title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: Davey finds Whitey at the All-Star Banquet, an annual town celebration in which one member of the community is recognized for positive contributions to Dukesberry with the "Dukesberry All-Star Patch", which Whitey has wanted for 35 years. When Whitey is passed over for seemingly the final time, with the award being given to the hook-handed Tom Baltezor, he decides to move to Florida and live the rest of his life in anonymity, feeling like he's no longer wanted. Risking arrest, Davey enters the hall and sings of Whitey's many selfless contributions to Dukesberry throughout his life, causing the townspeople to realize the error of their ways ("Bum Biddy"). Davey leads them to Whitey, who has gone to the mall with Eleanore to "speak to it" one more time. The townspeople thank Whitey for his service over the years, and the Mayor officially grants him the Patch Award. All 34 previous recipients of the awards give theirs to Whitey.


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: Davey and Jennifer reconcile, and Whitey goes into a seizure which he calls "the happiest seizure of my life!"


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: The film was animated by several studios, including Anvil Studios, A. Film A/S, Bardel Entertainment, Goldenbell Animation, Marina Motion Animation, Spaff Animation, Tama Production, Time Lapse Pictures, Warner Bros. Animation, Y. R. Studio, and Yowza! Animation. It was the only animated film that Adam Sandler worked on until "Hotel Transylvania" in 2012, and remains the only traditionally-animated film to have his involvement.


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: Seth Kearsley revealed in an email to Doug Walker ("The Nostalgia Critic") that certain elements of the movie that were notorious, specifically the feces-eating deer scene and even Whitey's voice (which was originally more higher-pitched and annoying), were intended to be cut, but were kept due to "focus groups" who had seen the film (who lowered Whitey's voice down), as well as the fact that the product placements were used without permission.


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: "Eight Crazy Nights" came in at fifth place on its opening weekend among U.S. box office, making only $14 million since its Wednesday launch. It only grossed a total of $23.6 million in North America and negligible foreign box office receipts, for a total of only $23.8 million worldwide. This made "Eight Crazy Nights" become a box office bomb, losing an approximate at lowest $10.5 million to up to $44.6 million.


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: It was released on VHS and single- and two-disc edition DVD on November 4, 2003. The two-disc "special edition" features deleted scenes, several audio commentaries, and Sandler's short film "A Day with the Meatball", among other special features. A Blu-ray version of the film was released on December 13, 2016.


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, "Eight Crazy Nights" has an approval rating of 12% based on reviews from 109 critics and an average score of 3.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Sandler returns to his roots in this nauseating concoction filled with potty humor and product placements." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 23% based on reviews from 27 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four possible stars and criticized the film's dour tone, saying that "The holidays aren't very cheerful in Sandlerville." Matthew Rozsa of "Salon" called it the best known Hanukkah film despite its poor quality. William Thomas of "Empire Magazine" gave the film a one out of five stars, saying, "File under 'What the hell were they thinking?'. With this, and Mr. Deeds, Sandler's pulled off quite the combo. Avoid like the plague."


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: Sandler won a 2003 Kids' Choice Award for "Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie". Sandler was nominated twice for the 2002 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor for his performances in both "Eight Crazy Nights" and "Mr. Deeds".


title: Eight Crazy Nights

text: The soundtrack of the film was released on November 27, 2002 by Columbia/Sony Music Soundtrax. The soundtrack contains every song in the film, including the new installment of "The Chanukah Song" and a deleted song, called "At the Mall", sung by Whitey as he strolls through the mall in an alternate opening, which is included in the DVD release. The soundtrack was pressed onto vinyl in 2021 for the "Vinyl Me, Please" record club.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is a congressionally chartered, federally supported non-profit corporation that serves as the official civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). CAP is a volunteer organization with an aviation-minded membership that includes people from all backgrounds, lifestyles, and occupations. The program is established as an organization by Title 10 of the United States Code and its purposes defined by Title 36.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Membership in the organization consists of cadets ranging from 12 to just under 21 years of age, and senior members 18 years of age and up. These two groups each have the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of pursuits; the cadet program contributes to the development of the former group with a structured syllabus and an organization based upon United States Air Force ranks, while the older members serve as instructors, supervisors, and operators. Most members wear uniforms while performing their duties, however there is a category of Aerospace Education Member available to educators. These AEM's do not wear uniforms or attend meetings, but do take advantage of professionally generated textbooks, lesson plans and other CAP provided resources, in their capacity as educators.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Nationwide, CAP is a major operator of single-engine general aviation aircraft used in the execution of its various missions, including orientation flights for cadets and the provision of significant emergency services capabilities. Because of these extensive flying opportunities, many CAP members become licensed pilots.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The hierarchical and military auxiliary organization is headed by the National Headquarters (with authority over the national organization) followed by eight regional commands and 52 wings (each of the 50 states plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico). Each wing supervises the individual groups and squadrons that comprise the basic operational unit of the organization.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol was conceived in the late 1930s by aviation advocate Gill Robb Wilson, who foresaw general aviation's potential to supplement America's military operations. With the help of New York Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia, in his capacity as then-Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, CAP was created with , signed by LaGuardia on 1 December 1941 and published 8 December 1941. Civil Air Patrol had 90 days to prove itself to Congress. Major General John F. Curry was appointed as the first national commander. Texas oilman David Harold Byrd was a co-founder of CAP.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: During World War II, CAP was seen as a way to use America's civilian aviation resources to aid the war effort instead of grounding them. The organization assumed many missions, including anti-submarine patrol and warfare, border patrols, and courier services. During World War II, CAP's coastal patrol reportedly flew 24 million miles and sighted 173 enemy U-boats, dropping a total of 82 bombs and depth charges during the conflict. Two submarines were reportedly destroyed by CAP aircraft, but later research found there was no basis for this claim. By the end of the war, 68 CAP members had lost their lives in the line of duty.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: With the passing of the National Security Act of 1947, and creation of the United States Air Force, the CAP became the auxiliary of the USAF in 1948, and its incorporating charter declared that it would never again be involved in direct combat activities, but would be of a benevolent nature. The "supervisory" USAF organization overseeing CAP has changed several times. This has included the former Continental Air Command in 1959, the former Headquarters Command, USAF in 1968, to the Air University (AU) in 1976. Following Air University's reassignment as a subordinate command to the Air Education and Training Command (AETC) in 1993, USAF oversight of CAP has flowed from AETC at the 4-star level, to AU at the 3-star level, to AU's Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development at the 1-star level, to a subordinate unit of 1st Air Force at the 3-star level with Civil Air Patrol–U.S. Air Force as a stand-alone unit lead at the Colonel (O-6) level. Since its incorporation charter, CAP has maintained its relationship with the USAF, and has continued its three congressionally mandated missions.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: On 14 June 2011, Civil Air Patrol was awarded the Roving Ambassador of Peace by the World Peace Prize Awarding Council for its positive impact in American communities, its lifesaving efforts, and for "preserving liberty for all". During the 113th United States Congress, both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives voted to pass a bill that would award the Congressional Gold Medal to the World War II members of Civil Air Patrol. The medal would be presented "in recognition of their military service and exemplary record during World War II."


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: In October 2021, Civil Air Patrol was awarded the Master's Trophy for the North America Region for that year by the Honourable Company of Air Pilots. The award citation noted the auxilary's service during the COVID-19 pandemic and disaster relief response to Hurricane Ida.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Although a civilian organization, Civil Air Patrol is organized along military lines, with a streamlined and strictly hierarchical chain of command and a rank system patterned on that of the U.S. Air Force. There are several distinct echelons in its structure: National Headquarters, regions, wings, squadrons and flights. An additional group echelon may be placed between a wing and its squadrons and flights, at the wing commander's discretion.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The volunteer leadership of the CAP consists of the National Commanders of the Civil Air Patrol and his staff, comprising a Vice National Commander, a chief of staff, a national legal officer, a national comptroller, the chief of the CAP Chaplain Service, and the CAP inspector general. The national commander holds the grade of CAP major general, the national vice commander holds the grade of CAP brigadier general. The rest of the national commander's staff hold the grade of CAP colonel.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP is governed by a board of governors, established by federal law in 2001 and consisting of 11 members: four Civil Air Patrol members (currently the national commander, national vice commander, and two members-at-large appointed by the CAP National Executive Committee), four U.S. Air Force representatives appointed by the United States Secretary of the Air Force, and three members from the aviation community jointly appointed by the CAP national commander and the Secretary of the Air Force. The board of governors generally meets two or three times annually and primarily provides strategic vision and guidance to the volunteer leadership and corporate staff.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP National Headquarters is located at Maxwell Air Force Base outside Montgomery, Alabama. The headquarters employs a professional staff of over 100 and is led by the CAP executive director (analogous to a corporate chief operating officer), who reports to the board of governors. The national headquarters staff provides program management for the organization and membership support for the 1,700-plus volunteer field units across the United States.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Headquarters Civil Air Patrol-U.S. Air Force (CAP-USAF) is an active-duty U.S. Air Force unit that operates under the joint jurisdiction of CAP National Headquarters and the U.S. Air Force Air Combat Command, First Air Force. Commanded by an aeronautically-rated Air Force colonel, Headquarters CAP-USAF consists of approximately 75 active-duty Air Force, United States Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, and civilian U.S. Air Force personnel; all of the Air Force civil service personnel at CAP-USAF also are CAP members, and 22 of whom are stationed at National Headquarters, staff CAP-USAF. These members ensure the CAP is organized, trained, and equipped to fulfill Air Force-assigned missions; advise, assist, and oversee Civil Air Patrol's operations; and provide liaison between CAP and the U.S. Air Force and other United States Government agencies. , the commander of CAP-USAF is Colonel Mark A. Wootan, USAF.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Below the national headquarters level there are eight geographic regions and a handful of overseas squadrons at various military installations worldwide. Each region, commanded by a CAP colonel, encompasses several statewide organizations referred to as wings. There are 52 CAP wings, one in each of the 50 U.S. states, one (known as the National Capital Wing) in the District of Columbia, and one in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Each wing has a commander who is a CAP colonel and is the sole corporate officer for that state, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico. Each wing commander oversees a wing headquarters staff made up of experienced volunteer members.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP-USAF assigns active-duty U.S. Air Force personnel to each CAP region and wing to provide liaison for them.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The group is an optional level of command in the CAP below that of wing. A wing commander may form a group within his or her wing when he or she deems a geographic area or the number of subordinate units to be too large for effective control by the wing alone. If a CAP group is formed, it must include no fewer than five squadrons.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Local units are called squadrons. Squadrons are the main functioning bodies and primary operational commands in the CAP. Reporting directly to the wing, or to a group if the wing commander chooses to form one or more groups, squadrons have the responsibility to carry out plans and programs formulated by higher echeclons of the CAP.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol squadrons are designated as either cadet, senior, or composite squadrons. A CAP composite squadron consists of both cadets and senior members, who may be involved in any of the three missions of Civil Air Patrol. Composite squadrons have two deputy commanders to assist the squadron commander: a Deputy Commander for Seniors and a Deputy Commander for Cadets. A senior squadron includes only senior members, who participate in the emergency services or aerospace education missions of Civil Air Patrol. A cadet squadron is largely made up of cadets, with a small number of senior members as necessary for supervision of cadets and the proper execution of the cadet program. Overseas squadrons operate independently of this structure, reporting directly to the National Headquarters.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The lowest level of CAP organization is the flight. Flights are temporary units, usually formed in remote areas in which there are too few CAP personnel to form a squadron, but with a goal of forming a new squadron as quickly as possible by recruiting additional CAP members locally to increasing its membership. A flight may consist of no more than 14 CAP members. It may be formed by as few at eight CAP senior members, but if a flight is formed by a mix of senior members and cadets, at least three of the flight's personnel must be senior members. A wing commander may direct a flight to report to a squadron, directly to a group, or directly to the wing itself.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: A CAP flight is a semi-independent unit that is used mainly as a stepping-stone for a new unit until they are large enough to be designated a squadron. Due to their transitory nature, there are very few flights within the CAP structure at any one time. A flight will be assigned to a squadron "parent", and it is the job of the flight and squadron commanders to work together to build the flight into a full and independent squadron. Flights are also used as temporary units within a squadron. These flights are dismissed after the activity or meeting they were created for. A flight within a squadron is assigned a letter, so a flight could be designated "Charlie Flight, Thunderbolt Squadron", for example. In larger squadrons, flights are permanent subunits and cadets are assigned to them.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The organization condenses these mandates into three core program areas, which are aerospace education, cadet programs, and emergency services.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol covers several emergency services areas. The principal categories include search and rescue missions, disaster relief, humanitarian services, and United States Air Force support. Other services, such as homeland security and actions against drug-trafficking operations, are becoming increasingly important. CAP missions are assigned on a case-by-case basis by the AFRCC.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol is well known for its search activities in conjunction with search and rescue (SAR) operations. CAP is involved with approximately three quarters of all aerial inland SAR missions directed by the United States Air Force Rescue Coordination Center at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. Outside of the contiguous United States, CAP directly supports the Joint Rescue Coordination Centers in Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. CAP is credited with saving an average of 100 lives per year.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP is active in disaster relief operations, especially in areas such as Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana that are frequently struck by hurricanes as well as Oklahoma and Texas which are frequented by large, damaging tornadoes. CAP aircrews and ground personnel provide transportation for cargo and officials, aerial imagery to aid emergency managers in assessing damage, and donations of personnel and equipment to local, state and federal disaster relief organizations during times of need. In 2004, several hurricanes hit the southeast coast of the United States, with Florida being the worst damaged; CAP was instrumental in providing help to affected areas.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol conducts humanitarian service missions, usually in support of the Red Cross. CAP aircrews transport time-sensitive medical materials, including blood and human tissue, when other means of transportation (such as ambulances) are not practical or possible. Following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City when all general aviation was grounded, one of the first planes to fly over the World Trade Center site was a CAP aircraft taking photographs.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP performs several missions that are not combat-related in support of the United States Air Force, including damage assessment, transportation of materials, transportation of officials, communications support (as "Highbird" repeaters) and low-altitude route surveys. The CAP fleet is used in training exercises to prepare USAF pilots to intercept enemy aircraft over the Continental United States. Civil Air Patrol aircraft are flown into restricted airspace, where United States Air Force pilots may practice high-speed intercepts.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol also provides non-emergency assistance to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Drug Enforcement Administration, and United States Forest Service in the War on Drugs. In 2005, CAP flew over 12,000 hours in support of this mission and led these agencies to the confiscation of illegal substances valued at over US$400 million. Civil Air Patrol makes extensive use of the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance system, mounted on the Gippsland GA8 Airvan. The system is able to evaluate spectral signatures given off by certain objects, allowing the system to identify, for example, a possible marijuana crop.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: As a humanitarian service organization, CAP assists federal, state and local agencies in preparing for and responding to homeland security needs. The Red Cross, Salvation Army and other civilian agencies frequently request Civil Air Patrol aircraft to transport vital supplies including medical technicians, medication, and other vital supplies. They often rely on CAP to provide airlift and communications for disaster relief operations. CAP also assists the United States Coast Guard and Coast Guard Auxiliary. The Civil Air Patrol routinely drills for emergencies through Search and Rescue exercises (SAREX). CAP also requires members to renew their qualifications for emergency services usually done during SAREXs.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The Aerospace Education Program provides aviation-related education and educational activities for members, including formal, graded courses about all aspects of aviation including flight physics, dynamics, history, and application. Courses covering the space program, and new technologies and advances in aviation and space exploration, are also available. There are several programs for CAP pilots to improve their flying skills and earn Federal Aviation Administration ratings.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The Cadet Program has a mandatory aerospace education program; to progress, a cadet must take several courses and tests relating to aviation. Cadets also have educational opportunities through museum tours, National Cadet Special Activities, military and civilian orientation rides, and guest speakers.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Senior members may study aerospace through the Senior Member Professional Development Program. CAP encourages its senior members to learn about aviation and its history, although this is not mandatory. Those who complete the Aerospace Education Program for Senior Members may earn the Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager Aerospace Education Award.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Through outreach programs, including the External Aerospace Education program, CAP helps school teachers integrate aviation and aerospace into the classroom by providing seminars, and course materials and through sponsorship of the National Congress on Aviation and Space Education. Members also provide their communities with resources for better management of airports and other aviation-related facilities, and promote the benefits of such facilities. The organization also works with other groups, such as the Boy Scouts of America, the Girl Scouts of the USA and 4-H to fulfill the education goal set down in the organization's Congressional charter – to "encourage and foster civil aviation in local communities."


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: , CAP had 56,438 members – 33,165 senior members and 23,273 cadets – in over 1,600 local units in all fifty states; Washington, D.C.; and Puerto Rico, and at numerous overseas United States Air Force installations. CAP members are civilians and are not paid by the United States government for their service. Rather, members are responsible for paying annual membership fees and must pay for their uniforms and other related expenses.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Senior membership is open to all U.S. citizens, and U.S. legal permanent residents aged 18 and over who can pass an FBI background check. There is no upper age limit, nor membership restrictions for physical disabilities, due to the number of different tasks which members may be called on to perform. Cadet membership is open to those aged between 12 and 18 who maintain satisfactory progress in school, as determined by the cadet's unit commander; upon their 18th birthday, cadets may become senior members or remain in the Cadet Program until they are 21.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The Civil Air Patrol motto, to which all members subscribe, is "Semper Vigilans", Latin for "Always Vigilant". All CAP members are also obligated by their service to the organization to abide by its core values: integrity, volunteer service, excellence, and respect.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Senior members are members who joined CAP for the first time past the age of 18, or who are former cadets who transferred to the senior member program, which must happen by the cadet's 21st birthday. Senior members who have not yet turned 21 years are eligible for flight officer grades, which include flight officer, technical flight officer, and senior flight officer, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training. There is no mandatory retirement age for CAP members, and there are no physical requirements for joining. Members may enter retired status after twenty years of service. The only physical requirements senior members must follow are the weight and grooming standards required to wear the United States Air Force-style uniforms. Senior members who do not meet the weight and grooming standards of the United States Air Force may wear alternative uniforms known as CAP Corporate uniforms.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Officer grades up to lieutenant colonel reflect progression in training and organizational seniority, rather than command authority. Because of this, it is not uncommon for senior members commanding groups and squadrons to have members of superior grades serving under them. Current, retired and former members of the United States Armed Forces may be promoted directly to the CAP grade equivalent to their military grade, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training, although some choose to follow the same standards as non-prior-service members. Except for a few exceptional cases, senior members are promoted to the grade of CAP colonel only upon appointment as a Region Commander, responsible for overseeing multiple states, or Wing Commander, responsible for the administration of CAP units across an entire state. Only the vice national commander holds the rank of brigadier general, and only the national commander holds the rank of major general.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Former military enlisted personnel from E-4 up may choose to retain their grade as senior members in the Civil Air Patrol, with grades E-5 (CAP staff sergeant) through E-9 (CAP chief master sergeant) available, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training. Former CAP national commander, Major General Carr, unveiled plans to restructure the CAP NCO program to allow individuals to "enlist" as NCOs and progress through a specific professional development program. According to a U.S. Air Force article on the subject, "The current design of the NCO corps in the CAP only allows former active-duty NCOs to be a part of the corps, with no upgrade training for promotion within the ranks. The newly signed corps structure will mirror the Air Force NCO force structure with an established process to promote and develop NCOs." By 2018 a professional development and promotion pathway was in place for former military enlisted personnel who joined CAP at their previous rank.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Senior members are provided with an optional Senior Member Professional Development program and are encouraged to progress within it. The professional development program consists of five levels, corresponding with grades from second lieutenant to lieutenant colonel. Each level of development has components of leadership training, corporate familiarization and aerospace education, as well as professional development within chosen "Specialty Tracks". There are many Specialty Tracks and they are designed both to support the organization and to provide opportunities for senior members to take advantage of skills they have from their private lives.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Available Specialty Tracks include Logistics, Communications, Cadet Programs, Public Affairs, Legal, Administration, Emergency Services, Finance, and many more. Additionally, senior members with specific civilian professional qualifications may be awarded grades on the basis of their professional qualifications. Examples include FAA Certified Flight Instructors, Certified Ground Instructors, attorneys, medical professionals, Certified Public Accountants, clergy, and licensed educators or administrators who are often promoted directly to second lieutenant, first lieutenant or captain, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training. Additional promotion may be available after one year time in grade.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: In 2020, Civil Air Patrol introduced a new senior professional development program called Volunteer University. The Volunteer University provides education and training to CAP senior members through modules and instruction, replacing the previous system including the: Officer Basic Course, Squadron Leadership School, Region Staff College, and National Staff College.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The Civil Air Patrol University senior member professional development awards recognize those members who have dedicated themselves to leadership and personal development in the CAP. These awards include:


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol's cadet program is a traditional military-style cadet program with almost 28,000 cadets nationwide, and is one of the three main missions of Civil Air Patrol. CAP cadets wear modified versions of United States Air Force uniforms, hold rank and grade, and practice military customs and courtesies. They are required to maintain physical fitness standards, and are tested on their knowledge of leadership and aerospace subjects at each promotion opportunity.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The current CAP Cadet Program was designed by John V. "Jack" Sorenson who held the position of Civil Air Patrol's Director of Aerospace Education in the 1960s. This program is composed of four phases (Learning, Leadership, Command, and Executive) each of which is divided into several achievements. Achievements generally correspond to grade promotions, while phases are tied to levels of responsibility. The Cadet Program operates at a local unit (squadron) level with weekly meetings and weekend activities, but also has national and wing-sponsored events, including week-long and multi-week summer activities and camps.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: As cadets progress through the program, they are given additional responsibility for scheduling, teaching, guiding and commanding the other cadets in their units. They also assist their senior staff in executing the Cadet Program. It is not unusual for a cadet officer to command an encampment of hundreds of junior Cadets. Cadets are given many opportunities to lead and to follow; they may hold leadership positions at squadron and wing activities, and are often involved in planning these activities. Cadets may complete paperwork, command other cadets, and teach at weekly meetings and at weekend and summer events. The U.S. Congress stated in the "Recruiting, Retention, and Reservist Promotion Act of 2000" that CAP and similar programs "provide significant benefits for the Armed Forces, including significant public relations benefits".


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Cadets have a rank structure similar to the United States Air Force enlisted and officer grades, excluding those of general officers. A cadet starts as a cadet airman basic, and is promoted as he or she completes each achievement. Unlike the regular armed forces, where it is possible to enter as either directly as a commissioned following completion of some form of officer training (service academy, college ROTC, or OCS/OTS, etc.), or enlist and eventually advance to non-commissioned officer or petty officer status, a CAP cadet must be promoted through every CAP cadet enlisted grade in order to achieve the rank of CAP cadet second lieutenant.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: To complete an achievement, a cadet must pass a physical fitness test as well as two written tests, one for leadership and one for aerospace education. The only exceptions to this rule are the promotions to cadet airman and cadet staff sergeant, which have no aerospace test. For some achievements, an additional test of drill proficiency is required. In the new promotion system, effective as of 2010, there is a drill test for all CAP cadet enlisted grades.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The milestones in the Civil Air Patrol Cadet Program are the Wright brothers Award, the General Billy Mitchell Award, the Amelia Earhart Award, the General Ira C. Eaker Award and the General Carl A. Spaatz Award. As of July 2021, 2,343 Spaatz Awards had been earned since the first was awarded to Cadet Douglas Roach in 1964. Cadet Roach went on to a United States Air Force career and later became a pilot in the Air Force Thunderbirds aerial demonstration team.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Each milestone award in Civil Air Patrol confers upon a cadet various benefits. Upon earning the Mitchell Award and the grade of cadet second lieutenant, a cadet is eligible for promotion the rank of airman first class (E-3) upon enlistment in the United States Air Force. A cadet earning the Earhart Award and being promoted to C/Capt and, if age 17 or older, may be selected to attend the International Air Cadet Exchange.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: According to the CAP Knowledgebase website, the percentages for cadets receiving the milestone awards are estimated to be as follows:


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Accelerated promotions are available for CAP cadets who are also enrolled in Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps units.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Cadets that transfer to the senior member side between the ages of 18 and 20 receive the grade of flight officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Mitchell), technical flight officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Earhart) or senior flight officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Spaatz) after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training. If the cadet waits until their 21st birthday, at which point they are "required" to transfer to the senior member program, they are eligible for the grade of second lieutenant (if the highest cadet award was the Mitchell), first lieutenant (if the highest cadet award was the Earhart), or captain (if the highest cadet award was the Spaatz). After completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Cadets under the age of 18 are eligible for ten orientation flights in Civil Air Patrol aircraft, including five glider and five airplane flights. Glider flights can be replaced by "powered" flights at the discretion of the Wing Commander, depending on the availability of the aircraft. Cadets over 18 years of age can still participate in military orientation flights, and some CAP wings have flight academies where cadets can learn to fly. The United States Air Force and United States Army also frequently schedule orientation flights for CAP cadets in transport aircraft such as the KC-135 Stratotanker, KC-10 Extender, C-130 Hercules and the C-17 Globemaster III or, in the case of the Army, UH-60 Black Hawk and CH-47 Chinook helicopters.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol's core cadet activity is the summer encampment. Typically a seven to ten-day event, cadets are put into an intense, military-structured environment with emphasis on physically and mentally demanding tasks, in addition to required classes and activities. These classes include aerospace education, United States Air Force organization, cadet programs, and drug demand reduction. Activities include the classroom courses, physical training, leadership development, and drill & ceremonies. Encampments are usually held at the wing (state) level and, when available are usually at military installations, preferably active United States Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command or Air National Guard installations, with military support.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The Region Cadet Leadership Schools (RCLS) provide training to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes as they pertain to leadership and management. Cadets who attend RCLS are often serving in, or preparing to enter, cadet leadership positions within their squadron. RCLSs are conducted at region level, or at wing level with region approval. The RCLS programs are more or less modeled on USAFA upper classmen programs, the college Air Force ROTC Professional Officer Course (POC) and latter stages of OTS. One variation on this theme are CAP Cadet Non-Commissioned Officer Schools and Academies, which are cadet NCO schools designed to teach basic leadership and principles to cadet leaders during their earlier duty positions in the cadet program.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: At the national level, cadets are allowed to participate in the National Blue Beret program, where they help support operations during the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh event.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: One requirement for promotion in the Cadet Program is the ability to recite this oath, verbatim, from memory.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Aerospace education members (AEM) are formal or informal educators at the kindergarten to grade 12 level (K-12) at schools, youth organizations, and libraries. The AEM does not belong to, or attend meetings of, a local squadron, nor wear a uniform. These members are eligible to receive K-12 books, STEM kits, and student materials. They are also eligible to participate in free Teacher Orientation Program flights.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: While CAP is chartered by Congress and is the auxiliary of the Air Force, it is not an operating reserve component under the United States Air Force or the federal government. The Secretary of the Air Force may use the services of Civil Air Patrol to fulfill the non-combat programs and missions of the Department of the Air Force.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol members are not subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and do not have command or authority over any members of the United States military. Similarly, military officers have no command authority over CAP members. As part of recognition of CAP's service to the USAF, however, senior members in the grade of second lieutenant and above are allowed to wear the "U.S." collar insignia as an official part of their dress blue uniform. All CAP members are required to render military courtesies to all members of the US military and those of friendly foreign nations; however, as CAP officers are not commissioned by the President of the United States, military personnel are not required to render military courtesies to CAP personnel, though this can be done as a courtesy. CAP members, however, are expected to render military courtesies to one another.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Although CAP retains the title "United States Air Force Auxiliary" this auxiliary status only applies when CAP members and resources are on a United States Air Force-assigned mission with an Air Force-assigned mission number. When CAP resources are engaged in a USAF mission they are reimbursed by the Air Force for communications expenses, fuel and oil, and a share of aircraft maintenance expenses. In addition, CAP members are covered by the Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA) in the event of injury while participating in the mission. At all other times, such as when aiding civilian authorities, the CAP remains and acts as a private, non-profit corporation.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The USAF's Air Combat Command (ACC), through 1st Air Force, is the parent command of CAP. In October 2002, the USAF announced plans to move CAP "operational" mission activities from the Air Force's operations directorate (HAF/A3) to the Air Force's newly created homeland security directorate.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: In an announcement on 28 August 2015 by Gen. Mark Welsh, Air Force Chief of Staff, Civil Air Patrol is included in the U.S. Air Force's definition of the "total force". To accomplish this, the USAF updated Doctrine Volume 2, "Leadership", to expand the descriptions of total force and "Airmen" to consist of active duty Air Force, Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, Air Force Auxiliary, and Air Force Civilian Service members. Part of that Total Force inclusion was a realignment in the responsible command which moved Civil Air Patrol-U.S. Air Force (CAP-USAF) from Air Education and Training Command through the Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accession and Citizen Development at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, to Air Combat Command through 1st Air Force. This change took place on 24 June 2016.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol's uniforms provide a distinctive and standard set of uniform items intended to provide a positive public image, build morale, and enhance the professionalism of the organization's membership.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP members wear the same uniforms as active duty, guard, and reserve members, but worn with distinctive emblems, insignia, and badges to identify them as CAP members; these are categorized as "USAF-style uniforms". USAF-style uniforms may be worn by all cadets under age 18, and by cadets over age 18 and senior members who meet height and weight standards set by CAP's uniform manual.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: In addition, CAP has a series of what are categorized as "Corporate-style uniforms" which may be worn by all senior members, and also by those cadets over age 18 who do not meet height and weight standards set for the USAF-style uniform.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Uniforms are categorized in CAP's uniform manual by the environment in which the uniform is to be worn or the work to be accomplished.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol operates and maintains fixed-wing aircraft, training gliders, ground vehicles, and a national radio communications network.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol owns and operates a fleet of predominantly Cessna 172 Skyhawk and Cessna 182 Skylane aircraft. The aircraft are in a phased refurbishment program which began in 2008, replacing engines, interior, avionics, and paint at a lower cost than new purchases.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: In 2003, the Australian designed and built eight-seat GippsAero GA8 Airvan was added to the fleet. Sixteen of Civil Air Patrol's fleet of 18 Airvans carry the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) system, which can be used to search for aircraft wreckage based on its spectral signature. Other aircraft types include the Cessna 206 and the Maule MT-235. CAP also has a number of gliders, such as the LET L-23 Super Blaník, the Schleicher ASK 21 and the Schweizer SGS 2-33, used mainly for cadet orientation flights.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: In addition to CAP's own corporate fleet, many member-owned aircraft are made available for official tasking by CAP's volunteers should the need arise. Aircraft on search missions are generally crewed by at least three qualified aircrew members: a mission pilot, responsible for the safe flying of the aircraft; a "mission observer", responsible for navigation, communications and coordination of the mission as well as ground observation; and a "mission scanner" who is responsible for looking for crash sites and damage clues. Additionally, the mission scanner may double as a satellite digital imaging system (SDIS) operator. Larger aircraft may have additional scanners aboard, providing greater visual coverage. Because of the additional ARCHER equipment, the crew of a Civil Air Patrol GA8 Airvan may also include an operator of the ARCHER system, depending upon the requirements of the mission and the capabilities of the aircraft.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP owns over 1,000 vehicles (mostly vans for carrying personnel) and assigns them to units for use in the organization's missions. Members who use their own vehicles are reimbursed for fuel, oil and communications costs during a USAF-assigned emergency services mission.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: CAP operates a national radio network of HF (SSB) and VHF (FM) radio repeaters. There are over 500 of these repeaters strategically located across the United States. Radio communications are now facilitated under NTIA specifications, to which Civil Air Patrol directorates have applied even more stringent standards. CAP's radio network is designed for use during a national or regional emergency when existing telephone and Internet communications infrastructure is not available. Outside of such emergencies, most of CAP's internal communications are conducted on the Internet. CAP Units are allowed to use radio encryption when working with other agencies on sensitive missions, or when on a network that requires encryption.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Some aircraft in the CAP fleet are equipped with the SDIS. This system allows CAP to send back real-time images of a disaster or crash site to anyone with an e-mail address, allowing the mission coordinators to make more informed decisions. There are approximately 100 federally funded SDIS systems strategically located across the United States, with more than 20 additional systems funded by state and local governments.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The ARCHER imaging system, mounted aboard the GA8 Airvan, uses visible and near-infrared light to examine the surface of the Earth and find suspected crash sites, evaluate areas affected by disasters, or examine foliage from an airborne perspective in order to flag possible marijuana plantations. Both the SDIS and ARCHER systems were used to great success in the response to Hurricane Katrina; ARCHER may be used in coordination with the SDIS system.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: A hand-held radio direction finder, most commonly the L-Tronics Little L-Per, is used by ground teams to search for downed aircraft.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: The ground teams carry equipment on their person that they use while in the field. This equipment includes flashlights, signal mirrors, tactical vests, safety vests, and food that will last them at least 24 hours. The equipment carried by ground teams varies much by the mission at hand. Urban direction finding (UDF) missions necessitate only a small kit of gear. But intensive mountain search and rescue can require packs that provide for up to 72 hours of operational supplies and tool for the location, rescue and extraction of lost or crashed parties. This gear includes the above, plus additional water, meals, and survival gear. Although a standardized list is provided by the national command, many teams modify the list to match the needs of the mission.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: A number of states have legislation in place to help transfer surplus equipment to Civil Air Patrol. For example, Texas considers its wing a state agency, and therefore legally allowed to acquire surplus or salvage property, while Alaska has a program for transferring forfeited aircraft to the Alaska Wing.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Civil Air Patrol is a non-profit corporation established by Public Law 79-476. It receives its funding from four major sources: membership dues, corporate donations, Congressional appropriations, and private donations.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Squadron and group financial support comes from donations and fundraising. Some units charge their own membership dues above and beyond CAP membership dues. These donations and fundraisers are how the squadrons and groups pay for their equipment, rent for facilities, and activities at the local level. A portion of funds are proceeds made during fundraisers. These are organized by individual squadrons and often include prizes for the cadets who sell the most tickets. Cadets that sell tickets will receive 50% of the proceeds they made in a personal CAP "bank" in that squadron. These funds do not transfer if a cadet transfers to a different squadron or wing.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: Today, apart from member dues, Civil Air Patrol receives funding from donations and grants from individuals, foundations and corporations; from grants and payments from state governments for patrolling and other tasks as agreed by memorandums of understanding; and from federal funding for reimbursement of fuel, oil and maintenance plus capital expenses for aircraft, vehicles and communications equipment.


title: Civil Air Patrol

text: There are few paid positions in Civil Air Patrol. Most are located at National Headquarters, although some wings have paid administrators or accountants. During 2011, Civil Air Patrol had 182 paid employees.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Kurtis Matthew Kenneth Conner (born May 4, 1994) is a Canadian stand-up comedian, YouTuber, and former Viner.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Kurtis Matthew Kenneth Conner was born at North York General Hospital in the North York district of Toronto, Canada on May 4, 1994. He lived in Hamilton, Ontario, then moved back to Toronto. He first performed stand-up comedy in 2013, at the age of 19, and later joined Humber College's program.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Conner began performing stand-up shows all over Canada in 2013. He self-released his debut comedy album "Cuppla Jokes" in 2016, which reached No. 1 on the iTunes comedy charts and No. 6 on the "Billboard" comedy charts. In 2019, he joined his friends and fellow comedians Danny Gonzalez and Drew Gooden during their We Are Two Different People Tour.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: The first video on Conner's main channel was uploaded in 2014. The channel began to gain momentum in 2017, when one of his videos gained 600,000 views in two days.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Conner's YouTube channel has become known for his critique of content perceived as problematic on YouTube, and for making fun of those who wish to marginalize groups of people. In 2019, he and his friend and fellow comedian Jacob Sharpe criticised TikToker Sebastian Bails and Bails' girlfriend Lauren Godwin for making light of domestic abuse on their YouTube channel. Conner and Sharpe were both disturbed by the content, frequently commenting in the video that they found it difficult to make light of such a serious subject. Conner later said he would raise $10,000 for the domestic abuse charity loveisrespect and then match it with his own donation, with over $16,000 being raised and Conner making a donation of $26,000 overall.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Conner also criticised a "female Viagra" trend on YouTube, which involved YouTubers administering a claimed aphrodisiac for women by spiking their girlfriend's drink without their consent. His video was later removed from YouTube as it showed the controversial behaviour, despite a number of other "female Viagra" videos were still being available on the platform at the time.


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Conner has made more lighthearted videos, and says that his favorite content is film criticism. He has made content about the TikTok Hype House, manipulative tactics used by Justin Bieber's team to promote his song "Yummy", the 22 Convention (a "convention for women" run by anti-feminist men's rights activists), and pick-up artist Russell Hartley (whom Conner dubbed "misogynist of the year").


title: Kurtis Conner

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Conner posted a video detailing how to become famous on the internet. In April 2021, he and Gonzalez sang a song titled "In Love With a Creeper", which features the two competing for the affections of (and eventually having a threesome with) a creeper from the video game "Minecraft".


title: Kurtis Conner

text: Conner started dating Jenna Allard on December 11, 2014. The two later got married in Tuscany, Italy on October 19, 2022. They have a dog together named Kiwi.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Reginald Wayne (born November 17, 1978) is a former American football wide receiver who played 14 seasons with the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Miami, and was drafted by the Colts in the first round (30th overall) of the 2001 NFL Draft. A six-time Pro Bowl selection, Wayne was a member of the Colts' Super Bowl XLI championship team that beat the Chicago Bears. He ranks tenth all-time in NFL career receptions, tenth all-time in NFL receiving yards, and 24th all-time in career touchdown receptions. On December 14, 2014, Wayne played in both his 209th game and his 142nd win as a member of the Colts, breaking the franchise records set by Peyton Manning.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne is the youngest of three sons. His father, Ralph, is a former linebacker for Grambling State. A New Orleans Saints fan in his youth, he was more interested in baseball growing up but chose football by the time he attended John Ehret High School.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne attended the University of Miami, where he was a four-year starter for the Hurricanes. He set a school record of 173 career catches (including 36 consecutive games with a reception) and is one of only five wide receivers in school history to post 20 or more touchdowns in his career, along with Michael Irvin, Lamar Thomas, Leonard Hankerson, and Andre Johnson. Wayne's 48 receptions during the 1997 season set a school record for freshmen, which still stands today. Wayne also ran track and field at the University of Miami, where he recorded a personal best of 21.87 seconds in the 200 meters. Wayne graduated with a degree in liberal arts; his roommate was future Baltimore Ravens safety Ed Reed. Wayne was also teammates with future Indianapolis Colts teammate Edgerrin James while at 'The U'.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame at their 43rd Annual Induction Banquet held on March 24, 2011.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the 30th selection in the 2001 NFL Draft, the sixth of 34 wide receivers taken in a draft class that included eight future pro-bowlers at the position. He was expected to eventually complement the Colts' other star receiver, Marvin Harrison. He played all 211 games of his career for the Colts.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In Wayne's first year, he caught 27 passes for 345 yards with no touchdowns. He only made nine starts and missed three games altogether due to a high ankle sprain.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: His yards doubled the next year as he caught 49 passes for 716 yards and four touchdowns. He had at least one reception in 14 of the team's 16 games, and more than 100 yards receiving in three of them.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne broke into the starting lineup in the 2003 season, and he caught 68 balls for 838 yards and seven touchdowns. This included two different games with 141 yards receiving.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2004, Wayne caught 77 passes for 1,210 yards and 12 touchdowns during a season in which Colts quarterback Peyton Manning threw a then-record 49 touchdowns. He had four 100+ yard games, including personal-bests 184 yards on 11 receptions in Week 3 against Green Bay. During the playoffs, Wayne was named the "Wild Card Weekend Offensive Player of the Week" after the Colts beat the Broncos. Wayne had 10 receptions for 221 yards and two touchdowns in the game, then the second-most receiving yards in a wild card game.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2005, Wayne again had 1,000+ yards receiving, and increased his reception total to 83. In Week 17, the 13-2 Colts rested most of their top players in preparation for the playoffs, and Wayne had zero receptions for the last time in his remaining 134 regular season games. In the playoffs, Wayne had 97 yards, a two-point conversion, and a critical 22-yard reception to set up a potential game-tying field goal in a 21-18 loss to the eventual champion Pittsburgh Steelers.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2006, Wayne signed a 6-year, $39.5 million contract. He broke the 100-yard mark five times, including a season-best 134 yards and three touchdowns in Week 8 against Denver. He went on to catch 86 balls for a then-career-high 1,310 yards and 9 touchdowns. As a result, Wayne was selected to his first Pro Bowl. In the postseason, Wayne had five receptions in each of the first three games, then helped the Colts defeat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI with a 53-yard touchdown reception in the first quarter.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2007, Wayne responded to a rash of injuries on the team, including Harrison and tight end Dallas Clark, by setting a then-career-high in receptions (104), and a career-high in yards (1,510). This included six games with over 100 yards receiving, and a season-best 168 yards with a touchdown in Week 8 against Carolina. He led the league in receiving yards and was selected to go to the Pro Bowl for the second consecutive year.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2008, Wayne posted a Pro Bowl season for the third consecutive year with 82 catches for 1,145 yards and six touchdowns. This included four 100+ yard games, four touchdowns in the first five games, and a 65-yard score on the opening drive of Week 10 against the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the Wild Card round, he had 129 yards including a 72-yard touchdown, but the Colts lost in overtime, eliminated in the first round by the San Diego Chargers for the second consecutive year.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In Week 10 of 2009, Wayne caught the winning touchdown pass with 0:14 left against the New England Patriots in what is now known as the "4th and 2" game. Wayne was also selected as a starter for the Pro Bowl, but couldn't play due to the Colts playing in the Super Bowl. In Super Bowl XLIV, Wayne had 5 catches for 46 yards, but the Colts lost to the New Orleans Saints 31-17.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2010, Wayne was second in the NFL receptions with 111 (a career-high), and third in receiving yards with 1,355. During a season where the Colts heavily relied on Peyton Manning to win games, Wayne again cemented himself as one of the top receivers in the NFL. This included a franchise-record 15 receptions which he converted into 196 yards against Jacksonville in Week 4, and 14 receptions for 200 yards in Week 13 against Dallas. Wayne was also selected as a starter the Pro Bowl.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne's numbers were lower than usual in 2011 without Peyton Manning starting at quarterback, though he still led team in receptions (75) and receiving yards (960). He had four touchdown receptions as well. On September 25, 2011, Wayne recorded his 800th catch against the Pittsburgh Steelers.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: On March 13, 2012, the Colts re-signed Wayne to a three-year contract. Before the 2012 Week 5 matchup with the Green Bay Packers, the news of head coach Chuck Pagano's leukemia surfaced. Wayne's history with Pagano goes back to his college years, where Pagano was the Hurricanes' defensive backs coach, and Pagano's hiring as the Colts' head coach was a large factor in Wayne's decision to re-sign with Indianapolis. In response, Wayne caught 13 passes for a career-high 212 receiving yards and a game-winning touchdown from rookie quarterback Andrew Luck; Wayne earned the AFC Offensive Player of the Week award due to his performance, the first of his career. In Week 12 against Buffalo Bills, Wayne broke Cris Carter's record of consecutive games with 3 or more receptions with 59 games. He also passed former Washington Redskins receiver Art Monk for 12th on the NFL's all-time receptions list during the first half. During the wild-card game against the Baltimore Ravens, Wayne had 114 yards on nine receptions and moved into second in career playoff catches with 92 — only 59 behind leader Jerry Rice. However, the Colts lost the game 24-9.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: Wayne was selected as the wide receiver for USA Football's 2012 All-Fundamentals Team, which honors 26 NFL players each year for executing the fundamentals of their position.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2013, Wayne again posted 100 yards against Jacksonville in Week 4. In a Week 6 loss to San Diego, Wayne became the ninth player to reach 1,000 career receptions. However, a week later, Wayne tore his ACL; it was announced the next day that he would miss the remainder of the 2013 season. The injury also ended his consecutive games played streak at 189, the third-longest for a wide receiver in NFL history.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: With the retirement of Tony Gonzalez, 36-year-old Wayne entered 2014 as the active leader in career receiving yards. He gained 98 more in a season-opening loss to Denver, and 119 in Week 4 against Tennessee. In Week 8, Wayne became the ninth receiver in NFL history to record 14,000 receiving yards. He suffered an elbow injury in the game and missed the following week's matchup against the Pittsburgh Steelers. Near the conclusion of the Colts' 2014 season, it was announced that Wayne had played with a torn triceps since Week 6, which would require an offseason surgery to repair. He had just one reception in the Colts' three post-season games, concluding his career with franchise records for postseason receptions (93); receiving yards, yards-from-scrimmage, and all-purpose yards (1,254), receiving and total touchdowns (9), games with at least one touchdown (8), and games with 100+ yards receiving (3, shared with Dallas Clark and T. Y. Hilton).


title: Reggie Wayne

text: On March 6, 2015, the Colts announced that they would not re-sign Wayne, which made him a free agent on March 10.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: On August 24, 2015, Wayne signed a one-year contract with the New England Patriots worth up to $3 million. On September 5, 2015, Wayne requested and was granted his release from the Patriots.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: On January 15, 2016, after not playing the entire 2015 season, Wayne announced his retirement from professional football, saying, "It was fun, but it's time. It's just time. Whenever you can admit that you're done, you know you're done." He finished his NFL career tenth all-time in career receptions, tenth all-time in receiving yards and 24th in career touchdown receptions.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: On April 30, 2018, the Colts announced that Wayne would join the team as a volunteer receivers coach. On November 18, 2018, Wayne became the 15th player to be inducted into the team's Ring of Honor, in a ceremony attended by former teammates including Marvin Harrison, Manning and Saturday. On January 2, 2020, Wayne was named one of 15 modern-era finalists for election into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. He and Pittsburgh Steelers safety Troy Polamalu are the only two finalists for 2020 to be nominated in their first year of eligibility. As of 2021, Wayne has been nominated twice for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but has not yet been selected.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: For the 2021 NFL Draft he joined Bleacher Report as a positional expert. He applauded the Giants first round pick of Kadarius Toney. Wayne went on to compare him to Percy Harvin and called him the toughest wide receiver in the draft.


title: Reggie Wayne

text: In 2012, a hotel valet stole his luxury vehicle from an Indianapolis hotel where Wayne left his car. The valet was arrested standing outside the car with a blood alcohol content of .13 percent.


title: American Factory

text: American Factory () is a 2019 American documentary film directed by Steven Bognar and Julia Reichert, about Chinese company Fuyao's factory in Moraine, a city near Dayton, Ohio, that occupies Moraine Assembly, a shuttered General Motors plant. The film had its festival premiere at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival. It is distributed by Netflix and is the first film acquired by Barack and Michelle Obama's production company, Higher Ground Productions. It won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.


title: American Factory

text: In post-industrial Ohio, a Chinese billionaire opens a factory in an abandoned General Motors plant, hiring two thousand Americans. Early days of hope and optimism give way to setbacks as high-tech China clashes with working-class America.


title: American Factory

text: Filmed from February 2015 until the end of 2017, Reichert and Bognar were granted filming access by Fuyao at both their Ohio and Chinese plant locations. They were inspired to make this film as the events they aimed to depict were taking place in the same Moraine Assembly plant once occupied by General Motors, which was the central topic of their 2009 Oscar-nominated documentary short "."


title: American Factory

text: The Mandarin Chinese language portions of the film were facilitated by the inclusion of two Chinese filmmakers, Yiqian Zhang and Mijie Li, one or both of whom would travel to Ohio monthly. The directors credit these two as essential in providing a connection to the Chinese subjects depicted in the film.


title: American Factory

text: The filmmakers implemented a fly-on-the-wall documentary filmmaking approach, in which no dialogue external to the subjects of the film is included, and the sounds of the factory and the dialogue of the workers is prioritized. In order to make focal such an audio/visual approach, the filmmakers implemented the use of lavalier microphones to effectively balance worker dialogue amid noise emanating from the factory's machinery. The voice-over narration provided by the factory workers was often recorded at their respective homes, independently from the factory setting. According to Bognar, implementing the film's narration in this way to create an effect of depicting a worker's inner monologue.


title: American Factory

text: After the film's screening at Sundance, it garnered wide acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews from critics, with an average of . The site's consensus reads: ""American Factory" takes a thoughtful – and troubling – look at the dynamic between workers and employers in the 21st-century globalized economy." On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 86 out of 100 based on 23 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: American Factory

text: David Edelstein of "New York Magazine" wrote: "It's a great, expansive, deeply humanist work, angry but empathetic to its core. It gestures toward the end of the working world we know – and to the rise of the machines."


title: American Factory

text: Eric Kohn at "IndieWire" described it as "A fascinating tragicomedy about the incompatibility of American and Chinese industries."


title: American Factory

text: The film won Best Documentary Feature at the 2020 Academy Awards as well as the Independent Spirit Award for the same category.


title: Darna

text: Darna () is a Filipina superheroine created by writer Mars Ravelo and artist Nestor Redondo. The character's first appearance was in "Pilipino Komiks" (Ace Publications, Inc.) #77 on May 13, 1950. Darna is a retooling of Ravelo's earlier character, Varga, whose stories he wrote and illustrated himself. This character first appeared in "Bulaklak Magazine", Volume 4, #17 on July 23, 1947. Ravelo left the Bulaklak Magazine publications due to differences with the publication's editors. One of the most popular Filipino superheroes, Darna has appeared in many films and several television series through the decades which have far overshadowed her actual comics tenure.


title: Darna

text: The 2003 Mango Comics miniseries revealed that Darna is a deceased extraterrestrial warrior magically manifesting herself through a woman from Earth named Narda who summons her by shouting her name. As Darna, she stands up for those who cannot fend for themselves. She fights against common criminals as well as greater forces of evil, most famously the snake-haired supervillain Valentina. She is often accompanied by her younger brother, Ding. Several alternate versions of Darna have been characterized over the years.


title: Darna

text: Darna's appearance is distinctive and iconic: she usually wears a red bikini or shorts with a gold star in each brassiere cap; red helmet with ruby encrusted gold winged medallion; gold bracelets; a golden medallion belt with a loincloth in the middle; and red boots. Darna is widely considered as a Filipino cultural icon and the most celebrated superhero character in the Philippines.


title: Darna

text: The character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well, including films and television series. Several actresses have portrayed Darna in motion pictures and TV series including Rosa del Rosario, Liza Moreno, Eva Montes, Gina Pareño, Vilma Santos, Lorna Tolentino, Rio Locsin, Sharon Cuneta, Nanette Medved, Anjanette Abayari, Regine Velasquez, Angel Locsin, Marian Rivera, Iza Calzado and Jane De Leon.


title: Darna

text: Mars Ravelo created the first images of Darna before World War II, as the character's predecessor Varga. Ravelo's inspiration for Darna's heroic qualities came from a fascination with Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster's Superman. The winged medallion on Darna's helmet was inspired by the emblem of the Philippine airforce as Ravelo also dreamed of the opportunity to fly. The magic white stone concept is cultural iconography as Philippine folklore has many stories of brave young mortals whose courage and heart enable them to be worthy of magic amulets - the only thing in these stories that could even the odds against evil, supernatural forces.


title: Darna

text: After the war, Ravelo realized that the Filipinos were in need of a superhero so he again shopped his superheroine concept to publishers until one of them, Bulaklak Komiks agreed to publish Ravelo's heroine that he now called "Varga" in 1947 (inspired by the Varga girls series of illustrations) and the strip took off. Varga made her debut in "Bulaklak Magazine", Vol. 4, #17 on July 23, 1947, which Ravelo wrote and drew. In an interview, Ravelo revealed that he offered his creation first to "Liwayway Magazine" and other publications but was rejected. Had Liwayway Magazine not rejected the offer, Varga would have been the Philippines' first komiks superhero.


title: Darna

text: Contrary to popular belief, Darna was not named after the magical "Ibong Adarna" (Adarna bird), which appears in a Philippine epic of the same name. In "Bulaklak Magazine", Narda was already established as Varga's mortal identity. "Darna" was simply an anagram of "Narda". The concept and image of the character was based on the illustrations of Superman appearing on comic books brought by soldiers from the United States to the Philippines. It was the story of a mortal girl named Narda (named after one of Ravelo's childhood playmates), her brother Ding and their grandmother, Lola Asay, who lived in the town of Masambong when a falling star revealed itself to be a magic amulet that turns Narda into the superheroine Varga.


title: Darna

text: The name Varga was under ownership of Bulaklak Komiks. Darna's first adventure was first serialized in the pages of "Pilipino Komiks" (Ace Publications, Inc.) #77 on May 13, 1950, where she was pitted against the sultry snake goddess, Valentina. Here, Narda, a young girl, swallows a stone, which has the word "Darna" on it, and transforms into Darna by shouting out the latter's name. Likewise, Darna turns back into Narda by shouting Narda's name. The stone, which was from the planet Marte, stays in her body. Her secret is known to her grandmother and her brother, Ding, who becomes her sidekick. Darna quickly gained popularity among Filipino comic book readers. The original Darna comics series, written by Ravelo and illustrated by Redondo, ran for 28 issues.


title: Darna

text: On May 31, 1951, Darna made a crossover from comics to cinema even before the comic book serial was finished. Royal Publications under Fernando Poe Sr. produced the first Darna film starring Rosa Del Rosario as Narda/Darna. It was the last film directed by Fernando Poe Sr. Since then, a number of actresses and actors have portrayed the superheroine on both cinema and television. Some made from 1973 onwards starred the future multi-awarded dramatic actress and politician Vilma Santos. In this incarnation, Darna's origin was changed. Narda herself became Darna, unlike the original in which she just "channeled" her. The stone came out of Narda's mouth every time she changes back and she had to swallow it every time she wanted to transform (a revision that became the standard for the following incarnations). Darna is not specified as coming from Marte and is mentioned simply as a "Warrior of Light". In this version, Narda was aged up from a child to her early teens, and only Ding was aware of her secret. This version of Darna became most people's idea of the character for about 3 decades. A catchphrase popularized by the films and said by Narda runs, ""Ding, ang bato!"" ("Ding, [give me] the stone!")


title: Darna

text: In 1977, the first Darna TV series was produced by Kitchie Benedicto and aired on RPN (KBS-9). "Darna! The TV Series" starred Lorna Tolentino as Darna/Narda. Darna also had her own cartoon series in 1986 aired on GMA Network.


title: Darna

text: In 2003, a National Book Award-winning Darna limited miniseries was published by Mango Comics, with major input from Ravelo's family. "DARNA" is a three-part 50th Anniversary Issue (36 pages per issue, full-color, in English). The first part of the series was released on February 28, 2003, the second part on May 7, 2003, and the last part on December 13, 2003. With an all-new storyline of Bobby Yonzon and each issue drawn by a different, world-class artist, every one of this series is guaranteed to satisfy.


title: Darna

text: "DARNA" Issue #1: Darna finds herself faced with a familiar serpent-coiffed adversary who's sexier and deadlier than ever. Written by Boboy Yonzon, pencils by Ryan Orosco and inks by Gilbert Monsanto.


title: Darna

text: The story of Darna begins with a village girl named Narda who lives in the provincial town Barrio Masambong with her brother Ding. The siblings were orphaned and consequently adopted by their grandmother Lola Asay.


title: Darna

text: Narda loves to sing while her younger brother, Ding, plays the harmonica very well. Sometimes, Narda and Ding go from house to house and sing for the money to help their grandmother to support their daily needs.


title: Darna

text: While playing a game of "Hide and Seek" one night, Narda saw a shooting star in the night sky. The celestial object crashed into woods. Impressed by its beauty, she picked it up and decided to keep it. When her playmates started looking for her, she immediately hid the white stone in her mouth to prevent her playmates from taking it from her.


title: Darna

text: The white stone came alive and went down her throat into her stomach. She began to experience psychic flashes that flooded her mind with alien images of worlds far away which caused her to fall unconscious. She was found by Lola Asay, who took her home and put her to bed.


title: Darna

text: When Narda woke up, she was back at home with her grandmother and her brother, Ding. They asked her what happened and she related her bizarre experience. When her grandmother asked her what the inscription was on the white stone she swallowed, Narda yelled ... "DARNA!"


title: Darna

text: Her grandmother and brother were both startled by a flash of light and smoke that filled the room. Where Narda once stood, there now was a tall, beautiful warrior woman. She explained to them that she was "Darna of the Planet Marte" and that she was sent to Earth to face the forces of darkness and hatred that afflicted the world. Narda was channeling the alien woman. After she assured them that she meant no harm, Darna changed back to Narda by saying the latter's name.


title: Darna

text: Regardless of its many incarnations, the story of Darna begins with a village girl named Narda who finds a small white stone, a tiny meteorite from outer space. Narda swallows the stone and shouts "Darna," she becomes a mighty warrior ready to defend Earth from evil forces.


title: Darna

text: In the 2009 TV series, Darna's alter ego was named Narda Arcanghel—her surname being a possible nod to archangel, God's messenger; Father Mateo (played by Eddie Garcia) also referred to Darna as ""Anghel na Sugo ng Langit"" ().


title: Darna

text: Mars Ravelo created a second alter-ego named Daria in "Si Darna at Planetman" serialized in Holiday Komiks in 1969. For the first time, Darna transformed into Daria in the third issue of "Si Darna at ang Planetman". Daria is a grown up version of Narda. In the 1969 film "Darna at ang Planetman", Gina Pareño played Darna and Daria; she was the only actress to portray Darna's alter-ego Daria.


title: Darna

text: Darna faces a variety of foes ranging from common criminals to outlandish supervillains, often having tragic origin stories that lead them to a life of crime and evil. Valentina is the most iconic Filipino super-villain created by Mars Ravelo. If you have Darna, Valentina will eventually strike. Darna's other long-time recurring foes include Babaeng Lawin, Babaeng Impakta, Babaeng Tuod, and Babaeng Linta, among others. Many of Darna's adversaries are often women.


title: Darna

text: Valentina (goddess of the snakes/serpents) is the most popular enemy of Darna in the comics, films and television. She envies Narda and never appreciates what is her own; she torments her and becomes the cause of most of her misfortunes. She can control all kinds of snakes being from the same race as the Serpent Queens of Tiamat. In most incarnations, she has snakes on her head which she hides under a wig like the Gorgon Medusa.


title: Darna

text: Cristina Aragon was the first to play Valentina on the big screen opposite the first Darna, Rosa del Rosario in "Darna" (1951). Celia Rodriguez played Babaing Ahas in "Lipad, Darna, Lipad!" (1973). Pilar Pilapil played the role in "Darna" (1991). Pilita Corrales played Valentina in "Darna! Ang Pagbabalik" (Darna: The Return) (1994).


title: Darna

text: As Darna flew to the small screen so did Valentina. In Darna (2005), Alessandra De Rossi played the first TV Valentina followed by Iwa Moto in Darna (2009).


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Lawin appeared in "Pilipino Komiks' Darna at ang Babaing Lawin" (1951). She was born with superhuman strength and agility in the comics.


title: Darna

text: Elvira Reyes played the first Babaing Lawin/Armida on the big screen in "Darna at ang Babaing Lawin" (1952). Liza Lorena played the role in "Lipad, Darna, Lipad!" (1973) then Veronica Jones in "Darna at Ding" (1980).


title: Darna

text: But in the 2009 TV series, Babaeng Lawin (Armida the Robotic Hawk Woman), played by Ehra Madrigal, has enhanced strength, endurance, durability, speed and healing after being experimented on.


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Impakta is another classic Darna villainess that was updated in the 2009 TV series. She appeared in "Kenkoy Komiks' Darna at ang Impakta" (1962). Babaeng Impakta is actually a pair of conjoined twins—Roma and her impish twin. Roma was first played by Gina Alonzo and Paquito Salcedo played the demonic conjoined twin on the big screen in "Si Darna at ang Impakta" (1963). Gloria Romero played Babaeng Impakta in "Lipad, Darna, Lipad!" (1973). Impakta was played by Bing Loyzaga in "Darna" (1991). Nadine Samonte was Roma and Mura was her twin Impy in the 2009 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Roma who was born to a prominent family appears like a normal human with an angelic face and a sweet demeanor but her back is grotesquely humped.


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Tuod appeared in "Liwayway Magazine's Darna at ang Babaing Tuod" (1964). Babaeng Tuod/Lucy was first played on the big screen by Gina Alonzo in "Darna at ang Babaing Tuod" (1965). Alonzo previously played Roma ang Babaeng Impakta in "Si Darna at ang Impakta" (1963). Francine Prieto, who played the young Narda in "Darna" (1991) but was uncredited, played Babaeng Tuod/Lucifera in the 2009 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Tuod (Lucifera the Wood Witch; Lucifera, the Tree Monster) is the embodiment of nature as she is a living tree.


title: Darna

text: Planetman appeared in "Holiday Komiks-Magasin's Darna at ang Planetman" (1968). Vic Vargas played the Planetman in "Si Darna at ang Planetman" (1969).


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Linta first appeared in "Darna Komiks-Magasin's Darna at ang Babaing Linta #1" (February 3, 1968).


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Linta (Leech Woman) has two alter egos: Octavia Moran, a 1940s actress and Lutgarda Morales, an actress and model in 2009. Babaeng Linta got her powers from a lake infested with leeches. Octavia used her newfound abilities to wreak vengeance upon the men that molested her, one of which was Adolfo Sandejas, Pancho's (played by Dennis Trillo) grandfather.


title: Darna

text: In "Darna and the Giants" (1973), the giants were played by Divina Valencia, Ike Lozada, Pepito Rodriguez, Cesar Ramirez, Zandro Zamora and Max Alvarado. In "Darna at Ding" (1980), Max Alvarado also played the Giant.


title: Darna

text: Regine Velasquez, who previously had a cameo as Darna in the 2003 film "Captain Barbell", played Elektra (Reyna ng mga Amasona) in the 2009 TV series.


title: Darna

text: In "Darna and the Giants" (1973), the Planet Women were played by Lorelei, Elizabeth Vaughn, Karina Zawalski, Anita Lincoln, Cristy Soriano and Lorna Locsin. There were also Planet Men in the film who were played by Ricky Valencia, Karlo Vero, Dave Esguerra, Robert Miller, and Greg Lozano (uncredited).


title: Darna

text: In "Darna vs the Planet Women" (1975), Lita Vasquez played Kara, the Planet woman, while the other Planet women were played by Diana Villa and Lieza Zobel.


title: Darna

text: Celia Rodriguez, who previously played Babaeng Ahas in "Lipad, Darna, Lipad!" (1973), played an evil witch named Lei Ming in "Darna at Ding" (1980).


title: Darna

text: Dyangga appeared in "Darna Komiks' Darna vs. Dyangga" (January 21, 1985). Alice Dixson had a cameo as Dyangga in the 2005 TV series. Dixson played another Ravelo creation, Dyesebel in the 1990 film of the same name. But in the series, it was Ara Mina who portrayed Dyesebel for a cameo.


title: Darna

text: Valentine Adan is Valentina's daughter. Cherie Gil played Valentine in "Darna! Ang Pagbabalik (Darna: The Return)" (1994). She is often confused as Valentina who was played by Pilita Corrales. Like Valentina and Medusa, she has snakes on her head.


title: Darna

text: Mirca first appeared in "Super Action Vol. 2 #12 Paano Kung May Tatlong Darna?" (1999), a retelling of Darna's origin; it turns out that the magic stone Narda saw fall from the sky was only one of three. Carmi is an orphan who founds the second stone landing somewhere in Europe and with the stone's power, she becomes the heroine Mirca who sells her services to the highest bidder.


title: Darna

text: Ion is a strange reptile-like alien creature who first appeared in "Super Action Vol. 2 #12 Paano Kung May Tatlong Darna?" (1999). He holds the third stone and assumes a human disguise as Oni Basilisk, the head of the weapons manufacturing firm Kran Industries.


title: Darna

text: She rarely assumes her full serpentine form compared to Ebony and prefers to utilize her humanoid reptilian form complete with legs.


title: Darna

text: Mambabarang (Lord of Insects and Pests) wreaks havoc in society with his insects and pests. Eddie Garcia played Mambabarang in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Dr. Zombie (Mad Scientist/Re-Animator of corpses) invented a concoction to cure his wife (played by Rio Locsin) from end-stage cancer but was too late to cure her. His life took a twisted turn after the death of his beloved wife. His concoction had the power to reanimate the dead-into zombies. He also wields an assortment of weaponry unique only to himself. Christopher de Leon played Dr. Zombie/Ted in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Braguda, the Queen of Darkness and ruler of the Anomalkas (Planet Marte's evil underground dwelling race), is the main villain of the 2005 TV series. She is the powerful queen of the Anomalkan race of the Planet Marte who dreams of the whole galaxy bowing down to her but for that to happen, she must obtain Darna's white stone and merge it with her black stone so that she may transform the Planet Earth into a new version of the Planet Marte. Celia Rodriguez, who previously played two different Darna villains: Babaing Ahas in "Lipad, Darna, Lipad!" (1973) and Lei Ming in "Darna at Ding" (1980), played Braguda in the 2005 TV series; she went on to play Ms. Perfecta in the 2009 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Sulfura (Human Volcano) has the power to fly, and spew fire, rocks and acid to melt her enemies. Carmina Villarroel played Sulfura.


title: Darna

text: Nosferamus, a super being like the Grim Reaper, is the right-hand man of Braguda. He is the transformed form of Narda's father who she thought is dead. His powers include being able to dissolve into a black mist, summon blasts of dark-red energy, and conjure a lump of molten metal which he flung at Darna's eyes, blinding the superheroine. He died when he sacrificed his life for his daughter. Tonton Gutierrez played Nosferamus/Mulong in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Babaeng Lobo was played by Karen delos Reyes who also played as Alice, Babaeng Tuod and Babaeng Impakta in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Black Darna/Carol first appeared in Darna (2005) and was played by Katrina Halili. She was the result of Darna's cooped up emotions; Darna's essence turned into a supervillain of equal strength and ability. Black Darna is one of the most formidable adversaries of Darna as she's also noticeably faster than her. Like Darna, her only weakness is that she draws her powers from the white stone.


title: Darna

text: Molecula (Toxic Woman) is a shapeshifter who can break herself apart to a molecular level, splitting herself to countless, minute molecular parts to gain more mobility and versatility; she could also fling these particles at targets and trigger a dissolving effect, similar to corrosive acid, or coagulate them instantly. Cristine Reyes played Molecula in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: The Divas Impaktitas are the three right hand she-vampires of Valentina. They were created by the black stone, granting them immunity to the sun as well as crosses and crucifixes, though they could still be slain if something sharp like a stake is driven through their hearts. Ryza Cenon played Louella/Divas Impaktita in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Divina Demonica has the power to scream supersonic screams that could give severe trauma to those within her vicinity. She also demonstrates the ability to manipulate bats. K Brosas played Divina Demonica in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Toy Master is a clown who has the power to control toys as well as other abilities that border on the realm of magic, allowing him to defy the fabric of reality by summoning corporeal objects out of nothing or generating an irritating sound by beating his drum, powerful enough to disorient even Darna. He stole his magical powers from a gnome. Bearwin Meily played Toy Master in the 2005 TV series.


title: Darna

text: Paolo Contis played Kobra/Xandro ang ""Hari ng Lipi ng mga Ahas"" () in the 2009 TV series. In the original comics version (1950), Kobra was a female. This form seems to give him the benefit of his snake form while giving him the ability to hold things with his clawed hands. He can also squish his opponents with his deadly coils. He was secretly Valentina's real father. He impregnated Roma ang Babaeng Impakta to bear him more of his serpentine race after seeing her in his cave and for the purpose of having an heir that will be more faithful to him than his other daughter, Valentina. He may be invulnerable to bullets but not from sharp objects.


title: Darna

text: Serpina (Babaeng Anakonda), the princess of the snakes and Valentina's half-sister, was played by Katrina Halili in the 2009 TV series. Halili previously played Black Darna in 2005. Serpina is Kobra's daughter with Roma (Babaeng Impakta). She also uses a powerful staff as her weapon. She even has a psychic rapport with Valentina that allows them to communicate telepathically.


title: Darna

text: Shiro, played by Polo Ravales, is a local crime lord and the leader of the Bazooka Gang. Shiro abducted Armida/Babaeng Lawin and brought her to Dr. Danilo Morgan (Dr. Montgomery's grandson) to reattach her wings. Liberty, played by Krista Kleiner, is Shiro's lieutenant and possible girlfriend.


title: Darna

text: Jackie Rice played Helga Demonyita, a powerful witch who preys on innocent children, in the 2009 TV series. She was possessed by the devil and like it she is closed red, has horns on her forehead and a long tail which she uses as a whip. She has a hatred over humanity. She uses voodoo dolls and can also control fire. She is invulnerable to bullets. She can also vanish into fire.


title: Darna

text: Vladimir is a vampire who was played by Akihiro Sato in the 2009 TV series. He appears to be a tall, dark and handsome man as described by Francesca. Like any vampire, he cannot stand the sun.


title: Darna

text: Through the course of the franchise and comic releases, Darna's original powers include the following:


title: Darna

text: In "Darna" (1991 film) starring Nanette Medved, her powers include, flight, enhanced speed, reflexes, and strength, and a bit of telepathy.


title: Darna

text: In "Darna: Ang Pagbabalik (1994 film)", her powers include enhanced strength, reflexes, speed, heat vision and flight.


title: Darna

text: In the 2003 retcon comic release, this was explained as due to her psionic background. A form of telekinesis enhances her speed and strength and allows her flight. Her skin has a high level of invulnerability because of her species. Her psionic abilities also allow her to exercise limited psionic influence or telepathy. For weapons, the ruby on her helmet augments her psionic abilities, allowing her to emit a powerful concussion blast and the medallions that make up her belt can be used like throwing stars (shuriken).


title: Darna

text: In the 2005 TV series, aside from strength, flight and enhanced senses, she also has heat vision lent by the ruby in hear headgear.


title: Darna

text: In the 2009 TV series, Darna's bracers can produce flames when Darna focuses her energy enough and cause friction by brushing both braces against each other.


title: Darna

text: In the 2022 TV Series, Darna's powers and abilities are superhuman speed, strength, and flight. Her combat skills were actually taught to her, giving the notion that the Stone doesn't give access to immediate expertise in hand-tohand-combat.


title: Darna

text: On many Darna series and movies, her bracers are one of the most used equipment in her arsenal, usually used as a shield or deflector against bullets, and even energy blasts.


title: Darna

text: The White Stone / The Stone (in Tagalog, ""Ang Puting Bato"", or simply ""Ang Bato"") is a pebble-sized meteorite containing unknown and powerful properties that grants numerous abilities to whoever wears or swallows it.


title: Darna

text: Narda transforms into Darna, and vice versa, by shouting out their respective names ("Darna" to become Darna, "Narda" to become Narda). First, however, Narda has to swallow the stone, which conveniently comes out of her mouth every time Darna changes back to Narda. It started in the 1973 film "Lipad, Darna, Lipad!" ("Fly, Darna, Fly"). However, it was not so in the comic book versions.


title: Darna

text: The stone's appearance usually takes form of a small soft white pebble/mineral that occasionally glows, usually when it is trying to convey something to its bearer. This can be theorized that the stone is also a sentient material capable of feeling and judgement. In "Darna! Ang Pagbabalik" (1994), the stone was forcibly taken from Narda, and due to the altercation, she temporarily lost her sanity. Once she regained the stone, it projects memories of her as Darna though flashes of light, an effort of the White Stone to restore her mind into its rightful state.


title: Darna

text: Although the original comic book lore written by Mars Ravelo himself does not go into detail about the origins of the magic white stone (other than the Darna entity contained within came from the planet Marte), other iterations of Darna had their own explanation of how the magic white stone came to be. In the 1991 film, there is no origin for the stone, but it was shown that it could restore any serpentine-humanoid to its youth. The 1994 film version showed it came from heaven and it was given by an angel to Narda, because she will be the one who can stop the emissary of the Devil who will soon come to their world. In the 2022 TV series, the stone came from the planet Marte, as a gift to the most qualified individual, this was given to Zora (the first Darna) then was passed on to her half-human daughter, Narda.


title: Darna

text: The White Stone is one of the most coveted objects of the franchise, in movies and series, the White Stone was fought upon for its possession, mostly by the enemies, to use its power for world domination. In the 1991 movie, the Devil wants the stone instead of Darna presumably to use its power to increase its own. In the 1994 movie, the stone was stolen from Narda to use its power to restore Valentina to her youth. In the 2005 TV series, the White Stone in conjunction with the Black Stone are needed to access much devastating power. In the 2009 TV version, the enemies of the first Darna sought the stone to absorbed its powers, which they were successfully able to do temporarily, the abilities and powers were able to be regained by the new Darna after defeating them in their respective battles.


title: Darna

text: To add, a new theme in both 2009 and 2022 TV series were added, particularly the story where a new chosen individual will inherit the White Stone from the original Darna, basically becoming a tradition that when the world will need Darna, a new one will be chosen by the Stone to assume the mantle. In the 2009 version, Narda (Marian Rivera) was chosen by the stone to replace an unnamed mortal (goes by the name Gabay (in English: Guide)) who was the first Darna that appeared in the 1940s. In the 2022 version, the enemies of planet Marte sought the stone for its power, Zora/Darna fought the enemies, she escaped Marte and accidentally landed on Earth. The Stone eventually chooses her daughter to become the next Darna so Zora, known on Earth as Leonor, had no choice but to train her daughter in the art of combat so that she will be ready.


title: Darna

text: Little is known about Darna's origin, but the stone came from heaven like a meteorite until it is immediately found by a little girl named Narda, this storyline is actually similar to the 1991 version of the stone's origin, minus the vision of the Angel.


title: Darna

text: In the 2009 version, whoever inherits the stone and don the mantle of Darna will inherit the following abilities:


title: Darna

text: Darna's costume has varied over time, although almost all of her costume incarnations have retained some form of red bikini with a gold star on each brassiere cup, red headdress/helmet with a ruby set on a gold-winged ornament, gold bracelets, gold medallion belt with a loincloth, and near knee-high red boots.


title: Darna

text: Darna is a character that fused together the concept of a superhero with the traditions of Philippine folklore. The yellow/gold stars come from the Philippine flag, the loincloth ("bahag") is a visual inspiration from native clothing, and the "agimat" come from Filipino folklore and superstition. Filipino folklore has a tradition of presenting humble, pure hearted mortals that are awarded amulets that allow them to (in a way) transform their virtues into superpowers that allow them to battle supernatural evil.


title: Darna

text: In 1977, Kitchie Benedicto of KBS-9 produced the first Darna TV series with then young actress Lorna Tolentino as Darna/Narda. Tolentino was the first to wear a one-piece costume with gold stars instead of the classic two-piece bikini. Another detail that changed in this version were Darna's accessories, instead of ruby, her red helmet had a large star in the middle of the gold winged medallion, and the gold belt had an even larger star in the middle. Her golden cuff bracelets also had a red lining. While her red thigh-high wedged boots had large gold star details.


title: Darna

text: In 1979, two Darna films were made. In the parody film "Darna, Kuno?" starring Dolphy, he wore an inflating red bikini top with gold dots surrounding the gold stars, all gold helmet, belt, cuff bracelets, and knee-high boots. Brenda Del Rio, a pregnant Darna, wore the two-piece costume as well. She had a red bikini top with gold star details on each brassiere caps, blue bottoms, and all gold headpiece with a winged medallion at the center, cuff bracelets, thigh-high boots, and belt minus the loincloth. After giving birth, Darna came back with her baby also dressed up as Darna. Lotis Key also put on the same costume as Del Rio. In "Bira, Darna, Bira!" starring Rio Locsin, she wore the classic red bikini with gold stars, red helmet with an encircled star in the middle of the gold winged medallion, bracelets with gold stars and red straps, red knee-high boots, star-filled medallion belt and short yellow loincloth with red details, with the addition of a gold-embellished red choker. This time, Ding, played by Romnick Sarmenta, also had his own superhero costume. He wore a red mask, long sleeve shirt and boots, and blue shorts.


title: Darna

text: Santos wore a shiny red bra with gold stars and chains, shiny blue shorts with white loincloth, and red and gold helmet with the gold winged medallion. Her bracelets, belt and boots were all-gold. This time, Ding (played by Niño Muhlach) also had his own superhero costume together with his own superpowers. He wore red long-sleeved leotard and boots, and red helmet with gold winged medallion.