title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS) offers a variety of programs (27 majors and 19 minors) leading to the Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Arts (Honours), Bachelor of Arts (Combined Honours), Bachelor of Cognitive Science (B.Cog.Sci.), Bachelor of Global and International Studies (B.GINS) degrees, and Bachelor of Humanities (B.Hum.) degrees. The faculty oversees a variety of disciplines in the humanities and social science fields, including African studies, anthropology, English, French, geography, history, music, psychology, and sociology.


title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty also houses the "College of the Humanities", one of Canada's few Great Books programs, which leads to a B.Hum (Bachelor of Humanities) degree, and Carleton's Institute of Cognitive Science, which offers the only fully structured PhD program in Cognitive Science in the country, as well as undergraduate and masters programs. There is also a collaborative M.A. in Digital humanities, one of the first in Canada. The Public History Program is known nationally for its innovative teaching and research, having recently won national prizes. FASS offers, in total, 14 master's and nine doctoral programs.


title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty of Engineering and Design is among the oldest within the university, with the first engineering courses offered in 1945, and four-year engineering degrees being offered by the school beginning in 1956. The Faculty of Engineering and Design has since developed a broad range of coursework in the fields of engineering, architecture, industrial design, and information technology housing 20 distinct undergraduate programs under the Bachelor of Engineering (BEng), Bachelor of Architectural Studies (BAS), Bachelor of Industrial Design (BID), Bachelor of Information Technology (BIT), and Bachelor of Media Production and Design (BMPD), along with 37 graduate programs at the master's and PhD level. As of the fall 2019 semester, more than 5,800 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students are enrolled in the Faculty.


title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty offers a renowned Bachelor in Industrial Design, representing one of the oldest degrees of its kind in Canada, immersing students in an interdisciplinary approach toward industrial design, combining the disciplines of psychology, physics, economics, and marketing. The Faculty also houses one of Canada's first undergraduate programs focusing on aerospace engineering, and is considered to be one of the flagship offerings of the Faculty and the university at large. The program itself divides students into four streams, enabling students to specialize in a particular field within the broader spectrum of aerospace engineering. This includes Stream A: aerodynamics, propulsion, and vehicle performance, Stream B: aerospace structures, systems and vehicle design, Stream C: aerospace electronics and systems, and Stream D: space systems design.


title: Carleton University

text: The Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism embodies another highly reputable institution within the Faculty of Engineering Design, housing undergraduate and graduate programs in its field. Students in the Bachelor of Architectural Studies can specialize one of three areas: Design, Urbanism, and Conversation and Sustainability. The program is also unique within its discipline as it offers a Directed Study Abroad (DSA) option annually, enabling a select group of students to venture to a particular location to explore its architectural history in greater depth. Recent visit locations include Istanbul and Northern Europe


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton's Bachelor of Information Technology programs are offered jointly with Algonquin College, while the university's Bachelor of Media Production and Design is offered jointly between the School of Information Technology and the Faculty of Public Affairs’ School of Journalism and Communication.


title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty of Public Affairs (FPA) houses the university's academic disciplines that deal directly with government, civil society, and the relationship between them, comprising twelve academic units, offering 12 undergraduate programs and 21 graduate programs in criminology, economics, European studies, legal studies, journalism, political science, and public policy.


title: Carleton University

text: Many of Carleton's flagship offerings are housed in the Faculty of Public Affairs (FPA). This includes the School of Journalism and Communication, which offers the university's Bachelor of Journalism and Master of Journalism programs and has educated many leading personalities in the field, and the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs (NPSIA), which houses Canada's oldest foreign affairs graduate program. NPSIA, founded in 1965, is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA). The School of Public Policy and Administration is the oldest such academic division in Canada and one of the most respected, with the university's first graduate degree in the discipline being granted in 1946. Carleton's Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs offers two unique honours degrees: the Bachelor of Public Affairs and Policy Management (BPAPM) and the multidisciplinary Bachelor of Global and International Studies (BGInS). The college is also home to the Clayton H. Riddell Graduate Program in Political Management.


title: Carleton University

text: In September 2006, Carleton was designated a European Union Centre of Excellence by the European Commission in Brussels and was the first university to offer a BA (Honours) in European and Russian Studies and MA in European, Russian and Eurasian Studies. Its Department of Law & Legal Studies offers a BA (Honours) in Law and M.A and Ph.D. programs in Legal Studies, and is Canada's oldest legal department to take an epistemic, rather than professional approach to studying the influence of law within civil society. The faculty also features the Institute of Political Economy, the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice and African Studies, and is home to the School of Social Work and Department of Economics.


title: Carleton University

text: In 2019, Carleton ranked 101–150 in the world for politics and international studies, placing it within the top one percent of global universities in this field.


title: Carleton University

text: The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs is a professional school of international affairs at Carleton University. Founded in 1965, the school has distinguished itself as Canada's leading school in the field of international affairs, producing graduates that have progressed onward into key leadership positions within the federal government, think tanks, and academia. Established during a 'golden age' of Canadian diplomacy, the school adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the study of global issues, divided into seven clusters organized according to different areas of study under the umbrella of international affairs. NPSIA is the only full Canadian member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs, a group of the world's top schools in international affairs.


title: Carleton University

text: NPSIA is well-regarded among the scholarly community in international affairs, with admission to the school is highly selective. In 2007, a poll of Canadian academics, intended to determine the best professional masters programs in international affairs, ranked NPSIA at No. 2, tied with Georgetown University, and ahead of programs at universities like Harvard and Columbia.


title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty of Science offers 86 undergraduate and 39 graduate programs across various fields including biology, chemistry, physics, health sciences, mathematics, computer science, neuroscience, and earth sciences, with over 6,500 students enrolled, served by 177 faculty members. Initial coursework on biology, chemistry, geology, and mathematics was first introduced in 1942 as night classes. In 1947, the school introduced its first undergraduate degrees in science, graduating its first cohort of honours degrees by 1950.


title: Carleton University

text: The Faculty of Science is divided into eleven departments, each with distinct teaching and research focuses. Departments are housed in several buildings across campus, including Herzberg Laboratories, Steacie Building, Tory Building, the Nesbitt Biology Building, and the Health Sciences Building. Each of these buildings house laboratories and other facilities for faculty and students alike to conduct research. The Nesbitt Biology Building contains several climate-controlled greenhouses that are host to an annual Butterfly Show in late September to early October, attracting visitors throughout the National Capital Region. The National Wildlife Research Centre, a research facility of Environment and Climate Change Canada is also located on campus, and is home to the National Wildlife Specimen Bank, a repository of over 12,000 specimens of wildlife native to Canada. The centre conducts important research on the effects of toxic substances on wildlife, international migratory bird patterns, and the effects of human activities on wildlife.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton first began offering a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) degree beginning in 1949, and functioned as a department-level academic unit under the Faculty of Arts & Sciences, the Faculty of Social Sciences, and lastly the Faculty of Public Affairs and Management before its establishment as a separate faculty in 2006. The School currently offers two undergraduate programs, the Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of International Business, in addition to five graduate-level programs and several certificate programs for professionals. As of the 2018–2019 academic year, Sprott programs are attended by 2,668 undergraduate students, served by a full-time faculty of 61.


title: Carleton University

text: Sprott is accredited internationally by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and by the Network of International Business Schools. The school has been at the forefront of educating business students through a global lens, having been the first in Canada to offer a Bachelor of International Business (BIB). Its principal undergraduate offering, however, is the four-year Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degree, and at the postgraduate level, MBA and PhD programs are offered. The Sprott School has won the Overall Institution Performance Award, for its research contribution, at the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada (ASAC), in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2012 among business schools at Canadian comprehensive universities.


title: Carleton University

text: For the 2018–2019 academic year, Carleton admitted 5,988 first-year undergraduate students, with a median admission average of 83.9% for students applying from Canadian high schools. Undergraduate admission averages and requirements vary by academic program, with some specialized and limited enrolment offerings (e.g., B.Sc., Bachelor of Journalism, B.Hum., B.P.A.P.M. and Aerospace Engineering) requiring admissions averages markedly higher (i.e., in the A/A+ range) compared to their counterparts in other faculties (generally in the B+/A- range).


title: Carleton University

text: During the 2020–21 academic year, Carleton awarded 14,709 scholarships and bursaries totaling $28.6 million awarded to undergraduate students.


title: Carleton University

text: Students admitted from high school with an academic average above 80% qualify for an entrance scholarship starting at $4,000 over four years, with $1,000 disbursed annually. The amount students receive increases incrementally with their admission average, with students entering with an average above 95% receiving $16,000 over four years. Nevertheless, students must maintain a minimum 10.0 CGPA (A-) year-to-year in order to retain their scholarship


title: Carleton University

text: Beyond automatic entrance scholarships, the university also awards 25 Prestige Scholarships, which represent the highest institutional scholarships awarded by the university. Incoming students must submit a supplementary application, in addition to an admission average above 90% in order to qualify and demonstration of extracurricular involvement during their secondary school years to qualify. Prestige Scholarships vary in value from $20,000 to full tuition, and generally do not have additional qualification criteria beyond the supplementary application, with the exception of the Carleton Shad Valley Scholarship of Excellence, which requires recipients to have been alumni of the Shad Valley program.


title: Carleton University

text: Additional scholarships, such as the Arthur Kroeger National Scholars Program, are awarded to students entering a specific program based on their academic merit upon entering their undergraduate programs.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton has been included in several Canadian and international college and university rankings. The 2022 international "Academic Ranking of World Universities" ranked the university in the 501–600 range. In the 2023 international QS World University Rankings, Carleton ranked in the 601–650 range, and 21st in Canada. According to the international 2023 listings for the "Times Higher Education World University Rankings", Carleton ranks in the 601–800 range. In the 2022–23 "U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking", the university was ranked 526th in the world, and 20th in Canada.


title: Carleton University

text: In terms of specific program rankings, Carleton has fared quite well in many of its flagship programs. In a 2009 worldwide survey of academics, which sought to determine the best professional Master's programs in "International Affairs", Carleton's Norman Paterson School of International Affairs (NPSIA) was the only Canadian school to rank, and ranked 14th in the world. This was followed by a more recent domestic survey of "International Relations" academics, which, in 2015, recommended Carleton as the best choice for students seeking a career in policy.


title: Carleton University

text: "Maclean's" is a Canadian magazine that publishes an annual ranking of Canadian universities, which is intended to measure a university's overall "undergraduate experience." In its 2023 edition, Carleton ranked fifth in the comprehensive category, tied with York University.


title: Carleton University

text: In 2015, "Maclean's" began publishing program rankings for biology, business, computer science, education, engineering, mathematics, medicine, nursing, and psychology. As of 2019, Carleton is ranked 7th in Canada for engineering, 10th in computer science, 10th in mathematics and 14th in psychology. Notably, Carleton does not have ratings in nursing, medicine, or education programs, specifically; however, it does have a "Health Sciences" faculty, which includes a biomedicine program and a disability and chronic illness program, and does have, in its "Arts" faculty, a Childhood and Youth Studies program originally rooted in Early Childhood Education (ECE).


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton's campus is situated on bounded to the west by Colonel By Drive and the Rideau Canal, to the east by Bronson Avenue, and the south by the Rideau River. The campus is situated adjacent to the Dominion Arboretum and the Central Experimental Farm.


title: Carleton University

text: During its initial construction in 1959, the campus consisted of three buildings, the MacOdrum Library, the Tory Building, and Paterson Hall, forming a quadrangle situated at the heart of the university's academic buildings. Since then, the university has expanded to forty-eight buildings, the newest addition being the Nicol Building, which was inaugurated in 2021.


title: Carleton University

text: The campus is accessible to road traffic through two entrances respectively located at Bronson Avenue and Colonel By Drive. Carleton's campus contains a series of surface roads to facilitate traffic in and out of the university, the most heavily used of them being Campus Avenue, which was converted to a single-direction road in 2019 to ease congestion.


title: Carleton University

text: Several OC Transpo bus lines, including the 7, 10, and 111, serve the campus directly, in addition to the O-Train's Carleton station, located at the centre of campus.


title: Carleton University

text: The campus is bisected by the O-Train Trillium Line, with several pedestrian and vehicular bridges and tunnels facilitating access between either side. The majority of the university's academic and residential buildings are situated on the western side of campus, while the eastern side contains the university's athletics facilities and administrative offices.


title: Carleton University

text: The prevalence of modernist and brutalist architecture in the design of the earliest academic buildings on the Carleton campus represented a stylistic departure from traditional collegiate architecture in North America, which historically emulated the Gothic style dominant in many European universities. The decision to incorporate modernism into the campus' design was intentional, presenting Carleton as an egalitarian, progressive, and forward-thinking institution.


title: Carleton University

text: Architectural critics have looked to Carleton as a leading example of modernist collegiate architecture in Canada. The campus became the subject of Modern U, an exhibition by local artist Adrian Gröllner that sought to highlight the late modernist architecture embodied by many of Carleton's early buildings.


title: Carleton University

text: Buildings on campus, with a few exceptions, are connected by a five kilometre-long system of underground pedestrian tunnels. The Carleton University tunnel system is the most extensive network of tunnels at a Canadian university or college campus. The tunnels were initially built as part of the second phase of initial construction on campus in the 1960s. Originally conceived as a maintenance crawl space connecting heating and ventilation between campus buildings, a suggestion by a staff member transformed them into accessible pedestrian tunnels for students and faculty to use when travelling between different buildings on campus. The tunnels receive heightened usage during the winter months due to the severity of winters in Ottawa. Maintenance staff use modified golf carts in the tunnels to transport personnel, supplies, and mail to different locations on campus.


title: Carleton University

text: In 2019, Carleton introduced a new wayfinding system to assist students, faculty, and visitors in navigating the tunnel networking, using a metro-style map to display the network.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton has eleven student residence buildings clustered together in the northwest section of campus, and are connected to the university's tunnel system. The first residence buildings constructed on campus were the Renfrew and Lanark Houses, which began accommodating students in 1962.


title: Carleton University

text: In 1969, the university introduced the first co-educational dormitories in North America. Since then, the university has gradually expanded the number of dormitories as enrolment has risen. On-campus housing at Carleton is configured in traditional and suite-style residences, with the latter offering students a kitchenette shared between four students. Unlike most collegiate dormitories, bathroom facilities are usually shared between two rooms, in contrast to the typical communal bathrooms. Residence floors are staffed by dedicated Residence Fellows, upper-year students hired by the university's Department of Housing and Residence Life Services to provide personal and academic support to students.


title: Carleton University

text: Although the majority of students housed on-campus are first-year students, Frontenac House is reserved for returning second-year students, while Leeds House is reserved for upper-year and graduate students. Residence Commons serves as a hub for students living in residences, as it houses "The Caf", the university's main dining hall, the Residence Reception Desk, a Starbucks location, and Abstentions, a convenience store operated by the Rideau River Residence Association (RRRA), which functions as the student government for residence students.


title: Carleton University

text: During the summer months, some residence halls are turned over to Conference Services for use as hotels for visiting school and tourist groups to Ottawa. The Canadian Armed Forces uses some facilities, notably Glengarry House and Residence Commons, to house and feed the Ceremonial Guard, which conducts the renowned Changing of the Guard ceremony on Parliament Hill and posts sentries at Rideau Hall. It is possible to see practice marches and drills occurring on campus during this season.


title: Carleton University

text: One of the three original buildings on the Carleton campus, the MacOdrum Library has served as Carleton's central library and archives. The library is named for former Carleton President and Vice-Chancellor Murdoch Maxwell MacOdrum. As of 2017, the Library maintains a collection of approximately 1.8 million print items, 161,396 cartographic materials, and 876,396 e-books.


title: Carleton University

text: Since 1959, the library has undergone expansion and renovations on several occasions, the most recent of which was completed in late 2013. The facility contains computer labs, study carrels, and meeting rooms for students to complete assignments and conduct academic research. During midterm and final examination periods, the Library extends its operating hours to twenty-four hours to accommodate students preparing for their examinations or completing assignments. On an annual basis, the library receives upwards of 1.6 million visits from students, faculty, and researchers.


title: Carleton University

text: In 2013, the Library inaugurated the Discovery Centre for Undergraduate Research, a multi-purpose space containing meeting tables, multimedia collaborative spaces, video game laboratories, as well as 3D printers.


title: Carleton University

text: The Library occasionally hosts special artistic and historical exhibitions on the first floor, covering a broad spectrum of topics and academic disciplines.


title: Carleton University

text: The MacOdrum Library maintains extensive archives and research collections of documents, artifacts, and other materials related to specific academic disciplines, as well as the personal effects of various persons of historical significance. Notable collections include the W. McAllister Johnson Collection, containing artwork and other documents pertaining to French art history in the 17th and 18th centuries, The Uganda Collection, which houses newspaper clippings, documents, and artifacts related to the expulsion of Uganda's South Asian minority under the rule of Idi Amin, as well as Carleton University heritage material, storing yearbooks, student newspapers, photographs, and ephemera significant to the history of the university itself.


title: Carleton University

text: Since 1992, the Carleton University Art Gallery (CUAG), located in a facility in the St. Patrick's Building at the north end of campus, has served as a community hub for the visual arts at Carleton. CUAG contains three distinctive galleries on two floors, offices, collection storage vaults, and exhibition preparation room.


title: Carleton University

text: Admission to the gallery is free, and is open from Tuesday to Sunday weekly, with the exception of statutory holidays. In addition to its main exhibitions, the CUAG has a Curatorial Laboratory dedicated to installations curated by members of the Carleton community.


title: Carleton University

text: Past notable exhibitions include "The Other NFB", which featured photography taken by the now-defunct Still Photography Division of the National Film Board of Canada during World War II and through the post-war years, "Here Be Dragons", which sought to display new experimental forms of protest art, and "Dorset Seen", showcasing Inuit printmaking and its relation to the Inuit experience with the Canadian identity.


title: Carleton University

text: CUAG also oversees the university's art collection, which focuses on twentieth-century Canadian art after 1950, European prints and drawings from the 16th to 19th centuries, as well as Inuit and First Nations art.


title: Carleton University

text: In 2018, Carleton purchased Dominion-Chalmers United Church, securing a future rehearsal and performance space for its Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Renamed, the Carleton Dominion-Chalmers Centre (CDCC), it is now Carleton's Carleton's arts, performance and learning centre. The CDCC is the Carleton's first downtown Ottawa building and is managed by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. The centre is about 37,000 square feet with a seating capacity of approximately 1,000. It continues to host religious services for the church's congregation as well as serve a variety of user groups from the community at large in addition to providing programing and experiential learning opportunities in arts and performance.


title: Carleton University

text: All undergraduate students are members of the Carleton University Students' Association (CUSA), Canadian Federation of Students Local 1. The organization was established in 1942 and has a long history of being a nucleus of political activity on campus. The organization advocates for the interests of undergraduate students to the university's administration, organizes and delivers the annual Orientation Week in conjunction with the university, certifies and financially supports student-run clubs and societies and provides a variety of services to students.


title: Carleton University

text: CUSA is led by a six-member executive body comprising the President and Vice Presidents of Finance, Internal, Student Issues, Student Services, and Student Life, who are elected annually by the undergraduate student body. Undergraduate students also elect twenty-eight Councillors allocated proportionately to each faculty, with 2 seats to Business, 4 to Engineering & Design, 4 to Arts and Social Sciences, 8 to Public Affairs, and 3 to Science, in addition to ex-officio representatives from RRRA and the GSA.


title: Carleton University

text: The organization administers a number of student centres designed to cater to the safety and well-being of various members of the student body; these are the Mawandoseg Centre, the Carleton Disability Awareness Centre, Food Centre, Foot Patrol, Gender and Sexuality Resource Centre, the Racialized and International Student Experience Centre and the Womxn's Learning, Advocacy, and Support Centre. CUSA also runs a number of businesses: Oliver's Pub and Patio, an undergraduate student pub located on the first floor of University Centre which in addition to serving traditional pub fare, hosts a range of student events throughout the year; Rooster's Coffeehouse, a café located in the University Centre that primarily serves coffee, baked goods, and light meals; Haven Books, a discount bookstore and coffeehouse located off-campus in the Old Ottawa South neighbourhood, and The Wing, a pop-up convenience store located in the University Centre Atrium, adjacent to Rooster's.


title: Carleton University

text: Undergraduate students living in the university's residence facilities are also members of the Rideau River Residence Association (RRRA). Founded in 1968 and incorporated in 1976, students elect a three-member executive consisting of a President and Vice Presidents for Programming and Administration respectively, in addition to floor representatives to the RRRA Council, which endeavours to represent the interests of Carleton's undergraduate residents. RRRA hosts a variety of events for students in residence, including an annual formal, and runs Abstentions, a convenience store located in Residence Commons.


title: Carleton University

text: All of the university's graduate students are members of the Carleton University Graduate Students' Association (GSA), Canadian Federation of Students Local 78. Graduate students elect an executive and council members to represent their respective interests within the organization, which in turn advocates on their behalf and provides a variety of services that cater to postgraduates, which include the operation of a Grad Lounge and Mike's Place, a student pub located in University Centre specializing in Anglo-Indian cuisine, namesake of late Prime Minister and former Chancellor Lester B. Pearson. The GSA is also responsible for the provision of access to a variety of office services for graduate students.


title: Carleton University

text: Greek letter organizations are an active part of student life at Carleton, affiliated with both local and international organizations. From an administrative perspective, Carleton does not formally recognize fraternities and sororities, and has prohibited them from tabling in the University Centre Atrium and Residence Commons while wearing their letters.


title: Carleton University

text: Since 2007, most Greek activities at Carleton are overseen by the Carleton University Greek Council (CUGC), a student-led organization which plans and coordinates social, philanthropic, and academic events throughout the school year between fraternities and sororities. Three international sororities, Phi Sigma Sigma, Alpha Omicron Phi, and Delta Phi Epsilon are governed separately by the Carleton Panhellenic Council, which fulfills a mandate parallel to that of the CUGC.


title: Carleton University

text: In early 2016, a Carleton sorority became the locus of controversy after an incident in which several chapter members decided to pop 80 balloons simultaneously during a meeting in the Tory Building, followed by celebratory screaming which falsely triggered an active shooter lockdown on campus. This led to some students advocating for an outright ban of the sorority responsible for the false alarm.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton's primary undergraduate student newspaper is "The Charlatan", which was founded in 1945 and known as "The Carleton" until 1971. Until 2019, the newspaper published print editions on a bi-weekly basis when budgetary restraints forced the paper to reduce its frequency to once monthly. The Charlatan's operations are overseen by a volunteer Board of Directors, composed of representatives from the newspaper's staff, students, faculty, and the community at large.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton is also served by "The Leveller", a monthly newspaper established in 2009, representing student voice throughout the National Capital Region. The publication is characterized by its radical left editorial stance toward social issues.


title: Carleton University

text: "The Resin" was a newspaper for students living in residence which was published in 2014, when the Rideau River Residence Association decided to discontinue it.


title: Carleton University

text: During the school year the School of Journalism publishes a community newspaper, "Centretown News", which reports on the Centretown neighbourhood of Ottawa, and an online newspaper, "Capital News Online."


title: Carleton University

text: The Department of English Language and Literature supports the student-run writers' zine, "In/Words," featuring creative writing and short stories from Carleton students. Engineering students are similarly are served by "The Iron Times", which is published by the Carleton Student Engineering Society.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton is home to a community radio station, CKCU-FM. Since its first broadcast in November 1975, CKCU-FM was the first licensed community-based campus radio station in Canada. CKCU-FM broadcasts a broad range of student and multicultural programming, featuring genres such as world music, avant-garde music, indie pop, and blues. In addition to an optional student-levy, CKCU-FM relies largely relies on donations from the local community and program sponsorships for financial support.


title: Carleton University

text: The Sock 'n' Buskin Theatre Company, which was founded in 1943, is Carleton's amateur theatre company, having distinguished itself as one of Carleton's most important cultural fixtures. The Company puts on diverse showcase of theatrical productions each year, with recent productions including "The Crucible," "As You Like It", "Twelfth Night.," and "Angels in America." Sock 'n' Buskin is entirely run and governed by student volunteers, who also comprise the actors and stage managers involved in each production.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton competes as the Carleton Ravens, participating in intercollegiate competitions at both the national and provincial levels. Carleton is a member of both U Sports and Ontario University Athletics, with some teams competing in the RSEQ, encompassing 13 varsity sports.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton is recognized for the strength of its men's basketball team, which has accumulated the highest number of national titles of any collegiate basketball team in Canadian history. Between 1999 and 2019, Dave Smart served as the head men's basketball coach at Carleton, and is credited for building the team's capacity to its current reputation of repeated success. Smart resigned from his position in 2019 to serve as Carleton's director of basketball operations.


title: Carleton University

text: The Ravens men's basketball team has won the national championship fifteen times, with five consecutive titles between 2002–03 and 2006–07 and seven consecutive titles between 2010-2011 and 2016–2017, surpassing the University of Victoria at the top of the all-time list. The Vikes had seven consecutive wins in the 1980s. With its 12th crown in 2016, the Ravens eclipsed the UCLA Bruins men's basketball team as the college with the most national basketball titles, a feat accomplished in 14 years, compared with UCLA's 11 titles in 32 seasons.


title: Carleton University

text: Outside of its typical season games, the men's basketball team plays exhibition games with NCAA teams from the United States during the summer months, billed as the Can-Am Shootout. During these games, Carleton has garnered significant wins over reputable Division I teams such as the University of Mississippi, University of Cincinnati, and South Dakota State University.


title: Carleton University

text: As part of its athletic rivalry with the University of Ottawa, the team has participated in Capital Hoops Classic since its inception in 2007, which typically takes place in late January and early February at the arena at TD Place. In fourteen years of the event, Carleton has won on eleven occasions.


title: Carleton University

text: The Ravens’ basketball strength continues to the women's side with Carleton being home to the 2018 U SPORTS National Championship. The team, previously coached by now men's coach Taffe Charles, is coached by Dani Sinclair.


title: Carleton University

text: The Ravens women's team has helped to develop a number of professional players including Marlee Ball, Nicole Gilmore, Alyssa Cerino and Catherine Traer.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton established a football team during the 1945–46 academic year, losing 15–0 to Macdonald College during its debut match. In tandem with basketball and hockey, Carleton's football matches transformed into a staple of student life at Carleton during the early years of the school, securing funding for sports equipment early in the school's history. In 1959, Carleton's move to the Rideau campus provided the team with updated facilities, including a field, training room, and equipment room.


title: Carleton University

text: In 1955, the football team began competing in the much-celebrated annual Panda Game against their rivals, the Ottawa Gee-Gees. The game evolved into an iconic highlight within student life at Carleton, gaining a sordid reputation for heavy drinking and outlandish parties. In 1999, the cancellation of Carleton's football program placed the game on indefinite hiatus, though was eventually revived in 2013. Since 2014, the game has taken place at TD Place in Lansdowne Park. While Ottawa holds a historical advantage over Carleton in terms of Panda Game victories, the current iteration of the Panda Game saw four consecutive victories for Carleton between 2014 and 2017.


title: Carleton University

text: From 1999 to 2013, Carleton suspending its football program, citing a lack of success and the ensuing financial burden, then revived for the 2013 season. In the intervening years, several proposals to revive the football program were brought forward by the Carleton community and alumni, notably in 2000 with advocacy efforts by the "Old Crow Society", which represents Carleton Football's alumni, but it was deemed premature at the time. Subsequently, a 2008 survey indicated 86% of students were in favour of resuscitating the university's football program. The team planned to form an independent corporate entity with its own revenue stream—a model that has proven successful at other schools, notably Laval University.


title: Carleton University

text: The Carleton Ravens men's ice hockey team plays within the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports. Carleton also maintains a rivalry with the University of Ottawa in this field, having competed in the annual Colonel By Classic at TD Place Arena since the tradition began during the 2016–17 academic year for the men's team, and during the 2018–19 academic year for women.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton is also home to a highly successful soccer program. Having recently won silver at the 2021 U SPORTS Men's Soccer Championship. The men's soccer team has won silver three times, 2021, 2002 and 1984. Recent success has seen the team reach the final-eight tournament in four consecutive tournaments from 2017 to 2021.


title: Carleton University

text: The men's and women's soccer programs both compete in the OUA, playing their home games on the Ravens’ Perch.


title: Carleton University

text: Like women's hockey, Carleton women's rugby compete in the RSEQ. The program, which recently celebrated its tenth season, finished 2021 with a program best 3rd-place finish, securing the RSEQ Bronze Medal in overtime.


title: Carleton University

text: Past faculty include three Nobel laureates (pioneering scientists in physics and chemistry Gerhard Herzberg and Peter Grünberg and the former Prime Minister of Canada, Lester B. Pearson) as well as six Order of Canada recipients. The Right Honourable Herb Gray, Canada's longest-serving continuous Member of Parliament, former Cabinet minister in the Trudeau, Turner, and Chrétien governments, former Deputy Prime Minister, and acting Leader of the Opposition, was the 10th Chancellor of the university. Gray was succeeded as Chancellor by Charles Chi (BEng '88), a venture capitalist and executive chairman of Lytro. His company has designed a revolutionary new camera that uses light field technology. Yaprak Baltacioğlu, former Secretary of Treasury Board Secretariat, was named the university's 12th Chancellor in December 2018. In 2022, Chancellor Professor Lenore Fahrig was awarded the prestigious Herzberg Prize for outstanding contributions in the field of conservation biology. She is the first Carleton faculty member to win the award.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton has produced notable graduates across numerous disciplines, including politicians, journalists, lawyers, entrepreneurs, architects and entertainers. Journalism being one of Carleton's traditional fortes, many of its alumni have gone on to leading positions in Canadian and international media outlets. These include Rosemary Barton and Andrew Chang, co-anchors of "The National", Paul Watson, Pulitzer Prize–winning photojournalist, Greg Ip, chief economics commentator for "The Wall Street Journal", Trina McQueen, founding president of the Discovery Channel, media mogul Conrad Black, Robert MacNeil, news anchor and journalist, Peter Worthington, Canadian News Hall of Fame inductee, Arthur Kent, Emmy Award–winning war correspondent, Nahlah Ayed, Middle East correspondent for the CBC, and Edward Greenspon, former Editor-in-Chief of "The Globe and Mail". Moreover, Chairman of Vice Media Shane Smith founded the media company alongside alumnus Gavin McInnes.


title: Carleton University

text: Carleton alumni have served at all levels of government. These include John Manley, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Paul Okalik, former Premier of Nunavut, Peter MacKay, former Minister of National Defence, Rob Ford, former Mayor of Toronto, and Jim Watson, former Mayor of Ottawa and former MPP for Ottawa West–Nepean. In architecture, Gregory Henriquez of Vancouver is well known for his inclusive mixed-use rezonings and social justice work. Another notable alumnus, Israeli-Canadian real-estate billionaire and architect David Azrieli, is the donor of the Azrieli Pavilion and the Azrieli Theater on campus.


title: Carleton University

text: Dan Aykroyd attended Carleton but did not graduate. In 1994, Aykroyd was conferred an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by the university. Comedian Norm Macdonald and journalist Peter Jennings also attended the university. Jennings was bestowed with an honorary doctorate in 1997. Other alumni in entertainment include the Canadian rapper k-os, Eisner Award–winning comics author Ryan North, YouTube personality Cristine Rotenberg, pop singer Mia Martina, actress Melody Anderson, and Grammy award–winning setar player Kayhan Kalhor. While in the legal field, Louise Charron, a Puisine Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, is also a Carleton alumnus.


title: Filename extension

text: A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (e.g., codice_1, codice_2, codice_3). The extension indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces. Other extension formats include dashes and/or underscores on early versions of Linux and some versions of IBM AIX.


title: Filename extension

text: Some file systems implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.


title: Filename extension

text: Filename extensions may be considered a type of metadata. They are commonly used to imply information about the way data might be stored in the file. The exact definition, giving the criteria for deciding what part of the file name is its extension, belongs to the rules of the specific filesystem used; usually the extension is the substring which follows the last occurrence, if any, of the dot character ("example:" codice_4 is the extension of the filename codice_5, and codice_6 the extension of codice_7).


title: Filename extension

text: On file systems of some mainframe systems such as CMS in VM, VMS, and of PC systems such as CP/M and derivative systems such as MS-DOS, the extension is a separate namespace from the filename. Under Microsoft's DOS and Windows, extensions such as codice_8, codice_9 or codice_10 indicate that a file is a program executable. In OS/360 and successors, the part of the dataset name following the last period is treated as an extension by some software, e.g., TSO EDIT, but it has no special significance to the operating system itself; the same applies to Unix files in MVS.


title: Filename extension

text: Filesystems for UNIX-like operating systems do not separate the extension metadata from the rest of the file name. The dot character is just another character in the main filename. A file name may have no extensions. Sometimes it is said to have more than one extension, although terminology varies in this regard, and most authors define "extension" in a way that doesn't allow more than one in the same file name. More than one extension usually represents nested transformations, such as codice_11 (the codice_12 indicates that the file is a tar archive of one or more files, and the codice_13 indicates that the tar archive file is compressed with gzip). Programs transforming or creating files may add the appropriate extension to names inferred from input file names (unless explicitly given an output file name), but programs reading files usually ignore the information; it is mostly intended for the human user.


title: Filename extension

text: It is more common, especially in binary files, for the file itself to contain internal metadata describing its contents.


title: Filename extension

text: This model generally requires the full filename to be provided in commands, whereas the metadata approach often allows the extension to be omitted.


title: Filename extension

text: The VFAT, NTFS, and ReFS file systems for Windows also do not separate the extension metadata from the rest of the file name, and allow multiple extensions.


title: Filename extension

text: With the advent of graphical user interfaces, the issue of file management and interface behavior arose. Microsoft Windows allowed multiple applications to be associated with a given extension, and different actions were available for selecting the required application, such as a context menu offering a choice between viewing, editing or printing the file. The assumption was still that any extension represented a single file type; there was an unambiguous mapping between extension and icon.


title: Filename extension

text: The classic Mac OS disposed of filename-based extension metadata entirely; it used, instead, a distinct file type code to identify the file format. Additionally, a creator code was specified to determine which application would be launched when the file's icon was double-clicked. macOS, however, uses filename suffixes, as well as type and creator codes, as a consequence of being derived from the UNIX-like NeXTSTEP operating system.


title: Filename extension

text: The filename extension was originally used to determine the file's generic type. The need to condense a file's type into three characters frequently led to abbreviated extensions. Examples include using codice_14 for graphics files, codice_15 for plain text, and codice_16 for music. However, because many different software programs have been made that all handle these data types (and others) in a variety of ways, filename extensions started to become closely associated with certain products—even specific product versions. For example, early WordStar files used codice_17 or codice_18, where "n" was the program's version number. Also, conflicting uses of some filename extensions developed. One example is codice_19, used for both RPM Package Manager packages and RealPlayer Media files;. Others are codice_20, shared by DESQview fonts, Quicken financial ledgers, and QuickTime pictures; codice_21, shared by GrabIt scripts and Game Boy Advance ROM images; codice_22, used for SmallBasic and Scratch; and codice_23, being used for Dynamix Three Space and DTS.


title: Filename extension

text: Some other operating systems that used filename extensions generally had fewer restrictions on filenames. Many allowed full filename lengths of 14 or more characters, and maximum name lengths up to 255 were not uncommon. The file systems in operating systems such as Multics and UNIX stored the file name as a single string, not split into base name and extension components, allowing the "." to be just another character allowed in file names. Such systems generally allow for variable-length filenames, permitting more than one dot, and hence multiple suffixes. Some components of Multics and UNIX, and applications running on them, used suffixes, in some cases, to indicate file types, but they did not use them as much—for example, executables and ordinary text files had no suffixes in their names.


title: Filename extension

text: The High Performance File System (HPFS), used in Microsoft and IBM's OS/2 also supported long file names and did not divide the file name into a name and an extension. The convention of using suffixes continued, even though HPFS supported extended attributes for files, allowing a file's type to be stored in the file as an extended attribute.


title: Filename extension

text: Microsoft's Windows NT's native file system, NTFS, supported long file names and did not divide the file name into a name and an extension, but again, the convention of using suffixes to simulate extensions continued, for compatibility with existing versions of Windows.


title: Filename extension

text: When the Internet age first arrived, those using Windows systems that were still restricted to 8.3 filename formats had to create web pages with names ending in codice_24, while those using Macintosh or UNIX computers could use the recommended codice_25 filename extension. This also became a problem for programmers experimenting with the Java programming language, since it "requires" the four-letter suffix codice_26 for source code files and the five-letter suffix codice_27 for Java compiler object code output files.


title: Filename extension

text: Eventually, Windows 95 introduced support for long file names, and removed the 8.3 name/extension split in file names from non-NT Windows, in an extended version of the commonly used FAT file system called VFAT. VFAT first appeared in Windows NT 3.5 and Windows 95. The internal implementation of long file names in VFAT is largely considered to be a kludge, but it removed the important length restriction and allowed files to have a mix of upper case and lower case letters, on machines that would not run Windows NT well.


title: Filename extension

text: The use of a filename extension in a command name appears occasionally, usually as a side effect of the command having been implemented as a script, e.g., for the Bourne shell or for Python, and the interpreter name being suffixed to the command name, a practice common on systems that rely on associations between filename extension and interpreter, but sharply deprecated in Unix-like systems, such as Linux, Oracle Solaris, BSD-based systems, and Apple's macOS, where the interpreter is normally specified as a header in the script ("shebang").


title: Filename extension

text: On association-based systems, the filename extension is generally mapped to a single, system-wide selection of interpreter for that extension (such as ".py" meaning to use Python), and the command itself is runnable from the command line even if the extension is omitted (assuming appropriate setup is done). If the implementation language is changed, the command name extension is changed as well, and the OS provides a consistent API by allowing the same extensionless version of the command to be used in both cases. This method suffers somewhat from the essentially global nature of the association mapping, as well as from developers' incomplete avoidance of extensions when calling programs, and that developers can't force that avoidance. Windows is the only remaining widespread employer of this mechanism.


title: Filename extension

text: On systems with interpreter directives, including virtually all versions of Unix, command name extensions have no special significance, and are by standard practice not used, since the primary method to set interpreters for scripts is to start them with a single line specifying the interpreter to use (which could be viewed as a degenerate resource fork). In these environments, including the extension in a command name unnecessarily exposes an implementation detail which puts all references to the commands from other programs at future risk if the implementation changes. For example, it would be perfectly normal for a shell script to be reimplemented in Python or Ruby, and later in C or C++, all of which would change the name of the command were extensions used. Without extensions, a program always has the same extension-less name, with only the interpreter directive and/or magic number changing, and references to the program from other programs remain valid.


title: Filename extension

text: The default behavior of File Explorer, the file browser provided with Microsoft Windows, is for filename extensions to not be displayed. Malicious users have tried to spread computer viruses and computer worms by using file names formed like codice_28. The hope is that this will appear as codice_29, a harmless text file, without alerting the user to the fact that it is a harmful computer program, in this case, written in VBScript. Default behavior for ReactOS is to display filename extensions in ReactOS Explorer.


title: Filename extension

text: Later Windows versions (starting with Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003) included customizable lists of filename extensions that should be considered "dangerous" in certain "zones" of operation, such as when downloaded from the web or received as an e-mail attachment. Modern antivirus software systems also help to defend users against such attempted attacks where possible.


title: Filename extension

text: Some viruses take advantage of the similarity between the ".com" top-level domain and the ".COM" filename extension by emailing malicious, executable command-file attachments under names superficially similar to URLs ("e.g.", "myparty.yahoo.com"), with the effect that unaware users click on email-embedded links that they think lead to websites but actually download and execute the malicious attachments.


title: Filename extension

text: There have been instances of malware crafted to exploit vulnerabilities in some Windows applications which could cause a stack-based buffer overflow when opening a file with an overly long, unhandled filename extension.


title: Filename extension

text: The filename extension is just a marker and the content of the file does not have to match it. This can be used to disguise malicious content. When trying to identify a file for security reasons, it is therefore considered dangerous to rely on the extension alone and a proper analysis of the content of the file is preferred. For example, on UNIX derived systems, it is not uncommon to find files with no extensions at all, as commands such as file (command) are meant to be used instead, and will read the file's header to determine its content.


title: Filename extension

text: In many Internet protocols, such as HTTP and MIME email, the type of a bitstream is stated as the media type, or MIME type, of the stream, rather than a filename extension. This is given in a line of text preceding the stream, such as "Content-type: text/plain".


title: Filename extension

text: There is no standard mapping between filename extensions and media types, resulting in possible mismatches in interpretation between authors, web servers, and client software when transferring files over the Internet. For instance, a content author may specify the extension "svgz" for a compressed Scalable Vector Graphics file, but a web server that does not recognize this extension may not send the proper content type "application/svg+xml" and its required compression header, leaving web browsers unable to correctly interpret and display the image.


title: Filename extension

text: BeOS, whose BFS file system supports extended attributes, would tag a file with its media type as an extended attribute. The KDE and GNOME desktop environments associate a media type with a file by examining both the filename suffix and the contents of the file, in the fashion of the file command, as a heuristic. They choose the application to launch when a file is opened based on that media type, reducing the dependency on filename extensions. macOS uses both filename extensions and media types, as well as file type codes, to select a Uniform Type Identifier by which to identify the file type internally.


title: George Lindsey

text: George Smith Lindsey (December 17, 1928 – May 6, 2012) was an American actor and stand-up comedian, best known for his role as Goober Pyle on "The Andy Griffith Show", "Mayberry R.F.D." and his subsequent tenure on "Hee-Haw".


title: George Lindsey

text: George Lindsey was born in Fairfield, Alabama, to George Ross Lindsey (a butcher) and Alice Smith. He was raised by his grandparents in the small town of Jasper, where he graduated from Walker County High School in 1946. He attended Kemper Military School in Boonville, Missouri, and Florence State Teacher's College (Florence, Alabama) (now the University of North Alabama), where he majored in physical education and biology. He was a quarterback on the football team, and acted in college plays. He received a Bachelor of Science in 1952.


title: George Lindsey

text: After graduating from college he enlisted in the United States Air Force and was stationed at Ramey Air Force Base in Puerto Rico. After his discharge, he taught for a year at Hazel Green High School in Hazel Green, Alabama, while waiting to be accepted by the American Theater Wing in New York City in 1956. On March 24, 1960, he appeared on the "To Tell the Truth" television quiz show, posing as a Florida spear fisherman and ultimately revealing himself as a "nightclub comic". After graduating from the Wing and performing in two Broadway plays, "Wonderful Town" and "All American", he moved to Los Angeles in 1962. He got parts in TV series including "Gunsmoke", "The Rifleman", "The Real McCoys", "The Twilight Zone", "Daniel Boone", "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea" and three episodes of "The Alfred Hitchcock Hour", before he got the role he would become famous for as "Goober" on "The Andy Griffith Show".


title: George Lindsey

text: In 1964, Lindsey was cast as the slow-witted but kindly Goober Beasley on "The Andy Griffith Show". His character was later renamed Goober Pyle to tie him to his cousin Gomer Pyle, a slow-witted country boy played by Jim Nabors, also from Alabama. Goober's antics frequently included his exaggerated Goober Dance and his comically bad Cary Grant impression.


title: George Lindsey

text: As Lindsey started his portrayal as Goober, he also had a minor role in the Walter Brennan series "The Tycoon" on ABC. Lindsey played a sailor in the 1964 film "Ensign Pulver", the sequel to "Mister Roberts". He also had a role in a "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea" episode entitled "Submarine Sunk Here". He appeared in six episodes of the television series "Gunsmoke". He played a blackmailing taxicab]driver in the "Bed of Roses" episode of "The Alfred Hitchcock Hour".


title: George Lindsey

text: During an interview segment of TV Land's 40th Anniversary "Star Trek" Marathon on November 12, 2006, Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment, it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine wrote in his autobiography, "my hand to God – he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous."


title: George Lindsey

text: After Griffith left his television show, CBS retooled it as "Mayberry R.F.D." and Lindsey played the same character until CBS cancelled the program in 1971.


title: George Lindsey

text: In 1972, Lindsey portrayed Charlie, one of a pair of highwaymen in the "Gunsmoke" episode "Blind Man's Bluff," and an escaped convict, "The Dove," in an episode of "The Rifleman". Disney used his talents in a few projects, both as comedy support in features ("Snowball Express") and voiceovers for a few of their animated characters. Three Disney animated features that presented the voice of Lindsey were "The Aristocats" (1970), "Robin Hood" (1973) and "The Rescuers" (1977). He appeared in the 1967 "Gunsmoke" episode "Mad Dog" as one of the Watson Brothers.


title: George Lindsey

text: In 1978, Lindsey guest starred on "M*A*S*H" as Roy Dupree, a wild but capable Southern surgeon. In 1997 Lindsey played himself in an episode of "NewsRadio".


title: George Lindsey

text: Lindsey portrayed Goober for the third and last time on the syndicated country music variety show "Hee Haw", playing a more rustic and somewhat smarter version of the character. He appeared on that show from 1972 to 1992.


title: George Lindsey

text: Lindsey died on May 6, 2012, in Nashville, Tennessee, from heart failure. He was 83. He is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in his hometown of Jasper, Alabama.


title: George Lindsey

text: Lindsey raised over US$1,000,000 for Alabama Special Olympics through 17 years of the George Lindsey Celebrity Weekend and Golf Tournament in Montgomery, Alabama and another $50,000 for the Alabama Association of Retarded Citizens, and participated as Head Coach-Winter Games in the Minneapolis, Minnesota Special Olympics National Competition.


title: George Lindsey

text: He established and perpetuated the George Lindsey Academic Scholarships at University of North Alabama. In 1992, the university gave him an honorary doctorate.


title: George Lindsey

text: Lindsey was the 1995 recipient of the Governor's Achievement Award — Alabama Music Hall of Fame. The State of Alabama named the "George Lindsey Highway" in Jasper, Alabama after the actor. In 1998, he established the George Lindsey/UNA Film Festival that takes place at the University of North Alabama annually in the spring.


title: George Lindsey

text: He was the 1997 recipient of the Minnie Pearl Lifetime Achievement Award and the 2007 recipient of the first ICON Award presented by the Nashville Associations of Talent Directors.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: Cheikhou Kouyaté (born 21 December 1989) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder or centre-back for Premier League club Nottingham Forest and the Senegal national team.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: Kouyaté moved from Senegal to Belgium in 2006, having been offered a youth contract at RWDM Brussels. He played ten games before moving to Anderlecht aged 19, where he made 206 appearances and won the Belgian First Division A four times. In June 2014, he joined West Ham United of the Premier League, and four years later he transferred to Crystal Palace for an estimated £9.5 million.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: Kouyaté represented the Senegal national team at the 2012 Olympics. He played at two FIFA World Cup and four Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, including Senegal's victory in 2021.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: Kouyaté began his footballing career in 1996 in his hometown with ASC Yego Dakar and was scouted by RWDM Brussels in September 2006. RWDM Brussels then signed the player in January the following year. He went on to play ten league appearances for the first team between 2007 and 2008.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: As Kouyaté turned 19, he left Brussels because his former employers did not pay him three months' worth of wages. He subsequently moved to Anderlecht in the same city on a four-year deal for a free transfer. He also had a loan at KV Kortrijk. Kouyaté made 153 league appearances for Anderlecht, scoring four goals in five seasons at the club. He won the 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13 and 2013–14 league titles as well as the 2010–11, 2012–13 and 2013–14 Belgian Super Cups.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: On 18 June 2014, Kouyaté signed for West Ham United on a four-year contract for a fee of £7 million. He made his West Ham debut on 16 August in a 1–0 home defeat to Tottenham Hotspur, for which his performance was described as "impressive" by the BBC. The following week, manager Sam Allardyce compared him to ex-Arsenal captain Patrick Vieira. On 28 December, Kouyaté scored his first West Ham goal in a 2–1 defeat to Arsenal. His second goal of the season came on 8 February 2015 in a 1–1 draw with Manchester United. His performance in the game won praise from manager Allardyce for Kouyaté's Man of the Match performance which was also singled out as the Individual Performance of the Season, by a West Ham player, at the clubs' annual awards. He scored two further goals in the season, in a 2–2 away draw with Tottenham and in a 2–1 away defeat to Leicester City. Kouyaté finished the season having played 31 out of a possible 38 Premier League games.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: On 9 August 2015, Kouyaté scored the opening goal in the 43rd minute in a 2–0 win over Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium. He then scored in a 4–3 home defeat to AFC Bournemouth on 22 August. He scored his third goal of the season in a 2–2 draw with Norwich City on 26 September, netting the equalizer in the 90th minute to rescue a point for West Ham. In March 2016, Kouyate signed a new, five-year contract with West Ham that could keep him at the club until 2021. Kouyaté was sent-off twice during the 2015–16 season and on both occasions had the card rescinded by The Football Association (FA). On 21 February, he was dismissed by referee Jonathan Moss in a 5–1 FA Cup win at Blackburn Rovers, only for the card to be rescinded a few days later. On 2 April, he was dismissed in a Premier League game at the Boleyn Ground against Crystal Palace by referee Mark Clattenburg. This too, however, was overturned a few days later.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: On 4 August 2016, Kouyaté scored West Ham's first ever goal at the Olympic Stadium, coming in the eighth minute of a Europa League game against NK Domžale. He also scored the second in the game, which West Ham won 3–0. On 26 October 2016, Kouyaté scored the opening goal in a 2–1 EFL Cup victory against rivals Chelsea. On 8 April 2017, Kouyaté scored a "stunning low 25-yard strike", as West Ham beat relegation rivals Swansea City.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: On 23 September 2017, Kouyaté scored his first goal of the season in a 3–2 loss against Tottenham. Kouyaté's final goal for the club came on 24 November 2017, scoring the equaliser in a 1–1 draw with Leicester City. Kouyaté marked the headed goal with a lowered crossed-armed celebration, designed to help raise awareness about the ongoing slavery in Libya.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: On 1 August 2018, Kouyaté completed a move to fellow London club Crystal Palace on a four-year deal for an undisclosed fee, believed to be £9.5 million. He made his debut ten days later in a 2–0 win at Fulham, as an 88th-minute substitute for Andros Townsend. He scored his first goal in his 54th game on 26 December 2019, equalising in a 2–1 win over his previous club at Selhurst Park.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: After the arrival of Patrick Vieira as manager in 2021, Kouyaté continued to play in midfield or an expanded defence in a 5–3–2 formation (as against part of a back-four in 2020–21) while his former midfield partners Luka Milivojević and James McArthur waned in importance. Kouyaté played in Palace's run to the semi-finals of the 2021–22 FA Cup, scoring in a 2–1 home win over Stoke City in the fifth round on 1 March. In May 2022, Kouyaté called his Senegalese teammate Idrissa Gueye a "real man" for reportedly refusing to wear a Paris Saint-Germain shirt with a rainbow-coloured number for LGBT rights. Vieira said that he would have a private discussion with Kouyaté.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: Kouyaté was called up aged 18 to the Senegal under-20s in the same year as his RWDM Brussels debut. He scored two goals in just three games for the side in 2007.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: On 29 February 2012, Kouyaté made his debut for the Senegal senior team as a 56th-minute substitute for Mohamed Diamé in a goalless friendly draw away to South Africa. At the time, he had been in the process of naturalisation as a Belgian citizen, and had been linked to the European country's national team. In the same year, he was announced to be in the squad for Senegal Olympic football team. He played in every game as Senegal's debut appearance in the tournament ended in a knockout in the quarter-final.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: In January 2015, he was a member of the squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, held in Equatorial Guinea. He scored his first international goal on 5 September in 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification, in a 2–0 win away to Namibia.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: He was part of the 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, and played all seven games as Senegal finished runners-up in the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt. At the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, he played six for the winners, having been suspended for the last 16 against Cape Verde. Returning for the quarter-finals against Equatorial Guinea, he restored their lead in a 3–1 win having been on for two minutes as a substitute.


title: Cheikhou Kouyaté

text: Kouyaté is married to Zahra Mbow. They have a son born in 2021. According to various Senegalese media outlets, Kouyaté has a second wife. Kouyaté is a practising Muslim and made the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca.


title: Sepp van den Berg

text: Sepp van den Berg (born 20 December 2001) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as centre-back for Bundesliga club Schalke 04, on loan from Premier League club Liverpool.


title: Sepp van den Berg

text: After successfully progressing through the PEC Zwolle youth ranks since 2012, Van den Berg made his first team debut on 11 March 2018, coming on as a 45th minute substitute in a 2–0 league defeat at home to Groningen.


title: Sepp van den Berg

text: On 27 June 2019, Van den Berg joined Liverpool for a confirmed fee of £1.3 million, which could potentially rise up to £4.4 million if all agreed clauses are activated. He made his competitive debut for the club on 25 September 2019 in an EFL Cup match against Milton Keynes Dons. Van den Berg made his first start in Liverpool's 5–5 draw against Arsenal in the EFL Cup fourth round on 30 October. Liverpool went on to win 5–4 in the penalty shoot-out.


title: Sepp van den Berg

text: On 1 February 2021, Van den Berg joined EFL Championship side Preston North End on loan for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. Five days later, he made his debut for Preston as a substitute for Paul Huntington in a 1–2 home league defeat by Rotherham United.


title: Sepp van den Berg

text: On 21 June 2021, Van den Berg extended his loan to Preston by an additional 12 months, to an 18 month loan deal, to remain at the club for the 2021–22 season. He scored his first professional goal in a 4-2 win at Morecambe in the EFL Cup in August 2021.


title: Sepp van den Berg

text: Van den Berg is a youth international for the Netherlands. After accruing 10 caps and 3 goals for Netherlands U19’s, Van den Berg made his debut for Netherlands U21’s in a 5-0 win against Wales on 12th October 2021.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: R. K. Suresh is an Indian Tamil film producer and actor who heads the production company, Studio 9. In 2015, Suresh debuted as an actor, working in Bala's "Tharai Thappattai" and M. Muthaiah's "Marudhu". He is currently the vice president of the Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) Tamil Nadu OBC wing.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: He was married to his college friend for several years and both have one son. They had some issues and divorced. He was engaged to be married to serial actress Divya who acted in Sumangali. He had also said that Divya hailed from his hometown Ramanathapuram and that he really liked her. However the marriage was called off due to differences.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: Suresh in October 2020 confirmed that he married Madhu, a cinema financier from Chennai in a secret wedding ceremony. The couple has a daughter born on April 23, 2021. He named the baby girl as "Isharya" after consulting an astrologer.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: A police complaint was lodged against Suresh in June 2021 alleging that he had cheated a family of ₹1 crore as commission after Suresh promised that he would help arrange ₹10 crore loan as he knew a bank manager. The complainant alleged Suresh used fraudulent documents to receive the ₹1 crore commission and refused to give back the money and threatened to murder the two sons in their family. The complainant said that her husband died due to depression due to the money loss and that since Suresh was a BJP leader, the police did not take his complaint seriously. Suresh said it was a fabricated story.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: Suresh, the son of Dr R Kalanjiam — the producer of the Murali-starrer "Poo Vaasam" (1999), wanted to be a part of the film industry after being told he had the looks of an actor by director Samuthirakani at a gymnasium. He subsequently began looking for acting opportunities and approached several producers to no avail. He was offered a role as an extra in "Pudhupettai" (2006), but his father made him return the advance after being unimpressed about the stature of the role. Suresh then began a film distribution company and succeeded by distributing films such as "Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom" (2012), "Soodhu Kavvum" (2013) and "Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara" (2013), before first working as a producer with "Salim" (2014).


title: R. K. Suresh

text: In November 2014, Suresh was involved in a legal dispute with actor Vijay Sethupathi, who kept delaying the start of Suresh's production "Vasantha Kumaran". He posted a message in social media that he quit the film industry and stated that Studio 9's ongoing projects would be shelved. Suresh blamed Vijay Sethupathi's failure to allot dates for "Vasantha Kumaran" as the primary reason behind their financial problems and sought legal action against the actor. The actor clarified that he had informed everything about the issue to the actors’ association and was waiting for an official press release jointly from the producer and South Indian Film Artistes’ Association. Responding to the allegations, in a statement, Vijay Sethupathi said that Suresh was trying to make the film without sorting out funding. He added that Suresh had indulged in several activities that were wrong and used a lot of bad languages, and refused to accept his withdrawal notice. The pair later amicably sorted out differences and announced another film during the following year, "Dharma Durai" (2016) which went on to be a profitable venture financially and critically.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: Suresh later signed on to appear as an actor in Bala's "Tharai Thappattai" (2016), for which he received critical acclaim, and then in Muthiah's "Marudhu" (2016), portraying the antagonist. The success of the films prompted him to decide to star as a protagonist and announced several films as such as "Thani Mugam", "Billa Pandi, Vettai Naai and Vargam" where he plays opposite Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, where he would portray the lead role. Also he has signed for a role in Vikram's "Sketch" (2017). In June 2017, he has signed a new project titled "Thennattan," which is based on farmers and jallikattu and directed by M. Vijay Pandi. In the biopic film "Traffic Ramasamy" (2018), he is playing the friend of Veteran Director S. A. Chandrasekhar


title: R. K. Suresh

text: He joined the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) on October 4, 2019. He was made Vice President of OBC wing of BJP in July 2020.


title: R. K. Suresh

text: In a speech in October 2022, he expressed his desire to start a political organization for the Thevar caste.


title: Meppadiyan

text: Meppadiyan () is an Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Vishnu Mohan and produced by Unni Mukundan Films. The film features Unni Mukundan, Kottayam Ramesh, Saiju Kurup, Aju Varghese, Anju Kurian, Nisha Sarang and Kalabhavan Shajohn in lead roles. The songs and background score for the film was composed by Rahul Subrahmanian. Filming took place in Aruvithura and Poonjar in late 2020. The film released on 14 January 2022 to above average reviews.


title: Meppadiyan

text: Jayakrishnan enters into real estate business with Varkey; however, it becomes a trap for him and he loses his own home and land. The land that he ends up buying happens to be a property that the Central Government had marked for a Railway project. Jacob and Stella hides this fact about their property in order to get the money in any way possible for their daughter's marriage. With the help of a political shark Xavier, he sells that property to Ashraf Hajji, who had bought Jayakrishnan's ancestral home for a lower than fair market price by exploiting his dire situation. The film shows how an easy going person like Jayakrishnan changes into an animal of a corrupt society where bureaucracy and deceitful schemes wins over honesty and compassion.


title: Meppadiyan

text: The film was shot around 48 different locations across Aruvithura and Pala with an ensemble cast. Filming began on 26 October 2020, in Aruvithura.


title: Meppadiyan

text: The release of the film was postponed several times due to COVID-19 pandemic in India. The film had a theatrical release on 14 January 2022.


title: Meppadiyan

text: "The Times of India" rated 3.5 out of 5 and said that "The writer-director manages to really drive the tension to a peak with simply showing how our courts and particularly, government servants can make us sweat blood out of pure pettiness and arrogance ... Unni Mukundan is so wow that he is not Unni Mukundan, but Jayakrishnan ... This movie offers not just a glimpse at society, but also good character studies. It is a good film for the family to enjoy and discuss together". "Malayala Manorama" also rated 3.5 out of 5 and wrote: "Unni Mukundan follows his character with a well-balanced gait and has been able to deliver in total the tribulations ... The makers have been able to pull off a high drama by adopting scenarios of simple and real life events ... It may not be a highly thrilling drama but is nevertheless an engrossing tale that keeps viewers hooked till the credits roll up". "The New Indian Express" rated 3 out of 5 stars and said that the film is "supposed to be a respite from the action-heavy, macho posturing roles Unni did before, and in that regard, yes, the film lives up to its promise ... It's nice to see an actor like Unni making sincere efforts to change the audience’s perception of his acting capabilities".


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Jaron Zepel Lanier (, born May 3, 1960) is an American computer scientist, visual artist, computer philosophy writer, technologist, futurist, and composer of contemporary classical music. Considered a founder of the field of virtual reality, Lanier and Thomas G. Zimmerman left Atari in 1985 to found VPL Research, Inc., the first company to sell VR goggles and wired gloves. In the late 1990s, Lanier worked on applications for Internet2, and in the 2000s, he was a visiting scholar at Silicon Graphics and various universities. In 2006 he began to work at Microsoft, and from 2009 has worked at Microsoft Research as an Interdisciplinary Scientist.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier has composed contemporary classical music and is a collector of rare instruments (of which he owns one to two thousand); his acoustic album, "Instruments of Change" (1994) features Asian wind and string instruments such as the khene mouth organ, the suling flute, and the sitar-like esraj. Lanier teamed with Mario Grigorov to compose the soundtrack to the documentary film "The Third Wave" (2007).


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In 2005, "Foreign Policy" named Lanier as one of the top 100 Public Intellectuals. In 2010, Lanier was named to the "TIME" 100 list of most influential people. In 2014, "Prospect" named Lanier one of the top 50 World Thinkers. In 2018, "Wired" named Lanier one of the top 25 most influential people over the last 25 years of technological history.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Born Jaron Zepel Lanier in New York City, Lanier was raised in Mesilla, New Mexico. Lanier's mother and father were Jewish; his mother was a Nazi concentration camp survivor from Vienna, and his father's family had emigrated from Ukraine to escape the pogroms. When he was nine years old, his mother was killed in a car accident. He lived in tents for an extended period with his father before embarking on a seven-year project to build a geodesic dome home that he helped design.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: At the age of 13, Lanier convinced New Mexico State University to let him enroll. At NMSU, he took graduate-level courses; he received a grant from the National Science Foundation to study mathematical notation, which led him to learn computer programming.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: From 1979 to 1980, Lanier's NSF-funded project at NMSU focused on "digital graphical simulations for learning". Lanier also attended art school in New York during this time, but returned to New Mexico and worked as an assistant to a midwife. The father of a baby he helped deliver gave him a car as a gift, which Lanier later drove to Santa Cruz.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In California, Lanier worked for Atari Inc., where he met Thomas Zimmerman, inventor of the data glove. After Atari was split into two companies in 1984, Lanier became unemployed. The free time enabled him to concentrate on his own projects, including VPL, a "post-symbolic" visual programming language. Along with Zimmerman, Lanier founded VPL Research, focusing on commercializing virtual reality technologies; the company prospered for a while, but filed for bankruptcy in 1990. In 1999, Sun Microsystems bought VPL's virtual reality and graphics-related patents.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: From 1997 to 2001, Lanier was the Chief Scientist of Advanced Network and Services, which contained the Engineering Office of Internet2, and served as the Lead Scientist of the 'National Tele-immersion Initiative', a coalition of research universities studying advanced applications for Internet2. The Initiative demonstrated the first prototypes of tele-immersion in 2000 after a three-year development period. From 2001 to 2004, he was visiting scientist at Silicon Graphics Inc., where he developed solutions to core problems in telepresence and tele-immersion. He was also visiting scholar with the Department of Computer Science at Columbia University (1997–2001), a visiting artist with New York University's Interactive Telecommunications Program, and a founding member of the International Institute for Evolution and the Brain.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In "One-Half a Manifesto", Lanier criticizes the claims made by writers such as Ray Kurzweil, and opposes the prospect of so-called "cybernetic totalism", which is "a cataclysm brought on when computers become ultra-intelligent masters of matter and life." Lanier's position is that humans may not be considered to be biological computers, i.e., they may not be compared to digital computers in any proper sense, and it is very unlikely that humans could be generally replaced by computers easily in a few decades, even economically. While transistor count increases according to Moore's law, overall performance rises only very slowly. According to Lanier, this is because human productivity in developing software increases only slightly, and software becomes more bloated and remains as error-prone as it ever was. "Simply put, software just won't allow it. Code can't keep up with processing power now, and it never will."


title: Jaron Lanier

text: At the end he warns that the biggest problem of any theory (esp. ideology) is not that it is false, "but when it claims to be the sole and utterly complete path to understanding life and reality." The impression of objective necessity paralyzes the ability of humans to walk out of or to fight the paradigm and causes the self-fulfilling destiny which spoils people.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Some of Lanier's speculation involves what he calls "post-symbolic communication". In his April 2006 "Discover" magazine column, he writes about cephalopods (i.e., the various species of octopus, squid, and related molluscs), many of which are able to morph their bodies, including changing the pigmentation and texture of their skin, as well as forming complex shape imitations with their limbs. Lanier sees this behavior, especially as exchanged between two octopodes, as a direct behavioral expression of thought.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In his online essay "", in "Edge" magazine in May 2006, Lanier criticized the sometimes-claimed omniscience of collective wisdom (including examples such as the Wikipedia article about him, which he said recurrently exaggerates his film directing work), describing it as "digital Maoism". He writes "If we start to believe that the Internet itself is an entity that has something to say, we're devaluing those people [creating the content] and making ourselves into idiots."


title: Jaron Lanier

text: This critique is further explored in an interview with him on Radio National's "The Philosopher's Zone", where he is critical of the denatured effect that "removes the scent of people".


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In December 2006 Lanier followed up his critique of the collective wisdom with an article in "Edge" entitled "Beware the Online Collective".


title: Jaron Lanier

text: I wonder if some aspect of human nature evolved in the context of competing packs. We might be genetically wired to be vulnerable to the lure of the mob... What's to stop an online mass of anonymous but connected people from suddenly turning into a mean mob, just like masses of people have time and time again in the history of every human culture? It's amazing that details in the design of online software can bring out such varied potentials in human behavior. It's time to think about that power on a moral basis.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier argues that the search for deeper information in any area sooner or later requires finding information that has been produced by a single person, or a few devoted individuals: "You have to have a chance to sense personality in order for language to have its full meaning." That is, he sees limitations in the utility of an encyclopedia produced by only partially interested third parties as a form of communication.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In his book "You Are Not a Gadget" (2010), Lanier criticizes what he perceives as the hive mind of Web 2.0 (wisdom of the crowd) and describes the open source and open content expropriation of intellectual production as a form of "Digital Maoism". Lanier accuses Web 2.0 developments of devaluing progress and innovation, as well as glorifying the collective at the expense of the individual. He criticizes Wikipedia and Linux as examples of this problem; Wikipedia for what he sees as: its "mob rule" by anonymous editors, the weakness of its non-scientific content, and its bullying of experts.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier also argues that there are limitations to certain aspects of the open source and content movement in that they lack the ability to create anything truly new and innovative. For example, Lanier argues that the open source movement did not create the iPhone. In another example, Lanier further accuses Web 2.0 of making search engines lazy, destroying the potential of innovative websites such as Thinkquest, and hampering the communication of ideas such as mathematics to a wider audience.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier further argues that the open source approach has destroyed opportunities for the middle class to finance content creation, and results in the concentration of wealth in a few individuals—"the lords of the clouds"—people who, more by virtue of luck rather than true innovation, manage to insert themselves as content concentrators at strategic times and locations in the cloud. In the book, Lanier also criticizes the MIDI Standard for musical instrument commonality.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In his book "Who Owns the Future?" (2013), Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free services, firms can accrue large amounts of data at virtually no cost. Lanier calls these firms "Siren Servers", alluding to the Sirens of Ulysses. Instead of paying each individual for their contribution to the data pool, the Siren Servers concentrate wealth in the hands of the few who control the data centers.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: For example, he points to Google's translation algorithm, which amalgamates previous translations uploaded by people online, giving the user its best guess. The people behind the source translations receive no payment for their work, while Google profits from increased ad visibility as a powerful Siren Server. In another example, Lanier points out that in 1988, Kodak employed 140,000 people when it led the digital imaging industry. By 2012, Kodak had filed for bankruptcy due to free photo-sharing sites such as Instagram that employed only 13 people at the time.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: As a solution to these problems, Lanier puts forth an alternative structure to the web based on Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu. He proposes a two-way linking system that would point to the source of any piece of information, creating an economy of micropayments that compensates people for original material they post to the web.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In his book "Dawn of the New Everything: Encounters with Reality and Virtual Reality" (2017), Lanier reflects on his upbringing in 1960s New Mexico, his lifelong relationship with technology, and his path to Silicon Valley. Part personal memoir and part rumination on virtual reality, Lanier highlights VR's versatility both in historical context and projects its functions into the future.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier writes of VR's capacity to engage and inspire more than any other kind of technology ("TV and video games draw people into a zombielike trance ... while VR is active and makes you tired after a while"). He writes that the older, poorer VR equipment might have done an even better job at exposing one's own process of perception, since "the best enjoyment of VR includes not really being convinced. Like when you go to a magic show." And he underscores how VR inherently helps the user focus on reality, rather than the virtual world, explaining that the best magic of VR happens in the moments right after the demo ends (his lab would often present flowers to visitors coming out of the headset, as the visitor would experience them as though for the first time).


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier cites modern VR's rich résumé beyond gaming and entertainment: it has been used to treat war veterans overcoming PTSD; by doctors to perform intricate surgeries; by paraplegics wanting to feel the sense of flight; and as a mechanism to prototype almost every vehicle fabricated in the last two decades. Throughout the book Lanier intersperses fifty-one definitions of VR, illuminating its many uses, gifts, and pitfalls.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: As the name implies, Lanier is concerned about the influence of social media, and many of his criticisms of social media will feel familiar to observers of American politics and culture. In essence the claim is that platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have made their users cruder, less empathetic, more tribal. Lanier worries that reliance on social media platforms is reducing people's capacity for spirituality, and that social media users are in essence turning into automated extensions of the platforms.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: The Internet has created the most precise mirror of people as a whole that we've yet had. It is not a summary prepared by a social scientist or an elite think tank. It is not the hagiography of an era, condensed by a romantic idealist or a sneering cynic. It is the real us, available for direct inspection for the first time. Our collective window shades are now open. We see the mundanity, the avarice, the ugliness, the perversity, the loneliness, the love, the inspiration, the serendipity, and the tenderness that manifest in humanity. Seen in proportion, we can breathe a sigh of relief. We are basically OK.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: As a musician, Lanier has been active in the world of contemporary classical music, sometimes known as "new classical", since the late 1970s. He is a pianist and a specialist in many non-western musical instruments, especially the wind and string instruments of Asia. He maintains one of the largest and most varied collections of actively-played rare instruments in the world. Lanier has performed with artists as diverse as Philip Glass, Ornette Coleman, George Clinton, Vernon Reid, Terry Riley, Duncan Sheik, Pauline Oliveros, and Stanley Jordan. Recording projects include his acoustic techno duet with Sean Lennon and an album of duets with flutist Robert Dick.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier also writes chamber and orchestral music. Current commissions include an opera that will premiere in Busan, South Korea, and a symphony, "Symphony for Amelia", premiered by the Bach Festival Society Orchestra and Choir in Winter Park, Florida, in October 2010. Recent commissions include "Earthquake!" a ballet that premiered at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco in April 2006; "Little Shimmers" for the TroMetrik ensemble, which premiered at ODC in San Francisco in April 2006; "Daredevil" for the ArrayMusic chamber ensemble, which premiered in Toronto in 2006; A concert-length sequence of works for orchestra and virtual worlds (including "Canons for Wroclaw", "Khaenoncerto", "The Egg", and others) celebrating the 1000th birthday of the city of Wroclaw, Poland, premiered in 2000; A triple concerto, "The Navigator Tree", commissioned by the National Endowment for the Arts and the American Composers Forum, premiered in 2000; and "Mirror/Storm", a symphony commissioned by the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, which premiered in 1998. "Continental Harmony" was a PBS special that documented the development and premiere of "The Navigator Tree" won a CINE Golden Eagle Award.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In 1994, he released the contemporary classical music album "Instruments of Change" on POINT Music/Philips/PolyGram Records. The album has been described by Stephen Hill, on "The Crane Flies West 2" (episode 357) of Hearts of Space, as a Western exploration of Asian musical traditions. Lanier is currently working on a book, "Technology and the Future of the Human Soul", and a music album, "Proof of Consciousness", in collaboration with Mark Deutsch.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier's work with Asian instruments can be heard extensively on the soundtrack of "Three Seasons" (1999), which was the first film ever to win both the Audience and Grand Jury awards at the Sundance Film Festival. He and Mario Grigorov scored a film entitled "The Third Wave", which premiered at Sundance in 2007. He is working with Terry Riley on a collaborative opera to be entitled "Bastard, the First".


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier has also pioneered the use of Virtual Reality in musical stage performance with his band Chromatophoria, which has toured around the world as a headline act in venues such as the Montreux Jazz Festival. He plays virtual instruments and uses real instruments to guide events in virtual worlds. In October 2010, Lanier collaborated with Rollins College and John V. Sinclair's Bach Festival Choir and Orchestra for his Worldwide Premiere of "Symphony for Amelia".


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier contributed the afterword to "Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture" (MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller, a.k.a. DJ Spooky.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: On May 9, 1999, Lanier authored a "New York Times" opinion piece entitled "Piracy is Your Friend" in which he argued that the record labels were a much bigger threat to artists than piracy. The original article is no longer available, but an excerpt entitled "Making an Ally of Piracy" exists with the same date. The original article is quoted in a separate New York Times article by Neil Strauss, also with the same date. On November 20, 2007, he published a "mea culpa" sequel entitled "Pay Me for My Content", again in "The New York Times".


title: Jaron Lanier

text: Lanier has served on numerous advisory boards, including the Board of Councilors of the University of Southern California, Medical Media Systems (a medical visualization spin-off company associated with Dartmouth College), for the Microdisplay Corporation, and for NY3D (developers of auto stereo displays).


title: Jaron Lanier

text: In 1997, he was a founding member of the 'National Tele-Immersion Initiative', an effort devoted to using computer technology to give people who are separated by great distances the illusion that they are physically together. Lanier is a member of the Global Business Network, part of the Monitor Group.


title: Jaron Lanier

text: He has appeared in several documentaries, including the 1990 documentary "Cyberpunk", 1992 Danish television documentary "Computerbilleder – udfordring til virkeligheden" (in English: "Computer Pictures - A Challenge to Reality"), the 1995 documentary "Synthetic Pleasures", the 2004 television documentary "Rage Against the Machines," and the 2020 Netflix documentary "The Social Dilemma". Lanier was credited as one of the miscellaneous crew for the 2002 film "Minority Report". Lanier stated that his role was to help make up the gadgets and scenarios. Lanier has appeared on "The Colbert Report", "Charlie Rose", and "The Tavis Smiley Show". He appeared on ABC's "The View" during the final seven minutes of the show on 19 June 2018, promoting his book "Ten Arguments For Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now". He was a guest on the "Radiolab" podcast episode "The Cataclysm Sentence", released on 18 April 2020. Lanier was interviewed by Andrew Yang in the "Yang Speaks" podcast, episode entitled "Who owns your data? Jaron Lanier has the answer" on May 28, 2020. Lanier appeared on the Lex Fridman podcast on September 6th 2021 to talk about his views on AI, social media, VR and the future of humanity. He has had speaking engagments and presentations at Concordia University Wisconsin and University Temple United Methodist Church.