title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Several political and media organisations expressed their support for same-sex marriage legislation in England and Wales, including the Green Party of England and Wales, the Liberal Democrats, the Labour Party, and Plaid Cymru, as well as "The Times", "The Guardian", and "The Independent", which launched a campaign called "Equal Partners". On 16 January 2013, the Coalition for Equal Marriage announced that it had evidence of the support of a majority of MPs in the House of Commons. The following political parties expressed their opposition to same-sex marriage legislation in England and Wales: the British National Party, which opposes same-sex marriage and civil partnerships, and the UK Independence Party.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: The Conservative Party, the Scottish National Party and Sinn Féin had no official position or a position of neutrality on either the issue or the legislation as it applied to England and Wales. Senior Conservatives, including David Cameron, William Hague, George Osborne and Theresa May supported the bill, however, the issue was contentious in the party. Just over half of Conservative MPs voted against in second reading, but polling showed that the majority of Conservative voters supported the bill. The Scottish National Party do not vote on English and Welsh matters, and therefore did not take part in the second reading vote, although the SNP-led Scottish Government introduced a bill to allow same-sex marriage in Scotland. Sinn Féin are abstentionist and therefore do not take their seats or vote in the House of Commons. In 2012, the first Northern Ireland Assembly motion proposed by Sinn Féin and the Green Party of Northern Ireland calling for same-sex marriage was defeated by the Democratic Unionist Party.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 11 December 2012, the government released its response to the consultation. Of the 228,000 responses to the consultation, via the online form, email or correspondence, 53 percent agreed that all couples, regardless of their gender should be able to have a civil marriage ceremony, 46 percent disagreed, and one percent were unsure or did not answer the question. The government also confirmed that it separately received nineteen petitions from faith groups and organisations such as the Coalition for Marriage, with over 500,000 signatures opposing same-sex marriage.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 11 December 2012, the Minister for Women and Equalities, Secretary of State Maria Miller announced that the government would bring forward same-sex marriage legislation for England and Wales in early 2013. In response to the consultation results, the proposals were extended to allow religious organisations to opt into performing same-sex marriages if they wish, and a 'quadruple-lock' of additional measures to put the protection of religious freedoms "utterly beyond doubt". These are:


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: The UK Government addressed consultation responses about the possibility that the European Court of Human Rights could force all churches to marry same-sex couples, stating:


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 24 January 2013, the "Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill" was introduced to the Commons by Maria Miller, and a full debate occurred at the second reading on 5 February. The bill retained some distinctions from marriage between a man and a woman; e.g. in divorce proceedings, adultery can only involve sexual conduct between two persons of the opposite sex, while non-consummation will not be grounds for annulment of a same-sex marriage. On 5 February 2013, the bill passed its second reading in the House of Commons by 400 votes to 175.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: The bill was examined in 13 sittings by the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill Committee, a public bill committee established to scrutinise the bill line by line. The bill completed its committee stage on 12 March 2013 and had its report stage in the House of Commons on 20–21 May 2013. The third reading took place on 21 May, and was approved by 366 votes to 161, with the bill receiving its first reading in the House of Lords the same evening. The bill had its second reading unopposed in the Lords on 4 June, after a "wrecking amendment" proposed by Lord Dear was defeated by a vote of 390–148, thus allowing the bill to proceed to the committee stage. The bill passed its third reading in the House of Lords on 15 July 2013, and the Commons accepted all of the Lords' amendments on the following day, with royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II granted on 17 July 2013.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 10 December 2013, Miller announced that same-sex marriage ceremonies would begin on 29 March 2014 in England and Wales. Couples wishing to be among the first to marry were required to give formal notice of their intention by 13 March 2014. As of 13 March 2014, couples who have entered into same-sex marriages overseas are recognised as married in England and Wales. The parts of the law that allow civil partnerships to be converted into marriages, and allow married people to change their legal gender while remaining married, took effect on 10 December 2014. Same-sex marriages in England and Wales began at midnight on 29 March 2014.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Same-sex marriage has been legal in Scotland since 16 December 2014, with the first same-sex marriages occurring on 31 December 2014. The law provides that religious organisations and individual celebrants are under no obligation to perform marriage ceremonies for same-sex couples, though religious organisations are permitted to authorise their clergy to do so.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 25 July 2012, the Scottish Government announced that it would legalise same-sex marriage. The move was announced despite opposition by the Church of Scotland and the Catholic Church in Scotland. Although Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon announced the move as the "right thing to do", she reassured churches that they would not be forced to perform same-sex marriages. During the consultation phase, ministers received over 19,000 messages from constituents about the issue.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 27 June 2013, the Scottish Government introduced same-sex marriage legislation to the Scottish Parliament. On 4 February 2014, the Scottish Parliament held its final reading on the bill to permit same-sex marriages. The bill passed by a vote of 108–15 and received royal assent on 12 March 2014. The legislation allows religious and faith organisations to be exempted from having to conduct or be involved in same-sex marriages if it contravenes their beliefs. The first same-sex weddings occurred on 31 December 2014, though civil partnerships could be exchanged for marriage certificates from 16 December so the very first same-sex marriages under Scottish law were recognised that day.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Same-sex marriage became legal in Northern Ireland on 13 January 2020. In previous years, the Northern Ireland Assembly had voted on the issue on five occasions, winning a majority for same-sex marriage once. Previously, same-sex marriages performed in England, Wales and Scotland were recognised as civil partnerships in Northern Ireland.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Legislation to allow for the recognition of same-sex marriages in Northern Ireland has been debated in the Assembly five times since 2012. On four of those occasions, only a minority of assembly members voted in favour of same-sex marriage, though the most recent vote on the issue in November 2015 saw a majority of MLAs vote in favour of same-sex marriage.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 27 April 2015, the Northern Ireland Assembly voted for the fourth time on the recognition of same-sex marriage. The motion for recognition was introduced by Sinn Féin and was defeated by a majority of 49 votes to 47; all Democratic Unionist (DUP) members in the Assembly voted against it, while all Sinn Féin, Green Party and NI21 members voted for it. On 2 November 2015, 105 MLAs voted on a motion to recognise same-sex marriage, with 53 voting in favour and 52 voting against, the first time same-sex marriage had received majority support in the Assembly. However, the Democratic Unionist Party tabled a petition of concern, preventing the motion from having any legal effect.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Sinn Féin said that legislation regarding same-sex marriage would be a priority for the party in the Assembly elected in May 2016. On 23 June 2016, Finance Minister Máirtín Ó Muilleoir announced he had requested that officials in the Northern Ireland Executive begin drafting legislation to allow same-sex marriage, stating that MLAs would much rather vote on the issue than "be forced to legislate [following] an adverse judgment" in the courts. In October 2016, First Minister Arlene Foster reaffirmed the DUP's opposition to same-sex marriage, saying the party would continue to issue a petition of concern blocking same-sex marriage in the Assembly over the next five years. The DUP won fewer than 30 seats at the March 2017 elections, meaning it lost the right to unilaterally block a bill using a petition of concern. Karen Bradley, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, stated in February 2018 that same-sex marriage could be legislated for in Northern Ireland by the UK Parliament, and that the government would likely allow a conscience vote for its MPs if such legislation was introduced. Labour MP Conor McGinn said he would introduce a private member's bill extending same-sex marriage to Northern Ireland by the end of March 2018.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: The "Marriage (Same Sex Couples) (Northern Ireland) Bill" was introduced to the House of Commons on 28 March 2018, and passed its first reading. The bill's second reading in the Commons was blocked by a Conservative MP on three occasions in 2018. An identical bill was introduced to the House of Lords on 27 March by Baron Hayward, and passed its first reading that day. As both bills were private member's bills without government support, they failed to progress any further. In February 2019, Lord Hayward withdrew an amendment to an unrelated government bill, which if passed would have extended same-sex marriage to Northern Ireland, on opposition from government Lords.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 1 November 2018, royal assent was granted to the "Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Act 2018", which contains sections describing Northern Ireland's same-sex marriage and abortion bans as human rights violations. The law did not legalise same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland, but directed the British Government to "issue guidance" to civil servants in Northern Ireland "in relation to the incompatibility of human rights with [the region's laws on the two issues]". The law passed 207–117 in the House of Commons.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In July 2019, McGinn announced his intention to attach an amendment to an upcoming administrative bill relating to Northern Ireland, which would legalise same-sex marriage three months after passage of the bill if the Northern Ireland Assembly remained suspended. Under the terms of the originally-drafted amendment, the region's executive could approve or repeal the measure upon resumption. The amendment passed in the House of Commons with 383 votes in favour and 73 votes against. McGinn's amendment, which was further amended by Lord Hayward during passage in the House of Lords, required the Secretary of State to issue regulations extending same-sex marriage to Northern Ireland if the Assembly had not reconvened by 21 October 2019. If this occurred, then the regulations would come into effect on 13 January 2020. The bill passed its final stages in the Parliament and received royal assent on 24 July 2019, becoming the "Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019".


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: On 21 October 2019, 31 unionist MLAs signed a petition to reconvene the Northern Ireland Assembly to pass legislation to keep abortion illegal. The sitting was boycotted by Sinn Féin, the Alliance Party, the Green Party, and People Before Profit, and as a result the speaker, Robin Newton, ruled that the Assembly could not conduct business after an election unless a speaker could be elected on a cross-community vote. The sitting was therefore abandoned, and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Julian Smith, stated in the House of Commons that the British Government would issue the regulations as obliged. The regulations came into effect on 13 January 2020, and the first legal same-sex wedding ceremony in Northern Ireland took place on 11 February 2020 between Robyn Peoples and Sharni Edwards-Peoples in Belfast.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Two legal challenges to Northern Ireland's same-sex marriage ban were heard in the High Court in November and December 2015. Two couples, Grainne Close and Shannon Sickles and Chris and Henry Flanagan-Kanem, brought the case claiming that Northern Ireland's prohibition on same-sex marriage breached their human rights. The case was heard simultaneously with a case brought in January 2015 in which two men who wed in England sought to have their marriage recognised in Northern Ireland. A ruling was handed down in August 2017; Judge John Ailbe O'Hara found against the couples and determined that there were no grounds under case law from the European Court of Human Rights that the couples' rights were violated by Northern Ireland's refusal to recognise their union as a marriage. One of the couples involved in the litigation (who were granted anonymity) said they would appeal the ruling. The appeal was heard by a three-judge panel of the Court of Appeal on 16 March 2018; a ruling had been expected some time in 2019. On 7 April 2020, the Court of Appeal in Belfast ruled that same-sex couples faced unjustified discrimination while denied the opportunity to marry in Northern Ireland. But with changes to the law meaning same-sex weddings can take place in Northern Ireland since 11 February 2020, senior judges decided not to make a formal declaration on any human rights breach.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: A September 2014 LucidTalk poll for the "Belfast Telegraph" showed that 40.1% of the population supported same-sex marriage, while 39.4% opposed and 20.5% either had or stated no opinion. Of those that gave an opinion, 50.5% supported and 49.5% opposed same-sex marriage. A poll in May 2015 found that 68% of the population supported same-sex marriage, with support rising to 75% in Belfast. A "mass rally", organised by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions, Amnesty International, and the Rainbow Project took place in Belfast on 13 June 2015, with a 20,000 person turnout. A June 2016 poll placed support for same-sex marriage at 70%, while those opposing it at 22%.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: An April 2018 poll put support for same-sex marriage among Northern Ireland's population at 76%, while 18% were opposed.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: 1,409 same-sex marriages were performed between 29 March and 30 June 2014, with lesbian couples accounting for 56% of these marriages. By October 2015, approximately 15,000 same-sex marriages had been performed in England and Wales. Of these, 7,366 were new marriages, while 7,732 were conversions from civil partnerships. 55% of these marriages were between female couples and 45% were between male couples. During that same time period, the number of couples opting for civil partnerships fell significantly. In Cheshire for example, around 70 civil partnerships were recorded each year, but in 2015 only 4 partnerships were performed in the county.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: 462 same-sex marriages were performed in Scotland in the first five months of legalisation, accounting for 12% of all marriages performed during that time. Statistics published by the National Records of Scotland showed that 1,671 same-sex marriages took place in Scotland in 2015. Of these, 935 were conversions from civil partnerships and 736 were new marriages.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: The first same-sex marriage for a member of the British royal family occurred on 22 September 2018 when Lord Ivar Mountbatten married his partner James Coyle at his private estate in Uffculme. Mountbatten is through his father, David Mountbatten, the great-great-great grandson of Queen Victoria, and a first cousin, once removed of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. His ex-wife Penny Mountbatten walked him down the aisle.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in England and Wales since March 2014 according to the Office for National Statistics. The overwhelming majority of same-sex marriages are performed in civil ceremonies; there were 23 religious same-sex marriages in 2014, 44 in 2015, 61 in 2016, 43 in 2017 and 63 in 2018. In 2018, the average age of marriage for same-sex partners was 40.4 years for men and 36.9 years for women.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Most major religious organisations in the United Kingdom do not perform same-sex marriages in their places of worship. Some smaller Christian denominations such as the Dutch Church in London, Quakers and Unitarians perform same-sex marriages. In addition, Liberal Judaism and the Movement for Reform Judaism perform same-sex marriages, and campaigned in favour of legislation.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In May 2016, the Oasis Church Waterloo in London applied for a licence that would allow it to conduct same-sex marriages. Pastor Steve Chalke said "Oasis Church in Waterloo has reached the decision. It's taken us some time to reach it, that this is something we want to do".


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In June 2016, the Scottish Episcopal Church became the first British province in the Anglican Communion to take steps to allow same-sex marriages to be performed in their churches. The General Synod voted in favour of a motion to begin discussion amongst the seven dioceses to remove the doctrinal clause which stated that marriage was between a man and a woman. The vote received support from five of seven bishops, 69% of the clergy and 80% of the laity. The General Synod formally approved the change to the doctrinal clause in June 2017, removing language stating that marriages could only be between a man and a woman and introducing a new conscience clause which allows clergy to opt out of performing same-sex weddings. On 20 July 2017, it was announced that a same-sex wedding was to be held in St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow, later in the summer. On 1 August 2017, a same-sex marriage, which included the Eucharist as a nuptial mass, was held at the Church of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh. The Scottish Episcopal Church is estimated to have 100,000 members, and offers same-sex marriage to other Anglicans, including members of churches in England and the United States.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In July 2016, the United Reformed Church voted overwhelmingly to allow its churches to perform same-sex marriages. The Church, with 60,000 members and 1,400 congregations, became the largest Christian organisation in the UK to offer same-sex marriages at that time.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In June 2021 the Methodist Church of Great Britain voted to permit same-sex marriage in their places of worship. The Methodist Conference voted 254 to 46 in favour of the move. A freedom of conscience clause allows ministers with objections to opt out of performing same-sex weddings. With about 164,000 members and 4,000 churches, the Methodist Church became the largest Christian denomination in the UK to permit same-sex marriages at that time.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In September 2021, the Church in Wales voted to bless–but not perform–same-sex marriages in the church. The move was supported unanimously by the bishops, while the clergy voted 28 to 12 in favor with two abstentions, and the laity voted 49 to 10 with one abstention. Gregory Cameron, bishop of the Diocese of St Asaph, said the decision was a "huge step forward for the church and for us all in Wales". The measure includes a conscience clause, allowing individual clergy to decide whether or not to offer blessings. The Church in Wales, like the Church of England, is legally banned from performing same-sex marriages. Cameron performed the first blessing of a same-sex relationship on 13 November 2021 for Father Lee Taylor, the Vicar of Llangollen, and his partner Fabiano Da Silva Duarte.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In May 2018, the Church of Scotland voted to draft new laws that would allow ministers to conduct same-sex marriages. The motion was passed by the General Assembly by a vote of 345 to 170. The legal questions committee had two years to draft legislation. In May 2021, the General Assembly voted 319–217 to approve the draft legislation. The law includes safeguards for ministers opposed to performing same-sex marriages.The presbyteries voted 29–12 in support of the legislation in April, and the General Assembly gave its final approval on 23 May 2022 by 274 votes to 136. Reverend Scott Rennie, the minister of Queen's Cross Church in Aberdeen, welcomed the move, saying, "My marriage to my husband, Dave, nurtures my life and my ministry, and frankly I do not think I could be a minister of this church without his love and support. It is always there in the background. Same-sex marriage is like opposite-sex marriage and it has its joys and sorrows, its glories and its tensions. It’s pretty normal, really." The vote made the Church of Scotland the largest church in the UK to allow same-sex marriages.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Following the "Consular Marriage and Marriages under Foreign Law Order 2014", "a consular marriage may take place in those countries or territories outside the United Kingdom which have notified the Secretary of State in writing that there is no objection to such marriages taking place in that country or territory and which have not subsequently revoked that notice". Same-sex consular marriages are possible in 26 countries: Australia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, China (including Hong Kong), Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nicaragua, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, the Seychelles and Vietnam.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: 240 consular same-sex marriages were performed between June 2014 and the end of December 2015. An additional 140 couples converted their civil partnerships into marriages. Consular marriages for same-sex couples were particularly popular in Australia prior to the country's legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2017. 445 couples had married in British consulates across Australia by October 2017.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Same-sex marriage is legal and performed in the three Crown dependencies of Britain and in eight of the fourteen Overseas Territories.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Of the fourteen overseas territories of Britain, same-sex marriage is allowed in eight: Akrotiri and Dhekelia, the British Antarctic Territory, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, the Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

text: In July 2022, Lord Michael Cashman introduced legislation to the House of Lords to legalise same-sex marriage in the remaining six British Overseas Territories. The bill would "empower the Governor of each Territory to make changes to the law in the Territory to recognize the lawfulness of same-sex marriage and allow for the solemnization of marriage of same-sex couples." It had its first reading in the House of Lords on 6 July. The Governor of the Cayman Islands, Martyn Roper, said the measure has "little chance of progressing". This is not the first attempt to extend same-sex marriage rights to all British Overseas Territories. In February 2019, a Foreign Affairs Select Committee report recommended extending same-sex marriage laws in all territories with an Order in Council. The Leader of the Opposition of the Turks and Caicos Islands, Washington Misick, accused the British Government of trying to "neutralise the authority" of the Caribbean territories. MP Chris Bryant accused territories of wanting to "have their cake and eat it" by refusing to allow same-sex marriages: "You want to be under the British umbrella, but you do not want to be part of the British way of life."


title: Car collection of the 29th Sultan of Brunei

text: The car collection of the 29th Sultan of Brunei is the largest private car collection in the world, consisting of approximately 7,000 cars, which have an estimated combined value over US$5 billion. Within his collection of cars, the Sultan’s collection of Ferrari F40s, McLaren F1s, and Rolls-Royce vehicles are particularly notable due to the rarity of the vehicles and their value.


text: The Ferrari F40 was a mid-engine sports car produced from 1987 to 1992 to celebrate Ferrari’s 40th anniversary of the company’s founding in 1947. Of the eleven known Ferrari F40s purchased by the Sultan of Brunei, ten underwent cosmetic and performance modifications performed by Italian car designer firm Pininfarina, with nine of the cars being modified under the supervision of Paolo Garella, the Pininfarina Prototype Manager of the 1990s.


text: Under the supervision of Paolo Garella, nine Ferrari F40s were modified by Pininfarina. This included seven road cars, and two Ferrari F40 LMs. Of the seven custom road-car F40s. These seven cars were also fitted with air-conditioning, a radio, electric windows, and a tiltable steering wheel column as options requested by the Sultan.


text: Only three of the eleven Ferrari F40s have exchanged ownership from the Sultan of Brunei. One of these cars was the original F40 LM purchased for Brunei in 1992 which has since gone through four separate owners before ultimately being purchased by Shinji Takei in 1996. The two other vehicles were the right hand drive converted yellow F40, and right hand drive converted matte grey F40, which were both purchased back from the Brunei Royal Family by John Collins, a Ferrari dealer who worked for Talacrest, a UK-based Ferrari specialist.


text: The matte grey exterior car was converted to a Rosso corsa exterior with LM seats in the early 2000s. However, in 2018 the car was restored back to a matte grey exterior with red stripe, leaving the LM seats, with the work being done by UK engineering firm DK Engineering.


text: The yellow car was also restored to its original configuration with a Rosso Corsa exterior and red cloth interior whilst remaining in a right hand drive configuration. It is the only right hand drive Ferrari F40 up for purchase in the world.


text: The McLaren F1 was a mid-engine sports car manufactured from 1992 to 1998, with a total of 106 cars being produced. Due to the extremely limited number of production, the cars are extremely rare and are valued between $8 million USD to $13.5 Million. The Sultan of Brunei purchased ten of the 106 McLaren F1s produced, and these included five road cars, three F1 LMs, one F1 GT, and one F1 GTR.


text: The Bugatti EB 110 was a rear mid-engine sports car manufactured from 1991-1995. The Royal family ordered a "few" EB 110s for the collection, including 4 EB 110 SS models with the respective production codes of 01, 02, 03, 13. SS01 was sold to the UK in the early 2000's. SS02, SS03 and SS13 are still in the Royal family garages as of 2010.


text: As of 2011, the Sultan of Brunei holds the Guinness World Record for the largest private Rolls-Royce collection, with more than 500 Rolls-Royce vehicles.


text: The Rolls-Royce Phantom VI was produced from 1968 to 1990, and was commonly used by the British Monarchy. The Sultan of Brunei custom ordered four Phantom VIs, named the Rolls-Royce Cloudesque. The car was a modernised version of the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud, produced from 1955 to 1966, having undergone engine modifications and transmission upgrades.


text: The Rolls-Royce Silver Spur II was a luxury limousine produced by Rolls-Royce from 1989 to 1993. The Sultan of Brunei also custom ordered a Rolls-Royce Silver Spur II stretch limousine for his wedding day, but had the car customised such that the whole vehicle was plated with 24-carat gold, with the limousine having an estimated price of $14 million USD.


title: Network 10

text: Network 10 (commonly known as Ten Network, Channel 10 or simply 10) is an Australian commercial television network owned by Ten Network Holdings, a division of the Paramount Networks UK & Australia subsidiary of Paramount Global. One of five national free-to-air networks, 10's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country.


title: Network 10

text: As of 2022, Network 10 is the fourth-rated television network in Australia, behind the Seven Network, Nine Network, ABC TV and ahead of SBS.


title: Network 10

text: From the introduction of TV in 1956 until 1965 there were three television networks in Australia, the National Television Network (now the Nine Network), the Australian Television Network (now the Seven Network), and the public ABC National Television Service (now ABC TV). In the early 1960s, the Australian Government began canvassing the idea of licensing a third commercial television station in each capital city. This decision was seen by some as a way for the government to defuse growing public dissatisfaction with the dominance of imported overseas programming and the paucity of local content. The first of these third licences was granted to United Telecasters (a consortium of Amalgamated Wireless, Colonial Sugar Refining Company, Email, Bank of New South Wales and the NRMA) on 4 April 1963.


title: Network 10

text: Structurally, the Australian television industry was closely modelled on the two-tiered system that had been in place in Australian radio since the late 1930s. One tier consisted of a network of publicly funded television stations run by the ABC, which was funded by government budget allocation and (until 1972) by fees from television viewer licences. The second tier consisted of the commercial networks and independent stations owned by private operators, whose income came from selling advertising time.


title: Network 10

text: The network was launched as ATV-0 in Melbourne opened on 1 August 1964 and was owned by the Ansett Transport Industries, which at the time owned one of Australia's two domestic airlines. TEN-10 in Sydney, which opened on 5 April 1965, was originally owned by United Telecasters, which also in July that year opened TVQ-0 in Brisbane. Also opened later that month was SAS-10, serving the city of Adelaide.


title: Network 10

text: The new television network was initially dubbed the Independent Television System or ITS, but in 1970 adopted the title The 0-10 Network, which reflected the channels used by the first two stations launched in the group, ATV and TEN.


title: Network 10

text: Melbourne's ATV was the first station of the network to stage colour broadcasts in 1967, the broadcast was that of the horse races in Pakenham, Victoria, which was seen by network and RCA executives and invited members of the media and press. This would the first of many test colour telecasts for the station, and in tribute to this event, the 0-10 Network adopted the "First in Colour" slogan in 1974, within months before 1 March 1975 transition to colour broadcasting.


title: Network 10

text: For its first five years, the 0-10 Network led a hand-to-mouth existence. By the beginning of the 1970s the network was in a precarious financial position and there were predictions that it would fail.


title: Network 10

text: In 1971, the 0-10 Network first aired "Young Talent Time", which was a huge ratings success, and ran for 17 years.


title: Network 10

text: However, the network's true financial reprise came about due to the fact that the controversial adult soap opera serial "Number 96", which premiered in March 1972 on the night that "Australian TV lost its virginity". The series broke new ground for Australian television and captured the imagination of viewers like few programs before or since. For the next three years it was consistently Australia's top-rating television program and, not surprisingly, its huge popularity attracted advertisers to Ten "en masse", with the result that its revenue increased significantly from $1 million in 1971 to more than $10 million in 1972.


title: Network 10

text: However, the pattern of ratings dominance was already set, and for most of the next five decades from the mid-1960s there was little deviation from the prevalent rankings, with the Nine Network typically in first place, the Seven Network second, 0-10 third and ABC TV fourth.


title: Network 10

text: The gradual evolution of Network Ten into its current form has its origins in the ongoing attempts by media mogul Rupert Murdoch to acquire a prized commercial television licence in Australia's largest capital city market, Sydney. This began when Murdoch's News Limited purchased the Wollongong station WIN-4 in the early 1960s, around the same time he bought Festival Records. In 1977, frustrated by regulatory blocks that prevented him from expanding into the Sydney market, Murdoch sold WIN and purchased a 46% share in Ten Sydney.


title: Network 10

text: In 1979, Murdoch made an unsuccessful takeover bid for the Melbourne-based The Herald and Weekly Times media group, which originally owned HSV-7. Although the bid failed, he gained a 50% stake in Ansett, which thus gave him control of channel 0 in Melbourne.


title: Network 10

text: On 20 January 1980, the 0-10 Network became known as Network Ten to reflect ATV moving from channel 0 to channel 10 – although the Brisbane station continued to broadcast as TVQ-0 until 10 September 1988 when the station changed to TVQ-10. In 1987 Adelaide's Network Ten affiliate (SAS-10) and Seven Network affiliate (ADS-7) successfully negotiated to exchange affiliation rights and channel frequencies due to ownership problems. On 27 December 1987, the exchange came into effect and ADS-7, owned by the same owners as the main Network Ten stations, became ADS-10 with SAS-10 converting to SAS-7, operated by TVW-7 in Perth.


title: Network 10

text: When Murdoch became an American citizen in 1985 so that he could expand his media empire in the United States with the Fox network, Australia's media ownership laws obliged him to dispose of the flagship television stations, which were sold to The Northern Star, an offshoot of the Westfield Group conglomerate controlled by property tycoon Frank Lowy. However, Westfield was badly hit by the stock market crash of 1987, and in 1989 sold Network Ten to a consortium led by Charles Curran and former television journalist Steve Cosser.


title: Network 10

text: The network became fully national in 1988 with the launch of NEW-10 in Perth, after the introduction of satellite facilities made it economical for the network to broadcast to Western Australia. Northern Star officially took hold of TVQ-10 later in the year because of swapping frequencies with neighbouring DDQ-0 in Toowoomba and rebranded CTC Canberra under the network banner in time for aggregation.


title: Network 10

text: In 1989, Ten's ratings were in decline, so on 23 July 1989, recently recruited network boss Bob Shanks relaunched the network, re-branding it as 10 TV Australia, and introduced several new programs, including four new prime time game shows. However, by the end of 1989 the ratings had failed to improve and most of the new programs were cancelled, except for its Eyewitness News newscasts, "Neighbours" and "E Street" (debuting in late 1988).


title: Network 10

text: Meanwhile, owners Northern Star Holdings were having financial and regulatory problems. The company was subject to an inquiry by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal in relation to media ownership rules and had run into financial difficulties following the 1987 stock market crash two years earlier. On 1 September 1989, Northern Star Holdings announced a major restructure to pay off debts and help restore profitability. The proposals included selling off the network's three smaller stations; ADS Adelaide, NEW Perth and CTC Canberra to Charles Curran's "Capital Television Group". The sale was complete on 27 October 1989, effectively splitting Northern Star's Network Ten in half.


title: Network 10

text: In September 1990, Northern Star filed for receivership and in January 1991, the network was re-branded back to Network Ten with the first version of its famous "ten" watermark logo. The network entered liquidation in May 1991. In 1992, the network's flagship stations were sold to the Canadian-based Canwest media group, which held a controlling stake in the network until 2009. Also in 1992, the network commenced a strategy of targeting younger audiences. The Adelaide and Perth stations were re-acquired by the network in 1995.


title: Network 10

text: With the network having financially recovered, Ten Network Holdings floated on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1998. At this time, Ten had affiliate broadcasting agreements with Southern Cross Broadcasting in southern New South Wales, regional Victoria and Tasmania, and with Telecasters Australia in northern New South Wales and regional Queensland.


title: Network 10

text: In 2001, Ten opened the doors to the "Big Brother Australia" house and with it reality television. The opening night of "Big Brother" became the most watched programs of the night. The trend was then followed by launching the Australian version of reality singing competition format Idols called "Australian Idol" in 2003. Australian Idol was a hit for several years, lasting until 2009.


title: Network 10

text: In 2004, Network Ten enjoyed its best year since the 1970s, winning two ratings weeks (out of 40) and finishing second nationally only behind the Nine Network and well ahead of the Seven Network. This was a departure from previous years, in which it typically places third behind Nine and Seven in most other ratings years since 2000.


title: Network 10

text: In 2005, Canwest was in discussions with newspaper publisher John Fairfax Holdings about a possible sale of the network, after the federal government indicated it may consider relaxing Australia's media cross-ownership laws. Previously, newspaper owners could not own television stations in the same city. Fairfax owned the Seven Network until 1988, and had been looking for a way back into television for a long time.


title: Network 10

text: On 21 August 2005, the network celebrated its 40th birthday with a two-hour highlights package called "Ten: Seriously 40", which was hosted by Bert Newton and Rove McManus.


title: Network 10

text: On 27 October 2005, Network Ten announced that its long-running morning talk-variety program "Good Morning Australia" would be cancelled at the end of the year after a fourteen-year run. This ended host Bert Newtons 14-year association with Network Ten, although he was offered ongoing employment with the network, he announced that he would be returning to the Nine Network. 9"am with David & Kim" replaced GMA as Ten's national morning program from 2006 to 2009.


title: Network 10

text: From 2006 to 2008, Ten was the official broadcaster of Sydney New Year's Eve. The rights returned to the Nine Network from 2009.


title: Network 10

text: On 7 August 2007, Network Ten and Foxtel signed a new agreement allowing Ten's digital signal to be transmitted via Foxtel's cable and satellite services. Prior to this, Ten was only transmitted via cable on Foxtel in an analogue format and Austar in standard definition digital via Mystar. Similarly in October 2007, Network Ten and Optus announced that Ten's digital signal would be available on its cable network from 1 December 2007.


title: Network 10

text: On 16 December 2007, Ten HD was officially launched as a breakaway channel, becoming the first new commercial television channel in metropolitan areas of Australia since 1988. Ten HD ceased broadcasting on 25 March 2009 when it was replaced by what was a sports-only high-definition channel, One HD.


title: Network 10

text: On 24 September 2009, Canwest announced that it was selling its 50.1% stake in Ten Network Holdings for $680 million, to pay down its significant debt. In late 2009, Canwest filed for creditor bankruptcy protection, due to CA$4 billion mounting debt across radio, television broadcasting and publishing assets in several countries.


title: Network 10

text: On 20 October 2010, four years after he sold his shares in PBL Media to private equity firm CVC Asia Pacific, James Packer purchased 16 per cent of Ten.


title: Network 10

text: Network Ten launched a new digital channel, Eleven, on 11 January 2011. The channel is aimed at a "distinctly youthful" audience between the ages of 13 and 29. "Neighbours" and "The Simpsons" were high-profile programs migrating from Ten to the new channel. The channel was a joint venture with CBS Studios International, which owned a 33% stake.


title: Network 10

text: On 8 May 2011, Ten relaunched its sports based channel One, with general entertainment programming aimed at males taking over the schedule. It is aimed at a similar audience to 7mate.


title: Network 10

text: In 2012, Ten unsuccessfully launched many new programs. This led to Ten's ratings dropping to fourth place behind ABC TV for over thirty straight nights. The poor performance resulted in Chief Programming Officer David Mott's resignation.


title: Network 10

text: In late 2012, Ten reported a loss of $12.9m as it battled poor advertising markets and failed to hold larger audience numbers. They made positions at the station redundant and said that production may become centralised.


title: Network 10

text: On 15 June 2015, Foxtel (co-owned by News Corp) bought 15% shares in Ten Network Holdings, pending the approval from the ACCC. Prior to the acquisition, Discovery backed out from bidding partnership with Foxtel. In July 2015, Paul Anderson was announced as the new chief executive officer.


title: Network 10

text: A high-definition simulcast of 10 was revived on 2 March 2016. As a result, One, now known as 10 Bold, began broadcasting in standard definition only.


title: Network 10

text: On 29 April 2016, the Nine Network pulled its regional affiliation with WIN Television over a lawsuit involving its catch-up service 9Now, and announced a new affiliation agreement with Southern Cross Austereo, Ten's then-primary regional affiliate. Ten subsequently negotiated a five-year affiliation deal with WIN; the new affiliations took effect on 1 July, with WIN becoming the carrier of Network Ten programming in regional Queensland, Northern NSW, Southern NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, the Australian Capital Territory and the Gold Coast. WIN owner and Ten's largest shareholder Bruce Gordon positioned himself to increase his ownership stake in Ten, subject to changes to media ownership laws being passed.


title: Network 10

text: Following Ten Network Holdings reporting a $232 million half year loss, billionaire shareholders Lachlan Murdoch, Bruce Gordon and James Packer withdrew support for $250 million guaranteed loan that would help keep Ten out of receivership. This loan was intended to replace an existing guaranteed $200 million loan that was due to expire in December. On 13 June, Ten asked the Australian Securities Exchange that their stock be placed in a 48-hour trading halt while it assessed its options concerning receivership. It went into voluntary administration the following day.


title: Network 10

text: On 28 August 2017, Ten's administrators announced that the U.S. media company CBS Corporation (which had a 33% share in the multichannel Eleven and was Ten's largest creditor) had entered into a binding agreement to purchase the company for $123 million. CBS refinanced Ten's existing debt including guarantor fees to billionaire shareholders James Packer, Lachlan Murdoch and Bruce Gordon, and existing loans from the Commonwealth Bank. Shareholders in Ten Network Holdings lost their investment.


title: Network 10

text: Gordon and Murdoch had also placed their own joint bid for the company, which was not endorsed by the administrators. At a meeting held on 12 September, Ten's creditors overwhelmingly voted in support of CBS' bid, citing concerns over Murdoch's previous management of Ten and talk of mass job cuts in the news department under Murdoch/Gordon ownership.


title: Network 10

text: The CBS acquisition was completed on 16 November 2017, when the shares of Ten Network Holdings were transferred to CBS Network Ten BV, a company registered in the Netherlands.


title: Network 10

text: Following the CBS acquisition, the network became a division of CBS Studios International. Ten moved to commission more Australian content. The additional programs were financed by the savings from the dissolution of Ten's output agreement with 21st Century Fox. CBS also moved to re-establish an in-house advertising sales department for 2019, bringing to an end Ten's four-year period with the Foxtel-affiliated Multi Channel Network (MCN). One reason CBS acquired Ten was to assist the company to launch its CBS All Access streaming service in the Australian market. The service launched in December 2018 and was branded 10 All Access in the local market.


title: Network 10

text: On 31 October 2018, the network unveiled a new logo, replacing the "ten" wordmark used since 1991 with a stylised circle 10, and the network now referred to in text as Network 10. The new brand is used across all of Network 10's platforms and services, and was intended to reflect the broadcaster's positioning as an "adventurous alternative" with a "sense of fun". 10 also relaunched its multichannels Eleven and One as 10 Peach and 10 Boss, with Boss focusing on dramatic programming and targeting an older adult audience, and Peach continuing to be targeted towards young adults. 10 Boss was forced to change its name to 10 Bold on 10 December 2018 due to trademark conflicts with Fairfax Media.


title: Network 10

text: On 4 December 2019, CBS Corporation completed a re-merger with fellow media conglomerate Viacom as ViacomCBS; the two companies had previously separated in 2005. ViacomCBS subsequently began to integrate the companies' operations in Australia; in a reorganization of the ViacomCBS Networks International division, Network 10 would join its new sister network in the United Kingdom, Channel 5 (previously owned by Viacom) as part of ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia in January 2020. The following month, it was announced that the former Viacom channels in Australia would be brought under the Network 10 sales department, moving away from Foxtel Media (formerly MCN) in April. Network 10 also began to co-commission new programmes with Channel 5, including the drama miniseries "Lie With Me" and documentary series "The Royals Revealed". In February 2022, it similarly announced that it had ordered a spin-off of CBS's drama franchise "NCIS" that would be set in Sydney.


title: Network 10

text: On 13 July 2020, it was announced that Network 10 would launch a third digital channel, 10 Shake, on 27 September. The network will carry children's programmes in the daytime hours (drawing primarily television from Nickelodeon), while evening and prime time hours will feature "edgy" series and films targeting young adults, including television programmes from Comedy Central and MTV, and CBS late-night talk show "The Late Late Show with James Corden".


title: Network 10

text: In March 2021, 10 announced that it would return to Southern Cross Austereo as its regional affiliate in most markets beginning on 1 July 2021, in a deal that will last at least two years. The agreement reversed 10's 2016 move to WIN, which had announced a long-term agreement to return to the Nine Network.


title: Network 10

text: On 15 February 2022, it was announced that ViacomCBS would be rebranding as Paramount Global as part of a wide rebrand strategy. Following this announcement, the ViacomCBS Networks International division was rebranded as Paramount Networks International. Network 10 joined Channel 5 as part of the rebrand of its respective division, now going under the name of Paramount Networks UK & Australia.


title: Network 10

text: Ten's current Australian program line-up consists of series such as: "Bondi Rescue", "Australian Survivor", "I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "The Masked Singer Australia", "Gogglebox Australia" (with Foxtel's Lifestyle), "Studio 10", "RPM", "Sports Tonight", "The Amazing Race Australia", "The Project", "The Living Room", "Ambulance Australia", "Todd Sampson's Body Hack", "Hunted", "Shaun Micallef's Brain Eisteddfod", "MasterChef Australia", "The Bachelor Australia", "The Bachelorette Australia", "Bachelor in Paradise Australia", "Have You Been Paying Attention?", "The Cheap Seats", "The Cube", "Dive Club", "The Dog House Australia", "First Dates Australia", "Would I Lie to You? Australia", "The Real Love Boat", "", "The Traitors", "The First Inventors" and "Territory Cops".


title: Network 10

text: Current US programming that airs on 10 and its digital multichannels is sourced from 10's deals Paramount International Networks (owner) / MTV Networks and Nickelodeon International (long running; Nickelodeon televisions only), Roadshow Films / Village Roadshow Pictures and Warner Bros. Television Distribution, STX Entertainment, Lionsgate, Lantern Entertainment, Transmission Films and various independent Studios. When it was independent, 10 had a long-standing relationship with Paramount Global Distribution Group for Australian rights to its content.


title: Network 10

text: On 30 October 2017, the network ceased its output deal as a side effect of the network's bankruptcy and CBS acquisition. The network would go on to lose their deal with 20th Century Fox, and with it, the network's rights to "The Simpsons", "Modern Family" and "Life in Pieces", among many others.


title: Network 10

text: In 2018 however, 10 would create a new acquired programming deal with Warner Bros. and Roadshow, granting the network programming rights which they currently share with Nine.


title: Network 10

text: Due to the ViacomCBS merge in 2019, the rights to Paramount televisions and films programming is shared between the Nine Network, Network 10 and ABC. Nickelodeon television programming is also shared between 9Go!, 10 Shake, ABC Kids, and ABC ME; though most of its programming has usually aired on Network 10 and 10 Shake since 2020.


title: Network 10

text: Sharing programs is currently a new rule for all the networks after a very, very long absence which have their own programs from 1990s to 2014. All the networks can now share the programs again with each networks of televisions and films, including splitting up the different seasons of the same television series or franchise. Also some television brands can split the different seasons of the same television series by aired on both networks.


title: Network 10

text: Shared US programming that airs on 10 and Seven which its digital multichannels is sourced from 10 and Seven's deals with Paramount Home Entertainment (selected films only) and Warner Bros. Television Distribution (now elasped).


title: Network 10

text: Shared US programming which airs on 10 and Nine and its digital multi-channels are sourced from 10 and Nine's deals with Paramount International Networks / MTV Networks and Nickelodeon International (Nickelodeon televisions only), Lionsgate, Roadshow Films / Village Roadshow Pictures and Warner Bros. Television Distribution.


title: Network 10

text: Shared US programming that airs on 10 and ABC and its digital multi-channels are sourced from 10 and ABC's deals Nickelodeon International (Nickelodeon televisions only) and MTV Networks.


title: Network 10

text: The network formerly broadcast catalogue movie and television titles from Sony Pictures produced in the 1990s prior to 2016, NBCUniversal produced in the 1990s prior to 2016, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer produced in the late 1990s prior to 2004, 20th Century Fox from 2008 to 2017, Regency Enterprises from 2015 to 2018, DreamWorks from 2012 to 2019, Nickelodeon Movies from 2000 to 2019, Miramax from 2018 to 2019 and Touchstone from 2017 to 2022. MGM, Regency, NBCUniversal, DreamWorks, Nickelodeon Movies, and Miramax now belong to Nine Network while Fox, Disney, and Sony now belong to the Seven Network, Nine revived MGM, NBCUniversal, DreamWorks, Nickelodeon Movies, and Miramax broadcast rights and Seven revived Fox, Disney and Sony broadcast rights.


title: Network 10

text: Network 10's news service is called "10 News First" (previously "Ten News" & "Ten Eyewitness News"). It produces local bulletins each weeknight and national bulletins on weekday mornings and weekends.


title: Network 10

text: During weekday overnights and Sunday mornings, Network 10 rebroadcasts American television network CBS's (sister network since 2017) morning news program "CBS Mornings".


title: Network 10

text: In November 2006, Network 10 struck a deal with CBS, reportedly worth A$6 million a year. This allows Network Ten the rights to air all CBS News footage, as well as access to its "60 Minutes", "Dr. Phil", "Late Show with David Letterman" and "48 Hours" programs. This deal occurred after CBS's talks with the Nine Network broke down, with Nine refusing to pay A$8 million a year to continue its 40-year deal with CBS. Ten in turn struck a cheaper deal, and has onsold CBS's 60 Minutes stories to Nine.


title: Network 10

text: On 31 July 2012, "Entertainment Tonight" was picked up by Network 10 after airing since 1982 until 30 June 2012 on the Nine Network following cutbacks on overseas purchases.


title: Network 10

text: In late 2012, 10 reported a loss of $12.9m as it battled poor advertising markets and failed to hold larger audience numbers. They made positions at the station redundant and said that production may become centralised.


title: Network 10

text: The network is a major player in Australian sports broadcasting. All sports broadcasts on 10 and its multichannels are labelled under the "10 Sport" brand. Since the ViacomCBS takeover however, the channel has significantly toned down its commitment to sports programming.


title: Network 10

text: In 2002, 10 combined with the Nine Network and Foxtel to acquire broadcast rights for the Australian Football League, the elite Australian rules football competition, displacing the Seven Network which had held the rights for more than 40 years. 10 broadcast Saturday afternoon and Saturday night games and had exclusive rights for all finals games. Along with the Seven Network, 10 placed a successful $780 million bid to jointly broadcast the game from 2007 to 2011. Under this deal, 10 continued to broadcast the Saturday component of the competition. However, unlike the previous deal, 10 did not hold the exclusive rights to the finals series. Instead, the networks shared the broadcasting of the finals series and alternated the broadcast of the grand final. In the years when 10 did not televise the Grand Final (2008 and 2010), it telecast the pre-season Grand Final and the Brownlow Medal presentation. 10 ended AFL broadcasting after 10 years at the conclusion of the 2011 season.


title: Network 10

text: In 2003, 10 started broadcasting the Formula One World Championship after the Nine Network dropped the rights in 2002 after more than twenty years of coverage.


title: Network 10

text: All Big Bash League games was broadcast in Australia by 10. In 2013, 10 paid $100 million for BBL rights over five years, marking the channel's first foray in elite domestic cricket coverage. Ten previously held the broadcast rights to the Indian Premier League.


title: Network 10

text: 10, in joint partnership with subscription television provider Foxtel, had broadcast rights for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.


title: Network 10

text: 10 acquired broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia for AUD$20 million after all three major commercial networks pulled out of bidding on rights to both the 2014 and 2016 Olympic Games due to cost concerns. The Nine Network had lost AUD$22 million on its joint coverage of the 2012 Games with Foxtel, and the Seven Network's bid was rejected for being lower than what Nine/Foxtel had previously paid.


title: Network 10

text: In 2018, 10 signed the rights to the Melbourne Cup Carnival, after the Seven Network ended the rights for 17 years.


title: Network 10

text: In 2021, 10 acquired the rights to a range of football content, most notably both A-League Men and Women competitions as well as Socceroos and Matildas games. The deal also included content from the AFC, which includes the AFC Champions League and other World Cup qualifiers in the AFC region involving non-Australian teams, among others. Football content will be broadcast across both Paramount+ and free-to-air platforms.


title: Network 10

text: Network 10 is available in standard definition and in 1080i high definition. Core programming is fibre fed out of ATV Melbourne to its sister stations and regional affiliates with TEN Sydney providing national news programming. The receiving stations and affiliates then insert their own localised news and advertising which is then broadcast in metropolitan areas via Network 10's owned-and-operated stations TEN Sydney, ATV Melbourne, TVQ Brisbane, ADS Adelaide, and NEW Perth.


title: Network 10

text: The network's programming is also carried into regional Australia by various affiliate stations, including Southern Cross 10, WIN Television, Mildura Digital Television, Tasmanian Digital Television, Darwin Digital Television, Central Digital Television and West Digital Television.


title: Network 10

text: The 10 HD multichannel was launched on 16 December 2007 until 25 March 2009 and later revived on 2 March 2016. It broadcasts identical programming to 10, but in 1080i HD.


title: Network 10

text: The network's free video on demand and catch up TV service is called 10 Play. Launched on 29 September 2013, replacing the network's old website that offered limited catch-up TV services. The service is available on the web and via apps for mobile devices, smart TVs, set-top boxes and video game consoles.


title: Network 10

text: Live streaming of Network 10's primary channel commenced on 21 January 2016, although it was available only during selected hours. 24 hour live streaming of the main channel commenced on 26 January 2018. A live stream of 10 Bold was available on a part-time basis until 21 February 2019. On 21 February 2019, 10 Bold switched to an 24-hour live stream and 10 Peach was added to the 10 Play live stream service. On 27 September 2020, 10 Shake was added to the 10 Play live stream service.


title: Network 10

text: 10 News First during Olympics and Commonwealth Games are not accessible through 10 Play live streaming service due to the digital broadcast rights being owned by IOC rights.


title: Network 10

text: 10 All Access was launched on 4 December 2018 as an ad-free subscription streaming service. It was a rebranded, localised version of CBS All Access. The service offered programming from 10 and CBS's libraries, original programming, a livestream of CBS News and the ability to watch select CBS programmes prior to their broadcast on 10's channels.


title: Network 10

text: In August 2020, following the re-merger of CBS Corporation and Viacom, ViacomCBS revealed plans to launch a new international streaming brand using the CBS All Access infrastructure, which would include CBS All Access and Showtime original programmes, Paramount Pictures films, other ViacomCBS library content, and content contributed from local subsidiaries. It was stated that existing Paramount Plus streaming services in Latin America and Nordic Europe, as well as 10 All Access, would be migrated to the then-unnamed service.


title: Network 10

text: On 16 September 2020, it was officially announced that 10 All Access would be rebranded as Paramount+ in mid-2021. On 7 May 2021, it was announced that Paramount+ would launch on 11 August. ViacomCBS also announced that the second season of "Five Bedrooms" would premiere on Paramount Plus' launch date and that Australian original series including "Spreadsheet", "Last King of the Cross" and movie "6 Festivals" were in production for the platform.


title: Network 10

text: For the 2006 series of "Big Brother", Ten appointed two censors to review the show instead of one. The Federal Minister for Communications, Senator Helen Coonan, was reported to have said that she would be keeping a "close watch on the show's 2006 series". This controversy resulted in "Big Brother Uncut" being renamed "Big Brother: Adults Only" for the 2006 season of "Big Brother". In two separate findings, the Australian Communications and Media Authority determined Network Ten breached clause 2.4 of the Commercial Television Industry Code of Practice. These two breaches were in relation to the broadcast of "Big Brother Uncut" on 30 May, 13 June and 4 July 2005. The broadcast material was not classified according to the Television Classification Guidelines.


title: Network 10

text: Despite toning down "Big Brother: Adults Only" significantly in comparison to 2005, the series continued to attract controversy. After "Big Brother: Adults Only" was abruptly cancelled several weeks early, a subsequent incident of alleged sexual assault in the house saw the removal of two housemates and a huge public outcry calling for the series to be cancelled entirely. This incident generated significant publicity for the show, even prompting the Prime Minister of Australia to call on Network Ten to "do a bit of self-regulation and get this stupid program off the air."


title: Network 10

text: Just prior to the fifth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, Network Ten broadcast "", a documentary that examined conspiracy theories about the terrorist attacks. Federal Labor politician Michael Danby demanded that the programming director of the station be sacked.


title: Network 10

text: On 8 October 2008, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) found Network Ten guilty of breaching the Commercial Television Industry Code of Practice by using subliminal advertising during the broadcast of the 2007 ARIA Music Awards on 28 October 2007. Network Ten had inserted single frames (lasting 1/25th of a second) into the program broadcast. This was exposed on ABC's "Media Watch" program.


title: Network 10

text: From 1964 to 1984 Network Ten's four stations – ATV-0/ATV-10 Melbourne, TEN-10 Sydney, TVQ-0 Brisbane and SAS-10 Adelaide – used different logos to identify themselves. There had also been a number of network-wide logos used from the mid-1960s through to the early 1980s.


title: Network 10

text: By late-1985 ATV-10, SAS-10 and TEN-10 were all using the same logo – a circle with "TEN" in the centre, somewhat in the style of a neon sign. This logo had been introduced by TEN-10 on 16 January 1983, was adopted by ATV-10 in June 1984 and by SAS-10 in November 1985. The logo was also similar to the new logo adopted by Brisbane's TVQ-0 in April 1983, when that station became branded as TV0 – a neon sign-style circle with "TV" in the centre.


title: Network 10

text: Kicking off several years of branding upheaval, on 24 January 1988 ATV-10, ADS-10 and TEN-10 all adopted the "X TEN" logo, followed by Perth's NEW-10 when the station launched in May of that year, and finally TVQ-0 on 10 September, when the station changed frequency and became TVQ-10. On 23 July 1989, the network rebranded again to "10 TV Australia".


title: Network 10

text: On 13 January 1991, the network introduced a new logo featuring a lowercase "ten" in a circle; four variations of this logo would appear over the next 27 years. The first version consisted of a white, silver or metallic ring enclosing a blue circle with "ten" in yellow lower case text. A revision of the logo with a yellow ring was introduced with the "Give Me Ten" ident campaign in 1995, but the white/silver/metallic ring was reintroduced with the network's 1997 idents. It was not until 1 October 1999 when the "Electric" ident was launched that the ring became yellow permanently.


title: Network 10

text: In January 2008, the logo was enhanced for HD with a glossy "ball" effect similar to the logo of American network ABC. On 22 June 2013, the logo changed again, when the ring and lettering became blue as well.


title: Network 10

text: On 31 October 2018, Ten unveiled a completely new logo, in its first major rebranding since 1991. The new branding replaced the "ten" wordmark with a numeric 10 in a circle. The "10" used in the logo is similar to those of American local TV stations WBNS-TV and WTSP. Coincidentally, the stations are affiliates of the CBS television network in the U.S., albeit as affiliates owned by Tegna Inc. as opposed to owned-and-operated stations part of CBS Television Stations.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel was born to a Jewish family on September 27, 1977, in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Rita (née Friedman) and Bruce Mandel. Mandel's maternal grandfather, Joe, is originally from Poland and is a Holocaust survivor, while his maternal grandmother, Fernanda, is originally from Italy and was hidden from the Nazis by Christian families during World War II. Mandel has a sister, Rachel. He attended Beachwood High School, where he was the quarterback of the football team.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel earned a bachelor's degree from the Ohio State University. At Ohio State, he served two terms as the undergraduate student government president. After graduating from Ohio State in 2000, he earned a Juris Doctor from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, where he served eight years as an intelligence specialist. His first tour was from February to November 2004, during which he was attached to a light armored reconnaissance battalion. He left for his second tour in September 2007. Attached to an infantry battalion, Mandel served in the city of Haditha.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel was elected to the Lyndhurst, Ohio, city council in 2003. He was on the council's finance committee.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In January 2005, Mandel sent a letter to Lyndhurst residents, proposing a one-time tax rebate of $400, paying the postage for the letters from his campaign fund. Faced with opposition from fellow council members, Mandel introduced and advocated for a 2 mill property tax rollback, which would have saved the average homeowner $100 a year on a home valued at $160,000. On April 4, 2005, the Council passed a 1.5 mill rollback that saved the average homeowner $75 per year.


title: Josh Mandel

text: He represented Ohio's 17th House district, consisting of 17 communities of various sizes in southeastern Cuyahoga County. Mandel was re-elected to a second term in 2008.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel's first piece of legislation as a State Representative, H.B. 151, was an initiative to force the multibillion-dollar Ohio pension funds to divest from companies doing business in Iran. He joined State Representative Shannon Jones (R) in an attempt to make Ohio the first state in the nation to divest from Iran, but the legislation was never signed into law due to a compromise between state pension executives and Ohio House leadership, agreed to by Mandel. Then-Speaker of the Ohio House Jon Husted brokered a deal to drop half of the state's investments in Iran and Sudan with the eventual goal of removing all investment from the two countries.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In the 128th Assembly, Mandel was one of 19 House members to vote against legislation to make cockfighting a felony. Mandel said that the legislation was not a pressing priority for the state and that the General Assembly should spend its time in other ways.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Also in the 128th Assembly, Mandel voted against legislation that "[p]rohibits discriminatory practices on the basis of "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" under many of the Ohio Civil Rights Commission (OCRC) Law's existing prohibitions against various unlawful discriminatory practices.". The bill passed the Ohio House by a vote of 56 to 39.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In May 2009, Mandel announced his candidacy for Ohio Treasurer of State via web video. Mandel's campaign generated controversy in late September 2010 when it ran a TV commercial falsely suggesting that Mandel's opponent, African-American Kevin Boyce, was a Muslim. The commercial was criticized for playing on anti-Muslim bias, and was ultimately withdrawn by the Mandel campaign. However, voters subsequently received a campaign mailing with similar themes. The Mandel campaign said that the Ohio Republican Party was responsible for the mailers, which had already been sent via bulk mail. In October 2010, in response to an Ohio Democratic Party complaint, the Ohio Elections Commission found that Mandel had deceptively depicted Boyce (an African Methodist Episcopal) as a Muslim in the ads.


title: Josh Mandel

text: On November 2, 2010, Mandel was elected Ohio State Treasurer, defeating Boyce by 14 percentage points to become chief investment officer of state funds. Mandel was sworn in on January 10, 2011.


title: Josh Mandel

text: During Mandel's time as treasurer, Ohio retained the highest possible rating from Standard & Poor's for the state's $4 billion government investment fund. On March 19, 2012, Mandel severed contracts with two major banks that handled $41 billion in Ohio pension investments, amid government investigations into whether the banks overcharged clients for currency trading accusing them of "systematically exploiting public pension funds and taxpayers."


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel was reelected to a second term as state treasurer in 2014, defeating Democratic State Representative Connie Pillich.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In December 2014, Mandel launched OhioCheckbook.com, a website that reports every expenditure in state government, in an effort, according to Mandel, to "create an army of citizen watchdogs who have the power to hold politicians accountable." Because there was no coordination with a similar effort undertaken by then-Governor John Kasich, Ohio ran two overlapping disclosure sites for several years. In June 2020, the state of Ohio merged the two sites, saving nearly a million dollars.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In summer 2015, Ohio passed legislation granting the Ohio Treasurer's Office the authority to open and administer ABLE accounts; such accounts are a federally authorized, state-run savings program for eligible people with disabilities. In June 2016, Mandel began offering the nation's first ABLE accounts, called in Ohio "STABLE Accounts". The Ohio Treasurer's Office, in addition to administering Ohio's STABLE Accounts, also jointly administers the ABLE accounts in Arizona, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In 2016 and 2017, the Ohio Treasurer's Office under Mandel spent almost $1.7 million in taxpayer-funded television ads, featuring him and Urban Meyer, the head coach for the Ohio State Buckeyes football team. Mandel's office made each payment for the ads to individual television stations in an amount less than $50,000 per fiscal year, thus circumventing the need for approval by the state Controlling Board, which must sign-off on state payments over this amount. Thirteen ad buys were within $1,000 of the $50,000 threshold. Mandel defended the ads, saying they helped increase awareness of an investment program for disabled Ohioans. Critics questioned the airing of self-promotional ads at a time when Mandel was running for U.S. Senate and said that Mandel's office was trying to avoid scrutiny by structuring the ad buys to avoid Controlling Board approval.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In response to the controversy, the Ohio House introduced an amendment to the state's 2017 budget. The amendment would require approval by the Controlling Board for ad buys that in aggregate exceed $50,000. This rule would have prevented Mandel from avoiding oversight by distributing the advertising campaign among individual ad buys. Mandel did not attend an Ohio Senate hearing on the matter. He sent a deputy instead.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In November 2018, Mandel made Ohio the first U.S. state to allow taxpayers to pay taxes with cryptocurrency. Mandel's initiative, OhioCrypto.com, allowed Ohio taxpayers to pay tax bills in Bitcoin; he described the initiative as a way to project Ohio as a state that is embracing blockchain technology.  Mandel described himself as a cryptocurrency enthusiast and said that he hoped the launch of OhioCrypto.com would bring more legitimacy to cryptocurrency. Ohio Attorney General Yost subsequently found, "The Treasurer's use of a payment processor to convert cryptocurrency into dollars for the payment of taxes is not authorized, expressly or impliedly, by statutes allowing the receipt of electronic payments." Mandel's successor suspended the program, noting that it had processed fewer than ten transactions.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel was the Republican nominee to challenge Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate from Ohio. Mandel officially announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate on March 1, 2012. He won the March 6, 2012 Republican primary with 63% of the vote in a five-candidate race.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel earned the endorsement of several prominent conservative politicians, including: New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, and Sen. John McCain. Mandel also received the endorsements of U.S. Sen. Rob Portman and U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel's campaign was singled out by the independent fact-checking group Politifact for its "casual relationship with the truth" and its tendency to "double down" after inaccuracies were pointed out. Politifact wrote: "For all the gifts Mandel has, from his compelling personal narrative as an Iraq war veteran to a well-oiled fundraising machine, whoppers are fast becoming a calling card of his candidacy."


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel had raised $7.2 million through the first quarter of 2012; his $5.3 million cash on hand trailed Brown's $6.3 million. Mandel benefited from support from conservative out-of-state superPACs. As of July 2012, these outside groups--including Crossroads GPS--aired $10 million in TV advertising supporting Mandel and attacking Brown, outspending Democratic Party-aligned outside groups by a margin of more than five-to-one. Mandel's campaign was aided by over $1 million spent primarily on attack ads by a 501(c)(4) organization called the "Government Integrity Fund".


title: Josh Mandel

text: A few days before the election, several of Mandel's relatives published an open letter in the "Cleveland Jewish News" criticizing Mandel for his anti-gay views, stating that his own cousin, a graduate of the US Air Force Academy, was married to another woman, and that Mandel believed LGBT people "should be forced to live a life of secrecy and lies".


title: Josh Mandel

text: In August 2013, the Ohio Democratic Party and EMILY's List accused Mandel of violating federal and state campaign laws by using a vehicle owned by his U.S. Senate campaign for personal purposes. The vehicle was involved in a traffic accident on March 5, 2013, nearly four months after Mandel's Senate campaign had ended; he was a passenger in the vehicle when the accident occurred. Mandel contended that he had done nothing improper.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In late 2016, a Super PAC called Ohio Freedom Fund was created to support Mandel's Senate bid. As of April 2017, the Ohio Freedom Fund's primary contributor is Citizens for a Working America, a nonprofit organization not subject to campaign finance disclosures. At the time that the Ohio Freedom Fund Super PAC was created, Mandel, in his capacity as state treasurer, was appearing in a series of advertisements promoting a new investment program for families with special needs children. Mandel's office said the ads were taped and aired before Mandel was a candidate for U.S. Senate.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In July 2017, Mandel stated his support for alt-right activists and conspiracy theorists Mike Cernovich and Jack Posobiec after they were criticized in an Anti-Defamation League (ADL) report. Mandel accused the ADL of being a "partisan witchhunt group" and tweeted "I stand with @Cernovich & @JackPosobiec."


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel dropped out of the race on January 5, 2018, citing the need to spend more time with his family relating to his wife's health issues. The nomination was won by Congressman Jim Renacci, who went on to lose the general election to Brown.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Senator Rob Portman announced in late January 2021 that he would not be seeking re-election to the Senate, citing gridlock and partisanship. Mandel mulled running in the election, and later confirmed that he would run. Declaring his candidacy, Mandel touted his support for President Donald Trump, although he had initially endorsed Marco Rubio for the party's nomination in the 2016 presidential election and voted for him in that year's Ohio Republican primary.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In March 2021, Mandel was suspended from Twitter for 12 hours for creating a poll about which type of "illegals" would commit more crimes, "Muslim Terrorists" or "Mexican Gangbangers". Mandel called the suspension censorship.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In May 2021, multiple fundraisers left the Mandel campaign, citing a "toxic work atmosphere" including being berated publicly by the campaign's financial director.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In October 2021, posting on a far-right conservative website, Mandel claimed that Jewish financier George Soros and the "deep state" were responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, Antifa, and the January 6, 2021 assault on Capitol Hill.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In the May 2022 primary, Mandel was defeated by Trump-endorsed candidate J. D. Vance. Mandel came in second during the primary, receiving 23.9 percent of the votes.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel has been characterized as a Trump loyalist. He has backed Trump's widely disproven claims of voting fraud in 2020 presidential election, and supported Trump's attempts to overturn opponent Joe Biden's electoral victory. Mandel has called Trump's second impeachment a "sham" and pledged to fight for the former president's "America First" agenda. Mandel claims that "studies that evidence widespread fraud" in relation to the 2020 presidential election will emerge eventually.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel has called for the repeal of the Affordable Care Act. In a campaign advertisement during his 2012 Senatorial run, Mandel claimed opponent Sherrod Brown "cast the deciding vote on the government takeover of health care". Politifact has labeled as false the claim that Brown cast the deciding vote for the act. The description of the act as a government takeover of health care, by Mandel, has been labeled by Politifact as "nonsensical" and a "myth".


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He has referred to climate change research as "riddled with fraud". He has vowed to fight attempts to advance clean-air standards.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel has called for what he terms as "aggressive and responsible" energy exploration that protects "the air we breathe and water we drink" while reducing environmental regulation. He supports the approval of the Keystone XL pipeline. Mandel is a supporter of expanded coal plants and has criticized what he has termed as "radical" environmental groups.


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel opposes same-sex marriage, saying in 2012 that he will "protect the sanctity of marriage" and "this is a fight that I will never, ever back down." He is against openly gay people serving in the military, and voted against workplace and housing discrimination protections for gay and transgender people in 2009.


title: Josh Mandel

text: In 2012, Mandel said that he disagreed with plans to set a "date certain" for withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, also stating that "at some point in time, we have to take the training wheels off and we have to allow those countries to stand on their own two feet."


title: Josh Mandel

text: In early September 2021, when the U.S. evacuated Afghan allies from Afghanistan, Mandel said that refugees were being brought to "the heart of America ... To protect our kids, our communities and our Judeo-Christian way of life, we must FIGHT this with all our might."


title: Josh Mandel

text: In November 2021, Mandel, despite being Jewish, tweeted support for controversial statements by Michael Flynn calling for the establishment of "one religion" in the United States, which would be against the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. He followed up with more tweets saying "Freedom of religion ≠ freedom FROM religion" and "America was not founded as a secular nation".


title: Josh Mandel

text: Mandel was married to social worker Ilana Shafran in August 2008 in Jerusalem. In April 2020, Mandel and Shafran filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized in June 2020 and all records were sealed until 2021 when details regarding finances, custody of their three children, and child support were released. Mandel has been dating Rachel Wilson, a staffer for his campaign, since August 2020.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: The film was made by Hideo Nakata while trying to fund production for his documentary film about director Joseph Losey. It was not a success in Japan, but prompted an English-language remake in 2009 which was directed by Fruit Chan. The film also influenced the creative choices Nakata would have for his popular film "Ring" in 1998.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: First-time director Toshio Murai is trying to finish principal photography for a drama. When screening the result of the day’s shoot, Murai and the crew find that their negatives are intermingled with undeveloped footage from an old film. In the footage, a pale, long-haired woman in white is seen standing in the background of a scene, then laughing hysterically, out of focus.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: Murai begins seeing the ghost on location, while his seasoned lead actress Hitomi Kurokawa, on whom he has a crush, senses a presence that repeats her lines during a reading. Murai learns that crewmembers have reported a ghostly sighting in their studio during a previous shoot and witnesses Kurokawa’s agent fleeing in fear after handing her a protective charm. One day, during a take, Murai sees the ghost lurking behind teenage actor Saori Mochizuki when she is playing around on the rigs above the set. She suddenly falls to her death, temporarily shutting down production.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: Murai learns that the old film to which the undeveloped footage belonged was not released because the actress in the scene had fallen to her death during production, too. However, he remembers being terrified of the film when he saw it on TV as a child and notices that it was shot in the same studio he and his crew are using now.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: When shooting resumes, Kurokawa sees an apparition of Mochizuki and the actress replacing Mochizuki gets possessed. She falls into a hysterical frenzy. Afterward, more crewmembers report ghostly apparitions suggesting that the project is cursed and urge Murai to shut it down. However, he insists that they finish. After seeing the ghost stalking Kurokawa’s character in the footage of the day, Murai fears for her life and rushes back to the studio. There, he is tormented by the ghost, who ends up dragging him away while laughing hysterically.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: Following Murai’s disappearance, the crew struggle to finish the film. When visiting Murai’s apartment with a crewmember to look for clues, Kurokawa realises in horror as she notices the ghost through a mirror.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: Prior to working on "Don't Look Up", Hideo Nakata joined the Japanese film company Nikkatsu in the 1980s. In the 1970s, Nikkatsu was predominantly producing pornography films in the Roman Porno (Romantic Pornography) genre. By the time Nakata joined Nikkatsu in the 1980s, the company had been struggling as the availability of home video made theatrical pornography wane in popularity. In 1991, Nakata left Nikkatsu and Japan to study the British Free Cinema movement in London's National Film Archive. When Nikkatsu collapsed in 1993, Nakata did not have a job to return to and decided to develop an independent film on director Joseph Losey. To help gain money for the documentary took various film jobs for hire, including returning to directing in Japan where he began developing the film "Don't Look Up" for J-Movie Wars, a subsidiary of a major Japanese satellite television company.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: "Don't Look Up" ran for six weeks in a limited release in Japan. Hideo Nakata stated that only about 800 people attended these screenings. It was released on video in Japan on March 6, 1996.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: In 2003, the South African-based company Distant Horizon purchased the rights to "Don't Look Up", initially with Hideo Nakata to direct the film again. In 2007, "Variety" announced that Fruit Chan would direct this English-language remake of "Don't Look Up". The remake was shown at the 2009 Lund Fantastisk Film Festival in Sweden and was later released on DVD in the United States in 2010.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: Hideo Nakata's film "Ghost Theater" was promoted as a remake of "Don't Look Up". Maggie Lee ("Variety") noted in her review of the film that "the only thing the two films have in common is a malevolent female entity that hates rising actresses."


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: For his work on the film, Hideo Nakata won the Best New Director award at the 1997 Michinoku International Mystery Film Festival. Nakata later felt that he showed too much of the phantoms's face in the film. Josh Ralske (AllMovie) praised Nakata's confidence in the film, stating that he "clearly understands his milieu (it takes place on a film set) and is assured enough to let the tension build very slowly", while noting that there "are times, in fact, when the movie seems to be going nowhere" and that this lead Ralske to feel that the screenplay felt unfinished, concluding that the film "promises a more chilling film than Nakata has delivered.


title: Don't Look Up (1996 film)

text: Nakata continued that "I've had people tell me 'Don't Look Up wasn't exactly frightening, it was...' For me, of all the possible adjectives that could finish that phrase, the word I most long to hear is 'frightening' That's the description I want to elicit." These reactions influenced Nakata's later film "Ring" (1998), where he decided to cover up the ghost's face completely.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: "Devil May Cry 4" is the first entry in the series to be released simultaneously for multiple consoles. During its development, Capcom focused on each version achieving the same visual quality using the MT Framework game engine. Around eighty people formed the team that created the game. Nero was introduced to attract the new gamers. Dante's popularity with gamers proved challenging because the developers needed to use him as a supporting character in the story.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: Critical reception to "Devil May Cry 4" was positive. It was praised for its challenging difficulty, its visuals and Nero's characterization as a new protagonist. However, it was criticized for its backtracking in Dante's stages and a troublesome camera. The game sold over three million units worldwide, becoming the series' best-selling title. Bingo Morihashi adapted it into a two-volume light novel.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: It was released on iOS as "Devil May Cry 4: Refrain" in February 2011. A remastered version of the game was released in June 2015 as "" which adds both English and Japanese voice tracks, improved visual effects and textures, in-game re-balancing, additional costumes, and three bonus playable characters: Vergil, Lady and Trish. The game was playable through PlayStation Now. A sequel, "Devil May Cry 5", was released on March 8, 2019.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: Gameplay in "Devil May Cry 4" is like previous games in the series. The player must fight through levels called "missions", occasionally solving puzzles or gathering items. Performance in a mission is graded from "D", the lowest grade, to "A" then "S", "SS", and "SSS", the highest grade. Grades are based on items used, Red Orbs gathered, time taken, and the number of Style Points accumulated. Each Style Point grade has its own tag-word. The stylish grade shows up on the side of the screen and begins at "Deadly" (D); progresses through "Carnage" (C), "Brutal" (B), and "Atomic" (A); then, advances through one last bar of grades containing the phrases "Smokin'" (S), "Smokin' Style" (SS), and lastly "Smokin' Sick Style" (SSS). Stylish combat is the focus of the game, conveyed through unbroken combos of varied attacks while avoiding damage. The player must avoid enemy attacks to continue performing combos, often by memorizing attack patterns. The Devil Trigger is a super state that enables the player to become more powerful adding a slow but steady health regeneration, with increased damage done. Devil Trigger can be activated by pressing the button to trigger it when the gauge is filled.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: Some changes introduced in "Devil May Cry 4" are the presence of two playable characters, Dante and Nero, and a slight modification to the shop system. A new currency, Proud Souls, is used to buy new abilities while Red Orbs are used to buy items. Proud Souls are rewarded at the end of missions; the amount varies depending on how well the player performed. The cost of abilities increases with the purchase of other abilities, though all abilities can be sold back for their original price.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: The player plays as Nero throughout most of the game. He is equipped with the Red Queen sword, Blue Rose revolver, and the powers of his Devil Bringer. The Red Queen features an Exceed Gauge that can be charged up to the 3 stages, allowing for subsequent attacks that are more powerful than regular slashes, until the gauge empties. Nero also has the powers of his Devil Bringer and can use it to pull himself towards enemies or vice versa. The Devil Bringer may also be used for context-sensitive throw attacks, leading to high damage and various effects depending on the enemy. Nero's Devil Bringer also gains new abilities during the game, including being able to detect secret missions or caches of Red Orbs. Nero eventually gains the ability to use Devil Trigger after getting the "katana" known as Yamato. This increases his Devil Bringer's power changing its attacks into more powerful versions with different animations.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: The player plays as Dante through seven missions, taking over halfway through the game. His gameplay is like that in "Devil May Cry 3". He has access to multiple melee and ranged weapons which he gains after boss battles. He is able to cycle through them freely in combat and is no longer limited to equipping two weapons of each type as he was in the previous game. Dante also begins with his four styles, each of which grants him different abilities. But, unlike in "Devil May Cry 3", he may now switch them at will with buttons or pads on the controller. He also gains the Dark Slayer style near the end of his appearance, which only has one style level. Styles do not level up through experience as in the previous game, but instead must be upgraded like other skills in the shop screen in between missions or at statues. Dante can also enter Devil Trigger where he gains most of the benefits that Nero's Devil Trigger has. Since he does not have the Devil Bringer, he gets animation and property changes on some of his normal attacks instead.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: Nero is a young demon hunter who lives on the isolated island of Fortuna and is also a member of the Order of the Sword: a religious sect of knights who worship the Legendary Dark Knight Sparda as a God. Dante arrives, and murders The Order's leader, the High Priest Sanctus, in front of the entire congregation. At the same time, an army of demons invade the city, putting everyone, including Nero's love interest Kyrie, in danger. Tasked with stopping Dante by Kyrie's brother Credo, the Captain of the Holy Knights, Nero's journey leads him to discover that he is in fact a descendant of Sparda himself, and Dante is not his enemy. Under orders from Sanctus, Agnus, has been siphoning the power of the long lost Devil Arm Yamato, the sword of Dante's brother Vergil, to create a demonic army, and imbue high-ranking members of the Order with demonic power. To Agnus' shock, the shattered Yamato restores itself in Nero's presence, and flies to Nero's aid. With The Order's plans revealed, Agnus flees to inform the newly resurrected Sanctus.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: As Nero sets his sights on The Order, he discovers to his dismay that Credo is part of the conspiracy, until he ends up being deceived as well when they witness Kyrie being kidnapped by Sanctus. He intends to use a creature known as Savior to defeat the demon army he's created, as a means of strengthening the people's worship of Sparda. With the Sparda Sword already in his possession, and needing the blood of a descendant of Sparda along with the Yamato, Sanctus captures Nero to power The Savior's core. Dante arrives, with Trish, who was revealed to be a spy within The Order, and makes a promise to the dying Credo to save Nero and Kyrie. Splitting up, Trish evacuates Fortuna's human residents, while Dante destroys all the Hell Gates scattered over Fortuna, and defeats Agnus, reclaiming the Yamato sword for the last time. Confronting the Savior in a sky battle above Fortuna, Dante drives the Yamato through The Savior's chest, where Nero recovers it inside, freeing himself and Kyrie, and defeating Sanctus.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: Nero is able to make peace with the power it has given him to protect those he cares about. Before Dante leaves, he decides to entrust Nero with the Yamato, and Kyrie and Nero share their first kiss in the ruins of Fortuna. Back at Dante's office, Lady arrives. As previously revealed in the game, it was Lady who sent Dante and Trish to Fortuna in the first place as The Order had begun butting in on some of her jobs, which was why Trish immediately went undercover to expose The Order's true colors. As Trish and Lady bicker over the small reward, Dante gets a phone call from a customer and the trio moves out of the office for a new mission.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: Development of "Devil May Cry 4" began shortly after its predecessor was a success. A total of eighty people formed the development team. The first teaser was that of Dante on a snowy peak shown at E3 2005, while the Tokyo Game Show 2005 trailer showed Dante doing multiple moves in front of a camera, both containing elements that were not included in the finished product. Capcom only made the E3 2005 video to confirm their staff had begun work on the game. Since they had just finished "Devil May Cry 3" and "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition", the developers initially were confused in regards to what they had to do in order to innovate the gameplay mechanics they developed previously. The team wanted to introduce new gameplay elements and a new character allowed them to do this. This was the first "Devil May Cry" not to be released for PlayStation 2, because it was designed for the next generation of hardware. This allowed the team to try new play mechanics and expand the series' plot. While not intending to send a religious message, members from the Capcom team did research in Vatican City and Istanbul.


title: Devil May Cry 4

text: On September 6, 2006, Japanese video game magazine "Famitsu" reported that the previous games' main character, Dante, would not be the protagonist in "Devil May Cry 4". Instead, a new character named Nero, voiced and motion captured by Johnny Yong Bosch, took the lead. The use of a new protagonist was discussed many times at Capcom but was not approved until producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi said that the Dante character had to be in the game. Fearing negative feedback, as happened when Konami's stealth game "" introduced a new character, replacing protagonist Solid Snake with newcomer Raiden, producer Kobayashi said Capcom aimed to make Nero fun to play like Dante and intended to make him stronger at some point.