title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: American Airlines Flight 1 was a domestic, scheduled passenger flight from New York International (Idlewild) Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport) to Los Angeles International Airport. On March 1, 1962, the Boeing 707 rolled over and crashed into Jamaica Bay two minutes after takeoff, killing all 87 passengers and eight crew members aboard. A Civil Aeronautics Board investigation determined that a manufacturing defect in the autopilot system led to an uncommanded rudder control system input, causing the accident. A number of notable people died in the crash. It was the fifth fatal Boeing 707 accident, and at the time, the deadliest.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: The aircraft was a Boeing 707-123B, registered as N7506A. It was the 12th Boeing 707 constructed and was delivered to American Airlines on February 12, 1959. At the time of the crash, it had accumulated 8,147 flight hours. Its last periodic inspection had occurred on January 18, 1962, at 7,922 hours. The flight crew consisted of Captain James Heist (56), First Officer Michael Barna Jr. (35), Second Officer Robert Pecor (32), and Flight Engineer Robert Cain (32).


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: The aircraft received instructions to taxi to Runway 31L at 09:54 EST, and clearance to proceed to Los Angeles nonstop under instrument flight rules (IFR) at 10:02. Flight 1 became airborne at 10:07. Following American Airlines procedures and departure control instructions, the aircraft initiated a left turn to a heading of 290°. In the course of the turn, at , the aircraft banked too sharply, flipped past 90°, and began an upside-down, nose-first descent in a nearly vertical dive.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: Flight 1 crashed into Pumpkin Patch Channel, Jamaica Bay, at 10:08:49, while angled at 78° and on a magnetic heading of 300°. Passengers aboard a Mohawk Airlines plane bound for Albany that took off immediately after Flight 1 watched the plane plunge into the bay. The jet exploded upon impact, a tall splash of brackish water and black smoke erupted from the site, and the scattered debris and fuel caught fire. Long Island residents described hearing explosions that shook the foundations of nearby houses, although no one on the ground is known to have witnessed the airliner hitting the swamp. However, a few men at Naval Air Station New York/Floyd Bennett Field saw the massive column of water rising above the hangars, and one guard—at his post on the Cross Bay Bridge—saw the aircraft roll over.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: The aircraft crashed into a remote area of marshland on Jamaica Bay used as a wildlife sanctuary. Upwards of 300 policemen and fire fighters, including 125 detectives attending a narcotics seminar at the police academy, as well as Coast Guard helicopters, were mobilized to the crash site within 30 minutes of the crash for rescue operations, only to find no survivors. The three-alarm fire was under control by 10:50, when only wreckage remained. Low tides aided search personnel in their attempts to recover bodies from the downed aircraft. Only a few bodies remained intact.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) received notification of the accident at 10:10 am and immediately sent investigators to Jamaica Bay to conduct an investigation. The flight recorder was found on March 9 and sent to Washington, DC, for analysis. Public hearings were held at the International Hotel in New York on March 20–23, 1962.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: Investigators were unable to recover sufficient body tissue to determine whether the crew had been physically incapacitated at the time of the crash. Toxicology reports conclusively ruled out toxic gases, alcohol, and drugs as possible causes for the crash. Milton Helpern, Chief Medical Examiner, decided that having relatives attempt visual identification of the crash victims was inhumane and ordered dental and fingerprint comparisons. In early July, the CAB announced their investigators believed that a cotter pin and a bolt missing from the rudder mechanism might have caused Flight 1's crash. Though considered to be a "mechanic's oversight", the CAB nevertheless wired all operators of 707s to inform them of the potential danger of the assembly.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: In January 1963, the CAB released its aircraft accident report stating that the "most likely abnormality" to have caused the crash was a short circuit caused by wires in the automatic piloting system that had been damaged in the manufacturing process. It stated that the probable cause of the accident was "...rudder control system malfunction producing yaw, sideslip, and roll leading to a loss of control from which recovery was not effective" and concluded "that a rudder servo malfunction due to shorted wires is the most likely abnormality to have produced the accident."


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: CAB inspectors had inspected units at a Bendix Corporation plant in Teterboro, New Jersey, and discovered workers using tweezers to bind up bundles of wires, thereby damaging them. The Bendix Corporation issued denials, stating that the units underwent 61 inspections during manufacturing, in addition to inspections during installation and maintenance work, and insisted that had the insulation on the wires been breached at some point, it would have surely been detected and the unit replaced.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: Somewhat unusually, American Airlines continued using the "Flight 1" designator after the accident; AA1 is still used for a daily morning departure from New York-JFK to Los Angeles using the Airbus A321T.


title: American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)

text: In addition to the loss of life, fifteen of painter Arshile Gorky's paintings and drawings were destroyed in the crash.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: "Sweet but Psycho" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on August 17, 2018, through Atlantic Records as the first single from her debut studio album, "Heaven & Hell" (2020). The song was written by Max, Madison Love, Tix, Cook Classics, and the producer Cirkut. It is a pop, dance-pop, electropop, and synth-pop song with lyrics about the perception of a woman. The song's title was inspired by frequent interactions between Max and her parents. "Sweet but Psycho" received mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who praised its upbeat sound and catchy chorus.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: Upon release, "Sweet but Psycho" appeared on various Spotify playlists before peaking at number one in 22 countries, including Sweden, Finland, Norway, and the United Kingdom. The song was Max's first top 10 single in the United States, peaking at number 10 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was the highest-selling year-end song of 2019 in Slovenia and has attained platinum certifications in 15 countries, as well as diamond in France, Brazil, and Poland. An accompanying music video was directed by Shomi Patwary and depicts Max's character assaulting a man portrayed by model Prasad Romijn. The video was compared to films "Fatal Attraction" (1987) and "The Shining" (1980), as well as music videos by Rihanna and Bebe Rexha. Max performed the song at several televised events and as part of a medley during the 2019 MTV Video Music Awards and 2019 MTV Europe Music Awards shows.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: In 2014, after having had several demos rejected by producers and songwriters, and being caught out by questionable business deals, Max first met Canadian record producer Cirkut at a dinner party hosted by him in Los Angeles, California. After Max sang "Happy Birthday" to Cirkut, he took her under his wing and handled production of her music. In July 2016, she released the song "Anyone but You" on SoundCloud, which became popular and attracted the interest of several record labels that contacted her via email, with Max ultimately signing with Atlantic Records. American songwriter Madison Love wrote "Sweet but Psycho" after signing a publishing deal with Artist Partner Group (APG), as Max proceeded to sign as an artist with the same label within a short time period. APG founder Mike Caren suggested that Max should appear on "Sweet but Psycho" to Love, which was the latter's introduction to executive production. Max and Love coincidentally collaborated together as friends during their time in college. In a 2021 interview with "Rolling Stone", Love expressed happiness in her role of Max's breakthrough using "straight pop" since "every song on the radio was rap".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: "Sweet but Psycho" was released for digital download and streaming by Atlantic Records as the first single from Max's debut studio album "Heaven & Hell" (2020). The song was written by Max, Love, Tix, Cook Classics, and Cirkut, with the latter of the five solely handling production. When Max was a child, her parents said that "you're sweet, but you're a little psycho"; this inspired the song's title. In an interview with Idolator, Max discussed the message of the song, stating it is "about a girl who's not afraid to show all of her sides and her dualities, and about a guy loving all those sides". Max continued, saying she was misunderstood as a "psycho" but was "an outspoken girl ... speaking her mind".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: "Sweet but Psycho" is a pop, dance-pop, electropop, and synth-pop song that was inspired by music of the 1980s. According to the song's sheet music that was published on Musicnotes.com, it is set in the time signature of common time, with a tempo of 137 beats per minute, while composed in the key of D major. Max's voice on the track ranges from the low note of A to the high note of D, while the song is constructed in verse–chorus form. Three distinct, hypnotic hooks are used in the electronic dance music-themed chorus; the hooks overlap with each other, including "psycho/right though", "m-m-m-m-mine", and "run, don’t walk away". Max's vocals are pitch-altered and overshadow the stock scream effects used in the production. Bubblegum pop inspired verses are incorporated with hand-claps, and the bridge uses elements of trap music that are accompanied by a belt from Max. A kick-drum roll is used in the downbeat, which also includes a stereo call and response in every fourth measure of the chorus, coming second in the verse, and the first half of the pre-chorus.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: Chris DeVille of Stereogum compared "Sweet but Psycho" to Eurodance songs such as La Bouche's "Be My Lover", Eiffel 65's "Blue (Da Ba Dee)", and Cascada's "Everytime We Touch", along with Lady Gaga's electropop singles "Poker Face" and "Bad Romance". The lyrics of the track describe the perception of women in relationships; the word "psycho" refers to the feeling of being accepted for having an outspoken personality. A quotation from the American television series "30 Rock" is referenced in the chorus' lyrics, "Grab a cop gun kinda crazy / She's poison but tasty".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: Remixes of "Sweet but Psycho" by Paul Morrell, Morgan Page, and Dirty Disco were released. Morrell's remix has a dark tone and lead, with a thick bassline in contrast to Page's uplifting remix that includes melodic touches. The Dirty Disco remix fuses layered piano chords and synthesizer stabs with drum programming to make the song sound "tribal".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: "Sweet but Psycho" was met with mixed to positive reviews from music critics. Writing for "Billboard", Jon Ali praised "Sweet but Psycho" for providing an "instantly addictive" slice of pop; the publication also singled out the "pristine, instantly repeatable chorus". Sam Brooks of "The Spinoff" called it "a Frankenstein of a pop track" and said the song would fit the tracklist of Lady Gaga's 2008 debut album "The Fame". He commended Max for fusing elements of the music of Gaga, Katy Perry, and Marina Diamandis to become the Mary Shelley of pop. According to the "Belfast Telegraph" staff, the song is "infectiously catchy, earworm-friendly", and sassy. "Vulture" writer Myles Tanzer said the song "follows the classic Luke and Cirkut formula: a scientifically perfect '80s-inspired pop song, heavy on hooks and tweetable lyrics".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: In a mixed review, "The Daily Telegraph" writer Alim Kheraj called "Sweet but Psycho" "an unapologetically generic piece of pop" and opined that in contrast to Billie Holiday's "Crazy He Calls Me", Patsy Cline's "Crazy", Madonna's "Crazy for You", and Beyoncé's "Crazy in Love"—which are all songs about male-inspired women's madness—it says "interesting things" about female artists' newly found freedom of expression and that female pop singers are "now reclaiming the negative connotations around madness and womenhood".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: The release of "Sweet but Psycho" led to the song being promoted on streaming services, with Max seeing an increase in streams and social media followers. It topped the Swedish Spotify chart and had strong engagement in Bulgaria, which led to Caren recommending the song should be established in Nordic countries before expanding to the United States. "Sweet but Psycho" topped the Sverigetopplistan chart of Sweden on October 5, 2018, remaining at the summit for four consecutive weeks, before entering the charts in Finland and Norway, and peaking at number one in both of the countries. Writing about the song's international performance, Dan Rys of "Billboard" compared it to promotional strategies used by the Backstreet Boys and Dua Lipa, stating that they "have always worked in Europe and outside of America". He noted that "Sweet but Psycho" performed better on the "Billboard" Global Excl. US chart than on the Global 200, since it was formulated from personal collections over streaming playlists.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: In the United Kingdom, the song reached number two on the 2018 UK Singles Chart Christmas chart, behind British blogger LadBaby, who entered at number one that year with his cover of the 1985 Starship song "We Built This City", which outsold "Sweet but Psycho" by 18,500 units. The following week, "Sweet but Psycho" peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart, where it remained for four weeks before being replaced by Ariana Grande's "7 Rings" (2019). The song was certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on July 31, 2020, for selling 1,800,000 equivalent units.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: In the Republic of Ireland, "Sweet but Psycho" peaked at the top of the Irish Singles Chart and remained on the chart for 53 weeks. It also reached the summit on the 2018 Irish Singles Chart Christmas number ones, beating Grande's "Thank U, Next" (2018) by 300 units in sales. On the German Offizielle Deutsche Charts, the song debuted at number 82 on October 26, 2018, later topping the chart for six weeks and charting for 50 weeks. In Slovenia, it peaked at number one and ranked at the same position on the country's 2019 year-end chart. In Poland, "Sweet but Psycho" topped the Polish Airplay Top 100 on the chart issued January 19, 2019, where it was ultimately certified diamond by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (ZPAV) for track-equivalent sales of 100,000 units.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: "Sweet but Psycho" debuted at number 87 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for the December 29, 2018, issue of "Billboard". The song peaked at number 10 on the week of June 14, 2019, and remained at the position for three consecutive weeks, earning Max her first top 10 song in the US. The staff of "Billboard" said the song's "anomaly" in contemporaneous mainstream music that embraced hip hop and R&B allowed pop radio to immediately accept its mainstream sound after stagnating from the "clumsy" rotation of both genres in streaming media. The song also topped the US Dance Club Songs chart for the issue dated February 2, 2019, which was aided by several remixes by Paul Morrell, Morgan Page, and Dirty Disco. It was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 1, 2022, for sales of 4,000,000 certified units in the US. The song ranked at number 25 on The 25 Most-Consumed Songs of 2019 chart compiled by BuzzAngle Music, having sold more than 1,838,139 units. "Sweet but Psycho" peaked at number 11 on the Canadian Hot 100 for the May 11, 2019, issue of "Billboard".


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: In Australia, "Sweet but Psycho" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart for the issue dated November 11, 2018, at number 45. It peaked at number two for three consecutive weeks and remained on the chart for 31 weeks, eventually being certified five-times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling 350,000 equivalent units in the country. The song topped the New Zealand Singles Chart on January 7, 2019, where it was later certified platinum by Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ) for selling 30,000 units in the country. In Brazil, "Sweet but Psycho" was certified double diamond by Pro-Música Brasil (PMB) for selling 320,000 equivalent units.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: The lyrics of "Sweet but Psycho" have been criticized by several mental health advocates for stigmatizing mental illnesses. Kheraj stated the song "boasts lyrics akin to clickbait, pejoratively using terms such as 'psycho' and 'crazy' to evoke a sentiment that seems starkly at odds with the recent progress the music industry has made in how mental health is discussed". On January 25, 2019, the UK's Zero Suicide Alliance released an open letter condemning the song's lyrics for "perpetuating existing stereotypes" that further stigmatize mental illness; Irish mental health organizations tried to ban the song from radio airplay in their country due to the lyrics "misrepresenting psychotic illnesses". In response to the criticism, Max said in a 2019 interview with "Vanity Fair" that the song is about several gaslighting experiences with men. She defended the use of "psycho", stating the word has "a deeper meaning" and that she wanted the mental illness-related music video to be a theatrical experience for everyone.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: The music video for "Sweet but Psycho" was directed by Bengali American filmmaker Shomi Patwary and features model Prasad Romijn. It was released on August 27, 2018. Max connected with Romijn through Instagram, where he was invited to film the music video through the producer. Patwary used saturated colors for the video so that it would be perceived as artificial; he did not want the visual to appear realistic because it would be too violent. Lens flare was constantly used; the video was filmed using a vintage anamorphic lens that was made by Lomo, and it was rotoscoped and filtered to appear sharp. An ending for the music video in which Max wakes up from a dream was filmed, though the sequence was scrapped because Patwary disliked the cut and wanted it to finish with an open-ended conclusion.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: The music video begins with a grayscale scene of a man kissing a woman outside an apartment as Max walks by in disgust. Cinematic black bars crop the image and the setting shifts to a brightly lit mansion. Max walks down a spiral staircase, wearing an orange jacket and black crop top; she has mascara streaks on her eyes. A piece of clothing is ripped by Max, and she invites the man by SMS to have dinner with her. Max then picks up a baseball bat, throws darts at a board with his face on the bullseye, drinks a glass of red wine, and smokes a cigarette. The man later arrives at the mansion, where Max (now in a skin-tight latex outfit) grabs him by the hand and leads him up the staircase to a banquet.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: A red-haired Max slices a turkey, which the man eats. She then pours the red wine into his cup, with it changing to green. The man drinks the wine and immediately hallucinates as Max throws a kitchen knife at him, followed by him running down the staircase in horror. Max, wearing a wedding dress, dances alongside a bed containing the man, who has become comatose. She paints red splotches on an easel and shakes his head. In a flashing sequence, Max stands on the staircase, waves an axe, rips a photograph of the man, and rolls his unconscious head. In another scene, he escapes into Max's wardrobe as she smears his shirtless body with blood. In the wardrobe, a mutilated corpse falls out in front of the man. Sequences of Max with the unconscious man are shown; she pours gasoline on him then sets the room alight.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: Hannah Hightman of "V" magazine described the music video as an "aesthetic psychosis", stating Max's psycho characteristics are "too possessive, too dominant, too uninhibited". She continued, complimenting the video's satirical nature, praising Max's parodies of the various uses of the word "psycho", describing the video as "a funhouse mirror distortion of relationship problems that many women face". Steve Erickson of Studio Daily considered it to be "a more modest version of Lady Gaga's elaborate roleplay". Kheraj noted the video for referencing films such as "Fatal Attraction" (1987) and "The Shining" (1980), and compared the negative connotations of mental health to other music videos such as Rihanna's "Disturbia" (2008) and Bebe Rexha's "I'm a Mess" (2018). , the video has 760 million views on YouTube.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: Max performed "Sweet but Psycho" on the January 23, 2019 episode of "The Late Late Show with James Corden", which was the song's American television debut. She wore a pearl white corset and tulle skirt that covered her jet-black leather pants while the background lighting alternated between blue and red as four catsuit-wearing dancers performed a synchronized shoulder shrug. On January 25, 2019, Max performed the song on "Today". Max wore a red English-style military jacket, black leather pants, and black platform shoes, while the dancers wore black outfits. She appeared on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" to perform the song on April 11, 2019, wearing a black outfit with her signature hairstyle while being joined by a group of dancers. Max performed "Sweet but Psycho" and "So Am I" (2019), on the Australian breakfast television show "Sunrise" on April 29 of that year, marking her debut performance on Australian television.


title: Sweet but Psycho

text: Max performed the song in a medley with "So Am I" and "Salt" (2019) at the 2019 Wango Tango concert. She wore a green-and-purple long-sleeved outfit that was made by Zemeta, black leather pants, silver Steve Madden stiletto boots, and an iridescent Avec Les Filles trenchcoat. During the pre-show of the 2019 MTV Video Music Awards, Max began her performance with "Torn" (2019) before segueing into "Sweet but Psycho". Max and all the dancers wore silver outfits and gladiator boots while performing a choreographed dance with vocal runs. At the 2019 MTV Europe Music Awards, she performed the song along with "Torn". Max wore a red gown while performing on a white runway, which used "minimalist imagery to maximum effect". She performed "Sweet but Psycho" as the final song in a medley, following "So Am I" and "Torn" at the 2019 Jingle Bell Ball, performing with other artists such as The Script, Rita Ora, Regard and Mabel.


title: Coby Bryant

text: Coby Bryant (born March 29, 1999) is an American football cornerback for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Cincinnati.


title: Coby Bryant

text: Bryant mostly played on special teams during his freshman season. He was named a starter going into his sophomore year and had 33 tackles and two interceptions. Bryant finished his junior season with 54 tackles, eight passes broken up and one interception. Bryant was named first-team All-American Athletic Conference as a senior. After considering entering the 2021 NFL Draft, Bryant decided to utilize the extra year of eligibility granted to college athletes who played in the 2020 season due to the coronavirus pandemic and return to Cincinnati for a fifth season. Bryant repeated as a first-team All-AAC selection as a senior and was named the winner of the Jim Thorpe Award.


title: Coby Bryant

text: Bryant was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks with the 109th pick in the fourth round of the 2022 NFL Draft.


title: Cèilidh

text: A cèilidh ( , ) or céilí () is a traditional Scottish or Irish social gathering. In its most basic form, it simply means a social visit. In contemporary usage, it usually involves dancing and playing Gaelic folk music, either at a house party or a larger concert at a social hall or other community gathering place.


title: Cèilidh

text: "Cèilidhean" (plural of "cèilidh") and "céilithe" (plural of "céilí") originated in the Gaelic areas of Scotland and Ireland and are consequently common in the Scottish and Irish diasporas. They are similar to the "Troyl" traditions in Cornwall and "Twmpath" and "Noson Lawen" events in Wales, as well as English country dances throughout England which have in some areas undergone a fusion with céilithe.


title: Cèilidh

text: The term is derived from the Old Irish "céle" (singular) meaning "companion". It later became "céilidhe" and "céilidh", which means "visit" in Gaelic. In Scottish Gaelic reformed spelling it is spelled "cèilidh" (plural "cèilidhean") and in Irish reformed spelling as "céilí" (plural "céilithe").


title: Cèilidh

text: In more recent decades, the dancing portion of the event has usurped the older meanings of the term, though the tradition of guests performing music, song, story telling and poetry still persists in some areas.


title: Cèilidh

text: Ceilidhs were originally hosted by a "fear-an-tigh", meaning "man of the house". This is still the form in Ireland, though otherwise in modern ceilidhs the host is usually referred to more simply as "Host" or "Master of Ceremonies".


title: Cèilidh

text: Cèilidhs facilitated courting and prospects of marriage for young people and, although discos and nightclubs have displaced cèilidhs to a considerable extent, they are still an important and popular social outlet in rural parts of Ireland and Scotland, especially in the Gaelic-speaking regions. Cèilidhs are sometimes held on a smaller scale in private or public houses, for example in remote rural areas and during busy festivals.


title: Cèilidh

text: It is common for some clubs and institutions such as sports clubs, schools and universities and even employers to arrange cèilidhs on a regular or at least annual basis. The formality of these can vary. Some mix modern pop music with a Scottish country dancing band and dress codes range from compulsory highland dress to informal. Knowledge and use of the basic dance steps is not always strictly necessary, and dances often alternate with songs, poetry recitals, story telling and other types of "party pieces".


title: Cèilidh

text: Cèilidh music may be provided by an assortment of instruments including fiddle, flute, tin whistle, accordion, bodhrán, hammered dulcimer and in more recent times also drums, guitar, mandolin, bouzouki, Scottish smallpipes and electric bass guitar. The music is cheerful and lively, consisting in Ireland mainly of jigs, reels, hornpipes, polkas, slip-jigs and waltzes, with Scotland adding strathspeys, and England adding regional forms such as the northeastern rant. The basic steps can be learned easily; a short instructional session is often provided for new dancers before the start of the dance itself. In Ireland the first cèilidh band was put together in 1926 by Séamus Clandillon, Radio Éireann's director of Music, to have dance music for his studio-based programmes.


title: Cèilidh

text: Dancing at cèilidhs is usually in the form of cèilidh dances, set dances or couple dances. A "set" consists of four to eight couples, with each pair of couples facing another in a square or rectangular formation. Each couple exchanges position with the facing couple, and also facing couples exchange partners, while all the time keeping in step with the beat of the music.


title: Cèilidh

text: However, about half of the dances in the modern Scots cèilidh are couples' dances performed in a ring. These can be performed by fixed couples or in the more sociable "progressive" manner, with the lady moving to the next gentleman in the ring at or near the end of each repetition of the steps. In Ireland, the similar style of dance is called cèili dance or "fíor" (true) cèili dance. Some of the dances are named after famous regiments, historical battles and events, others after items of daily rural life. The "Gay Gordons", "Siege of Ennis", "The Walls of Limerick" and "The Stack of Barley" are popular dances in this genre.


title: Cèilidh

text: Step dancing is another form of dancing often performed at cèilidhs, the form that was popularised in the 1990s by the world-famous Riverdance ensemble. Whereas set dancing involves all present, whatever their skill, step dancing is usually reserved for show, being performed only by the most talented of dancers.


title: Cèilidh

text: The cèilidh has been internationalised by the Scottish and Irish diasporas in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, where local cèilidhs and traditional music competitions are held. In recent years, cèilidh and traditional music competitions have been frequently won by descendants of emigrants.


title: Cèilidh

text: It bears mention that cèilidhs are common throughout Nova Scotia. The tradition and the spirit of these gatherings are carried on in most small communities of these Maritime Provinces.


title: Cèilidh

text: Privately organised cèilidhs are now extremely common in both rural and urban Scotland, where bands are hired, usually for evening entertainment for a wedding, birthday party, celebratory or fundraising event. These may be more or less formal, and very often omit all other traditional Gaelic activity beyond the actual music and dancing. Novices are usually among the participants, so a "dance caller" may teach the steps before music begins for each dance. The more versatile bands will demonstrate the dances too. Scottish primary schools frequently teach some "country dancing", often around Christmas time. Bands vary in size but are commonly made up of between 2 and 6 players. The appeal of the Scottish cèilidh is by no means limited to the younger generation, and dances vary in speed and complexity to accommodate most age groups and levels of ability. Most private schools in Scotland will also hold cèilidhs on a fairly regular basis.


title: Cèilidh

text: Universities in Scotland hold regular cèilidhs, with the University of Edinburgh providing a number for students throughout each term, especially the long-running Highland Annual, the oldest cèilidh in Edinburgh and the largest in Scotland, organised by the Highland Society ('An Comann Ceilteach'). Glasgow University Union's annual debating competition, Glasgow Ancients, traditionally ends the night with a cèilidh. The Union's Christmas event, Daft Friday also involves a cèilidh. Cèilidhs are common fundraising and social events for many societies at the University of Glasgow.


title: Cèilidh

text: Some cèilidh bands intersperse cèilidh dancing with a DJ playing disco music to broaden the appeal of the evening's entertainment.


title: Cèilidh

text: The resurgence in the popularity of the céili (spelled this way in Ireland) over the last 20 years or so in Northern Ireland has been assisted in no small way by the interest in céilis amongst the younger generation and bands like Haste to the Wedding ceilidh band.


title: Cèilidh

text: Ceilidh in England has evolved a little differently from its counterparts elsewhere in Britain and Ireland. English ceilidh, sometimes abbreviated to eCeilidh, can be considered part of English Country Dance (and related to Contra). English ceilidh has many things in common with the Scottish and Irish social dance traditions. The dance figures are similar using couples dances, square sets, long sets and circle dances. However, the English style requires a slower tempo of tune accentuating the on-beat, the central instrument often being the English melodeon, a diatonic accordion in the keys of D and G. Dancers often use a skip, a stephop or rant step depending on region. This contrasts with the smoother style and more fluid motion seen in Ireland, Scotland, or (the walking) in Contra. Many ceilidh dances involve a couple, but this does not limit the number of partners any one dancer has during the ceilidh. Often dancers will change partners every dance to meet new people.


title: Cèilidh

text: An important part of English ceilidhs is the "caller" who instructs the dancer in the next dance. An experienced ceilidh caller will have a good understanding of the mechanics of the tunes and a deep knowledge of regional dances from the UK and beyond. They will confer with the band about what type of tune to play for the dance. This aids the selection of the right dance for the right audience. This skill is so sought after in the south of England that there are callers who are famous in their own right. However, many bands have their own caller, often also an instrumentalist; some have two.


title: Cèilidh

text: During an English ceilidh there is often an interval involving the talents of local Morris or rapper side; this also serves to give bands with older members a rest.


title: Cèilidh

text: It is possible to see many diverse and regionally distinct acts at a modern ceilidh. Acts range from the most traditional, like the Old Swan Band, to the most experimental like the electronic dance music influenced Monster Ceilidh Band. Many other forms of music have been combined with English ceilidh music including; Irish music from the band Phoenix Ceilidh Band; ska from the band Whapweasel; Traditional Jazz from the bands Chalktown and Florida; Funk Fusion from Licence to Ceilidh, Ceilidhography and Climax Ceilidh Band, Rock from the bands Peeping Tom, Aardvark Ceilidh Band, Touchstone and Tickled Pink; West African and Indian influenced music from the band Boka Halattraditional; traditional French music from the band Token Women; traditional Welsh music from Twm Twp; and heavy metal from Glorystrokes.


title: Justine Skye

text: Justine Indira Skyers (born August 24, 1995), known professionally as Justine Skye, is an American singer. Skye, whose initial fame was from Tumblr, found a career in the music industry and signed with Atlantic Records at the age of 19.


title: Justine Skye

text: Skye was born August 24, 1995, in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, New York City, to Jamaican parents. Her mother Nova Perry, an entertainment lawyer, is of Afro-Jamaican and Indo-Jamaican descent and her father Christopher Skyers, a corporate merchandiser VP is Afro-Jamaican Her grandfather is politician N. Nick Perry, the United States Ambassador to Jamaica.


title: Justine Skye

text: Skye began her professional singing career when she performed songs to go with the book "Rules To Rock By". She is known for having made a cover of Drake's song Headlines, receiving over two million views on YouTube. In 2012, Skye released her very first mixtape, "Skye High". Following the success of "Skye High", her debut seven-track EP, "Everyday Living", helped her land a deal with Atlantic Records in 2013. Her song "Hard Work" landed on BET's "106 & Park" Top 10. She released the album "Emotionally Unavailable" in 2015. Not long after, her song "Collide", produced by DJ Mustard and featuring the rapper Tyga was released.


title: Justine Skye

text: In October 2015, she performed at TIDAL10X20, an event created by Jay-Z, and at a Tommy Hilfiger show in Brazil. Skye has not been limited to music, and made an appearance on the final episode of "House of DVF" as a guest star.


title: Justine Skye

text: In 2016 she left Atlantic and signed to Roc Nation and Republic Records. In December 2016, Skye released her EP "8 Ounces", to positive reviews.


title: Justine Skye

text: Her debut album "Ultraviolet" was released on January 18, 2018. The album featured the singles "U Don't Know" (featuring Wizkid), "Back for More" (featuring Jeremih), and "Don't Think About It". The music video for "Don't Think About It" was released on the same day as the pre-order, December 8, and the song "Good Love" became available with the album pre-order.


title: Justine Skye

text: In June 2021, her third studio album, "Space & Time", was released. The album was executively produced by Grammy award winning producer Timbaland.


title: Justine Skye

text: On November 19, 2018, Skye did an interview with "The Breakfast Club" in which she spoke about experiencing domestic violence. On February 12, 2019, Skye identified rapper Sheck Wes as the abuser on Twitter, and shared a video of him climbing a fence at her house. He denies the allegations.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Rudolf Walter Wanderone (né Rudolf Walter Wanderon Jr.; January 19, 1913 – January 15, 1996), commonly known as Minnesota Fats, was an American professional billiards player. Although he never won a major pool tournament as "Fats", he was at one time perhaps the most publicly recognized pool player in the United States—not only as a player, but also as an entertainer. Wanderone was inducted in 1984 into the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame for his decades-long public promotion of pool.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Wanderone began playing at a young age in New York City. As a teenager, he became a traveling pool hustler. He had one alleged child whom he denied, Jamesetta Hawkins, or Etta James (Cadillac Records, 2008, movie). Later, in his thirties, he moved to Du Quoin, Illinois, where he met and married his first wife, Evelyn. During World War II, he hustled servicemen in Norfolk, Virginia. With the end of the war, Wanderone returned to Illinois and entered semi-retirement.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Wanderone, who was sometimes known by the nickname "New York Fats" in his role as a pool player, adopted the name "Minnesota Fats" from the character of that name in the 1961 film "The Hustler", claiming that the character, played by Jackie Gleason, was based upon him.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: He parlayed the association with the film into his own book deals and television appearances, including a series of matches with rival Willie Mosconi. Later in life, Wanderone divorced Evelyn and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he married his second wife, Theresa, with whom he remained until his death.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Wanderone was born in New York City to Rudolf Walter Wanderon and his wife, Rose ( Rosa Burgin); both Swiss immigrants who married in New York. One of three siblings (he had two sisters), Rudolf Jr. was born in 1913, but sometimes hinted he was born earlier, even as early as 1900.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Known as "Rudy" to friends and family, Wanderone started playing pool as a child while living in Washington Heights, Manhattan. In 1923, he traveled with his father to Europe, where he received training from German balkline billiards champion Erich Hagenlocher. His first prominent match was in 1926, when he competed against former nine-ball champion "Cowboy" Weston; Wanderone won, handily. Wanderone left school in the eighth grade and became a traveling pool hustler, spending much of the 1920s playing at a pool hall called Cranfield's in New York City, where he received his first nickname after beating another hustler known as "Smart Henry". The intensity of their competition led Wanderone's friend Titanic Thompson to dub Wanderone "Double-Smart". By the mid-1930s, during the Great Depression, Wanderone had become a manager of a pool hall, owned by a friend, in Anacostia, southeast Washington, D.C. He had acquired more notoriety and nicknames, including "Triple-Smart Fats", "New York Fats", "Broadway Fats", and "Chicago Fats", attracting from other hustlers, including the then-unknown Luther "Wimpy" Lassiter.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: In 1941, Wanderone and friend Jimmy Castras arrived in southern Illinois—a major hustling center on a fast track to televised tournament play—and settled in Du Quoin, Illinois, where he continued hustling. Eventually, he met Evelyn Inez Graff; they married two months to the day later, on May 7, 1941. Following their wedding, the Wanderones settled in Dowell, Illinois. In 1942, the couple moved to Norfolk, Virginia. Norfolk had become a key mustering point for American soldiers, as well as a shipbuilding center. The growing population led to an enormous interest in gambling; Wanderone, in partnership with fellow hustler Lassiter, quickly recognized the financial possibilities. Following World War II, however, the action soon "dried up", and the Wanderones returned to Little Egypt, Illinois. Throughout the 1950s, Wanderone was in semi-retirement, making only occasional hustling trips to New York City.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: In 1961, the film version of Walter Tevis's novel "The Hustler" was released. The film tells the story of a pool shark named "Fast Eddie" Felson and his quest to beat the greatest pool player in America, "Minnesota Fats". World Champion Willie Mosconi served as a technical advisor and trick shot stunt man for the film. Wanderone almost immediately dropped his "New York Fats" nickname, adopted the name "Minnesota Fats", and began spreading the story that the character was based on him. Tevis denied this for the rest of his life. However, Derek Kirunchyk examined the pages of Tevis' original manuscript and discovered that Tevis had changed the character's nickname from "New York" to "Minnesota" in one of the original manuscript pages, lending credence to Fats' claim that he was the inspiration for the character.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Wanderone's notoriety as "Minnesota Fats" led to a job as executive vice-president of billiard table manufacturer Rozel Industries, playing exhibition matches and giving demonstrations. Rozel, in 1965, published Fats' first book: "Minnesota "Fats" Book of Billiards". On January 17, 1965, he appeared on the television game show "What's My Line?", successfully stumping the panel.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: In 1966, he wrote his autobiography, "The Bank Shot, and Other Great Robberies", with "Sports Illustrated" journalist Tom Fox. His first television game show, "Minnesota Fats Hustles the Pros", debuted in 1967, featuring "Fats" playing against other pro players.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: In 1967 he completed and published an instructional paperback, "Minnesota Fats on Pool", which was reprinted through 1976 in large-quantity editions, was then reissued as a hardcover in 1993, and remains to this day commonly available.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: The next year, on January 24, 1968, Fats was a guest on "The Joey Bishop Show". By 1970, "Celebrity Billiards with Minnesota Fats", another short-lived television game show series, featured Fats playing against celebrity guests such as Sid Caesar.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: In a feature film entitled "The Player" (produced in December 1970, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana), Fats played himself as "Minnesota Fats" and was featured prominently on the promotional poster. The screenplay was written and directed by Thomas DeMartini, also starred pool pro Jack Colavita, and had a limited release in 1971 by International Cinema. That same year Fats was a guest on both "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" (September 21, 1971), on which he hustled Carson out of US$1, and the British "David Frost Show" (October 13, 1971). His fame as "Fats" had already made it difficult for Fats to hustle effectively, so he relied more and more on exhibition games for income.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: By 1979, Fats was well known enough to play himself as a celebrity guest star on a season 2 episode of the popular television detective drama "Vega$" titled "the Usurper". The episode featured "Fats" and pro Jimmy Mataya playing one another in a game of pool. In 1980, while visiting a one-mile stretch of St. Louis, Fats had to double his order of autographed pictures after he was stopped thirty-seven times. During this trip he was beaten by Michael Boulton 4 out of 10 times in games of pool.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats enjoyed promoting a feud with world champion Mosconi over how to present pool—either as a rough-and-tumble gambling game (Fats) or as a genteel pastime and art form (Mosconi). Mosconi's widow, Flora, said of the rivalry, "My husband hated Minnesota Fats because he felt that <nowiki>[Wanderone]</nowiki> was always hurting the image of the game instead of helping it." Fats would state smugly, "I may have 'given away' a few games to deserving competitors, but I have never lost a real money game since I was old enough to spell 'Weeli Mesconi'." The two competed on Valentine's Day (February 14), 1978 in a televised match on ABC's "Wide World of Sports". With almost 11 million viewers, the game was the second-highest-rated episode of the show for that year, behind only the Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks rematch. The game was held at New York's Waldorf Astoria Hotel and was announced by Howard Cosell. Although Fats lost the game, he won the audience with his banter and with his joking manner. Mosconi, on the other hand, was reportedly perceived as cold.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: "Fats" lost a number of rematches to Mosconi in the following years. However, in the nationally broadcast "Resorts International Shoot-Out" of October 1984—Fats' last notable television appearance—he finally turned the tables on his rival. The event began with a trick shot competition among four players—Fats, Mosconi, Steve Mizerak, and Allen Hopkins.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Next, Hopkins and Fats played against Mosconi and Mizerak in doubles seven-ball, then nine-ball. Fats and Mosconi ultimately played a one-on-one game of seven-ball; Fats won the match. During the exhibition, a very quiet and genteel Mosconi blocked Fats' rough-and-tumble banter by wearing ear plugs; yet that failed to stop Fats from putting on a show for his fans. In an interview, Fats was asked about his strategy to defeat Mosconi and replied that he had thought to himself, "I'll make [the 7 ball] on the break and end it... then I'll help carry Willie out on a stretcher."


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: The Billiard Congress of America in 1984 inducted Fats into its Hall of Fame for "Meritorious Service" in recognition of his contributions to helping popularize the game of pool. In 1984, Fats abandoned his wife, Evelyn; they divorced a year later.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats moved into the Hermitage Hotel in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, in 1985, remaining there for several years. In 1992, while undergoing surgery for a knee injury, he suffered a massive heart attack but survived. In 1993, he met and married his second wife, Teresa Talley Bell. He lived in Bell's Nashville house until his death on January 15, 1996, four days shy of his 83rd birthday, although some sources, including "The New York Times", erroneously gave the date of his death as January 18.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats had no known children. Singer Etta James said she believed that he was her biological father, having reportedly been told that by her mother as well as by others who knew her mother and whom James described as "people who were there and should know". However, there is no published evidence of such a relationship. James and Fats are only known to have met once, in 1987.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: In her autobiography, "Rage to Survive", James recounted their meeting, writing that Fats neither confirmed nor denied his paternity. According to James, he told her that he did not recall the details of his life at the time of her conception well enough to know whether he could have been the father.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: The epitaph on his tombstone reads: "Beat every living creature on Earth. 'St. Peter, rack 'em up. — Fats.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats was known for ostentation, self-aggrandizement, tall tales, fast talk, and entertaining banter. He was even publicly recognized by famed boaster Muhammad Ali as better at boasting. His critical biographer, R.A. Dyer, documents that Fats completely fabricated a "here-by-fate" tale about a car wreck which brought the player to Little Egypt; it was a tale that Fats encouraged to be spread and further embellished in his autobiography to lend an air of the mystical to his public persona. He made false claims about beating Willie Mosconi so frequently that Mosconi filed a slander lawsuit, to little avail.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: According to Dyer, Fats was notorious for nonstop chatter on subjects about which he knew little, or stories about himself. At the beginning of his first television match against Mosconi, Fats claimed: "I've never lost [a game] for money in my "life"; beat everyone that ever lived." Yet, as Dyer concedes, "Pool hustlers are, by nature, liars. And by this measure, Minnesota Fats was just a very, very good pool hustler."


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats was a lover of animals and was reported to have had dozens of cats and dogs simultaneously, and to have devoted a lot of time to finding homes for strays. "I'm crazy about every living creature", he wrote in "The Bank Shot". "It doesn't matter what it happens to be. I even love insects; in fact, I wouldn't swat a fly or a mosquito for a whole barrel of gold."


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Remembered well for his turns of phrase and his puns, Fats once wrote, "If you happened to drive from Mobile to Dowell [Illinois] with a carload of pool hustlers, you would get bit so hard and so often that you would need a malaria vaccine and a new bankroll as well", a reference not only to the area's notorious mosquitos but also to the predatory nature of hustlers. Fats is remembered for saying on his way out a pool room door, "Boys, the only difference between me and everybody else is that everybody else drives around in a Volkswagen, and Minnesota Fats drives around in a Duesenberg." Fats would go virtually anywhere to help promote the game, and he was a crowd pleaser.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats owned various limousines throughout his career. He once toured the country in a colorful Lincoln limousine with his extended moniker painted along the side panels in translucent paint, changing colors as it moved with the reflections from the sun: "Minnesota Fats, King of Pool". His 1980 Cadillac Fleetwood limousine was later in the Nashville auto museum, until the facility closed.


title: Rudolf Wanderone

text: Fats was notorious for his spontaneous wit. When he was named the "uncrowned king" of pool because he never got actively involved in tournament circles (owing to being too busy hustling), his reply: "You judge a king by the size of his wallet and his palace. You can leave the crown in the toilet."


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Golmaal Returns () is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty. Based on the 1973 Hindi film "Aaj Ki Taaza Khabar", it serves as the second installment in the "Golmaal film series". The film stars Ajay Devgn, Arshad Warsi, Tusshar Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor and Shreyas Talpade. It was one of the highest-grossing Hindi films of 2008.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Gopal (Ajay Devgn) lives with his wife Ekta (Kareena Kapoor), who is addicted to watching Indian dramas and soap operas. He also lives with his sister Esha (Amrita Arora) and Ekta's mute brother , his brother in law Lucky (Tusshar Kapoor). Lucky is in love with a deaf girl named Daisy (Anjana Sukhani). One night, while returning from his office, Gopal saves an attractive young woman named Meera (Celina Jaitly) from some dreadful goons. Due to circumstances, both of them decide to stay the night at Gopal's friend's yacht.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: When he arrives home the next day, an over-suspicious Ekta suspects Gopal of flirting around with his female employees and having an affair with his secretary. Knowing how difficult it is to convince her with the truth, he invents a story about spending the night with a fictitious friend named Anthony Gonsalves. Ekta becomes suspicious and does not believe his story as she knows that he never had a friend by that name, and hence, she decides to write to Anthony to visit her and to confirm Gopal was telling the truth.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Gopal meets Laxman Prasad (Shreyas Talpade) who has come to interview for a position in his office. He is Meera's boyfriend, which is not known to Gopal who asks him to pretend to be Anthony, and meet and convince Ekta that he was indeed telling the truth, in return for a job. Laxman agrees to do so, and everything goes according to plan until the address on which Ekta had written a letter to Anthony turns out to be real. Meanwhile, Gopal finds out that a dead body was found at the same location where he saved Meera from the goons.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Investigating Officer Madhav (Arshad Warsi), who also happens to be Esha's boyfriend, does not get along with Gopal. He finds out that Gopal was missing from his home that very night and that the dead person was Gopal's colleague whom he had threatened to kill over a spat. Madhav also finds out that Laxman is not the real Anthony. He asks Gopal to get the girl to the police station to prove that Gopal had been with her, and did not murder his employee. After three days and a lot of attempts, they still are not able to find the girl. In panic, Laxman and Lucky hire a woman called Munni (Ashwini Kalsekar) who needs money to get her boyfriend Vasooli (Mukesh Tiwari) out of jail. But Munni is kidnapped by the murderer.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: In a rage, Vasooli comes to Meera's house, where Laxman and Lucky learn the woman was none other than Meera whom Gopal had saved from the goons that night. After an initial shock, they decide to go to the police station. However, Vasooli kidnaps Meera in anger. Gopal is later bailed out by Sawant (Murali Sharma) who is going along with him to the Lover's Point along with Madhav, Esha, Lucky and Laxman in tow and Ekta, Vasooli and Meera arriving later. Munni is found tied up with her mouth gagged with tape in the back of the murderer's jeep. Munni is heard moaning through the tape on her mouth. Laxman unties Munni and removes the tape from her mouth. Gopal learns that this was a plot concocted by Sawant to frame him for the murder, as his illegal drug trade was about to be exposed. The drama grows, as everyone attempts suicide (except Madhav and Lucky), much to Sawant's anger. Finally, Sawant goes crazy and tries to kill himself. Ekta and Gopal get back together, Madhav and Gopal also shake hands in the end.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Lucky, meanwhile, marries the daughter of the president of Gopal's company, who happens to be Daisy and becomes the new boss, giving a shock to the others. Gopal and Laxman are the junior bosses while Madhav is a 24-hour guard for Lucky.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Ajay Devgn is paired opposite Kareena Kapoor. Amongst the rest of the multi-starrer cast, actress Amrita Arora is the love interest of Arshad Warsi whilst Celina Jaitly and Anjana Sukhani are paired opposite Shreyas Talpade and Tusshar Kapoor, respectively.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Originally expected to commence shooting for the film in Dubai on a forty-day schedule, the cast shot for the film in Goa on a twenty-day schedule. Shooting later continued in places like the Filmistan Studios in Mumbai, South Africa and Bangkok.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: The soundtrack was released on 19 September 2008 by director Rohit Shetty and actors Ajay Devgn, Tusshar Kapoor & Shreyas Talpade on the musical show "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009". While the film's soundtrack contains six new songs composed by Pritam for the sequel, the album also consists of songs from the first film. Lyrics have been penned by Sameer.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: The music video of the song "Tha Kar Ke" cost , making it the most expensive Bollywood music video up until that time. Its choreography and picturisation was reportedly inspired by the "Sivaji" song "Athiradee".


title: Golmaal Returns

text: Joginder Tuteja from "IndiaFM" gave the film's soundtrack 3 out of 5 stars and noted, that ""Golmaal Returns" is yet another winner from Pritam who delivers what is expected from a soundtrack for a film belonging to action-comedy genre. No one attempts to do anything exceptional or different from routine but walk the path which has been successful in the months gone by. The music may not go the "Race" (2008) way but does well enough to ensure immense awareness about the film due to its fast paced approach." According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 14,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's tenth highest-selling.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: "Golmaal Returns" was considered financially successful. It grossed between 420–450 million in the first five days.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: The film was released on DVD on 10 December 2010. The release included a single disc edition with the film and special features being the making of the film, and three songs: "Golmaal Remix", "Meeoow", and "Tu Saala".


title: Golmaal Returns

text: On the Moser Baer release, it is one disc plus a bonus disc of "Golmaal" starring Ajay Devgn, Sharman Joshi, Tusshar Kapoor, Rimi Sen and Paresh Rawal.


title: Golmaal Returns

text: In 2008, Shakuntala Bhatia, wife of director Rajendra Bhatia filed a complaint against Shree Asthavinayak Cine Vision Ltd., accusing them of directly copying the story of her husband's film "Aaj Ki Taaza Khabar" (1973).


title: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (arcade game)

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, released in Japan as and in Europe as Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles, is a 1989 beat 'em up arcade game released by Konami. It is based on the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" franchise, including the first animated series that began airing two years earlier. In the game, up to four players control the titular Ninja Turtles, fighting through various levels to defeat the turtles' enemies, including the Shredder, Krang and the Foot Clan. Released during a high point in popularity for the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" franchise, the arcade game was a worldwide hit, becoming the highest-grossing dedicated arcade game of 1990 in the United States and Konami's highest-grossing arcade game. Versions for various home systems soon followed, including the Nintendo Entertainment System. A sequel, "", was released in 1991.


text: The player chooses from one of the four Ninja Turtles: Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, and Raphael. Depending on the version of the game, the characters are either chosen via an in-game select screen or based on which coin slot the player placed their credit into. After Shredder kidnaps the Turtles' friend April O'Neil and their mentor Splinter, they must give chase, save their comrades, and defeat the evil Shredder. Up to four players (two in some versions) can take control of any of the Turtles. Donatello has slower attacks but a longer range, Michelangelo and Raphael have faster attacks but a shorter range, and Leonardo is a well-rounded Turtle with average range and speed.


text: The eight-way joystick controls the movements of the Turtle, the jump button makes them jump and the attack button makes them hit in front of them using their weapon. The Turtles can also perform special moves, including throwing Foot soldiers overhead and performing a special attack by pressing the jump and attack buttons; Raphael rolls along the ground and finishes with a kick, while the other Turtles do a sweeping jump attack with their weapons. The Turtles can also spring off the wall in certain areas. Enemies can be defeated more quickly by slamming them into walls or solid objects. Many objects such as traffic cones, parking meters, fire hydrants and exploding oil drums can be hit or damaged with attacks in order to help defeat nearby enemies. In the attract mode, the game shows the first part of the cartoon opening, along with a portion of the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" theme song.


text: Most of the enemies the Turtles face are the Foot Soldiers, all color-coded to indicate their attack patterns and weapon of choices. Some enemies, such as the standard purple-clad Foot Soldiers and Roadkill Rodney robots, have the ability to restrain the Turtles' mobility and drain their health, leaving only the player open to attack for other enemies. The bosses in the game include Rocksteady and Bebop (individually at first in that order, and later the two of them together), Baxter Stockman (in his human form), Granitor, General Traag, Krang, and Shredder himself.


text: Konami acquired the license for the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" franchise around the same time the animated series began airing in 1987. Konami began development on both an arcade game and console game shortly after.


text: The arcade game was distributed as "TMNT: Super Kame Ninja" in Japan, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" in North America and Oceania, and "Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles" in Europe. The game was released primarily as a dedicated four-player arcade cabinet in all regions except Japan, where it was sold as a 2-player conversion kit. 2-player conversion kits of the game were released in other regions, serving as less expensive alternatives to 4-player cabinets.


text: The game was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. This conversion was titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game in order to avoid confusion with the previous NES game based on the franchise. The Japanese Famicom version was titled "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", without a number nor a subtitle, due to the fact that first NES game was localized in Japan under a different title.


text: This version includes two new levels (the first part of Scene 3 and all of Scene 6), which feature new enemy characters, including two new bosses created specifically for the NES port: Tora (a Polar Bear-like "blizzard beast") and Shogun (a robotic samurai). Most of the original stages from the arcade version were extended as well, and the second half of Scene 3, the parking garage stage, replaces the arcade version's end battle with both Bebop and Rocksteady with a battle against the mutated fly form of Baxter Stockman. The NES port appeared in Nintendo's PlayChoice-10 arcade system.


text: The NES version featured notable product placement advertising: Pizza Hut logos. The rear cover of the instruction manual provided a coupon for the restaurant, with an expiration date of December 31, 1991.


text: Computer ports of the arcade game were released by Image Works and ported by Probe Software in 1991 for the ZX Spectrum, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, DOS PC and Commodore 64. The title was changed to "Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles: The Coin Op" in the European versions, reflecting censorship of the 1987 TV series in certain regions at the time.


text: An emulated version of the arcade game is included as a hidden bonus game in "" for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube, but with altered music and most of the voice clips edited out. The game is unlocked by finding an antique in Stage 9-1; the antique turns out to be the original arcade machine.


text: An Xbox Live Arcade version of the game was released under the name "TMNT 1989 Classic Arcade" on March 14, 2007, published by Ubisoft and ported by Digital Eclipse. The game was priced at 400 Microsoft Points. Like other classic arcade games on the Xbox 360 platform, portions of the original arcade game were emulated with network code and other new features added. Players could earn achievements as well as play 2-4 player co-op (both online and offline). Unlike the unlockable in "Battle Nexus", this rerelease retains the music and voices of the 1989 arcade game.


text: In 2019, the game was re-released as a replica arcade cabinet for home use by manufacturer Arcade1Up. The reissue is nearly identical to the original, but there are a few changes: the opening theme is a new recording by a different singer, players do not need to insert quarters to play, and Konami's name on the arcade marquee is replaced by Nickelodeon's.


text: The arcade game was a blockbuster hit, especially in North America, becoming Konami's highest-grossing arcade game. Konami was unable to keep up with high demand, so they outsourced additional US manufacturing production to Dynamo Corp. The release of the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" film in March 1990 gave the arcade game a further boost in earnings. By early April 1990, Konami had sold over 20,000 arcade cabinets internationally outside of Japan, including over 14,000 cabinets sold in the United States, where it became the biggest arcade hit since "Double Dragon" (1987). By early May 1990, the game had sold 25,000 arcade cabinets in America and Europe, with more units still in production to meet continued demand at the time.


text: In North America, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" was the highest-grossing upright cabinet on the "RePlay" arcade charts throughout 1990, from January through spring, summer and autumn to December. During November and December, weekly coin drop earnings averaged $163 per cabinet. It ended the year as the highest-grossing dedicated arcade game of 1990 in the United States, and it won a Diamond award from the American Amusement Machine Association (AAMA) for sales achievement in 1990.


text: The game was also a major hit in Europe, particularly the United Kingdom, where it was one of the top four highest-grossing arcade games during early 1990 (along with "Tecmo World Cup '90", "Super Masters" and "Line of Fire"). On Hong Kong's Bondeal charts, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" was the top-grossing dedicated arcade game from December 1989 to January 1990. In Australia, the game was a record-breaking arcade hit in 1990 with high earnings during its first six months on the market, which was unusual for licensed arcade games which typically disappeared after several months. In Japan, "Game Machine" listed "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" on their September 1, 1990 issue as being the fourth most-popular arcade game for the previous two weeks.


text: The Xbox Live Arcade digital version of "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" sold 984,271 units on the Xbox 360 console, .


text: "Zzap!" reported on the arcade game after it appeared at the Amusement Trades Exhibition International (ATEI), calling it a "great coin-op which is best in four player mode."


text: British gaming magazine "The One" reviewed the home computer versions (Amiga, Atari ST, DOS) of "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" under the British title, "Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles", giving credit for the game's graphics and sound, but criticizing the enemy AI and the ports' scrolling, concluding that the game "lacks depth and imagination".


text: Time's Jared Newman named to his list of "14 Important Arcade Games Not Available for iPhone or iPad", citing the game's pioneering 4-player simultaneous play.


text: GamesRadar ranked it the 25th best NES game made. The staff attributed the Ninja Turtles' continued success to the game and praised its visuals, audio, and combat system.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: Romulus Zachariah Linney IV (September 21, 1930 – January 15, 2011) was an American playwright and novelist.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: Linney was born in Philadelphia, the son of Maitland (née Thompson) Linney and physician Romulus Zachariah Linney III. His great-grandfather was Romulus Zachariah Linney, a prominent North Carolinian who served in the American Civil War and as a U.S. Congressman. Linney grew up in the town of Madison, Tennessee where his father was a regular M.D. He also lived with his extended family for a few years during the Great Depression in the Linney/Coffey homestead in Boone, North Carolina and returned to the homestead to visit his favorite cousins, the Coffeys, throughout his life. Linney recalled that his mother "was a very good amateur actress" and when she starred in the Nashville Community Theatre's 1940 production of "Our Town" as Mrs. Gibbs, he was deeply moved by her performance, particularly by her character's death. "I became really connected to my mother and it was the first time I was really shattered by a play. And in many ways that was the beginning. It, in a very visceral way, showed me the profound impact theater can have... Music might give you exultation or something else equally profound, but theater at a great stroke can just shatter you, can break you." Linney's father died of throat cancer when Linney was 13 years old. Linney said about his father's death, "I've never gotten over it. My father was a very good man...I think his death is in everything I do. All other experiences in life pall beside the death of a parent you dearly love, when you have to deal with that as a child. No religion can console you for it. Nothing can." After his father's death, Linney and his mother moved to Washington, D.C., where he attended middle school and high school.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Oberlin College and a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Yale School of Drama. He is an alumnus of HB Studio in New York City. He authored three novels, four opera librettos, twenty short stories, and 85 plays which have been staged throughout the United States from South Coast Repertory in California to the Virginia Museum Theater (VMT) in Richmond, and in Europe and Asia. His plays include "The Sorrows of Frederick", "Holy Ghosts", "Childe Byron", "Heathen Valley", and an adaptation of Ernest J. Gaines's novel, "A Lesson Before Dying", which has been produced in New York and in numerous regional theaters. Many of his plays were set in Appalachia ("Tennessee, Holy Ghosts, Sand Mountain, Gint" and "Heathen Valley"), while others focused on historical subjects ("The Sorrows of Frederick, King Philip, 2: Goering at Nuremberg"). His adaptations for the American stage of several modern foreign classics—plays and tales from Tolstoy, Chekhov, Ibsen and others—have been performed from New York to Minneapolis, and his melding of two novels by Henry Adams into the comedy "Democracy" was premiered by artistic director Keith Fowler at VMT. Linney's vivid biographical reconstructions of controversial personalities are remarkable for their power to retain a lifelike vigor—as in his treatment of Hermann Goering in "2: Goering at Nuremberg", and Lord Byron in "Childe Byron".


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: In 2010 before his death, Linney completed a libretto for an opera by Scott Wheeler based on his first play "The Sorrows of Frederick "commissioned by The Metropolitan Opera and Lincoln Center Theater. He also completed a full-length play about Alzheimer's disease, "Over Martinis, Driving Somewhere", which received a workshop at New York Stage and Film in the summer of 2010.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: Among Linney's many awards were two Obie awards, one for sustained excellence in play writing; two National Critics Awards; three Drama-Logue Awards; and fellowships from the Guggenheim and Rockefeller foundations, the New York Foundation for the Arts and the National Endowment of the Arts. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, which conferred upon him its Award in Literature, Award of Merit and its highest award, the gold medal. He received honorary doctorates from Oberlin College in 1994, from Appalachian State University in 1995, and from Wake Forest University in 1998.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: He was a member of the Ensemble Studio Theatre, the Fellowship of Southern Writers, National Theatre Conference, College of Fellows of the American Theatre, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the Corporation of Yaddo. Linney had been chair of the MFA Playwriting program at Columbia University’s School of the Arts and Professor of Playwriting in the Actors Studio MFA Program at The New School in New York. He also taught over the years at Princeton, University of Pennsylvania, Connecticut College, and the Sewanee Writers Conference among others.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: Linney was the founding playwright of Signature Theatre Company, which named a theater in his honor in the new Signature Center, which opened in 2012. On his birthday September 21, 2012, the University of North Carolina at its Appalachian State University campus in Boone, NC opened his archives for researchers and scholars.


title: Romulus Linney (playwright)

text: At the time of death, he was married to Laura Callanan, former senior deputy chair of the National Endowment for the Arts and founding partner of Upstart Co-Lab.


title: Crius

text: In Greek mythology, Crius (; or Κριός, "Kreios"/"Krios") was one of the Titans, children of Uranus and Gaia. Like other Titans, Crius lacks much characterization, with no unique domain or mythology of his own, instead apparently serving a purely genealogical function in mythology, to provide parentage for other figures.


title: Crius

text: Although "krios" was also the ancient Greek word for "ram", the Titan's chthonic position in the underworld means no classical association with Aries, the ram of the zodiac, is ordinarily made. Aries is the first visible constellation in the sky at the spring season, marking the start of the new year in the ancient Greek calendar.


title: Crius

text: According to Hesiod, with Eurybia, daughter of Gaia ("Earth") and Pontus ("Sea"), he fathered Astraios, Pallas, and Perses. The joining of Astraios with Eos, the Dawn, brought forth Eosphoros, Hesperus, Astraea, the other stars, and the winds.


title: Crius

text: Joined to fill out lists of Titans to form a total matching the Twelve Olympians, Crius was inexorably involved in the ten-year-long war between the Olympian gods and Titans, the Titanomachy, though without any specific part to play. When the war was lost, Crius was banished along with the others to the lower level of Hades called Tartarus.


title: Crius

text: As the least individualized among the Titans, he was overthrown in the Titanomachy. M. L. West has suggested how Hesiod filled out the complement of Titans from the core group—adding three figures from the archaic tradition of Delphi, Coeus, and Phoibe, whose name Apollo assumed with the oracle, and Themis. Among possible further interpolations among the Titans was Crius, whose interest for Hesiod was as the father of Perses and grandfather of Hecate, for whom Hesiod was, according to West, an "enthusiastic evangelist".


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Tiruchirappalli International Airport (IATA: TRZ, ICAO: VOTR) is an international airport serving Tiruchirappalli in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The airport spread over an area of is located on National Highway 336, about south of the city centre. As of 2022, it is 31st busiest airport in India for passengers handled and 11th busiest for total international aircraft movement. It is the third busiest airport within Tamil Nadu in terms of total passenger traffic, after Chennai and Coimbatore.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The airport handled by Airports Authority of India is served by two Indian and four foreign carriers providing direct connectivity to five domestic and nine international destinations. The airport is ISO 9001:2008 quality certified and was declared as an international airport in October 2012.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The first known history of commercial flight landing at the airport dates back to 23 December 1936 when TATA Sons, Ltd. operated an Indo-Cylone special airmail service between Madras and Colombo via Trichinopoly carrying Christmas mails connecting their regular airmail service between Karachi and Madras via Bhuj, Ahmedabad, Bombay, Hyderabad. The Special "Goodwill Flight" was operated by Miles M4A Merlin aircraft registered as VT-AHC and piloted by H. D. Barucha, the return flight to Madras via Trichinopoly occurred the next day. This flight was a precursor for the extension of their regular Karachi-Madras Airmail service until Colombo via Trichinopoly, which began operations on 28 February 1938. There are evidences of Weekly Air Mail service in operation on the Bombay-Goa-Cannore-Trivandrum-Tirchinopoly route during early 1937 which later made connection to the Karachi-Colombo Air Mail service at Trichinopoly.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: During World War II, RAF Station Kajamalai was established at the airfield and used by the British Royal Air Force. The base started operating during May 1942 and until the beginning of 1944 the base was primarily used for repair and maintenance of warplanes which on landing were taken to a workshop at Ponmalai 2 km away. The airfield gained prominence during 1944 when planes were brought for calibration and other training activities also ferry flights started using the airfield. During second half of 1944, three squadrons were operating out of the airfield. At the end of war the airfield served as Staging Post and Personnel Transit Centre due to its prominent location.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: When Ceylon government asked permission to operate flights between Colombo and Trichinopoly in 1947, Indian government improved the aerodrome for full functioning and allowed flight operations to Colombo in 1948. On 3 December 1948, Air Ceylon inaugurated a regular weekly commercial service between Colombo and Karachi, using a Dakota flight via Tiruchirappalli and Bombay. During 1950, Air Ceylon operated dedicated daily flights from Colombo to Tiruchirappalli via Jaffna. During 1952, Air India operated daily flights on Bombay-Madras-Tiruchirappalli-Colombo route, which was later transferred to Indian airlines operated on Madras-Tiruchirappalli-Colombo route.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Beginning in the late 1950s, Tiruchirappalli was connected by domestic service with Madras, Madurai, Cochin and Trivandrum by Indian Airlines at different routings during different periods of time. During the 1990s, Indian Airlines started connecting Trichy with Middle Eastern cities like Kuwait and Sharjah. During the 2000s, it also connected Trichy with Ras-Al-Khaimah and Fujairah. Indian Airlines operated up until it was merged with Air India. Starting from late 2000, Trichy was connected with South East Asian destinations like Kuala Lumpur and Singapore by foreign airlines. Air India Express also started connecting Trichy with both Middle East and South East Asian destinations.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The airport was categorised as a customs airport until 4 October 2012, when it was given international status by the Ministry of Civil Aviation.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The airport has two adjacent terminals. The original passenger terminal has been converted into an international cargo complex housing the control tower and technical block, when a modern integrated passenger terminal was built by 2009, which is currently being used for both international and domestic air traffic.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The active integrated passenger terminal built at cost of was inaugurated on 21 February 2009 and started operations from 1 June 2009. The two-story terminal has a floor area of with handling capacity of 0.49 million passengers per annum and peak hour capacity of 470 passengers. Some of the features of the current active terminal include:


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The integrated terminal has two lounges, VIP lounge managed by AAI and commercial important persons (CIP) lounge also managed by AAI.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The old terminal was converted into an international cargo complex at a cost of ₹ 10 million. The cargo complex was commissioned for operations on 21 November 2011. The export wing occupies and for the import wing. The Central Board of Excise and Customs had earlier approved and notified the airport as an air cargo complex. The one-time holding capacity of the cargo terminal is 250 metric tonnes The airport is the gateway for foreign export, as there is no easy way for export from the central region of Tamil Nadu.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: On 12 July 2013, the Ministry of Finance has notified the airport for international courier cargo movement. But the facilities for the same are yet to be set up by AAI.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: On 11 October 2013, a five-metric ton capacity cold storage facility was inaugurated at the cargo section. This facility will be helpful during flight delay, flight cancellation, advance booking and holiday bookings of cargo.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: On 21 April 2017, a dedicated import cargo facility has been created on at a cost of to encourage more imports through the airport. At present, the imports are very minimal as compared with the exports.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: On 1 July 2017, EDI facility has been introduced at the cargo terminal. With this facility, speedy and electronic clearance of freight is assured eliminating the manual process, making the export process more simple. This is expected to pave way for additional commodities being exported from the airport.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Airport's older runway 15/33 was closed as part of early development and now used as an alternate taxiway to the apron. The re-carpeting work on the active runway 09/27 has been completed during February 2020 to July 2021 after 10 years at a cost of .


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: In addition to the above apron in the active passenger terminal, a new apron with space to accommodate 11 aircraft has been created to serve the new terminal, under construction.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: There are four taxiways in the airport designated as A, B, C, and D. A Parallel taxiway and an Isolation bay to the active runway is under construction.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Currently, the Air Traffic Control is handled from the old terminal building. AAI along with the new terminal project has proposed to construct a new Technical Block cum Air Traffic Control Tower at the airport. The initial proposal was to construct a 42.5 meters tall tower, which is now under proposal to be increased to 75 meters height, and its finalised to be 46 meters tall including the top antenna. Tenders for the construction of new ATC tower and Technical Block has been floated at an cost of 92 crores in July 2022 and expected to be completed in 2 years time from the beginning of work.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Madras Flying Club started during 1929 in Madras Presidency of British India, operated previously in Chennai Airport premises had to shift their operations to Trichy Airport due to congestion and operational difficulties. The academy began its operations at Trichy Airport on 10 January 2020 where they have placed 6 training aircraft at the hangar, which previously been used by V.K.N Aviation Academy. They also have created three computer-aided smart classrooms facility in the airport. Tamil Nadu government has allocated of its land adjoining to the airport for the club to setup its operational Infrastructure.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Tiruchirappalli Airport has been undergoing expansion since 2004. The runway was extended from to , the apron expanded to hold seven aircraft, the fire station upgraded, a new taxiway and the current integrated passenger terminal were constructed.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The Phase II expansion on by AAI includes extending the runway to , construction of a modern, new Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower, an additional building complex and other works. The Government of Tamil Nadu has agreed to provide land free to AAI for the expansion.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The airport is one of the non-metro airports selected for city side development on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Due to the consistent increase in the air traffic, the current integrated passenger terminal building with a total floor area of to handle 470 peak-hour passengers has become insufficient. Initially, it was planned to expand the existing integrated terminal by 180 meters on both sides, by constructing an additional area to increase the passenger handling capacity to 1,075 peak-hour passengers, but later, the Ministry of Civil Aviation initiated the construction of a new two-level passenger terminal at a cost of .


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The new terminal building will have an area of , with a capacity to handle 3.43 million passengers per year and with a peak-hour handling capacity of 2,200 international and 500 domestic passengers. It will be constructed as per Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) Four Star standards. The terminal is being constructed on the existing airport land available on the south side, for which a new four-lane elevated access road is being created from the National Highway 336 passing beside the airport. AAI has engaged a French company, EGIS, in partnership with the English architectural firm Pascall+Watson, as the project managers has completed the design and plan for construction by March 2018. The tender for construction has been awarded to ITD Cementation India Pvt. Ltd. by August 2018, the construction works were expected to begin by November 2018 and finish by September 2021. But due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which faced delays in work, the terminal is now expected to be completed by April 2023.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the new integrated passenger terminal at the airport, through video conferencing from Tiruppur on 10 February 2019.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The current runway at the airport is one of the shortest runways among all the international airports in India. The original runway was planned to be expanded in two phases. Phase 1 is completed, and as part of the Phase 2 expansion, the runway is planned to be extended to initially from the existing , and later to . AAI has sought land to the Government of Tamil Nadu and once land sought for the expansion is available, the extension would take place. The district administration has expressed its willingness to pay the market price for the land to be acquired. But the extension of the runway is pending for a long time due to delays in acquiring land.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: The AAI has sought around of land for the current expansion. Of the total about are dry land, wetland, defense land, wasteland and is with Hindu Religious and Charitable Trust. To facilitate fast process on the airport expansion, a joint technical advisory committee involving the departments of agriculture, public works department and revenue had been formed during 2012, which is chaired by Member of Tiruchirapalli Parliamentary Constituency. Until 2019, P. Kumar chaired the meetings and currently its being chaired by Su. Thirunavukkarasar. The district administration has formed a special team comprising the airport director, revenue divisional officer, joint director of agriculture, officials of Public Works Department, and other agencies concerned to expedite the land acquisition process.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: In the joint advisory committee meeting on 17 June 2017, it was announced that the Government of Tamil Nadu has given administrative sanction for acquisition of land required for the proposed expansion of the runway. The state government has provided administrative sanction to acquire nearly in May 2017, including dry and wet lands, besides of government land. It has been decided to form a team to work on the exercise of land acquisition and payment of compensation. During December 2017, the Deputy Director General of Defence Estates has provided in principle approval for providing of land to the AAI, in lieu of land of “equal value” from the state government. The District Administration is also in process of acquiring residential buildings. With this, the airport expansion has gained momentum.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: AAI has gone for the extension of the existing apron with the construction of a third aerobridge and ramp equipment area measuring 2,800 sq. m. at an estimated cost of , which has become active in January 2019. Ministry of Civil Aviation initiated plan to expand the apron to provide two more aircraft bays, increasing the bay count to nine. Work on additional bays was started in February 2020 at an estimated cost of .


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: In addition to this, as part of the construction of the new terminal, an additional apron is being constructed of 15,580 sq.m size for parking up to 11 code C aircraft type, along with an isolation bay and GSE area including taxi tracks, which was tendered in November 2017 and work was started in August 2018.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: Located on the Pudukottai-Trichy National Highway 336 the airport is well connected with frequent City buses to the major bus and railway terminals of the city like Central Bus Stand, Chatram Bus Stand, Srirangam and Trichy Junction. In addition to this exclusive buses were introduced to originate inside the airport premise destined to Thanjavur, Central Bus Stand and Karur.


title: Tiruchirappalli International Airport

text: In 2012, a request was made to name the airport after Sir C. V. Raman, a Nobel laureate from the city. After the death of the former President of India A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, there have been requests made to rename the airport as "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam International Airport".


title: Vieta's formulas

text: In mathematics, Vieta's formulas relate the coefficients of a polynomial to sums and products of its roots. They are named after François Viète (more commonly referred to by the Latinised form of his name, "Franciscus Vieta").


title: Vieta's formulas

text: (with the coefficients being real or complex numbers and ) has (not necessarily distinct) complex roots by the fundamental theorem of algebra. Vieta's formulas relate the polynomial's coefficients to signed sums of products of the roots as follows:


title: Vieta's formulas

text: for (the indices are sorted in increasing order to ensure each product of roots is used exactly once).


title: Vieta's formulas

text: Vieta's formulas are frequently used with polynomials with coefficients in any integral domain . Then, the quotients formula_4 belong to the field of fractions of (and possibly are in itself if formula_5 happens to be invertible in ) and the roots formula_6 are taken in an algebraically closed extension. Typically, is the ring of the integers, the field of fractions is the field of the rational numbers and the algebraically closed field is the field of the complex numbers.


title: Vieta's formulas

text: Vieta's formulas are then useful because they provide relations between the roots without having to compute them.


title: Vieta's formulas

text: For polynomials over a commutative ring that is not an integral domain, Vieta's formulas are only valid when formula_5 is not a zero-divisor and formula_8 factors as formula_9. For example, in the ring of the integers modulo 8, the quadratic polynomial formula_10 has four roots: 1, 3, 5, and 7. Vieta's formulas are not true if, say, formula_11 and formula_12, because formula_13. However, formula_8 does factor as formula_15 and also as formula_16, and Vieta's formulas hold if we set either formula_11 and formula_18 or formula_19 and formula_20.


title: Vieta's formulas

text: (which is true since formula_28 are all the roots of this polynomial), multiplying the factors on the right-hand side, and identifying the coefficients of each power of formula_29


title: Vieta's formulas

text: Formally, if one expands formula_30 the terms are precisely formula_31 where formula_32 is either 0 or 1, accordingly as whether formula_6 is included in the product or not, and "k" is the number of formula_6 that are included, so the total number of factors in the product is "n" (counting formula_35 with multiplicity "k") – as there are "n" binary choices (include formula_6 or "x"), there are formula_37 terms – geometrically, these can be understood as the vertices of a hypercube. Grouping these terms by degree yields the elementary symmetric polynomials in formula_6 – for "x," all distinct "k"-fold products of formula_39


title: Vieta's formulas

text: Comparing identical powers of formula_41, we find formula_42, formula_43 and formula_44, with which we can for example identify formula_45 and formula_46, which are Vieta's formula's for formula_47.


title: Vieta's formulas

text: As reflected in the name, the formulas were discovered by the 16th-century French mathematician François Viète, for the case of positive roots.


title: Vieta's formulas

text: In the opinion of the 18th-century British mathematician Charles Hutton, as quoted by Funkhouser, the general principle (not restricted to positive real roots) was first understood by the 17th-century French mathematician Albert Girard:


title: Vieta's formulas

text: ...[Girard was] the first person who understood the general doctrine of the formation of the coefficients of the powers from the sum of the roots and their products. He was the first who discovered the rules for summing the powers of the roots of any equation.


title: Time in South Korea

text: South Korea has one time zone, Korea Standard Time (), which is abbreviated KST. South Korea currently does not observe daylight saving time, but experimented with it during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.


title: Time in South Korea

text: In 1434, inventor Jang Yeong-sil developed Korea's first automatic water clock, which King Sejong adapted as Korea's standard timekeeper. It is likely that Koreans used water clocks to keep time prior to this invention, but no concrete records of them exist. In 1437, Jang Yeong-sil, with Jeong Cho, created a bowl-shaped sundial called the "angbu ilgu" (Hangul: 앙부일구), which King Sejong had placed in public so anyone could use it.


title: Time in South Korea

text: Geographically, the western parts of Korea, including the South Korean capital city, Seoul, are . In 1908, the Korean Empire adopted a standard time that was hours ahead of GMT, . In 1912, during the Japanese occupation of Korea, the Governor-General of Korea changed standard time to to align with Japan Standard Time. However, in 1954, the South Korean government under President Syngman Rhee reverted the standard time to . Then in 1961, under the military government of President Park Chung-hee, the standard time was changed back to once again.


title: Time in South Korea

text: In order to accommodate American television viewers, South Korea observed daylight saving time () when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics. The one-hour time change meant that many daytime events could be broadcast live from South Korea when it was prime time on the U.S. east coast.


title: Time in South Korea

text: North Korea also uses Korea Standard Time. From August 2015 to May 2018, North Korea changed its time zone to , a time zone known as Pyongyang Standard Time, but the change was reverted to promote Korean unity.


title: Time in South Korea

text: The IANA time zone database contains one zone for South Korea in the file zone.tab, named Asia/Seoul.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: The is a single-decker minibus produced by Toyota Motor Corporation. It was introduced in 1969, with the second generation introduced in 1982, followed by the third generation in 1993 and the fourth generation in late 2016. In Japan, the Coaster is sold exclusively at "Toyota Store" dealerships. Since 1996, the Toyota Coaster is also sold under the name Hino Liesse II.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: In Japan, the Coaster was formerly produced by Toyota Auto Body at its Yoshiwara plant. In December 2016, after the launching of a revised Coaster, production was transferred to the Honsha plant of a Toyota Auto Body subsidiary, Gifu Auto Body.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: A number of unlicensed clones of third generation Coasters have been (and are still) made in China, including Jiangnan Motors' JNQ5041/JNQ6601, Joylong Motors' HKL6700, Golden Dragon's XML6700 and Sunlong Bus' SLK6770.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: The Toyota Coaster was introduced in 1969 as a 17-passenger minibus using the same running gear as the Toyota Dyna of the time. Early models used the 2.0-litre Toyota R engine with a 4-speed manual transmission. With its engine rated at , a RU19 Coaster could attain a top speed of . Subsequent models used a variety of four and six-cylinder diesel and petrol engines, and an option of automatic transmission was later introduced. A smaller alternative was later introduced at "Toyopet Store" locations, based on the Toyota ToyoAce called the Toyota HiAce which had the ability to carry up to 10 passengers but complied with Japanese Government regulations concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: In August 1997, Toyota "Coaster Hybrid EV" minibus was launched, ahead of the Prius. The Coaster Hybrid, according to Toyota, became its first production hybrid vehicle. Production of the Coaster Hybrid continued until 2007.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: The LPG Coaster, fueled by liquefied petroleum gas, was developed specifically for the Hong Kong market and its air pollution problems.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: The Coaster is widely used in Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and Australia, but also in the developing world for minibus operators in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, the Caribbean, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, Panama, and Peru as public transportation. These buses are imported mainly from Asia and have the steering wheel moved to the left and the passenger door to the other side.


title: Toyota Coaster

text: The Coaster was introduced in February 1969 in 22 and 26-seat models using the Dyna's U platform. It had the 5R petrol engine and the 2J diesel engine and was sold with the model code of RU18 and JU18. All models had a 4-speed manual gearbox with column shift. Air conditioning was available as an option on the deluxe models.