title: Engie

text: Suez was (and still remains, through GDF Suez) one of the oldest continuously existing multinational corporations in the world as the result of nearly two centuries of reorganisation and corporate mergers. One line of corporate history dates back to the 1822 founded "Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter begunstiging van de volksvlijt" (literally: General Dutch Company for the favouring of industry) by King William I of the Netherlands (see Société Générale de Belgique). The origin of its name 'Suez' traces back to its other founding entity – the "Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez" founded in 1858 to build the Suez Canal. Suez S.A. was the result of a 1997 merger between the "Compagnie de Suez" and "".


title: Engie

text: Gaz de France was created in 1946 along with its sister company Électricité de France (EDF) by the French Government. After the liberalisation of Europe's energy markets, Gaz de France also entered into the electricity sector, having developed combined natural gas-electricity offerings. The company's capital was partially floated on the Paris Stock Exchange in July 2005, raising €2.5 billion for the French Government.


title: Engie

text: On 25 February 2006, French Prime minister Dominique de Villepin announced the merger of water supply and treatment, waste management and energy company Suez and power firm Gaz de France, with the aim of creating the world's largest liquefied natural gas company. Since the French state owned over 80% of Gaz de France, it was necessary to pass a new law in order to make the merger possible. Whilst Nicolas Sarkozy was for several months opposed to the Villepin government's plans for a merger of the two companies, preferring a three-way deal with Italy's Enel which would maintain a controlling stake for the state, he subsequently accepted the government proposal.


title: Engie

text: The plan for a merger between Gaz de France and Suez came under fire from the whole of the political left, which feared the loss of one of the last ways of preventing the price rises experienced over the previous three years, and by the social Gaullists and trade unions. In August 2006, the left-wing opposition submitted a record-breaking 137,449 amendments to the proposed legislation. Under normal procedure, parliament would have been required to vote on the amendments, which would have taken 10 years. The French Constitution does give the government options to bypass such a filibuster, but in the end these were not used.


title: Engie

text: Law No. 2006-1537 of 7 December 2006 on the energy sector authorised the privatisation of Gaz de France. On 3 September 2007, Gaz de France and Suez announced agreed terms of merger, on the basis of an exchange of 21 Gaz de France shares for 22 Suez shares via the absorption of Suez by Gaz de France. Various holdings of Gaz de France and Suez had to be divested in order to satisfy the concerns of the European Commissioner for Competition: GDF agreed to sell its approximate 25% stake in Belgian electricity producer SPE for €515 million. The stake was purchased by fellow SPE shareholder Centrica which exercised its right of first refusal, blocking a previous agreement to sell the stake to Électricité de France. Suez, meanwhile, was forced to reduce its shareholding in natural gas distributor Fluxys and sell its Belgian gas supply subsidiary Distrigas to Eni.


title: Engie

text: The newly created GDF Suez came into existence on 22 July 2008; the world's second-largest utility with over €74 billion in annual revenues. The deal resulted in the conversion of the French state's 80% stake in GDF into just over 35% of shares of the new company. The water and waste assets which formerly formed part of Suez were spun off into a new publicly traded company, Suez Environment, in which GDF Suez retains a stake.


title: Engie

text: In 1975, Ruhrgas and Gaz de France concluded a deal according to which they agreed not to sell gas in each other's home market. The deal was abandoned in 2005.


title: Engie

text: In July 2009, the European Commission fined GDF Suez and E.ON €553 million both over arrangements on the MEGAL pipeline. It was the second biggest fines imposed by the European Commission and the first one on the energy sector.


title: Engie

text: In October 2009, GDF Suez placed 6th in an A.T. Kearney/"BusinessWeek" ranking of the "World's Best Companies", the highest-placed European firm.


title: Engie

text: On 10 August 2010, the company announced a merger of its GDF SUEZ Energy International business unit, along with its operations within the United Kingdom and Turkey, with International Power. The acquisition created the world's biggest independent power producer, and the enlarged company retained International Power's listing on the London Stock Exchange and was 70% owned by GDF Suez.


title: Engie

text: In December 2010, GDF SUEZ became the key founding member of the 'Medgrid' company - a consortium of twenty plus utilities, grid operators, equipment makers, financing institutions and investors; which will implement the Medgrid project, a French renewable energy initiative within the framework of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM). The project, planned in North Africa, aims to promote and develop a Euro-Mediterranean electricity network of 20GW installed generating capacity, with 5GW being devoted for exports to Europe. The Medgrid together with the German initiated Desertec project would serve as the backbone of the European Supergrid.


title: Engie

text: On 16 April 2012, the purchase of the remaining 30% of International Power was announced by GDF Suez, and the transaction completed in July 2012. GDF Suez was advised by Rothschild and Ondra Partners, while Barclays, Morgan Stanley and Nomura advised International Power.


title: Engie

text: On 9 August 2013, GDF Suez, through its Energy Services business line, announced the purchase of Balfour Beatty's UK Facilities Management business – Balfour Beatty WorkPlace. The legacy Cofely business incorporated the legacy Balfour Beatty Workplace Business which went on to acquire Lend Lease FM in 2014 from Lendlease giving the new business a substantial platform in the operation of PFI assets in the UK.


title: Engie

text: On 24 April 2015 GDF Suez announced it was changing its name to "Engie", in an effort to further expand the company's international footprint. CEO and Chairman Gérard Mestrallet said the new name was a symbol to meet the challenges of the energy transition and accelerate the group's development. The subsidiary International Power became Engie Energy International.


title: Engie

text: In July 2015, Engie acquired 95% of Solairedirect, raising its photovoltaic production from 125 to 486 MW.


title: Engie

text: On 2 March 2017, Engie acquired Keepmoat Regeneration for £330m to form the places and communities division, headed up by Keepmoat LTD's former CEO Dave Sheridan. The new division is focused on three key activities; energy, services and regeneration.


title: Engie

text: GDF Suez has been ranked as among the 13th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic.


title: Engie

text: In April 2019, Engie announced the acquisition of 90% of Transportadora Associada de Gás (TAG), Brazil's largest natural gas transmission system owner (2,800 miles of pipeline, 47% of the country's gas infrastructure), for €7.7 billion.


title: Engie

text: It is the largest acquisition since International Power in 2010. The operation allows Engie to develop on its strategic axis of energy infrastructure as well as in Brazil, one of the priority countries.


title: Engie

text: In February 2020, the board of directors announces that it will not propose the reappointment of Isabelle Kocher at the next shareholders' meeting, which will bring to an end of her chief executive officer position.


title: Engie

text: In 2021, Engie was ranked fiftieth in the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) that covers 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.


title: Engie

text: Since 2014, Engie has operated a strategic shift, by reducing future exploration in fossil fuels and investing massively in renewable energies (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric, and nuclear) and energy efficiency services.


title: Engie

text: In 2015, Engie announced its decision to stop new investments in coal plants and to dispose of €15 billion in assets in order to reinvest into projects that promote low-carbon, distributed-energy. Engie also announced it will invest €22bn in renewable energies, energy services such as heating and cooling networks, and decentralized energy technology.


title: Engie

text: In 2016, Isabelle Kocher defined the strategy of Engie as follows: to promote decarbonized energy (oil and coal replaced by renewables and natural gas that emit less greenhouse gases), decentralized energy (energy produced and stored as close as possible to its place of consumption), and digitized energy (big data and digital tools for energy efficiency and network management). The group created Engie Digital and planned to invest €1.5 billion on digital and new technologies related to energy.


title: Engie

text: Engie also started promoting an open innovation approach with a dedicated entity named "Engie Fab" focused on the development of intelligent networks (smart grids), Internet of objects, green mobility, energy storage, and hydrogen.


title: Engie

text: Between 2016 and 2018, Engie invested €15 billion in new activities, financed by the sale of coal and upstream oil and gas.


title: Engie

text: In 2019, Isabelle Kocher announces the strategic plan of the company for the 2019-2021 period, with an ambition to become the world leader in the zero-carbon transition. The strategic shift includes accelerating its investments in renewable energies and focusing on high-value-added services to the clients.


title: Engie

text: Isabelle Kocher announces the definitive exit of coal activities. Engie plans to invest another €12 billion in renewable activities, partly financed by the sale of €6 billion assets (including the last coal plants).


title: Engie

text: The 12 billion break down as follows: 3 to 3.3 billion into gas infrastructure; 4 to 5 billion into client services and solutions; and 2.3 to 2.8 billion into renewable energies, adding a 9 GWh production capacity, to reach a renewable installed capacity of 52 to 64 GW by 2026.


title: Engie

text: As far as the services are concerned, Isabelle Kocher's plan is to develop "energy transition as a service" for large companies and metropolises, whom she says are driving the "second wave of energy transition" by searching ways to reduce their carbon emissions (the first wave having been driven by the states). She also says it might be "the invention of a new industry" of a 1 billion dollar potential value.


title: Engie

text: Engie also announces its intention to leave 20 of the 70 countries where it is active, and focus its activities on 20 countries and 30 metropolitan areas, mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa.


title: Engie

text: Thanks to former Suez subsidiaries such as Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Electrabel and (SHEM), GDF Suez is the second-largest generator of electricity in France behind EDF. The company indicated in December 2011 that of the group's production comes from sources that emit no CO principally hydroelectricity (through CNR and SHEM) and wind power, the latter of which both Gaz de France and Suez moved aggressively into in 2007 and 2008. Recently acquired subsidiaries include (majority stake), the wind farm business of Nass & Wind and Erelia. The company also operates a natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant (DK6) in Dunkirk. With the stated aim of reaching a total production capacity of 10 GW by 2013, three gas-fired thermal power plants at Fos-sur-Mer, Montoir-de-Bretagne and Saint-Brieuc are currently in various stages of development, as is a solar panel project in Curbans.


title: Engie

text: Engie also generates electricity in a number of countries outside France. Most notably, the company is the leading producer in both Belgium and the Netherlands through Electrabel (and the fifth-largest generator in Europe overall), as well as the largest non-state owned generator in both Brazil and Thailand (thanks to majority stakes in Engie Brasil and Glow Energy respectively).


title: Engie

text: The company also operates in North and Latin America through its Suez Energy International unit, as well as in other European and Asian countries. The company generates electricity through various types of plants, including thermal power, nuclear power, combined heat and power, wind farms, hydroelectric and biomass. Engie is currently developing a $15.8 billion nuclear power plant in Sinop, Turkey in partnership with Itochu and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.


title: Engie

text: In November 2016, Engie signed an agreement with Moroccan energy company Nareva. The two companies are planning to develop energy assets in North and Western Africa that will produce 5,000 and 6,000 megawatts. The plans will take place between 2020 and 2025.


title: Engie

text: In December 2016, Engie announced that Azzour North One Independent Water & Power Project (IWPP) has started full commercial operations. The power and water plant is Kuwait's most efficient source of electricity.


title: Engie

text: In January 2017, Engie has been awarded the contract and achieved financial closing for the greenfield Fadhili independent power project (IPP) in Saudi Arabia, the most efficient cogeneration plant in the country.


title: Engie

text: In October 2015, Engie announced that it will no longer build coal-fired power plants. Gérard Mestrallet said projects for which Engie had already entered into firm commitments would be honored, but projects, where contracts had not yet been signed, will de facto be suspended. As a result, Engie abandoned two coal-fired power plants projects in Ada Yumurtalik (Turkey) and in Thabametsi (South Africa). In February 2016, Engie announced the selling of its stakes in the Paiton power plant located in Indonesia and in the Meenakshi power plant located in India. Engie also announced the closing of the Rugeley power station in England.


title: Engie

text: In May 2016 Engie CEO Isabelle Kocher told a French Senate committee that it was planning a gradual withdrawal from coal-fired generation over the coming years. This could include closure of, or sale of its stake in, the lignite-fired Hazelwood Power Station in Victoria, Australia. Hazelwood power plant closed at the end of March 2017.


title: Engie

text: Engie's renewable installed capacity represented 19.5% of its energy mix at the end of 2016. The Group's renewable energy mix is composed of hydropower, solar energy, onshore and offshore wind power, biomass, and geothermal sources.


title: Engie

text: Engie has won bids for several solar and wind projects since 2016: a 338 MW solar project in India (April 2017), 209 MW in contracts for solar and wind projects in Mexico, and a 40 MW solar project in Peru. It has begun construction of the 100 MW Kathu solar park in South Africa.


title: Engie

text: Engie invested in Heliatek, a German company pioneering technologies in organic photovoltaics, in September 2016. The Group also assumed 100% control of La Compagnie du Vent in March 2017, and a 30% stake in Unisun, a Chinese solar photovoltaics company, in April 2017.


title: Engie

text: In Brazil, Engie's largest international hydroelectric project, and the fourth largest power plant in the country (3,750 MW) was inaugurated in December 2016.


title: Engie

text: Engie built its first international geothermal power generation plant in Indonesia. In October 2016, Engie developed France's first marine geothermal power station in Marseilles. In May 2017, Mexico's ministry of energy awarded Engie three geothermal exploration permits.


title: Engie

text: In February 2019, Engie announced plans to add 9 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy generation capacity to its portfolio by 2021, as part of its plan to accelerate the investments in renewable and low carbon energies.


title: Engie

text: In May 2019, Engie and Portuguese power company EDP announced the future creation of a 50-50 joint venture in offshore wind, starting with a total of 1.5 gigawatts (GW) under construction and 4 GW under development.


title: Engie

text: Engie's Willogoleche Wind Farm (119MW) opened in South Australia on 30 July 2019. It also owns Pelican Point (500MW) and Dry Creek (156MW) gas-fired power stations and Canunda Wind Farm (46MW) in South Australia.


title: Engie

text: Engie covers the whole biomethane chain, from project development with farmers to distribution to the final clients. The group has announced that, by 2030, it would have invested 2 billion euros in renewable gas, 10% of which will be injected into the networks, and that it will produce 5 TWH a year of biomethane.


title: Engie

text: In its historic activity of gas, Engie covers the whole gas chain, from exploration and production to distribution. It is the:


title: Engie

text: In November 2016, Engie and Statoil have reached an agreement on the renegotiation of their long-term gas supply contracts to adapt them to the evolution of European natural gas markets and to better reflect current market rates.


title: Engie

text: In 2016, Engie has negotiated new contracts for gas supply around the world: an agreement with UkrTransGaz, Ukrainian transmission system operator, on gas transmission and storage; an agreement with AES Andres to foster growth in LNG and natural gas sales in the Caribbean. Engie also committed the "Neptune", one of the two FSRU (floating storage and regasification units) of its fleet, to deliver LNG to the first floating LNG import terminal in Turkey.


title: Engie

text: In China, after an LNG supply agreement with Beijing Gas, Engie is looking at opportunities in the underground gas storage to hold stocks to meet seasonal demand.


title: Engie

text: The bunkering vessel "Engie Zeebrugge" performed for the first time in the port of Zeebrugge, Belgium, in June 2017. It was the first to provide ship-to-ship supplies for LNG as fuel.


title: Engie

text: In March 2017, Engie sold its licenses for shale gas exploration in the UK to petrochemicals firm Ineos, as part of its decarbonized strategy


title: Engie

text: In May 2017, Engie enters into exclusive negotiations with Neptune Energy for the sale of its 70% interest in Exploration & Production International ("EPI").


title: Engie

text: Engie signed in 2016 a technical and commercial cooperation contract with Göteborg Energi to push further the industrialization of the dry biomass-to-gas production approach. Engie is also involved in the Ambigo project, the first dry biomass-to-gas project which will be located in Alkmaar, Netherlands. As a co-investor in the canceled Nord Stream 2 project, Engie wrote off €987 million in April 2022.


title: Engie

text: Engie provides energy efficiency and environmental services. 90,000 of the group's employees are dedicated to these services.


title: Engie

text: Engie (50%) and Axium Infrastructure US (50%) won a 50-year concession to ensure the sustainable energy management of the Ohio State University in Columbus, one of the largest university campuses in the United States with 485 buildings.


title: Engie

text: In 2019, Engie won a contract from the University of Leicester to oversee the development of 1,164 new student homes and the refurbishment of a grade II listed building to be used as office and study space, and the construction of a multi-storey car park and the creation of a new teaching and learning centre.


title: Engie

text: In April 2019, as part of its strategic project to develop zero-carbon transition "as a service", Engie announced the organization of its businesses around four business lines: Thermal, Infrastructures, Customer Solutions and Renewables. Engie also announces the creation of Engie Impact, a business entity in charge of strategy for the largest clients.


title: Engie

text: GrDF is the distribution subsidiary of gas, major gas distributor in France and Europe. GRDF builds, operates, and maintains the distribution network. It transports natural gas to customers. It has around 12000 employees and the actual CEO (2017) is senior executive Edouard Sauvage.


title: Engie

text: Engie Cofely is a subsidiary of energy efficiency and environmental services. It employs 12000 collaborators and generates a turnover of €2,5 billion. The CEO is Jean-Pierre Monéger.


title: Engie

text: Engie IT or Engie Information & Technologies is the IT subsidiary of Engie group, founded in 2012 by CEO Jean-Michel Carboni (2012–15). Originally Engie's IT departments were managed by the DSI (€1.35bn of revenue in 2012); Carboni pooled IT departments to create a single subsidiary named Engie IT (Information & Technologies). In 2013 the turnover is around 600 million of EUR.


title: Engie

text: Engie Impact host the multi-championship winning team Real Impact FC (formerly Power Soccer Crusaders). In December 2019, Real Impact FC won the Tractebel championship final by 3-to-1 against Project Fusion FC.


title: Engie

text: The board is backed by the recommendations of four specialized committees (audit; appointments and compensations; ethics, environment and sustainable development; strategy, investment, and technology).


title: Corporate Memphis

text: Corporate Memphis is a term used to describe a flat, geometric art style, widely associated with Big Tech illustrations in the late 2010s and early 2020s. It has been criticized by some as uninspired or dystopian, though some illustrators have defended the style, pointing at what they claim to be its art-historical legitimacy.


title: Corporate Memphis

text: Flat art developed out of the rise of vector graphic programs, and a nostalgia for midcentury modern illustration. It began to trend in editorial illustration and especially the tech industry, which relied on simple, scalable illustrations to fill white space and add character to apps and web pages. The style was widely popularized when Facebook introduced Alegria, an illustration system commissioned from design agency Buck Studios and illustrator Xoana Herrera in 2017.


title: Corporate Memphis

text: The name Corporate Memphis originated from the title of an Are.na board that collected early examples, and is a reference to the Memphis Group, a 1980s design group known for bright colors, childish patterns, and geometric shapes. It is also known as the Alegria style, or Big Tech art style. Illustrators working in this style often refer to it as flat art.


title: Corporate Memphis

text: Common motifs are flat human characters in action, with disproportionate features such as long and bendy limbs, small torsos, minimal or no facial features, and bright colors without any blending. Facebook's Alegria uses non-representational skin colors such as blues and purples in order to feel universal, though some artists working in the style opt for more realistic skin colors and features.


title: Corporate Memphis

text: Once Facebook adopted the style, the sudden ubiquity of vector graphics led to a critical backlash. The style has been criticized for being generic, lazy, overused, and attempting to sanitize public perception of big tech companies by presenting human interaction in utopian optimism. Criticism of the art style is often rooted in larger anxieties about the creative industry under capitalism and neoliberalism. Some have argued that, despite the criticism, Corporate Memphis has unexpected depth and variety, and deserves to be understood on its own merits beyond an association with tech dystopias.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: "Heaven" is a song by the Canadian singer and songwriter Bryan Adams recorded in 1983, written by Adams and Jim Vallance. It first appeared on the "A Night in Heaven" soundtrack album the same year and was later included on Adams' album "Reckless" in 1984. It was released as the third single from "Reckless" and reached number one on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 in June 1985, over a year and a half after the song first appeared on record. The single was certified Gold in Canada in 1985.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: Heavily influenced by Journey's 1983 hit "Faithfully", the song was written while Adams served as the opening act on that band's Frontiers Tour, and features their drummer, Steve Smith. It provided Adams with his first number one single and third top 10 hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The track placed number 24 on "Billboard" magazine's Top Pop Singles of 1985.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: Adams had played over 100 dates with Journey during 1983, serving as the opening act on their Frontiers Tour. During that time, he and Jim Vallance co-wrote "Heaven", which was inspired by Journey's hit "Faithfully". It was recorded at the Power Station in New York City on June 6 and 7, 1983. Halfway through the recording session, drummer Mickey Curry – who had warned Adams about his limited availability that day – announced that he had to leave since he had committed in advance to a Hall & Oates session. Since the recording session for "Heaven" was running behind schedule, Adams called Journey drummer Steve Smith, who happened to be in New York City at the time and he filled Curry's drumming position. The song first appeared on the soundtrack to the 1983 film, "A Night in Heaven", although it was not released as a single at that time.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: Adams was unconvinced that "Heaven" was suitable for his next studio album, "Reckless", a feeling that was echoed by producer Jimmy Iovine, who was working with Adams at the time. Iovine thought the song was too 'light' for the album and recommended that Adams not include it. But at the last moment, Adams changed his mind.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: For All Music Guide, Stewart Mason called the song "the power ballad that transcends the inherent cheesiness of the style to become a genuinely effective single." Mason also praised the "solid melody" and "appropriately bombastic arrangement...over which Adams delivers his most effective vocal performance ever."


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: In 1984, "Heaven" won the Procan Award (Performing Rights Organization of Canada) for Canadian radio airplay, in 1985, it won the BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) Citation of Achievement for U.S. radio airplay and ten years later, it won a Socan Classics Award for more than 100,000 Canadian radio performances.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: "Heaven" first appeared on the "A Night in Heaven" soundtrack album in 1983 and received substantial airplay on album-oriented rock radio stations, reaching the number nine on "Billboard"s Top Tracks chart in February 1984. It was released as the third single from the album "Reckless" in April 1985 and hit number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, the highest-charting single from "Reckless". The song also re-entered the Top Rock Tracks chart at that time, peaking at number 27. "Heaven" also peaked at number 12 on the Adult Contemporary chart during its second run, becoming Adams' second single to reach that chart after "Straight from the Heart" in 1983, and his biggest AC hit until 1991.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: The song was also released in Australia, Europe, and New Zealand in 1985. "Heaven" peaked at number 38 in the UK. In several mainland European countries, "Heaven" was the first hit for Adams. "Heaven" reached the top 10 in Sweden and Norway and then the top 20 in Austria, Ireland, Switzerland, and Sweden, it was a moderate top hundred success in Germany where it peaked at number 62. In Australia, it peaked at number 12.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: There were two videos, one shot at the Stanley Industrial Alliance Stage in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and directed by Steve Barron. That video includes appearances by Lysette Anthony and Garwin Sanford. The second video was shot in London, England, and features Adams singing the song in a live concert setting; behind him, stacked video monitors show his band playing along. Video monitors also occupy each seat of the otherwise empty theater. At the end it is all revealed to be a dream of Adams. The video was nominated for an MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: Spanish DJ Sammy and German DJ Yanou recorded a dance cover of "Heaven" with vocals from Dutch singer Do. It was initially released on November 21, 2001, as the first single from DJ Sammy's second studio album "Heaven" (2002).


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: The song reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and number eight on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. It re-entered the chart on the week of November 17, 2007. On October 28, 2009, over seven years after its release, the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000. It has also been certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales and streams of over 1,200,000 units.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: The music video was directed by Oliver Bradford. It features Yanou, DJ Sammy and Do viewed briefly from a television. The video features two Asian girls, androgynous people and a black man. It featured a family of four. There is a second version, with extended scenes of a stationary Do singing and no scenes of Yanou.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: Do performed the song with Westlife live in 2002 in the UK, and also with Westlife at the TMF Awards in 2003. Do also performed the song several times together with Bryan Adams, in the Netherlands and Germany.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: Because of the Eurodance version's popularity, a stripped-down "Candlelight Mix" ballad version was made and sung by Do, and received airplay on adult contemporary radio stations as well as contemporary hit radio stations.


title: Heaven (Bryan Adams song)

text: An unauthorized remix of the "Candlelight Mix" was made by KKXX in Bakersfield, California to commemorate the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks, featuring a kindergarten-aged girl telling the story of her father's death in the attacks, interspersed with the original chorus. While the monologue is based on a true story, the girl was actually the daughter of a former KISS FM program director, who was reading off a script and did not know about the attacks at the time.


title: Cung Le

text: Cung Le (; born May 25, 1972) is a Vietnamese-born American actor, retired mixed martial artist, Sanshou fighter and kickboxer. He competed as a middleweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), holding a record of 2–2 with the organization. In kickboxing and sanshou, he is a former International Kickboxing Federation Light Heavyweight World Champion, having a professional kickboxing record of 17–0 before moving to mixed martial arts. He defeated Frank Shamrock to become the second Strikeforce Middleweight Champion before vacating the title to further pursue his acting career. Le is perhaps best known in mixed martial arts for competing in Strikeforce, holding a record of 7–1 with the organization before its demise.


title: Cung Le

text: Cung Lê was born in Saigon, South Vietnam (now Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). In 1975, three days before the Fall of Saigon, Cung Le and his mother Anne left Vietnam by helicopter. Le's father stayed in Vietnam and was caught as a prisoner. After a few months in a refugee camp in the Philippines, Le ended up in San Jose, California, where early discrimination and bullying inspired him to learn martial arts. His mother enrolled him in Tae Kwon Do classes at the age of 10.


title: Cung Le

text: Le began Wrestling competitively at age 14. After being inspired to box by Sylvester Stallone´s "Rocky", Le graduated and earned All-American honors in Wrestling his junior year at San Jose High School. He went on to wrestle for West Valley College in Saratoga, California, and won the California Junior College State Championship in the 158 lb weight class in 1990 also earning junior college All-American honors. Le also is practiced in a variety of martial arts such as Judo, Karate, Kuntao and Sambo. He began training in Sanshou (Sanda) around age of 21 because it complimented his Tae Kwon Do and Wrestling background. Le held a professional Kickboxing record of 17–0 and is a three-time world champion in Kickboxing.


title: Cung Le

text: Le is undefeated in his Sanshou/kickboxing career (17–0). He has won three US Open International Martial Arts Championships (1994, 1995, 1996). In 1998 he won the Shidokan tournament championship. He has also won four US National Championships (Orlando, FL, 1994, Dallas, TX, 1995, Baltimore, MD, 1997). He earned three bronze medals in his amateur Sanshou world competition compiling an overall amateur record of 18–3. He has been a three-time captain of the United States teams that competed and was the U.S. team captain at the World Wushu Championships in 1997 (Italy) and 1999 (Hong Kong). On December 15, 2001 he defeated Shonie Carter by unanimous decision in San Jose, California, to win the IKF International Kickboxing Federation Pro Light Heavyweight Sanda World Title. In May 2003, Le entered into K-1 competitions where he garnered a 3–0 career record, including one knockout.


title: Cung Le

text: Le made his mixed martial arts debut at "" on March 10, 2006, at the HP Pavilion at San Jose, knocking out kickboxing rival Mike Altman at 3:51 of the first round. Le first met Altman in San Jose, in 1999, in a kickboxing bout where he defeated Altman via a body shot in the third round. Three months later he faced KOTC veteran Brian Warren, knocking him out at 4:19 of the first round. Le had also faced Warren in a K-1 Sanshou bout where he won by decision. At "" on December 8, 2006, Le defeated UFC veteran Jason Von Flue in 0:43 of round one, when the fight had to be stopped due to a cut from a kick. Le went on to fight Tony Fryklund. Le beat Fryklund via TKO due to strikes late in the third round. Soon after Le fought Sammy Morgan at "" where he won the bout via TKO.


title: Cung Le

text: On March 29, 2008 at "", Le defeated long time MMA veteran Frank Shamrock in a fight co-promoted by Strikeforce and EliteXC at the HP Pavilion in San Jose. Le won via TKO when Frank Shamrock's right arm (ulna) was broken after a series of kicks, making him the new Strikeforce Middleweight Champion. On September 17, 2009, Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker announced that Le had relinquished his belt after securing a major motion picture deal.


title: Cung Le

text: Twenty-one months after his last fight, Le returned to Strikeforce to face Scott Smith at "" on December 19, 2009. Le suffered his first MMA defeat there, losing via TKO at 3:25 of the third round. After the match, Le expressed interest in an immediate rematch with Smith. His wish was granted on June 26, "", in which Le defeated Smith via TKO in the second round to avenge his only MMA loss at the time.


title: Cung Le

text: Le has said that it is basically the UFC or bust for him at this point in his fighting career. “I know for a fact that if I do fight again, it’s going to be in the UFC. I’ve never fought in the UFC, but I would love to fight in the UFC. But right now because of my contract with Showtime and Strikeforce, hopefully things can work out because there is a show in San Jose that Cain Velasquez is the main event. I would love to fight in San Jose for the UFC ...” In an interview with BloodyElbow on October 27, 2012, Le revealed he originally signed a six-fight contract with the UFC.


title: Cung Le

text: Le was briefly linked to a matchup with Vitor Belfort on November 19, 2011, at "UFC 139". However, Belfort was removed from the bout and replaced by former Pride FC Middleweight Champion Wanderlei Silva. Le managed to confuse Silva with his unorthodox kicks, and landed a spinning backfist that dropped Silva. During the second round, Silva managed to shake Le with huge punches and knees that completely broke Le's nose. Le was stunned, bloodied and fell to the ground, and the fight was stopped by the referee. Afterwards, in the press conference, Dana White commented that it was a good stoppage and that Cung was taken to the hospital.


title: Cung Le

text: Le was scheduled to face former UFC Middleweight Champion Rich Franklin on July 7, 2012, at "UFC 148". However, due to an injury to headliner Vitor Belfort, Franklin instead faced Wanderlei Silva in a 190 lb catchweight rematch on June 23, 2012 at "UFC 147". Le instead faced former title contender Patrick Côté. He earned his first UFC win via unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27).


title: Cung Le

text: Le faced Rich Franklin in the main event on November 10, 2012, at "". Cung Le won the fight via KO with a powerful hook punch to Franklin's head at 2:17 of the first round.


title: Cung Le

text: In November 2013, it was announced that Le would serve as the chief coach and mentor on "", the China-based version of "The Ultimate Fighter" which began airing in December 2013.


title: Cung Le

text: After over a year-and-a-half of being away from competition, Le faced Michael Bisping on August 23, 2014, at "UFC Fight Night 48". After an even start, Le was cut around both eyes in the second round, as Bisping began to land the more powerful strikes. Bisping eventually won the one sided fight via TKO in the fourth round. Following the fight, Le tested positive for elevated levels of HGH and was subsequently suspended from competition for nine months. However, after reevaluating the evidence against Le, the UFC increased his suspension to 12 months. There has been some dispute of the test, as the testing laboratory in question was not WADA-approved, did not do the appropriate HGH test, and destroyed the blood sample before confirmatory tests could be done. Ultimately, on October 21, the UFC reversed their decision and rescinded Le's suspension in light of the aforementioned flaws. On December 3, 2014, Le told the media that he instructed his manager to request Le's release from UFC due to the drug-test dispute.


title: Cung Le

text: On December 16, 2014, Le was listed as one of three MMA fighters who filed a class-action lawsuit against Zuffa, LLC., the parent company of the UFC. The suit alleges that the UFC participated in anti-competitive practices that hindered fighters and their mixed martial arts careers. At the time Le was the only active fighter on the organization's roster to be involved in the lawsuit.


title: Cung Le

text: On January 20, 2015, his manager, Gary Ibarra, announced to the media that Le had retired from MMA. Le's decision came after reconsidering his career with his family. He had previously expressed his lack of desire to fight in the UFC and contemplated retirement following the performance-enhancing drug disputes he had with the promotion in 2014. Le believed that the UFC owed him an apology for accusing him of using drugs when the test results later turned out to be faulty. Le, however, said that his retirement was only in MMA. He talked about the possibility of returning to professional kickboxing competitions, where he was active prior to his MMA debut.


title: Cung Le

text: Le co-starred in the live-action "Tekken" film, based upon the popular martial arts fighting game, as Marshall Law, released November 5, 2009 for the American film market. Le had supporting roles in the science fiction film "Pandorum" with Dennis Quaid and Ben Foster, and "Fighting", released in 2009 alongside Channing Tatum. He also starred in a Hong Kong martial arts film "Bodyguards and Assassins", which was released on December 18, 2009; his film was the first time he worked with and had a fight scene with Hong Kong martial arts superstar Donnie Yen.


title: Cung Le

text: He also appeared in a Vietnamese music show "Paris By Night 99 – Tôi Là Người Việt Nam" where he was interviewed by Nguyen Cao Ky Duyen; this show also marked one of the few times Le has spoken Vietnamese on camera.


title: Cung Le

text: Le had a lead role in the 2012 action film "Dragon Eyes", costarring Jean-Claude Van Damme and produced by Joel Silver. The movie is based on the Akira Kurosawa classic "Yojimbo" and is "MMA-themed". Also in 2012, Le played Bronze Lion in "The Man with the Iron Fists", a film directed by RZA.


title: Cung Le

text: In 2014, he starred in "Puncture Wounds", an action film directed by Giorgio Serafini, co-directed and written by James Coyne.


title: Cung Le

text: He is set to appear in the action movie "Savage Dog" alongside martial artists and action stars Scott Adkins and Marko Zaror.


title: Cung Le

text: Cung Le was primarily a stand-up fighter known for his highly unorthodox striking. Drawing from his backgrounds in Wushu, Sanshou, Taekwondo, Wrestling, and Jiu-Jitsu. He had a particularly dangerous kicking game. He was perhaps best known for his use of the spinning back kick and spinning backfist, which he used to win multiple fights by knockout.


title: Cung Le

text: Le has two sons with his ex-wife. He is married to a Native American bikini model Sunshine Spring Le.


title: Cung Le

text: He often honors Vietnamese communities with the flag of South Vietnam in his fighting uniforms to remember his Vietnamese heritage.


title: TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time

text: "TV Guide"s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time is "TV Guide"s list of the 50 most entertaining or influential television series in American pop culture. It appeared in the May 4–10, 2002 issue of the magazine, which was the second in a series of special issues commemorating "TV Guide"s 50th year (the others were "TV We'll Always Remember", "50 Greatest Covers", "50 Worst TV Shows of All Time", "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters" and "50 Sexiest Stars"). The list was also counted down in an ABC television special, "TV Guide's 50 Best Shows of All Time", on May 13, 2002.


text: The 50 entries, chosen and ranked by the editors of "TV Guide", consist of regularly scheduled series spanning more than half a century of television. TV movies, miniseries and specials were not eligible.


text: The special aired at 10:00 pm and was viewed by 8.9 million people, giving it a 6 rating and a 10 share. Considering the cover story for this special issue of "TV Guide", it was the only one of the six to be presented on television.


text: The earliest aired show appearing on the list is "The Ed Sullivan Show", which first aired in 1948. The most recently premiered show is "The Sopranos", which first aired in 1999. The show with the shortest run is "An American Family", which aired only twelve episodes and two subsequent special episodes. The longest-running show on the list is "The Today Show", which has aired since 1952. 41 of the shows are prime time, five are daytime and four are late-night. NBC has the most shows on the list with 17, counting the final season of "Taxi"; otherwise, it ties with CBS at 16. ABC has eight, Fox, HBO and PBS each have two and The WB and UPN have a shared entry, "Buffy the Vampire Slayer". Three are syndicated.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Johann Georg Faust (; c. 1480 or 1466 – c. 1541), also known in English as John Faustus , was a German itinerant alchemist, astrologer, and magician of the German Renaissance.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: "Doctor Faust" became the subject of folk legend in the decades after his death, transmitted in chapbooks beginning in the 1580s, and was notably adapted by Christopher Marlowe in his play "The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus" (1604). The "Faustbuch" tradition survived throughout the early modern period, and the legend was again adapted in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's closet drama "Faust" (1808), Hector Berlioz's musical composition "La damnation de Faust" (premiered 1846), and Franz Liszt's "Faust Symphony" of 1857.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Because of his early treatment as a figure in legend and literature, it is difficult to establish historical facts about his life with any certainty. In the 17th century, it was even doubted that there ever had been a historical Faust, and the legendary character was identified with a printer of Mainz called "Johann Fust". Johann Georg Neumann in 1683 addressed the question in his "Disquisitio historica de Fausto praestigiatore", establishing Faust's historical existence based on contemporary references.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: In the light of records of an activity spanning more than 30 years, the two suggested birth years (1466 vs. 1480/1), the two recorded first names (Georg vs. Johann) and the two recorded places of origin (Knittlingen vs. Heidelberg/Helmstett), it has been suggested that there were two itinerant magicians calling themselves "Faustus", one Georg, active ca. 1505 to 1515, and another Johann, active in the 1530s.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Possible places of origin of the historical Johann Faust are Knittlingen (Manlius 1562), Helmstadt near Heidelberg, or Roda. Knittlingen today has an archive and a museum dedicated to Faust. Baron (1978) and Ruickbie (2009) argue for Helmstadt as his place of birth.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Faust's year of birth is given either as 1480/1 or as 1466. Baron (1992) and Ruickbie prefer the latter. The city archive of Ingolstadt has a letter dated 27 June 1528 which mentions a "Doctor Jörg Faustus von Haidlberg". Other sources have "Georgius Faustus Helmstet(ensis)". Baron, searching for students from Helmstet in the archives of Heidelberg University, found records of a "Georgius Helmstetter" inscribed from 1483 to 1487, stating that he was promoted to baccalaureus on 12 July 1484 and to magister artium on 1 March 1487.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: For the year 1506, there is a record of Faust appearing as performer of magical tricks and horoscopes in Gelnhausen. Over the following 30 years, there are numerous similar records spread over southern Germany. Faust appeared as physician, doctor of philosophy, alchemist, magician and astrologer, and was often accused as a fraud. The church denounced him as a blasphemer in league with the devil. Faust had also supposedly joined Protestantism.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Johannes Trithemius in a letter to Johannes Virdung dated 20 August 1507 warns the latter of a certain "Georgius Sabellicus", a trickster and fraud styling himself "Georgius Sabellicus, Faustus junior, fons necromanticorum, astrologus, magus secundus etc." According to Trithemius, in Gelnhausen and Würzburg, Sabellicus boasted blasphemously of his powers, even claiming that he could easily reproduce all the miracles of Christ. Trithemius alleges that Sabellicus received a teaching position in Sickingen in 1507, which he abused by indulging in sodomy with his male students, evading punishment by a timely escape.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Conrad Mutianus Rufus in 1513 recounts a meeting with a "chiromanticus" called "Georgius Faustus, Helmitheus Heidelbergensis" (likely for "hemitheus", "demigod of Heidelberg"), overhearing his vain and foolish boasts in an Erfurt inn.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: On 23 February 1520, Faust was in Bamberg, doing a horoscope for the bishop and the town, for which he received the sum of 10 gulden.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: In 1528, Faust visited Ingolstadt, whence he was banished shortly after. In 1532 he seems to have tried to enter Nürnberg, according to an unflattering note made by the junior mayor of the city to "deny free passage to the great nigromancer and sodomite Doctor Faustus" ("Doctor Faustus, dem großen Sodomiten und Nigromantico in furt glait ablainen"). Later records give a more positive verdict; thus the Tübingen professor Joachim Camerarius in 1536 recognises Faust as a respectable astrologer, and physician Philipp Begardi of Worms in 1539 praises his medical knowledge. The last direct attestation of Faust dates to 25 June 1535, when his presence was recorded in Münster during the Anabaptist rebellion.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Faust's death is dated to 1540 or 1541. He allegedly died in an explosion of an alchemical experiment in the "Hotel zum Löwen" in Staufen im Breisgau. His body is reported to have been found in a "grievously mutilated" state which was interpreted to the effect that the devil had come to collect him in person by his clerical and scholarly enemies. In 1548, the theologian Johann Gast in his "sermones conviviales" states that Faust had suffered a dreadful death, and would keep turning his face to the earth in spite of the body being turned on its back several times. In his 1548 account, Gast also mentions a personal meeting with Faust in Basel during which Faust provided the cook with poultry of a strange kind. According to Gast, Faust travelled with a dog and a horse, and there were rumours that the dog would sometimes transform into a servant.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Another posthumous account is that of Johannes Manlius, drawing on notes by Melanchthon, in his "Locorum communium collectanea" dating to 1562. According to Manlius, "Johannes Faustus" was a personal acquaintance of Melanchthon's and had studied in Kraków. Manlius' account is already suffused with legendary elements, and cannot be taken at face value as a historical source. Manlius recounts that Faust had boasted that the victories of the German emperor in Italy were due to his magical intervention. In Venice, he allegedly attempted to fly, but was thrown to the ground by the devil. Johannes Wier in "de prestigiis daemonum" (1568) recounts that Faustus had been arrested in Batenburg because he had recommended that the local chaplain called Dorstenius should use arsenic to get rid of his stubble. Dorstenius smeared his face with the poison, upon which he lost not only his beard but also much of his skin, an anecdote Wier says he heard from the victim himself. in 1602 still claims to have heard tales of Faust directly from people who had met him in person, but from the publication of the 1587 "Faustbuch", it becomes impossible to separate historical anecdotes from rumour and legend.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: The town of Bad Kreuznach has a "Faust Haus" restaurant reportedly built in 1492 on the site of "the home of the legendary Magister Johann Georg Sabellicus Faust".


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: There are several prints of grimoires or magical texts attributed to Faust. Some of them are artificially dated to his lifetime, either to "1540", or to "1501", "1510", etc., some even to unreasonably early dates, such as "1405" and "1469". The prints in fact date to the late 16th century, from ca. 1580, i.e. the same period of the development of the "Volksbuch" tradition. The "Höllenzwang" text is also extant in manuscript versions from the late 16th century. A manuscript of c. 1700 under the title "Doctoris Johannis Fausti Morenstern practicirter Höllenzwang genant Der schwarze Mohr. Ann(o) MCCCCVII" (i.e. "1407") includes the text which in print is known as "Dr. Faustens sogenannter schwartzer Mohren-Stern, gedruckt zu London 1510". Variants of the "Höllenzwang" attributed to Faust continued to be published for the next 200 years, well into the 18th century.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: These works were collected and edited in "Das Kloster" by J. Scheible (1849), and based on Scheible in 1976 and 1977 by the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Religions- und Weltanschauungsfragen", in the "Moonchild-Edition", and again as facsimile by Poseidon Press and Fourier Verlag.


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: The "Historia von D. Johann Fausten" printed by Johann Spies 1587, a German chapbook about Faust's sins, is at the beginning of the literary tradition of the Faust character. It was translated into English in 1587, where it came to the attention of Christopher Marlowe. Marlowe's "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus" of 1589 portrays Faust as the archetypical adept of Renaissance magic. In the 17th century, Marlowe's work was re-introduced to Germany in the form of popular plays, which over time reduced Faust to a merely comical figure for popular amusement. Meanwhile, the chapbook of Spies was edited and excerpted by G. R. Widmann and Nikolaus Pfitzer, and was finally re-published anonymously in modernised form in the early 18th century, as the "Faustbuch des Christlich Meynenden". This edition became widely known and was also read by Goethe in his youth. As summarized by Richard Stecher, this version is the account of a young man called "Johann Faust", son of a peasant, who studies theology in Wittenberg, besides medicine, astrology and "other magical arts". His boundless desire for knowledge leads him to conjure the devil in a wood near Wittenberg, who appears in the shape of a greyfriar who calls himself "Mephistopheles".


title: Johann Georg Faust

text: Faust enters a pact with the devil, pledging his soul in exchange for 24 years of service. The devil produces a famulus "Christoph Wagner" and a poodle "Prästigiar" to accompany Faust in his adventure. Faust goes on to live a life of pleasures. In Leipzig, he rides out of Auerbachs Keller on a barrel. In Erfurt he taps wine from a table. He visits the Pope in Rome, the Sultan in Constantinople and the Kaiser in Innsbruck. After 16 years, he begins to regret his pact and wants to withdraw, but the devil persuades him to renew it, conjuring up Helen of Troy, with whom Faust sires a son called Justus. As the 24 years come to an end, "Satan, chief of devils" appears and announces Faust's death for the coming night. Faust at a "last supper" scene in Rimlich takes leave of his friends and admonishes them to repentance and piety. At midnight, there is a great noise from Faust's room, and in the morning, its walls and floors are found splattered with blood and brains, with Faust's eyes lying on the floor and his dead body in the courtyard.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: In basketball, travelling is a violation of the rules that occurs when a player holding the ball moves one or both their feet illegally. Traveling is also called, predominantly in a streetball game, "walking" or "steps". If the pivot foot is lifted, a pass or try for made basket must be made before the pivot foot is replaced to the floor. In the NBA and FIBA, players are also given a "gather step".


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: In the NBA and FIBA, when a player has taken more than two steps without the ball being dribbled, a traveling violation is called. The NCAA and NFHS do not allow two steps. In 2018, FIBA revised the rule so that one can take a "gather step" before taking the two steps. A travel can also be called via carrying or an unestablished pivot foot. If the pivot foot of a player changes or moves, it is considered traveling.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: Art. 2. Traveling occurs when a player holding the ball moves a foot or both feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits described in this section.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: Art. 3. A player who catches the ball with both feet on the playing court may pivot, using either foot. When one foot is lifted, the other is the pivot foot.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: Art. 4. A player who catches the ball while moving or ends a dribble may stop and establish a pivot foot as follows:


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: Art. 7. It is traveling when a player falls to the playing court while holding the ball without maintaining a pivot foot.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) traveling rule is almost identical to the NCAA rule, with an additional article clarifying restrictions regarding a player holding the ball while on the floor.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: a. A player who receives the ball while standing still may pivot, using either foot as the pivot foot.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: b. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing must release the ball to start his dribble before his second step.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: The second step occurs after the first step when the other foot touches the floor, or both feet touch the floor simultaneously.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: A player who comes to a stop on step one when both feet are on the floor or touch the floor simultaneously may pivot using either foot as his pivot. If he jumps with both feet he must release the ball before either foot touches the floor.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: A progressing player who jumps off one foot on the first step may land with both feet simultaneously for the second step. In this situation, the player may not pivot with either foot and if one or both feet leave the floor the ball must be released before either returns to the floor.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: c. In starting a dribble after (1) receiving the ball while standing still, or (2) coming to a legal stop, the ball must be out of the player’s hand before the pivot foot is raised off the floor.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: d. If a player, with the ball in his possession, raises his pivot foot off the floor, he must pass or shoot before his pivot foot returns to the floor. If he drops the ball while in the air, he may not be the first to touch the ball.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: e. A player who falls to the floor while holding the ball, or while coming to a stop, may not gain an advantage by sliding.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: f. A player who attempts a field goal may not be the first to touch the ball if it fails to touch the backboard, basket ring or another player.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: g. A player is not allowed to be the first to touch his own pass unless the ball touches his backboard, basket ring or another player.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: h. Upon ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball, a player may not touch the floor consecutively with the same foot (hop).


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: According to some observers, enforcement of the rule as written is not necessarily rigorous in the NBA, and traveling violations are often overlooked.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: 25.1.1. Traveling is the illegal movement of one foot or both feet beyond the limits outlined in this article, in any direction, while holding a live ball on the playing court.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: 25.1.2. A pivot is the legal movement in which a player who is holding a live ball on the playing court steps once or more than once in any direction with the same foot, while the other foot, called the pivot foot, is kept at its point of contact with the floor.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: The ball becomes dead and a throw-in is awarded to the opposing team out of bounds nearest the point where the violation took place under NCAA and NFHS rules. Under NBA rules, the ball is awarded to the opposing team at the nearest spot but no closer to the baseline than the free throw line extended.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: Netball rules do not permit players to let their landing foot touch the ground again if it is lifted at all while in possession of the ball, so players can take 1.5 steps while holding the ball. Pivoting does not count as a step. Players are entitled to balance on the other foot if the landing foot is lifted. An infraction of this rule is usually called "traveling" (or "steps") as in basketball.


title: Traveling (basketball)

text: In korfball, either foot can be used as pivot, no matter which foot touches the ground first. This means that in practice, one can take 2.5 steps, e.g. landing on the right foot, putting down the left and displacing the right. The left foot is the pivot in this case. The left foot can then be lifted, but may not be repositioned.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Cantonese or Guangdong cuisine, also known as Yue cuisine ( or ) is the cuisine of Guangdong province of China, particularly the provincial capital Guangzhou, and the surrounding regions in the Pearl River Delta including Hong Kong and Macau. Strictly speaking, Cantonese cuisine is the cuisine of Guangzhou or of Cantonese speakers, but it often includes the cooking styles of all the speakers of Yue Chinese languages in Guangdong. Scholars categorize Guangdong cuisine into three major groups based on the region's dialect: Cantonese, Hakka and Chaozhou cuisines.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: The Teochew cuisine and Hakka cuisine of Guangdong are considered their own styles, as is neighboring Guangxi's cuisine despite eastern Guangxi being considered culturally Cantonese due to the presence of ethnic Zhuang influences in the rest of the province. Cantonese cuisine is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine. Its prominence outside China is due to the large number of Cantonese emigrants. Chefs trained in Cantonese cuisine are highly sought after throughout China. Until the late 20th century, most Chinese restaurants in the West served largely Cantonese dishes.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Guangzhou (Canton) City, the provincial capital of Guangdong and the centre of Cantonese culture, has long been a trading hub and many imported foods and ingredients are used in Cantonese cuisine. Besides pork, beef and chicken, Cantonese cuisine incorporates almost all edible meats, including offal, chicken feet, duck's tongue, frog legs, snakes and snails. However, lamb and goat are less commonly used than in the cuisines of northern or western China. Many cooking methods are used, with steaming and stir-frying being the most favoured due to their convenience and rapidity. Other techniques include shallow frying, double steaming, braising and deep frying.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Compared to other Chinese regional cuisines, the flavours of most traditional Cantonese dishes should be well-balanced and not greasy. Apart from that, spices should be used in modest amounts to avoid overwhelming the flavours of the primary ingredients, and these ingredients in turn should be at the peak of their freshness and quality. There is no widespread use of fresh herbs in Cantonese cooking, in contrast with their liberal use in other cuisines such as Sichuanese, Vietnamese, Lao, Thai and European. Garlic chives and coriander leaves are notable exceptions, although the former are often used as a vegetable and the latter are usually used as mere garnish in most dishes.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: In Cantonese cuisine, ingredients such as sugar, salt, soy sauce, rice wine, corn starch, vinegar, scallion and sesame oil suffice to enhance flavour, although garlic is heavily used in some dishes, especially those in which internal organs, such as entrails, may emit unpleasant odours. Ginger, chili peppers, five-spice powder, powdered black pepper, star anise and a few other spices are also used, but often sparingly.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Although Cantonese cooks pay much attention to the freshness of their primary ingredients, Cantonese cuisine also uses a long list of preserved food items to add flavour to a dish. This may be influenced by Hakka cuisine, since the Hakkas were once a dominant group occupying imperial Hong Kong and other southern territories.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Some items gain very intense flavours during the drying/preservation/oxidation process and some foods are preserved to increase their shelf life. Some chefs combine both dried and fresh varieties of the same items in a dish. Dried items are usually soaked in water to rehydrate before cooking. These ingredients are generally not served "a la carte", but rather with vegetables or other Cantonese dishes.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: A number of dishes have been part of Cantonese cuisine since the earliest territorial establishments of Guangdong. While many of these are on the menus of typical Cantonese restaurants, some simpler ones are more commonly found in Cantonese homes. Home-made Cantonese dishes are usually served with plain white rice.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: There are a small number of deep-fried dishes in Cantonese cuisine, which can often be found as street food. They have been extensively documented in colonial Hong Kong records of the 19th and 20th centuries. A few are synonymous with Cantonese breakfast and lunch, even though these are also part of other cuisines.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Old fire soup, or "lou fo tong" (), is a clear broth prepared by simmering meat and other ingredients over a low heat for several hours. Chinese herbs are often used as ingredients. There are basically two ways to make old fire soup – put ingredients and water in the pot and heat it directly on fire, which is called "bou tong" (); or put the ingredients in a small stew pot, and put it in a bigger pot filled with water, then heat the bigger pot on fire directly, which is called "dun tong" (). The latter way can keep the most original taste of the soup.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Soup chain stores or delivery outlets in cities with significant Cantonese populations, such as Hong Kong, serve this dish due to the long preparation time required of slow-simmered soup.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Due to Guangdong's location along the South China Sea coast, fresh seafood is prominent in Cantonese cuisine, and many Cantonese restaurants keep aquariums or seafood tanks on the premises. In Cantonese cuisine, as in cuisines from other parts of Asia, if seafood has a repugnant odour, strong spices and marinating juices are added; the freshest seafood is odourless and, in Cantonese culinary arts, is best cooked by steaming. For instance, in some recipes, only a small amount of soy sauce, ginger and spring onion is added to steamed fish. In Cantonese cuisine, the light seasoning is used only to bring out the natural sweetness of the seafood. As a rule of thumb, the spiciness of a dish is usually negatively correlated to the freshness of the ingredients.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Noodles are served either in soup broth or fried. These are available as home-cooked meals, on dim sum side menus, or as street food at dai pai dongs, where they can be served with a variety of toppings such as fish balls, beef balls, or fish slices.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: "Siu mei" () is essentially the Chinese rotisserie style of cooking. Unlike most other Cantonese dishes, "siu mei" solely consists of meat, with no vegetables.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Lou mei () is the name given to dishes made from internal organs, entrails and other left-over parts of animals. It is widely available in southern Chinese regions.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: All Cantonese-style cooked meats, including siu mei, lou mei and preserved meat can be classified as siu laap (). "Siu laap" also includes dishes such as:


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: A typical dish may consist of offal and half an order of multiple varieties of roasted meat. The majority of siu laap is white meat.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Little pot rice () are dishes cooked and served in a flat-bottomed pot (as opposed to a round-bottomed wok). Usually this is a saucepan or braising pan (see clay pot cooking). Such dishes are cooked by covering and steaming, making the rice and ingredients very hot and soft. Usually the ingredients are layered on top of the rice with little or no mixing in between. Many standard combinations exist.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: A number of dishes are traditionally served in Cantonese restaurants only at dinner time. Dim sum restaurants stop serving bamboo-basket dishes after the yum cha period (equivalent to afternoon tea) and begin offering an entirely different menu in the evening. Some dishes are standard while others are regional. Some are customised for special purposes such as Chinese marriages or banquets. Salt and pepper dishes are one of the few spicy dishes.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: After the evening meal, most Cantonese restaurants offer "tong sui" (), a sweet soup. Many varieties of "tong sui" are also found in other Chinese cuisines. Some desserts are traditional, while others are recent innovations. The more expensive restaurants usually offer their specialty desserts. Sugar water is the general name of dessert in Guangdong province. It is cooked by adding water and sugar to some other cooking ingredients.


title: Cantonese cuisine

text: Certain Cantonese delicacies consist of parts taken from rare or endangered animals, which raises controversy over animal rights and environmental issues. This is often due to alleged health benefits of certain animal products. For example, the continued spreading of the idea that shark cartilage can cure cancer has led to decreased shark populations even though scientific research has found no evidence to support the credibility of shark cartilage as a cancer cure.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: Jeffrey Adam Gutt (born May 2, 1976) is an American singer and songwriter who has been the lead vocalist for Stone Temple Pilots since November 2017. He is also the former lead vocalist for the nu metal band Dry Cell.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: Gutt has appeared in two seasons of the American reality television series "The X Factor". He first appeared in season 2 (2012) when he drew international acclaim for his heartfelt rendition of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah", before being eliminated in the following "Boot Camp" episode. Gutt competed in Season 3 (2013) of "The X Factor USA", finishing in second place. In 2014, he was dubbed as one of the most "influential" "X Factor USA" contestants of all time by FoxWeekly.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: Gutt's family resided in St. Clair County, located in southeast Michigan, throughout most of his childhood years. He attended schools in both Algonac and Marine City, graduating from Marine City High School in 1994.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: Gutt's prominent band during his high school years was Innerfaith. He was the frontman of Innerfaith, which he formed with friends Matt Brooks on bass, Jeff Sankuer on drums, and guitarist Patrick Sankuer. Innerfaith wrote and performed original songs, ultimately winning the "Blue Water Area Battle of the Bands" in Marysville, Michigan.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In 2012, two early extended plays featuring Gutt on vocals were made downloadable for free through his official site: a three-track "1992–1995" compilation (named "Nautical Star" by fans for its cover) and a four-track "Dragonfly" (1997). The latter was recorded by Gutt with the band of the same name which featured Steve Mazur of Our Lady Peace on guitar. Lyrics from the Dragonfly song "Sugarpill" were later used for a Dry Cell song "New Revolution".


title: Jeff Gutt

text: Gutt became the lead vocalist for Dry Cell by joining the rock band Beyond Control which consisted of members Danny Hartwell, Judd Gruenbaum, and Brandon Brown. The band released a studio album titled "Disconnected" in 2002. Gutt left the band in 2004 and Dave Wasierski replaced him as lead vocalist. Gutt rejoined Dry Cell in 2005.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: The band went on a brief hiatus from 2005 to 2007, but in 2008 reunited with same members. In 2009 Gutt left Dry Cell for good.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In early 2010 a compilation "The Dry Cell Collection" was released. It contains previously released demos from 2003, 2005 and 2008, B-sides from "Disconnected" and one previously unreleased song, "So Alive". The band had no news on their MySpace page since 2010. In 2012, it was said on Gutt's official website that Dry Cell is now defunct.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In 2005 (when Dry Cell went on hiatus), Gutt and his friend, guitarist Gary Pittel, formed Band with No Name (abbreviated as BWNN). The band also included Aaron Hutchinson (drums), Justin "Antic" Hackman (keyboards), Mike Guy and later Ben Lula (bass). In 2007, BWNN released a five-track self-titled EP. In 2008, they won 89X & TNTs Battle of the Bands in Michigan and received $10,000 and studio time to record a new EP. Seven new songs were recorded, and a full-length album named "Humanity" was released in 2009. In 2013, it was re-released under Gutt's name on iTunes and included the song "Stay", which was previously known as the album's B-side.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In January 2014, Gutt revealed members of his new alternative rock band Rival City Heights: BWNN/Punch bandmate Gary Pittel (guitar), ex-Dry Cell bandmate Brandon Brown (drums), Cyamak Ashtiani (guitar) and KC Jenkins (bass).


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In late 2015, Rival City Heights toured the Middle East (Jordan,Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon) and India for a series of concerts in association with the Princess Alia Foundation.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: On February 19, 2016, Rival City Heights released the debut single "Take It Back" and from February to March 2016, played a tour with Trapt to promote it. Before the tour Brandon Brown left the band and was replaced with Evanescence's Will Hunt on drums. On November 29, 2016, it was announced that Gary Pittel and Cyamak Ashtiani left the band, Gene Lenardo (ex-Filter, Device) was to take guitar duties, and that Rival City Heights was renamed to Rival City.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: On October 31, 2016, Rival City released "Fading Out / What's Going On", a double single produced by Kevin Churko.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: On November 16, 2016, "Entertainment Tonight" reported that Stone Temple Pilots had recruited Gutt to be their new lead singer, replacing Chester Bennington, who had left the band one year earlier. The following day, however, a representative for the band denied this rumor, saying that "the band has been rehearsing with several singers over the past few weeks" and "they haven't made a decision yet." Almost a year later, on November 14, 2017, Stone Temple Pilots officially announced Gutt as their new lead singer, and played their first concert with him that same night at the Troubadour in Los Angeles. Gutt's first single with the band is "Meadow". Founding member Dean DeLeo said: "We wanted someone who would not only do our earlier songs justice, but would also write new songs and carve out a different path forward with us. It took some time, but we found our guy."


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In 2012, Gutt auditioned for the second season of the American singing competition series "The X Factor". In an episode broadcast on September 20, 2012, Gutt sang "Hallelujah", a cover of Leonard Cohen, getting unanimous four "yes"es from the judges Simon Cowell, Britney Spears, Demi Lovato and L.A. Reid. However, he could not make it past the "bootcamp" stage and was eliminated before the live shows. Several weeks later, Cowell stated to "Access Hollywood" that one regret he had was sending Gutt home early.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: On March 29, 2013, Gutt released a music video for his debut solo single "Hallelujah" through vimeo. Gutt's bandmates from BWNN are also shown in the video. On April 28, 2013, the single was released on iTunes.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In 2013, he returned once again with the third season of the competition. He auditioned with the song "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" from Aerosmith. After the judges objected, he was offered a second song, "Creep" from Radiohead. Based on that performance, he was put in the Final 40, and one of ten finalists in the "Over 25" category mentored by Kelly Rowland.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: In the newly introduced "four-chair challenge", Gutt sang "Amazing Grace" and was selected as a Final 16 candidate and one of four in the "Over 25" category.


title: Jeff Gutt

text: Ultimately, Gutt was the runner-up for "The X Factor" season 3, finishing second place to Alex & Sierra in a razor-thin margin of votes from American viewers.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectric charging) is a type of contact electrification on which certain materials become electrically charged after they are separated from a different material with which they were in contact. Rubbing the two materials with each other increases the contact between their surfaces, and hence the triboelectric effect. Rubbing glass with fur for example, or a plastic comb through the hair, can build up triboelectricity. Most everyday static electricity is triboelectric. The polarity and strength of the charges produced differ according to the materials, surface roughness, temperature, strain, and other properties.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: The triboelectric effect is very unpredictable, and only broad generalizations can be made. Amber, for example, can acquire an electric charge by contact and separation (or friction) with a material like wool. This property was first recorded by Thales of Miletus. The word "electricity" is derived from William Gilbert's initial coinage, "electra", which originates in the Greek word for amber, '. The prefix ' (Greek for ‘rub’) refers to ‘friction’, as in tribology. Other examples of materials that can acquire a significant charge when rubbed together include glass rubbed with silk, and hard rubber rubbed with fur.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: A very familiar example could be the rubbing of a plastic pen on a sleeve of almost any typical material like cotton, wool, polyester, or blended fabric used in modern clothing. Such an electrified pen would readily attract and pick up pieces of paper less than a square centimeter when the pen approaches. Also, such a pen will repel a similarly electrified pen. This repulsion is readily detectable in the sensitive setup of hanging both pens on threads and setting them nearby one another. Such experiments readily lead to the theory of two types of quantifiable electric charge, one being effectively the negative of the other, with a simple sum respecting signs giving the total charge. The electrostatic attraction of the charged plastic pen to neutral uncharged pieces of paper (for example) is due to temporary charge separation (electric polarisation or dipole moment) of electric charges within the paper (or perhaps alignments of permanent molecular or atomic electric dipoles). A net force then arises as the slightly nearer charges of the dipole get attracted more strongly in the nonuniform field from the pen which diminishes with distance. In a uniform electric field, for example inside parallel capacitor plates, temporary polarisation would occur in the small pieces of paper but with zero net attraction.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: The triboelectric effect is now considered to be related to the phenomenon of adhesion, where two materials composed of different molecules tend to stick together because of attraction between the different molecules. While adhesion is not a chemical bond between atoms, there is an exchange of electrons between the different types of molecules, resulting in an electrostatic attraction between the molecules that holds them together. Physical separation of materials that are adhered together results in friction between the materials. Because the electron transfer between molecules in the different materials is not immediately reversible, the excess electrons in one type of molecule remain left behind, while a deficit of electrons occurs in the other. Thus, a material can develop a positive or negative charge (see also static electricity) that dissipates after the materials separate.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: The mechanisms of triboelectrification (or contact-electrification) have been debated for many years, with possible mechanisms including electron transfer, ion transfer or the material's species transfer. Recent studies in 2018 using Kelvin probe microscopy and triboelectric nanogenerators revealed that electron transfer is the dominant mechanism for triboelectrification between solid and solid. The work function model can be used to explain electron transfer between a metal and a dielectric. The surface states model can be used to explain electron transfer between two dielectrics. For a general case, since triboelectrification occurs for any material, a generic model has been proposed by Wang, in which the electron transfer is caused by a strong electron cloud overlap between two atoms for the lowered interatomic potential barrier by shortening the bonding length. Based on the model, the effects of temperature and photo excitation on the triboelectrification were investigated. Such model can be further extended to the cases of liquid-solid, liquid-liquid and even gas-liquid.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: A triboelectric series is a list of materials, ordered by certain relevant properties, such as how quickly a material develops a charge relative to other materials on the list. Johan Carl Wilcke published the first one in a 1757 paper on static charges. Materials are often listed in order of the polarity of charge separation when they are touched with another object. A material towards the bottom of the series, when touched to a material near the top of the series, will acquire a more negative charge. The farther away two materials are from each other on the series, the greater the charge transferred. Materials near to each other on the series may not exchange any charge, or may even exchange the opposite of what is implied by the list. This can be caused by rubbing, by contaminants or oxides, or other variables. The series was further expanded by Shaw and Henniker by including natural and synthetic polymers, and showed the alteration in the sequence depending on surface and environmental conditions. Lists vary somewhat as to the exact order of some materials, since the relative charge varies for nearby materials. From actual tests, there is little or no measurable difference in charge affinity between metals, probably because the rapid motion of conduction electrons cancels such differences.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Another triboelectric series based on measuring the triboelectric charge density of materials was quantitatively standardized by Prof. Zhong Lin Wang's group. The triboelectric charge density of the tested materials was measured with respect to liquid mercury in a glove box under well-defined conditions, with fixed temperature, pressure and humidity to achieve reliable values. The proposed method standardizes the experimental set up for uniformly quantifying the surface triboelectrification of general materials.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Although the part 'tribo-' comes from the Greek for "rubbing", "τρίβω" (τριβή: friction), the two materials only need to come into contact for electrons to be exchanged. After coming into contact, a chemical bond is formed between parts of the two surfaces, called adhesion, and charges move from one material to the other to equalize their electrochemical potential. This is what creates the net charge imbalance between the objects. When separated, some of the bonded atoms have a tendency to keep extra electrons, and some a tendency to give them away, though the imbalance will be partially destroyed by tunneling or electrical breakdown (usually corona discharge). In addition, some materials may exchange ions of differing mobility, or exchange charged fragments of larger molecules.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: The triboelectric effect is related to friction only because they both involve adhesion. However, the effect is greatly enhanced by rubbing the materials together, as they touch and separate many times.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: For surfaces with differing geometry, rubbing may also lead to heating of protrusions, causing pyroelectric charge separation which may add to the existing contact electrification, or which may oppose the existing polarity. Surface nano-effects are not well understood, and the atomic force microscope has enabled rapid progress in this field of physics.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Because the surface of the material is now electrically charged, either negatively or positively, any contact with an uncharged conductive object or with an object having substantially different charge may cause an electrical discharge of the built-up static electricity: a spark. A person simply walking across a carpet, removing a nylon shirt or rubbing against a car seat can also create a potential difference of many thousands of volts, which is enough to cause a spark one millimeter long or more.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Electrostatic discharge may not be evident in humid climates because surface condensation normally prevents triboelectric charging, while increased humidity increases the electrical conductivity of the air.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Electrostatic discharges (other than lightning which comes from triboelectric charging of ice and water droplets within clouds) cause minimal harm because the energy (VC) of the spark is very small, being typically several tens of micro joules in cold dry weather, and much less than that in humid conditions; however, such sparks can ignite flammable vapors (see risks and counter-measures). This is not the case when the capacitance of one of the objects is very large.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Interatomic interaction potential can be applied to understand the interactions between atoms. When two atoms are at equilibrium positions, with an equilibrium interatomic distance, the electron clouds or wave functions are overlapped partially. On one hand, if the two atoms get close to each other as pressed by an external force, the interatomic distance becomes shorter than the equilibrium distance, the two atoms thus repel each other because of the increase in electron cloud overlap. It is in this region that electron transfer occurs. On the other hand, if the two atoms are separated from each other such that they have a larger interatomic distance than the equilibrium distance, they will attract with each other due to long-range Van der Waals interaction.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: An atomic-scale charge transfer mechanism (generic electron-cloud-potential model) was proposed for the triboelectrification. First, before the atomic-scale contact of two materials, there is no overlap between their electron clouds, and an attractive force exists. The electrons are so tightly bound in specific orbits so that they cannot escape freely. Then, when the two atoms in two materials get close to contact, an ionic or covalent bond is formed between them by the electron cloud overlap. An external force can further decrease the interatomic distance (bond length), and the strong electron cloud overlap induces the drop of the energy barrier between the two, resulting in electron transfer, which is the triboelectrification process. Once the two atoms are separated, the transferred electrons would remain because an energy is needed for the electrons to transfer back, forming the electrostatic charges on surfaces of the materials.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Aircraft flying in weather will develop a static charge from air friction on the airframe. The static can be discharged with static dischargers or static wicks.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: NASA follows what they call the "triboelectrification rule" whereby they will cancel a launch if the launch vehicle is predicted to pass through certain types of clouds. Flying through high-level clouds can generate "P-static" (P for precipitation), which can create static around the launch vehicle that will interfere with radio signals sent by or to the vehicle. This may prevent transmitting of telemetry to the ground or, if the need arises, sending a signal to the vehicle, particularly critical signals for the flight termination system. When a hold is put in place due to the triboelectrification rule, it remains until Space Wing and observer personnel, such as those in reconnaissance aircraft, indicate that the skies are clear.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: The effect is of considerable industrial importance in terms of both safety and potential damage to manufactured goods. Static discharge is a particular hazard in grain elevators owing to the danger of a dust explosion. The spark produced is fully able to ignite flammable vapours, for example, petrol, ether fumes as well as methane gas. For bulk fuel deliveries and aircraft fueling a grounding connection is made between the vehicle and the receiving tank prior to opening the tanks. When fueling vehicles at a retail station touching metal on the car before opening the gas tank or touching the nozzle may decrease one's risk of static ignition of fuel vapors.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Means have to be provided to discharge static from carts which may carry volatile liquids, flammable gasses, or oxygen in hospitals. Even where only a small charge is produced, it can result in dust particles being attracted to the rubbed surface. In the case of textile manufacture this can lead to a permanent grimy mark where the cloth comes in contact with dust accumulations held by a static charge. Dust attraction may be reduced by treating insulating surfaces with an antistatic cleaning agent.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Some electronic devices, most notably CMOS integrated circuits and MOSFETs (a type of transistor), can be accidentally destroyed by high-voltage static discharge. Such components are usually stored in a conductive foam for protection. Grounding oneself by touching the workbench, or using a special bracelet or anklet is standard practice while handling unconnected integrated circuits. Another way of dissipating charge is by using conducting materials such as carbon black loaded rubber mats in operating theatres, for example.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Devices containing sensitive components must be protected during normal use, installation, and disconnection, accomplished by designed-in protection at external connections where needed. Protection may be through the use of more robust devices or protective countermeasures at the device's external interfaces. These may be opto-isolators, less sensitive types of transistors, and static bypass devices such as metal oxide varistors.


title: Triboelectric effect

text: Within medical cable assemblies and lead wires, random triboelectric noise is generated when the various conductors, insulation, and fillers rub against each other as the cable is flexed during movement. Noise generated within a cable is often called handling noise or cable noise, but this type of unwanted signal is more accurately described as triboelectric noise. When measuring low-level signals, noise in cable or wire may be problematic. For example, the noise in an ECG or another medical signal may make accurate diagnosis difficult or even impossible. Keeping triboelectric noise at acceptable levels requires careful material selection, design, and processing as cable material is manufactured.


title: Salaryman

text: In Japan, a is a salaried worker. In Japanese popular culture, this is embodied by a white-collar worker who shows overriding loyalty and commitment to the corporation where he works.


title: Salaryman

text: Salarymen are expected to work long hours, to put in additional overtime, to participate in after-work leisure activities such as drinking, singing karaoke and visiting hostess bars with colleagues, and to value work over all else. The salaryman typically enters a company after graduating from college and stays with that corporation for the duration of his career.


title: Salaryman

text: Other popular notions surrounding salarymen include karōshi, or death from overwork. In conservative Japanese culture, becoming a salaryman is the expected career choice for young men and those who do not take this career path are regarded as living with a stigma and less prestige. On the other hand, the word "salaryman" is sometimes used with derogatory connotation for his total dependence on his employer and lack of individuality.


title: Salaryman

text: The word "sararīman" is often described as "wasei-eigo", a Japanese formation from English loanwords, but it appears to instead be a straight borrowing from the English phrase "salaried man", which predates the Japanese term by nearly a century. The Japanese term saw widespread use by 1930, even before government expansion and militarization drove the growth of white-collar employment. The term does not include all workers who receive a set salary, but only "white-collar workers in the large bureaucracy of a business firm or government office." The term includes those who work for government (e.g., bureaucrats) and major companies (e.g., those listed in Nikkei 225). Workers in the mizu shōbai (nightlife) and entertainment industries (including actors and singers) are not included even though their income may be salary based. Similarly, doctors, engineers, lawyers, accountants, musicians, artists, politicians, freelancers and corporate executives are also excluded.


title: Salaryman

text: A typical description of the salaryman is a male white-collar employee who typically earns his salary "based on individual abilities rather than on seniority." Salarymen are known for working many hours, sometimes over eighty hours per week. Oftentimes, because of his busy work schedule, the salaryman does not have time to raise a family and his work becomes a lifelong commitment. Companies typically hire the salarymen straight out of high school, and they are expected to stay with the company until retirement, around the time they reach the age between 55 and 60. As a reward for the demonstration of their loyalty, companies rarely fire the salarymen unless it is under special "dire" circumstances. There is also a belief that the "amount of time spent at the workplace correlates to the perceived efficiency of the employee." As a result of this intense work-driven lifestyle, salarymen may be more likely to suffer from mental or physical health problems, including heart failure or suicide.


title: Salaryman

text: The prevalence of salarymen in Japanese society has given birth to many depictions by both the Japanese and American media. Some films in Japan about salarymen include "Mr. Salaryman", "Japanese Salaryman NEO" (based on the TV series), and a drama series entitled "History of a Salaryman". There is a certain expectation among the middle and upper classes for Japanese people to become salarymen. For many young Japanese men, accepting anything less than becoming a salaryman and conforming to its ideal is considered a failure, not only of him, but of his parents.


title: Salaryman

text: The life of a salaryman revolves around work. The activities that he does outside of work typically involve his coworkers, which lessens the distance between him and work. Due to this expectation, there have been a variety of derogatory names given to salarymen: ("shachiku", literally "corporate livestock" in reference to wage slavery), ("kaisha no inu" or "company's dog"), and ("kigyou senshi" or "corporate soldier"), to ridicule salarymen.


title: Salaryman

text: Changing social circumstances have greatly diversified the life of the salaryman outside of work. Though the importance of social drinking has not declined, its image has changed over time from mass partying during the economic bubble to conservative consumption at home after the collapse of the economy during the 1990s. Mahjong was an immensely popular game among the 1960s generation of salarymen, who brought the game into company circles directly from high school and college groups. The 1970s generation saw a gradual decrease in the number of avid mahjong players, and by the 1980s, it became common to not show any interest at all.


title: Salaryman

text: Golf became widely popular during the economic bubble, when golf club passes became useful tools for currying favor with corporate executives. Many mid-level salarymen were pressured into taking up golf to participate in golfing events with their superiors. The collapse of the economic bubble led to the closing of many golf courses, and the ritual of playing golf with executives has become increasingly rare. However, some current salarymen may have golfing experience from their student days, and golf is still acknowledged as an expensive hobby for salarymen.


title: Salaryman

text: Extreme pressure on salarymen can lead to death by overwork, or "karōshi". Salarymen feel intense pressure to fulfill their duty to support their family because of the gendered expectations placed on men. According to a "Washington Post" article, the Japanese government attempted for years to set a limit to the number of hours one can work, and the issue has been prevalent since the 1970s. In 2014, after 30 years of activism, Japan's parliament (the Japanese Diet) passed a law "promoting countermeasures against karōshi."


title: Salaryman

text: However, many Japanese still criticize the government and believe there should be laws and penalties for companies that violate work hour laws. Approximately 2000 applications are filed by the families of salarymen that die of karōshi. However, the death toll may be much higher, and "as many as 8000 of the 30,000 annual suicides each year are thought to be work-related," with "as many as 10,000 non-suicide karōshi deaths per year."


title: Salaryman

text: Karōshi, literally "overwork death," was first diagnosed as a "circulatory disease brought on by stress" in the late 1970s after the 1973 oil crisis, which took a toll on the post-war reconstruction of Japanese industry. Since then, the number of deaths from overwork has increased, especially at larger and more prestigious companies. In 2002, Kenichi Uchino, a 30-year-old quality-control manager at Toyota, collapsed and died after working over 80 hours unpaid overtime for six months. After this incident, Toyota announced it would begin monitoring their workers' health and pay for all of their overtime hours.


title: Temple (anatomy)

text: The temple is a latch where four skull bones fuse: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid. It is located on the side of the head behind the eye between the forehead and the ear. The temporal muscle covers this area and is used during mastication.


title: Temple (anatomy)

text: Cladists classify land vertebrates based on the presence of an upper hole, a lower hole, both, or neither in the cover of dermal bone that formerly covered the temporalis muscle, whose origin is the temple and whose insertion is the jaw. The brain has a lobe called the temporal lobe.