title: Isle of Arran

text: There are three through roads on the island. The coast road circumnavigates the island. In 2007, a stretch of this road, previously designated as A841, was de-classified as a C road. Travelling south from Whiting Bay, the C147 goes round the south coast continuing north up the west coast of the island to Lochranza. At this point the road becomes the A841 down the east coast back to Whiting Bay. At one point the coast road ventures inland to climb the pass at the Boguillie between Creag Ghlas Laggan and Caisteal Abhail, located between Sannox and Lochranza.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The other two roads run across from the east to the west side of the island. The main cross-island road is the B880 from Brodick to Blackwaterfoot, called "The String", which climbs over Gleann an t-Suidhe. About from Brodick, a minor road branches off to the right to Machrie. The single-track road "The Ross" runs from Lamlash to Lagg and Sliddery via Glen Scorodale (Gaelic: "Gleann Sgoradail").


title: Isle of Arran

text: The island can be explored using a public bus service operated by Stagecoach. The bus service is subsidised by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport. The main bus terminal on the island is located in Brodick at the Ferry Terminal. The newly upgraded facility offers routes to all parts of the island.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The main industry on the island is tourism, with outdoor activities such as walking, cycling and wildlife watching being especially popular. Popular walking routes include climbing to the summit of Goat Fell, and the Arran Coastal Way, a 107 kilometre trail that goes around the coastline the island. The Arran Coastal Way was designated as one of Scotland's Great Trails by Scottish Natural Heritage in June 2017.


title: Isle of Arran

text: One of Arran's greatest attractions for tourists is Brodick Castle, owned by the National Trust for Scotland. The Auchrannie Resort, which contains two hotels, three restaurants, two leisure complexes and an adventure company, is one of biggest employers on the island. Local businesses include the Arran Distillery, which was opened in 1995 in Lochranza. This is open for tours and contains a shop and cafe. A second visitor centre has been announced for the south of the island, due to open in 2019.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The island has a number of golf courses including the 12 hole Shiskine links course which was founded in 1896. The village of Lagg, at the southern tip of Arran, has a nudist beach. Known as Cleat's Shore, it has been described as one of the quietest nudist facilities in the world.


title: Isle of Arran

text: Farming and forestry are other important industries. Plans for 2008 for a large salmon farm holding 800,000 or more fish in Lamlash Bay have been criticised by the Community of Arran Seabed Trust. They fear the facility could jeopardise Scotland's first marine No Take Zone, which was announced in September 2008.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The Arran Brewery is a microbrewery founded in March 2000 in Cladach, near Brodick. It makes eight regular cask and bottled beers. The wheat beer, Arran Blonde (5.0% abv) is the most popular; others include Arran Dark and Arran Sunset, with a seasonal Fireside Ale brewed in winter. The brewery is open for tours and tastings. The business went into liquidation in May 2008, but was then sold to Marketing Management Services International Ltd in June 2008. It is now back in production and the beers widely available in Scotland, including certain Aldi stores, yet cutting staff in 2017 and 2018. Other businesses include Arran Aromatics, which produces a range of luxury toiletries, perfumes and candles, Arran Dairies, Arran Cheese Shop, James's Chocolates, Wooleys of Arran and Arran Energy who produce biomass wood fuels from island-grown timber.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The Scottish Gaelic dialect of Arran died out when the last speaker Donald Craig died in the 1970s. However, there is now a Gaelic House in Brodick, set up at the end of the 1990s. Brodick Castle features on the Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note and Lochranza Castle was used as the model for the castle in "The Adventures of Tintin", volume seven, "The Black Island".


title: Isle of Arran

text: Arran has one newspaper, "The Arran Banner". It was listed in the "Guinness Book of Records" in November 1984 as the "local newspaper which achieves the closest to a saturation circulation in its area". The entry reads: ""The Arran Banner", founded in 1974, has a readership of more than 97 per cent in Britain's seventh largest off-shore island." There is also an online monthly publication called "Voice for Arran", which mainly publishes articles contributed by community members.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The knitting style used to create Aran sweaters is often mistakenly associated with the Isle of Arran rather than the Irish Aran Islands.


title: Isle of Arran

text: Arran landscapes have been the inspiration for numerous famous artists including Cragie Aitchison, Joan Eardley, Jessie M King , and Samuel Peploe.


title: Isle of Arran

text: Red deer are numerous on the northern hills, and there are populations of red squirrel, badger, otter, adder and common lizard. Offshore there are harbour porpoises, basking sharks and various species of dolphin.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The island has three endemic species of tree, the Arran whitebeams. These trees are the Scottish or Arran whitebeam ("Sorbus arranensis"), the bastard mountain ash or cut-leaved whitebeam ("Sorbus pseudofennica") and the Catacol whitebeam ("Sorbus pseudomeinichii"). If rarity is measured by numbers alone they are amongst the most endangered tree species in the world. The trees grow in Glen Diomhan off Glen Catacol which was formerly a National Nature Reserve. Although this designation was removed in 2011 the area continues to form part of a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and is monitored by staff from NatureScot. Only 236 "Sorbus pseudofennica" and 283 "Sorbus arranensis" were recorded as mature trees in 1980. They are typically trees of the mountain slopes, close to the tree line. However, they will grow at lower altitudes, and are being preserved within Brodick Country Park.


title: Isle of Arran

text: Over 250 species of bird have been recorded on Arran, including black guillemot, eider, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, short-eared owl, red-breasted merganser and black-throated diver. In 1981 there were 28 ptarmigan on Arran, but in 2009 it was reported that extensive surveys had been unable to record any. However, the following year a group of 5 was reported. Similarly, the red-billed chough no longer breeds on the island. 108 km of Arran's upland areas is designated a Special Protection Area under the Natura 2000 programme due to its importance for breeding hen harriers.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The north of Lamlash Bay became a Marine Protected Area and No Take Zone under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, which means no fish or shellfish may be taken in the area. In 2014 the Scottish Government created Scotland's first Marine Conservation Order in order to protect delicate maerl beds off south Arran, after fishermen breached a voluntary agreement not to trawl in the vicinity. The sea surrounding the south of the island is now recognised as one of 31 of Mature Conservation Marine Protected Areas in Scotland. The designation is in place to the maerl beds, as well as other features including: burrowed muds; kelp, seaweed and seagrass beds; and ocean quahog.


title: Isle of Arran

text: The northern part of the island is designated a national scenic area (NSA), one of 40 such areas in Scotland which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection by restricting certain forms of development. The North Arran NSA covers 27,304 ha in total, consisting of 20,360 ha of land and a further 6,943 ha of the surrounding sea. It covers all of the island north of Brodick and Machrie Bay, as well as the main group of hills surrounding Goat Fell.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Jamie Robert Murray, (born 13 February 1986) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland who specialises in doubles. He is a seven-time Grand Slam doubles champion (five in mixed doubles and two in men's doubles), a Davis Cup winner, and a former doubles world No. 1. Murray is the elder brother of fellow tennis player and former singles world No. 1, Andy Murray.


title: Jamie Murray

text: He has won seven Grand Slam titles: in mixed doubles at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships, with Jelena Janković, the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2017 US Open, with Martina Hingis, and the 2018 and 2019 US Open, with Bethanie Mattek-Sands, and in men's doubles at the Australian Open and US Open in 2016, with Bruno Soares.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray had an early career partnership with Eric Butorac, winning three titles in 2007. His following seven ATP finals came with six different partners. In 2013, he began a new partnership with John Peers, winning six ATP tournaments, and reaching two Grand Slam finals. After this partnership ended, Murray played alongside Soares from 2016, with the new pair enjoying almost immediate success after winning only their second ATP tournament together. They went on to win the 2016 Australian Open and US Open, and Murray became world no. 1 in April that year, spending nine weeks at the top of the rankings. He and Soares split in 2019, with Murray competing alongside compatriot Neal Skupski until the end of 2020, winning one ATP title together. He then reunited with Soares, with the pair finishing runners-up at the 2021 US Open.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray was part of the Great Britain team that won the 2015 Davis Cup, the nation's first victory in the tournament for 79 years. He and his brother recorded crucial doubles victories in Britain's quarterfinal, semifinal and final wins.


title: Jamie Murray

text: The Davis Cup team was awarded the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award. Murray has also competed at the Summer Olympics on four occasions.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Brad Gilbert, who coached Andy Murray, gave Jamie the name 'Stretch' because of his 6-foot-3-inch height and long arms.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Jamie Murray was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the elder son of Judith (née Erskine) and William Murray. He grew up in Dunblane and attended Dunblane Primary School. He and his brother Andy were present during the 1996 Dunblane school massacre, when Thomas Hamilton killed 16 children and a teacher before shooting himself. Both brothers were part of a group of pupils who took cover in a classroom. His parents separated in 1998, with the boys living with their father while being mentored in tennis by their mother.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the age of 10, Jamie was No 3-ranked tennis player of his age in Europe. At 11 years and 5 months, he finished runner-up in the "boys under 12" category at the prestigious Junior Orange Bowl. Murray was the junior world number 2 when he was 13 years old and was selected to be educated at The Leys School in Cambridge with four other boys whilst being trained by national coaches. But being the youngest meant that instead of Leys, he went to St Faith's School down the road, which was a feeder school. He was isolated from the other players and the coaching wasn't to his liking, so after eight months he returned home. He has not criticised the coach in charge, and stated that blaming the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) would be an easy option. Back home, he did not touch a tennis racket for two years.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray supports Hibernian F.C. and Manchester United F.C. His maternal grandfather, Roy Erskine, is a retired professional footballer who played reserve team matches for Hibernian and in the Scottish Football League for Stirling Albion and Cowdenbeath.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In 2009, Jamie began dating Alejandra Gutiérrez, a Colombian MBA student. They married in Cromlix House near Dunblane on 28 October 2010, with brother Andy acting as best man; Andy would later buy and refurbish the struggling hotel, and both he and their father Willie also subsequently celebrated their wedding receptions at the venue.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray partnered Colin Fleming, winning their first Futures tournament on 4 September 2005 at the Great Britain F10 in Nottingham.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray/Fleming won Futures titles at Glasgow, Edinburgh and Exmouth, amassing a total of four Futures plus four satellite titles.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In October, they made their debut at an ATP Challenger tournament in Southampton. The duo won their first round match but were defeated in the quarterfinals. Murray also played in the singles tournament draw in which he won the first qualifying round match but lost the second qualifying.


title: Jamie Murray

text: That year, Murray also partnered Ross Hutchins, to win Futures in Bolton and Maïder Laval in Rimouski, Quebec


title: Jamie Murray

text: In November 2005, Murray was part of the Scotland team in the inaugural Aberdeen Cup against England. This was an exhibition tournament, and the first time that Jamie and his brother Andy Murray played doubles as seniors. Murray also played singles, and mixed doubles with Elena Baltacha. Scotland defeated England – .


title: Jamie Murray

text: In January 2006, Murray partnered Fleming in the Wrexham Challenger where they ended as runners-up after losing in the final to French duo Jean-François Bachelot and Stéphane Robert 6-4, 7-5.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In February, Murray and Fleming played together in the Wolfsburg Challenger where they reached the quarterfinals.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In April, Murray partnered Israeli Dudi Sela in the Santa Clarita Challenger where they lost in the first round. Murray also played the León Challenger, this time with fellow Briton Jamie Delgado where they lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In May, he returned to action, this time with Australian Alun Jones in the Men's Pro Challenger at Tunica National where they reached the second round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In June, he played with Fleming in the Surbiton Trophy where they lost in the first round against Mardy Fish and Jeff Morrison. That month, Murray made his debut in an ATP Tour tournament at the 2006 Nottingham Open partnering with his brother Andy. The siblings had to retire in the first round due to Jamie's injury when they were 0-4 down to Stan Wawrinka and Justin Gimelstob. Murray and Colin Fleming's success gained them a wildcard into the main draw of the men's doubles at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships, though they lost in the first round against Lucky Losers Zack Fleishman and Robert Smeets. Colin Fleming decided to quit the tour to return to the University of Stirling to complete his degree.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In July, Murray and Fleming reached the final of the Shelbourne Irish Open where they were defeated 6-3, 2-6, [10-8] against Jasper Smit and Martijn van Haasteren. That same month, the Murray brothers played together again at the Newport Hall of Fame Tennis Championships where they lost in the first round against Igor Kunitsyn and Danai Udomchoke. Murray stayed in the U.S. to play the Comerica Bank Challenger with American Mirko Pehar where they reached the semifinals. Murray and American player Eric Butorac, playing together for the first time, reached the final of the Los Angeles ATP tournament which they lost in straight sets to the world's top-ranked doubles team, the Bryan brothers. The pair came to be known as Booty and Stretch, putting their nicknames on the back of their shirts. Murray finished the month playing the Vancouver Open with Fleming, where their lost in the quarterfinals.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In August, Murray continued to make progress. He and Fleming reached the final of the Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger, where they lost to 7-5, 5-7, [10-3] against Scott Lipsky and David Martin. Murray ended his North American tour playing the GHI Bronx Tennis Classic with Chilean Paul Capdeville, where they lost in the quarterfinals. That same month, Murray won the Como Challenger along with Jamie Delgado, after beating Romanians Victor Crivoi and Gabriel Moraru in the final 6–2, 4–6, [10–7].


title: Jamie Murray

text: In September, the British duo remained in Italy to play the Genoa Open Challenger, where they lost in the final 6-4, 4-6, [13-11] against Adriano Biasella and Marcelo Charpentier. At the end of the month, Murray reached the final of the Bangkok ATP tournament with his brother Andy, losing to the top Israeli doubles pairing, Andy Ram and Jonathan Erlich.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In October, the brothers played together the Tokyo ATP tournament, where they reached the second round after losing to eventual runners-up Paul Goldstein and Jim Thomas. Jamie returned to play Challenger tournaments partnering with Delgado in the Nottingham Challenge, where they lost in the final 6-4, 4-6, [10-7] against Filip Prpic and Nicolas Tourte. In the Lambertz Open he switched partnership and played with Australian Jordan Kerr, where they reached the semifinals.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In November, Murray continued to play with Kerr and the duo reached the final of the Slovak Open (where they lost 7-5, 6-3 against Butorac and Travis Parrott) and the quarterfinals of the PEOPLEnet Cup. At the end of the month, the Aberdeen Cup was held for the second time. Playing for Scotland, Murray participated in the singles, doubles with Andy, and mixed doubles with Elena Baltacha. Scotland won –1.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In January, the Murray brothers reached the semifinals of the Qatar Open where they lost to eventual winners Mikhail Youzhny and Nenad Zimonjić.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In early February, Murray played with Butorac to claim their first doubles title in the AT&T Dallas Challenger after defeating Americans Rajeev Ram and Bobby Reynolds. They then won back to back doubles titles on the ATP Tour, at the Pacific Coast Championships in San Jose defeating Chris Haggard and Rainer Schüttler 7–5, 7–6 in the final and the Regions Morgan Keegan Championships at the Racquet Club of Memphis winning 7–5, 6–3 against Julian Knowle and Jürgen Melzer. Murray remained in the U.S. to play the Tennis Open in Las Vegas. This time, his partner was Australian Ashley Fisher and they reached the semifinals. These victories lifted Murray into the top 50 in the ATP doubles rankings for the first time.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In March, Murray returned with Butorac to play the Indian Wells Masters, where they lost in the second round, and in the Miami Open, where they lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In April, Murray received his first call-up to the Great Britain Davis Cup team, where he was picked for the doubles rubber in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against the Netherlands. Jamie played alongside Greg Rusedski, beating Robin Haase and Rogier Wassen. After the match, Rusedski announced his retirement on court. Murray then played the Valencia Open with Butorac, where they lost in the quarterfinals. That month, he played with his brother Andy the Monte Carlo Masters, where they retired in the first round due to Andy's back injury. Murray partnered again with Butorac in the Barcelona Open and the Estoril Open, where they both lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In May, Murray and Butorac continued to prepare for the clay season and played the Hypo Group Tennis International in Pörtschach where they reached the quarterfinals. Murray made it debut at the French Open men's doubles draw but the duo lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In June, Murray and Butorac started the grass season playing at the Queen's Club Championships, where they lost in the quarterfinals. The next week, the duo participated in the Nottingham Open seeded as number 3. Murray and Butorac were the eventual winners of the tournament after defeating the British duo of Joshua Goodall and Ross Hutchins by 4–6, 6–3, [10–5]. With this positive result, the duo went on to the Wimbledon Championships. However, they went out in the third round after losing against Czech duo of Lukáš Dlouhý and Pavel Vízner. Nevertheless, Murray was successful in the mixed doubles partnering with Jelena Janković. Murray had met Janković at a party in Miami in 2006, where she was unaware that he played tennis. Murray's agent subsequently asked her if she would like to play mixed doubles with him at Wimbledon. She had made no decision until they arrived at the All England Club. At the same time, the day before the tournament started and Murray asked again, when she agreed. They won the Mixed Doubles title at Wimbledon, Murray becoming the first Briton to win a Wimbledon title for 20 years. Great Britain's last Wimbledon winners were Jeremy Bates and Jo Durie in 1987, also in the Mixed Doubles.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In July, Murray and Butorac started the hard court season at the Countrywide Classic, where they lost in the first round, then played in the Indianapolis Tennis Championships, losing in the quarterfinals, and in the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, where they were out in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In August, Murray continued his preparation for the US Open. First, he played the Canadian Open in Montreal partnering with American James Blake (losing in the first round), then took part in the Cincinnati Masters with Indian Mahesh Bhupathi (where they lost in the second round), and lastly he played the New Haven Open with Australian Jordan Kerr (losing in the semifinals). Since Memphis tournament in February, Murray and Butorac only went past the quarterfinals of a tournament once. In August, they agreed an amicable split, but decided to play together the US Open, where they lost in the second round. As for the mixed doubles, Murray reached the semifinal alongside Liezel Huber, coming within ten points of winning a place in the final.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In September, Murray was selected for the Davis Cup World Group Play-off against Croatia. Murray played the doubles with Tim Henman beating Marin Čilić and Lovro Zovko. Great Britain won 4-1 and were promoted to the World Group.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In October, Murray returned to action with his younger brother Andy in the Moselle Open. The eventually lost in the second round. The next week, he partnered Kerr in the Vienna Open, where they were defeated in the first round. The next week, Murray went on to play the Madrid Open with Bahamian Mark Knowles, where they were the number 8 seeds. However, they lost in the second round to Polish duo of Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski. Late in that month, Murray played the Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon with Kerr but they lost in the quarterfinals. Murray participated in the Paris Masters, his last tournament of the season, with his brother Andy. The brothers lost in the first round against Kerr and André Sá.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray began 2008 with his new doubles partner Max Mirnyi, but the partnership struggled. Despite victory in the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships in February, they had failed to reach any other finals, winning just one of their first four matches as a pair and exiting eleven tournaments within the first two rounds, including at the 2008 Australian Open. Without Mirnyi, Murray has appeared to have had more success, reaching the semi-final of the Movistar Open with Nicolás Lapentti in January and final of the Estoril Open with Kevin Ullyett in April.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray still showed some interest in singles tennis. He competed in a singles qualifying match against Marcel Granollers in January and applied for a wildcard singles entry for Wimbledon. He was given a wildcard into the qualifying stages for the Queen's Club Championships, but lost to Poland's Łukasz Kubot and was refused entry into the Wimbledon singles tournament. Whilst Murray enjoyed singles, he also thought the Davis Cup team would stand in good stead to have another member with recent singles experience, but he now accepted that he would henceforth only be a doubles player.


title: Jamie Murray

text: With Mirnyi, he reached the final and semi-final of the Slazenger Open and Artois Championships respectively, but failed to progress beyond the third round of Wimbledon.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray had a public fall out with brother Andy Murray, criticising him for dropping out of the World Group first round tie against Argentina over fears he could aggravate a knee injury. Jamie played in and lost the doubles match with Ross Hutchins. Great Britain eventually lost 4–1. This was Great Britain's first World Group match since 2003, now facing a relegation play-off with Austria. The Murrays would not speak to each other for two weeks.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the Olympic Games, the two Murrays competed together in the doubles tournament. After defeating Canadian pair Frédéric Niemeyer and Daniel Nestor in the first Round, they then lost to the French pair, Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra, in straight sets. The Davis Cup captain John Lloyd said he watched the Murrays doubles at the Olympics, and it was clear they were not getting on.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Mixed doubles once again proved to be more successful for Murray in 2008. Competing with Liezel Huber, he reached the final of the 2008 US Open, though they lost to Cara Black and Leander Paes. He also reached the semi-finals of Wimbledon and quarter-finals of Roland Garros.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Seven months after the Davis Cup Argentina match, the Murray brothers prepared for the tie against Austria, with Andy declaring that he had healed the rift with Jamie. Andy won his singles matches, but Jamie and Ross Hutchins lost the doubles. Great Britain eventually lost their World Group play-off to Austria 3-2 and were relegated to Europe/Africa Zone Group 1.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Mirnyi and Murray had mediocre results, compiling a 15–17 record. They split in September 2008, and Murray formed a new partnership with Dušan Vemić of Serbia at the start of the 2009 season.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In November, Murray finished the season partnering Jamie Delgado. They played in the Slovak Open (where they were defeated in the quarterfinals), the PEOPLEnet Cup (where they lost in the first round) and the IPP Open (where they were defeated in the first round).


title: Jamie Murray

text: Jamie played the Brisbane and Sydney tournaments with Vemić but played the Australian Open with his old partner Eric Butorac as Vemić was unavailable. Butorac and Murray, who had not played together since the 2007 US Open, lost in the first round at Melbourne Park. Since splitting from Vemić at the end of February, Murray played with several different partners, including Simon Aspelin, Jamie Delgado (playing together the Status Athens Open), Paul Hanley (playing together the Zagorka Cup and the Tunis Open), Pavel Vízner (playing together the Zagreb Open, Gilles Müller and Jonathan Erlich. With Müller he reached the semi-final at Nottingham, his best result since the same tournament last year.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray played with Vízner at the French Open and with Erlich at Wimbledon, but was defeated in the first round of both tournaments. However, he did reach the semifinals of the mixed doubles at Wimbledon with his regular partner Liezel Huber. Dropping out of the world top one hundred, Murray returned to the Challenger circuit with new partner Jamie Delgado playing in the Poznań Open. The British duo returned to the ATP Tour to play the Umag Open, where they were defeated in the first round. This was the last top level tournament Murray played in the season. Once he started playing in the lower ranked tournaments, he took part in the San Marino Open and the Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup. However, he only won his first tournament of any sort in eighteen months at the Tirani Cup in August 2009. He then participated in the Savoldi–Cò – Trofeo Dimmidisì followed by victory at the TEAN International (with Jonathan Marray). Murray returned to action with Delgado at the Banja Luka Challenger and became champions of the Ljubljana Open. The pair then went on to play at the Ethias Trophy and the Købstædernes ATP Challenger, where they lost both times in the first round. He was a semifinalist at Open d'Orléans. In November, partnering Jonathan Marray, Murray went on to win the President's Cup. Murray finished the season at the Slovak Open, being defeated in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Jamie played regularly with fellow Briton Jonathan Marray. He started the 2010 year as a semifinalist in the ATP Challenger event in the Prime Cup Aberto de São Paulo with Jonathan Marray. His first win of the year came in Salinas, Ecuador. He lost in another Challenger event in the Open Bucaramanga on clay in the quarterfinals. Murray played his first ATP tournament of the season at the Zagreb Indoors but was defeated in the first round. He returned to Challenger tournaments and won the Internazionali di Tennis di Bergamo. Murray took part in the Serbia Challenger Open, the Cherbourg Challenger, the Morocco Tennis Tour – Marrakech, the Jersey International, the Open Prévadiès Saint–Brieuc, the Soweto Open, the Status Athens Open and the Ixian Grand Aegean Tennis Cup with no major success other than being runners-up of the latter tournament as well as the Jersey International.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray returned to play an ATP tournament at the 2010 Serbia Open but lost in the first round. He then went back to Challenger tournaments by playing the Trofeo Paolo Corazzi. He then went on to participate in the second Grand Slam of the season, the French Open, but lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray started to prepare the grass season at the Queen's Club Championships losing in the second round. He then played the Eastbourne International but lost in the first round. At the Wimbledon Championships, Murray received a wildcard but was defeated in the first round. He also competed in the mixed doubles, alongside Laura Robson, but also lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, he competed for Scotland. Playing singles, he was beaten by England's James Ward in the second round; partnering Colin Fleming in the doubles, they lost in the first round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Playing in his first tournament since getting married, Murray played with his brother Andy Murray. The pair had a great week in Valencia and won the tournament. This was Jamie's first win on the top level of the tour for over two years and the first time that he has won a doubles title with his brother. Murray ended the season with another Challenger win, in Bratislava.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray began 2011 playing with Xavier Malisse. Though the pair lost in their first ATP event at Chennai, Murray won his first match at a Grand Slam since Wimbledon 2008 as they progressed to the second round of the Australian Open. Murray followed this up with two semi-final appearances, partnering Alexander Peya at the SA Open and his brother Andy at Rotterdam. These successes saw Murray climb back into the world top 50. At the French Open, Murray and his partner Chris Guccione were eliminated in the second round of the men's doubles by the top-seeded Bryans, but he progressed to the semi-finals of the mixed doubles with Nadia Petrova. In August, he reached the semi-finals of the Winston–Salem Open but lost in straight sets to Christopher Kas and Alexander Peya. He partnered Santiago González. At the US Open, he and partner González went out in the first round in straight sets to Jürgen Melzer and Philipp Petzschner, who went on to win the tournament. He next played at the Open de Moselle, where he partnered André Sá, going on to win the tournament by defeating Lukáš Dlouhý and Marcelo Melo in the final, winning in straight sets. Two weeks later, he won his second title of the year partnering with brother Andy Murray at the Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships. They defeated František Čermák and Filip Polášek. In doing so, he rose to a career-high doubles ranking of no. 23 in the world.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray began 2012 playing at the Brisbane International partnering Paul Hanley for the first time. They made it into the second round, but lost in straight sets. At the Australian Open the pair lost in the first round in three sets to Julian Knowle and Michael Kohlmann. Murray got to his first final of the season again partnering Paul Hanley at the Open Sud de France, but lost the final to Nicolas Mahut and Édouard Roger-Vasselin in straight sets. At the French Open, Murray, this time partnering Carsten Ball, lost in the first round to Yen-Hsun Lu and Go Soeda in three sets. At Wimbledon, Murray re-partnered with longtime partner Eric Butorac for the first time in five years. They went out in the second round in straight sets to Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra. Having lost in the first round at the German Open, Murray next competed at the London 2012 Summer Olympics in the doubles event partnering Brother Andy, who was also competing in the singles event. Jamie described partnering his brother at the London Olympics as a "dream come true". Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins also competed together to represent Great Britain in the doubles event. Unfortunately, the dream was not long lived as they lost in the first round to Austria (Melzer/Peya) in a very close three-setter. At the 2012 US Open, Murray had another disappointing campaign as he and partner André Sá lost in the first round to fifteenth seeds Peya/Soares in straight sets. They did, however, go on to reach the final of a challenger in Pétange the following week. The pair didn't go on to achieve much more in the remainder of the 2012 season, their most notable result coming at the Erste Bank Open where they reached the semi-finals. Murray then spent the final month of the season playing with a variety of different partners on the Challenger Tour.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray began 2013 playing with fellow Scot, Colin Fleming. Their first tournament was the Brisbane International where they were only able to make the quarter-finals despite being second seeds. They followed this up with a poor showing at the Australian Open where they lost their opening match to Kohlmann/Nieminen in straight sets.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray was close to sliding out of the doubles top 100 and contemplated quitting the sport altogether.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the start of February, Murray paired up with John Peers. This partnership looked to be more successful as they reached the semi-finals of their first tournament together, the Open Sud de France. They continued playing together and won their first title of the year at the US Men's Clay Court Championship, upsetting the top-seeded Bryan brothers in the final.


title: Jamie Murray

text: The pair played their first Grand Slam together at the French Open where they lost in the second round in three sets to the Colombian pairing of Cabal/Farah. Going out early allowed them to play in the Aegon Trophy on the Challenger Tour during the second week of the slam which they went on to win. They followed this with a fairly successful grass court season where they reached the quarter-finals of the Aegon Championships and the semi-finals of the Aegon International. This gave them confidence heading into Wimbledon, however they lost in the first round to Blake/Melzer in a match where the deciding set finished 14–12 after lasting 87 minutes.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Not disheartened, Murray/Peers won their second ATP Tour title of the year only a few weeks later in Gstaad, beating the Spanish pair of Andújar/García-López in the final. They followed this up with a strong showing at the Bet-at-home Cup where they reached the semi-finals.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Next up was the US Open. The pair faced ninth seeds Marrero/Verdasco in their opening match and pulled off a shock, winning in straight sets. Two narrow three set wins followed over López/Sá as well as the American pairing of Baker/Ram. This resulted in Murray reaching his first ever Grand Slam quarter-final in the men's doubles. Murray/Peers would not progress any further, losing to second seeds Peya/Soares.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray/Peers had a highly successful Asian swing of tournaments, reaching back-to-back finals in Bangkok and Tokyo, winning the former against Bednarek/Brunström. In Shanghai, Murray reached only his second Masters 1000 semi-final, defeating established doubles champions Julien Benneteau, Nenad Zimonjic and Robert Lindstedt en route before losing in two tightly contested tiebreaks against Marrero/Verdasco. As a result of their successful first season as a pair, Murray/Peers finished 10th in the Race to London, only 665 points behind the 8th placed qualifiers.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding with all financial support withdrawn from Britain's doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24 to reduce the number of supported players from 16 this year to just six in 2014.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray started the year at Brisbane International with regular partner John Peers. The pair made it to the semi-finals before they lost to Daniel Nestor and Mariusz Fyrstenberg in straight sets. Their next tournament was the Heineken Open. They made the quarterfinals before withdrawing from the tournament. At the Australian Open they were the 15th seeds (the first time they were a seeded pair in a grand slam tournament). They made the second round before losing to Raven Klaasen and Eric Butorac in straight sets.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Due to injury Jamie Murray didn't play again until the BNP Paribas Open where he and regular partner John Peers lost to Julien Benneteau and Édouard Roger-Vasselin. Their next tournament was the Sony Open Tennis where they lost in straight sets to sixth seeds Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray and Peers started their clay court season at the Grand Prix Hassan II where they were the seconds seeds. The pair made the semi-finals before losing to Lukáš Dlouhý and Tomasz Bednarek in straight sets. They made a second consecutive semi-final at the BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy before losing to top seeds Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the BMW Open the pair defeated the top seeds Raven Klaasen and Eric Butorac in the semi-finals before defeating fellow countrymen Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins to win their first title of the year. They then lost in the opening round of the Mutua Madrid Open, but managed to bounce back and reach the semi-finals of the Düsseldorf Open. The pair followed this up by reaching the third round of the French Open, Murray's best result at the tournament, where they were defeated by top seeds Bob and Mike Bryan.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray and Peers instantly gained revenge for their loss as the grass court season began, defeating the Bryan brothers in straight sets at the Aegon Championships. They made it all the way to the final, their second of the year, but were beaten by second seeds Alexander Peya and Bruno Soares in a hotly contested match. They then lost their opening match of the Aegon International. At Wimbledon they were seeded 14th and won their opening two matches in straight sets. They then faced Peya and Soares in the third round. The match went all the way to a fifth set but Murray and Peers once again were unable to overcome the duo and narrowly missed out on making their second Grand Slam quarterfinal. Murray did, however, make the quarterfinals of the mixed doubles, partnering Australian Casey Dellacqua.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray/Peers again began their year at the 2015 Brisbane International where they defeated top seeds Rojer/Tecau in the first round before going on to win the title by defeating the pairing of Dolgopolov/Nishikori. The pair reached the third round at the 2015 Australian Open as the 16th seeds losing to 4th seeds Dodig/Melo. The pair's good form continued in Rotterdam where after losing in the qualifying rounds they were handed a 1R match as lucky losers following a withdrawal. The pair went on to reach the finals before losing in a rematch against Rojer/Tecau.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In March, Murray was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow. Following Andy Murray and James Ward winning the opening singles rubbers, Murray and Dominic Inglot played the Bryan Brothers; this was the first time Murray and Inglot had played together since the juniors, 12 years previously.


title: Jamie Murray

text: After the USA duo cruised through the first two sets, the Brits rallied but fell short at the final hurdle in a five-set defeat. Andy Murray won his next singles match, putting Great Britain through to the Davis Cup quarter-final. The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches against the USA was 80 years previously.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In April, Murray/Peers again reached their third final of the year in Barcelona but lost to Draganja/Kontinen. In May the pair reached back to back quarterfinals at ATP 1000 Masters in Madrid and Rome. In Madrid they lost to Lopez/Mirnyi and in Rome they lost to eventual finalists Granollers/Lopez.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray was behind an initiative aimed at engaging with the next generation to make them more active and attract them to tennis. While he was committed to competing with Peers at the Topshelf Open in the Netherlands, eventually losing out in the semi-finals, 64 kids, aged 12 and under, battled it out for the inaugural Jamie Murray Cup and the chance to win flights and tickets to the doubles rubber in next month's Davis Cup tie against France.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In July, Murray/Peers reached the final of the 2015 Wimbledon Championships finishing as runners up to Rojer/Tecau in straight sets.


title: Jamie Murray

text: He and his brother Andy won their match in the Davis Cup World Group quarter final tie against France to help Great Britain reach the semi-finals of the competition for the first time since 1981.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In August, at the Montreal Masters, Murray/Peers defeated Andy Murray/Leander Paes in the second round – the first time the Murrays had competed against each other in a Tour-level match. Jamie Murray declared "It was weird. We've only ever played together", while Andy described it as "awkward". Murray/Peers eventually lost in the quarter-finals.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In September, Murray/Peers saved a match point against Steve Johnson/Sam Querrey in the semi-finals to reach the final of the 2015 US Open, where they finished as runners-up to Nicolas Mahut/Pierre-Hugues Herbert, losing in straight sets. The following week, Murray competed against Australia in the semifinals of the Davis Cup World Group in Glasgow's Emirates Arena, winning his doubles rubber (partnered with his brother) in five sets against the pairing of Sam Groth and Lleyton Hewitt, helping to guide Great Britain to the Davis Cup final for the first time since 1978 with a 3–2 victory.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray decided to rest in the hope of finding his best form for the Davis Cup Final by skipping the entirety of the 'Asian swing': a three-week sequence that begins in Shenzhen on Monday and runs through Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai, incurring a possible financial downside.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray was selected for the 2015 final against Belgium in Ghent and played the doubles rubber with brother Andy, defeating David Goffin and Steve Darcis in a hard-fought four-set victory. Great Britain went on to build an unassailable 3–1 lead, winning the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray joined his Davis Cup teammates at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year show where they won 2015's Team of the Year Award.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray partnered Bruno Soares to win the Australian Open, beating Daniel Nestor and Radek Štěpánek in the final on January 30. With Andy Murray losing in the singles final, this was the first time two brothers had reached separate finals at the same Grand Slam since Lawrence and Reginald Doherty at the 1906 Wimbledon Championships. Consequently, Jamie became the doubles world no. 2, while Andy was the singles world no. 2,


title: Jamie Murray

text: The two world number 2's played doubles in the Davis Cup World Group first round match against Japan beating Yoshihito Nishioka and Yasutaka Uchiyama in straight sets in a little under two hours. Andy was chosen because Leon Smith had expected Japan's no. 1 Kei Nishikori, but he had been rested, disappointing Britain's other doubles specialist, Dominic Inglot.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Following the defeat of Marcelo Melo at the Miami Masters, Murray became the new world No. 1, and overtook Melo at the top of the rankings on the 4th of April.


title: Jamie Murray

text: Murray was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to tennis and charity.


title: Jamie Murray

text: He and Soares enjoyed more Grand Slam success at the US Open, defeating Pablo Carreño Busta and Guillermo García-López in the final, in straight sets.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In January, Murray and partner Bruno Soares reached the final of the Sydney International losing in straight sets to Dutch pair Wesley Koolhof and Matwé Middelkoop in straight sets. At the 2017 Australian Open they lost in the first round to Americans Sam Querry and Donald Young.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In March, they won their first title of 2017 at the Mexico Open, defeating American John Isner and Spaniard Feliciano López in straight sets.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In June, Murray and Soares reached the quarterfinals at the 2017 French Open of the men's doubles but lost in three sets to eventual runners-up Santiago González and Donald Young. However, they did go on to win back to back titles during the grass court season at both the Stuttgart Open defeating Oliver Marach and Mate Pavić in three sets, and at the Queen's Club Championships defeating the French duo of Julien Benneteau and Édouard Roger-Vasselin in straight sets.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the 2017 Wimbledon Championships, Murray and Soares poor run at the Grand Slams continued as they went out in the second round in five sets to Sam Groth and Robert Lindstedt having led two sets to one. However, he won the Mixed Doubles title alongside Martina Hingis without losing a set. They defeated the defending champions: fellow Briton Heather Watson and Finland's Henri Kontinen (the Men's Doubles world No 1) in straight sets. This was exactly 10 years since Jamie won his first title partnering Jelena Janković, and his fourth major title overall.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In August, at the Cincinnati Masters he and Soares lost in the final in straight sets to French pair Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In September, At the 2017 US Open he again partnered Martina Hingis in the Mixed Doubles. They beat Chinese Taipei's Chan Hao-ching and the New Zealander Michael Venus in three sets in 69 minutes to win the US Open Mixed Doubles Title. Murray and Hingis thus won back to back majors in the Mixed Doubles and currently have an undefeated partnership of 10–0 at the Grand Slams. He and seasonal partner Soares lost in the quarter finals of the Men's Doubles in straight sets to Eventual winners Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In July, Murray and new mixed doubles partner Victoria Azarenka reached the final of the Wimbledon tournament, but were defeated in straight sets. In August, he and partner Bruno Soares won the Washington Open followed by the Cincinnati Masters. In September, he retained the US Open mixed doubles title, partnering American Bethanie Mattek-Sands in their first entry as a pair; it was her eighth Grand Slam doubles title overall and Murray's sixth.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In January, Murray and doubles partner Bruno Soares reached the men's doubles quarter-finals of the Australian Open, but were defeated in straight sets, with the same outcome in the mixed doubles with Bethanie Mattek-Sands.


title: Jamie Murray

text: After a decline in form including a first round exit at the French Open, Murray split with Soares and formed a new partnership with fellow Briton Neal Skupski. The new duo fell in the first round at Wimbledon, while in the mixed doubles, Murray and Mattek-Sands lost in the second round.


title: Jamie Murray

text: In the quarterfinal of the 2019 Cincinnati Masters tournament, Jamie Murray (the title holder with Soares) and Neal Skupski met Andy Murray and Feliciano López in only the second match between the siblings in their senior careers; Jamie and Skupski won in three sets to progress. The brothers had already teamed up a few weeks earlier for the Washington Open where Jamie was also the reigning champion, being eliminated in the quarterfinals. At the 2019 US Open Murray reached the semifinals in doubles with Skupki and then won the Mixed Doubles with Mattek-Sands.


title: Jamie Murray

text: At the 2021 US Open Murray partnering with Bruno Soares reached the final for the third time in his career defeating Filip Polášek and John Peers in the semifinals.


title: Jamie Murray

text: On 3 November at the 2022 Rolex Paris Masters, he earned his 500th career win partnering Mathew Ebden, defeating third seeds Marcelo Arevalo and Jean-Julien Rojer. He became only the second active doubles player after Marcelo Melo to reach the milestone.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Made In the A.M. is the fifth studio album by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released on 13 November 2015, by Columbia Records and Syco Music. This album is also the group's first album following the departure of Zayn Malik, who left the group on March 25, 2015, and the group's last album before they entered their indefinite hiatus in January 2016. The album was preceded by the three singles "Drag Me Down", released on 31 July 2015; "Perfect", released on 16 October 2015 and "History", released on 6 November 2015. These three singles reached the top 10 in a number of national charts.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Upon its release, the record received generally favourable reviews from critics. It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with 93,189 copies, and it debuted at number two on the US "Billboard" 200, with 459,000 album-equivalent units in it first-week which of 402,000 copies were pure album sales, behind Justin Bieber's "Purpose". The album's first-week sales were higher than the band's previous album, "Four", which amassed an opening sale of 387,000 in 2014, breaking a predicted boy band trend of consecutive declining album sales. Additionally, "Made in the A.M." was the second fastest-selling album of 2015 in the UK, surpassed only by Adele's "25", a week after the album's release. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, "Made in the A.M." was the sixth best-selling album of 2015 with 2.4 million copies sold worldwide.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: The album was announced on 22 September 2015. Following the release of its lead single, "Drag Me Down", it was revealed that the group would go on a temporary hiatus in 2016 to take a break. On 22 September, the title for the fifth studio album, "Made in the A.M.", was officially announced along with promotional single "Infinity" being released. The group began to reveal the track listing on their Snapchat stories to which it was later confirmed on iTunes. The band members all agreed that this album was the best work out of their other efforts due to their main involvement with writing and composition for the majority of the songs.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Julian Bunetta, the producer behind many of the group's songs, told "Billboard" that the fifth album was recorded with the four members knowing it would be their last for a while. "There was a feeling of, 'Well, we’re going to take a break, and anything in the world can happen during that time off'", adding, "There's a song about losing someone that isn't Zayn. There's also a song about the band being on shaky ground and not knowing what the future is. There are songs about love, there's a song that is a little more sexually charged. It's all over the map."


title: Made in the A.M.

text: "Drag Me Down" was spontaneously released as the album's lead single on 31 July 2015, with no previous promotion or warning. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, breaking the record for the most streamed song in its first week, with 2.03 million plays. In the United States, the song debuted at number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, with 350,000 downloads in its first week, earning the band their largest sales week ever. "Drag Me Down" also broke and set a new Vevo record by having the fastest and most likes earned in 24 hours. "Perfect" was serviced as the album's second single on 16 October 2015. The song debuted at number two in the UK and number ten on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The debut gave the band their fifth top 10 start on the Hot 100, passing the record among groups of four debuts, previously held by The Beatles.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: "Infinity" was issued as a promotional single on the iTunes Store and Apple Music on 22 September 2015. "What a Feeling" was released as the second promotional single, two days prior the album's release date.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Although "Infinity" was announced as the album's third single by member Liam Payne, "History" was later confirmed as the next single. On 27 January 2016, the official music video for "History" was released to the One Direction Vevo channel and YouTube. It peaked at number six on the UK Official Chart in 2016.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: "Made in the A.M." has received generally favourable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 from selected independent ratings and reviews from mainstream critics, the album received a Metascore of 65, based on 11 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Neil McCormick of "The Daily Telegraph" wrote that "a slight tone of weariness may have crept into 1D's lyrics with songs about break-ups and yearning for home but musically it remains anthemic, up-tempo, superior pop, with elegant song structure, ear worm hooks and radio busting choruses". Although Kenneth Partridge of "Billboard" magazine declared that the album "could be the band's "Abbey Road"" and awarded it four stars, he also critiqued the group as a "prefab 21st-century pop machine" who churns out "boilerplate love songs that rarely feel personal or look beyond" their "vacuum-sealed bubble-gum world". Writing for "Rolling Stone", Rob Sheffield stated that the album is "1D's "Let It Be" – the kind of record the world's biggest pop group makes when it's time to say thanks for the memories." Regarding the album's sound, he noted it is "chasing the rock vibe of "Midnight Memories" and "Four"". Leah Greenblatt of "Entertainment Weekly" complimented the album for being "another deft collection of shiny, hermetically sealed anthems".


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Shira Benozilio of Hollywood Life called it "their most diverse album yet" while specifically highlighting the album opener, "Hey Angel", praising the "catchy, upbeat sound that is sure to put anyone in a good mood" while commenting that it had "an Oasis vibe". Patrick Ryan of "USA Today" commented that the group's "writing is sharper and their sound richer than before" and that "if "Made in the A.M." ends up being One Direction's final album, it's not a bad swansong to go out on". Patrick Ryan, writing for Idolator, wrote that "it's an album that sounds like another day at the office for the group's remaining members, replete with ballads, soaring pop styles, an a cappella vocal group experiment, the aforementioned intense, late night “dark track” and that "the lads are as sincere and focused as ever, without any overt acknowledgement that this is the end of an era" while comparing songs on the album to the likes of Coldplay and Paul McCartney and Wings.


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Tshepo Mokoena of "The Guardian" commented that the album is "a playful but reflective goodbye" and "just what their mourning fans need". Writing for "SPIN", Alfred Soto wrote that the album includes more "sensitivity" than previous efforts while adding that the record offers "hits plus filler". Tim Sendra of AllMusic commented that the album "another slice of high-quality modern pop brought to life by the band's charm" and that "the album's mix of upbeat dance-pop songs, emotional midtempo songs, and big, gut-wrenching ballads is a familiar one". He added that the "other bandmembers pick up the slack [of Malik's absence] impressively" and that "their songwriting shows growth, their vocals remain flawless, the production team continues to throw the occasional curveball to go along with the softballs, and there are plenty of songs that sound like the best pop music has to offer in 2015". Annie Zaleski of "The A.V. Club" commented that the album "proudly (and prominently) feels indebted to other eras and totems of U.K. pop" while adding that the album "strives for timelessness" and that "even if the band members don't return from their break, they can rest easy: they've gone out on a high note, because "Made in the A.M." is One Direction's best, most accomplished album". Lewis Corner, writing for Digital Spy wrote that the album "proves they have continued to push their style in unexpected ways", that it "rounds off a phenomenal chapter in their career, bringing together the pop, rock and folky influences that helped them go from teenage upstarts to a billion dollar industry", and that "for a group limited by the perception that they are just "boyband pop", their music has become as accomplished as their shining achievements".


title: Made in the A.M.

text: Jon Caramanica of the "New York Times" had a more negative review, commenting that "the music is too banal to support exceptional singing" and that the album was "rootless and vague". He compared sounds of the album to the likes of Coldplay, Huey Lewis and the News, and The Bee Gees. Leah Greenblatt, writing with "Entertainment Weekly" commented that "the lyrics, with a few subtly naughty exceptions, are still largely crafted for listeners whose idea of romance is a Disney prince—dashing, devoted, and safely two-dimensional" and that "One Direction don't seem ready yet to explore their own more adult voices. Or maybe they're just saving it for their solo records". Kate Solomon of "Drowned In Sound" praised "Olivia", stating that it is the only song on the album "that sounds even vaguely like anyone is having any fun" while ending the review with "it's not that this album is particularly bad, it's that I don't understand why it isn't better".


title: Made in the A.M.

text: In the UK, "Made in the A.M." debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 93,189, becoming their fourth album to top the chart and the fastest selling album of 2015 until that point, beating out Justin Bieber's album "Purpose". The album was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in its first week, and certified Platinum on 1 January 2016, denoting shipments of 300,000 copies. The album debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200 with 459,000 album-equivalent units (402,000 pure album sales), behind Justin Bieber's "Purpose", becoming the band's first album to not debut at number one. , the album has sold a total of 1,000,000 copies in the United States, counting pure sales and streams.


title: Court and Spark

text: Court and Spark is the sixth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell. Released in January 1974, it infuses the folk rock style of her previous albums with jazz elements.


title: Court and Spark

text: It was an immediate commercial and critical success—and remains her most successful album. It reached No. 2 in the United States and No. 1 in Canada and eventually received a double platinum certification by the RIAA, the highest of Mitchell's career. It also reached the Top 20 in the UK and was voted the best album of the year for 1974 in "The Village Voice" Pazz & Jop Critics Poll. In 2020, it was ranked at number 110 in "Rolling Stone"'s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.


title: Court and Spark

text: Mitchell did not release a new album in 1973, the first year she had not done so in her professional career. Her previous offering, "For the Roses", was released in November 1972 to critical and commercial success, and Mitchell decided to spend the whole of the next year writing and recording a new album that revealed her growing interest in new sounds—particularly jazz. During 1973 her stage appearances were fewer than in previous years. She performed in April in a benefit concert at the Sir George Williams University Auditorium and then appeared live again in August, twice at The Corral Club, accompanied by Neil Young.


title: Court and Spark

text: Mitchell spent most of 1973 in the recording studio creating "Court and Spark". Mitchell and engineer Henry Lewy called in a number of top L.A. musicians to perform on the album including members of the Crusaders, Tom Scott's L.A. Express, cameos from Robbie Robertson, David Crosby and Graham Nash and even a twist of comedy from Cheech & Chong.


title: Court and Spark

text: On December 1 Asylum Records released a single, her first in over a year, "Raised on Robbery". The single reached No. 65 on the "Billboard" Singles Chart in February 1974.


title: Court and Spark

text: Released in January 1974, "Court and Spark" was met with widespread critical acclaim and commercial success. Its success was reaffirmed when the follow-up single, "Help Me", was released in March. It received heavy radio airplay and became Mitchell's first and only Top 10 "Billboard" single, peaking at No.7 on the Hot 100 in the first week of June, and reaching No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart.


title: Court and Spark

text: "Court and Spark" became a big seller that year, peaking at No.2 on the "Billboard" album chart and staying there for four weeks. The album topped the US Cashbox and Record World charts for one week each.


title: Court and Spark

text: In a July 1979 interview with Cameron Crowe for "Rolling Stone", Mitchell recounted playing the newly completed "Court and Spark" to Bob Dylan, during which he fell asleep. She later suggested that Dylan was probably trying to be "cute" in front of label boss David Geffen, who was also present.


title: Court and Spark

text: Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks recalled taking LSD to the album: "I was with my producer, at his house, with a set of speakers that were taller than that fireplace, and I was in a safe place. And I sat there on the floor and listened to that record… That was a pretty dynamic experience."


title: Court and Spark

text: | style="width:35px; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|1975 ||"Court and Spark" || Album of the Year ||


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Breach, also titled Anti-Life, is a 2020 American science fiction action horror film directed by John Suits, starring Cody Kearsley, Bruce Willis, Rachel Nichols, Thomas Jane, Johnny Messner, Corey Large, Callan Mulvey, Alexander Kane, and Kassandra Clementi. The film was shot in Fitzgerald, Georgia at TMG Studio's soundstages. It was released on December 18, 2020.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Earth is suffering an extinction level event, and 300,000 survivors are selected to board a spaceship called the Ark which will take them to a new colony called New Earth. Noah (Cody Kearsley) stows away on the Ark impersonating a junior janitor while his girlfriend Hayley (Kassandra Clementi), who is pregnant with his child is put into stasis as a passenger.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: A grizzled older janitor named Clay (Bruce Willis) attempts to mentor Noah. Blue (Johnny Messner) and Shady (Johann Urb), two experienced crew members, are infected by a parasitic force. Meanwhile, Noah spies on Clay and suspects the older man is constructing a bomb. Clay shows Noah that he is brewing moonshine.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: That evening the workers have an impromptu party where they talk about the loved ones they left behind. Noah tells everyone he will be reassigned to be a butcher when they reach New Earth. Ortega (Angie Pack) leaves the party to hook up with Blue and finds him welding alone. Blue turns on Ortega, killing her.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Later Clay discovers that Noah's girlfriend is Admiral Adams' (Thomas Jane) daughter. Security officer Stanley (Timothy V. Murphy) discovers Shady's decomposed body and identifies Blue as the killer. Clay finds Ortega's body; Stanley gathers a security detail and they find Blue attempting to break into the admiral's quarters. Blue suddenly leaps and kills one of the security team by biting through the officer's throat. Stanley and Teek (Callan Mulvey) are forced to shoot Blue. Chambers (Rachel Nichols) performs an autopsy on Blue's body. Teek meanwhile searches the video feed and sees a recording of Shady's death and Blue's initial infection. Chambers reports that Blue is completely hollowed out and there is a parasite loose on the ship.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Chambers discovers that Noah is not a member of the crew but a stowaway and Stanley arrests him. Clay defends Noah successfully and he is released. While the survivors discuss next steps, the three dead crewmen reanimate and attack, killing Stanley. Chambers manages to injure the remaining infected for Teek, Clay, and Noah to escape. The newly infected Stanley starts to release the infected and unlocks the remaining crew's quarters who are quickly taken over and infected.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Clay guides the survivors to the arsenal. Chambers is unable to pinpoint a weakness in the infected so Clay suggests using a flame thrower. The flame thrower sets off the fire suppression unit which ruins visibility. Lincoln (Corey Large) reunites with the group just as Teek is suddenly grabbed by the infected and pulled into the mist. Clay runs off to rescue Teek. As Teek and Clay return, Lincoln suggests using the escape pods while Teek proposes the security bay.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Lincoln flees by himself in an escape pod, but is shown not to be alone and killed offscreen. The remaining survivors get to the security bay but Stanley nabs Clay as they try and lock themselves in. Noah shoots Stanley before he can infect Clay and they barricade the door.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: With 84 days until the Ark reaches New Earth the survivors try to concoct a plan to fend off the infected and save the passengers. Clay guides Noah through ducts to the Admiral, who they hope will be able to rescue them. Noah reaches the Admiral and Teek confesses to Clay and Chambers that he is responsible for everything that has transpired, and is in reality a hardline revolutionary against the repopulation of New Earth.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: The Admiral awakens his security team and proposes to use stronger weapons against the infected. As the infected break into the security room, Clay and Chambers fight them off while Teek is killed. The Admiral's security team are overwhelmed; Blue chases Noah, and collapses after being splashed with cleaning fluid. As Noah attempts to relay his finding, the Admiral sacrifices himself by setting off a grenade, blowing the infected apart. Just as Chambers and Clay think it's over, the remaining body parts start to reconnect.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: A stronger mutant being is formed, and the other infected enter the reactor core. Noah explains the effect of the cleaning fluid, and the group head to Clay's moonshine stash to construct better weapons. As they plan their attack, the time to arrival starts to decrease as the infected overheating the reactor. Chambers realizes that the parasite was manipulating them all along to allow them to gain access to the reactor core while Noah realizes that the parasite's plan is to wipe out the last 50 million of the human race on New Earth while wiping out the passengers at the same time with the ship. The passengers begin to turn infected. Clay sends Noah to rescue Hayley and they make their way towards an escape pod just as the mutant being attacks. Chambers is killed in the alien's first attack, and Clay attempts to hold it off but he too is overwhelmed and seemingly killed.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Noah and Hayley make for the remaining escape pod, but Noah has to separate from Hayley to start the launch sequence. He confronts the monster and manages to weaken it with his weapon. Just as Noah attempts to leave, Clay messages him from the bridge. Clay sets the Ark to self-destruct as Noah escapes with Hayley.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Noah and Hayley reach New Earth, but as they emerge from the escape pod Noah spots another human who turns out to be infected, and in the distance a huge monster is attacked by a jet fighter. As the film ends Noah raises his gun and utters "Burn 'em all".


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: Production took place in Fitzgerald, Georgia at TMG Studios, filming for three weeks in September and October 2019.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: As of April 11, 2021, "Breach" grossed $39,328 in Russia and New Zealand. In its opening weekend in Russia, the film grossed $25,226 from 224 theaters, ranking ninth at the box office with an average of $112 per theater.


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of .


title: Breach (2020 film)

text: JoBlo.com gave the film a 6 out of 10, and said "This is a film that fits into a very specific sub-genre that can work under the right mindset. It's a cheap space-horror flick that's wise enough to put some very likable and charismatic actors upfront."


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Natasha Maria Hamilton (born 17 July 1982) is an English singer and a member of girl group Atomic Kitten. Hamilton has so far released 19 singles and three studio albums with the band including three number one singles, their biggest being the 2001 single "Whole Again". In 2004, Atomic Kitten announced they would be splitting to pursue solo careers; they reformed in 2005 and again in 2008. In March 2012, Hamilton confirmed the trio would reform officially for the first time since 2004 to tour.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Hamilton was born in Kensington, Liverpool, and started singing and performing from the age of 12 in the Starlight Show Group. Her father is mixed race, he is of white and black ancestry.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Hamilton attended St. Sebastian's Catholic Primary School and then Broughton Hall Technology College, both situated in her home city of Liverpool.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: In May 1999, Hamilton joined Atomic Kitten, a girl group founded by OMD frontman Andy McCluskey, replacing Heidi Range who left the early line up.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Hamilton decided to take her baby with her on the 2003 tour with Atomic Kitten. However, the group decided to take a lengthy break following the tour. Although they have not made a new album together since 2003, the group reform occasionally for one-off performances.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: After taking time away from music to bring up her son, Hamilton made a return to music after appearing on the BBC1 television show, "Just the Two of Us", which paired celebrities with recording artists to compete in a duet singing showdown. Eight couples competed before a panel of judges and the voting public. Hamilton was paired with Mark Moraghan, famous for his portrayal of Doctor Owen Davies in "Holby City", and the pair came second. They performed classic songs like "Over the Rainbow" and "Do You Love Me".


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Hamilton has reportedly been working on solo material in recent years, though nothing has been released as yet. She has been co-writing with Christopher and Anthony Griffiths, Ciaron Bell, among others. Hamilton, under the name "Tash", has also recorded a track with Mischa Daniels called "Round & Round", which samples Crystal Waters' "Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)". The track has been included on the Ministry of Sound compilation "Housexy: The Afterparty".


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: On 8 May 2009, in an interview given to the "Daily Mirror", Hamilton stated that her first solo single was likely to be "Ms. Emotional", a ballad she recorded in the United States the previous year. In the interview she stated that the album would be released 'around' October 2009. In November 2009, Hamilton appeared on Celebrity "Come Dine with Me". Natasha shot the video for 'Ms Emotional' on 30 January 2010 put the release on hold to focus on her third pregnancy. The single and video then were released in October 2010.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: In 2001, she appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank. Hamilton made her pantomime debut when she played the title role in Peter Pan at the Liverpool Empire. It ran from 7 December 2009 until 3 January 2010.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: On 27 August 2015, Hamilton entered the Celebrity Big Brother house as a contestant. On 24 September, she reached the final on Day 29 and placed third.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: She announced in April 2002 that she was pregnant, but she had no intention of leaving the group and wanted the scheduled 2002 tour to continue. She was featured in the video "The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling)" with her last duty being the 2002 Party in the Park before finally going on maternity leave. On 24 August 2002 she gave birth to a boy, Josh. However, Hamilton and Cosgrave ended their relationship shortly afterwards.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: On 31 December 2004, Hamilton gave birth to her second son, Harry Hatcher, whose father is dancer Gavin Hatcher. In July 2005, Hamilton and Hatcher split up and she briefly returned to live with Cosgrave, while Hatcher returned to Ipswich to work in the insurance industry. By February 2006, Hamilton and Cosgrave had split for a second time.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: On 27 September 2006, Hamilton announced her engagement to Riad Erraji. The couple married on 23 November 2007 at Crewe Hall Hotel with both Jenny Frost and Liz McClarnon present. Hamilton has since said that Kerry Katona was not invited to the wedding as the two of them have drifted too far apart. In January 2008, Hamilton found out she was expecting her third child, but she miscarried after six weeks.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: On 14 June 2010, Natasha gave birth to her third son. In July 2013, Hamilton announced her separation from her husband Riad Erraji.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Since 2013, Hamilton had been dating Ritchie Neville from Five. The pair both took part in ITV2's "The Big Reunion" the same year. They have both stated that they had also previously dated in the past but chose to go their separate ways due to the scheduling from both of their groups. Natasha gave birth to a baby girl, Ella Rose, in September 2014. In March 2016 Natasha and Ritchie announced they had split.


title: Natasha Hamilton

text: Nine months later, on 28 November, Hamilton announced her engagement to boyfriend Charles Gay. On 25 September 2021, the couple married in Lake Como, Italy.


title: Close back unrounded vowel

text: The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . Typographically, it is a turned letter ; given its relation to the sound represented by the letter , it can be considered a with an extra "bowl".


title: Advocaat

text: Advocaat or advocatenborrel is a traditional Dutch alcoholic beverage made from eggs, sugar, and brandy. The rich and creamy drink has a smooth, custard-like consistency. The typical alcohol content is generally between 14% and 20% ABV. Its contents may be a blend of egg yolks, aromatic spirits, sugar or honey, brandy, vanilla, and sometimes cream (or condensed milk). Notable makers of advocaat include Warninks, Bols, Darna Ovo Liker, DeKuyper (in two varieties), and Verpoorten.


title: Advocaat

text: According to several makers, such as Verpoorten and Bols, and the Oxford companion to Sugar and Sweets, its origins can be traced back to "abacate", an alcoholic beverage of the indigenous people in Brazil, which was made with avocado. Dutch colonials of northern Brazil introduced this beverage to Europe as "advocat/advocaat". As avocados could not grow in northern Europe, they were replaced with egg yolk, thought to have a similar taste and consistency, and the name derived from the avocado stuck, although the drink no longer contains any.


title: Advocaat

text: "Advocaat" is also the Dutch word for lawyer in the sense of solicitor. As the name of the drink, it is short for "advocatenborrel", or 'lawyers' drink'. "borrel" is Dutch for a small alcoholic beverage (liqueur, brandy, etc. but not beer or wine) consumed slowly during a social gathering or an informal occasion where work colleagues meet for light conversation with beer and wine. According to the 1882 edition of the "Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal" ("Dictionary of the Dutch Language"), it is "zoo genoemd als een goed smeersel voor de keel, en dus bijzonder dienstig geacht voor een advocaat, die in 't openbaar het woord moet voeren" ("so named as a good lubricant for the throat, and thus considered especially useful for a lawyer, who must speak in public").


title: Advocaat

text: Jars and wide mouth bottles of thick advocaat are sold mainly in the Netherlands and Belgium, though may be available in Germany and Austria. Further exports are of a more liquid version.


title: Advocaat

text: In particular the original thick variety, i.e. without albumen, is used as a waffle, pancake or poffertjes topping, as an ingredient for ice cream, custards, pastries and similar desserts, or as an apéritif or digestif. The latter, possibly topped with whipped cream and then occasionally sprinkled with a touch of cocoa powder, is served in a very tiny bowl or small glass from which it is eaten by use of a teaspoon. In Belgian restaurants and taverns, it may be a complementary accompaniment to a coffee.


title: Advocaat

text: In the export variety both parts of the eggs are used. The best known cocktail using advocaat is the Snowball: a mixture of advocaat, sparkling lemonade and sometimes (although this is not required) lime juice that is often consumed at Christmas time. Another is the Fluffy duck, made with rum. Another advocaat-based beverage is the Bombardino, a drink commonly found in Italian ski resorts, particularly the Italian Alps, made by mixing advocaat, brandy, and whipped cream.


title: Advocaat

text: The Polish equivalent, ( 'eggs' and ), is based on vodka instead of brandy, despite what the name may suggest.


title: Kenny Aronoff

text: Aronoff grew up in Stockbridge, Massachusetts He developed an interest in music at an early age and gravitated to the drums as "drumming was one hundred percent energy". Aronoff earned three athletic letters in high school playing lacrosse, ski team and soccer.


title: Kenny Aronoff

text: Throughout his career, Aronoff has toured or recorded with such artists as the Smashing Pumpkins, Bob Seger, Willie Nelson, John Fogerty, Michelle Branch, Tony Iommi, Melissa Etheridge, Jerry Lee Lewis and Jon Bon Jovi.


title: Kenny Aronoff

text: Aronoff was Associate Professor of Percussion at Indiana University from 1993-1997. Each year, The Aronoff Percussion Scholarship is awarded to an Indiana University percussion student.


title: Kenny Aronoff

text: Kenny Aronoff was an inaugural member of the Independent Music Awards' 2001 first Annual IMA judging panel to support independent artists. He performed at the Kennedy Center Honors from 2008-2014. On January 26, 2014, Aronoff performed at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards with Ringo Starr.


title: Kenny Aronoff

text: On March 31, 2016, "Rolling Stone" ranked Kenny Aronoff number 66 of the 100 greatest drummers of all time. The magazine wrote, "With a sixth sense for what makes music pop and the patience to take direction, he's ended up as a go-to studio beatsmith for the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Neil Diamond, Eric Clapton, John Fogerty, Sting, the Smashing Pumpkins, Lady Gaga and tons more."


title: Kenny Aronoff

text: "Modern Drummer" named Kenny Aronoff the "#1 Pop/Rock Drummer and #1 Studio Drummer" for five consecutive years.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap (Network Mapper) is a network scanner created by Gordon Lyon (also known by his pseudonym "Fyodor Vaskovich"). Nmap is used to discover hosts and services on a computer network by sending packets and analyzing the responses.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap provides a number of features for probing computer networks, including host discovery and service and operating system detection. These features are extensible by scripts that provide more advanced service detection, vulnerability detection, and other features. Nmap can adapt to network conditions including latency and congestion during a scan.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap started as a Linux utility and was ported to other systems including Windows, macOS, and BSD. It is most popular on Linux, followed by Windows.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, device types, and MAC addresses.


title: Nmap

text: NmapFE, originally written by Kanchan, was Nmap's official GUI for Nmap versions 2.2 to 4.22. For Nmap 4.50 (originally in the 4.22SOC development series) NmapFE was replaced with Zenmap, a new official graphical user interface based on UMIT, developed by Adriano Monteiro Marques.


title: Nmap

text: Web-based interfaces exists that allow either controlling Nmap or analysing Nmap results from a web browser, such as IVRE.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap provides four possible output formats. All but the interactive output is saved to a file. Nmap output can be manipulated by text processing software, enabling the user to create customized reports.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap was first published in September 1997, as an article in Phrack Magazine with source-code included. With help and contributions of the computer security community, development continued. Enhancements included operating system fingerprinting, service fingerprinting, code rewrites (C to C++), additional scan types, protocol support (e.g. IPv6, SCTP), and new programs that complement Nmap's core features.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap is a tool that can be used to discover services running on Internet connected systems. Like any tool, it could potentially be used for black hat hacking, as a precursor to attempts to gain unauthorized access to computer systems; however, Nmap is also used by security and systems administrators to assess their own networks for vulnerabilities (i.e. white hat hacking).


title: Nmap

text: System administrators can use Nmap to search for unauthorized servers, or for computers that do not conform to security standards.


title: Nmap

text: In 2003 Supreme Court of Finland has ruled the port scanning has amounted to an attempted computer break in, which was illegal under Finnish Penal code at the time:"In its ruling the Supreme Court stated that the defendant had systematically carried out port scanning operations to gather information for the purpose of unauthorised break-in to the bank's computer network. This amounted to an attempted computer break in."


title: Nmap

text: Nmap was originally distributed under the GNU Public License (GPL). In later releases, Nmap's authors added clarifications and specific interpretations to the license where they felt the GPL was unclear or lacking. For instance, Nmap 3.50 specifically revoked the license of SCO Group to distribute Nmap software because of their views on the SCO-Linux controversies.


title: Nmap

text: Starting with version 7.90, Nmap transitions to a new custom license NPSL, dual-licensing versions 7.90, 7.91, and 7.92 under both old and new licenses. Several Linux distributions consider the new license non-free.


title: Nmap

text: In "The Matrix Reloaded", Trinity is seen using Nmap to access a power plant's computer system, allowing Neo to "physically" break into a building. The appearance of Nmap in the film was widely discussed on Internet forums and hailed as an unusually realistic example of hacking.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap and NmapFE were used in "The Listening", a 2006 movie about a former NSA officer who defects and mounts a clandestine counter-listening station high in the Italian alps.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap source code can be seen in the movie "Battle Royale", as well as brief views of the command line version of Nmap executing in "Live Free or Die Hard" and "Bourne Ultimatum". In 2013, Nmap continued to make appearances in movies including popular sci-fi movie "Elysium".


title: Nmap

text: The film "Dredd", a film adaptation of the famous Judge Dredd comics, was released in 2012 and also contains multiple Nmap scenes. Nmap is used for network reconnaissance and exploitation of the slum tower network. It is even seen briefly in the movie's trailer.


title: Nmap

text: The command Nmap is widely used in the video game "Hacknet", allowing to probe the network ports of a target system to hack it.


title: Nmap

text: Nmap is an integral part of academic activities. It has been used for research involving the TCP/IP protocol suite and networking in general. Besides being a research tool, Nmap has also become a research topic.


title: Nmap

text: Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port


title: Nmap

text: OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.38 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:netgear:raidiator:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4


title: Nmap

text: Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.38 (94%), Linux 3.0 (92%), Linux 2.6.32 - 3.0 (91%), Linux 2.6.18 (91%), Linux 2.6.39 (90%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.39 (90%), Linux 2.6.38 - 3.0 (90%), Linux 2.6.38 - 2.6.39 (89%), Linux 2.6.35 (88%), Linux 2.6.37 (88%)


title: Nmap

text: OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Deckers Outdoor Corporation, doing business as Deckers Brands, is a footwear designer and distributor based in Goleta, California, United States. It was founded in 1973 by University of California, Santa Barbara alumni Doug Otto and Karl F. Lopker. In 1975, the company was incorporated in California under the name Deckers Corporation. In October 1993, Deckers initiated a public offering of stock in its company.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Deckers portfolio of brands includes: UGG, Teva, Sanuk, Hoka One One and Koolaburra. Deckers Brands products are sold in more than 50 countries and territories through select department and specialty stores, 138 Company-owned and operated retail stores, and select online stores, including Company-owned websites.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 1973, Karl Lopker began his career making and selling flip-flops at craft fairs along the West Coast of the United States.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 1975, Doug Otto visited Hawaii on business and found that locals referred to his sandals as "deckas", a slang word based on their striped layered construction that resembled a "deck" of stacked wood. Liking the name, Lopker and Otto named the brand Deckers.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 1985, Deckers expanded its range of sandals when it entered into a licensing agreement to produce and distribute Teva sandals.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 1993, Otto renamed his company Deckers Outdoor Corporation when it went public on the NASDAQ, and Deckers purchased Simple Shoes.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 2003, Deckers’ UGG boots became well known after Oprah Winfrey included the boots on "The Oprah Winfrey Show"'s Favorite Things segment.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Geophysicist Mark Thatcher invented Teva (, pronounced "teh-vah" not "tee-vah," Hebrew for "nature"). While working as a rafting guide in 1982 he noticed the lack of proper shoes for river activities. Sneakers would become heavy when wet and would take days to dry, and flip-flops would slide off feet very easily.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Thatcher added a nylon ankle strap to a traditional thong-style sandal, thus creating the first sports sandal. Thatcher patented his invention and signed an agreement with the shoemaker California Pacific to manufacture the shoes, while he marketed the "amphibious utility sandals" as their salesman, selling 200 pairs the first year. Although it was effective water sports footwear, it proved less effective for regular sports, as the first Teva users often complained of blisters between the first and second toes caused by the thong-style strapping system. However, in 1984 a sudden high demand of Teva sandals arose as young Americans found the sandal fashionable. California Pacific then claimed rights over the Teva name and patent, stating that Thatcher was merely an employee of their company. Thatcher sued California Pacific and won his case the following year, severing links with California Pacific. He then started the Tevas company in Flagstaff, Arizona.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In late 1985, Thatcher set up an exclusive licensing agreement with Deckers Corporation to manufacture and distribute Teva sandals. Deckers eventually obtained exclusive rights to Teva, including US patent #4,793,075 for the basic design and a trademark for the brand name. The sandal was redesigned, creating the Universal Strapping System. The first model, called "Hurricane", is the basis of all Teva sandals.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: On November 25, 2002, Deckers Outdoor Cooperation acquired the worldwide Teva patents, trademarks, and other assets from Mark Thatcher. Teva sandals are currently manufactured in China, Vietnam, and Cambodia.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Each strap is connected to the others by triangular "rings"; each strap goes around one side of the ring.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: UGG brand boots, known as UGG Australia in Australia and New Zealand, have a sheepskin upper with a wool inner lining and a tanned outer surface worn by men and women. Surfing helped popularize the boots outside of Australia and New Zealand, when surfer Brian Smith started selling the boots in the US through UGG Holdings, Inc. in 1979.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Deckers is considered a niche market supplier due to the dominance of the brand boots, a fashion luxury item, in its sales, and as such the company is more reliant than traditional clothing manufacturers on its products remaining fashionable.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 2010, UGG boots were Deckers' primary source of revenue, accounting for 77% of net sales and 80% of the company's revenue.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 2012, Deckers raised prices on its UGG boots stated to be to cover the rising cost of materials. However, the resulting decline in sales volume over the first half of 2012 led to a price reduction, which stimulated sales. UGG boots accounted for 87% of the company's revenue with some analysts expressing concern that UGG was losing its appeal. While 2012 annual revenue remained approximately the same as in the prior year, profit was down 36.1% from 2011, and share prices dropped 62%.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: UGG is a registered trademark in the US, Europe and many other countries. There have been various disputes within Australia, Europe, and the United States about the validity of Ugh/Ugg trademark. Deckers trades as Ugg Holdings, Inc. in Australia, where it is known for a trademark dispute over the use of the widely used term "ugg boots"(sometimes called uggs).


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 1971, Australian surfer Shane Steadman began selling ugg boots and registered the name Ugh-boots as a trademark in Australia. In 1979, Brian Smith, another Australian surfer, brought several pairs of Australian-made sheepskin boots to the US and began selling them in New York and California. He set up Ugg Holdings Inc. and in 1985, registered a US trademark on a rams head logo with the words "Original UGG Boot UGG Australia. He later acquired the Australian mark from Steadman. In 1995, he sold his interest to Deckers Outdoor Corporation. In 1996, Deckers registered a trademark for "UGG" in the US. In 1999, Deckers began asserting its new trademark and sent cease and desist letters to Australian manufacturers but did not press the issue beyond that.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 2005, the validity of the UGG trademark was challenged in Federal Court in California; the court ruled for Deckers, stating that consumers in the United States consider Ugg to be a brand name. In his final order, the judge hearing the case stated that, although the defendants had provided anecdotal evidence of the term being used generically, Deckers had countered this by "submitted ... declarations from four footwear industry professionals, each of whom states that 'UGG' is widely recognized in the industry as a brand-name and not a generic term" and that the defendants' evidence "fails to demonstrate that the term 'UGG' is generic." In his finding the judge did not consider whether or not "ugg" was a generic term in Australia or New Zealand, as the doctrine of foreign equivalents only relates to non-English speaking countries. A similar challenge was also rejected by a Dutch court.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: It was only in the early 2000s, when demand for ugg boots was soaring, partly as a result of several celebrity endorsements of the UGG brand, and Australian manufacturers began selling uggs over the Internet, that Deckers' law firm Middletons of Melbourne began a serious effort to halt Australian companies from using the word "ugg" in their salesefforts. In 2004, Deckers sent cease and desist letters to 20 Australian manufacturers, and Mortels Sheepskin Factory was prevented from selling uggs on eBay or from using the word in domain names.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In response to these actions by Deckers, Australian manufacturers formed the Ugg Boot Footwear Association to fight the corporation's claim, arguing that "ugg" is a generic term referring to flat-heeled, pull-on sheepskin boots. They further argued that Australian manufacturers had been making and trading this style of boot for decades, including in the US. In 2003, Bruce and Bronwyn McDougall, owners of Uggs-N-Rugs, a Western Australia-based manufacturer, started legal action alleging that Deckers had not actively used the UGH-BOOT registration in Australian commerce for the past three years. Their action was successful in 2006, and the UGH-BOOT registration was removed from the Australian Trademark Registry. The officer who heard the case stated that the "evidence overwhelmingly supports the proposition that the terms (ugg, ugh and ug boots) are interchangeably used to describe a specific style of sheepskin boot and are the first and most natural way in which to describe these goods." The ruling only applies in Australia, with Deckers still owning the trademarks in all other jurisdictions, including the US, China, Japan and the European Union.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Deckers has also been challenged by the marketing of counterfeit products, principally from China. According to the "Glasgow Evening Times" in July 2010,


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Gangs of criminals have flooded Glasgow with fake footwear. ... Authorities across the west of Scotland have seized hundreds of pairs of the must-have footwear ... Neil Coltart, at Glasgow City Council, said: "These boots come in boxes that look like the real thing, with tags and labels. But the product clearly isn't the quality you'd expecty from Ugg." ... Out of their slick packaging, the boots were clearly not made of Ugg's comfy sheepskin, but a cheap man-made fur. One even had its distinctive Ugg trademark glued onto its heel upside down. Holding up a pair, [Coltart] said: "I think most people would be pretty disappointed if they bought Ugg boots and brought these home."


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: In 2009, US customs agents confiscated 60,000 pairs of fake UGG boots, and the company took action against 2500 websites that were selling fraudulent products, as well as some 170,000 listings on eBay, Craigslist and similar sites. Leah Evert-Burks, director of brand protection for Deckers, told "The New York Times:" "The consumer is blind as to the source of the product ... Counterfeit Web sites go up pretty easily, and counterfeiters will copy our stock photos, the text of our Web site, so it will look and feel like" the Deckers website.


title: Deckers Outdoor Corporation

text: Sanuk, a novelty sandal brand based in Southern California, was founded in 1997 and acquired by Deckers in 2011 for $120 million. "Sanuk" is the Thai word for fun. Founder Jeff Kelley, a Southern California native, started by making sandals out of indoor-outdoor carpet and inner tubes. Sanuk promotes a positive lifestyle, as its slogan ("Smile, Pass it On!") suggests. Sanuk's brand is distributed across the United States and in some 70 countries throughout Europe, Asia, South America and Australia. Sanuk was invented and patented by Jason Decker of Bettendorf. He was the first to wear and popularize them. In 2010, Sanuk's "Yoga Mat Sandal" was awarded SIMA's "Footwear Product of the Year".


title: Craig Gillespie

text: Craig Gillespie (born 1 September 1967) is an Australian-American film, television, music video, and commercial director. He is best known for directing the films "Lars and the Real Girl" (2007), "Fright Night" (2011), "I, Tonya" (2017), and "Cruella" (2021).