title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: The second of three children, Lady Annabel was born in London into an Anglo-Irish aristocratic family with its roots in Ulster and County Durham. Lady Annabel Vane-Tempest-Stewart was born the daughter of Robin, Viscount Castlereagh, who later became The 8th Marquess of Londonderry, and Romaine Combe, who was the daughter of Major Boyce Combe, from Surrey.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: She became Lady Annabel as a young girl in February 1949, when her father became marquess on the death of his father, the controversial Ulster Unionist politician The 7th Marquess of Londonderry. Her mother died of cancer in 1951, but the illness was kept a secret by her parents. She later said, "Cancer was such a taboo then – Mummy didn't even tell her sisters." Subsequently, her father became a chronic alcoholic and died from liver failure at the age of 52 on 17 October 1955. "My father was a really wonderful man but after my mother died, we couldn't talk to him as we had done before. He couldn't face life without her and he turned into Jekyll and Hyde almost overnight", she explained.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: She was named after her mother's favourite song, "Miss Annabel Lee", and grew up as a country child at her family's former estates of Mount Stewart, Wynyard Park, and Londonderry House. She was educated at Southover Manor School in Sussex and Cuffy's Tutorial College in Oxford. Awkward and shy in her youth, she was an avid reader, equestrian, and a Girl Guide for the Bullfinch Patrol. She transformed from an unconfident and self-described "skinny, gauche young girl" into a socialite during the 1950s and 1960s. Queen Elizabeth II attended her coming-out ball in 1952. As part of the London social circle, she is known for her sense of humour, down-to-earth personality, and love of children and dogs. She was never a drinker. She chain-smoked until the age of 40.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Lady Annabel is the mother of Rupert, Robin and India Jane Birley and Jemima, Zac and Ben Goldsmith. She has referred to herself as "an incredible mother, rather a good mistress, but not a very good wife". With six children and five miscarriages, her primary vocation was motherhood, which prompted her to say: "I'm not judgmental about women who work, but I was so besotted with my children I never wanted them out of my sight." She was also considered a mother figure by her nieces, Ladies Cosima and Sophia Vane-Tempest-Stewart, and Diana, Princess of Wales. As the wife and ex-wife of two unfaithful men, she explained her marriage philosophy to the "Times" in 1987: "I can never understand the wives who really mind, the wives who set such store by fidelity. How extraordinary, and how mad they are. Because, surely, if the man goes out and he comes back, it's not actually doing any harm."


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: On 10 March 1954, at the age of 19, she married businessman Mark Birley at the Caxton Hall register office in London. Birley famously paid tribute to her by naming in her honour his renowned nightclub, Annabel's, which opened on 4 June 1963 and was run by Birley for more than forty years. During the 1960s, Lady Annabel was a constant presence at Annabel's, known as one of the grandest nightclubs of the sixties and seventies, where she entertained guests ranging from Ted and Robert F. Kennedy to Frank Sinatra, Prince Charles, Richard Nixon, and Muhammad Ali. "I used to be there every night, even when I had three small children to take to school the next day. It was like a second home to me", she recalled.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: She raised her three children with Birley at Pelham cottage. Her eldest son Rupert, who was born on 20 August 1955, studied at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1986, he disappeared off the coast of Togo in West Africa, where he was presumed drowned. "There really is nothing worse than losing a child – and there is something special about your first-born", she said, adding that, "Because I was so young when Rupert was born ... we were more like good friends than mother and son." Her second son Robin (b. 19 February 1958) is a businessman, whose face was disfigured as a child when he was mauled by a tigress at John Aspinall's private zoo. Having let him go near the pregnant tigress, Lady Annabel said, "It was my own fault. I was, am, angry with myself." Her first daughter India Jane (born 14 January 1961), the granddaughter of society portrait painter Sir Oswald Birley, is an artist.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: The Birleys separated in 1972 and later divorced in 1975 after the birth of her second child with James Goldsmith. "Our breakup was because of Mark's infidelities, not because I fell in love with Jimmy", she told "Vanity Fair" writer Maureen Orth after Birley's death. Revealing that Birley had numerous other girlfriends from the beginning of their relationship, she added: "I think he was absolutely incapable of being faithful. He was a serial adulterer. Like a butterfly, he had to seduce every woman."


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Despite their divorce, the two remained best friends and soulmates, talking to each other every day and holidaying together until Birley's death in August 2007. Birley said they were "the true loves of each other's lives".


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: In 1964, she embarked on a decade-long extramarital affair with Sir James Goldsmith, a member of the Goldsmith family. Though both she and Goldsmith, who was then married to his second wife Ginette Lery, believed that the affair would be a passing fling, it soon gained her notoriety in London's gossip columns as a modern mistress. She was eventually coaxed into having his children by their friend John Aspinall, who was also a former friend of Mark Birley who introduced her to Goldsmith.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: While still legally married to Birley, she gave birth to Jemima (b. 30 January 1974) and Zac (b. 20 January 1975). Her last child Ben Goldsmith was born on 28 October 1980 at 46, after two consecutive miscarriages. The children were raised in Ormeley Lodge in Ham, London. The half-Jewish and half-Catholic Goldsmith was an occasional presence in their lives as he divided time between three families. In 1978, Goldsmith and Lady Annabel married solely to legitimise their children.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Goldsmith moved to New York with his new mistress Laure Boulay, Comtesse de la Meurthe, in 1981 and spent the last years of his life mostly in France and Mexico. He became known for quoting Sacha Guitry's words, "If you marry your mistress you create a job vacancy." Often wrongly credited with the quote, Goldsmith admitted, "I quoted him at dinner, and it was pinned on me. I don't mind. ... I just don't want to claim what's not mine." In 1997, she and her youngest three children inherited a portion of Goldsmith's wealth, estimated varyingly at £1.6 and $1.7–$2.4 billion.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: She resides in Ormeley Lodge, a Georgian mansion on the edge of Richmond Park, with two Grand Basset Griffon Vendéens, Daisy and Lily, and three Norfolk terriers, Barney, Boris and Bindy. In 2003, she remarked on her children's varied marital patterns by observing, "All my children with James marry young and breed, and my children with Mark do the opposite."


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Lady Annabel has fourteen grandchildren. She spends part of each year at her organic farm in the hills above Benahavís and has a 1930s holiday home by the seaside in Bognor Regis, West Sussex. Asked about her regrets in life, in 2004, she confessed wishing that she had, instead of marrying twice, been "a one-man woman".


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Lady Annabel is president of the Richmond Park branch of The Royal Society of St George, a patriotic outreach society aimed to motivate youth. She is a donor to and supporter of the Countryside Alliance, an environmental charity called The Soil Association, and African Solutions to African Problems (ASAP), which works to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on orphans and vulnerable children in South Africa. As an animal lover, she is also one of the patrons of the Dogs Trust and a supporter of the Battersea Dogs & Cats Home, along with being vice-president of the British Show Pony Society.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: She had early interest in journalism but declined a low-level position at the "Daily Mail" at age 19 to get married instead. She has since contributed opinion editorials to national newspapers "The Sunday Times", "The Daily Telegraph" and "The Sunday Telegraph", among others.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Inspired by Hungarian Premier Imre Nagy's radio address during the Hungarian Revolution, in November 1956, she and Mark Birley volunteered with the Save the Children organisation in Vienna. She organised charitable donations and travelled daily to look after refugees who crossed the Austrian border into the frontier town of Andau. In May 1997, she campaigned with her second husband in Putney, the constituency unsuccessfully contested by Goldsmith for his Referendum Party. She continued to support her husband's ideas, like the single currency referendum, after his death as part of the Referendum Movement, which was headed by Paul Sykes and Lord McAlpine and of which she became honorary president.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: In January 1999, she launched the Democracy Movement, of which she was president and her son Robin was chairman until 2004. Starting from 12 January 2001, the organisation launched a £500,000 advertising and leafleting campaign to expose the parliamentary votes of pro-Brussels candidates in 120 "target" seats before the May general elections. The Democracy Movement released two million pamphlets carrying gloom-ridden headlines about a European state and published full page local newspaper advertisements in the constituencies of 70 Labour MPs, 35 Liberal Democrats, six Conservatives and three Scottish National Party candidates. Describing the campaign as an effort "in memory of Jimmy", she said:


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: On 17 December 2007, she testified at the inquest into the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, where she denied the perception that the princess was in love with and/or pregnant by Dodi Fayed. "She was in love with Hasnat Khan. I felt she was still on the rebound from Hasnat Khan... She might have been having a wonderful time with him, I'm sure, but I thought her remark that she needed marriage like a rash meant that she was not serious about it", Lady Annabel told the jury.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: In March 2004, Weidenfeld & Nicolson published her memoirs "Annabel: An Unconventional Life", which recounted her life from a pre-World War II aristocratic childhood and her glamorous social circle of the 1960s to her current status as an active grandmother. The book was serialised in "The Mail on Sunday". On the promotion tour, she gave numerous interviews and participated in a discussion with historian Andrew Roberts at the annual Cheltenham Festival of Literature in April 2004. A "Daily Telegraph" profile observed that, "What seems to have kept Annabel afloat is her almost naive ability to let bygones be bygones". Claudia FitzHerbert's review in the same newspaper denounced the autobiography as "woodenly hilarious" and "disappointingly vague".


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: David Chapman, reviewing the book for the Newsquest Media Group Newspapers, concluded, "This is a decidedly funny memoir that includes the scrapes and japes of nob culture." Lorne Jackson of the "Sunday Mercury" was totally dismissive of what he called "a dull memoir", stating: "This could have all been explained in one page, possibly two if the type was particularly large." "The Sunday Times" commented that, "Annabel comes across as a decent woman ... but her writing is flat, with a few too many clumsy constructions, and her story lacks drama, even when terrible things happen to her." Biographer Selina Hastings called it "a well-ordered, decently written book," while the "Evening Standard" wrote, "Goldsmith herself comes across as fun and warm, a good sport, if sometimes strangely submissive and a little overfond of her own breasts." "Annabel" became a No.1 London best-seller for non-fiction. Nationally, the memoirs reached the top ten non-fiction best-sellers in England, fluctuating from No. 7 to No. 4 and then No. 6.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: She followed her autobiography, two years later in September 2006, by ghost-writing her pet dog Copper's autobiography in the name of "Copper: A Dog's Life". Her daughter India Jane illustrated the book. Copper was originally bought by the Goldsmiths as a reward to their daughter Jemima for passing her Common Entrance Examination, but he remained in Lady Annabel's care for most of his life and had an adventurous time in Richmond. "Amid tough competition, he was probably the greatest character I ever knew", she told "The Daily Telegraph". The mongrel, who died in 1998, was famed for travelling by bus, chasing joggers and visiting a Richmond pub, the Dysart Arms.


title: Lady Annabel Goldsmith

text: Her literary efforts originated after the experience, according to her, of a life-defining moment on 29 December 2000. She, her son Benjamin, daughter Jemima and her two sons, plus her niece Lady Cosima Somerset and her two children were travelling to Kenya, when a passenger on their British Airways plane stormed into the cockpit and tried to seize the controls. The autopilot on the flight to Nairobi became temporarily disengaged and the jumbo was knocked off course, abruptly diving and plunging below. "Nobody on that plane thought, 'am I going to die?'" she later recalled. "They all thought, 'we are going to die'. It was horrible, horrible." This near-death incident has been credited by Lady Annabel as the catalyst for her writings. "I had always thought that I would write a book", she claimed, "but writing my memoirs didn't really come into my head until after that flight." In the introduction to "Annabel", she wrote:


title: Fecundity

text: Fecundity is defined in two ways; in human demography, it is the potential for reproduction of a recorded population as opposed to a sole organism, while in population biology, it is considered similar to fertility, the natural capability to produce offspring, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual propagules.


title: Fecundity

text: Superfecundity refers to an organism's ability to store another organism's sperm (after copulation) and fertilize its own eggs from that store after a period of time, essentially making it appear as though fertilization occurred without sperm (i.e. parthenogenesis).


title: Fecundity

text: Human demography considers only human fecundity, at its culturally differing rates, while population biology studies all organisms. The term "fecundity" in population biology is often used to describe the rate of offspring production after one time step (often annual). In this sense, fecundity may include both birth rates and survival of young to that time step. While levels of fecundity vary geographically, it is generally a consistent feature of each culture. "Fecundation" is another term for fertilization.


title: Fecundity

text: In obstetrics and gynecology, fecund-ability is the probability of being pregnant in a single menstrual cycle, and fecundity is the probability of achieving a live birth within a single cycle.


title: Fecundity

text: In ecology, fecundity is a measure of the reproductive capacity of an individual or population, typically restricted to the reproductive individuals. It can be equally applied to sexual and asexual reproduction, as the purpose of fecundity is to measure how many new individuals are being added to a population. Fecundity may be defined differently for different ecological studies to explain the specific data the study examined. For example, some studies use apparent fecundity to describe that their data looks at a particular moment in time rather than the species' entire life span. In other studies, these definitions are changed to better quantify fecundity for the organism in question. This need is particularly true for modular organisms, as their modular organization differs from the more typical unitary organism, in which fecundity is best defined through a count of offspring.


title: Fecundity

text: Semelparity occurs when an organism reproduces only once in its lifetime, with death being a part of its reproductive strategy. These species produce many offspring during their one reproductive event, giving them a potential advantage when it comes to fecundity, as they are producing more offspring.


title: Fecundity

text: Iteroparity is when a species reproduces multiple times over its lifetime. This species' strategy is to protect against the unpredictable survivability of their offspring, in which if their first litter of offspring dies, they can reproduce again and replace the dead offspring. It also allows the organism to care for its offspring, as they will be alive during their development.


title: Fecundity

text: There are a multitude of factors that potentially affect the rates of fecundity. For example: ontogeny, population density and latitude.


title: Fecundity

text: Fecundity in iteroparous organisms often increases with age but can decline at older ages. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relationship. For species with declining growth rates after maturity, the suggestion is that as the organism's growth rate decreases, more resources can be allocated to reproduction. Other possible explanations exist for this pattern for organisms that do not grow after maturity. These explanations include: increased competence of older individuals; less fit individuals have already died off; or since life expectancy decreases with age, older individuals may allocate more resources to reproduction at the expense of survival. In semelparous species, age is frequently a poor predictor of fecundity. In these cases, size is likely a better predictor.


title: Fecundity

text: Population density is often observed to negatively affect fecundity, making fecundity density-dependent. The reasoning behind this observation is that once an area is overcrowded, fewer resources are available for each individual. Thus there may be insufficient energy to reproduce in high numbers when offspring survival is low. Occasionally high density can stimulate the production of offspring, particularly in plant species, because if there are more plants, there is food to lure pollinators, who will then spread that plant's pollen and allow for more reproduction.


title: Fecundity

text: There are many different hypotheses to explain the relationship between latitude and fecundity. One claimed that fecundity increases predictably with increasing latitude. Reginald Morean proposed this hypothesis, the explanation being that there is higher mortality in seasonal environments.


title: Fecundity

text: A different hypothesis by David Lack attributed the positive relationship to the change in daylight hours found with changing latitudes. These differing daylight hours, in turn, change the hours in which a parent can collect food. He also accounts for a drop in fecundity at the poles due to their extreme amounts of day lengths, which can exhaust the parent.


title: Fecundity

text: Fecundity intensity due to seasonality is a hypothesis proposed by Phillip Ashmole. He suggests latitude affects fecundity due to seasonality increasing with increasing latitudes. This theory relies on the mortality concept proposed by Moreau but focuses on how seasonality affects mortality and, in turn, population densities. Thus in places with higher mortality, there is more food availability, leading to higher fecundity. Another hypothesis claims that seasonality affects fecundity due to varying lengths of breeding seasons. This idea suggests that shorter breeding seasons select a larger clutch size to compensate for the reduced reproduction frequency, thus increasing those species' fecundity.


title: Fecundity

text: Fecundity is a significant component of fitness. Fecundity Selection builds on that idea. This idea claims that the genetic selection of traits that increase an organism's fecundity is, in turn, advantageous to an organism's fitness.


title: Fecundity

text: Fecundity Schedules are data tables that display the patterns of birth amongst individuals of different ages in a population. These are typically found in life tables under the columns Fx and mx.


title: Fecundity

text: Fx lists the total number of young produced by each age class, and mx is the mean number of young produced, found by finding the number of young produced per surviving individual. For example, if you have 12 individuals in an age class and they produced 16 surviving young, the Fx is 16, and the mx is 1.336.


title: Fecundity

text: Additionally, social trends and societal norms may influence fecundity, though this influence tends to be temporary. Indeed, it is considered impossible to cease reproduction based on social factors, and fecundity tends to rise after a brief decline.


title: Fecundity

text: In sexual evolutionary biology, especially in sexual selection, fecundity is contrasted to reproductivity.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: Last Flag Flying is a 2017 American war comedy-drama film directed by Richard Linklater with a screenplay by Linklater and Darryl Ponicsan, based upon the latter's 2005 novel of the same name. It stars Steve Carell, Bryan Cranston, and Laurence Fishburne as three Vietnam War veterans who reunite after one of their sons is killed in the Iraq War.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: Ponicsan's 2005 novel "Last Flag Flying" is a sequel to his 1970 novel "The Last Detail", which covered the same characters earlier in their lives. For that reason, "Last Flag Flying" has been described as an unofficial sequel to the earlier novel's 1973 film adaptation, "The Last Detail".


title: Last Flag Flying

text: Principal photography began in Pittsburgh in November 2016. The film had its world premiere at the New York Film Festival on September 28, 2017, and was released in the United States by Amazon Studios and Lionsgate on November 3, 2017.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: In 2003, Larry "Doc" Shepherd visits the bar of Sal Nealon, a Marine veteran who he served with in Vietnam. Sal joins Doc on an impromptu drive where Doc reveals that he has also tracked down another friend from Vietnam, now-Reverend Richard Mueller. Sal and Doc are invited to dinner with the Muellers, where Doc reveals he is recently widowed and just lost his only son in Iraq. He admits he tracked down Sal and Mueller in the hope that they would accompany him to collect the body of his son Larry Jr. and take him to his scheduled burial. Sal agrees, though Mueller is hesitant, claiming that Sal and Doc represent a dark period in his life. His wife urges him to do it, and he reluctantly agrees to accompany them.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: Along the way, Sal and Mueller clash over their differing philosophies and their mutual guilt over their past; both Sal and Mueller (nicknamed the Mauler) indulged in alcohol, drugs and prostitutes while on deployment, and on one occasion used up the entire supply of then-19 year old Doc's painkillers, which led to a needlessly painful death for one of their fellow Marines and a bad conduct discharge for Doc. Sal, who has no social filter from a head injury from the war, continually gets under Mueller's skin for having found religion, whilst Mueller expresses frustration at Sal's lack of maturity. At Dover Air Force Base, Doc requests to view the maimed body of his son, against the advice of Mueller and LtCol Willits. During the viewing, LCpl Charlie Washington, Larry Jr.'s close friend, reveals to Sal and Mueller that Larry Jr. had been killed while shopping at an Iraqi market, contrary to the official story of dying while fighting heroically; Sal reveals the truth to a disillusioned Doc, who refuses the Arlington National Cemetery burial and insists on giving Larry Jr. a civilian burial. Willits orders Washington to accompany the body and coerce Doc into changing his mind about having his son buried in civilian clothing.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: Sal, Mueller and Doc begin a long road trip back home, waylaid by the Department of Homeland Security (alerted by their cash rental, vague destination and Mueller's praying) and a missed train in New York City. Over the course of the journey, the clashing becomes more good natured and Doc begins to boost in the company of his friends. Sal asks Doc to move to his town to run the bar with him, and the three purchase their first cell phones to stay in contact. Their trip takes them to Boston where Sal insists that they meet the mother of Jimmy Hightower, the fellow Marine who died painfully without morphine. When they arrive, they realise that Mrs. Hightower was given the same story about her son's heroism that Doc was given about Larry Jr.; Sal decides not to deny her the story and the trio pretend to have been the men that Hightower saved when he was killed in action.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: The group return to Portsmouth for Larry Jr.'s funeral, and where Washington persuades Doc that Larry's civilian suit will be too small and he should be buried in his dress blues. At the burial, Sal and Mueller wear their uniforms, and participate in the flag-folding ceremony. Back at Doc's house, Charlie gives Doc a letter from Larry Jr., claiming not to have read it. Doc reads his wishes: to be buried beside his mother wearing his uniform. Doc smiles as Larry thanks him for being a great father.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: In August 2016, it was announced that Richard Linklater would direct from a script co-written with Darryl Ponicsan, based on Ponicsan's novel, and Amazon Studios would produce and distribute the film. Bryan Cranston, Steve Carell, and Laurence Fishburne were the first actors cast in the film. In October 2016, J. Quinton Johnson joined the cast. Richard Robichaux's casting was announced in November. Principal photography began in November 2016 in Pittsburgh.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: The film had its world premiere at the New York Film Festival on September 28, 2017. It was scheduled to be released on November 17, 2017, but was moved forward to November 3, 2017, when Lionsgate was announced to co-distribute the film alongside Amazon Studios.


title: Last Flag Flying

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 77% based on 220 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Last Flag Flying" balances raw drama against refreshing moments of humor in an impeccably cast film that wrestles with questions of patriotism, family, and grief." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Last Flag Flying

text: Writing for "Rolling Stone", Peter Travers gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing some of the writing, saying, "Linklater can't protect them from all the script's potholes, including sentiment, contrivance and a galling mixed-message ending. But spending time in the company of Carell, Cranston and Fishburne? That truly is a pleasure."


title: Ziz

text: The Ziz (Hebrew: ) is a giant griffin-like bird in Jewish mythology, said to be large enough to be able to block out the sun with its wingspan.


title: Ziz

text: It is considered a giant animal/monster corresponding to archetypal creatures. Rabbis have said that the Ziz is comparable to the Persian Simurgh, while modern scholars compare the Ziz to the Sumerian Anzû and the Ancient Greek phoenix.


title: Ziz

text: There is only passing mention of the Ziz in the Bible, found in "I know all the birds of the mountains and "Zīz śādeh" is mine" and "The boar from the forest ravages it, and "Zīz śādeh" feeds on it", and these are often lost in translation from the Hebrew, being referred to in most English translations as ambiguous "beasts" and referred to as neither singular nor avian. The Jewish aggadot say of the Ziz:


title: Ziz

text: Non-Jews also knew of the Ziz. Johannes Buxtorf's 1603 "Synagoga Judaica" discusses the Ziz. His text is echoed in English by Samuel Purchas in 1613:


title: Over the Sky

text: Toho announced an original anime film to be helmed by Sena in his film directorial debut in March 2020, with Matsumoto debuting in a leading role for an animated film and Seto taking a voice acting role for the first time. Additional cast of the film were announced in August and October 2020.


title: Over the Sky

text: "Over the Sky" premiered in Ikebukuro on November 11, 2020, and was released in Japan on November 27. The film bombed at the box office on its opening day.


title: Over the Sky

text: At school, Mio Miyamasu and her classmate and childhood friend Arata Kishimo discuss the boundary between sky and space, with Arata suggesting it is called "over the sky". After her markup exam, Mio is approached by her best friend Madoka and learns that she also likes Arata, causing uneasiness since she has trouble admitting her feelings. Arata begins to see several white orbs while visiting a fortune-telling shop with Mio. The two argue afterward, with Mio leaving Arata behind after questioning their relationship. Later night, a heartbroken Mio decides to tell her true feelings for Arata, but she gets involved in a traffic accident.


title: Over the Sky

text: The next day, Mio tries to approach Arata but seems unnoticed by him. As they ride home, Mio is transported to a different world called "World Border" and meets her favorite character Gimon. As Gimon guides Mio to a new world where she will forget everything, they are stopped by a kimono-wearing girl who introduces herself as Kiku-chan. Kiku-chan explains that she accidentally arrived in World Border due to an out-of-body experience, and needs to be returned to the human realm using a train ticket and the "desire" to return. Mio contacts Arata, who mysteriously answers it while in a hospital to visit Mio's unconscious body. Mio, Gimon, and Kiku-chan arrive at Forgotten Things Counter, but Mio has trouble telling the lost-and-found officer her memories with Arata so they visit the goddess, Mrs. Mori, for help. Following the mysterious call from Mio, Arata returns to the fortune-teller for help, but his soul suddenly leaves his body to arrive at the World Border.


title: Over the Sky

text: Despite successfully obtaining a ticket from the lost-and-found officer, the World Border's guardian Mogari prevents Mio from returning to the human realm. With the help of Gimon, Kiku-chan, and Arata, Mio arrives back to the human realm but is unable to reunite with her body. Arata brings Mio's unconscious body to the cliff where he has a great memory with her and hopes for her soul to return. Mio, accepting her fate, firmly resolves to return to the human realm, finally remembering her "desire" to tell Arata her love for him. She successfully returns to the human realm and reunites with Arata.


title: Over the Sky

text: In March 2020, Toho announced the production of an original "adolescent fantasy" anime film titled "Kimi wa Kanata" (lit. "You Are Beyond"), with Yoshinobu Sena directing it at Digital Network Animation. This is Sena's directorial debut with a theatrical film after directing "Vampire Holmes" (2015) and "The Onda Family, Including the Cat, Too" (2016). The film was originally intended to be a short film, but it was later changed into a feature-length film, with Sena correcting the script about twenty times. He borrowed around million for the production of the film.


title: Over the Sky

text: In March 2020, Honoka Matsumoto and Toshiki Seto were set to respectively star as Mio Miyamasu and Arata Kishimo. Sena suggested Matsumoto and Seto do an improvisational theater before recording their lines since they would be working for the first time. To create an atmosphere where their characters "might become lovers" in the film, Matsumoto and Seto performed in a setting where they were dating at a museum, with Sena playing as a "strange uncle". Additional cast of the film were announced in August 2020, including Saori Hayami as Kiku-chan, Yui Ogura as Madoka, and Kōichi Yamadera and Ikue Ōtani as Gimon. Mari Natsuki, Naoto Takenaka, Anna Tsuchiya, Nobuko Sendō, and Takehiro Kimoto also joined the cast to respectively voice Mrs. Mori, Mogari, Orika, Sachi Miyamasu, and a lost-and-found officer in October 2020.


title: Over the Sky

text: Japanese rock band Saji was announced to be performing the theme music for "Over the Sky" in September 2020, making it the first time the band would be performing for an anime film. The band's vocalist, Takumi Yoshida, composed the song later titled . Composer Tatsuhiko Saiki made his debut in an anime film by composing the film's original soundtrack, which was released in Japan on November 25, 2020. It includes the insert song sang by Mio in the film titled , with Sena writing its lyrics.


title: Over the Sky

text: A 30-second teaser trailer and teaser poster visual for "Over the Sky" were released in July 2020. A new 60-second trailer and the final poster visual for the film were released in October 2020. The film's novelization written by Sena and illustrated by Tomoyuki Abe was released by Kadokawa under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint in Japan on November 20, 2020. Promotional partners for the film included Animate Cafe, Seibu Railway, and Crossdine Cake Shop in Tokyo's Hotel Metropolitan.


title: Over the Sky

text: "Over the Sky" premiered at Toho Cinemas in Ikebukuro on November 11, 2020, and was released in Japan on November 27. The film was released in the United Kingdom on October 15, 2021. As part of the Kotatsu Japanese Animation Festival in Wales, the film was released on October 2 and 30, 2022, and on November 4.


title: Over the Sky

text: "Over the Sky" was released digitally in Japan on April 23, 2021. Crunchyroll began streaming the film in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland on October 21, 2021, while HBO Max released it with Portuguese and Spanish dubbing in the Latin America region on April 4, 2022.


title: Over the Sky

text: Allen Moody of "THEM Anime Reviews" gave "Over the Sky" 3 out of 5 stars, feeling that the film was a "smorgasbord of repurposed stuff from other shows" like "Fireworks" (2017), "Mirai" (2018), "Weathering with You" (2019), and the "Frozen" franchise. Moody criticized Mio's actions in the film and how she resolves her conflict through singing without making an effort.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin, (born 23 September 1949) is a Trinidadian-British actress, singer, presenter, author, businesswoman, and politician. She is known as presenter of children's programmes such as "Play School", "Play Away", "Jamboree" and "Fast Forward". On 28 June 2010, Lady Benjamin was introduced to the House of Lords as a life peer nominated by the Liberal Democrats.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin was born on 23 September 1949 in Pointe-à-Pierre, Trinidad and Tobago, one of six siblings, with three brothers and two sisters.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: When her father, "a policeman and a talented jazz musician", decided to emigrate to Britain, the children were left in the care of family friends. In 1960 the children went to join him in Beckenham, Kent. She has discussed the racist experiences she had when arriving in Britain as an immigrant.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Having left school to work in a bank, she studied for A-Levels at night school. After a spell as a stage actress in West End musicals, she began presenting children's television programmes in 1976, notably "Play School" for BBC.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin has appeared in "Hair", "Jesus Christ Superstar", "The Black Mikado" and "The Husband-In-Law", as well as several pantomimes. On screen, she appeared in the 1975 horror film "I Don't Want to Be Born" and starred in the 1977 film "Black Joy". Her television credits include "Angels", "Within These Walls", "Crown Court", "The Gentle Touch" and "Dixon of Dock Green". She appeared as Juniper in the first episode of "Bergerac" (1981).


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin read two stories for the "Story Teller" magazine series (1983 and 1984). She was chief executive of Floella Benjamin Productions Ltd, which had produced television programmes since 1987 and was dissolved in 2014. She had done the voice work of "U" and "PG" Video Standards Council information clips. In 2006, she appeared in an episode of "The Line of Beauty".


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Between 2007 and 2011, she guest-starred in the "Doctor Who" spin-off "The Sarah Jane Adventures" as Professor Rivers of the Pharos Institute in the stories "The Lost Boy", "The Day of the Clown", "The Eternity Trap", and "Sky". She also narrated three "making-of" documentaries on the "Doctor Who" DVD boxed set "The Black Guardian Trilogy". In 2007, she played a small role in the British comedy "Run Fatboy Run".


title: Floella Benjamin

text: She sings with Damn Right I Got The Blues, a rock and blues band, and has said, "When I sing I am in my element."


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin's 20th book, a memoir, "Coming to England", about moving from Trinidad, was published in 1997, and is now used to teach modern history to young people. It was made into a television film by CBBC in 2005.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Other books written by Floella and published by various houses include titles such as "Floella's Fun Book", "Why the Agouti Has No Tail", "Caribbean Cookery" and "Snotty and the Rod of Power". Many of her titles are aimed at children and development.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2001 New Year Honours for services to broadcasting. At that time she was chairperson of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). She has also won a Special Lifetime Achievement award from BAFTA. She was chairperson of the Women of the Year Lunch for five years and a Millennium Commissioner. She is president of the Elizabeth R Commonwealth Broadcasting Fund and a governor of the National Film and Television School. She was a governor of Dulwich College, where her mother once worked and her son had attended.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: In 2006, she was awarded the degree of honorary D.Litt. (Exon) by the University of Exeter for contributions to the life of the United Kingdom. Benjamin succeeded Lord Alexander of Weedon as Chancellor of the University of Exeter. She famously hugged graduates instead of traditionally shaking their hands during the graduation ceremonies. Benjamin stepped down from office in winter 2016 after ten years in the post.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: A statue of Benjamin is outside the University's student guild.(shown on the right) The plaque reads Consideration ~ "put yourself in the place of others and show empathy and respect. Never be judgmental".; Contentment ~ "Don't be jealous and envious, but be satisfied with what you have. That way you are open and ready to receive what is right for you."; Confidence ~ "Be a decent human being, feel worthy and like the person you are. Give and love unconditionally and more will come back to you." This was the first public statue of a named black woman in the UK.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: In 2008, she was appointed a Deputy lieutenant of Greater London. In the 2010 Dissolution Honours List, she was appointed a Liberal Democrat life peer, being created Baroness Benjamin, of Beckenham in the London Borough of Bromley on 26 June 2010. She was the first actress to become a peer in the House of Lords. In her maiden speech, she spoke of choosing Beckenham to reflect the legacy of her mother and father, and the importance of childhood. She referenced her support of such charities as NSPCC, Childline, and Barnados, and their work to protect and support the health and wellbeing of vulnerable children.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: In the 2020 Powerlist, Benjamin was listed in the Top 100 of the most influential people in the UK of African/African-Caribbean descent in the UK. The same year saw Benjamin appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to charity. On 12 March 2020, in an Investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace, she received the award from Prince Charles. In 2022 she was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters (D.Litt) by the University of Chester. She was made a member of the Order of Merit in 2022.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin's interest in education has also seen her on the "4Rs Commission" established by the Liberal Democrats to look into primary education in the UK.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: Benjamin is vice-president of NCH Action for Children and Barnardo's, and was in the NSPCC's Hall of Fame. She runs the London Marathon to raise funds for Barnardo's and the Sickle Cell Society. She was a cultural ambassador for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In September 2011, she participated in the Great North Run. She features in the BBCs CBeebies animation "Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies".


title: Floella Benjamin

text: In July 2007 she spoke of what she saw as the low standard of children's television and in March 2013, she used a speech marking International Women's Day to warn of the impact on children of the availability of violent pornographic material online, saying that this was leading to the increasing objectification of women.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: In October 2015 in a talk to migrant children, Floella Benjamin said that dropping her accent was the key to her success and that migrant pupils should do the same to avoid racism and bullying.


title: Floella Benjamin

text: In June 2022, as chair of the Windrush Commemoration Committee, she unveiled a statue in Waterloo Station by the sculptor Basil Watson as the National Windrush Monument in the presence of the Duke of Cambridge.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: Trolls is an American animated media franchise created by DreamWorks Animation, inspired by the successful line of Troll doll toys created by Thomas Dam. The franchise consists of two feature films, "Trolls", released in 2016, and "Trolls World Tour" released in 2020, two holiday television specials: "Trolls Holiday" and "" and two animated series: "" on Netflix, and "" on Hulu and Peacock.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Trolls" is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy film based on the Troll dolls created by Thomas Dam. Mike Mitchell directed the film, with Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger serving as the writers. The film is based on a story by Erica Rivinoja. The film features the voices of Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Zooey Deschanel, Christine Baranski, Russell Brand, James Corden, Ron Funches, Jeffrey Tambor, John Cleese and Gwen Stefani. The film follows two trolls who go on a quest to save their village from destruction by the Bergens, creatures who eat Trolls to be happy.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: DreamWorks announced plans for a film based on the Troll toyline as early as 2010. This version was to be written by Adam Wilson and Melanie Wilson LaBracio. By 2012, Chloë Grace Moretz had already been cast in the female lead role and Jason Schwartzman was reported to have been offered the male lead. In September 2012, 20th Century Fox and DreamWorks Animation announced that the film with the working title "Trolls" would be released on June 5, 2015, with Anand Tucker set to direct the film, written by Wallace Wolodarsky and Maya Forbes.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: By April 2013, DreamWorks Animation had acquired the intellectual property for the Trolls franchise from the Dam Family and Dam Things. Having "big plans for the franchise," DreamWorks Animation became the exclusive worldwide licensor of the merchandise rights, except for Scandinavia, where Dam Things remains the licensor. In May 2013, the film was pushed back for a year to November 4, 2016. The same month, DreamWorks Animation announced that Mike Mitchell and Erica Rivinoja has been hired as a director and screenplay writer to "reimagine" the film as a musical comedy, which would present the origin of the Trolls' colorful hair. On June 16, 2014, Anna Kendrick joined the cast to voice Poppy, a princess. On September 15, 2015, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Justin Timberlake would voice a character named Branch. Timberlake previously worked with DreamWorks Animation as the voice of Arthur "Artie" Pendragon in "Shrek the Third" in 2007. The full cast announced their respective roles via announcements on Twitter on January 6, 2016.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Trolls" premiered on October 8, 2016, at the BFI London Film Festival and was theatrically released in the United States on November 4 by 20th Century Fox and received mostly positive reviews from critics and grossed $346 million worldwide against its $125 million budget. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for "Can't Stop the Feeling!".


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Trolls World Tour" is a 2020 American computer-animated jukebox musical comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film is directed by Walt Dohrn, produced by Gina Shay, and written by Jonathan Aibel, Glenn Berger, Elizabeth Tippet, Maya Forbes and Wallace Wolodarsky, from a story by Aibel and Berger. The film stars the voices of Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, Rachel Bloom, James Corden, Ron Funches, Kelly Clarkson, Anderson .Paak, Sam Rockwell, George Clinton and Mary J. Blige.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: On February 28, 2017, Universal Pictures and DreamWorks Animation announced a sequel to the 2016 film "Trolls", with Anna Kendrick and Justin Timberlake reprising their roles as Poppy and Branch.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: In March 2017, podcasters the McElroy brothers began campaigning for roles in the film via a podcast titled "The McElroy Brothers Will Be in Trolls 2". Following the campaign's success, DreamWorks confirmed in September 2018 that the McElroy brothers would make cameo appearances in "World Tour".


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: Sam Rockwell, Chance the Rapper, Anthony Ramos, Jamie Dornan and Flula Borg were added to the cast in May 2018. Corden, Icona Pop, Funches, and Nayyar returned to reprise their roles. On June 12, 2018, the film was retitled as "Trolls World Tour". In October 2018, it was confirmed that Kelly Clarkson had joined the cast, and will perform an original song. In June 2019, along with promotional posters, new cast members have been announced, which include: J Balvin, Mary J. Blige, Rachel Bloom, George Clinton, Kenan Thompson, Ester Dean, Anderson .Paak and Gustavo Dudamel.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: Universal Pictures originally planned to release "Trolls World Tour" theatrically in the United States on April 10, 2020. It was later pushed back to April 17, 2020. Following the delay of "No Time to Die", it was once again pushed up to the original April 10 release date. On March 17, Universal announced that the film would be released simultaneously in theaters and through Premium Video on Demand on April 10 in the United States and Canada due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic receded, the film was released back in regular theatres.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: On April 9, 2020, Justin Timberlake expressed interest in participating in the future "Trolls" films during his Apple Music takeover, "I hope we make, like, seven Trolls movies, because it literally is the gift that keeps on giving". On November 22, 2021, it was announced that a third "Trolls" film would be released in theaters on November 17, 2023.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Travel Through Troll Village" is a short film included on the home media releases of "Trolls". In it, Cloud Guy provides the viewer with a tour of Troll Village while giving insights to its many residents.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: A promotional short for "Trolls Holiday", "Dress Up" follows Biggie playing dress-up with Mr. Dinkles only for Poppy to walk in on their playtime.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: A promotional short for "Trolls Holiday", "Together" features Satin and Chenile managing being stuck together while having different thoughts on what to do next.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: A promotional short for "Trolls Holiday", "Trolla-Palooza Tour" focuses on Branch as he copes with the idea that his musical talent isn't being noticed while playing on Tour with his friends.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Tiny Diamond Goes Back To School" is a traditionally-animated short film included on the home media releases of "Trolls World Tour". Taking place after the events of the film, the short follows Guy Diamond's son, Tiny Diamond as he struggles to find the perfect outfit for his new School year.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Trolls Holiday" is a Christmas special that premiered on NBC. The half-hour Christmas special was directed by Joel Crawford and produced by DreamWorks Animation. The main cast all reprised their roles, as their respective characters, most notably Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, Zooey Deschanel, and Icona Pop as Poppy, Branch, Bridget, and Satin (Aino Jawo) & Chenille (Caroline Hjelt), respectively.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: The special premiered on November 24, 2017 (Black Friday). The premiere of "Trolls Holiday" attracted 5.36 million viewers, with a 1.5 in the 18-49 demographic. It is the second most watched program of the night, behind "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", with 5.78 million viewers.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Trolls: Holiday in Harmony" is the second Christmas special that premiered on NBC. The half-hour Christmas special was written and directed by Sean Charmatz and Tim Heitz and produced by DreamWorks Animation.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: "Trolls: The Beat Goes On!" is an American animated web television series based on the film "Trolls". The series was released on Netflix on January 19, 2018 exclusively in the United States, Canada, Latin America, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, the Nordics, Benelux, and France.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: Amanda Leighton, Skylar Astin, Kari Wahlgren, Sam Lerner, David Kaye, David Fynn, Sean T. Krishnan, Kevin Michael Richardson, and Fryda Wolff provide the new voices for Princess Poppy, Branch, Bridget, King Gristle, King Peppy, Biggie and Mr. Dinkles, Guy Diamond, Smidge, DJ Suki and Satin & Chenille for this series respectively, with Ron Funches, and Walt Dohrn reprising their roles of Cooper, and Cloud Guy from the films, respectively.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: Shortly after the release of the first season, it was confirmed that there would be a second season, which was released on March 9 and consists of seven episodes. The third season was released on August 24, 2018, the fourth season on November 2, 2018, the fifth season on January 18, 2019, the sixth season on April 9, 2019, the seventh season on August 27, 2019, and the eighth and final season was released on November 22, 2019.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: On January 17, 2020, DreamWorks announced a new Trolls TV series, titled "Trolls: TrollsTopia", to be distributed exclusively on both Hulu and Peacock. The series was originally scheduled to be released in late 2020.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: Due to the effects of COVID-19 on Peacock's original release schedule, many of the planned originals, including this series, have been delayed. Hulu had not announced any delays and would release the series on schedule. The release date for the series on Hulu was confirmed to be November 19, 2020. The series was released on Hulu and Peacock on November 19, 2020. Following the events of "Trolls World Tour", the show focuses on Poppy building TrollsTopia, a community where all the Trolls tribes can live together. It features the cast of the previous series reprising their roles, with Kenan Thompson, Ron Funches, and Walt Dohrn reprising their roles of Tiny Diamond, Cooper, and Cloud Guy from the films, respectively.


title: Trolls (franchise)

text: A first season was released on November 19, 2020. A second season was released on March 18, 2021. A third season was released on June 10, 2021. A fourth season was released on September 2, 2021. A fifth season was released on December 9, 2021. A sixth season was released on February 17, 2022. A seventh and final season was released on August 11, 2022.


title: Gillian Vigman

text: Gillian Vigman (born January 28, 1972) is an American actress, comedian, and screenwriter. She has played Jack Box's Wife in many Jack in the Box commercials, and is a recurring cast member of the sketch comedy series "MADtv". Vigman also starred in the ABC comedy "Sons & Daughters", and had recurring roles in the sitcoms "Suburgatory" and "New Girl". Since 2020, she has voiced the character of Dr. T'Ana on the animated series "".


title: Gillian Vigman

text: Vigman was born in Morristown, New Jersey, to a British mother and American father. Her father was born to Jewish parents, whereas her mother converted to Judaism.


title: Gillian Vigman

text: She started her professional comedy career in Chicago working for The Second City. Prior to joining the cast of "MADtv", Vigman toured with The Second City National Touring Company in 2000, to launch its 20th anniversary S season.


title: Gillian Vigman

text: She first appeared on "MADtv" in the eighth episode of the eighth season in a sketch called "The Real Bachelor." She is only the second cast member to appear in an earlier season before joining the regular recurring cast. Only Daniele Gaither, who appeared in a sketch in season two before joining the cast in Season Nine, has obtained such a distinction.


title: Gillian Vigman

text: Vigman officially joined the cast of "MADtv" in 2003, as a feature performer, for the ninth season. At the end of Season Nine, in 2004, her contract was not renewed.


title: Gillian Vigman

text: She made appearances on several television shows like "I Love the '90s", "Scrubs", "World Cup Comedy" and "Cupid" before starring in the ABC comedy "Sons & Daughters", playing the role of Liz Walker. After "Sons & Daughters", Vigman appeared on a number of hit shows including "According to Jim", "Parks and Recreation", and "New Girl", before landing the recurring part of Jill Werner on "Suburgatory" in 2011. Her film credits include "The Hangover" series, "The 40-Year-Old Virgin", "After the Sunset", "Dragonfly", and "Love 101".


title: Gillian Vigman

text: She has appeared in various commercials, including for Hanes, Jack in the Box, Chase, Swiffer, Splenda, Esurance, 1-800 Contacts, DirectTV, United Airlines, Rooms to Go, Buick, Real California Milk, and Progressive Insurance.


title: Shruti Seth

text: Shruti Seth is an Indian actress and video jockey. Having begun her career as television show host, she gained wider recognition with her roles as comedian in several television shows and the Hindi film industry.


title: Shruti Seth

text: Born and brought up in Mumbai, Maharashtra, Seth graduated St. Xavier's College with a degree in economics. She ventured into a modelling career and began hosting television shows for Channel V. A significant turning point came in her career when she cast in the role of Jiya Malhotra, a teenage in Star Plus's comedy series "Shararat" (2003–06). The show's popularity grew over the years and Seth gained prominence for her performance.


title: Shruti Seth

text: Seth made her film debut in 2003 with "Waisa Bhi Hota Hai Part" II, and later earned praise for her supporting roles in top-grossing productions"Fanaa" (2006) and "Slumdog Millionaire" (2008). Seth starred in Disney Channel's original series "The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir" and continued to host such television shows as the "Comedy Circus series".


title: Shruti Seth

text: Seth attended Ashok Academy and graduated from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai with a degree in Economics and Commerce. She is married to film director Danish Aslam, and together they have a daughter named Alina.


title: Shruti Seth

text: A controversy arose when Aslam commented on Twitter in critique of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's #"selfiewithdaughter" campaign for women and girls, which he announced in his "Mann Ki Baat" radio address. After this she started to receive abuse through Twitter and social media. This resulted in members of the media and Bollywood defending her against the abuse.


title: Shruti Seth

text: Seth started her career as a guest relation executive at the Taj Mahal Hotel, Bombay. She began modelling at the same time "to make some pocket money", and was soon offered guest roles in a few television shows. Seth then hosted such successful shows as "First Day First Show" and "Junglee Jukebox" on Channel V. She said, in a later interview, that it was her time as a video jockey and television presenter on the channel "that firmly put me on the map."


title: Shruti Seth

text: Seth auditioned for a role in the Star Plus sitcom "Shararat". Co-starring Farida Jalal and Eva Grover, the show followed the life of teenager who, on her eighteenth birthday, discovers she has magical powers. Seth was cast in the lead role; her performance received positive response from critics and fans. The show was in itself a surprise success and ran for three years on the network.


title: Shruti Seth

text: Seth went on to star in other television show including "Kyun Hota Hai Pyarrr", "Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand", and "Rishta.com" on Sony Entertainment Television. On "Rishta.com", she said in an interview that, "They (the Yash Raj serials) haven't got any TRPs at all. But it's not for the people who are watching TV in the first place. The whole TRP game is very skewed. I don't believe that in a population of over a billion people, 15,000 households decide what the entire country wants to watch. This lot of Yash Raj was conceptualised for those who are not watching TV". She further said in the same interview that "All our loyal audience for my serial on TV is in London, America, South Africa, Australia. It's not that the Indians will not like it, it's just sad that they are not aware of it, because the publicity has been disappointing". She has also hosted several seasons of "Comedy Circus" on Sony Channel.


title: Shruti Seth

text: Seth has starred in a few films. On moving from television to films, she stated that, "I haven't really moved on to anything. It's not that I would not do TV and only do films. Yes, more avenues have started opening for me. I am game for doing something exciting on any medium – stage, celluloid or TV". She is probably best known for her role as Fatima "Fatty" in "Fanaa" (2006) with Aamir Khan and Kajol. She starred in "Tara Rum Pum", produced by Yash Raj Films and made an appearance in Prakash Jha's film "Raajneeti" in 2010. On her role in "Rajneeti", she said in an interview that "I am hoping that my hard-hitting role in "Rajneeti" will change my being typecast, because it is the most unlikely character one would expect me to play".


title: Contempt

text: Contempt is a pattern of attitudes and behaviour, often towards an individual or a group, but sometimes towards an ideology, which has the characteristics of disgust and anger.


title: Contempt

text: The word originated in 1393 in Old French contempt, contemps, from the Latin word "contemptus" meaning "scorn". It is the past participle of "contemnere" and from "con"- intensive prefix + "temnere" "to slight, scorn". "Contemptuous" appeared in 1529.


title: Contempt

text: It is classified among Paul Ekman's seven basic emotions of contempt, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.


title: Contempt

text: Robert C. Solomon places contempt on the same continuum as resentment and anger, and he argues that the differences between the three are that resentment is anger directed towards a higher-status individual; anger is directed towards an equal-status individual; and contempt is anger directed towards a lower-status individual.


title: Contempt

text: Ekman and Friesen (1986) identified a specific facial expression that observers in ten different cultures, both Western and non-Western, agreed signaled contempt. In this study, citizens of West Sumatra, Indonesia, viewed photos of American, Japanese, and Indonesian people. Their ability to classify some facial expressions as contempt versus the primary emotions of anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, fear, or surprise showed that across cultures, general contempt is universally understood (with level of agreement equating to 75%).


title: Contempt

text: "An expression in which the corner of the lip is tightened and raised slightly on one side of the face (or much more strongly on one side than the other) signaled contempt." This study showed that contempt, as well as the outward expression of contempt, can be pointed out across Western and Non-Western peoples when contrasted with other primary emotions..


title: Contempt

text: In American English the use of the word "contempt" has declined since the early 19th century, while in the 21st century the word "disrespect" has become relatively more common.


title: Contempt

text: Paul Ekman, a widely recognized psychologist, found six emotions that were universally recognized: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. Findings on contempt are less clear, though there is at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized.


title: Contempt

text: Contempt has five features. Contempt requires a judgment concerning the appearance or standing of the object of contempt. In particular, contempt involves the judgment that, because of some moral or personal failing or defect, the contemned person has compromised his or her standing "vis-à-vis" an interpersonal standard that the contemptor treats as important. This may have not been done deliberately but by a lack of status. This lack of status may cause the contemptuous to classify the object of contempt as utterly worthless, or as not fully meeting a particular interpersonal standard. Therefore, contempt is a response to a perceived failure to meet an interpersonal standard. Contempt is also a particular way of regarding or attending to the object of contempt, and this form of regard has an unpleasant affective element. Contempt may be experienced as a highly visceral emotion similar to disgust, or as cool disregard.


title: Contempt

text: Contempt has a certain comparative element. In David Hume's studies of contempt, he suggests that contempt essentially requires apprehending the “bad qualities” of someone “as they really are” while simultaneously making a comparison between this person and ourselves. Because of this reflexive element, contempt also involves what we might term a “positive self-feeling” of the contemptuous. A characteristic of contempt is the psychological withdrawal or distance one typically feels regarding the object of one's contempt. This psychological distancing is an essential way of expressing one's nonidentification with the object of one's contempt and it precludes sympathetic identification with the object of contempt. (Hume, 2002, 251) Contempt for a person involves a way of negatively and comparatively regarding or attending to someone who has not fully lived up to an interpersonal standard that the person extending contempt thinks is important. This form of regard constitutes a psychological withdrawal from the object of contempt.


title: Contempt

text: Contempt can serve a useful purpose in a moral community. An ethics of contempt provides a much larger breadth of answers than other competing systems of ethics, whether they be based on ethics of actions (judging actions by their rightness or wrongness) or ethics of feelings (e.g., ethics of resentment). By feeling contempt for those things which are found to be unethical, immoral, or morally unsavory, one can both show that they are bad and remove them from the moral community.


title: Contempt

text: The main response of contempt lies within “publicized expression of low regard for the objects held in contempt” (Miller, C.H., 2005). By this reasoning, a person holding contempt would not have the urge to openly confront the person with whom they are at odds, nor would they themselves try to remove the object of contempt; rather, one who holds contempt would have the tendency to hold the view that others should remove the object of contempt, or hold the view that the object of contempt should remove itself. So while one would make their feelings known to others, the person with contempt would not necessarily want to directly deal with the situation at hand. One who is experiencing contempt would exhibit negative affective behaviors that may be labeled as “cold” – this simply meaning that one who is experiencing the emotion of contempt would tend to alienate those responsible.


title: Contempt

text: Men and women act differently when displaying contempt in same-sex relationships. Not only do girls engage in more non-verbal forms of social aggression than boys do, girls dissembled more than boys do, speaking nicely but making mean faces. In the research provided by Underwood (2004) in their laboratory observation studies where they watch girls and boys in an identical social context in which best friends respond to a provoking newcomer, gender differences emerge not for the verbal behaviours, but for the nonverbal expressions of disdain and contempt (which are so glaring that they were observed with high degrees of inter-coder reliability by both women and men, kappa's exceeding .8; Underwood et al., 2003).


title: Contempt

text: There are several reasons why girls can be especially prone to conveying anger and contempt by nonverbal forms of social exclusion. One reason may be that girls are socialized from infancy onward to be overtly nice and conciliatory and do so to avoid conflict whenever possible, for fear of being excluded from relationships, disliked, or punished (for reviews, see Brown and Gilligan, 1993; Underwood, 2003; Zahn-Waxler, 2000). Non-verbal forms of social exclusion may be a highly effective way to harm someone with relatively few social consequences; the hurtful act is fleeting, can often be executed behind the victim's back and outside of the watchful eyes of adults, and, even if caught, mean faces are typically not punished. Second, girls may hurt one another via non-verbal expressions of exclusion or disdain because girls and women may gaze at others more for reasons related to their lower social status, so as to learn as much as possible about others’ needs and desires (see LaFrance, 2002, for a discussion of ‘Smile boycotts and other body politics’, p. 319).


title: Contempt

text: Because girls and women gaze at others often, perhaps mean glares are more effective as a means of wielding power. Third, non-verbal forms of social exclusion may be powerful for girls because their relationships involve high levels of intimacy and self-disclosure (see Buhrmester and Prager, 1995, for a review), thus even subtle indicators of exclusion are threatening. Fourth, non-verbal forms of social exclusion may be powerful for girls because although they fiercely desire and defend popularity with other girls, they dread being labelled as ‘stuck up’ (Merten, 1997).


title: Contempt

text: In 2003, the Palo Alto City Council defeated a resolution that would have discouraged elected officials from facial expressions conveying contempt at public meetings; this was proposed because council members were so weary of colleagues intimidating one another by these subtle but rude facial expressions.


title: Contempt

text: Research demonstrates how childhood abuse ties into maladaptive communication dynamics consisting of contempt-laden conflict and emotional withdrawal. These findings are important because maladaptive marital communication may be one mechanism by which traumatic childhood experiences translate into poor adult relationship quality. Forms of verbal aggression, such as contempt, belligerence, and defensiveness, are associated with destructive, hostile patterns of conflict resolution ( [Gottman et al., 1998] and [Straus, 1979]). Couples who use such communication styles are more likely to have higher levels of marital distress (Roberts, 2000), lower levels of marital satisfaction (Holman and Jarvis, 2003), and lower levels of marital stability ([Gottman et al., 1998], [Holman and Jarvis, 2003] and [DeMaris, 2000]).


title: Contempt

text: Gottman (1999) identified several behaviors that are particularly indicative of distress in relationships. One series of behaviors, which he termed the "four horsemen," includes a cascading of responses such as expressing criticism, defensiveness, contempt, sarcasm, hostility, and withdrawal, the combination of which indicates a critical state of marriage dissolution.


title: Contempt

text: Carstensen, Gottman, and Levenson (1995) found that “Negative emotional behavior, such as expressed anger, sadness, contempt, and other negative emotions, appears to be the best discriminator between satisfied and dissatisfied marriages”. Carstensen, Gottman, and Levenson (1995) also discovered that “In terms of speaker behaviors, wives were coded as showing more total emotion, negative emotion, anger, joy, contempt, whining, and sadness.” This supports the stereotype that women express more emotion than men both in general and in relationships. It also supports the idea that men are less expressive than women and tend to be more defensive minded in conversations.


title: Contempt

text: Six short self-report measures were used to assess several component communication skills (Gottman 1999). Specifically, the questionnaires assessed Repair Attempts, Accepting Influence, Harsh Start-Up, Flooding, Gridlock, and the Four Horsemen. These six measures were chosen because they were of theoretical and clinical interest to the authors, incorporated both adaptive and maladaptive communication behaviors, and included those aspects of couple communication considered by many to be most toxic, including withdrawal and contempt (Gottman 1999; Gottman et al. 1998; Johnson 2003). Finally, the Four Horsemen create a cascading sequence of responses in which one partner expresses criticism and the other partner responds with defensiveness, causing the first partner to react to the defensiveness with contempt, sarcasm, and/or hostility with their partner, eventually withdrawing from, or stonewalling, the conversation. This cascading negative sequence which occurs as a repetitive, interlocking pattern is believed to signify a critical end-stage process of relationship dissolution, representing a final common causal pathway to relationship dissolution (see Gottman 1994).


title: Contempt

text: In the book "Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking", author Malcolm Gladwell discusses John Gottman's theories of how to predict which couples will stay married. Gottman's theory states that there are four major emotional reactions that are destructive to a marriage: defensiveness, stonewalling, criticism, and contempt. Among these four, Gottman considers contempt the most destructive of them all. For all other forms of aggression the Four Horsemen emerged as significant predictors of classification, which is expected given that this construct includes very negative, contemptuous behaviors. This is consistent with marital research, which contends that these communication behaviors are highly toxic, and erode relationship satisfaction (Cornelius et al. 2007; Gottman 1999).


title: Contempt

text: People feel contempt towards a low-status individual at a distant proximity, with other emotions resulting from different combinations.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: Draco is a genus of agamid lizards that are also known as flying lizards, flying dragons or gliding lizards. These lizards are capable of gliding flight via membranes that may be extended to create wings (patagia), formed by an enlarged set of ribs. They are arboreal insectivores.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: While not capable of powered flight they often obtain lift in the course of their gliding flights. Glides as long as have been recorded, over which the animal loses only in height, which is quite some distance, considering that one lizard is only around in total length, tail included. They are found across Southeast Asia and southern India. and are fairly common in forests, areca gardens, teak plantations and shrub jungle.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: Carl Linnaeus described the genus in 1758, with the type species being "Draco volans." The name of the genus is from the Latin term for mythological dragons. In the early and mid 20th century, there was controversy about their gliding capabilities, with some authors suggesting that the patagia were solely for display, but research in the late 1950s firmly established the gliding function of the patagia.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: The lizards are well known for their "display structures" and ability to glide long distances using their wing-like, patagial membranes supported by elongated thoracic ribs to generate lift forces. The hindlimbs in cross section form a streamlined and contoured airfoil, and are also probably involved in generating lift. Gliding is both used to escape predators, and as the primary means of moving through their forest habitat. The folding and unfolding of the membrane is controlled by the iliocostalis and intercostal muscles, that in other lizards are used to control breathing. At takeoff, the lizard jumps and descends headfirst, orientating itself so that the underside of the body is parallel to the ground. During flight, the back arches, forming the patagium into a cambered surface, and the forelimbs grab the front of the patagium, forming a straight front edge to the aerofoil. The forelimbs are used to manipulate the patagium in order to adjust the trajectory during flight. Maximum gliding speeds have been found to be between 5.2 and 7.6 metres per second, depending on the species. During the landing process, the glide is mostly horizontal. Immediately before landing, the forelimbs release the patagium. The landing is forefeet-first, followed by hindfeet. The shape of the gliding membrane does not correlate with body size, meaning the larger species have proportionately less lift-generating surface area and consequently higher wing loading.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: Members of "Draco" are primarily arboreal, inhabiting tropical rainforests, and are almost never found on the forest floor. They are insectivorous, primarily feeding on ants and termites. The colour of the patagium is strongly correlated to the colour of the local falling leaves, likely as camouflage against predatory birds.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: "Draco" lizards are highly territorial, with the home range consisting of one or a few trees. The trees are actively guarded by males, with territory-less males searching the forest landscape in search of vacant areas. Experimental studies have determined that suitable unoccupied territories were claimed within a few hours of the removal of a dominant male. Females move freely through the territories. The patagium is used as a display structure during courtship and territorial disputes between rival males, alongside the opening of a colourful dewlap. The dewlap is translucent, and deliberately orientated perpendicular to the orientation of the sun during display in order to enhance visibility. "Draco" is sexually dimorphic, with females being larger than males. The only time a female flying lizard ventures to the ground is when she is ready to lay her eggs. She descends the tree she is on and makes a nest hole by forcing her head into the soil. She then lays 2–5 eggs before filling the hole and guards the eggs for approximately 24 hours, but then leaves and has nothing more to do with her offspring.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: Species of "Draco" are widely distributed in the forests of Southeast Asia, and one species, "Draco dussumieri," inhabits Southern India.


title: Draco (lizard)

text: Within Agamidae, "Draco" is a member of the subfamily Draconinae. Within Draconinae, "Draco" is most closely related to the genera "Japalura" and "Ptyctolaemus."


title: Draco (lizard)

text: "Nota bene": a binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than "Draco".


title: Draco (lizard)

text: Several other lineages of reptile known from the fossil record have convergently evolved similar gliding mechanisms, the oldest of these being the weigeltisaurids, known from the Late Permian, around 258 to 252 million years ago. Other lineages include the Triassic kuehneosaurids and "Mecistotrachelos," and the Cretaceous lizard "Xianglong".


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence () are principles first mentioned in the Sino-Indian Agreement, 1954. They are mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in internal affairs, equality and co-operation for mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. Also known as Panchsheel, these principles were subsequently adopted in a number of resolutions and statements, including the preamble to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: The panchsheel agreement served as one of the most important relation build between India and China to further the economic and security cooperation. An underlying assumption of the Five Principles was that newly independent states after decolonization would be able to develop a new and more principled approach to international relations.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: According to V. V. Paranjpe, an Indian diplomat and expert on China, the principles of Panchsheel were first publicly formulated by Zhou Enlai — "While receiving the Indian delegation to the Tibetan trade talks on Dec. 31, 1953 [...] he enunciated them as "five principles governing China’s relations with foreign countries." Then in a joint statement in Delhi on 18 June 1954, the principles were emphasized by the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Premier Zhou Enlai in a broadcast speech made at the time of the Asian Prime Ministers Conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka just a few days after the signing of the Sino-Indian treaty in Beijing. Nehru went so far as to say: "If these principles were recognized in the mutual relations of all countries, then indeed there would hardly be any conflict and certainly no war." It has been suggested that the five principles had partly originated as the five principles of the Indonesian state. In June 1945 Sukarno, the Indonesian nationalist leader, had proclaimed five general principles, or pancasila, on which future institutions were to be founded. Indonesia became independent in 1949.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: The five principles were incorporated in modified form in a statement of Ten Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (known as "Dasasila Bandung") issued in April 1955 at the historic Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia, which did more than any other meeting to form the idea that post-colonial states had something special to offer the world. "A resolution on peaceful co-existence jointly presented by India, Yugoslavia and Sweden was unanimously adopted in 1957 by the United Nations General Assembly". The Five Principles as they had been adopted in Colombo and elsewhere formed the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement, established in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1961.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: China has often emphasized its close association with the Five Principles. It had put them forward, as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, at the start of negotiations that took place in Delhi from December 1953 to April 1954 between the Delegation of the PRC Government and the Delegation of the Indian Government on the relations between the two countries with respect to the disputed territories of Aksai Chin and what China calls South Tibet and India Arunachal Pradesh. The 28 April 1954 agreement mentioned above was set to last for eight years. When it lapsed, relations were already souring, the provision for renewal of the agreement was not taken up, and the Sino-Indian War broke out between the two sides.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: In 1979, when Atal Bihari Vajpayee, then India's Foreign Minister and future Prime Minister, went to China, the word "Panchsheel," found its way into the conversation during talks with the Chinese. On the 50th anniversary of the treaty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, said that "a new international order on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" should be built. Also in 2004, Premier Wen Jiabao said,


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: In June 2014, Vice President of India Hamid Ansari was welcomed by China into the Great Hall of the People in Beijing for the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the signing Panchsheel Treaty. In 2017, Chinese leader Xi Jinping said that "China is ready to work with India to seek guidance from the five principles of Panchsheel".


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are Chinese political norms articulated in other contexts as well. In 1982, Hu Yaobang's report to the 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party stated, "China adheres to an independent foreign policy and develops relationships with other countries under the guidance of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence." According to the view stated by Hu in this report, "China will never be dependent on any big country or group of countries, nor will it yield to the pressure of any big country [...] The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence apply to our relations with all countries, including socialist countries."


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are the fundamental political norms underlying the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CACF) and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC).


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: Since the 2011 NATO intervention in Libya, China has more strongly advocated for the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: China's United Nations Security Council voting behavior reflects its commitment to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. From 1991 to 2020, the vast majority of China's abstentions and all of its vetoes have occurred on issues that involve territorial integrity, primarily sanctions and the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. In her analysis of China's security council voting behavior, Professor Dawn C. Murphy concludes, "These votes directly correspond to China's promotion of the Five Principles, especially the principles of mutual respect for territory and sovereignty and mutual noninterference in the internal affairs of other states."


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: Bhimrao Ambedkar said of the treaty in the Rajya Sabha "I am indeed surprised that our Hon’ble Prime Minister is taking this Panchsheel seriously [...] you must be knowing that Panchsheel is one of the significant parts of the Buddha Dharma. If Shri Mao had even an iota of faith in Panchsheel, he would have treated the Buddhists in his country in a different manner." In 1958, Acharya Kriplani had said the Panchsheel was "born in sin" because it was set forth with the destruction of a nation; India had approved of ancient Tibet's destruction.


title: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

text: In 2014, Zhao Gancheng, a Chinese scholar said that on the surface Panchsheel seemed very superficial; but under Xi Jinping Administration it has become relevant again. In 2014, Ram Madhav wrote a piece in the "Indian Express" titled, "Moving beyond the Panchsheel deception" and said that if India and China decide to move on from the Panchsheel framework, it will benefit both countries.


title: Q (2011 film)

text: Q (released in the United States as Desire) is a 2011 French erotic drama film written and directed by Laurent Bouhnik.


title: Q (2011 film)

text: Set in Cherbourg, France and in a social context deteriorated by a countrywide economic crisis, the life of several people are turned upside down after they meet Cecile, a character who symbolizes desire. Cecile is a 20-year-old woman whose father recently died and she sets about to bury her grief by having sexual relations with various lovers of people that she knows and does not know. Chance is Cecile's boyfriend and a petty criminal who loves her, but he cannot satisfy her constant carnal desires. Matt is an auto mechanic friend of Chance whose girlfriend Alice refuses to have sex with him. Cecile also gives advice to her friends about how and how not to pleasure men and women. Unable to find inner peace through various sexual encounters with Chance, Matt and even Alice, Cecile finally discovers another path to healing.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: For the creation of the character, "Neon Genesis Evangelion" director Hideaki Anno took inspiration from his personality. Misato is also inspired by several real-life figures and other anime characters, including Usagi Tsukino from "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon". Critics have drawn parallels between Misato's characterization and concepts of philosophers and psychologists such as Carl Gustav Jung, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Nietzsche; Misato's feelings for her father have been linked to Jung's Electra complex, her personal philosophy to Schopenhauer's hedgehog dilemma, and her psychology to the Dionysian spirit postulated by Nietzsche.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: Misato has been widely popular with audiences and has appeared at the top of popularity polls. Some critics have contrasted her histrionic personality and sexual overtones with her 14-year-old subordinate and "Evangelion" protagonist Shinji Ikari; others have appreciated her spontaneity, tenacity, and endearment. She has also inspired merchandise and other subsequent anime characters.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: The franchise's creator Hideaki Anno initially proposed to include a female protagonist in "Neon Genesis Evangelion", a young woman similar to Asuka Langley Soryu accompanied by a female soldier in a "big sister" role similar to Kōichirō Ōta's character from Anno's previous work "GunBuster". At the request of Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, the series' character designer, the initial scenario was changed and Shinji Ikari, a male character, became the protagonist; ideas for the "older sister" character went into what would become Misato. As with other "Neon Genesis Evangelion" characters, the character's name was inspired by a Japanese Imperial Navy ship, the aircraft carrier "Katsuragi", and Misato Izumi, a female character from Minako Narita's manga "Aitsu". To outline her personality, Anno took inspiration from Usagi Tsukino, the 14-year-old protagonist of the series "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon", thinking of Misato as an adult version of Usagi. Sadamoto also drew Misato taking his cue from Usagi's character design and picking up her hair. The characters' aesthetic similarities were emphasized by the choice of Kotono Mitsuishi, the original performer of both roles, as Misato's voice actress.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: For her facial features, the staff took inspiration from Fujiko Mine from the anime "Lupin III" and Japanese writer Aya Sugimoto. Sadamoto tried to give Misato a "girl next door" role; she was originally thought of as a fashion-conscious woman who constantly changes her clothing and apparently unsuited to military life; she was also conceived as emotional, stubborn and frivolous, and able, if forced by events, to sleep with all of the men at Nerv. The artist, inspired by the clothes worn by racers, decided to portray her with motorcyclist dresses. As a motoring enthusiast, he also poured his passion into the character, depicting her as an admirer of sports cars. It was his idea to equip her with a modified Renault Alpine A310, which Ikuto Yamashita designed, as a nod to the first episode of "Lupin III", in which a Renault Alpine A110 appears. In the seventh episode, it was decided to have Misato drive a red Ferrari 328 GTS, and a Mazda Cosmo Sport 110 in the "Rebuild of Evangelion" series.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: During the production of the series, Anno read romance novels written by women so he could better understand their feelings and make Misato's characterization more realistic. He also relied on his personality, as well as with all characters in the series. The staff also relied on Anno to create the room and the character's handwriting. Anno himself stated during the production of the series: "I don't know what will happen to Shinji, Misato or Rei. I don't know where life will take them. Because I don't know where life is taking the staff of the production."


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: Several character-centered fanservice scenes were added in the early episodes, particularly exploiting the "Gainax bounce", a jerking of the female characters' breasts which had been used in "Daicon IV" and other previous Gainax works. At the end of almost all post-credit previews of the episodes, the authors also inserted Misato's voice shouting "Service, service!" or equivalent expressions, promising more fanservice to the "otaku" audience. This was removed from the second half of the series, which has more-adult and violent content than the first half. In the same episodes, Anno included some sex scenes, breaking a taboo in Japanese television, although "Evangelion" was broadcast on TV Tokyo in a protected time-slot, with the idea of wanting to show the audience, and more particularly children, that sex and violence are an integral part of human life. In the twentieth episode, he introduced an implied sequence with a long off-screen shot of Misato uttering verses of pleasure and arguing while having sex with her lover, Ryōji Kaji. The character's words were left up to Mitsuishi's sensibilities; the script had only Anno's direction that read, "Mitsuishi, I look forward to working with you". For the series finale, he decided instead to have Misato die in an armed confrontation and inserted a scene in which her bloody corpse is glimpsed for a few seconds; due to time constraints, the main plot of the series was abandoned and the episode script was quickly rewritten. The corpse scene was revived in 1997 for the film "", a remake of the classic series finale. Anno, while facing criticism, defended himself by saying:


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: In Japanese dubbing, Misato is played by Japanese voice actress Kotono Mitsuishi. Like other "Neon Genesis Evangelion" voice actors, Hideaki Anno chose Mitsuishi because of her Misato-like personality during a dinner. To draw parallels between them, the writers decided to match the birthdays and blood types of the character and her voice actress. Mitsuishi found the role both pleasing and difficult, because Misato cannot easily talk about her feelings. According to Mitsuishi, "During scenes where her feelings exploded or she poured out her heart, I also became a bit over-emotional ... My hands shook and it took all my might to keep the script I was holding from rustling and making noise". She cried while reading the script of the penultimate episode. For the character's last scene in "The End of Evangelion", in which Misato says goodbye to Shinji by leading him into an elevator, Mitsuishi received approval as early as the first cut.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: Mitsuishi reprised the role for the video game "" and the film tetralogy "Rebuild of Evangelion", which was produced ten years after the conclusion of the classic series. During the recording of the first chapter "" (2007), Mitsuishi was asked to strain her voice to sound younger due to the time elapsed between the works. For the third chapter in the saga "" (2012), which is set fourteen years after the first, Hideaki Anno asked her to act naturally and to be as cold as possible. Working on "You Can (Not) Redo", Mitsuishi asked the production what had happened to Misato but no-one gave her an explanation; she assumed something terrible had happened to the character and read her own lines as though everything was Shinji's fault. In the concluding chapter of the saga "" (2021), Anno, used theatrical techniques to ensure even in Misato's case the camera did not point at her face in particularly heavy scenes so Mituishi's interpretation would not be affected by her lip-reading. As Mitsuishi prepared for the character's last scene, she cried so much at the sight of the script she could not continue.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: In the English adaptation of the series and "Rebuild of Evangelion" she is voiced by Allison Keith, while for the international Netflix release of the series she is dubbed by Carrie Keranen.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: At the beginning of the anime, Misato is the Captain of the Tactical Operations Department of the special agency Nerv. Under her command, most of the important decisions in the battles between the mechas Evangelions against enemies known as Angels are made, and she takes responsibility for the outcomes. Her past is explored in the twelfth and twenty-first episodes of the series. At the age of thirteen, Misato followed her father Dr. Katsuragi on a scientific research expedition to the South Pole. On September 13, 2000, a natural disaster known as Second Impact occurs in Antarctica; all members of the expedition, including Dr. Katsuragi, die in the accident. Misato, the only survivor, is rescued by her parent in an escape pod. Shortly before his death, her father gives her a pendant in the shape of a Greek cross. The event causes Misato an emotional trauma, which causes her to fall into a state of psychogenic aphasia. To prevent an information leak on the Second Impact, Misato is detained in a research ship for at least two years.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: Five years after the catastrophe, Misato heals and enrolls in the university in the city Tokyo-2, where she meets the student Ritsuko Akagi. In the same period, she meets Ryoji Kaji, with whom she forms a romantic relationship that lasts two years. In 2009, after finishing her university studies, Misato joins the German division of a research center called Gehirn and meets Asuka Langley Soryu, a pilot assigned to command the Eva-02. She is later transferred to the Nerv special agency and returns to Japan, where she is promoted to the rank of captain. In 2015, she picks up Shinji Ikari, a pilot assigned to command the Eva-01, escorting him to the Nerv headquarters in the city Tokyo-3 in the first episode, "Angel Attack". After a short time, the woman becomes his legal guardian, hosting him in her apartment with her pet penguin Pen-Pen.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: During a trip on the United Nations naval fleet, Misato meets Kaji and Asuka again. Shortly after, she takes Asuka in custody, and thanks to her contribution other Angels are destroyed. Meanwhile, Misato encounters Kaji at work and tries to avoid him with a contradictory attitude, but they eventually become closer with time and form a romantic relationship again. After other war operations and the destruction of more enemies, Misato is promoted from Captain to Major. As events progress, however, Misato becomes suspicious of Ryoji, whom she discovers is a spy for the Japanese government. Misato discovers a giant anthropomorphic being, which Kaji identifies as the first Angel, Adam, which is responsible for the Second Impact, is being kept in the Nerv headquarters. Misato, shaken by the discovery, begins to doubt the real intentions of the Nerv and those of her friend Ritsuko Akagi, director of the technical department of the organization. Sometime later, Kaji dies, and Misato begins to persistently search for the truth about Second Impact and a plan known as the Human Instrumentality Project. With the help of her subordinate Makoto Hyuga, she gathers secret information about the intentions of the Human Instrumentality Project. In the movie "The End of Evangelion", the day she discovers the truth a secret organization called Seele orders the requisitioning of the Nerv headquarters, which is stormed by troops of the Japanese Strategic Self-Defense Forces. During the attack, Misato tries to get Shinji to safety and persuade him to go to the battlefield but she is mortally wounded and dies before the start of the Human Instrumentality.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: Further differences in the story and characterization of Misato appear in the "Rebuild of Evangelion" film tetralogy. During production, Anno wanted to assign her the role of co-protagonist of the "Rebuild" alongside Shinji, changing her personality. The feature film "" (2007) almost exactly follows the first six episodes of "Neon Genesis Evangelion"; Misato, as in the fourth episode of the classic series "Hedgehog's Dilemma", after the battle against the Angel Shamshel, scolds Shinji during a private conversation but when she leaves Shinji she slaps herself. In "Rebuild", Misato is aware of the presence of the second Angel Lilith in the Nerv headquarters, and reveals its existence to Shinji just before the battle against Ramiel. Before Operation Yashima, Shinji asks Misato why he was chosen as a pilot. Misato, holding his hand, replies that there is no particular reason and that gives him a valid reason to continue piloting and fighting for the salvation of mankind.


title: Misato Katsuragi

text: In the second installment of the saga, "" (2009), Misato appears less cautious and less reserved than in the original version; during the feature film, she pushes Shinji to get closer to his father Gendo and begins to emotionally talk with Asuka. At the end of the movie, during the battle against the tenth Angel, Misato encourages Shinji to save Rei Ayanami for danger, even though she is aware of the risks.