text: "First Peoples" is a broad term that includes First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. Owing to its similarity to the term "First Nations", the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.


title: Native American name controversy

text: "Native" or "Native Canadian" is an ambiguous term, but people frequently use it in conversation or informal writing. A majority use this term for describing Indigenous peoples, including some Indigenous people themselves. This is considered to be quite offensive as Indigenous peoples living in Canada existed prior to colonization and some do not view themselves as Canadians.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In Canadian French, the terms are "première(s) nation(s)" for "First Nations" and "autochtone" for "Aboriginal" (used both as a noun and adjective).


title: Native American name controversy

text: The term "indien" or "indienne" has historically been used in the legislation, notably in the "Loi sur les Indiens" (The Indian Act), but it is unacceptable outside of this specific context. First Nations in Québec have also called for the term "amérindien" to be discontinued, in favour of "autochtone". The word "amérindien" contains the word "indien" (Indian) and since they are not Indians, the word is no longer favored and it has, for example, been removed from some elementary school textbooks. The term "indigène" is not used as it is seen as having negative connotations because of its similarity to the French "indigent" ("poor"). It has also acquired further negative associations in French, owing to the "indigénat" code enforced in French colonial Africa, 1887–1947. The old French term "" ("wild, savage") is no longer used either, as it is considered racist.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The people of the Canadian Arctic are currently officially known as the Inuit, which means 'the people', or singularly, "Inuk," which means 'the person,' as a result of the 1977 Inuit Circumpolar Conference. Canada's Constitution Act, 1982, uses "Inuit," as does the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the national organization that represents the Inuit in Canada"." The preferred term in Canada's Central Arctic is "Inuinnaq", and in the eastern Canadian Arctic "Inuit". The language is often called "Inuktitut", though other local designations are also used.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The Algonquin autonym "Anishinaabe" (also "Anishinabe", "Anicinape") is used as a cross-tribal term in Algonquian-majority areas, such as Anishnabe Health, Anishnabe Education, and Training Circle. The term is also used among historically Anishinaabe peoples in the Upper Midwest region of the United States.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The Chinook Jargon, the old trade language of the Pacific Northwest, uses "siwash" (an adaptation of the French "") for "Indian", "Native American", or "First Nations", either as adjective or noun. While normally meaning a male native, it is used in certain combinations, such as "siwash cosho" ("a seal", literally "Indian pig" or "Indian pork").


title: Native American name controversy

text: Many native communities perceive the terms "" and "siwash" negatively, but others use it freely. They consider use by non-natives to be derogatory. In the creolized form of Chinook Jargon spoken at the Grand Ronde Agency in Oregon, a distinction is made between "siwash" and "sawash". The accent in the latter is on the second syllable, resembling the French original, and is used in Grand Ronde Jargon meaning "anything native or Indian"; by contrast, they consider "siwash" to be defamatory.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The Chinook Jargon term for a native woman is "klootchman", an originally Nootka word adopted in regional English to mean a native woman or, as in the Jargon, all women and also anything female. It originated as a compound of Nootka "łūts" 'female' with the English suffix "-man". "Hyas klootchman tyee" means "queen", "klootchman cosho", "sow"; and "klootchman tenas" or "tenas klootchman" means "girl" or "little girl". Generally "klootchman" in regional English simply means a native woman and has not acquired the derisive sense of "siwash" or "squaw". The short form "klootch"—encountered only in English-Chinook hybrid phrasings—is always derisive, especially in forms such as "blue-eyed klootch".


title: Native American name controversy

text: In Mexico, the preferred expression used by both the Government and the media is "Indigenous peoples" ( in Spanish).


title: Native American name controversy

text: In South America, the preferred expression for the population is also Indigenous peoples ( and in Spanish, and in Portuguese). In Spanish Latin America, "Indians" () is increasingly no longer used – today, to refer to Indigenous people from a rural area, one would most likely say or .


title: Native American name controversy

text: In Brazil the most usual expression is by far , with sounding a little more formal; the Portuguese demonym for the country of India is . is still in common use, including among people of Indigenous identity. In Mexico, Brazil, and several other countries, these names are normally applied only to the ethnic groups that have maintained their identity and, to some extent, their original way of life.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In most of Latin America there are also large segments of the population with mixed Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestry, who are largely integrated into mainstream society, and by and large no longer identify themselves with their Indigenous ancestral groups unless they coexist with their ancestral Indigenous nation. Names for such groups include , and in Spanish, for people with European and Native, African and Native or European and African admixed ancestry respectively, besides for people who are over three-quarters European and around one-fourth Native in ancestry, and (current) or (dated), , , /and in Portuguese, for people of European and Native, Native and African, European, Native and African, East Asian (especially the Japanese) and European with the latter being mostly European and African (with fair hair and skin, but black facial features and/or hair texture) admixed ancestry, respectively, with the first three necessarily involving a degree of Indigenous ancestry. and might have some level of Native ancestry. is sometimes replaced by another Japanese derived term known as (meaning "half") or , the latter term involving people of European and Asian mixed ancestry, particularly East Asian.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In some Spanish-speaking countries, there are also Ladinos who do not have significant European ancestry, but have adopted the culture of the dominant non-Indigenous population. In Brazil, however, assimilated Indigenous people are called (itself a subset of pardos, or brown people), the same term used for people of European and Amerindian ancestry who do not have at the same time a white-passing phenotype and a mainstream Brazilian cultural identity – which also means that are not necessarily (Portuguese for "mixed-race" in general).


title: Native American name controversy

text: During the late 20th century the term "Indigenous peoples" evolved into a political term that refers to ethnic groups with historical ties to groups that existed in a territory prior to colonization or formation of a nation state. The "I" is always capitalized as it is in references to a group of people. In the Americas, the term "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" was adopted, and the term is tailored to specific geographic or political regions, such as "Indigenous peoples of Panama". "'Indigenous peoples' ... is a term that internationalizes the experiences, the issues and the struggles of some of the world's colonized peoples", writes Māori educator Linda Tuhiwai Smith. "The final 's' in 'Indigenous peoples' ... [is] a way of recognizing that there are real differences between different Indigenous peoples."


title: Native American name controversy

text: Another, less commonly used term is in reference to the continent: Turtle Island. Though officially named North America, a number of histories from various Turtle Island countries make reference to the continent existing atop a turtle's back. Though not present across all nations and countries, this symbolism and icon has spread to become nearly pan-Indigenous. As Europeans, Asians and Africans have terms that allude to their home continents, "Turtle Islander" is an attempt to do just that.


title: Native American name controversy

text: In most situations, such as among non-Natives, the term "Indian princess" is considered demeaning to Native American women. Native Americans have never had a European concept of royalty, so the title of "princess" is not a part of any traditional Native culture. Non-Natives dressing up in costumes that are supposed to resemble Native American regalia, such as in a Halloween "Indian Princess" costume, or in other ways playing Indian, is generally considered offensive, racist, and a form of cultural appropriation.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Among some Native Americans, there is also an in-group usage among some powwow organizations, colleges, and other Indigenous groups who hold pageants and scholarship competitions, who may use the term "Princess" as a component in the titles they award. Generally, these events are for recognizing cultural skills and community leadership. However, there are also calls from participants to stop using the term "Princess" for these titles, due to the negative stereotypes and the discomfort the nomenclature can cause when interacting with non-Natives, and to replace the term with "more culturally relevant and accurate nomenclature."


title: Native American name controversy

text: "Injun" is an originally 17th century mispronunciation of "Indian", generally considered offensive today, used to mock or impersonate Native Americans' or early settlers' supposed heavily accented English (e.g., "Honest Injun", "Injun time"). The word and related terms have been defined as derogatory by Indigenous peoples and are not widely used.


title: Native American name controversy

text: Some Europeans have historically called Native Americans "Red Indians". The term was largely used in the 18th and 19th centuries, partially based on the color metaphors for race which colonists and settlers historically used in North America and Europe, and also to distinguish Native Americans from the Indian people of India.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The term "Red Indians" was also more specifically used by Europeans to refer to the Beothuk, a people living on Newfoundland who used red ochre in spring to paint not only their bodies, but also their houses, canoes, weapons, household appliances and musical instruments.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The term "Redskins" is now generally seen, by Native Americans in particular, as pejorative and often highly offensive, as it is the term that was used for body parts used as "proof of kill" when Native Americans were hunted for bounty by colonists on the frontier. There was an American National Football League team named the Washington Redskins until 2020, and "Redskin" is the name of the mascot at the Red Mesa High School on the Navajo Reservation in Teec Nos Pos, Arizona. Native Americans have been protesting against the use of these names by non-Natives since the 1970s.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) maintains that names like Redskins perpetuate negative stereotypes of Native Americans, "Often citing a long held myth by non-Native people that 'Indian' mascots 'honor Native people', American sports businesses such as the NFL's Washington 'Redskins'... continue to profit from harmful stereotypes originated during a time when white superiority and segregation were commonplace."


title: Native American name controversy

text: Anthropologists once used "savage" as a blanket term to refer to Indigenous peoples worldwide (for example, Bronisław Malinowski titled his 1929 study "The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia"). At the beginning of the nineteenth century, representatives of the relatively new United States government often used the term in official records when referring to Indian nations (e.g., Justice Baldwin's concurring opinion in "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia"). This was related to their association of non-Christian people as savages. Early anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan posited in "Ancient Society" (1877) a three-part evolution of societies from, in his terms, savagery through barbarism to civilization.


title: Native American name controversy

text: European Christians once broadly used the word "heathens" to refer to Native Americans, a pejorative Christian term that refers to people who do not worship the Christian god.


title: Native American name controversy

text: The English word "squaw", when used to refer to Indigenous women, is considered highly offensive, derogatory, misogynist and racist. Although there has been some controversy on the topic, it is almost always grouped with other words that carry a colonial implication of exotic inferiority based on race, such as "negress". There is a movement to remove the name "squaw" from geographic place names across the United States. There is a minority counter-movement among a small number of academics to "reclaim" what they claim is the possible original meaning of the word, as an in-group term, which could still be offensive if used outside of that speech community. But even this usage would only be relevant to the original, Algonquian-language phonemes of the word — the small parts that make up larger, historical forms — not the English form currently used as a slur. Any effort at "reclamation" would not apply to the much larger Native American community of women who are affected by this slur, as Algonquian-speakers make up only a small minority of those affected by it.


title: Scarlet (color)

text: Scarlet is a bright red color, sometimes with a slightly orange tinge. In the spectrum of visible light, and on the traditional color wheel, it is one-quarter of the way between red and orange, slightly less orange than vermilion.


title: Scarlet (color)

text: According to surveys in Europe and the United States, scarlet and other bright shades of red are the colors most associated with courage, force, passion, heat, and joy. In the Roman Catholic Church, scarlet is the color worn by a cardinal, and is associated with the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs, and with sacrifice.


title: Scarlet (color)

text: Scarlet is also associated with immorality and sin, particularly prostitution or adultery, largely because of a passage referring to "The Great Harlot", "dressed in purple and scarlet", in the Bible (Revelation 17:1–6).


title: Scarlet (color)

text: The word comes from the Middle English "scarlat", from the Old French escarlate, from the Latin "scarlatum",


title: Scarlet (color)

text: from the Persian "saqerlât". The term scarlet was also used in the Middle Ages for a type of cloth that was often bright red. An early recorded use of "scarlet" as a color name in the English language dates to 1250.


title: Scarlet (color)

text: Scarlet has been a color of power, wealth and luxury since ancient times. Scarlet dyes were first mentioned in 8th century BC, under the name Armenian Red, and they were described in Persian and Assyrian writings. The color was exported from Persia to Rome. During the Roman Empire, it was second in prestige only to the purple worn by the Emperors. Roman officers wore scarlet cloaks called "paludamenta", and persons of high rank were referred to as the "coccinati", the people of red.


title: Scarlet (color)

text: The color is also mentioned several times in the Bible, both in the Old and New Testament; in the Latin Vulgate version of the book of Isaiah (1:18) it says, "If your sins be as scarlet ("si fuerint peccata vestra ut coccinum") they shall be made white as snow", and in the book of Revelation (17:1-6) it describes the "Great Harlot" ("meretricius magnus") dressed in scarlet and purple ("circumdata purpura et coccino"), and riding upon a scarlet beast ("besteam coccineam").