title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The Chrysler LeBaron, also known as the Imperial LeBaron, is a line of automobiles built by Chrysler from 1931-1941 and from 1955-1995. The model was introduced in 1931, with a body manufactured by LeBaron, and competed with other luxury cars of the era such as Lincoln and Packard. After purchasing LeBaron with its parent Briggs Manufacturing Company, Chrysler introduced the luxury make Imperial in 1955, and sold automobiles under the name Imperial LeBaron until 1975. Chrysler discontinued the Imperial brand in 1975, and reintroduced the Chrysler LeBaron in 1977 to what was then Chrysler's lowest priced model.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The last Chrysler LeBaron was produced in 1995, to be replaced with the Cirrus and Sebring. The LeBaron was one of Chrysler's longest running brands.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: LeBaron was one of the many prominent coachbuilders in the 1920s and 1930s to provide bodies for luxury cars. It was founded in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1920 by Thomas L. Hibbard and Raymond H. Dietrich. It was later purchased by Briggs Manufacturing Company of Detroit in 1926, the major manufacturer of bodies for Ford, Chrysler, Hudson, Packard and others, and operated as a Briggs specialist subsidiary.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: LeBaron supplied exquisite custom bodies for various car companies such as Chrysler's luxury Imperial line, Duesenberg, and Cadillac.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: LeBaron's last projects for Chrysler were the Chrysler Newport Phaeton, a super-streamlined dual cowl phaeton with an aluminum body and the remarkable 1941 Chrysler Thunderbolt, a sleek roadster with concealed headlights (like the 1936 Cord 810/812) and a retractable metal hardtop styled by Alex Tremulis, who would later style the legendary Tucker of 1948.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Two years after the Chrysler Corporation introduced the Imperial as a separate luxury division, LeBaron was designated the top-of-the-line Imperial models in 1957 through 1975.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The LeBarons started in the 1930s during the automobile's Classic era and competed directly with the luxury brands of its day such as Lincoln, Cadillac, and Packard. In the mid-1930s, Chrysler added a radical new "Art Deco" design shape, known as the Airflow Imperials, to the Chrysler line. The high-end CW series were supplied by LeBaron. The design features were considered advanced and perhaps ahead of their time. However, the shape was too radical for buyer's tastes and non-Airflow models outsold Airflows by about 3 to 1. Raymond Dietrich, co-founder and former stylist at LeBaron, was hired in 1932 to be Chrysler's in-house stylist. Dietrich restyled the Airflow line and Chryslers moved to more mainstream styles. As a result of the poor Airflow sales, Chrysler design actually became quite conservative for the next two decades. Auto manufacturers continued to build up their in-house styling departments and bodyworks, with the result that LeBaron became less important to most of its customers for design ideas and bodies. Toward the late 1930s, LeBaron/Briggs built more bodies for Chrysler and fewer bodies for Ford. Chrysler became their biggest customer, with additional bodies built for Packard, Hudson, and Graham-Paige. During the late 1930s and early 1940s, the LeBaron name and division became less important for Briggs, although it remained a division of Briggs until the Chrysler buy-out in 1953.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: LeBaron's last projects for Chrysler were two concept cars: the Chrysler Newport Phaeton, a super-streamlined dual cowl phaeton with an aluminum body and the remarkable 1941 Chrysler Thunderbolt, a sleek roadster with concealed headlights and a retractable metal hardtop styled by Alex Tremulis, who went on to later style part of the legendary Tucker of 1948. Only 6 of each were made.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The Chrysler Corporation spun off the Imperial as a separate luxury make and division in 1955. LeBaron was designated the top-of-the-line Imperial models from 1956 through 1975. These cars were "Imperials" and did "not" include the "Chrysler" nameplate. Vehicles branded "LeBaron" were the top model of the Imperial line, followed by the mid-line "Crown" and a short-lived nameless base model ("Custom" from 1960 until 1963); with "Southampton" being a sub-designation applied to all pillarless hardtops.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The Imperial LeBarons were made to compete directly with competitor's luxury brands that included Continental, Cadillac, and Packard, as was the case during the 1930s.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Although the LeBaron model name had been used before on Imperials, this was the first time the name was used as a Chrysler model. Introduced in spring 1977 as a late 1977 model in response to the Cadillac Seville and Lincoln Versailles, the cars used the Dodge Aspen platform (F-body), but with a different body shell known as the M-body, and their primary purpose was as a luxury version of the Aspen/Volaré. The initial 1977 models comprised coupes and sedans, with a Town & Country station wagon appearing for 1978 (using the nameplate formerly carried by full-sized C-body Chrysler wagons). The sedans and wagons, though considered M-bodies, were nearly identical to F-body Aspens and Volarés except for the hoods, trunk lids, and front and rear header panels.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The coupes differed more substantially; where the F-body models utilized a 108.7 inch wheelbase coupe, M-bodies (which included the Dodge Diplomat) used a unique coupe with styling evocative of the 1930s on the same 112.7 inch wheelbase as the sedans and wagons. Engines consisted of the 225-cid Slant Six, the 318 V8, and the 360 V8. Most were equipped with the 3-speed Torqueflite automatic transmission, but a four-speed manual gearbox with an overdrive fourth gear was offered with the two smaller engines until 1981.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: In 1979, the LeBaron was reskinned for the 1980 model year to gain more crisp sheet metal, gaining a waterfall grille which was an Imperial LeBaron feature that appeared in 1974, new headlight fascias, and more angular taillamps. The rear roofline was also made shorter and steeper. The 2-door coupe received new smooth rear sheetmetal, that replaced the old curved rear panels, and was moved to the 108.7 inch wheelbase. On the inside, enhancements were made to the interior to make it more luxurious. Also that year, a limited edition "Fifth Avenue" package was available on the 4-door sedan with an altered roofline and additional content; only 654 LeBarons were produced with this package, all converted by the American Sunroof Corporation.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: A police package was offered for 1981, after the demise of the Volaré, which was replaced by a new M-body Plymouth Gran Fury for 1982, keeping Chrysler-Plymouth dealers in the competition for law enforcement contracts.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The LeBaron model name was moved to the new front-wheel drive K-platform for the 1982 model year. The former M-body LeBaron sedan became the Chrysler New Yorker and could still be equipped with the Fifth Avenue package. The M-body wagons and coupes were discontinued after 1981. Chrysler's M-body sedan was ultimately renamed New Yorker Fifth Avenue for 1983 and then just Fifth Avenue starting in 1984. M-body Fifth Avenue production continued through 1989 little changed from the 1980-vintage LeBaron sedan.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: For 1982, the LeBaron moved to the front-wheel drive Chrysler K platform, where it was the upscale brand's lowest priced offering. It was initially available in just sedan and coupe versions. In early 1982, it was released in a convertible version, bringing to the market the first factory-built open-topped domestic vehicle since the 1976 Cadillac Eldorado.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: A station wagon version called the Town and Country was added as well. A special Town and Country convertible was also made from 1983 until 1986 with a 1,105 total produced, which like the wagon featured simulated wood paneling that made it resemble the original 1940s Town and Country. This model was part of the well-equipped Mark Cross option package for the latter years.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Despite being mechanically similar to the Aries and Reliant, its fascias closely resembled those of the larger E-body sedans. This generation featured Chrysler's Electronic Voice Alert, a computerized voice which warned drivers about various conditions with phrases such as "A door is ajar" or "Your engine oil pressure is low".


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The LeBaron was facelifted for 1986 receiving rounder front and rear ends to improve aerodynamics. The sedan's full vinyl roof was replaced by a landau padded top. The instrumentation cluster was revised from a rectangle speedometer and fuel gauge with a message center to round gauges similar to the Reliant/Aries but with a argent surround for a more upscale appearance. Coupes and convertibles were dropped for 1987, being replaced by the all-new J-body LeBaron released that year. The sedan and wagon continued with minor change until 1988. A new digital dashboard replaced the analog gauges for a more modern appearance. A larger LeBaron sedan based on the Dodge Spirit and Plymouth Acclaim would arrive for the 1990 model year.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The 1985 LeBaron GTS was a somewhat different car than the standard LeBaron and was based on the Chrysler H platform. It was available at the same time as the Cadillac Cimarron as a luxury-brand model, while offering a similar level of equipment to the small Cadillac. As a 5-door hatchback still derived from the K-car, the GTS (and the similar Dodge Lancer) was more of a performance vehicle than the softer-tuned K-car LeBaron sedan. In base configuration, the car was powered by Chrysler's 2.2 liter inline-4 engine, later replaced by a 2.5 L TBI version generating . A turbocharged 2.2 L engine producing was also available. The GTS moniker was dropped for 1989, the final year of this vehicle's production, after the K-based LeBaron sedan was discontinued after 1988.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: After some years of absence, Chrysler officially started offering some models under its own brand on the European market from April 1988 on. One of them was the "Chrysler GTS", which in fact was a rebadged version of the Dodge Lancer ES. Sales figures were moderate.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: After discontinuing the first generation LeBaron coupe and convertible in 1986, Chrysler released a new LeBaron for 1987, built on the J platform (a K platform derivative) and available as a coupe or convertible. The all-new LeBaron looked modern and aerodynamic compared to its boxy predecessor and was quite stylish for its day, featuring headlights hidden behind retractable metal covers and a waterfall grille, steeply raked windshield, full-width taillight lenses though only the edges actually lit up, and curved (Coke bottle) style rocker panels. The LeBaron was equipped with a trip & fuel economy computer and full instrumentation. In Mexico, these models were marketed as the Chrysler Phantom. The available engines were the stock 2.2-liter and 2.5-liter, naturally aspirated or turbocharged, and for the 1990 model year, a 3.0-liter Mitsubishi V6 became available, although the Mexican Chrysler Phantom R/T DOHC 16V also offered the same 2.2-liter turbo engine as used in the U.S. market Dodge Spirit R/T.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: For 1990, the LeBaron's interior was refreshed, featuring an all new dashboard, gauge cluster, door panels, and center console design. All of the new components were designed to be smoother and more flowing than the comparatively boxy 1987-89 interior style, making it more in tune with the "aero" revolution of the early 1990s. The 1992 LeBaron coupes and convertibles could be ordered with a new "sport package", which featured a monochrome appearance including body-colored grille, accent stripe, and decklid logo. The package also included 14-inch "lace" style wheelcovers and a black strip below the taillights in place of chrome, with special blacked-out window moldings on coupe models.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: In 1992 for the 1993 model year, the LeBaron received a slight facelift. The hidden headlamps of the 1987-1992 models were deleted in favor of less costly flush-mounted replaceable-bulb headlamps, new wheel styles were made available, and all models got the amber rear turn signals introduced on the deluxe 1992 models. For 1994, a passenger side airbag became standard on all models. Also new for 1994 was the "Bright LX" decor package which included a "bright" chrome grille, "bright" chrome badging, and "bright" chrome molding inserts, as opposed to being body-colored on the GTC.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The available engines were a naturally aspirated 2.5 L and a turbocharged 2.2 and 2.5 L versions of Chrysler's inline-four, and the 3.0 L Mitsubishi V6 making a in this application. The turbocharged engines were dropped from the lineup in 1992 for the 1993 model year. The coupe was discontinued after 1993. In 1994 the 3.0 was the only available engine. The convertible was discontinued after 1995, to make way for the new Chrysler Sebring coupes and convertibles, for 1995 and 1996 respectively.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Throughout its lifetime, the LeBaron convertible/coupe was available in many trim levels. For its first year, the LeBaron was available in "Highline" and "Premium", typical Chrysler trims at the time. The number of trims grew, peaking in 1990, with six available. After that, the number decreased until just two trim levels remained for 1995.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Several ARCA (one tier down from "NASCAR" cup racing) teams built "LeBaron" based race cars (supported by a revitalized "Chrysler" Direct Connection performance parts division) and ran them from 1988 until 1998.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The last LeBaron sedan was built on the front wheel drive AA platform, another K derivative, as junior level sedan to the more upscale New Yorker. It offered rebadged versions under the Dodge Spirit and Plymouth Acclaim nameplates, and the three differed mostly in detail and trim choices, as well as the European Chrysler Saratoga.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Theoretically, as historically was the case in this era whenever Chrysler, Dodge, and Plymouth shared direct model variants, the Acclaim was supposed to be the more mainstream version, while the Spirit was the sportier version, and the LeBaron was the luxury version, reflecting the Chrysler brand's flagship status. In reality, however, there was considerable overlap amongst the three in available trim, equipment and features. The top-line LeBaron Landau model offered a padded vinyl half-roof with smaller "formal" backlight. All LeBaron sedans came with a standard driver's side airbag, and could seat up to six passengers.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: For 1992, the LeBaron sedan was split into three trim levels: base, LX and Landau. The new entry model eliminated the previously standard V6 engine and landau vinyl roof while the Landau model still included the landau roof as standard. The LX, available one year only, offered standard V6 but no landau roof. For 1993, the LeBaron sedan received new rear lights, which incorporated the reversing lamps previously located in the bumper fascia and the lineup was reduced to two trim levels with the entry model now labeled LE. The LeBaron sedan was discontinued on May 18, 1994 while the Dodge Spirit and Plymouth Acclaim continued production until December 21, 1994. The Chrysler LeBaron was replaced by the "Cloud Car" Chrysler Cirrus.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: In 1994, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration rated the LeBaron a 4 out of 5 for driver side and a 3 out of 5 for passenger side frontal impact occupant protection.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: M and K-platform cars were assembled in the Toluca, Mexico facility. The M-platform LeBaron was sold in Mexico from the 1977 to the 1982 model years. The K-car LeBaron was also produced in Toluca and was sold for the 1983 through 1987 model years. There were no K-platform convertibles offered from the factory.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: Chrysler Phantom was the Mexican-market version of the J-Body LeBaron Coupe. There were no convertibles of the J-body 2-door for the Mexican market. Phantoms were Chrysler's top-of-the-line model in Mexico and generally sold with a higher trim level than their United States counterparts; the Phantom was also only ever available with the more powerful, turbocharged engines. Chrysler Phantoms were marketed from 1987 until 1994, with the first cars delivered in December 1986. A more powerful R/T version (similar to the American LeBaron GTC but using a higher-tuned turbo engine) was also available in 1992 and 1993. The Phantom R/T originally received the 2.5-liter Turbo II engine, coupled to a three-speed automatic, but this was quickly changed to the Turbo III engine with a five-speed Getrag manual transmission.


title: Chrysler LeBaron

text: The Mexican AA-body Chrysler LeBaron 4-door sedan was called the New Yorker (all of them with Landau roof), and the "K" body (slightly shorter) was reserved for the 4-door LeBaron's, which were sold in two trim levels, one with Landau roof and leather, and the other one without those two options.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: West Lafayette () is a city in Wabash Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, about northwest of the state capital of Indianapolis and southeast of Chicago. West Lafayette is directly across the Wabash River from its sister city, Lafayette. As of the 2020 census, its population was 44,595. It is the most densely populated city in Indiana and is home to Purdue University.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: Augustus Wylie laid out a town in 1836 in the Wabash River floodplain south of the present Levee. Due to regular flooding of the site, Wylie's town was never built. The present city was formed in 1888 by the merger of the adjacent suburban towns of Chauncey, Oakwood, and Kingston, located on a bluff across the Wabash River from Lafayette, Indiana. The three towns had been small suburban villages which were directly adjacent to one another. Kingston was laid out in 1855 by Jesse B. Lutz. Chauncey was platted in 1860 by the Chauncey family of Philadelphia, wealthy land speculators. Chauncey and Kingston formed a municipal government in 1866 which selected the name "Chauncey".


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The new town of Chauncey remained a small suburban village until Purdue University opened in 1869. In 1871 Chauncey voted to be annexed by Lafayette because it was unable to provide the infrastructure (such as improved streets, waterworks, police and fire protection). Lafayette voted against annexing Chauncey because of the high cost of the many improvements that the village lacked. In May 1888, the town of Chauncey voted to change its name to West Lafayette after a petition signed by 152 electors. By that time, the growth of the university was fueling the growth of the little town. The address of Purdue University was given as "Lafayette, Indiana" until well into the twentieth century. West Lafayette never gained a railroad depot and lagged several years behind Lafayette in the establishment of municipal infrastructure and services. Today, West Lafayette has established itself as a separate city, with independent services and unique neighborhoods distinct from those of its sister city, Lafayette.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: In November 2013, the City of West Lafayette approved an annexation that placed much of the Purdue University academic campus and residence hall system within the official boundaries of the municipality for the first time. This expansion also included a large section of the US Highway 231 corridor that was previously part of unincorporated Tippecanoe County.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity House, Jesse Andrew House, Chauncey-Stadium Avenues Historic District, John E. and Catherine E. Christian House, Curtis-Grace House, Happy Hollow Heights Historic District, Hills and Dales Historic District, Morton School, and The Varsity are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: West Lafayette lies in central Tippecanoe County and overlooks the Wabash River, which borders the city on the east and south. Most of the city lies in eastern Wabash Township, though a small portion on the northeast side extends into Tippecanoe Township. Elevations range from slightly over near the river to more than in northern parts of the city near U.S. Route 52.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: According to the 2010 census, West Lafayette has a total area of , of which (or 99.87%) is land and (or 0.13%) is water.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 29,796 people, 11,945 households, and 4,072 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 12,591 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 60.2% White, 9.8% African American, 0.1% Native American, 17.3% Asian, 1.9% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.6% of the population.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: There were 11,945 households, of which, 16.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.2% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 65.9% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.92.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The median age in the city was 22.8 years. 11.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 49.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.4% were from 25 to 44; 11.7% were from 45 to 64; and 8.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.2% male and 45.8% female.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: Following the 2010 census, West Lafayette annexed additional territory including the Purdue University main campus. The census bureau released an updated report to reflect the boundary updates. The census now reports 14,053 households and a population of 44,910.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 28,778 people, 10,462 households, and 3,588 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 10,819 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 69.3% White, 13.3% Asian, 8.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.2% of the population.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: There were 10,462 households, out of which 14.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.6% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 65.7% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.89.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 10.4% under the age of 18, 54.6% from 18 to 24, 16.9% from 25 to 44, 10.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 133.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 137.2 males.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The median income for a household in the city was $24,869, and the median income for a family was $51,510.The per capita income for the city was $18,337. About 22.5% of families and 38.3% of the population were below the poverty line.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The nine-member Common Council holds the city's legislative authority and makes the laws through ordinances, orders, resolutions and motions. The city is divided into 6 districts, and the Common Council consists of one council member from each district, plus three at-large council members. Elected by the council members, the president of the Common Council presides over the council meetings and is first in the line of succession should the mayor not finish his or her term of office.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: All city elected officials have a term of office of four years with no limit on the number of terms. Regular elections for all offices are held at the same time in the odd year preceding the presidential election year.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: West Lafayette is the home of Purdue University's main campus, with an enrollment of over 40,000 students.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The West Lafayette Community School Corporation administers three schools. The school district is not coterminous with the municipality; areas annexed by the city after 2000 continue to be served by county schools. Students attend West Lafayette Elementary School (formerly Cumberland Elementary School) through third grade, while students in grades 4–6 attend West Lafayette Intermediate School. Students in the 7th grade and above attend West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School. The West Lafayette Community School Corporation is a top rated, public school district with numerous accolades.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The Seventh-day Adventist Church operates Pleasantview SDA School which offers courses for grades K–8, and the Montessori School of Greater Lafayette teaches K–6. There are other schools, both public and private, that have a West Lafayette address, but these are actually located outside the city limits.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: Approximately 77% of West Lafayette's population age 25 or older hold a bachelor's degree or higher according to the U.S. Census 2005–2007 American Community Survey. The city ranks sixth highest on this measure among U.S. municipalities between 20,000 and 65,000 population.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: In addition, the Tippecanoe School Corporation and Lafayette School Corporation operate public schools outside the West Lafayette city limits. There is also a variety of private schools in Lafayette and an Ivy Tech Community College branch.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The town has a lending library, the West Lafayette Public Library. There is also a branch of the county-run library (Tippecanoe County Public Library) in the Klondike area to the west of the city.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The economy of West Lafayette is heavily influenced by the presence of Purdue University, with an enrollment of over 50,000, more than the city's population. The university employs 12,000 people, most of whom live in either West Lafayette or Lafayette.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: The Purdue Research Park, established in 1961, is home to more than 140 companies of which nearly 100 are technology related. As of 2009, these companies employ more than 3,000. The Park offers communications infrastructure, research facilities, a business incubation complex to help start-up firms and scenic walking trails and lakes. It is one of the largest university-affiliated research parks in the United States. The Purdue Research Park is owned by Purdue Research Foundation, the University's non-profit funding and technology licensing arm.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: Commercial activities, however, take place mostly across the river in Lafayette. The largest commercial area in West Lafayette is the Wabash Landing/Levee area, which has become a thriving urban-type district since the entire area was reconstructed and the Pedestrian Bridge to Lafayette replaced the old State Street bridge. The Levee features Wabash Landing, a complex containing shops, restaurants, coffee houses, a 9-screen movie theater, a Hilton Garden Inn, and the Riverside Skating Center.


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: West Lafayette residents use many of the news and media outlets located in its twin city of Lafayette. Media located in West Lafayette proper include:


title: West Lafayette, Indiana

text: Public transportation in West Lafayette is managed by the Greater Lafayette Public Transportation Corporation.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Treasure Island ( "Ostrov Sokrovishch", "Ostriv Skarbiv", ) is a Soviet two-part live-action/animated adventure comedy television film based on the 1883 novel with the same name by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was created by order of the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company by the studio Kyivnaukfilm. The film is mostly traditional animation with some live action sequences, which are largely but not entirely separate.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: The first part, "Captain Flint's Map", aired in 1986 and the second, "Captain Flint's Treasure", in 1988, after which they were always shown together. The film attained a cult classic status almost immediately after release and has won the following awards: Grand Prize in Minsk, 1987; Grand Prize in Kyiv, 1989; 1st Prize on International Cinema Festival of Television films in Czechoslovakia.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: A recut American version called "The Return to Treasure Island" was released direct-to-video in 1992. This version of the film is 34 minutes shorter (episodes with living actors were completely removed) than the Soviet version.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Throughout the movie, characters are shown bios via introduction cards, which among other traits label them as "not married". Live-action songs are also played after certain scenes to present the audiences with morals about drugs and exercise.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: In live-action, Captain Flint, bearing a map of Treasure Island, defends himself from pirates who want to take it from him. He is soon killed, to which an animated Billy Bones takes the map.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Bones, who constantly drinks rum, arrives at the Admiral Benbow Inn on a stormy night and asks the innkeeper's son Jim Hawkins to let him know if he sees an old one-legged sailor, not knowing that a group of pirates is spying on them. The next day, they are visited by Bones's former shipmate Black Dog, who wants Bones to give him his map. Bones refuses, and a fight ensues. After Black Dog flees, Bones suffers a stroke. Dr. Livesey arrives and cheerfully examines him and warns that if he keeps drinking rum, he will die. They are later visited by a blind pirate known as Blind Pew, who gives Bones a black spot. Bones panics and soon dies of apoplexy. Jim takes his map.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Blind Pew leads the group of spying pirates on a raid of the inn. Jim flees, and as the pirates do so too, Blind Pew accidentally falls into a barrel and rolls off a cliffside, falling to his death. Jim goes to Dr. Livesey's home, where he tells him and Squire Trelawney of what had happened and presents them with the map. Trelawney decides to assemble a hunt for the treasure, and the three travel to Bristol. At the Spyglass Inn, Jim gets into a fight with a hostile pirate before they are interrupted by the inn's owner, Long John Silver, who offers to bring his ship, the Hispaniola, and his crew on their treasure hunt.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Under the lead of Captain Smollett, the crew heads for the island. Jim overhears a gathering of Silver and his crew and finds out that he was Captain Flint's right-hand man and that they plan to betray the rest of the crew for the treasure.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Jim sneaks back to Livesey and Trelawney to inform them of Silver's plan. Smollett proposes they play dumb for the time being, but they don't see that one of the pirates has spied on them and tells Silver that they know of their plans.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: The next day, Treasure Island appears in the distance. Jim steals a rowboat and quickly rows there himself, with Silver and some men going after him. While hiding from them, he meets Ben Gunn, a former member of Flint's crew. He reveals that he and the rest of Flint's men were the ones who killed Flint after they decided to betray him for the treasure. Three years later, Ben led the other men on a search for Flint's treasure, but they found nothing and the crew left him marooned on the island. He agrees to help Jim and his friends find the treasure.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: On the ship, Livesey examines the island with his telescope and sees Jim, Silver's crew, and an abandoned fortress. He, Trelawney, and Smollett steal a rowboat and head for the island, evading the pirates' cannon fire, and take refuge in the fort. Silver is informed of this and demands they surrender, but they refuse. A shootout ensues, and Jim and his allies ultimately win when Trelawney uses a fake cutout of a bar to trick the pirates into falling off a cliff.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: That night, Ben and Livesey find the treasure together. Jim sneaks onto Silver's ship and fights Israel Hands before going back to the fort, where he is ultimately captured. Silver tells him that Livesey gave him the map and left with Smollett and Trelawney. They find the spot of the buried treasure in accordance to the map, but the treasure is not there due to Livesey and Ben having already taken it and the spot is actually a trap set up by Livesey, Smollett, and Trelawney. Livesey examines the pirates and tells them that their smoking is damaging their health, to which they drop dead. With Silver captured, his pirates defeated, and the treasure taken, the crew sets sail back to England.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: The film ends with a showing of some of the animated main characters alongside their voice actors in live-action. After the credits, the live-action pirate crew finds the hidden treasure and opens it, only to find a spring-loaded sign saying the end.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: Treasure Island was a product of collaboration of two very well known people in the USSR: David Cherkassky, a director, who, at the time of inception, produced a number of very popular cartoons, and Radna Sakhaltuev, a cartoonist, who had a long and fruitful history of collaboration with Cherkassky, as well as a history of being a cartoonist for a number of satirical magazines in Kyiv, where he became well known for his distinctive style. Their previous collaborations yielded fruitful results, including the cartoons about the "Adventures of Captain Wrongel" (from a Russian "tall tales of the sea" kind of book) and "Doctor Aybolit" (a more children-centric cartoon). This built the duo a reputation that allowed some extra freedom during their future work, and this was fully exploited for the Treasure Island adaptation, which was very liberal as far as Soviet cartoons went.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: A distinctive feature of the cartoon was the inclusion of live action "musical pauses" - songs performed by live actors that explained, for example, why it is a bad idea to drink alcohol or smoke, or why Jim Hawkins defeats all the pirates he meets (because he does exercises every morning). These scenes were added to help meet the deadline for the cartoon and were filmed at night.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: While the subject matter was taken almost literally at times (the cartoon often quotes the original novel line-by-line), the approach towards screen adaptation was very lighthearted, as pirates were quite a distant reality for the Soviet Union. The pirates play obviously goofy roles, and the whole approach to violence is very cartoonish. The movie drew controversy in 2012 as Russia implemented a new law prohibiting showing movies that have scenes of alcohol consumption and smoking to minors. The film uses scenes of rum drinking and smoking among pirates excessively; but, at the same time, it stressed that because the villains had bad habits of drinking and smoking, while the heroes didn't, the heroes always won against all odds, as they were healthier. A public outcry over the fate of such beloved childhood classics as "Treasure Island" resulted in an adoption of a special exception that allowed the screening of "movies that have significant historical and cultural value", including "Treasure Island", to be exempt from the law. The cartoon parodied a number of pre-1970's US cartoons, as well as a few Russian movies.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: While the movie was shot in the USSR, because the home base for the animation studio behind the film was Kyiv, it features not so many actors of Soviet-wide fame in the voice cast; however, many people involved in voicing the parts of the cartoon were quite famous in Kyiv as theater actors, even though this recognition didn't necessarily translate to Soviet-wide fame.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: On 16 March 2006 the Russian DVD by Krupny Plan (Region 0) contains the original Russian edit of the film with restored images and a Dolby Digital 5.1 sound mix (as well as with the original mono sound). This version contains no bonus material, no subtitles and is Russian only.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: In 2005 an export version of the Russian edit of the film by RUSCICO (Region 0) is available under the title "Treasure Island". This version contains Russian (5.1 and 1.0), English and French (5.1 with one voice voiceover translation) soundtracks as well as several subtitle languages (English, French, German, Italian and Spanish). The picture was not restored for this edition. As a bonus feature, there are text infos about David Cherkassky.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: The US direct-to-video cut from 1992 was published in USA under the title "Return to Treasure Island" on DVD (Region 1). The picture was not restored. However, the English audio has been remastered in 5.1. This edit of the film does not contain any Russian audio. The VHS edition was distributed by Video Treasures.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: In 2005, Ukrainian game development studio Action Forms made the official quest PC game "Treasure Island". Director of the film David Cherkassky, as well as the original voice cast members Yevhen Paperny and Viktor Andriyenko and the animators and artists of former Kievnauchfilm, participated in development of the game.


title: Treasure Island (1988 film)

text: In August 2022, the character Dr. Livesey became the subject of an international internet meme, in which his confident gait is set to the phonk track "Why Not" by Ghostface Playa.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Aloha Stadium is a closed multi-purpose stadium located in Halawa, Hawaii, a western suburb of Honolulu (though with a Honolulu address). It is the largest stadium in the state of Hawaii. , the stadium ceased fan-attended operations indefinitely, and placed a moratorium on the scheduling of new events.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Aloha Stadium served as home to the University of Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team (Mountain West Conference, NCAA Division I FBS) for the 1975 through 2020 seasons. It also hosted college football's Hawaii Bowl (2002–2019) and Hula Bowl (1976–1997, 2006–2008, 2020–2021), and formerly was home to the National Football League's Pro Bowl from 1980 through 2016 (except in 2010 and 2015). It also hosted numerous high school football games, and served as a venue for large concerts and events, including high school graduation ceremonies. The stadium was home field for the AAA Hawaii Islanders of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) from 1975 to 1987, before the team moved to Colorado Springs. Frequent swap meets in the stadium's parking lot often draw large crowds.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Before 1975, Honolulu's main outdoor stadium had been Honolulu Stadium, a wooden stadium on King Street. However, it had reached the end of its useful life by the 1960s, and was well below the standards for Triple-A baseball. The need for a new stadium was hastened by the move of the Hawaii Rainbows football program to NCAA Division I. Located west of downtown Honolulu and north of Honolulu International Airport, Aloha Stadium was constructed in 1975 at a cost of $37 million. Constructed of steel, the stadium was nicknamed the "Metal Mecca". The baseball field is aligned north-northwest (home plate to centerfield), as is the football field.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The first sporting event at Aloha Stadium was a college football game between Hawaii and Texas A&I (now Texas A&M-Kingsville) on September 13, 1975. Played on Saturday night, the crowd was 32,247, and the visitors prevailed,


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The final sporting event held in Aloha Stadium was the 2021 Hula Bowl. The last points scored at Aloha Stadium were a “pick 6” touchdown scored by Carlo Kemp of the University of Michigan.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The stadium was somewhat problematic for its initial primary tenant, the minor league baseball Hawaii Islanders. Located in west-central Oahu, it was far from the team's fan base, and many were unwilling to make the drive. Additionally, while local public transportation (TheBus) stopped at the main gate of Honolulu Stadium, the stop for Aloha Stadium was located some distance from the gate. As a result, attendance plummeted and never really recovered—a major factor in the franchise's ultimate move to the mainland.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Additionally, stadium management initially refused to allow the use of metal spikes on the AstroTurf. During a game in early May 1976, the starting pitcher for the Tacoma Twins, Bill Butler, wore metal spikes to comply with a directive from Tacoma's parent club. In response, stadium management turned off the center field lights, and after 35 minutes, umpires forfeited the game to the Twins. The Islanders protested, claiming they had no control over the lights. However, the Pacific Coast League (PCL) sided with the Twins, citing a league rule that the home team is responsible for providing acceptable playing facilities. After the teams ended the season in a tie for first in the PCL's Western Division, Hawaii won a one-game playoff in Tacoma.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: As originally built, Aloha Stadium had various configurations for different sport venues and other purposes. Four movable 7,000-seat sections, each could move using air casters into a diamond configuration for baseball (also used for soccer), an oval for football, or a triangle for concerts. In January 2007, the stadium was permanently locked into its football configuration due to cost and maintenance issues. An engineer from Rolair Systems, the NASA spin-off company that engineered the system, claims that the problem was caused by a concrete contractor that ignored specifications for the concrete pads under the stadium.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: There have been numerous discussions with Hawaii lawmakers who are concerned with the physical condition of the stadium. There are several issues regarding rusting of the facility, several hundred seats that need to be replaced, and restroom facilities that need to be expanded to accommodate more patrons. Much of the rust is due to building the stadium with weathering steel. It was intended to create a protective patina that would eliminate the need for painting. However, the designers did not reckon with Honolulu's ocean-salt laden climate. As a result, the steel has never stopped rusting.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: A 2005 study by Honolulu engineering firm Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. determined that the stadium required $99 million to be completely restored and an additional $115 million for ongoing maintenance and refurbishment over the next 20 years to extend its useful life. In early 2007, the state legislature proposed to spend $300 million to build a new facility as opposed to spending approximately $216 million to extend the life of Aloha Stadium for another years. The new stadium may also be used to attempt to lure a Super Bowl to Hawaii in the future.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: One council member said that if immediate repairs are not made within the next seven years, then the stadium would probably have to be demolished due to safety concerns. In May 2007, the state allotted $12.4 million to be used towards removing corrosion and rust from the structure.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In 2003, the stadium surface was changed from AstroTurf (which had been in place since the stadium opened) to FieldTurf. In July 2011, the field was replaced with an Act Global UBU Sports Speed S5-M synthetic turf system.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In 2008, the state of Hawaii approved the bill of $185 million to refurbish the aging Aloha Stadium. In 2010, Aloha Stadium completely retrofitted its scoreboard and video screen to be more up to date with its high definition capability. The Aloha Stadium Authority planned to add more luxury suites, replacing all seats, rusting treatments, parking lots, more restrooms, pedestrian bridge supports, an enclosed lounge, and more. There was also a proposal that would have enclosed the four openings in the corners of the stadium to add more seats.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In 2011, the playing field was refurbished in part due to a naming rights sponsorship from Hawaiian Airlines. As a result of the sponsorship deal, the field was referred to as Hawaiian Airlines Field at Aloha Stadium. The airline did not renew sponsorship after the deal expired in 2016. As a result, the field went unnamed until late August, when Hawaiian Tel Federal Credit Union signed a three-year $275,000 agreement. As of 2016, the field was known as Hawaiian Tel Federal Credit Union Field at Aloha Stadium.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In early 2017, there was a study in the "Honolulu Star-Advertiser" about replacing Aloha Stadium due to safety concerns and a liability risk. The plan is to build a smaller 30,000 seat stadium on the existing property and also build commercial development around the stadium. In theory, it would save the state millions of dollars instead of renovating and keep the existing stadium as it is.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In July 2019, Governor of Hawaii David Ige signed Act 268 into law, appropriating $350 million for an Aloha Stadium redevelopment project. The funds will go toward the construction of a new stadium and land development, including a mixed-use sports and entertainment complex.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: A December 17, 2020, announcement by the Aloha Stadium Authority stated that the stadium would be ceasing fan-attended operations indefinitely. The closure was related to financial issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The stadium, built in 1975, was also plagued by maintenance issues in recent years. A 2019 story from the "Honolulu Star-Advertiser" noted that the stadium needed $30 million in repairs. KHON-TV reported that the stadium would be condemned and was deemed unsafe to hold any crowds at all. The scheduling of new events was also halted. In January 2021, the University of Hawaii announced that the Rainbow Warriors football team would play their home games on campus "for at least the next three years".


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The New Aloha Stadium is a proposed 35,000-seat multi-purpose stadium to be built in Halawa, Hawaii, for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football program, with demolition of the old stadium expected to begin in early 2023. The area around the stadium will also include entertainment venues, retail stores, restaurants, housing, hotels, recreational sites, cultural amenities, and green space. It will replace, and be constructed on the site of, the current Aloha Stadium.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Aloha Stadium served as the home field of the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors college football program, representing the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, from 1975 through 2020.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The Hula Bowl, a college football all-star game, was first played at the stadium in January 1976 and returned to the stadium annually through 1997. It was again held at Aloha Stadium in 2006–2008 and 2020–2021. The 2021 Hula Bowl was the last football game held at the facility before the halting of new events.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Three team-competitive college football bowl games were held annually at the stadium: the Aloha Bowl (1982–2000), Oahu Bowl (1998–2000), and Hawaii Bowl (2002–2019). The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors appeared in the Hawaii Bowl nine times and the other two bowl games once each.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Starting in September 1975, the stadium was home to the World Football League's Hawaiians who played their last four home games there. The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers played an NFL preseason game at Aloha Stadium on August 21, 1976. In August 2019, the NFL returned to the stadium with a preseason game between the Los Angeles Rams and Dallas Cowboys.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The National Football League's all-star game, the Pro Bowl, was held annually at the stadium from 1980 through 2016, except in 2010 and 2015.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The stadium served as the home field for the Hawaii Islanders, a Triple-A team competing in the Pacific Coast League, from 1976 to 1987.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In , a three-game regular season series between St. Louis Cardinals and San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB) was held at the stadium. Called the Padres Paradise Series, the series was played as a doubleheader on April 19 and a nationally broadcast (ESPN) game on April 20. In 1979, the Padres had played a three-game preseason series against the Seibu Lions of Japan's Pacific League at the stadium.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: On April 7, 1976, the Aloha Soccer Festival triple-header was held at the stadium. In the feature match, Pele scored four goals as his New York Cosmos defeated Japan, 5-0, in front of a crowd of 21,705. (In the other matches, the NASL's San Diego Jaws routed the Hawaii All-Stars, 6-0, while the Philippines edged Taiwan, 1-0.)


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Encouraged by the tournament's success, the San Antonio Thunder became Team Hawaii in 1977, bringing the NASL to the Aloha State. Pele and the Cosmos returned on April 13, 1977, as 12,877 watched New York defeat Hawaii, 2-1. (None of Team Hawaii's other twelve home games drew even half of that; they managed only 4,543 per game for the season, and moved to Tulsa in 1978.)


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Aloha Stadium hosted the inaugural Pan-Pacific Championship (February 20–23, 2008), a knockout soccer tournament, involving four teams from Japan's J-League, North America's Major League Soccer (MLS) and Australia/New Zealand's A-League. The 2012 Hawaiian Islands Invitational was also held at the venue.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: The United States women's national soccer team was scheduled to play a game against Trinidad and Tobago as part of their World Cup Winning Victory Tour at the stadium on December 6, 2015; however, the game was canceled the day before gameday due to concerns over the turf being unsafe to play on.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: On June 2, 2013, the stadium played host to a rugby league test match where Samoa defeated the USA 34–10.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: In June, the Brisbane Broncos from the Australasian-based National Rugby League (NRL) competition organized for a rugby league match to be played at Aloha Stadium against NRL rivals Penrith Panthers later in 2015. However, in September the NRL blocked the idea and the game didn't go ahead.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: As of mid-2020, Kanaloa Hawai’i, a proposed Major League Rugby team, was planned to be based at Aloha Stadium.


title: Aloha Stadium

text: Aloha Stadium is also the venue for five public high school graduation ceremonies: Radford High School, Mililani High School, Aiea High School, James Campbell High School, and Pearl City High School.


title: Nate McMillan

text: Nathaniel McMillan (born August 3, 1964) is an American basketball coach and former player who serves as head coach of the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He coached the Seattle SuperSonics from 2000 to 2005, the Portland Trail Blazers from 2005 to 2012, and the Indiana Pacers from 2016 to 2020. He spent his entire 12-year NBA playing career with the SuperSonics, then served as an assistant coach for one-and-a-half years and as head coach for almost five years. His long tenure as a player and coach in Seattle earned him the nickname "Mr. Sonic".


title: Nate McMillan

text: McMillan grew up in the heart of North Carolina's basketball country and attended Raleigh's William G. Enloe High School, where he went unnoticed by major college scouts. After playing for two years at Chowan College (then a two-year school) in Murfreesboro, North Carolina, he returned to Raleigh to play for Jim Valvano at North Carolina State. McMillan helped lead NC State to a first-place tie in the Atlantic Coast Conference regular season in 1985, and to the Elite Eight in both the 1985 and 1986 NCAA Championship Tournaments, where the Wolfpack lost to St. John's and Kansas, respectively. During his time at NC State, McMillan played alongside a number of fellow future NBA players: Spud Webb, Lorenzo Charles, Cozell McQueen, Chris Washburn, Vinny Del Negro, Charles Shackleford, and Chucky Brown.


title: Nate McMillan

text: McMillan was drafted by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 30th pick in the 1986 NBA draft. He spent his entire NBA career in Seattle. During his 12-year playing career, McMillan put up career averages of 5.9 points, 6.1 assists and 1.9 steals. He still shares (with Ernie DiGregorio) the NBA rookie record for assists in a single game with 25. McMillan served as the primary starting point guard for the SuperSonics from the time he replaced Danny Young midway through the 1986-87 season, until he was replaced at the start of the 1990-91 season by future NBA Hall of Famer Gary Payton, then a rookie and the number two pick in the 1990 draft. McMillan was known for his superb defense, leading the NBA in steals per game for the 1993–94 season and being named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team for the 1993–94 and 1994–95 seasons. McMillan was also known for his balanced play, which led to four career triple-doubles.


title: Nate McMillan

text: In the 1995–96 season, McMillan helped the SuperSonics reach the NBA Finals against the Michael Jordan-led Chicago Bulls. The SuperSonics were the only team to beat the Bulls three times that season (once in the regular season and twice in the playoffs).


title: Nate McMillan

text: Known as "Mr. Sonic" for his 19 years of service to the team, his number 10 jersey was retired by the SuperSonics. He was also known to be one third of the "Big Mac" trio of the SuperSonics in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the others being Xavier McDaniel and Derrick McKey.


title: Nate McMillan

text: After retiring in 1998, McMillan stayed in Seattle as an assistant under Paul Westphal. He held this role until 2000 when the Sonics fired Westphal and made McMillan interim coach. Although the team missed the playoffs during his first year, he earned a winning record of 38–29 as interim head coach. He was hired as head coach for the 2001–02 campaign and led the club to the playoffs.


title: Nate McMillan

text: McMillan's Sonics had mediocre records the next two years, going 40–42 and 37–45. In the 2004–05 season, he led the team to 52–30 record in the regular season. The team advanced to the Western Conference Semifinals, where they lost to the San Antonio Spurs.


title: Nate McMillan

text: After spending 19 years in Seattle as a player and coach, McMillan left Seattle on July 6, 2005, to become the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers. He took over a team riddled with cap problems and off-the-court drama, but steadily calmed the waters in Portland. His hard-nosed coaching style earned him the nickname "Sarge." On December 5, 2009, McMillan ruptured his right Achilles tendon while scrimmaging with the Trail Blazers during practice. He coached much of the season in a protective boot after surgery and led the team to 50 wins in spite of a historic number of injuries to his key players. McMillan coached the Blazers until March 15, 2012.


title: Nate McMillan

text: On July 1, 2013, McMillan was hired by the Indiana Pacers as an assistant coach for the 2013–14 season. He replaced Brian Shaw, who accepted the head coaching position with the Denver Nuggets. In May 2016, after former head coach Frank Vogel's contract was not extended, McMillan was promoted to replace Vogel as the Pacers' coach. In McMillan's first year as head coach, the team experienced turmoil surrounding the displeasure and eventual departure of All-Star Paul George, who was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in June 2017. Despite this drama, the Pacers made the playoffs in all four of McMillan's seasons with the team, including three straight years without George. This was due largely to the emergence of the two players for whom he was traded, Victor Oladipo, who won the league's award for Most Improved Player in 2017 and was named to his first All-Star team in 2018, and Domantas Sabonis, who would also become an All-Star two years later in 2019. On August 12, 2020, Indiana announced that they had extended McMillan's contract. However, he was then fired a mere two weeks later, on August 26, 2020, after the Pacers were swept in the first round of the playoffs for the second year in a row, the fourth first round exit and third first round sweep in four playoff appearances under McMillan.


title: Nate McMillan

text: On November 11, 2020, the Atlanta Hawks hired McMillan as an assistant coach under Lloyd Pierce. On March 1, 2021, McMillan was named interim head coach after the firing of Pierce. Following McMillan's promotion, Atlanta promptly went on an eight-game winning streak, begun with a victory over the defending Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat on March 2, 2021, and capped off by a win over the defending NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers on March 20, 2021. The Hawks finished the season 27-11 under McMillan's leadership, ending a four-year playoff drought and earning the fifth seed in the Eastern Conference. Atlanta's success continued on into the playoffs. They beat the fourth-seeded New York Knicks in five games, and continued their improbable run by upsetting the top-seeded Philadelphia 76ers in a hard-fought seven-game series. With that series win, the Hawks made it to the Eastern Conference Finals, only the second time in 54 years they have advanced past the second round. There they faced the third-seeded Milwaukee Bucks, led by two-time league MVP Giannis Antetokounmpo. McMillan led the Hawks to their first ever win in the Conference Finals, defeating the Milwaukee Bucks 116–113 in Game 1. However, the Hawks would lose the series in six games. On July 5, McMillan and the Hawks agreed in principle to drop the "interim" tag from his title and make him the franchise's 14th head coach since the team moved to Atlanta, with a four-year contract. General manager Travis Schlenk said that while the language of the contract was still being drawn up, "I'm excited he's going to be our head coach going forward." The deal was formally announced on July 7, with Schlenk praising the "incredible job" McMillan had done after taking over the team in mid-season.


title: Nate McMillan

text: McMillan was an assistant coach under Mike Krzyzewski for the US national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship and in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, winning bronze and gold medals, respectively. He is also a member of the National Junior College Basketball Hall of Fame, due to his All-American performance at Chowan.


title: Nate McMillan

text: McMillan again served as an assistant coach under Krzyzewski for the US national team during the 2012 London Summer Olympics.


title: Nate McMillan

text: His son Jamelle played as a guard for the Arizona State Sun Devils and was an assistant coach with the New Orleans Pelicans from 2013 to 2020. Jamelle is now an assistant coach with the Atlanta Hawks working for his father.


title: Sprechgesang

text: ' (, "spoken singing") and ' (, "spoken voice") are expressionist vocal techniques between singing and speaking. Though sometimes used interchangeably, "Sprechgesang" is directly related to the operatic "recitative" manner of singing (in which pitches are sung, but the articulation is rapid and loose like speech), whereas "Sprechstimme" is closer to speech itself (because it does not emphasise any particular pitches).


title: Sprechgesang

text: "Sprechgesang" is more closely aligned with the long-used musical techniques of "recitative" or "parlando" than is "Sprechstimme". Where the term is employed in this way, it is usually in the context of the late Romantic German operas or "music dramas" that were composed by Richard Wagner and others in the 19th century. Thus, "Sprechgesang" is often merely a German alternative to "recitative".


title: Sprechgesang

text: The earliest compositional use of the technique was in the first version of Engelbert Humperdinck's 1897 melodrama "Königskinder" (in the 1910 version it was replaced by conventional singing), where it may have been intended to imitate a style already in use by singers of lieder and popular song, but it is more closely associated with the composers of the Second Viennese School. Arnold Schoenberg asks for the technique in a number of pieces: the part of the Speaker in "Gurre-Lieder" (1911) is written in his notation for "Sprechstimme", but it was "Pierrot Lunaire" (1912) where he used it throughout and left a note attempting to explain the technique. Alban Berg adopted the technique and asked for it in parts of his operas "Wozzeck" and "Lulu".


title: Sprechgesang

text: In the foreword to "Pierrot Lunaire" (1912), Schoenberg explains how his "Sprechstimme" should be achieved. He explains that the indicated rhythms should be adhered to, but that whereas in ordinary singing a constant pitch is maintained through a note, here the singer "immediately abandons it by falling or rising. The goal is certainly not at all a realistic, natural speech. On the contrary, the difference between ordinary speech and speech that collaborates in a musical form must be made plain. But it should not call singing to mind, either."


title: Sprechgesang

text: For the first performances of "Pierrot Lunaire", Schoenberg was able to work directly with the vocalist and obtain exactly the result he desired, but later performances were problematic. Schoenberg had written many subsequent letters attempting to clarify, but he was unable to leave a definitive explanation and there has been much disagreement as to what was actually intended. Pierre Boulez would write, "the question arises whether it is actually possible to speak according to a notation devised for singing. This was the real problem at the root of all the controversies. Schoenberg's own remarks on the subject are not in fact clear."


title: Sprechgesang

text: Schoenberg would later use a notation without a traditional clef in the "Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte" (1942), "A Survivor from Warsaw" (1947) and his unfinished opera "Moses und Aron", which eliminated any reference to a specific pitch, but retained the relative slides and articulations.


title: Sprechgesang

text: "Sprechgesang" style talk-singing has appeared in contemporary pop, rock, punk, and alternative music since the 1960s, with artists including Bob Dylan, Lou Reed, Jonathan Richman, The B-52's, The Fall, Nick Cave, Sonic Youth, They Might Be Giants, Slint, Cake, Life Without Buildings, The Hold Steady, French Vanilla, and Billie Eilish cited as acts that have used the technique. The sprechgesang vocal style is also prominent in the , with groups such as Dry Cleaning, Black Country, New Road, and Squid featuring a vocalist that uses the talk-sing method.


title: Sprechgesang

text: In Schoenberg's musical notation, "Sprechstimme" is usually indicated by small crosses through the stems of the notes, or with the note head itself being a small cross.


title: Sprechgesang

text: Schoenberg's later notation (first used in his "Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte", 1942) replaced the 5-line staff with a single line having no clef. The note stems no longer bear the "x", as it is now clear that no specific pitch is intended, and instead relative pitches are specified by placing the notes above or below the single line (sometimes on ledger lines).


title: Sprechgesang

text: Berg notates several degrees of "Sprechstimme", e. g. in "Wozzeck", using single-line staff for rhythmic speaking, five-line staves with x through the note stem, and a single stroke through the stem for close-to-singing "sprechstimme".


title: Sprechgesang

text: In modern usage, it is most common to indicate "Sprechstimme" by using an "x" in place of a conventional notehead.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Jeremy John Durham Ashdown, Baron Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon, (27 February 194122 December 2018), better known as Paddy Ashdown, was a British politician and diplomat who served as Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 1988 to 1999. Internationally, he is recognised for his role as High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2006, following his vigorous lobbying for military action against Yugoslavia in the 1990s.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: After serving as a Royal Marine and Special Boat Service officer and as an intelligence officer in the UK security services, Ashdown was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Yeovil in 1983 before retiring in 2001.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown received national recognition for his services by appointment as Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in the 2006 New Year Honours and Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2015 New Year Honours. In 2017, Ashdown was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour by the French government.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: A polyglot, Ashdown had an interpretership qualification in Mandarin and was fluent in several other languages.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown was the eldest of seven children: he had four brothers and two sisters. He was born in New Delhi, British India, on 27 February 1941 to a family of soldiers and colonial administrators who spent their lives in India. His father was a lapsed Catholic, and his mother a Protestant. His mother (née Hudson) was a nurse in the Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps. Ashdown's father, John William Richard Durham Ashdown (1909–1980), was a British Indian Army officer serving in the 14th Punjab Regiment and the Royal Indian Army Service Corps, and in 1944 attained the rank of temporary lieutenant colonel.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown was largely brought up in Northern Ireland, where his father bought a farm in 1945 near Comber, County Down. He was educated first at a local primary school, then as a weekly boarder at Garth House Preparatory School in Bangor and from age 11 at Bedford School in England, where his accent earned him the nickname "Paddy".


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: After his father's business collapsed, Ashdown passed the naval scholarship examination to pay for his school fees, but left before taking A-levels and joined the Royal Marines in 1959. He served until 1972 and retired with the rank of captain. He served in Borneo during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation and the Persian Gulf, before training as a Swimmer Canoeist in 1965, after which he joined the elite Special Boat Section (now named the Special Boat Service) and commanded a Section in the Far East. He then went to Hong Kong in 1967 to undertake a full-time interpreter's course in Chinese, and returned to the UK in 1970 when he was given command of a Royal Marine company in Belfast.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown left the Royal Marines to join the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). As diplomatic cover, he worked for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as first secretary to the United Kingdom mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. At the UN, Ashdown was responsible for relations with several UN organisations, involved in the negotiation of several international treaties, and some aspects of the Helsinki Accords in 1975.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: While in the Marines, Ashdown had been a supporter of the Labour Party but switched support to the Liberal Party in 1975. He had a comfortable life in Switzerland, where he lived with his wife Jane and their two children Simon and Katherine in a large house on the shores of Lake Geneva, enjoying plenty of time for sailing, skiing and climbing. Ashdown decided to enter politics after the UK had two general elections in one year (those of February and October 1974) and the Three-Day Week. He said that "most of my friends thought it was utterly bonkers" to leave the diplomatic service, but that he had "a sense of purpose".


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: In 1976 Ashdown was selected as the Liberal Party's prospective parliamentary candidate in his wife's home constituency of Yeovil in Somerset, and took a job with Normalair Garrett, then part of the Yeovil-based Westland Group. Yeovil's Liberal candidate had been placed second in the February 1974 and third in the October 1974 general elections; Ashdown's objective was to "squeeze" the local Labour vote to enable him to defeat the Conservatives, who had held the seat since its creation in 1918. He subsequently worked for Tescan, and was unemployed for a time after that firm's closure in 1981, before becoming a youth worker with Dorset County Council's Youth Service, working on initiatives to help the young unemployed. That position being an unpaid "volunteer" one, Ashdown was at the time classified as "long-term unemployed", having applied unsuccessfully for 150 jobs.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: At the 1979 general election which returned the Conservatives to power, Ashdown regained second place, establishing a clear lead of 9% over the Labour candidate. The Conservative majority of 11,382 was still large enough to be regarded as a safe seat when the sitting MP John Peyton stood down at the 1983 general election to be made a life peer. Ashdown had gained momentum after his years of local campaigning. The Labour vote fell to only 5.5% and Ashdown won the seat with a majority of over 3,000, a swing from the Conservatives of 11.9% against a national swing of 4% to the Conservatives.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown had long been on his party's social democratic wing, supporting the 1977 Lib–Lab pact, and the SDP–Liberal Alliance. In the early 1980s he was a prominent campaigner against the deployment in Europe of American nuclear-armed cruise missiles, describing them at a Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament rally in Hyde Park in 1983 as "the front end of the whole anti-nuclear struggle. It is the weapon we to stop."


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Shortly after entering the House of Commons, he was appointed SDP–Liberal Alliance spokesman on Trade and Industry and then on Education. He opposed the privatisation of the Royal Ordnance Factories in 1984, criticised the Thatcher government in 1986 for allowing the United States to bomb Libya from UK bases, and campaigned against the loss of trade union rights by workers at GCHQ in 1987.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: When the Liberal Party merged in 1988 with the Social Democrats to form the Social and Liberal Democrats (name shortened in 1989 to "Liberal Democrats"), he was elected as the new party's leader and made a Privy Councillor in January 1989.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown led the Liberal Democrats into two general elections, in 1992 and 1997, and three European Parliament elections, in 1989, 1994 and 1999. The Lib Dems failed to win any seats in the 1989 European Parliament election and recorded a net loss of two seats in the 1992 general election, when the party was still recovering from the after-effects of the 1988 merger. In 1994, the party gained its first two Members of the European Parliament. At the 1997 election, the Liberal Democrats won 46 seats, their best performance since the Liberal Party in the 1920s, though they did take a smaller share of the vote than they had done at the 1992 election. While the Liberal Democrats vote share decreased in the 1999 European Parliament election, the move from first-past-the-post to the D'Hondt method saw the party make a net gain of 8 seats.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Between 1993 and 1997, he was a notable proponent of co-operation between the Liberal Democrats and "New Labour", and had regular secret meetings with Tony Blair to discuss the possibility of a coalition government. This was despite Labour's opinion poll showings from late 1992 onwards virtually all suggesting that they would gain a majority at the next election, particularly in the first year or so of Blair's leadership following his appointment in mid-1994. The discussions began in early 1993, while the party was still being led by Blair's predecessor John Smith, who died suddenly in May 1994. After Blair was elected as Labour leader the talks continued.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: There was no need for a coalition, as the 1997 general election ended in a Labour landslide victory. The election also saw a breakthrough for the Liberal Democrats despite receiving fewer votes than in 1992; they increased their representation from 18 to 46. A "Joint Cabinet Committee" (JCC) including senior Labour and Liberal Democrat politicians was then created to discuss the implementation of the two parties' shared priorities for constitutional reform; its remit was later expanded to include other issues on which Blair and Ashdown saw scope for co-operation between the two parties. Ashdown's successor as Liberal Democrat leader, Charles Kennedy, deliberately allowed the JCC to slip into abeyance until it effectively stopped meeting.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown announced his intention to resign as Leader of the Liberal Democrats on 20 January 1999, departing on 9 August that year following 11 years in the role, and was succeeded by Charles Kennedy. In mid-1999, there was speculation that he would be appointed the new Secretary General of NATO; his lack of governmental experience meant that doubts were raised about his suitability. The post was ultimately filled by Labour defence secretary George Robertson.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 2000 and after retiring from the Commons one month previously, he was created a Life Peer, the peerage being gazetted on 16 July 2001 as that of as "Baron Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon", of Norton-sub-Hamdon in the County of Somerset. In the 2001 election, the Yeovil seat was retained for the Liberal Democrats by David Laws. Likewise in 2001, the University of Bath conferred on Ashdown an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: He was the subject of "This Is Your Life" in 2001, when he was surprised by Michael Aspel at BBC Television Centre.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: In retirement, Ashdown became a regular voice for the Liberal Democrats. He publicly supported military strikes in Syria in 2013, and said he was ashamed after Parliament voted against them. At the 2015 general election he appeared on the BBC soon after the announcement of the exit poll which predicted that the Liberal Democrats would be reduced from 57 MPs to 10. Ashdown stated that he would eat his hat if the exit poll was correct. The actual result was that the Liberal Democrats returned eight MPs but the technical difference from the exit poll was not enough to save him from several requests to carry out his vow. Some commentators suggested humorously that this was an example of Liberal Democrats breaking their promises in response to U-turns conducted while in coalition government. The following day after the election, on the BBC's "Question Time" programme, Ashdown was presented with a chocolate hat that he later ate.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: In June 2007, the BBC reported that Ashdown had been offered, and rejected, the Cabinet post of Northern Ireland secretary by incoming Labour Party prime minister Gordon Brown. Liberal Democrat leader Sir Menzies Campbell had already ruled out the idea that members of his party would take seats in a Brown Cabinet, but, according to the reports, Brown still approached Ashdown with the offer.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: After leaving frontline British politics, he accepted the post of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina on 27 May 2002, reflecting his long-time advocacy of international intervention in that region. He succeeded Wolfgang Petritsch in the position created under the Dayton Agreement. During his time as High Representative between 2002 and 2006, he strengthened the central state institutions, brought in statewide legal bodies such as the State Investigation and Protection Agency and brought the two ethnic armies under a central civilian command, and moved Bosnia-Herzegovina toward EU integration. He was sometimes denigrated as "the Viceroy of Bosnia" by critics of his work as High Representative.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: On 14 March 2002, Ashdown testified as a witness for the prosecution at the trial of Slobodan Milošević at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. He said that he was on the Kosovo–Albania border near Junik in June 1998. From this location through his binoculars, Ashdown claimed to have seen Serbian forces shelling several villages.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: In July 2005, a defence witness, General Božidar Delić, claimed by demonstrating with a topographical map of the area that Ashdown could not have been able to see the areas that he claimed to be able to see as hills, mountains and thick woods would have obstructed his view.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: After the Delić claims, Ashdown supplied the Tribunal with grid coordinates and a cross section of the ground indicating that he could indeed see the locations concerned. These coordinates indicated he was on the Kosovo–Albania border, which was a sealed border at the time. The prosecution also used new maps and topographical cross-sections indicating Ashdown's location, but their accuracy was challenged by Delić, for the location of a village was different from that shown in other maps of the area.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown was later asked by US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice and Prime Minister Gordon Brown to take charge of the Allied effort in Afghanistan; though an unnamed source is quoted in a 16 January Reuters report indicating that Ashdown was also approached by UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon and met with the Afghan president Hamid Karzai secretly in Kuwait to discuss the post which he later accepted. He later decided against taking the role, after gleaning that Afghanistan preferred General Sir John McColl over him. On 7 March 2008 Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide was appointed as the UN representative for Afghanistan, stating "I'm not Paddy Ashdown, but don't under-estimate me."


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown was a member of the Governing Council of Interpeace, an international peacebuilding organisation, and also served as President of Chatham House. He later chaired the Liberal Democrats' 2015 general election team.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: In 2016, Ashdown founded More United alongside several other public figures in response to the result of the June referendum on British membership of the European Union. More United is a liberal and progressive cross-party political movement.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown married Jane Courtenay in 1962. The couple had a son, Simon, and daughter, Katharine, along with three grandchildren. In 1992, following the press becoming aware of a stolen document relating to a divorce case, he disclosed a five-month affair with his secretary, Patricia Howard, five years earlier from which he acquired the press nickname 'Paddy Pantsdown'. His career and marriage both survived the political and tabloid storm, with his wife forgiving him.


title: Paddy Ashdown

text: Ashdown was diagnosed with bladder cancer in October 2018. He died on 22 December 2018 at Southmead Hospital, Bristol, at the age of 77. On 10 January 2019 a funeral service was held at Church of St Mary the Virgin, Norton Sub Hamdon, in Somerset, and he was buried in the church's cemetery. A Service of Thanksgiving was held for him at Westminster Abbey on 10 September 2019.


title: Marc Lore

text: Marc Eric Lore (pronounced LorEE, born May 16, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, businessman, investor, and NBA owner. In December 2021, CNBC reported that Lore is now the Founder, Chairman, and CEO of the Wonder Group. From 2016 to 2021, he was the President and CEO of Walmart U.S. eCommerce. Lore was appointed in September 2016 to lead Walmart's e-commerce division when his company Jet.com—an e-commerce website launched in 2014—was acquired by Walmart, Inc. Walmart purchased Jet for $3.3 billion. Prior to Jet, Lore was the CEO and co-founder of Quidsi, the parent company of a family of websites, including Diapers.com. Quidsi was sold in 2011 to Amazon for $545 million. Lore was named regional Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young in 2011, one of the "smartest people in technology" by "Fortune," and dubbed the LeBron James of e-commerce by Matt Higgins.


title: Marc Lore

text: After stepping down from Walmart, Recode reported that Lore's next venture will be "a multi-decade project to build 'a city of the future' supported by 'a reformed version of capitalism,'" announced in September 2021 as Telosa.


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore was born in Staten Island, New York on May 16, 1971, the son of Peter and Chiara Lore. He is the oldest of three children and spent most of his childhood in Staten Island. When he was ten years old his family moved to the Lincroft section of Middletown Township, New Jersey.


title: Marc Lore

text: His mother was a body builder and personal trainer. During the late 1980s she trained model and actress Julianne Phillips who was Bruce Springsteen's wife at the time. Lore's father started a computer consulting company, Chadmarc Systems, named after his two sons.


title: Marc Lore

text: In seventh grade, Lore got into stocks and began reading books on stock options and what would become known as derivatives – eventually leading him to start his career in finance. In high school he started a baseball card company called The Mint with his grade school friend, Lax Chandra.


title: Marc Lore

text: From fifth until twelfth grade, Lore attended Ranney School in Tinton Falls, New Jersey. In 1989, during his senior year of high school, Lore became the New Jersey State Champ for the 55-meter dash.


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore's classmates called him the human calculator as a young savant with numbers. While sophisticated with math, Lore claims he didn't apply himself and was seen more as a class clown. In high school he and his close friend, and later business partner, Vinit Bharara used to sneak down to Atlantic City and card count at the casinos. Lore has stated that he "didn't apply himself at all" when it came to school. He's said that he was a sophomore in high school when he first realized you have to actually apply to college – "I always thought you could just pick the school you wanted to go to."


title: Marc Lore

text: After graduating high school in 1989, Lore attended Bucknell University. He was on Bucknell's track and field team specializing in the 100-meter, 200-meter, long jump, and javelin events. In 1993 he received a Bachelor of Arts in business management and economics, graduating cum laude.


title: Marc Lore

text: After starting his banking career, Lore enrolled in Columbia University but dropped out before completing his master of statistics degree. During this time he did complete the Chartered Financial Analyst three-year program.


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore also enrolled in The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He dropped out after one year in the MBA program to pursue Diapers.com. It was at Wharton where he met Scott Hilton during a study group – Hilton would later become employee #1 at Diapers.com.


title: Marc Lore

text: After graduating college in 1993, Lore began his career at Bankers Trust in New York City. He held various investment banking positions, including vice president of emerging markets risk management at Credit Suisse First Boston and executive vice president of Sanwa International Bank in London, where he was head of the bank's Risk Management Division.


title: Marc Lore

text: In 1997, while at Credit Suisse First Boston, Lore and his colleague, Lev Borondovsky, started the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) and founded the Financial Risk Manager (FRM) – a certification for financial risk managers. Today an estimated 50,000 people have earned the certification while the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) has over 150,000 members from 195 countries. Lore and Borondovsky also wrote The Professional's Handbook of Financial Risk Management.


title: Marc Lore

text: In 1999, Lore co-founded The Pit, Inc., an Internet market-making collectible company constructed as an alternative to eBay. Lore served as CEO and The Pit was sold to the sports collectibles company, The Topps Company, Inc. for $5.7 million in 2001. Following the acquisition, Lore joined Topps as chief operating officer of gaming subsidiary WizKids.


title: Marc Lore

text: In 2005, Lore and Vinit Bharara founded 1800DIAPERS, later rebranded as Diapers.com. Lore served as CEO. The company was sold to Amazon in 2011 for $545 million, and Lore then worked for Amazon for over two years.


title: Marc Lore

text: In 2014, Lore founded eCommerce company, Jet with Nate Faust and Mike Hanrahan. Lore served as CEO and in November 2014, Jet launched a campaign offering stock options to users generating word-of-mouth for the company in advance of launch. In January 2015, Jet was featured in a cover story in Bloomberg Businessweek, in which it was revealed that Jet would be a shopping club in which members will pay an annual fee of $49.99 to access the lowest prices on millions of items, although the membership fee was eliminated in October 2015.


title: Marc Lore

text: In February 2015 Jet raised $140 million in pre-launch funding from investors including Bain Capital Ventures, Accel Partners, Alibaba Group, New Enterprise Associates, and others.


title: Marc Lore

text: Beta testers in May 2015 reported cheaper prices than Amazon but longer delivery times. On July 21, 2015, Jet.com opened to the public.


title: Marc Lore

text: On August 8, 2016, Walmart announced it had agreed to acquire Jet.com for $3.3 billion. Following the acquisition, Lore was appointed president and chief executive officer of Walmart U.S. eCommerce.


title: Marc Lore

text: On May 19, 2020, Walmart announced that it was shutting down Jet, directing visitors to use Walmart.com instead.


title: Marc Lore

text: According to Fool.com, "In the three full fiscal years since the Jet acquisition Walmart's eCommerce sales have nearly tripled, jumping 176%. The company has rapidly expanded grocery pickup and delivery and now has about 3,300 stores with grocery pickup and more than 1,850 stores offering grocery delivery, up from just a handful at the time of the Jet acquisition. Under the guidance of Lore, the company rolled out free two-day delivery for orders over $35 without a membership fee to compete with Amazon Prime, and that was accelerated to free one-day delivery last year, shortly after Amazon made the same move in Prime. In the most recent quarter, Walmart expanded ship-from-store capabilities to 2,500 stores, leveraging the power of its store base, and it launched Express Delivery, promising delivery in two hours."


title: Marc Lore

text: In 2017, Walmart and Lore announced the launch of Store No. 8, a technology incubator based in the Silicon Valley. The initiative was named after an early Walmart store that founder, Sam Walton, used to try out new retail strategies. At the 2017 Shoptalk conference in Las Vegas, Lore said Store No. 8 will work with startups that specialize in areas that include robotics, virtual reality and augmented reality, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.


title: Marc Lore

text: During his time at Walmart he accelerated the company's e-commerce growth and customer reach – making it the No. 2 online shopping site in the U.S., helping to increase the stock price of more than 100 percent during his tenure.


title: Marc Lore

text: After stepping down from Walmart, Recode reported that Lore's latest project will be "a multi-decade project to build 'a city of the future' supported by 'a reformed version of capitalism.'"


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore is active on LinkedIn sharing entrepreneurial and business advice almost daily. He hosts a show called Startup Standup that focuses on mentoring female founders.


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore is the lead investor in Archer Aviation, an electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) company focused on "advancing the benefits of sustainable air mobility." In February 2021, Archer announced Lore would be investing an additional $10 million as the company announced their $1 billion purchase order from United Airlines and a SPAC.


title: Marc Lore

text: On May 12, 2021 Alex Rodriguez and Lore announced a new venture capital firm called Vision Capital People or VCP. The new company, which will be called Vision/Capital/People, or VCP, launches with $50 million of the pair's own money and could eventually raise $300 million to $500 million. Rodriguez and Lore plan to take early-stage stakes of 40% to 80% in their portfolio companies, much larger than the typical venture approach, a model that Lore said he found "frustrating" when he sought capital for his previous startups. Their first investment was NOW//with, a social commerce company.


title: Marc Lore

text: On July 21, 2021 Lore, Alex Rodriguez, and Dave Portnoy were named as investors of online brokerage firm, Tornado.


title: Marc Lore

text: On April 10, 2021, Lore and Alex Rodriguez signed a letter of intent to purchase the Minnesota Timberwolves and Minnesota Lynx from Glen Taylor.


title: Marc Lore

text: The deal became official on July 21, 2021 as the NBA approved Alex Rodriguez and Lore's purchase of the Minnesota Timberwolves.


title: Marc Lore

text: In September 2021, Lore announced Telosa, a city he is building from scratch. The project has a target population of 5 million people by 2050, with the first phase of construction expected to house 50,000. The project's planners intend for the city to be built on desert land, with Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Texas, and Appalachia proposed as potential locations. The name Telosa is derived from the Ancient Greek word telos, meaning "higher purpose".


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore announced he had hired the architectural firm Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) owned by Danish architect Bjarke Ingels.


title: Marc Lore

text: The proposed land ownership in the city is inspired by Georgist principles, as advocated by political economist Henry George in his 1879 book "Progress and Poverty". Under the proposed rules, anyone would be licensed to build, keep or sell a home, building or any other structure, but the city would retain ultimate ownership of the land.


title: Marc Lore

text: Lore is currently the Founder, Chairman, and CEO of the Wonder Group. In December 2021, CNBC reported Lore's involvement in Wonder, "Whether Americans are looking to order a quick bite from a local fast-food chain, or they want to feel like they’re eating at a five-star restaurant from the comfort of the living room, Marc Lore wants to redefine at-home dining." According to Lore, "It’s really a one-stop shop for all cooked food. And we think there’s a real chance to have a winner-take-all in this market. You don’t really need another app.”


title: Marc Lore

text: On December 13, 2021, The New York Post reported that "Marc Lore wants someone in Dallas or Omaha — or New York or LA — to be able to use his new Wonder app to call up a favorite dish from a big-city restaurant and have it delivered to their door — from one of his trucks kitted out with a chef and an oven."


title: Marc Lore

text: "He’s secured the rights to the menus of top chefs like Bobby Flay and sushi dynamo Daisuke Nakazawa and has plans to open 'ghost kitchens' all over the country where his army of trucks will pick up partly-cooked meals that will eventually be finished at the curb or in a driveway. It works like this: A person using the Wonder app scrolls what’s available in their neighborhood from the list of big-name chefs Lore has signed. The customer picks an item — say Steak Diane — that’s earlier been prepared and partially cooked at a satellite kitchen nearby. Then one of Lore’s kitchen-equipped trucks in the area gets a ping with the order and a chef on board finishes cooking the steak before it’s delivered to the person’s door."


title: Marc Lore

text: According to Fortune Magazine, Wonder has received $500M in "venture funding from partners, including NEA, Accel, GV, General Catalyst, and Bain Capital Ventures."


title: Marc Lore

text: In 2019, actress and entrepreneur Gwyneth Paltrow called Lore a mentor and business coach, stating: "He's an e-commerce wizard and so he is probably the person I reach out to most for specific questions."


title: Marc Lore

text: He was named regional Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young in 2011, one of the "smartest people in technology" by "Fortune" magazine, and in 2020 was dubbed "the LeBron James of e-commerce" by businessman Matt Higgins.


title: Marc Lore

text: In 1996, Lore qualified for the U.S. National Bobsled Team but chose to stay with his banking job instead of training, therefore losing his seat on the national team for the 1998 Winter Olympics.


title: Marc Lore

text: In March 2020, Lore publicly challenged a Hall of Fame football player, Jerry Rice, to the 40-yard dash as a part of Rich Eisen's Run Rich Run for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Lore beat Rice.


title: Marc Lore

text: In September 2020, it was reported that Lore was working alongside Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez in a bid to buy the New York Mets. The deal did not go through.


title: Marc Lore

text: In May 2021, Lore appeared alongside Ray Lewis on the NFL Network's coverage of the NFL Draft as a part of Rich Eisen's Run Rich Run for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. The event raised over $1.7M for charity, and Lore and Lewis were recognized as the fastest team. Lore's 40-yard dash clocked in at 4.97 seconds, just behind Michael Vick's time of 4.72 seconds.


title: Linda Thorson

text: Linda Thorson (born Linda Robinson; June 18, 1947) is a Canadian actress, known for playing Tara King in "The Avengers" (1968–69).


title: Linda Thorson

text: Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, she attended Bishop Strachan School, and then moved to the UK in 1965 to study acting. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art with an Honours Diploma, including speaking and singing honours (soprano), on July 1, 1967. Her professional name is based on Bergthorson, the last name of her first husband.


title: Linda Thorson

text: She was married to the American news anchorman and producer Bill Boggs with whom she has a son; they divorced after 19 years. She was married to production designer Gavin Mitchell in November 2005, but divorced in 2011.


title: Linda Thorson

text: Thorson is bi-dialectal, speaking in her native Canadian accent when she is in North America, and received pronunciation when she is in the United Kingdom.


title: Linda Thorson

text: Thorson is best known for her role as Tara King (succeeding Diana Rigg as Emma Peel) in the last series of the British TV adventure series, "The Avengers", with the original star Patrick Macnee. She was reunited with Macnee in a commercial for Laurent-Perrier champagne in the mid 1970s which led to the series reappearing as "The New Avengers", although Thorson did not regain her role.


title: Linda Thorson

text: Since then, she appeared in character roles in many TV series and films, including "Thriller", "Return of the Saint", "Valentino", "The Greek Tycoon", the cult horror film "Curtains", "Blind Justice", Alan Alda's "Sweet Liberty", and "Marblehead Manor".


title: Linda Thorson

text: She appeared from 1989 to 1992 in the daytime drama "One Life to Live" as Julia Wheaton Medina. She also appeared in "", playing female Cardassian starship commander Gul Ocett in the 6th-season episode "" (1993). From 1998 to 2000, she played Isabel in the Canadian series "Emily of New Moon".


title: Linda Thorson

text: In 2002, she portrayed a Supreme Court Justice in the movie "Half Past Dead" with Steven Seagal and Ja Rule, and appeared in the 2006 action sequel "". Throughout 2006–07, Thorson played the villainous Rosemary King in the ITV series "Emmerdale".


title: Linda Thorson

text: Thorson has performed in many dramatic and musical stage productions, including appearances on Broadway in Nell Dunn's "Steaming" and Michael Frayn's "Noises Off!". In 1971, she starred alongside Michael Crawford and Anthony Valentine in the London West End hit show "No Sex Please, We're British" and later appeared as Titania in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" at the Open Air Theatre, Regents Park, London. She also played Hester Salomon in a UK tour of "Equus" opposite Simon Callow. In the summer of 2008, she appeared at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park in the Lerner & Loewe musical, "Gigi".


title: Linda Thorson

text: In 2013, Thorson appeared onstage in Tracy Letts's play "" about a dysfunctional family in Oklahoma. In 2014, she was slated to appear in Jon Robin Baitz's play "Other Desert Cities".