title: Tony Hancock

text: Hancock continued to make regular appearances on British television until 1967, including a 50 minute show for BBC2 from the Royal Festival Hall, which was poorly received. By then his alcoholism was seriously affecting his performances. Two unsuccessful variety series for ABC Weekend TV, "The Blackpool Show" (1966) and "Hancock's" (1967), were his last work for British television. He tried a role in a Disney film - "The Adventures of Bullwhip Griffin" - but was sacked after reportedly having trouble with the mock-Shakespearian dialogue. He collapsed with a liver attack on 1 January 1967 and was told he would die within three months if he continued drinking. In December 1967, while recovering from a broken rib from a drunken fall, he became ill with pneumonia. His final television appearances were in Australia under a contract to make a 13-part series for the Seven Network. However, after arriving in Australia in March 1968, only three programmes were completed and remained unaired for nearly four years. These shows are the only existing television footage of him in colour, as all his shows up to this point had been made for black-and-white television.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Freddie Ross worked as his publicist from 1954 and became more involved in his life, eventually becoming his mistress. He divorced Cicely in 1965 and married Ross in December of that year. This second marriage was short-lived. During these years Hancock was also involved with Joan Le Mesurier (née Malin), the new wife of actor John Le Mesurier, Hancock's best friend and a regular supporting character-actor from his television series. Joan was later to describe the relationship in her book "Lady Don't Fall Backwards", including the claim that her husband readily forgave the affair; he is quoted as saying that if it had been anyone else he would not have understood it, but with Tony Hancock it made sense. In July 1966 Freddie took an overdose but survived. Arriving in Blackpool to record an edition of his variety series, Hancock was met by pressmen asking about his wife's attempted suicide. The final dissolution of the marriage took place a few days before Hancock's own suicide.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Cicely developed her own problems with alcohol and died from a fall in 1969, the year after the death of her former husband. Freddie Hancock survived her broken marriage and resumed her career as a prominent publicist and agent in the film and television industry. Based in New York City for many years, she founded the East Coast chapter of BAFTA, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Hancock took his own life by an overdose, in Sydney, on 25 June 1968, aged 44. He was found dead in his Bellevue Hill flat with an empty vodka bottle and a scattering of amylo-barbitone tablets.


title: Tony Hancock

text: In one of his suicide notes he wrote: "Things just seemed to go too wrong too many times." His ashes were taken to England by satirist Willie Rushton and were buried in St Dunstan's Church in Cranford, London.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Asked by Van Morrison about his relationship with Hancock, Spike Milligan commented in 1989: "Very difficult man to get on with. He used to drink excessively. You felt sorry for him. He ended up on his own. I thought, he's got rid of everybody else, he's going to get rid of himself and he did."


title: Tony Hancock

text: There is a sculpture by Bruce Williams (1996) in his honour in Old Square, Corporation Street, Birmingham, a plaque on the house where he was born in Hall Green, Birmingham, and a plaque on the wall of the hotel in Bournemouth where he spent some of his early life. There is also a plaque, placed by the Dead Comics Society, at 10 Grey Close, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London, where he lived in 1947 and 1948. In 2014, an English Heritage blue plaque was placed to commemorate Hancock at 20 Queen's Gate Place in South Kensington, London, where he lived between 1952 and 1958.


title: Tony Hancock

text: In a 2002 poll, BBC radio listeners voted Hancock their favourite British comedian. Commenting on this poll, Ray Galton and Alan Simpson observed that modern-day creations such as Alan Partridge and David Brent owed much of their success to mimicking dominant features of Tony Hancock's character. "The thing they've all got in common is self-delusion," they remarked, in a statement issued by the BBC. "They all think they're more intelligent than everyone else, more cultured, that people don't recognise their true greatness – self-delusion in every sense. And there's nothing people like better than failure." Mary Kalemkerian, Head of Programmes for BBC 7, commented: "Classic comedians such as Tony Hancock and the Goons are obviously still firm favourites with BBC radio listeners. Age doesn't seem to matter – if it's funny, it's funny." Dan Peat of the Tony Hancock Appreciation Society said of the poll: "It's fantastic news. If he was alive, he would have taken it one of two ways. He would probably have made some kind of dry crack, but in truth he would have been chuffed."


title: Tony Hancock

text: The last eight or so years of Hancock's life were the subject of a BBC1 television film, called "Hancock" (1991), starring Alfred Molina. Another drama, "" (BBC Four, 2006), saw Martin Trenaman play the role of Hancock with Michael Sheen as Williams. Hancock's affair with Joan Le Mesurier was also dramatised in "Hancock and Joan" on BBC Four and transmitted in 2008 as part of the 'Curse of Comedy' season. Hancock was portrayed by Ken Stott and Joan by Maxine Peake.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Musician Pete Doherty is a fan of Hancock and named the first album by his band the Libertines "Up the Bracket" after one of Hancock's catchphrases. He also wrote a song called "Lady Don't Fall Backwards" after the book at the centre of the "Hancock's Half Hour" episode "The Missing Page". Hancock is also referenced in the lyrics to The Libertines’ 2015 song "You're My Waterloo ".


title: Tony Hancock

text: Paul Merton, in 1996, appeared in remakes of six of Galton and Simpson's "Hancock" scripts, which were not critically well received. In 2014, five of the wiped radio instalments of "Hancock's Half Hour", chosen by Galton and Simpson, were re-staged for BBC Radio 4 under the umbrella title "The Missing Hancocks", with Kevin McNally taking the title role.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Playwright Roy Smiles' play about Tony Hancock: "The Lad Himself", was staged at the Edinburgh Festival in 2013 with Mark Brailsford as Tony Hancock.


title: Tony Hancock

text: Episodes and anthologies from the radio series were released on vinyl LP in the 1960s, as well as four re-makes of television scripts; an annual LP was issued of radio episodes (without the incidental music) between 1980 and 1984. Much of this material was also available on cassette in later years.


title: Tony Hancock

text: The BBC issued CDs of the surviving 74 radio episodes in six box sets, one per series, with the sixth box containing several out-of-series specials. This was followed by the release of one large box set containing all the others in a special presentation case; while it includes no extra material, the larger box alone (without any CDs) still fetches high prices on online marketplaces like eBay, where Hancock memorabilia remains a thriving industry. There have also been numerous VHS releases of the BBC television series.


title: Tony Hancock

text: While five separate Region 2 DVDs were previously issued, some of the surviving episodes were unavailable until "The Tony Hancock BBC Collection" (eight DVDs) appeared in 2007. Episodes of the radio series are often broadcast on the digital radio station BBC Radio 4 Extra.


title: Clone trooper

text: Clone troopers are fictional characters in the "Star Wars" franchise created by George Lucas. They have been featured in a number of "Star Wars" media, including the live-action films "" (2002) and "" (2005), the animated film "" (2008) and its follow-up (2008–2014; 2020), the "Star Wars Rebels" animated series (2014–2018), and the "" animated series (2021-), as well as comics, novels, and video games of the "Star Wars Legends" expanded universe.


title: Clone trooper

text: Within the "Star Wars" franchise mythology, clone troopers are artificially produced soldiers. The clone troopers were created at special cloning facilities on the planet Kamino from the DNA of bounty hunter Jango Fett to serve as the military of the Galactic Republic during the Clone Wars, which takes its name from the troopers. All clones are genetically engineered to age at twice the rate of a normal human in order to be ready for deployment much quicker, and be loyal to the higher chain of command. During the Clone Wars, they served under the command of the Jedi Order and fought against the droid armies of the Confederacy of Independent Systems (CIS), a movement organized by numerous planets that sought to secede from the Republic. At the end of the war, Palpatine, the Supreme Chancellor (ruler) of the Republic and secretly a Sith Lord who used the conflict to gain political power, issued Order 66, which branded the Jedi as traitors and caused the clone troopers, under the influence of an inhibitor chip implanted in their brains, to execute them. Following the formation of the Galactic Empire, clone troopers became more and more uncommon as they were slowly replaced by stormtroopers. One notable legion that remained composed entirely of clones was the 501st Legion, which served directly under Darth Vader.


title: Clone trooper

text: During development of "The Empire Strikes Back", Lucas initially conceived a planet of clones, which is why the Clone Wars was mentioned for the first time in the original "Star Wars" (1977) film. The clone trooper armor was designed to suggest an evolution into the stormtroopers of the original trilogy, and it incorporated features from both the armor of stormtroopers and Boba Fett, revealed in "Attack of the Clones" to be an unaltered clone of Jango. The armored troopers in "Attack of the Clones" and "Revenge of the Sith" are computer-generated images voiced by Temuera Morrison, who played Jango. Younger clones were played by Bodie Taylor and Daniel Logan, who played the younger Boba. Clones not wearing helmets were played by both Morrison and Taylor, who wore bodysuits to isolate their heads, and some clone troopers featured a blend of the actors' features. In "The Clone Wars" film and all animated television series, adult clone troopers are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker and child clone troopers are voiced by Logan.


title: Clone trooper

text: While the prequel trilogy depicted clone troopers as soldiers lacking any personality, "The Clone Wars" introduced numerous clones with distinctive traits, who quickly became fan favorites. The television series in particular humanized the clones, exploring their motivations and feelings about the Clone Wars. Since then, numerous "Star Wars" works set during the Clone Wars era have featured clone troopers as main characters. Clone troopers have become cultural icons, and a widely recognized element of the "Star Wars" franchise.


title: Clone trooper

text: In writing "The Empire Strikes Back", Leigh Brackett's first draft of the film initially developed Lando Calrissian as a clone from a planet of clones involved in the Clone Wars mentioned in "A New Hope" and were nearly made extinct by the war, but this concept was not featured in the final film. George Lucas later came up with the alternate concept of an army of clone shock troops from a remote planet used by the Republic in the war that followed. Lucas intended for the prequel trilogy to depict the evolution of the galaxy's fighting forces, and the clone troopers were the step after flawed battle droids.


title: Clone trooper

text: Clone troopers were designed to strongly suggest the army's evolution into the Empire's stormtrooper army. Concept artist Jay Shuster said of the armor design, "It follows the formula for a lot of the prequel trilogy. Take something pre-conceived in the existing trilogy and de-generate it." Design Director Doug Chiang incorporated both features of the Boba Fett and stormtrooper armor into the design, acknowledging the "vague assertion in "Star Wars" lore" that Fett's armor was connected to those of the stormtroopers. Initial concept models implied that the first generation armor was thicker and bulkier than stormtrooper armor, and this characteristic was retained by the art department for "Revenge of the Sith". Lucas expressed a desire for individualized trooper armor from the beginning of art development for "Revenge of the Sith." Several variations were largely dictated by environmental needs, but others were influenced of the 2003 "" and the desert stormtroopers of "A New Hope". The clone trooper designs "progressed" closer toward the stormtrooper designs, and the film included variant designs similar to the sandtrooper, scout trooper, and snowtrooper armor of the original trilogy.


title: Clone trooper

text: The designs of clone trooper in snow and cold weather gear, seen in season one of "The Clone Wars", are heavily inspired by early concept and costume by Ralph McQuarrie, Joe Johnston, and John Mollo for "The Empire Strikes Back".


title: Clone trooper

text: In "Attack of the Clones" and "Revenge of the Sith", all clone troopers are computer-generated images and are voiced by Temuera Morrison, who played the clone template Jango Fett. The child clone troopers were played by Daniel Logan, who also played Jango's clone son Boba Fett, and the clone troopers as young men were played by Bodie Taylor, who was cast for his resemblance to a younger Morrison. Taylor was filmed multiple times and composited to fill out crowded shots set in Tipoca City, and in some cases, such as for distant shots, he was entirely digital.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Cody, seen in armor without his helmet in "Revenge of the Sith", was played by Morrison. He wore a blue bodysuit and only footage of his head was used for Cody; he held a stormtrooper helmet to approximate the digital clone trooper helmet Cody carries. Like Morrison, Taylor also played armored and unhelmeted clones in "Revenge of the Sith", wearing a blue bodysuit that isolated his head. Some clone troopers were entirely digital and featured a digital blend of Morrison's and Taylor's facial features. The armor was match-animated to the actors' bodies.


title: Clone trooper

text: The clone troopers are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker in the 2008 animated film "" and its related . Baker attempted to give each clone trooper a unique voice, taking into account personality, age, and position within the unit, sometimes describing the clone in a single adjective and focusing on that descriptor for the voice work. Each clone was voiced individually, with all the clone's lines for the episode recorded at one time before moving to another character, and the dialogue was edited together.


title: Clone trooper

text: Logan voiced the young clone troopers in seasons two and three of the 2008 television series. Baker reprises his role in the 2014 "Rebels" and 2021 "" animated series'.


title: Clone trooper

text: In "" (2002), Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi discovers the clone army on Kamino. He is told by the Kaminoans that Jedi Master Sifo-Dyas ordered the army on the Republic's behalf ten years prior; however, Sifo-Dyas' apparent death shortly before that timeframe leads the Jedi Order to doubt this. The clone troopers are cloned from Jango Fett, a bounty hunter hired by a man named Tyranus, later revealed to be Sith Lord Count Dooku. The clone troopers' genetics are altered so that they age at twice the normal rate and are more loyal and easier to command. The clone army is deployed to Geonosis under the command of the Jedi to rescue Obi-Wan, Anakin Skywalker, and Padmé Amidala from execution by the Separatists. The ensuing battle becomes the first one in the Clone Wars. Although the clone army emerges victorious, Dooku and many other Separatist leaders escape, meaning that the war has only just begun.


title: Clone trooper

text: In (2005), set three years later, the clone army continues to fight in the Clone Wars against the Separatist battle droid army. However, just as it appears that the Republic will win the war, Chancellor Palpatine, secretly the Sith Lord Darth Sidious, orders the clone army to execute Order 66, turning them against the Jedi. The clone troopers kill their Jedi commanders, although a few manage to escape, while the 501st Legion, led by the newly christened Darth Vader, storms the Jedi Temple, burning it and killing the Jedi inside, which effectively ends the Jedi Order. Following Vader's assassination of the remaining Separatist leaders, Palpatine transforms the Republic into the Galactic Empire and the clone army becomes the basis of the Imperial Army.


title: Clone trooper

text: Clone troopers are referenced in "" (2015) when Kylo Ren chides General Hux for the betrayal of rogue stormtrooper FN-2187 and suggests that Supreme Leader Snoke should consider a clone army.


title: Clone trooper

text: Clone troopers are heavily featured in the 2008 animated film "", which spawned an that lasted until 2014, with a final season released in 2020. Many named clone troopers are introduced and given individual personalities, serving as the focus of several story arcs. In the 6th season, more of the nature of "Order 66" is revealed when a clone trooper named Fives discovers that he and his brothers have chips implanted into their brains that would compel them to kill Jedi when "Order 66" is uttered. Ultimately, the Jedi remained unaware of this as Fives was executed by a shock trooper clone ordered by Palpatine to conceal the existence of the contingency order.


title: Clone trooper

text: The 2014 animated TV show "Star Wars Rebels" features a group of former clone troopers, including Rex from the preceding cartoon, who had their chips removed and therefore did not carry out Order 66. They are first introduced in the second season, about 16 years after "Revenge of the Sith". These clones help the crew of the "Ghost" in their fight against the Empire, and eventually join the Rebel Alliance. "Rebels" established that in the years after the Clone Wars, the Empire gradually replaced the aging clones with the less-effective but more numerous stormtroopers. The clones were not purged, but simply cast aside over time, and without familial or social networks to fall back onto it was difficult for them to integrate into civilian life. In a behind the scenes Q&A for episode 2.2, when asked what happened to the Clone Troopers after the war ended, producer Pablo Hidalgo explained: "A lot of different things happened to them. Some of them had pretty sad situations. In many ways the Clone Troopers are sort of this 'lost generation' of unappreciated veterans who helped save the galaxy and were then discarded." He went on to explain that a small handful of Clone Troopers were kept in service as instructors at imperial academies across the galaxy, training up the next generation of non-clone soldiers as the new Stormtroopers.


title: Clone trooper

text: The 2021 animated series "" focuses on the eponymous team called Clone Force 99, a squad of clone commandos with deliberately modified genetic traits granting them mildly superhuman abilities. The first season begins during Order 66 and its aftermath, as the Republic transitions into the Empire. Most of them are explained to have ignored Order 66 because the extensive alterations to their DNA structures prevented the inhibitor chips, which compelled the other clones to carry out the directive, from functioning properly. The only exception for this is Crosshair, who is eventually reprogrammed by Admiral Tarkin to make him totally loyal to the new Empire and thus the Bad Batch's enemy. The Bad Batch also ends up taking in a young female clone named Omega, who is, like them, a genetical deviant and therefore feels a kinship with them. In the first season, Admiral Tarkin directly explains the switchover from Clone Troopers to Stormtroopers, citing that a recruitment-based army of non-clones costs half as much as the clones: while recruits are not as well trained, there is a vast supply of them, and they are meant more for pacification duty than wartime combat.


title: Clone trooper

text: In the 2022 live-action TV series "Obi-Wan Kenobi", during the first season Obi-Wan (played by Ewan McGregor reprising his role) is walking through a city on the planet Daiyu, where he encounters a former Clone Trooper (again played by Temuera Morrison), now a disheveled homeless veteran begging on the streets. This is in keeping with Hidalgo's explanation during "Rebels" of what happened to most Clone Troopers after the war ended.


title: Clone trooper

text: In the novels "Lords of the Sith" by Paul S. Kemp, and "Tarkin" by James Luceno, several clone troopers are still in active service during the early years of the Empire's reign, such as among stormtroopers serving Darth Vader, and even among the Emperor's elite Imperial Guard.


title: Clone trooper

text: In the "Legend"s game "", the only clone troopers were fitted with new armour and weapons, and became the Imperial Deathtroopers, Purge Troopers and Royal Elite Guards of the Empire. Later, a combination of natural-born humans as well as clones from different donor templates would be incorporated into the Stormtrooper corps.


title: Clone trooper

text: The Coruscant Guard is a division of the Grand Army of the Republic tasked with internal security and peacekeeping operations on Coruscant, protecting "soft target" public spaces and important "hard target" buildings, and serving as escorts and guards on diplomatic missions. They first appear in "Episode III: Revenge of the Sith", where they search for Yoda's body in the Senate building after his duel with Darth Sidious and later help Sidious recover Darth Vader's body on Mustafar. The Coruscant Guard appears in "The Clone Wars" film and television series, led by Commander Fox. They hunt Jedi fugitive Ahsoka Tano when she is framed for the bombing of the Jedi Temple and for murder in season five, and they search for ARC trooper Fives when he is framed for an assassination attempt on Supreme Chancellor Palpatine in season six. In season seven, a skirmish broke out onboard former Jedi Padawan Ahsoka Tano's Venator-class Star Destroyer during the final days of the Clone Wars when clone troopers of the 332nd Company and Coruscant Guard received Order 66 from Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine. Members of the Coruscant Guard wear armor with red markings, and are often referred to as shock troopers.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Fox, CC-1010, led the Coruscant Guard, an elite clone trooper unit assigned to serve as peace-keepers on the Galactic Republic capital. Following the Battle on Teth, Fox's squad rescued Senator Padmé Amidala from Ziro the Hutt. Fox stormed Ziro's Palace, took out his battle droids, and freed Amidala. Ziro was taken to the Republic Judiciary Central Detention Center. When Cad Bane entered the Senate building and held a number of Senators and the Supreme Chancellor hostage, Fox led a company of the Coruscant Guard to cut off his escape. Unfortunately, Bane had rigged the chamber and the hostages with explosives. Seeing this, Fox ordered his men to stand down and allowed the bounty hunter and his team to leave the Senate building.


title: Clone trooper

text: Like every other clone trooper in the Guard, Fox was bound by honor and duty to protect and serve the Supreme Chancellor and the members of the Galactic Senate. Utterly fearless, he was always the first to lead the charge into battle, even in the most perilous combat situations. His unquestionable loyalty meant he would carry out his orders without question, even if it meant killing a Jedi or another "brother". His exemplary performance has made him one of the most highly decorated soldiers in the Republic army. Additional sources state that Fox continued his duty on Coruscant, until an error on his part led Darth Vader to execute him by force snapping his neck.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Thire, CC-4477, is a Coruscant Guard clone shock trooper who served as a lieutenant in the Coruscant Guard of the Grand Army of the Republic. During the Clone Wars, he accompanied Grand Master Yoda of the Jedi Order on a diplomatic assignment to meet with King Katuunko of Toydaria. In the course of their mission Yoda inspired his clone troopers to take strength from their individual traits, such as Thire's patience.


title: Clone trooper

text: Following the initiation of Order 66 and the subsequent confrontation between Yoda and Emperor Palpatine in 19 BBY, Thire and his troopers were ordered to hunt the Jedi Master. The failure to locate his body convinced Mas Amedda that Yoda was still alive, leading the Emperor to order Thire to resume the search. However, Yoda succeeded in escaping from Coruscant with the aid of Senator Bail Organa. Thire later accompanied Palpatine to Mustafar to recover the critically wounded Darth Vader.


title: Clone trooper

text: The 501st Legion is a division of the Grand Army of the Republic—in both canon and "Legends"—under the command of Jedi General Anakin Skywalker and Padawan Commander Ahsoka Tano. The 501st fought against the droid forces of CIS (the Confederacy of Independent Systems) throughout the Clone Wars.


title: Clone trooper

text: The 501st first appears unnamed in "Revenge of the Sith" under the leadership of Commander Appo, and they assault the Jedi Temple on Coruscant under Order 66. The 501st Legion also appears extensively throughout "Star Wars Battlefront" video game franchise and "The Clone Wars" television series, under the leadership of Captain Rex of Torrent Company. In the "Star Wars Legends" expanded universe, after the conversion of the Republic into the Galactic Empire, the 501st Legion (nicknamed "Vader's Fist") is placed under the command of General Maximilian Veers that serves as Darth Vader's personal battalion. In current Canon media, the 501st still remain under the command of Vader, however a new group named the First Legion is established as his personal task force, which recruits only from 501st ranks. Members of the 501st Legion wear armor with blue markings. The unit is named after the 501st Legion costuming group.


title: Clone trooper

text: During "Star Wars Celebration" 2016, Dave Filoni stated that in a planned story arc for "The Clone Wars", Ahsoka, who has left the Jedi Order, is given (honorary) command of part of the 501st Legion, 332nd Company, including Captain Rex; those under her command repaint their helmets orange and adorn them with Ahsoka's togruta (lekku) markings. She leads them at the siege of Mandalore, which takes place at the same time as the beginning of (19BBY). It would later be a part of the new Season 7 episodes on Disney+.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Appo, CC-1119, served in the 501st Legion under the command of Jedi General Anakin Skywalker. He first appears in "Episode III: Revenge of the Sith", in which he and other members of the 501st carry out Order 66 and follow Anakin, now Darth Vader, in attacking the Jedi Temple on Coruscant. He stops Senator Bail Organa from entering the Temple. Appo later appears in season four of "The Clone Wars" television series as a sergeant in the 501st serving under clone Captain Rex. His armor bears blue markings. In "The Clone Wars" television series, his helmet is adorned with a white arrow in reference to Appa of the "" television series, on which "The Clone Wars" supervising director Dave Filoni worked.


title: Clone trooper

text: Captain Rex, CT-7567, leads Torrent Company of the 501st Legion, often under the command of Jedi General Anakin Skywalker and Jedi Commander Ahsoka Tano. He first appears in "The Clone Wars" film and its related television series, and he is the primary clone trooper character of the series. In the seventh season of the series (which overlaps with "Revenge of the Sith"), Rex is promoted to Commander and leads part of the 501st Legion, called the 332nd legion (Ahsoka Troopers) in the Siege of Mandalore alongside Ahsoka. When Order 66 is issued, he attempts to execute Ahsoka, but she removes his chip and restores his free will, before the pair part ways. Rex later appears in the "Rebels" television series, set fourteen years after "Revenge of the Sith". Now a much older man because of his accelerated aging, he lives on the wasteland planet Seelos and hunted worm-like joopa with fellow clones Wolffe and Gregor before they are offered a place in the Rebel Alliance, which leads to Rex reuniting with Ahsoka. In the series' epilogue, it is mentioned that Rex fought in several battles throughout the Galactic Civil War, most notably the battle of Endor.


title: Clone trooper

text: ARC trooper Fives, CT-27-5555, serves alongside fellow ARC trooper Echo. He first appears in "The Clone Wars" season one episode "Rookies" as a regular trooper. He and his unit are assigned to a remote listening outpost that is invaded by Separatist droids. Though the invasion is successfully repelled, only Fives and Echo survive, and they are reassigned to the 501st Legion. The season three episode "Clone Cadets" depicts Fives and his unit as cadets in training on Kamino. The unit, called Domino squad, consists also of cadets Cutup, Droidbait, and Hevy. They are initially unable to work together to pass their final test. Fives and Echo feel weighed down by the others in the squad and ask to be reassigned, but the request is denied. Under the advice of Jedi General Shaak Ti, Fives and Echo recommit themselves to Domino, and the squad is able to pass. Fives and Echo are eventually promoted to ARC troopers together for their actions while defending Kamino and continue serving with the 501st. When assigned to the command of Jedi General Pong Krell during the campaign on Umbara, Fives finds Krell's disregard for clone trooper lives appalling and openly disagrees with Krell and with Captain Rex, who is insistent on following orders. After discovering how to pilot Umbaran fighters, Fives, along with fellow clones Jesse and Hardcase disobey direct orders and destroy Umbaran supply ships delivering arms to the Umbaran Capital using the starfighters, with Hardcase sacrificing himself in the process. Though their actions allow a Republic victory, Krell, without process of a court-martial, finds Fives and Jesse guilty of treason and sentences them to execution by firing squad. However, Fives urges his fellow troopers to see this as an injustice, and the firing squad refuses to execute him. After Krell is ousted as a Republic Traitor, Fives is freed from custody and aids Rex and the 501st in arresting Krell, with clone trooper Dogma eventually using Fives’ blaster to execute Krell.


title: Clone trooper

text: In season six, during a battle over Ringo Vinda, Fives and the 501st are winning the battle until fellow clone Tup mysteriously executes Jedi General Tiplar, forcing the 501st to retreat. After rescuing Tup from Separatists and delivering him to Kamino for a medical investigation, Fives discovers a mysterious tumour in Tup's head before the latter dies. After realising the Kaminoans intend to wipe his mind, Fives launches his own investigation and realises the “tumour” in Tup's head is an inhibitor chip implanted in every clone from a young stage. Jedi Master Shaak Ti brings him to inform Palpatine about the chips, where Palpatine, being the true mastermind behind the conspiracy, reveals the chips’ true purpose to Fives. He frames Fives for an assassination attempt, initiating a manhunt for Fives. With the help of 501st medic Kix, Fives is able to contact Rex and Anakin Skywalker, and he attempts to warn them of the conspiracy and of Palpatine's involvement. He is ultimately killed by Commander Fox of the Coruscant Guard and dies in Rex's arms.


title: Clone trooper

text: Fives' name is derived from his designation number (CT-27-5555), which features fives in sequence. He is distinguished by a goatee and a stylized numeral five tattoo on his right temple. His armor bears blue markings, and a stylized worm creature adorns his helmets; after his promotion to ARC trooper, he also wears light gray pauldrons on his shoulders and kilt-like kama painted with blue stripes. He regards duty and honor above orders and protocol, feeling that there is no honor in following foolish orders and marching to his death. He insists that clone troopers be referred to by name, not number, and that they are soldiers, not units, and should be treated as such. He is a close friend of Rex and, after the apparent death of Echo, considers his best friend to be fellow trooper Tup, who aids Fives against Krell and is one of the first to refuse executing Fives when given the order by Krell. When Tup begins behaving abnormally due to his inhibitor chip malfunctioning, Fives goes to great lengths and disregards order to attempt to save Tup's life and, later, discover the true cause of Tup's death. With his dying words, he describes attempting to expose the conspiracy to have been his duty.


title: Clone trooper

text: ARC trooper Echo, CT-21-0408, sometimes CT-1409, serves alongside fellow ARC trooper Fives. He first appears in "The Clone Wars" season one episode "Rookies" as a regular trooper. He and his unit are assigned to a remote listening outpost that is invaded by Separatist droids. Though the invasion is successfully repelled, only Echo and Fives survive, and they are reassigned to the 501st Legion. The season three episode "Clone Cadets" depicts Echo and his unit as cadets in training on Kamino. The unit, called Domino squad, is initially unable to work together to pass their final test. Echo and Fives feel weighed down by the others in the squad and ask to be reassigned, but the request is denied. Under the advice of Jedi General Shaak Ti, Echo and Fives recommit themselves to Domino, and the squad is able to pass. Echo and Fives are eventually promoted to ARC troopers together for their actions while defending Kamino and continue serving with the 501st. Echo is apparently killed in an explosion during a rescue operation in the season three episode "Counter Attack".


title: Clone trooper

text: Story reels for a previously unfinished four-episode arc called "Bad Batch" (initially part of "The Clone Wars" Legacy project, the episodes were later released on Disney+ in their completed state) revealed that Echo survived and was captured by the Separatists. He was modified into a cyborg able to communicate directly to computers and tasked with decoding the Republic strategy algorithm. Echo is rescued by Captain Rex, and with his ability to understand Separatist transmissions, he plays a key role in the Battle of Anaxes, earning a victory against the Separatists. After the mission, Echo decided to join Clone Force 99. He remained with them beyond the formation of the Galactic Empire, and was present for Clone Force 99's desertion from the Empire and subsequent run from his former squadmate, Crosshair. Echo would eventually survive the destruction of Tipoca City, capital of Kamino.


title: Clone trooper

text: Echo's armor bears blue markings, and a blue handprint adorns his chest-plate, created when Rex touched it while covered in eel blood during Echo's first mission. After his promotion to ARC trooper, Echo also wears light gray pauldrons on his shoulders and a kilt-like kama painted in an asymmetrical white and blue design. Later, after his rescue from Separatist capture, he is visibly a cyborg, with various apparatus protruding from his head and a droid plug in place of his right hand; post-rescue, he takes to wearing what appears to be a stripped-down variant on Standard Phase II Armor. Throughout his appearances, he is characterized as one who strictly follows orders, regulations, and protocol. Echo's name is given to him by Domino squad on Kamino as a sarcastic reference to his tendency to immediately repeat orders, even if his squad already heard.


title: Clone trooper

text: ARC Lieutenant Jesse, CT-5597, is a member in the 501st Legion. In season four's Battle of Umbara, Jesse, like Fives comes to consider General Pong Krell to be ruthless and reckless (mainly over the casualty numbers). He later helps Fives and Hardcase on a rogue mission to destroy a Separatist supply ship, which succeeds at the cost of Hardcase's life. In season seven, he takes part in the Siege of Mandalore, during which he is captured and interrogated by Maul, and later attempts to execute Ahsoka Tano when Order 66 is issued. After Commander Rex has his chip removed and sides with Ahsoka, Jesse accuses him of treason and tries to kill him as well, but dies along with all the troopers aboard when the "Venator"-class Star Destroyer they are on crashes on a small moon, and is buried by Ahsoka and Rex.


title: Clone trooper

text: Jesse is distinguished by his shaved hair with the Republic symbol tattooed on most of his head. His armor bears blue markings with the Republic symbol on the center.


title: Clone trooper

text: Kix, CT-6116, is a medic serving in the 501st Legion. In season six, Kix aids Fives, a fugitive because he discovered the inhibitor chip conspiracy. The short story "The Crimson Corsair and the Lost Treasure of Count Dooku" reveals that this action prompted Count Dooku to capture Kix, who discovered the conspiracy himself by the time of his capture. With droids failing to secure a confession, Kix was frozen in stasis for delivery to Dooku. The ship crashed into a planet during a randomized hyperspace jump to escape a Republic attack and protect "Dooku's prize". Fifty years later, Kix is released from stasis by pirates searching for "the lost treasure of Count Dooku". Kix is taken aboard the Corsair's ship and welcomed to their endeavor of raiding forgotten Separatist bases.


title: Clone trooper

text: Kix is distinguished by his shaved hair and a phrase translating to "a good droid is a dead one" tattooed across his head. His armor bears blue markings, and his Phase II armor bears a red insignia marking him as a medic. He is "dedicated to preserving the life of his brothers", and he even tells an injured Captain Rex, "As the team medic, when it comes to the health of the men, including you, I outrank everyone." However, he still has "no qualms about fighting the enemy".


title: Clone trooper

text: Tup, CT-5385, was part of the 501st legion under Captain Rex. He served in the Umbara campaign and was key to the capture of treasonous Jedi General Pong Krell, supporting and siding with his friend Fives even after Fives had been condemned to death by Krell and stunning the Jedi after a fierce battle with mutinous 501st clones led by Rex. In the sixth season, Tup suffered a malfunction in a biotechnical chip implanted in his brain shortly after his creation by the Kaminoans. Intended to ensure that the clones obeyed Order 66, the chip caused Tup to shoot and kill Jedi General Tiplar despite not having been ordered to. As Tup was being shipped back to Kamino for evaluation, he was kidnapped by the Separatists (who wanted to know why his chip had malfunctioned), only to be recovered shortly afterwards. Tup's actions led to the discovery of the chips by both the Jedi and the clones themselves, but Tup died of medical complications soon afterwards. Though Fives attempted to avenge Tup's death by finding the truth behind the chips, he was killed by Commander Fox, before he could reveal what he had learned; Tup's actions and death were officially declared the results of a locally acquired virus.


title: Clone trooper

text: Tup's armor featured the blue markings common in the 501st, as well as an image of a single blue teardrop underneath the right eye of his helmet; this matched a tattoo on his face.


title: Clone trooper

text: The 212th Attack Battalion is a division of the Grand Army of the Republic under the command of Jedi General Obi-Wan Kenobi and his subordinate, Commander Cody. The 212th fought against the droid forces of the Confederacy of Independent Systems throughout the Clone Wars. A component of the 7th Sky Corps of the Third Systems Army, it consisted of both standard clone infantry and clone paratroopers. The battalion fought on a multitude of worlds throughout the Clone Wars, including early campaigns on Christophsis, Teth, Ryloth, Saleucami and Geonosis, to latter battles on Kiros, Sarrish, Moorjhone and Umbara. The 212th was also involved in numerous special operations missions; which included an infiltration mission on Lola Sayu.


title: Clone trooper

text: By the third and last year of the conflict, the 212th led an invasion of the Separatist-controlled worlds, including Anaxes and Utapau. During the latter battle, Kenobi killed General Grievous, marking a major loss for the Separatists and bringing the Republic one step closer to winning the war. However, Kenobi was ultimately betrayed by his soldiers upon the activation of Order 66, a protocol that called for the extermination of all Jedi. The clones failed to execute their former leader, however. Following the proclamation of the New Order, the 212th was folded into the armed forces of the Galactic Empire. During their days in service to the new government, with General Kahdah as the commanding officer, the battalion was dispatched to the Wookiee homeworld of Kashyyyk where they suppressed an indigenous uprising.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Cody, CC-2224, leads the 212th Attack Battalion under the command of Jedi General Obi-Wan Kenobi. He first appears in "" during the Battle of Utapau, aiding Obi-Wan against General Grievous on the planet Utapau. He is the first clone trooper to receive Order 66 on-screen, and he obediently commands his troopers to shoot down Obi-Wan and to locate his body to confirm the kill. Cody later appears in and its . He is set to appear in season 2 of "".


title: Clone trooper

text: Cody is distinguished by a scar on the left side of his face. His armor bears orange markings, and he wears visors on his helmets. He is characterized as a cautious but "natural and practical leader" whose "keen ability to strategize, combined with his fierce combat style in the heat of battle, earned him the respect of the Jedi, and of his fellow clones". He is also noted to adhere to standard procedures and protocol. Cody is particularly loyal to Obi-Wan, whom he complemented well, and their relationship is characterized by a mutual camaraderie and trust, though this did not prevent Cody from attempting to kill Kenobi as part of Order 66. Cody is also friends with Captain Rex, having completed many missions together.


title: Clone trooper

text: Captain Gregor, CC-5576-39, is the former leader of Foxtrot Group, an elite commando unit within the Special Operations Brigade of the Grand Army of the Republic, attached in direct support to the 212th Attack Battalion. He is introduced in the season five episode "Missing in Action"—suffering amnesia and living on the distant planet Abafar, where a stranded D-Squad—a Republic covert-ops unit consisting of droids looking for a Separatist decoding chip—discovers him working as a dishwasher in a diner. It is revealed that he lost his memories and sense of identity after a shuttle crash during the devastating Battle of Sarrish. He was rescued by his employer, who keeps Gregor's true identity from him to prevent him from leaving, but Gregor is able to regain his sense of duty and his armor to help the Republic. Gregor holds off Separatist droids to allow the Republic mission to escape, and despite his promise to make his way home, he is seemingly killed in an explosion of rhydonium. He later appears in the "Rebels" television series, set fourteen years after "Revenge of the Sith". He is revealed to have removed his inhibitor chip, preventing him from carrying out Order 66. Now a much older man because of his accelerated aging, he lives on the wasteland planet Seelos and hunts worm-like joopa with Captain Rex (CT-7567) and Commander Wolffe (CT-3636). Sometime after the Clone Wars, he suffered a brain injury, causing him to suffer brief periods of apparent insanity. When the Spectres, a team of rebels from the planet Lothal, arrive on Seelos to ask for help, Gregor initially declines, but eventually assists them in fending off an Imperial attack after Wolffe inadvertently exposes them to the Empire. He later took part in a final battle to free Lothal from Imperial control, where he was fatally wounded by an Imperial technician.


title: Clone trooper

text: Gregor's commando armor bears yellow markings and an off-white camouflage pattern, and his helmet is adorned with hash-marks modeled after those on Gerry Cheevers' hockey mask.


title: Clone trooper

text: Special Operations Brigade (SOBDE)—a.k.a. GAR Special Forces—was a brigade of elite clone troopers in the Grand Army of the Republic under the command of Jedi General Arligan Zey and Jedi General Iri Camas. Within the film series and in the "Star Wars" expanded universe media, the brigade contained highly specialized elite Republic special forces soldiers enhanced with genetic experimentation, including Clone Commandos, Advanced Reconnaissance Commandos (ARC Troopers), Alpha-class ARCs, Null-class ARCs, clone assassins, clone shadow troopers, covert operations clone troopers, and special operation clone troopers who usually work alone. All clone commandos and ARCs were trained by Mandalorian mercenaries.


title: Clone trooper

text: The style and color of a clone trooper's armor often varies depending on their rank, specialization, unit, or environment, for example, the clone troopers on Kashyyyk wear camouflage green scout-style armour whereas the 501st legion wears standard white armor with blue accents. Another example is the aquatic "SCUBA" troopers, who appear in the animated series "". SCUBA troopers are equipped with high-tech breathing apparatuses and long-range blaster rifles.


title: Clone trooper

text: Clone Force 99—informally known as "The Bad Batch"—was a clone commando squad consisting of four clone troopers with genetic enhancements not possessed by normal clones—the result of specially designed genetic experimentation. The Bad Batch consisted of CT-9904 "Crosshair," a scout sniper specialist with genetically enhanced eyesight; Wrecker, a heavy ordnance specialist with enhanced muscular form; Tech, a security specialist with enhanced mental capacity and intelligence; and squad leader Clone Sergeant Hunter, a CQC specialist with enhanced sensory abilities and tracking skills. The squad had maintained an impressive 100% mission completion ratio, but were notorious for their insubordination and were known to get into fights with other troopers.


title: Clone trooper

text: The squad was introduced in the seventh season of "The Clone Wars" animated series, where they came to Anaxes to assist Anakin Skywalker, Obi-Wan Kenobi, and Rex on their mission to investigate a source of Separatist' victories, as well as trying to rescue Echo, the ARC Trooper who was presumed dead on Lola Sayu, now revealed to have been captured by the Techno Union and held on Skako Minor. Following the successful mission, Echo decided to join Clone Force 99.


title: Clone trooper

text: In July 2020, it was announced that Clone Force 99 would be receiving their own spin-off series in 2021 on Disney+ titled "" that follows their actions in the early days of the Empire. The series premiered on Star Wars Day, May 4, 2021 where it was revealed that the series was set during and immediately after the events of "Revenge of the Sith," beginning with the issuance of clone contingency order 66 by Emperor Sheev Palpatine. The activation of Order 66 affected the regular clones, but because of Clone Force 99's extensive genetic modifications, they remained in control of their actions, while the regular clones' inhibitor chips caused them to execute their Jedi commanders unquestioningly. Among them, only Crosshair was affected by the inhibitor chip. Clone Force 99, free from the chip's influence, escaped the Empire from the cloning facilities of Tipoca City, Kamino, leaving behind Crosshair, whose chip had been modified by the Empire to make him even more susceptible to its effects, and picking up Omega, the last of the original series of clones that produced Boba Fett and the only known female clone of Jango Fett.


title: Clone trooper

text: 05 Commando Battalion was one of 10 units of commando groups within the Grand Army of the Republic's Special Operations Brigade. The unit held five companies, with each consisting of 100 commandos per company, which accounted for 25 squads. Within the battalion, Arca Company was housed, who also held Delta Squad and Omega Squad. Veshok Squad was also housed in a separate company. During the Clone Wars, Jedi General Bardan Jusik was placed in charge of the unit, until he stepped down from the Jedi Order and as a military General. When Jusik stepped down, Jedi General Etain Tur-Mukan was placed in charge.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Gree, CC-1004, leads the 41st Elite Corps under the command of Jedi General Luminara Unduli. He first appears in "Episode III: Revenge of the Sith" aiding Jedi General Yoda on Kashyyyk, to defend the Wookiees from invading Separatists. He attempts to carry out Order 66, but he and another Kashyyyk Scout trooper are beheaded by Yoda. He later appears in the first and second seasons of "The Clone Wars" television series serving under Luminara. Gree is distinguished by his dyed red hair shaved into two parallel stripes, in remembrance of fallen clones during his first battle, and eyebrows dyed to match his hair. His armor bears green markings, and he appears in green camouflage armor in "Revenge of the Sith".


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Bly, CC-5052, leads the 327th Star Corps under the command of Jedi General Aayla Secura. He first appears in "Episode III: Revenge of the Sith", in which he and his men carry out Order 66 and shoot Aayla in the back, killing her. He later appears in season one of "The Clone Wars" television series alongside Aayla. Bly is distinguished by his close-shaved hair and yellow rectangular tattoos on his cheeks. His armor bears yellow markings, and he wears a brown pauldron on his left shoulder, a kilt-like kama, and binocular attachments on his helmets. He is known as a dependable soldier who greatly values the success of the mission, and he has a "close working relationship" with Aayla and respects her dedication to achieving her objectives.


title: Clone trooper

text: Marshal Commander Neyo, CC-8826, leads the 91st Mobile Reconnaissance Corps, with initial-command given to Jedi General Mace Windu in the Battle of Ryloth and Battle of Anaxes; command was later transferred to Jedi Generals Adi Gallia and Stass Allie. Aside from BARC speeders, the corps utilized AT-AP walkers, and AT-RT walkers. The elite cavalry unit Lightning Squadron was part of the 91st Reconnaissance Corps. As the war with the Confederacy of Independent Systems progressed, in 20 BBY, the Republic Military formed a special covert-ops team of droids known as D-Squad which consisted of four astromech droids, R2-D2, QT-KT, U9-C4, M5-BZ,and Neyo's DUM-series pit droid, designated WAC-47, and was placed under the command of Colonel Meebur Gascon. D-Squad's primary objective was to infiltrate a Separatist Providence-class carrier/destroyer and steal an encryption module that was housed aboard, which was successful. Later, the commander attended a Republic strategy conference at the Valor space station located in the Carida system. During the conference, a Separatist attack on the station was thwarted by the members of D-Squad. Neyo and his troops were stationed on the Outer Rim world of Saleucami, under the command of Jedi General Stass Allie, in the waning days of the Clone Wars. While patrolling the planet's surface, he received a message from Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine instructing him to execute Order 66. Neyo fired his BARC speeder's laser cannons on the general, adding Allie to the list of Jedi who perished. After the transformation of the Galactic Republic into the Galactic Empire, 91st Recon Corps was folded into the Imperial Army. Neyo had a specialized helmet similar to that of Commander Wolffe, and sported a sash on his armor, and a small, grey, shoulder pauldron over his right shoulder as well.


title: Clone trooper

text: Commander Wolffe, CC-3636, leads the 104th Battalion under the command of Jedi General Plo Koon. He is introduced in "The Clone Wars" season one episode "Rising Malevolence". He is the first officer aboard Plo's flagship "Triumphant" when it is destroyed by General Grievous and is one of three clones to survive. Afterward, he appears with a redesigned character model, including a cybernetic eye implant caused by a fight with Separatist assassin Ventress, and leads a tight-knit unit nicknamed Wolfpack on the battlefield. He later appears in the "Rebels" television series, set fourteen years after "Revenge of the Sith". Wolffe is revealed to have removed his inhibitor chip, preventing him from carrying out Order 66. Now a much older man because of his accelerated aging, he lives on the wasteland planet Seelos and hunts worm-like joopa with Rex and Gregor. When they are sought by the rebel protagonists, Wolffe is suspicious of their motives and contacts the Empire to protect himself, Rex, and Gregor. Rex convinces him that the rebels can be trusted, and Wolffe regrets his actions. He then thwarts an incoming attack from the Empire to save the rebels, and later on helps them free their planet from Imperial occupation once and for all.


title: Clone trooper

text: Wolffe is distinguished by a scar running through his eye and a silver cybernetic eye implant. His armor is adorned with a gray stylized likeness of a wolf, and he wears a kilt-like kama. He is characterized as detail-oriented and as having "a sense of strategy superior to that of most clone officers, making him a highly effective complement to Plo." He is impatient with missions that send him away from the battlefield and becomes quickly exasperated with garrulous protocol droid C-3PO.


title: Clone trooper

text: Graeme McMillan of "The Hollywood Reporter" felt the decision to make an army of clones is a "softening of the "Star Wars" own mythology", though the article later corrected that not all troopers in the franchise were clones. Noting that the films never specify that the clone troopers are replaced by regular soldiers by the original trilogy, he believed that the idea of soldiers who are created solely for war and are little more than machines "sanitizes the war of the franchise's title". He praised the decision of "The Force Awakens" to explicitly move away from clone troopers as bringing "much-needed moral complexity" to the film's conflict. The story arcs and character development of various clone trooper characters in the animated series "Star Wars: The Clone Wars" was met with praise from both fans and critics alike, with many clones such as Captain Rex becoming fan favorite characters.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Curtis Jonathan Hussey (born July 22, 1983) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to The National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) under the ring name Dirty Dango. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed under the ring name Fandango.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Hussey began his professional wrestling career in 1999. He competed in several independent promotions in New England, winning the PLW New England Championship, the PWF Northeast Tag Team Championship with Kenn Phoenix on more than one occasion, the PWF Northeast Heavyweight Championship, NCW New England Championship, the Tag Team Championship with Damian Houston, and the SCCW Lightweight Championship.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: In 2006, Hussey signed a development contract with World Wrestling Entertainment and was assigned to their developmental territory, Deep South Wrestling (DSW). He was then moved to Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) in June 2008, where he won the Florida Tag Team Championship on more than one occasion with Tyler Reks and Derrick Bateman. In December 2010, he competed in the fourth season of NXT as Johnny Curtis, and he eventually won the competition in March 2011.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: In 2013, Hussey re-debuted as Fandango. Subsequently, WWE audience members started singing and dancing to his entrance music, which rose substantially on the iTunes charts and generated coverage in mainstream media. He later formed a tag team with Tyler Breeze called Breezango, with the duo winning the NXT Tag Team Championship in August 2020.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Hussey trained under Killer Kowalski and debuted in September 1999. He wrestled for various independent promotions in the New England area over the next few years. He competed in Power League Wrestling (PLW) from 2000 until 2003, during which time he won the PLW New England Championship. He held the championship, after defeating Chris Blackheart at Power-fest 2002, from May 19, 2002 until May 18, 2003.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: He also competed in the Premier Wrestling Federation during this time, and he teamed with Kenn Phoenix to win the PWF Northeast Tag Team Championship from Fuzion (Mike Paiva and Blade) on October 28, 2002. They held the championship until November 15, when they were defeated by Paiva and Kid Mikaze. Now known as The Talent Exchange, Hussey and Phoenix won a three-way Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match to win the championship again on February 15, 2003. They held the championship until April 4, when Phoenix and Dean Ripley, The Talent Exchange's manager (who had been forced to participate in the match instead of an absent Hussey), lost the championship to the Storm Brothers. He also wrestled for NWA: Total Nonstop Action (NWA-TNA), Chaotic Wrestling, and NWA Wildside.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: In 2006, Curtis signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and was subsequently assigned to the Deep South Wrestling (DSW) developmental territory. Curtis made his debut for the territory on November 9, where he lost to David Heath. After losing consistently over the next several weeks, Curtis scored his first victory in DSW as he and Robert Anthony defeated The Headliners (Shawn Shultz and Chris Michaels) on February 15, 2007. Curtis continued to team with Anthony and after winning a few more matches, the team faced the DSW Tag Team Champions Team Elite (Mike Knox and Derick Neikirk) in a match for the championship on March 15, but they were unable to win the title. Curtis then became a singles competitor once again and after losing two matches, he won his final match in DSW by defeating Frankie Coverdale on April 12.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: After WWE severed ties with DSW, Curtis and all the other talent in DSW were transferred over to the newly established Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) in June. On June 26, Curtis made his FCW debut as he defeated former tag team partner Robert Anthony. After mixed success as a singles and tag team wrestler, Curtis defeated Chris Gray on December 18 to become the number one contender for the FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship. On January 8, 2008, he wrestled Ted DiBiase Jr. for the championship, but lost the match. On September 18, Curtis made an appearance at the SmackDown/ECW tapings, where he defeated Armando Estrada in a dark match.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On December 11, 2008, Curtis teamed with Tyler Reks to defeat The New Hart Foundation (DH Smith and TJ Wilson) for the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship. The team of Curtis and Reks proved to be successful, and they retained the championship on several occasions. After beginning a feud with Caylen Croft and Trent Beretta, Curtis and Reks retained the title against them on a few different occasions before finally losing the title to Croft and Beretta on April 30, 2009 after Curtis didn't appear for the title defense, leaving Reks to wrestle alone.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: After Reks was called up to WWE's main roster, Curtis renamed himself Jonathan Curtis and became a villain. The two then faced off for Reks' Florida Heavyweight Championship on June 25, but Curtis was unable to win the title. On July 2, Curtis wrestled in a triple threat match for the FCW Florida Championship also involving Alex Riley, but was again unsuccessful as Reks retained the title. Soon afterwards, Curtis reverted his ring name to Johnny Curtis.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Beginning in 2010, Curtis began competing at house shows for the Raw brand, with his first match being a loss to Evan Bourne on January 8. After losing several matches to both Bourne and Paul Burchill at house shows, Curtis wrestled his first dark match, which he lost to Kung Fu Naki on the January 19 episode of "ECW".


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On August 12, 2010, Curtis teamed with Derrick Bateman to win the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship by defeating the team of Donny Marlow and Brodus Clay and the defending champions, "Los Aviadores" (Hunico and Epico) in a three-way tag team match. After a near three-month reign, Curtis and Bateman lost the championship to Wes Brisco and Xavier Woods on November 4.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Curtis was part of the fourth season, with R-Truth as his mentor. He made his in-ring debut on the season premiere on December 7 episode of "NXT", defeating fellow rookie Jacob Novak in singles competition. The following week, Curtis was unsuccessful in the "Karaoke" challenge, but was successful in the "Obstacle Course" challenge, earning points towards immunity from elimination. On the December 21 episode of "NXT", Curtis lost the "Wheelbarrow Race" challenge, and suffered his first loss in a rematch to Jacob Novak. Curtis was then defeated by pro Dolph Ziggler on the December 28 episode of "NXT", and afterwards won both the "Power of the Punch" challenge and a "Talent Show" contest. On the January 4, 2011 episode of "NXT", Curtis was defeated in singles competition by Brodus Clay. It was later revealed that he was immune from elimination that week. On the next week of "NXT", Curtis lost both the "Slingshot Challenge" and the "Superstar Password" challenge, and competed in singles competition defeating pro Ted DiBiase after a failed interference by his rookie Brodus Clay. Curtis was unsuccessful in the "How Well Do You Know Your WWE Pro?" challenge on the January 18 episode of "NXT", and was safe from elimination that week. On the January 25 episode of "NXT", Curtis was unsuccessful in the "Out-think the Fink" challenge, and competed in a fatal four-way match with Brodus Clay, Derrick Bateman, and Byron Saxton with Clay winning the match.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On the February 1 episode of "NXT", Curtis won an "Arm Wrestling" challenge, but was unsuccessful in the "Talk the Talk" challenge, and also lost in a tag team match along with R-Truth against Derrick Bateman and Daniel Bryan. On the next week of "NXT", Curtis was unsuccessful in a "Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Rookies" challenge, "WWE.com" challenge, and in singles competition against Brodus Clay. On the February 15 episode of "NXT", Curtis lost the "Smash and Grab" challenge and the "Save Your Trivia" challenge. Curtis was then successful in the "Grace Under Pressure Physical" challenge and in a triple threat match against Derrick Bateman and Johnny Curtis. During the season finale on March 1, Curtis was declared the winner of "NXT", defeating Brodus Clay in the final.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: After various dark matches, Curtis debuted on "SmackDown" on the June 3 episode in a bizarre backstage promo where he said that his promised tag team title shot was "not going to happen" in light of R-Truth's recent villainous turn. He then began to sarcastically cry and proceeded to pour milk onto a plate and then over his head, in reference to the saying "don't cry over spilled milk". After weeks of backstage promos playing on words, Curtis made his SmackDown in-ring debut on the August 12 episode, being squashed by Mark Henry in less than a minute, which was his only non-battle royal match on SmackDown in 2011.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Curtis then made his return to the fifth season of "NXT" as a heel on November 2. Curtis turned his attentions to wooing Maxine, whom he had formerly dated, and therefore ignited a feud with Maxine's storyline fiancé, Derrick Bateman. As the weeks passed, Bateman and Maxine ultimately broke up as Maxine gave a kiss to Curtis on the December 28 episode of "NXT Redemption", thus solidifying their relationship. On the January 4, 2012, episode of "NXT Redemption", Curtis and Maxine revealed that they would marry in two weeks time in Las Vegas during Bateman's match with Darren Young. On 100th episode of "NXT", Derrick Bateman interrupted Curtis and Maxine's wedding ceremony. Derrick showed a clip of Curtis sending a message on Bateman's iPad to Theodore Long (Maxine had dumped Bateman because he had allegedly sent a message to Long saying he didn't need Maxine and wanted to leave her on NXT whilst he had a chance at getting a contract on Smackdown). Maxine then slapped Curtis and reunited with Bateman once again after finding out that it wasn't true. Curtis then started to use his new catchphrase "Let's Get Weird" which was also printed on his trunks. In the next weeks, Maxine dumped Bateman for Curtis again. On the March 14 episode of "NXT Redemption", Curtis and Maxine were defeated in a mixed tag team match against Derrick Bateman and Kaitlyn, who kissed at the end of the match, solidifying their relationship to the annoyance of Maxine.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: After William Regal was appointed as NXT's authority figure, Maxine enlisted Curtis' help to allow her to get close to Regal. On the March 21 episode of "NXT Redemption", Maxine and Curtis knocked out Matt Striker with chloroform so that Maxine could join Regal on commentary. However, Striker was then kidnapped (kayfabe) by unknown persons, later revealed to be Curt Hawkins and Tyler Reks, who intended to blackmail Curtis and Maxine into using Maxine's charms to get Regal to leave Hawkins and Reks alone. Striker was rescued by Bateman and Kaitlyn on the April 11 episode of "NXT Redemption". On April 18, William Regal forced Maxine to sign a contract as Curtis's manager if the two still wanted to be employed to "NXT" and then handcuffed them together. On the May 9 episode of "NXT Redemption", Regal allowed Curtis and Maxine to be uncuffed.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: For the rest of 2012, Curtis formed an occasional tag team with Michael McGillicutty. On the final episode of the fifth season of "NXT" on June 13, Curtis teamed with McGillicutty but lost to the Usos. After the conclusion of the fifth season of "NXT", NXT transitioned into the renamed Florida Championship Wrestling developmental territory. Curtis continued appearing on "NXT", where at the October 11 tapings (which aired on November 28) Curtis finally received his tag team title shot from winning season four of "NXT", when he teamed up with McGillicutty in a loss to champions Team Hell No (Kane and Daniel Bryan).


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: At the October 23, 2012 "SmackDown" taping, Hussey debuted a new ballroom dancer character named Fandango in a dark match, with vignettes for the character airing by November. After months of promotional videos, the character of Fandango debuted on the March 1, 2013 episode of "SmackDown". As part of his act, Fandango was portrayed as fussy, flamboyant, and sultry-voiced. He was also accompanied by a female dance partner, mostly by a dark-haired and unnamed Andrea Lynn (a real-life dancer and at the time college student) and later Summer Rae, a developmental wrestler.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Despite his debut, Fandango refused to wrestle his first match on numerous occasions because the ring announcers and his opponents could not pronounce "Fandango" to his satisfaction. On the March 18 episode of "Raw", Chris Jericho mispronounced Fandango's name intentionally and repeatedly to start Fandango's first feud.<ref name="Raw3/18/13"></ref> In his debut match on the main roster at WrestleMania 29, Fandango scored what would be the biggest win of his career when he defeated Jericho. He then wrestled in his first "Raw" match against Kofi Kingston the following night. Despite Fandango being a heel and winning via disqualification from Chris Jericho attacking him, he still received an enthusiastic ovation from the live audience as they boisterously sang his theme music and created a dance for it as well. Not only did this take place during and shortly after his encounter, but it also took place long after the show itself. The song became an overnight hit as many fans took to iTunes to buy the single, causing it to gain considerable momentum and move from #175 to #11 in one day on the UK chart, before settling at #44 by the week's end. In spite of the phenomenon which WWE labelled as "Fandango-ing", the Fandango character continued to insult audiences. At Extreme Rules, Fandango was defeated by Jericho in a rematch to end their feud. Fandango moved on to a three-way feud for the WWE Intercontinental Championship against champion Wade Barrett and fellow challenger The Miz. Days later, Fandango distracted Miz by dancing at ringside while Miz was wrestling Barrett; then he attacked Miz, resulting in Miz gaining a disqualification win over Barrett. Fandango later pinned Barrett in a non-title match after Miz, who was the special guest referee, attacked Barrett. A triple threat match for the Intercontinental title was set for Payback which Fandango was booked to win. However, he suffered a legitimate concussion during a SmackDown taping against Zack Ryder in June and was removed from the match. His replacement, Curtis Axel, won the match and the championship.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Fandango returned on the July 1 "Raw", losing to Sheamus via count-out. At the Money in the Bank pay-per-view, Fandango competed in the World Heavyweight Championship Money in the Bank ladder match, but was unsuccessful as the match was won by Damien Sandow. On the September 2 episode of "Raw", Fandango had his nose broken during a match against The Miz, which he lost. Fandango then lost a dance contest to The Miz, which also involved R-Truth and The Great Khali, as well as losing another match to him at Night of Champions. His losing streak came to an end on the September 16 "Raw", where he defeated R-Truth. At Hell in a Cell, Fandango and Summer Rae defeated Natalya and The Great Khali in a mixed tag team match. On the December 23 "Raw", Fandango defeated Dolph Ziggler in a "Present on a Pole match" to earn a WWE Intercontinental Championship match against Big E Langston the following week, however he was ultimately defeated. On the March 3 episode of "Raw", Fandango and Summer Rae lost to Emma and Santino in a mixed tag team match, when Emma once again made Rae submit.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: At Wrestlemania XXX, Fandango competed in the "André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal" match in a losing effort. The following night on "Raw", Fandango and Summer Rae were once again defeated by Emma and Marella in a mixed tag team match, with Emma making Rae submit. The following week, Layla replaced Summer Rae as Fandango's dancer and valet, and quickly became embroiled in a feud with Emma and Santino Marella. Rae returned on May 19, attacking Layla. On the July 11 episode of "Smackdown", Fandango lost to Adam Rose by countout after Summer Rae started attacking Layla. Later, he got a kiss from both women and started dancing, leading to both women attacking him and dancing together. Layla and Summer Rae went on to cause Fandango numerous losses on WWE television.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: After months of absence, Fandango returned with Rosa Mendes as his new dance partner to compete in the pre-show match at Survivor Series, defeating Justin Gabriel with a salsa dancer gimmick and new theme music. Fandango participated in the Royal Rumble match, in which he was eliminated by Rusev.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On the April 13 episode of "Raw", after losing to Stardust, Fandango brought back his old theme and dance and dissolved his relationship with Mendes, turning face in the process for the first time since 2010. Mendes then cost Fandango a match against Adam Rose, joining his "Exotic Express" and sparking a short feud between Fandango and Rose. Fandango earned the majority of victories between the two over the next few weeks on television and at house shows, ending the feud in mid-2015. Fandango then commonly appeared on "Superstars" and "Main Event", defeating the likes of Adam Rose and Heath Slater. Fandango suffered a loss to Rusev on the episode of "Main Event" on August 17.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On the March 21, 2016, episode of "Raw", Fandango faced Chris Jericho in a losing effort. At WrestleMania 32, Fandango was the first participant to be eliminated from the Andre The Giant Memorial Battle Royal.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On the April 14 episode of "SmackDown", Fandango teamed with Goldust in the WWE Tag Team Championship number one contender's tournament, replacing R-Truth; the two were defeated by The Vaudevillains in the first round. On the May 12 episode of "SmackDown", a match pitting Fandango and Goldust against R-Truth and Tyler Breeze ended with a quirky result when Fandango and Breeze turned on their partners, who had refused to fight each other. Fandango aligned with Breeze, adopting the name "Breezango", thus turning heel once again. The new team defeated The Golden Truth (Goldust and R-Truth) a week later on "Raw" but lost a rematch at the Money in the Bank, ending the feud. After being drafted to "SmackDown" brand as a result of the WWE draft, Breezango defeated The Usos on July 24 at Battleground. Breezango then entered a tournament which would determine the inaugural SmackDown Tag Team Champions, they were eliminated in the first round by American Alpha. On the November 8 episode of "SmackDown Live", Breezango defeated The Vaudevillains to qualify for Team SmackDown for the 10-on-10 Survivor Series Tag Team Elimination match at Survivor Series; they were the first team eliminated from the match, which was ultimately won by Team Raw. During this time, Breezango began to refer themselves as "Fashion Police". At WrestleMania 33, Fandango took part in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, which he failed to win.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: On the April 25, 2017 episode of "SmackDown Live", Breezango defeated The Ascension in a Beat the Clock challenge match, becoming number one contenders for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. During this time, Breezango transitioned into fan favorites in the process. At Backlash, Breezango unsuccessfully challenged The Usos for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. Breezango lost to Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn at Survivor Series and to The Bludgeon Brothers at Clash of Champions. On March 11, 2018, at Fastlane, Breezango teamed with Tye Dillinger to defeat Mojo Rawley, Chad Gable and Shelton Benjamin in a six-man tag team match. At WrestleMania 34, Fandango competed in the André the Giant Battle Royal, but was unsuccessful. On April 16, Breezango were moved to Raw brand as part of Superstar Shake-up. On that night, they defeated Cesaro and Sheamus. On July 6, it was reported that Fandango has suffered a left labrum tear in his shoulder and that he would be out of action at least six months.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: At the end of the year, Breeze and Fandango were sent to NXT. According to Dave Meltzer, WWE assigned them to the brand to work as experienced veterans to work with the younger talent and to help NXT's rating during the Wednesday Night War against the All Elite Wrestling's "Dynamite". Fandango returned from the injury a year later, on the July 31, 2019 episode of "NXT", saving his tag team partner Tyler Breeze from a post-match attack by The Forgotten Sons (Jaxson Ryker, Steve Cutler and Wesley Blake). Breezango began a feud with The Forgotten Sons, defeating them in tag team action as well as in a six-man tag action with Isaiah "Swerve" Scott as their partner. However, in December, Fandango was sidelined with another injury as he announced he had undergone Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (Tommy John surgery) with an expected recovery of six to twelve months.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Fandango returned on the June 3, 2020 episode of "NXT", teaming with Breeze to defeat Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch, and The Undisputed Era (Bobby Fish and Roderick Strong) in a number one contender's match for the NXT Tag Team Championship. On the June 17 episode of "NXT", Breezango failed to win the titles from Imperium (Fabian Aichner and Marcel Barthel), after interference from both Lorcan and Burch and Indus Sher (Rinku and Saurav). At NXT TakeOver XXX, Breezango defeated Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch, and Legado del Fantasma (Joaquin Wilde and Raul Mendoza) in a triple threat tag team match to become the number one contenders for the NXT Tag Team Championship. On the August 26 episode of "NXT", Breezango defeated Imperium to win the titles, marking Fandango's first title in WWE, nearly ten years after his NXT debut. On the October 21 episode of NXT, Breezango lost the titles to Danny Burch and Oney Lorcan, ending their reign at 56 days. On the November 11 episode of "NXT", they failed to regain the titles from Lorcan and Burch in a rematch.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: In early 2021, Breezango participated in Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic, but were defeated by The Undisputed Era (Adam Cole and Roderick Strong) in the first round. On the June 15 episode of "NXT", they defeated Imperium in what would be their final match in WWE. On June 25, Fandango, along with Breeze, was released from his WWE contract, ending his 15-year tenure with the company.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: As of July 15, 2021, Fandango now goes by the name, Dirty Dango on the independent circuit. On July 16, 2022 at Immortal Championship Wrestling Dirty Dango defeated Mike Skyros to become Immortal Heavyweight Champion in Schenectady, NY.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: In December 2021, Dango made his debut for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) at the Hard Times 2 pay-per-view. He formed a tag team with JTG called The Dirty Sexy Boys. In 2022 they took part in the Crockett Cup and engaged in a feud with The Commonwealth Connection.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: Dango made his debut for Impact Wrestling at the 2022 Bound for Glory, where he accepted Brian Myers' open challenge for the Impact Digital Media Championship, ultimately failing.


title: Fandango (wrestler)

text: As Fandango, he made his video game debut as a playable character in "WWE 2K14" (as a downloadable character) and has since appeared in "WWE 2K15", "WWE 2K16", "WWE 2K17", "WWE 2K18", "WWE 2K19", "WWE 2K20," "WWE 2K Battlegrounds and "WWE 2K22".


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: MacKenzie Lea Porter (born January 29, 1990) is a Canadian country singer, songwriter, and actress. She has released one self-titled album and achieved four Canada Country number ones with "About You", "These Days", "Seeing Other People", and "Pickup". She is featured on Dustin Lynch's number one Country Airplay hit "Thinking 'Bout You".


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: MacKenzie Porter was raised on a cattle and bison ranch near Medicine Hat, Alberta. She began studying piano, violin, and voice at age four. While growing up she toured in a family band with her brother, 2004 "Canadian Idol" winner Kalan Porter. Their grandfather Bob Porter was Member of Parliament for Medicine Hat from 1988 to 1993.


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: Porter has appeared in numerous films and television productions, including "Dinosapien" (2007), "Hell on Wheels", and "Travelers" (2016). She earned a Best Actress in Alberta award for her role in the TV movie "The Other Woman". She was also named as one of the Top 11 Hottest Vancouver Actors to Watch for in 2011 by "BC Living" magazine.


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: After moving to Vancouver to pursue acting, Porter teamed up with musician and actor Andrew Jenkins to form the band The Black Boots. In 2010, she launched a solo career. Porter was the winner of the 2011 Nashville North Star competition. She has opened for Kenny Chesney, Doc Walker, and Trooper among others, and has performed for Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Gene Simmons.


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: In October 2012, Porter released her debut single, "I Wish I'd Known". Her second single, "Never Gonna Let You", was co-written and produced by Carolyn Dawn Johnson. Porter was chosen as one of six acts for the inaugural Canadian Country Music Association Discovery Program in 2013. She was also nominated for the Rising Star Award at the 2013 Canadian Country Music Association Awards. Her debut album was released on July 15, 2014. She is featured on the song "Circles" on Chris Lane's album "Girl Problems" in 2016.


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: In 2018, Porter signed with Nashville-based Big Loud and became their first Canadian artist. She released the single "About You", co-written by Hardy. The song would hit number one on Canada Country. Porter is featured on the Dallas Smith song "Friends Don't Let Friends Drink Alone" with Dean Brody.


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: In March 2019, Porter released the single "These Days", which charted on Canadian country, pop, and adult hits charts as well as on the US Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts. It also reached number one on Canada Country, making Porter the first Canadian woman to land back-to-back Number Ones since Shania Twain. She then opened for Dallas Smith and Dean Brody on their co-headlining cross-Canada "Friends Don't Let Friends Tour Alone Tour". In February 2020, Porter released "Seeing Other People" which would become her third consecutive number one, making her the first woman (Canadian or American) to land three consecutive Number Ones on Canadian country radio since Twain.


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: Porter's EP "" was released in November 2020. The EP was her debut American release and included her three chart-toppers in addition to her top five hit "Drinkin' Songs". It received a nomination for Country Album of the Year at the 2021 Juno Awards. In March 2021, she featured on the Dustin Lynch single "Thinking 'Bout You", and then joined Canadian pop artist Virginia to Vegas on the single "This Sucks." in September 2021. She released the song "Pickup" later that year; it became a single in early 2022. "Thinking 'Bout You" spent six weeks atop the Country Airplay chart, marking Porter's first number one in the U.S., and spent a record-breaking 28 weeks in the top ten. Meanwhile, "Pickup" would go on to reach number one on Canada Country, and achieve gold-certification. Later that year, she joined fellow Canadian country artist Dallas Smith on the single "One Too".


title: MacKenzie Porter

text: In 2014 Porter and actor/singer/songwriter Jake Etheridge began dating. She and Etheridge were engaged in mid-/late May or early June 2019 and they married in July 2020.


title: STOVL

text: A short take-off and vertical landing aircraft (STOVL aircraft) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is able to take off from a short runway (or take off vertically if it does not have a heavy payload) and land vertically (i.e. with no runway). The formal NATO definition (since 1991) is:


title: STOVL

text: On aircraft carriers, non-catapult-assisted, fixed-wing short takeoffs are accomplished with the use of thrust vectoring, which may also be used in conjunction with a runway "ski-jump". There are currently 14 aircraft carriers that operate these STOVL aircraft (United States [9], United Kingdom [2], Italy [2], and Spain [1]). Use of STOVL tends to allow aircraft to carry a larger payload compared to vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), while still only requiring a short runway. The most famous examples are the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the Sea Harrier. Although technically VTOL aircraft, they are operationally STOVL aircraft due to the extra weight carried at take-off for fuel and armaments. The same is true of the F-35B Lightning II, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally a STOVL.


title: STOVL

text: In 1951, the Lockheed XFV and the Convair XFY Pogo tailsitters were both designed around the Allison YT40 turboprop engine driving contra-rotating propellers.


title: STOVL

text: The British Hawker P.1127 took off vertically in 1960, and demonstrated conventional take-off in 1961. It was developed into the Hawker Siddeley Harrier which flew in 1967.


title: STOVL

text: In 1962, Lockheed built the XV-4 Hummingbird for the U.S. Army. It sought to "augment" available thrust by injecting the engine exhaust into an ejector pump in the fuselage. First flying vertically in 1963, it suffered a fatal crash in 1964. It was converted into the XV-4B Hummingbird for the U.S. Air Force as a testbed for separate, vertically mounted lift engines, similar to those used in the Yak-38 Forger. That plane flew and later crashed in 1969. The Ryan XV-5 Vertifan, which was also built for the U.S. Army at the same time as the Hummingbird, experimented with gas-driven lift fans. That plane used fans in the nose and each wing, covered by doors which resembled half garbage can lids when raised. However, it crashed twice, and proved to generate a disappointing amount of lift, and was difficult to transition to horizontal flight.


title: STOVL

text: Of dozens of VTOL and V/STOL designs tried from the 1950s to 1980s, only the subsonic Hawker Siddeley Harrier and Yak-38 Forger reached operational status, with the Forger being withdrawn after the fall of the Soviet Union.


title: STOVL

text: Rockwell International built, and then abandoned, the Rockwell XFV-12 supersonic fighter which had an unusual wing which opened up like window blinds to create an ejector pump for vertical flight. It never generated enough lift to get off the ground despite developing 20,000 lbf of thrust. The French had a nominally Mach 2 Dassault Mirage IIIV fitted with no less than 8 lift engines that flew (and crashed), but did not have enough space for fuel or payload for combat missions. The German EWR VJ 101 used swiveling engines mounted on the wingtips with fuselage mounted lift engines, and the VJ 101C X1 reached supersonic flight (Mach 1.08) on 29 July 1964. The supersonic Hawker Siddeley P.1154, which competed with the Mirage IIIV for use in NATO, was cancelled even as the aircraft were being built.


title: STOVL

text: NASA uses the abbreviation SSTOVL for Supersonic Short Take-Off / Vertical Landing, and as of 2012, the X-35B/F-35B are the only aircraft to conform with this combination within one flight.


title: STOVL

text: The experimental Mach 1.7 Yakovlev Yak-141 did not find an operational customer, but similar rotating rear nozzle technology is used on the F-35B. The F-35B Lightning II entered service on 31 July 2015.


title: STOVL

text: Larger STOVL designs were considered, the Armstrong Whitworth AW.681 cargo aircraft was under development when cancelled in 1965. The Dornier Do 31 got as far as three experimental aircraft before cancellation in 1970.


title: STOVL

text: Although mostly a VTOL design, the V-22 Osprey has increased payload when taking off from a short runway.


title: Judith Beheading Holofernes (Caravaggio)

text: Judith Beheading Holofernes is a painting of the biblical episode by Caravaggio, painted in , in which the widow Judith stayed with the Assyrian general Holofernes in his tent after a banquet then decapitated him after he passed out drunk. The painting was rediscovered in 1950 and is part of the collection of the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in Rome. The exhibition 'Dentro Caravaggio' Palazzo Reale, Milan (Sept 2017-Jan 2018), suggests a date of 1602 on account of the use of light underlying sketches not seen in Caravaggio's early work but characteristic of his later works. The exhibition catalogue (Skira, 2018, p88) also cites biographer artist Giovanni Baglione's account that the work was commissioned by Genoa banker Ottavio Costa.


text: A second painting on the exact same subject (see below) and dated to 1607, attributed by several experts to Caravaggio but still disputed by others, was rediscovered by chance in 2014 and went on sale in June 2019 as "Judith and Holofernes".


text: The deuterocanonical Book of Judith tells how Judith served her people by seducing and pleasuring Holofernes, the Syrian General. Judith gets Holofernes drunk, then seizes her sword and slays him: "Approaching to his bed, she took hold of the hair of his head" ().


text: Caravaggio's approach was, typically, to choose the moment of greatest dramatic impact: the moment of decapitation itself. The figures are set out in a shallow stage, theatrically lit from the side, isolated against the inky black background. Judith's maid Abra stands beside her mistress to the right as Judith extends her arm to hold a blade against Holofernes's neck; lying on his stomach, neck contorted as he turns his head towards his assassin, he is vulnerable. X-rays have revealed that Caravaggio adjusted the placement of Holofernes' head as he proceeded, separating it slightly from the torso and moving it minutely to the right. The faces of the three characters demonstrate the artist's mastery of emotion, Judith's countenance in particular showing a mix of determination and repulsion. Artemisia Gentileschi and others were deeply influenced by this work; while they even surpassed Caravaggio's physical realism, it has been argued that none matched his capture of Judith's psychological ambivalence.


text: The model for Judith is probably the Roman courtesan Fillide Melandroni, who posed for several other works by Caravaggio around this year; the scene itself, especially the details of blood and decapitation, were presumably drawn from his observations of the public execution of Beatrice Cenci in 1599.


text: When Caravaggio left Naples on 14 June 1607, he left two paintings - the "Madonna of the Rosary" and "Judith beheading Holofernes" - in the studio in Naples that was shared by the two Flemish painters and art dealers Louis Finson and Abraham Vinck. Vinck likely took the two paintings with him when he left Naples and settled in Amsterdam around 1609. Later Finson also moved to Amsterdam. The two paintings are mentioned again, this time in the will and testament dated 19 September 1617 prepared by Finson in Amsterdam. In his will Finson left Vinck his share in the two Caravaggio paintings that they had owned in common since Naples. Finson died shortly after making his will and his heir Vinck died two years later. After Vinck died his heirs sold the "Madonna of the Rosary" after 1619 for 1800 florins to a committee of Flemish painters and 'amateurs' led by Peter Paul Rubens for the Saint Paul's Church of the Dominican friars in Antwerp. In 1786, Emperor Joseph II of Austria first ordered the closure of all 'useless' monastic orders and then claimed the other painting by Caravaggio for his art collection. It can now be admired in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Caravaggio's work, which was a gift of Antwerp's leading artists and an expression of their deep religious devotion had thus become the object of looting by the Austrian rulers of Flanders.


text: There was no trace of the second Caravaggio representing "Judith beheading Holofernes" co-owned by Vinck and Finson since the early 1600s. It was suggested that it should be identified with the in the collection of the Intesa Sanpaolo bank in Naples.


text: A painting of discovered in an attic in Toulouse in 2014 is believed by certain scholars to be the lost Caravaggio. Other scholars see in both the Toulouse Judith and the work in the collection of the Intesa Sanpaolo bank not only works painted by the hand of Finson but they have also contended that they are in fact original creations of Finson rather than copies after a lost Caravaggio. The Toulouse version has even been described as Finson's masterpiece. Both camps of art historians base their attribution on the stylistic and technical features of the work.


text: An export ban was placed on the painting by the French government while tests were carried out to establish its authenticity. In February 2019 it was announced that the painting would be sold at auction after the Louvre had turned down the opportunity to purchase it for €100 million. It was instead bought by art collector and hedge fund manager J.Tomilson Hill for an undisclosed amount of money shortly before the planned auction, in June 2019. The new owner is a board member of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Tholi Prema () is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Venky Atluri in his directorial debut. Produced by B. V. S. N. Prasad's Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra, the film stars Varun Tej and Raashi Khanna. The music is composed by S. Thaman while cinematography and editing are done by George C. Williams and Naveen Nooli respectively.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Principal photography of the film took place in London and Hyderabad. Released on 10 February 2018, the film grossed over at the box office, and was a commercially successful. It was remade in Bengali language as "Fidaa" (2018).


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Aadi is searching frantically for a missing girl in London. Dejected, Adi sits by the River Thames and starts talking about how he is successful at work but his love life is a complete failure.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: A few years back, Adi plots a revenge prank on his college professor for the 2 years of miserable college life despite being the top student. He escapes after a successful prank and heads straight to the train station to leave for Hyderabad. As the train leaves, his friends urge him to wait till his other friend bring him a coke bottle spiked with vodka dubbed as the 'Golden drop'. When the train starts leaving, his friends instigate him saying that he doesn't have the fortune to drink the last golden drop in Vizag to which Adi responds as "Challenge Accepted." He risks his life to get the coke bottle and almost gets hit by a lamp post before being pulled back inside the train by none other than Varsha.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: He instantly falls in love with Varsha and tries to woo her through flirting but Varsha is a very reserved and innocent girl and tries to stay out of trouble. Adi immediately proposes his love to Varsha and expects an answer from her by the morning if not he won't get back on the train to which Varsha agrees. To his surprise when he wakes up, Varsha is nowhere to be found.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Adi is dejected as he can't forget her and searches high and low for her in all of Hyderabad to no luck. 3 months have passed and he joins his University but still has no idea where Varsha is. To his surprise, he finds Varsha enrolled in the same University as him all along. She later tells him that she enrolled in his university by paying a lot of money despite getting a free seat at another university, after seeing his admission letter on the night of their journey. She explains that she couldn't give him an answer on the train due to the fear of her father arriving early and he was still asleep. Since then, Varsha gives a lot of signs that she is in love with him but she doesn't say those 3 words to Adi which he tries extremely hard for until one day where she expresses her love in front of all their University mates. Their love blossoms but they eventually break up because of Adi's impulsive nature.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Six years have passed and Aditya has moved to London for his Masters. He is a successful student, topping his university, but is unable to forget Varsha due to which he keeps rejecting any girl that is interested in him.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: As if it's destiny, Varsha and Adi both meet each other again in his new workplace as Varsha is introduced as his superior. At first, Adi hates her and tries to make her life difficult but Varsha tries her best to be amicable. Slowly, they both start understanding each other and become friends. Varsha reveals to her friend that she still loves Adi and knows that Adi is still in love with her as those who pretend to be angry love you the most. Yet Adi on the other hand reveals to his friends that he is attracted to Varsha because she was his first love but he doesn't love her anymore and Varsha hears this from behind.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Varsha meets Adi for the last time and gives him a box with the things he gave her 6 years ago when they were in a relationship. She explains to him that despite being away from her for 6 years, 6000 miles away, he is still stuck on that incident that occurred for 6 minutes. She reiterates that he is incapable of changing his impulsiveness and she is finally done fighting for their love.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: Adi opens the box and finds out that she kept the love he gave her and the hate he gave her and realizes that the box also had a graduation picture which he had only sent his mother. His mother reveals that after Adi left for London, Varsha came to visit her to apologise but at that time she thought of only protecting her son as a mother. Varsha came to visit her again after six years and revealed to his mother that she wants Adi and she still loves him and Adi's mother realised that her love was real. Adi's mother reminds Adi that Adi was angry enough to distance Varsha but was still in love with her to distance every other girl to come into his life. He realizes that he still loves her and runs back to find her, only to realise that Varsha is gone. He runs all over London trying to find her and finally sits dejected near the River Thames asking God for just one sign to help his love. The sound of a train bell jolts him as he figures out where she could be and finally finds her in a train station. He admits to Varsha that he didn't mean what he said when he said that he doesn't love her anymore just like how she didn't mean when she said that she hated him 6 years ago. The story ends with both embracing with a kiss as they reconcile and finally understand each other.


title: Tholi Prema (2018 film)

text: This film has six songs composed by S. Thaman. The audio launch has been held in Hyderabad on 20 January 2018 through Aditya Music.