title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: The "Law for the Protection of the Nation" stipulated that Jews fulfil their compulsory military service in the labour battalions and not the regular army. Forced labour battalions were instituted in Bulgaria in 1920 as a way of circumventing the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, which limited the size of the Bulgarian military and ended conscription into the regular military. The forced labour service ("trudova povinnost") set up by the government of Aleksandar Stamboliyski supplied cheap labour for government projects and employment for demobilised soldiers from the First World War. In the first decade of its existence, more than 150,000 Bulgarian subjects, "primarily minorities (particularly Muslims) and other poor segments of society" had been drafted to serve. In the 1930s, in the lead-up to the Second World War, the "trudova povinnost" were militarised: attached to the War Ministry in 1934, they were given military ranks in 1936. After the start of war, in 1940 "labour soldiers" ("trudovi vojski") were established as a separate corps "used to enforce anti-Jewish policies during World War Two" as part of an overall "deprivation" plan.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: In August 1941, at the request of Adolf-Heinz Beckerle - German Minister Plenipotentiary at Sofia - the War Ministry relinquished control of all Jewish forced labour to the Ministry of Buildings, Roads, and Public Works. Mandatory conscription applied from August 1941: initially men 20-44 were drafted, with the age limit rising to 45 in July 1942 and 50 a year later. Bulgarians replaced Jews in the commands of the Jewish labour units, which were no longer entitled to uniforms. On 29 January 1942, new all-Jewish forced labour battalions were announced; their number was doubled to twenty-four by the end of 1942. Jewish units were separated from the other ethnicities - three quarters of the forced labour battalions were from minorities: Turks, Russians, and residents of the territories occupied by Bulgaria - the rest were drawn from the Bulgarian unemployed. The Jews in forced labour were faced with discriminatory policies which became stricter as time went on; with increasing length of service and decreasing the allowance of food, rest, and days off. On 14 July 1942 a disciplinary unit was established to impose new punitive strictures: deprivation of mattresses or hot food, a "bread-and-water diet", and the barring of visitors for months at time. As the war progressed, and round-ups of Jews began in 1943, Jews made more numerous efforts to escape and punishments became increasingly harsh.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: In March 1943 Bulgarian troops and military police rounded up the Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Greek Macedonia and Vardar Macedonia in Yugoslavia - 7,122 from Macedonia and 4,221 from Thrace, and sent them to via transit concentration camps to the Bulgarian Danube port of Lom, where they were embarked and taken upriver to Vienna and thence to Treblinka; nearly all were killed. This was arranged by request of the German foreign ministry in spring 1942 to surrender all Jews under Bulgarian control to German custody, to which the Bulgarian government acceded, creating the "Jewish Affairs" commissariat under Belev to organize the genocide called for at the Wannsee Conference. By March 1943 Jewish Bulgarians were being concentrated at schools and train stations by the Bulgarian authorities within the country's pre-war borders. Subsequently, in spring 1943, protests led by parliamentarian Dimitar Peshev M.P. and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, concerned over the welfare of Jewish converts to Christianity as well as of a "national minority" generally, succeeded in first delaying, and then in May in finally preventing Belev's plan to meet the 20,000 figure by deporting some 8,000 Bulgarian Jews from Sofia, Kyustendil, and elsewhere to Nazi extermination camps in Poland, including all southwest Bulgaria's Jews; they were instead dispossessed of all their property, deported to the provinces, and the men aged 20–40 conscripted into forced labour, as were Jews from Stara Zagora and Kazanlak. On 21 May 1943 the Council of Ministers voted that Jews were to be expelled from Sofia to the countryside in three days' time. Belev ordered the expulsion on 24 May of Jews from the capital: 19,000 Sofia Jews were deported to specific rural areas and towns. Special trains were arranged and the Jews were assigned specific departures, separating family members. A maximum of 30 kg of property per person was allowed; the rest they were forced leave behind, to sell at "abusively low" prices, or which was otherwise pilfered or stolen. Bulgarian officials and neighbours benefited from the proceeds.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: In April 1943 Joachim von Ribbentrop enquired of King Boris why more Jews had not been sent for extermination by Bulgaria; the response came that Boris would deport “only a small number of Bolshevik‐communist elements from Old Bulgaria [Bulgaria's pre-1941 borders] because he needed the rest of the Jews for road construction.” In May 1943, Bulgaria imprisoned prominent Jewish leaders in the Somivit concentration camp, later that month and the following month more than 20,000 Jews were deported from Sofia and their property seized. In 1934, Sofia had had around 25,000 Jewish inhabitants, close to a tenth of the city's total population. The German foreign ministry understood that Bulgaria feared the Allies and hoped to avoid antagonizing them. Nonetheless, the ghettoization and curfew of Bulgaria's Jewish population was completed in 1943 and antisemitic racial laws were not repealed until 30 August 1944.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: On 8 September, Soviet forces crossed the Bulgarian-Romanian border and on the eve of 8 September garrison detachments, led by Zveno officers, overthrew the government after taking strategic points in Sofia and arresting government ministers. A new government of the Fatherland Front was appointed on 9 September with Kimon Georgiev as prime minister. War was declared on Germany and its allies at once and the divisions sent by the Axis Powers to invade Bulgaria were easily driven back.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: A pro-Axis Bulgarian government-in-exile was formed in Vienna, under Aleksandar Tsankov and while it was able to muster a 600-strong Bulgarian SS regiment of Bulgarian anti-communist volunteers already in Germany under a German commander, they had little success. Soviet POWs and interned Soviet citizens were released from Sveti Kirik DPODS detention camp when the Fatherland Front took power. POWs of the western Allies were repatriated by way of Turkey, and the POW camp at Shumen closed on 25 September 1944. The concentration camp for Bulgarian communists and Soviet-sympathisers at Stavroupoli () in Greece was closed as the Bulgarians withdrew from occupied territory.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: An armistice with the Allies was signed on the 28 October 1944 in Moscow. Signatories were George F. Kennan, Andrey Vyshinsky, and Sir Archibald Clark-Kerr represented by Marshal Fyodor Tolbukhin and Lieut. Gen James Gammell for the Allies and the United Nations Organization, and for the Bulgarians the Foreign Minister Petko Stainov, Finance Minister Petko Stoyanov, and Nikola Petkov and Dobri Terpeshev as ministers without portfolio.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: In Macedonia, the Bulgarian troops, surrounded by German forces, and betrayed by high-ranking military commanders, fought their way back to the old borders of Bulgaria. Unlike the Communist resistance, the right wing followers of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) saw the solution of the Macedonian Question in creating a pro-Bulgarian Independent Macedonian State. At this time the IMRO leader Ivan Mihailov arrived in German reoccupied Skopje, where the Germans hoped that he could form a Macedonian state on the base of former IMRO structures and Ohrana. Seeing that Germany had lost the war and to avoid further bloodshed, after two days he refused and set off. Under the leadership of a new Bulgarian pro-Communist government, three Bulgarian armies (some 455,000 strong in total) entered Yugoslavia in September 1944 and alongside Soviet and Yugoslav forces, moved to Niš and Skopje with the strategic task of blocking the German forces withdrawing from Greece. Southern and eastern Serbia and Macedonia were liberated within a month and the 130,000-strong Bulgarian First Army continued to Hungary, driving off the Germans and entering Austria in April 1945. Contact was established with the British Eighth Army in the town of Klagenfurt on 8 May 1945, the day the Nazi government in Germany capitulated. Then Gen. Vladimir Stoychev signed a demarcation agreement with British V Corps commander Charles Keightley.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: As a consequence of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded Bulgaria and a Communist regime was installed in 1946 with Georgi Dimitrov at the helm. The monarchy was abolished in 1946 and the tsar sent into exile. The People's Republic of Bulgaria was established, lasting until 1990. The Red Army remained in occupation of Bulgaria until 1947. Bulgaria later joined the Warsaw Pact in 1954 and 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: Though the Bulgarian armistice with the Soviet Union had surrendered all territory occupied and claimed by Bulgaria in Greek and Yugoslavian Macedonia and Thrace, the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947 confirmed the incorporation of Southern Dobruja into Bulgaria during the War, thus making Bulgaria, apart from Croatia the only Axis country that increased its pre-war territory. The occupied parts of the Aegean region and Vardar Macedonia remaining within the borders of Bulgaria were returned, with 150,000 Bulgarians being expelled from Western Thrace.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: Subsequent to their ordeal during the war, most of Bulgaria's remaining Jews, some 50,000 in September 1944 emigrated. About 35,000 left for Palestine during the British Mandate and the great majority of the remainder departed to the post-1948 State of Israel; by the first years of the 1950s some 45,000 Bulgarian Jews had left the post-war communist state.


title: Bulgaria during World War II

text: By the end of the war, Bulgaria managed to mobilize about 450,000 men. Military equipment was mostly of German origin. By 1945, Bulgaria had also received stocks of Soviet weaponry, mostly small arms.


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: Anna Sergeyevna "Anne" Vyalitsyna (; born 19 March 1986), also known as Anne V, is a Russian-American model best known for her 10-consecutive-year appearances (2005–2014) in the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue".


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: Vyalitsyna was born in the Russian city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod). Both of her parents are physicians. Her father is a sports doctor for an association football team and her mother is a pediatrician. Vyalitsyna started her professional modeling career at the age of 15 after IMG Models scouted saw her in Saint Petersburg while looking for new faces for MTV's "Fashionably Loud Europe". She entered the contest and moved to New York after winning a contest sponsored by IMG and MTV. She became an American citizen on 16 November 2013.


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: Within six months after winning the contest, Vyalitsyna worked for Anna Molinari, Chloé and Sportmax. She has appeared on the covers of "Vogue", "ELLE", and "Glamour". She made her debut in the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue" in 2005 and has appeared in it each year until 2014. She was the object/subject of Joanne Gair body painting works in the 2005 edition.


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: She had an uncredited cameo in the fifth installment of the "Die Hard" film franchise, "A Good Day to Die Hard".


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: In 2016, she walked for Versace SS 2017 fashion show along with Carmen Kass, Bette Franke, Adriana Lima, Naomi Campbell, Caroline Trentini, and Mariacarla Boscono.


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: In 2009, Vyalitsyna completed the ING New York City Marathon. She volunteered to guide a disabled athlete through the race for Achilles International and tweeted about the race in real-time.


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: In 2011, Vyalitsyna dated Adam Levine, the lead singer of Maroon 5, and they appeared together on the November 2011 cover of "Vogue" Russia. She also appeared in the Maroon 5 music videos for Misery and Never Gonna Leave This Bed. The couple broke up in April 2012. After she and Levine ended their relationship, she dated baseball player Matt Harvey for eight months from 2013 to 2014.


title: Anne Vyalitsyna

text: On 19 March 2015, Vyalitsyna announced that she was pregnant with her first child by boyfriend Adam Cahan. They welcomed daughter Alaska on 25 June 2015, stating that this name was chosen because Alaska is "where the U.S. and Russia meet". On 5 June 2016, Vyalitsyna and Cahan got engaged, but had separated by 2018.


title: Leggings

text: Leggings are several types of leg attire that have varied through the years. Modern usage from the 1960s onwards has come to refer to elastic close-fitting high-rise garments worn over the legs typically by women, such as leg warmers or tights. Usage from the 18th century refers to men's wear, usually made of cloth or leather that is wrapped around the leg down to the ankle. In the 19th century, leggings usually referred to infants' leg clothing that were matched with a jacket, as well as leg-wrappings made of leather or wool and worn by soldiers and trappers. Leggings prominently returned to women's fashion in the 1960s, drawing from the form-fitting clothing of dancers. With the widespread adoption of the synthetic fibre Lycra and the rise in popularity of aerobics, leggings came to further prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and eventually made their way into streetwear. Leggings are a part of the late 2010s into the 2020s athleisure fashion trend of wearing activewear outside sporting activities and in casual settings.


title: Leggings

text: Leggings in various forms and under various names have been worn for warmth and protection by both men and women throughout the centuries. The separate hose worn by men in Europe from the 13th to 16th centuries (the Renaissance period) were a form of leggings, as are the trews of the Scottish Highlands. Separate leggings of buckskin leather were worn by some Native Americans. These were adopted by some Long Hunters, French fur trappers, and later by mountain men. They are the "leatherstockings" of James Fenimore Cooper's "Leatherstocking Tales". The Buckskins were mostly a dull grey brain-tan, not the bright, glossy vegetable tanned leather commonly used today.


title: Leggings

text: Cowboys wore leggings of buckskin to protect from chapping caused by riding, wear and tear to their pants, and bites from animals, such as snakes or insects in the scrub, such as ticks.


title: Leggings

text: In many places, especially in colder countries such as Russia and Korea, men and women continued to wear wool leggings into modern times, often as an additional outer layer for warmth.


title: Leggings

text: The linen pantalettes worn by girls and women under crinolines in the mid-19th century were also a form of leggings, and were originally two separate garments. Leggings became a part of fashion in the 1960s, as trousers similar to capri pants but tighter.


title: Leggings

text: Since the late 19th century, soldiers of various nations, especially infantry, often wore leggings to protect their lower leg, to keep dirt, sand, and mud from entering their shoes, and to provide a measure of ankle support. At first, these were usually "puttees"—strips of thick woolen cloth resembling a large bandage—which were wrapped around the leg to support the ankle. They were usually held in place by a strap attached to the cloth. Later, puttees were replaced by some armies with canvas leggings fastened with buckles or buttons, usually secured at the bottom with an adjustable stirrup that passed under the sole of the shoe, just in front of the heel. The soldier placed the leggings around his calf with the buttoned side facing out and adjusted them and the strap to achieve a proper fit. Leggings typically extended to mid-calf and had a garter strap to hold them up and were secured with a tie just below the knee. Military leggings extended to the bottom of the knee and buttoned to the bottom button on the knee-breeches. They are sometimes confused with gaiters, which extend to the high ankle and are worn with full leg trousers.


title: Leggings

text: During World War II, United States Army foot soldiers were referred to as "legs" by paratroopers and other U.S. forces that did not wear the standard Army leggings issued with the field service shoe. Late in World War II, after experiments with general issue of high-top combat boots and jump boots for soldiers, leggings began to disappear from military service. In 1943, the United States Army modified their field service shoe by adding a taller leather upper that reached to the lower calf; secured by a combination of laces and buckles, the new design was designated the Type III Field Boot. However, the United States Marine Corps retained canvas leggings throughout the war, and used them in combat as late as the Korean War; Marines were referred to as "Yellow Leg" troops by North Korean and Chinese Communist forces.


title: Leggings

text: By the 1960s, the old style of field shoe had given way to combat boots in most military forces, and leggings of any kind were obsolete. Leggings, usually bright white and often made of patent leather or buff are now worn primarily for ceremonial purposes.


title: Leggings

text: Leggings in the form of skin-tight trousers, a tighter version of the capris ending at mid-calf or near ankle length, made their way into women's fashion in the 1960s, and were worn with a large belt or waistband and slip-on high heels or ballet flat–styled shoes.


title: Leggings

text: Leggings made from a nylon-lycra blend (usually 90% nylon, 10% lycra) have long been worn during exercise. Nylon lycra leggings are often referred to as bicycle or running tights, and are shinier in appearance than those made from cotton. Some have racing stripes or reflective patterns to further distinguish them as athletic wear and provide extra safety. However, since the 1980s exercise-style leggings have also been worn for fashion and as street wear.


title: Leggings

text: Leggings made from cotton-lycra, or a cotton-polyester-lycra combination, are more typically worn for fashion, but are also worn as exercise wear. Cotton-lycra leggings are available in many colors, prints and designs; but black, navy and various shades of gray remain the most commonly worn.


title: Leggings

text: Wearing black leggings under long, often diaphanous, skirts was part of a general fashion trend of wearing gym or dance clothes as street wear that evolved along with the fitness craze and under the influence of the movie "Flashdance" and the long-running Broadway show "A Chorus Line". A more recent trend has been the wearing of black leggings with miniskirts.


title: Leggings

text: By the early-1990s, leggings were actually outselling jeans in many parts of the United States. It was very common to see leggings worn with long oversized tee-shirts, oversized sweatshirts or oversized sweaters, slouch socks and Keds by girls from toddler to over college age. Fashion turned against leggings for a short time in the late 1990s and early 2000s.


title: Leggings

text: In 2005, leggings made a "comeback" into fashion, particularly in indie culture, with capri-length leggings being worn with miniskirts and dresses. Consequently, leggings are also now popular to wear with oversized, long sweaters, denim miniskirts, plaid skirts, short dresses and short shorts. Leggings are also worn under athletic shorts i.e. Nike Tempo shorts especially in colder weather. Leggings also come in capri length and bike short length. The bike short length is popular under sports uniform shorts and under skirts and dresses as a fashionable item and to keep from showing too much.


title: Leggings

text: At the Marni Men's show during the Fall 2007 Fashion Week, outfits with leggings designed solely for men were introduced.


title: Leggings

text: Men's leggings, dubbed "meggings" (a portmanteau of the words "men" and "leggings") were presented as the latest fashion trend for men at spring/summer 2011 fashion runways, supposed to be styled and layered beneath shorts and preferably with large, baggy, loose or long tops such as T-shirts.


title: Leggings

text: Shiny leggings, sometimes called leather-look leggings, have a shiny, metallic (lamé), or wet-like appearance. They emerged as a popular fashion trend in the late-2000s (decade), particularly in 2008 as reported by Stylesignal and other trend forecasters. These leggings are most often a blend of nylon and spandex and come in a variety of colors, although most commonly in black, silver, or gold. These types of leggings are notable for their leather, or even latex appearance and are most often worn as evening or clubwear.


title: Leggings

text: Shiny leggings were featured on fashion runways by many leading designers and were further popularized by celebrities such as Lauren Conrad, Kelly Clarkson and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Popular makers of shiny leggings include Members Only and American Apparel.


title: Leggings

text: "Jeggings", a registered brand name of Sanko Group, are leggings made to look like skin-tight denim jeans. Jeggings were brought on by the resurgence in style of skinny jeans in the late 2000s, when a higher demand for an even tighter style of pants came about. In 2011 "Jeggings" was entered into the twelfth edition of "Concise Oxford English Dictionary".


title: Leggings

text: Leggings are sometimes worn during sports and other vigorous activities. Runners, dancers, and exercisers may wear them alone or with athletic shorts over them—particularly in cold weather under a sports uniform, e.g. in soccer, with soccer shorts, shin guards and soccer socks over the leggings, or under a cheerleading uniform with socks over the leggings. Leggings have even been worn by a hurling full back.


title: Leggings

text: Leggings have become a part of many school uniforms. Many schools that have uniform requirements allow leggings as an option in cooler and colder weather as long as the required skirt or dress and required socks are worn over them.


title: Leggings

text: There has been societal debate about whether leggings are clothing on their own, which can be worn without covering, or are an accessory only to be worn with other items covering them, such as skirts, dresses or shorts. In a 2016 poll of its readers "Glamour" magazine said that 61% of its readers thought that leggings should only be worn as an accessory, whereas an article that same year from "Good Housekeeping" concluded that "...Leggings do, in fact, count as pants—provided they are opaque enough that they don't show your underwear."


title: Leggings

text: There have been a number of instances of people wearing leggings as pants who have been restricted or criticized for their actions. In 2013, schools in Sonoma County, California, banned students from wearing them as outerwear, as did a Massachusetts school in 2015. Schools in Oklahoma, Illinois, and North Carolina have enforced or suggested similar dress codes. A state legislator in Montana introduced a bill in 2015 intended to ban leggings and yoga pants.


title: Leggings

text: In March 2017, three children flying on a company pass were barred from boarding a United Airlines flight by a gate agent who decided that their leggings were inappropriate. United Airlines defended its position, while rival airline Delta stated via Twitter that leggings were welcome on its flights; United said in a statement that it does not bar regular female passengers from boarding if they are wearing leggings. Although some public figures, including actress Patricia Arquette and model and actress Chrissy Teigen, were critical of United's decision, a survey encompassing 1,800 travelers carried out by Airfarewatchdog found that 80% of their respondents backed the airline's decision to ban "inappropriate clothing", although the term was not defined in the poll.


title: Leggings

text: Restrictions on wearing leggings is sometimes linked to slut shaming or body shaming, with critics noting that "...not being able to wear leggings because it's 'too distracting for boys' is giving us the impression we should be guilty for what guys do."


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: The 2020 FA Cup Final, known officially as the Heads Up FA Cup Final, was an association football match played behind closed doors between Arsenal and Chelsea at Wembley Stadium in London, England on 1 August 2020; it was originally scheduled for 23 May, but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the 139th FA Cup Final.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: The match was officially named the "Heads Up FA Cup Final" by the FA as part of a campaign around mental health awareness promoted by the FA president, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and was refereed by Anthony Taylor. Arsenal won the match 2–1 and received the trophy on the pitch, instead of by climbing steps to the Royal Box for the presentation, as in previous seasons. Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang was named man of the match. This was Arsenal's 14th record-extending FA Cup and latest trophy win overall. As winners, Arsenal entered the group stage of the UEFA Europa League and played Liverpool in the FA Community Shield, which they won through a penalty shoot-out.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: The match was broadcast live in the United Kingdom by both BT Sport and the BBC, with the latter's coverage watched by 8.2 million viewers, making it the season's most-watched football match in the UK.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Arsenal, as a Premier League club, started their 2019–20 FA Cup campaign in the third round at their home ground, the Emirates Stadium, against EFL Championship side Leeds United. After a goalless first half that Leeds dominated with 15 shots, including a Patrick Bamford strike that hit the crossbar, Arsenal took the lead in the 55th minute when Reiss Nelson scored from a deflected Alexandre Lacazette shot. Arsenal hit the Leeds crossbar from a Lacazette free kick and the match ended 1–0 to the home side. In the fourth round, Arsenal played Premier League side Bournemouth away at Dean Court. Arsenal took an early lead when Bukayo Saka struck the ball past Bournemouth goalkeeper Mark Travers in the fifth minute. Eddie Nketiah doubled the lead in the 21 minutes later and although Sam Surridge scored in second-half stoppage time for Bournemouth, Arsenal won 2–1. In the next round, Arsenal were drawn away to League One side Portsmouth who went into the game at Fratton Park on a ten-match winning streak. The first half remained goalless until four minutes into stoppage time when Sokratis scored with a volley from a cross from Nelson. Six minutes into the second half, Nketiah scored a close-range goal from Nelson's cross; the game ended 2–0 to Arsenal.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: In the quarter-finals, Arsenal faced fellow Premier League side Sheffield United away at Bramall Lane. In the 25th minute, Lacazette was fouled by Chris Basham in Sheffield United's penalty area; Nicolas Pépé converted the subsequent penalty kick. David McGoldrick equalised three minutes before the end of regular time, striking the ball into Arsenal's net following a long throw-in. One minute into stoppage time, Dani Ceballos gathered a loose ball in Sheffield United's box and struck a low shot beneath Dean Henderson to give Arsenal a 2–1 victory. In their semi-final, played at Wembley Stadium in London (a neutral venue), Arsenal played Premier League side Manchester City, the FA Cup holders. Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang put Arsenal ahead in the 19th minute when he scored from Pépé's cross with the outside of his foot. He then scored another in the 71st minute to secure a 2–0 victory and progression to the FA Cup final.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Chelsea started their FA Cup run in the third round with a home game at Stamford Bridge against Championship side Nottingham Forest. Callum Hudson-Odoi scored after six minutes to give Chelsea the lead. Ross Barkley then struck from close range in the 33rd minute after another Hudson-Odoi shot was saved. The second half was goalless and Chelsea won the match 2–0. In the fourth round, they were drawn against another Championship side, Hull City, this time away at the KCOM Stadium. Michy Batshuayi put the visitors ahead with a shot which deflected off Ryan Tafazolli past Hull City goalkeeper George Long. Fikayo Tomori scored with a header from a Barkley free kick, making it 2–0. With 12 minutes remaining, Kamil Grosicki scored for Hull City with a deflected free kick but Chelsea progressed with a 2–1 win. Chelsea faced fifth-round opponents Liverpool, a Premier League club, at home. Willian put the home side ahead after 13 minutes, when Liverpool goalkeeper Adrián failed to gather his initial shot. Midway through the second half, Barkley scored following a solo run, giving Chelsea a 2–0 win.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: In the quarter-finals, Chelsea were drawn away against Premier League side Leicester City at the King Power Stadium. After a goalless first half dominated by the home team, second-half substitute Barkley scored from Willian's cross to secure a 1–0 Chelsea victory. Chelsea's semi-final with Premier League side Manchester United took place at Wembley Stadium; the sides were meeting in the FA Cup for the fourth consecutive season. Olivier Giroud gave Chelsea the lead 11 minutes into first-half stoppage time after a mistake from Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea. A minute after half time, Mason Mount made it 2–0 when De Gea fumbled Mount's shot from . Harry Maguire scored an own goal in the 74th minute when he deflected a cross from Marcos Alonso. With five minutes remaining, Manchester United's Anthony Martial was fouled by Hudson-Odoi in Chelsea's penalty area; Bruno Fernandes scored the penalty. Chelsea won 3–1 and progressed to the final.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: The two finalists share a London derby rivalry, with the sides having faced each other more than 200 times since their inaugural match in November 1907. The final, the 21st FA Cup match between the sides, was a repeat of the 2002 and 2017 FA Cup finals, both of which Arsenal had won. It was also a repeat of the previous year's UEFA Europa League final, which Chelsea won. While playing for the clubs they now managed, Mikel Arteta of Arsenal had won two FA Cups; Frank Lampard, Chelsea's manager, had won four. The 2020 FA Cup Final was the 139th final of the competition overall.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: This was Chelsea's 15th FA Cup final, their last appearance being in 2018 where the secured a 1–0 win over Manchester United, and Arsenal's 21st, their most recent being a 2–1 victory over Chelsea in 2017. Before the 2020 final, Arsenal's held the record for most FA Cup wins with 13. In the two matches between the clubs during the 2019–20 Premier League, Chelsea won 2–1 at the Emirates Stadium in December 2019 while the game at Stamford Bridge the following month ended in a 2–2 draw. The Premier League season ended with Chelsea in fourth position and Arsenal eighth, ten points behind. Arsenal's final league position meant that winning the FA Cup was the club's only means of qualifying for European football the following season. Both sides had lost in the EFL Cup's fourth round; Arsenal lost away to Liverpool in a penalty shoot-out after their match at Anfield ended 5–5, while Chelsea lost 2–1 at home to Manchester United.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Originally scheduled for 23 May, the final was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom and was played on 1 August 2020 behind closed doors at Wembley Stadium. The referee was Anthony Taylor, representing the Cheshire Football Association. Having refereed 2017's final, he became the first person since Arthur Kingscott in 1901 to referee two finals. Ordinarily referees would only officiate one FA Cup final, but with the 2020 final taking place without supporters in the stadium, the FA appointed Taylor for a second time. David Elleray, the FA Referees' Committee chairman, said "a significant part of the Cup Final appointment is the opportunity to share this – the English refereeing pinnacle – with partners, family, friends and those who have been an important part of their long journey to the Final... Sadly, this year's Final will be very different and will be held without all these elements in an empty stadium. With this in mind, the Committee decided it would be unfair to appoint someone who has not yet done the Final and have, instead, appointed Anthony Taylor to his second FA Cup Final." Taylor was assisted by Gary Beswick and Adam Nunn. Chris Kavanagh was the fourth official and Lee Betts was the reserve assistant referee. Stuart Attwell was the video assistant referee (VAR).


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Chelsea's starting lineup was unchanged from their previous match, a league game against Wolverhampton Wanderers. Arsenal made one change to the side which started at their previous game, against Watford in the Premier League, Héctor Bellerín replacing Joe Willock. Both sides adopted a 3–4–3 formation and Aubameyang captained Arsenal while César Azpilicueta was Chelsea's captain.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: The 2020 FA Cup Final was officially named the "Heads Up FA Cup Final" by the Football Association as part of a campaign around mental health awareness promoted by The FA president, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Before the match, a recording of Emeli Sandé singing the traditional hymn "Abide with Me" was broadcast from Wembley's roof, and within the stadium the British Youth Opera, accompanied by the Massed Bands of the Household Division, performed the English national anthem "God Save the Queen".


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: The match kicked off at 5:30p.m. and the first chance to score fell to Arsenal: in the third minute, Ainsley Maitland-Niles played in a cross which Aubameyang headed wide. A minute later, Mount struck a shot from around which Emiliano Martínez, the Arsenal goalkeeper, dived to push away. In the fifth minute, Chelsea took the lead through Christian Pulisic. From a midfield position, he passed the ball to Mount, who took it into Arsenal's penalty area. Mount passed to Giroud; he passed back to Pulisic who scored from close range, becoming the first player from the United States to score in an FA Cup final. Three minutes later, Pépé had a shot from distance saved by Chelsea goalkeeper Willy Caballero. Pulisic then evaded Rob Holding before striking a shot which was saved by Martínez. Mateo Kovačić became the game's first player to be shown a yellow card when, in the 13th minute, he fouled Granit Xhaka. Ceballos then struck a free kick too high before the match was paused for a drinks interval.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Two minutes after the restart, Pépé's strike from around flew into the top corner of Chelsea's net but the goal was disallowed as Aubameyang was offside during the build-up. In the 28th minute, Azpilicueta brought Aubameyang down as he ran in on Chelsea's goal. The Chelsea player was booked and Arsenal were awarded a penalty, which Aubameyang took, beating Caballero who dived in the wrong direction, making the score 1–1. Azpilicueta then went down with a leg injury and was replaced by Andreas Christensen in the game's first substitution. With eight minutes remaining in the first half, Mount crossed the ball from the left to Jorginho but his shot was well over Arsenal's crossbar as Alonso inadvertently got in his way. Following Christensen tripping Pépé in the 44th minute, Arsenal's players appealed for a penalty, but it was deemed to have occurred outside the penalty area. Lacazette struck the resulting free kick wide of Chelsea's goal. The half ended 1–1.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Neither side made any substitutions during the interval. Straight from the kick-off, Pulisic dribbled past Arsenal's defence but his shot went wide. It was his final contribution as he suffered a hamstring injury and was replaced by Pedro. Chelsea dominated the second half's early stages and in the 62nd minute Pedro passed to Reece James, but James's shot was off-target. Three minutes later, Mount went clear down the left wing and crossed but none of his teammates were in a position to convert the opportunity. Midway through the second half, Arsenal took the lead. Bellerin ran through the middle with the ball but was tackled by Christensen. Pépé collected the loose ball and passed to Aubameyang on the left side of Chelsea's penalty area. Aubameyang ran past Chelsea defender Kurt Zouma before lifting the ball over Caballero to make it 2–1 in the 67th minute. The second-half drinks break was then taken.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: In the 73rd minute, Chelsea were reduced to 10 men when Kovačić was sent off after fouling Xhaka and being shown a second yellow card. With 12 minutes remaining, Chelsea made a triple-substitution: Barkley, Hudson-Odoi and Tammy Abraham came on for Mount, Antonio Rüdiger and Giroud. Two minutes later, Arsenal sent on Nketiah to replace Lacazette, before David Luiz withdrew with a leg injury and Sokratis replaced him. With a minute of regular time remaining, Barkley was booked and the match went into seven minutes of stoppage time. A corner from Pedro was gathered by Martinez before Pedro was attended to by medical staff for an injured shoulder. After several minutes of attention, he left the pitch on a stretcher. After 14 minutes of stoppage time, the game was brought to an end. Arsenal won 2–1, claiming a record 14th FA Cup.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: As part of precautions against COVID-19, Arsenal received the trophy on the pitch and not, as in previous seasons, by climbing steps to the Royal Box for the presentation. Whilst carrying the trophy to his team before its formal lifting, Aubameyang dropped the cup and the base. Aubameyang was named man of the match. The game was broadcast live in the United Kingdom on BT Sport and BBC, with BBC's coverage watched by 8.2 million viewers, making it the season's most watched football match in the UK.


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Arteta noted his side had made a slow start but their subsequent performance was impressive: "It was a difficult start when we conceded so early... We played probably the best 30 minutes after since I arrived. I am so proud to represent these players and this club." His counterpart Lampard agreed Chelsea had started strongly but then "got complacent, we took time on the ball like it was a stroll and we allowed them into the game."


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: Former England and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer suggested Arsenal were worthy winners and "showed great character after going behind", though noted that "Pulisic going off injured helped them." Ashley Cole, who had played for both Arsenal and Chelsea, agreed, saying "Arsenal did deserve it. Mikel Arteta has done a great job." Ex-Arsenal forward Ian Wright suggested Chelsea had been unlucky: "Chelsea were unfortunate with those injuries and they had some decisions which were very unfair on them."


title: 2020 FA Cup Final

text: As winners, Arsenal entered the UEFA Europa League group stage and also qualified to play Liverpool in the FA Community Shield at the end of the month, winning the latter 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in 120 minutes of regulation-extended time.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: Alexander O'Neal (born November 15, 1953) is an American R&B singer, songwriter and arranger from Natchez, Mississippi.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: O'Neal came to prominence in the mid-1980s as a solo artist, with eleven Top 40 singles on the US R&B chart, three of which also reached the Top 40 of the "Billboard" Hot 100. However, he enjoyed more mainstream success in the United Kingdom, achieving fourteen Top 40 singles on the UK Singles Chart between 1985 and 1996, along with three top ten albums on the UK Albums Chart.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: His solo singles, sometimes dealing with lost love, include "If You Were Here Tonight", "Fake", "Criticize", "The Lovers", "(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me", "All True Man", "Love Makes No Sense" and "In the Middle". He is also known for duets with Tabu labelmate Cherrelle such as "Saturday Love" and "Never Knew Love Like This". AllMusic described O'Neal as having a "tough voice [that] has the same grain and range as that of Otis Redding."


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: Alexander O'Neal was born November 15, 1953, in Natchez, Mississippi, United States, just a few months after his father died. After graduating from high school in Natchez, he attended Alcorn State University. At the age of 20, he relocated to Minneapolis, where he performed with several bands including the Mystics and Wynd Chymes. He became a member of Enterprise for a brief period before joining Flyte Tyme, a band which included Monte Moir, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: O'Neal released his debut album, the eponymous "Alexander O'Neal", in 1985. Since then, he has released nine studio albums, six compilation albums and two live albums.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: According to Jimmy Jam, In 1980/1981 O'Neal (along with fellow members of the band Flyte Tyme) met with Prince and Morris Day at Perkins restaurant in Minneapolis to discuss forming a band that would be called The Time that would be signed to Prince under the Warner Bros. label. Following a disagreement with Prince, O'Neal was replaced as lead singer by Morris Day.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: O'Neal subsequently formed an R&B band called Alexander and recorded a couple 12" singles, "Do You Dare/Playroom" and "Attitude" for a Chicago area independent label, based in Merrillville, Indiana, called Erect Records.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 1984 O'Neal signed a deal with Clarence Avant's Tabu Records. He did some backing vocals for other artists on the same label, including The S.O.S. Band and Cherrelle.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 1985, O'Neal released his self-titled debut album under the production of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis as well as Monte Moir. It included three singles that reached the Top 20 of the R&B Singles Chart. The same year, he also scored his first R&B Top 10 single with "Saturday Love", a duet with Cherrelle from her "High Priority" album. The song peaked at #2 on the R&B chart and #26 on the pop chart, while also beginning a string of UK hit singles for O'Neal by peaking at #6 on the UK Singles Chart in early 1986. This UK success continued when "If You Were Here Tonight", which had previously peaked at #81, re-entered the charts to reach #13 in March 1986.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 1987, O'Neal released the album "Hearsay", which was certified gold in the US and yielded his biggest US hit in "Fake", which topped the R&B chart and reached #25 on the pop chart. The song also peaked at #7 on the Billboard dance chart. The follow-up single, "Criticize", peaked at #4 on the R&B chart and #70 on the pop chart. The third single, "Never Knew Love Like This", another duet with Cherrelle, peaked at #2 on the R&B chart and #28 on the pop chart. However, by this time O'Neal was enjoying much greater success in the UK, where "Hearsay" peaked at #4 on the UK Albums Chart, eventually being certified triple platinum and spawning six Top 40 hits on the UK Singles Chart. The most successful of these gave O'Neal his biggest UK hit when "Criticize" peaked at #4 on the chart in late 1987. "Fake" became a UK Top 40 hit twice, first in 1987 followed by a remix ("Fake '88") in 1988. The "Hit Mix" (a megamix of O'Neal's hits) also reached the UK Top 20 in December 1989.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In December 1988 O'Neal released a Christmas album, "My Gift to You", featuring a cover of "The Christmas Song" that reached the UK Top 40.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 1991, O'Neal released his fourth album, "All True Man". The album was certified gold in the US, with the title track reaching #5 on the R&B chart and #43 on the pop chart. The album became his highest charting release in the UK, reaching #2 and going gold, although it ultimately sold fewer copies than "Hearsay". The title track reached #18 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1992, his first greatest hits album, "", became another Top 5 success in the UK.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 1993, O'Neal's final album with the Tabu label, "Love Makes No Sense", was released. This was the first album made without production from Jam and Lewis. Although it reached the UK Top 20 and two singles from the album reached the UK Top 40, sales were not as strong as his earlier releases. After leaving Tabu O'Neal signed for Motown, but no singles or albums were released. In 1995, another greatest hits compilation, "The Best of Alexander O'Neal", was released. A year later the compilation was re-released with three added tracks from O'Neal's short period with Motown.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 1996, his first album with One World Records, "Lovers Again", was released. The album did not chart in the UK, though the single "Let's Get Together" reached the UK Top 40. In 2001, he released an album on Eagle Records, "Saga of a Married Man". The album was produced by former Prince drummer, Bobby Z. In 2005, he recorded his first live album, "Alexander O'Neal Live at Hammersmith Apollo", featuring songs from throughout his career.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2008, O'Neal released "Alex Loves...", his first studio album in six years. The album peaked at #49 in the UK, and was his first charting album of new material in 15 years.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2014, O'Neal signed a new management deal with Howard Perl Management (Beverly Hills), which awarded him extensive tours and a cast member on Celebrity Big Brother.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In June 2016, O'Neal collaborated with Manchester-based funk band, Mamma Freedom, on the single, "Fake", a re-recording of his 1987 single of the same name. The single was released shortly before O'Neal embarked upon a UK tour, with Mamma Freedom providing support.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2017, O'Neal collaborated with Manchester-based funk band Mamma Freedom on the album "Hearsay30", a re-recording of his 1987 album. The album was released on December 1, 2017.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2019, O'Neal made an appearance alongside Cherrelle at the Soul Train Awards to pay tribute to long-time collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2021, O'Neal made an appearance alongside Whyso, O'Mega Red, and J Dore of The High Children on "Say His Name," a song dedicated to the memory of George Floyd.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2006 O'Neal appeared on the "Weakest Link, All Singing All Dancing Edition", where he was the 5th contestant voted off the show. In 2006 and 2007, O'Neal participated on the British reality singing contest show "Just the Two of Us". In 2008 O'Neal took part in a "Wife Swap" UK special, swapping his wife Cynthia with broadcaster and TV personality Jilly Goolden. The programme included an in-depth interview with O'Neal by noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis of the award-winning magazine "Blues & Soul". The interview was featured in full in the August 2008 issue of the magazine.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2011 the TV One series "Unsung" profiled O'Neal's rise to fame, along with the story of Cherrelle.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: In 2015 O'Neal took part in the Channel 5 reality series "Celebrity Big Brother". On Day 12, O'Neal decided to leave the show.


title: Alexander O'Neal

text: O'Neal was honored with a star on the outside mural of the Minneapolis nightclub First Avenue, recognizing performers that have played sold-out shows or have otherwise demonstrated a major contribution to the culture at the iconic venue. Receiving a star "might be the most prestigious public honor an artist can receive in Minneapolis," according to journalist Steve Marsh.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Pyramid is the collective name of a series of American television game shows that has aired several versions domestically and internationally. The original series, The $10,000 Pyramid, debuted on March 26, 1973, and spawned seven subsequent "Pyramid" series. Most later series featured a full title format matching the original series, with the title reflecting an increasing top prize. The game features two contestants, each paired with a celebrity. Contestants attempt to guess a series of words or phrases based on descriptions given to them by their teammates. The title refers to the show's pyramid-shaped gameboard, featuring six categories arranged in a triangular fashion. The various "Pyramid" series have won a total of nine Daytime Emmys for Outstanding Game Show, second only to "Jeopardy!", which has won 13.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Dick Clark is the host most commonly associated with the show, having hosted the network daytime version from 1973 to 1980 (which moved from CBS to ABC in 1974, and increased its namesake top prize from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1976) and The (New) $25,000 Pyramid from 1982 to 1988 on CBS. Clark also hosted two weeknight syndicated versions, The $50,000 Pyramid in 1981 and The $100,000 Pyramid from 1985 to 1988 (concurrent with the daytime show).


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Bill Cullen hosted the first weekly nighttime version of "The $25,000 Pyramid" from 1974 to 1979. John Davidson hosted "The $100,000 Pyramid" in 1991, and Donny Osmond hosted a version simply titled Pyramid from 2002 to 2004; both aired five episodes per week. Game Show Network's The Pyramid, hosted by Mike Richards, who was an executive at format owner Sony Pictures Television, aired a single forty-episode season in 2012.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The current incarnation of "The $100,000 Pyramid" debuted June 26, 2016, on ABC with Michael Strahan as host, and has aired on Sunday nights during the summer months since, completing its fourth season in September 2019. On November 20, 2019, the series was renewed for a fifth season, which premiered on May 26, 2021. On January 6, 2022, "The $100,000 Pyramid" renewed for a sixth season and the show moved from New York to Los Angeles. The sixth season premiered on July 10, 2022.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The Pyramid's gameboards, both in the main game and in the Winners' Circle bonus round, feature six categories arranged in a triangle (referred to as a pyramid), with three categories on the bottom row, two on the middle row, and one on the top.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Two teams compete in the main game. In most variants, each team is composed of a celebrity and a contestant. At the beginning of the game, the teams are shown six categories. Once the category is chosen, its exact meaning is given unless there is a bonus element that requires obscuring the category. One member of the team is then given a list of words or phrases that fit the category (displayed on a monitor before that team member), and must describe each to his or her partner within a time limit. The team member giving the clues may use any form of verbal clue that does not contain the answer (for example, using "high up" for "height"); non-verbal clues such as pantomime are also accepted. One point is scored for each item correctly guessed, and words for which illegal clues are given are eliminated from play. Each category usually consists of seven words or phrases.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Each team alternates playing a category until all six have been played, although it is possible for a category to go unplayed if one team is so far behind that they cannot score enough points to catch up. In addition, the teams alternate in each round of play as to whether the celebrity or the contestant gives the clues.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: On most versions of the show, in the event of a tie, the host offers the team who created the tie a choice between two letters of the alphabet. That team then plays a round consisting entirely of words beginning with that letter, after which the opposing team plays words beginning with the other letter. The tie is then broken by whichever team scores more points or, if both teams correctly guess all seven words, which team guessed all seven words in a shorter amount of time. For most versions airing in the 1980s, an additional $5,000 cash bonus was awarded for breaking a tie if both teams achieved perfect 21 scores prior to the tiebreaker. On the 2010s version, a tie is broken by whichever team achieved their total points in a faster amount of time.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: After a round of gameplay, the higher-scoring team proceeds to the show's bonus round, known as the Winner's Circle. Once the Winner's Circle is completed, a new round of gameplay begins with the celebrities switching teams and a new selection of categories. After this round is completed, the winning team proceeds to the second and final Winner's Circle.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Throughout the 1970s, a random category during the main game doubled as the "Big 7", meaning that the contestant originally received a prize if all seven words were guessed correctly. Depending on the version of the show, the "Big 7" bonus could be a cash amount or a new car.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Beginning in 1982, a random category in the second round was designated as the "Mystery 7", in which the host did not reveal the topic of the category until after the fact, and correctly guessing all seven words awarded a prize. This bonus feature was reinstated for the second round of the 2010s version.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: In 1983, "The $25,000 Pyramid" introduced a new bonus space called the "7-11", which was randomly concealed behind a category in the first round of gameplay. If this was revealed, the team could elect to play for $1,100 cash if all seven words were guessed correctly, or $50 per correct word; the latter option was dropped in early 1985.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The 1991 version offered additional bonuses. "Gamble for a Grand"/"Gamble for a Trip" offered the choice to reduce the round's time limit from 30 to 25 seconds to win $1,000 cash or a trip, respectively, and "Double Trouble" offered the team 45 seconds to guess seven two-word responses for a $500 bonus.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The Donny Osmond-hosted version had only one bonus: "Super Six", which was featured in both games each day, and awarded an additional prize for guessing all six words in 20 seconds.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: On the Game Show Network version, there were no bonus cards, but correctly guessing all seven words in a category awarded a $500 bonus and added $5,000 to the Winner's Circle bank.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The winning team from the main game plays the Winner's Circle, in which one player must describe six categories of increasing difficulty to their partner within sixty seconds by giving a short and concise list of items relating to each category in play. (For instance, the category "things that clean" could be described with clues such as "soap", "a vacuum", or "a maid's broom".) Although it has not been stated in official rules, since Strahan has been hosting, the contestant gives the clues, and the celebrity must guess the category. In prior versions of the show, celebrities usually gave the clues.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The clue-giver may pass on a category and return to it after playing through all six if time remains on the clock. Giving an illegal clue immediately forfeits the current category from play. These include using gestures; using any part of a key word in the category or a direct synonym of it; using a prepositional phrase; or listing an item that does not fit the category. If all six categories are guessed before time runs out, the contestant partner wins the top prize; if not, he/she wins money for each category that is correctly guessed.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: "The $10,000 Pyramid", with host Dick Clark, made its network debut on March 26, 1973 and was a ratings hit, sustaining its ratings even when episodes were delayed or preempted by the Watergate hearings. A year later, the ratings temporarily declined (against the original version of "Jeopardy!" on NBC) and CBS canceled it. The show was quickly picked up by ABC and began airing on that network on May 6, 1974. As per CBS custom at the time with celebrity game shows, three weeks of episodes for CBS were taped in Hollywood at CBS Television City, Studio 31. The remainder of the CBS episodes originated in New York City at the Ed Sullivan Theater, moving to ABC's Elysee Theatre after "Pyramid" switched networks.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Beginning on January 19, 1976, the series doubled its top prize and was retitled "The $20,000 Pyramid". From October 1 to November 9, 1979, the series briefly became "Junior Partner Pyramid", which scrapped the usual celebrity-contestant pairings in favor of children playing the game with a parent or other adult relative. Its last episode aired June 27, 1980, with "Family Feud" subsequently moving up a half-hour to take over the 12:00 noon (EST) slot formerly occupied by "The $20,000 Pyramid".


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: On September 20, 1982, the series returned to the CBS daytime lineup as "The (New) $25,000 Pyramid", again with Clark as host, but now taped in Los Angeles full-time at CBS Television City's Studio 33 (currently used for "The Price is Right", now known as the "Bob Barker Studio") and remained there for the entire run up until December 31, 1987. "Blackout" began airing in the series' 10:00 a.m. timeslot the following Monday, but that show was canceled after 13 weeks of episodes. On April 4, 1988, "The $25,000 Pyramid" returned to the CBS daytime schedule, but only for 13 more weeks. The show's final episode aired on July 1. The following Monday, the show was replaced by "Family Feud" hosted by Ray Combs.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Concurrent with the network show's run, several nighttime versions of the show were sold to local stations through syndication: the original "$25,000 Pyramid" and "The $50,000 Pyramid" were taped in the Elysee Theatre in New York, and both editions of "The $100,000 Pyramid" were taped at Television City. The Dick Clark-hosted episodes were taped in Studio 33 concurrently with the daytime "$25,000 Pyramid", and the 1991 edition hosted by John Davidson was taped in Studio 31. "Pyramid", hosted by Donny Osmond, ran from September 16, 2002 to September 10, 2004 and was taped at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. "The Pyramid" was taped at the CBS Studio Center. Strahan's "The $100,000 Pyramid" is taped at the ABC Television Center in New York.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: In August 2020, production for season five of "The $100,000 Pyramid" resumed in New York City with new safety protocols and guidelines introduced; these guidelines include measures such as crew and contestants having their temperatures tested, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on-site, and social distancing measures. This season does not feature an in-studio audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: In late 1996, Sony Pictures Television (then-Columbia TriStar Television) produced a pilot for a new version of "Pyramid", with Mark Walberg as host, which featured a format radically different from the earlier versions, including an increase of the number of celebrities to six, each of which would be assigned to a different main game subject. It did not sell, but Sony tried again the following year, this time with Chuck Woolery at the helm and a format closer to the original, although the six-celebrity motif from the previous pilot remained. This version also failed to sell, but two years later, after the success of its series "Rock & Roll Jeopardy!" on VH1, Sony attempted to give "Pyramid" similar treatment with a 1999 pilot called "Pyramid Rocks". Hosted by Bil Dwyer, the format likewise attempted to incorporate music into the game, but proved no more successful than the previous two attempts at reviving the series.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Following CBS's cancellation of "Guiding Light" in April 2009, "Pyramid" was one of three potential series considered as a replacement for the veteran soap opera. ("Let's Make a Deal" and "The Dating Game" as "The New Dating Game" or "The Newlywed Game" as "The New Newlywed Game" were the other two, with a pilot shot for the former series.) During the tapings that took place in June of that year at the Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York, the top prize was raised to a potential $1,000,000 with a tournament format similar to the $100,000 format. Dean Cain and Tim Vincent were tapped as hosts of the pilots, with "$50,000" announcer Alan Kalter returning, and Sony Pictures game show legend Ken Jennings served as a panelist in the pilots.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: CBS passed on "Pyramid" and opted to pick up "Let's Make a Deal", hosted by Wayne Brady, as "Guiding Light's" replacement. Several months later, in December 2009, CBS announced the cancellation of another long-running soap opera, "As the World Turns". "Pyramid" was once again among the series being considered as a potential replacement. CBS ordered a third pilot on April 9, 2010. Andy Richter was identified as a potential host.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: On May 18, 2011, TBS announced development of a possible new version of "Pyramid", again to be hosted by Andy Richter. It was later announced that the show was not picked up.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Another pilot, titled "The Pyramid", was taped on June 16, 2012. On July 12, 2012, GSN announced "The Pyramid" had been picked up and would premiere on the network on September 3, with Mike Richards hosting the show. The series ran for 40 episodes before being cancelled later in the year.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: On January 9, 2016, ABC greenlit a new version of "The $100,000 Pyramid", set to air during the summer of 2016. This version also marked the return of the show to New York City, where it had originally been produced in the 1970s. The first season comprised ten hour-long episodes, with Michael Strahan serving as host. Each episode consists of two full games. Two introductions and two closings are taped with ability to air either; as with "Celebrity Family Feud" and "Match Game", each game is its own 30-minute episode, and the introduction and closing aired depends if one game is the first or the second game to air in a single 60-minute block.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The series premiered on June 26 of that year, airing as part of ABC's "Sunday Fun & Games" lineup at 9:00pm ET/8:00pm CT (along with the Steve Harvey-hosted "Celebrity Family Feud" and the Alec Baldwin-hosted "Match Game"). On August 4, 2016, ABC renewed "The $100,000 Pyramid" for a second season. On June 11, 2017, the show moved to 10/9 central in order to pair it up with the seed-funding reality competition show "Steve Harvey's Funderdome" along with the third season of "Celebrity Family Feud". On August 6, 2017, ABC announced "The $100,000 Pyramid" was renewed for a third season. On June 10, 2018, the show moved back to its regular 9:00pm ET time slot. This was also paired up with the fourth season of "Celebrity Feud" hosted by Steve Harvey, along with the third season of "To Tell the Truth" hosted by Anthony Anderson. In this format, the host opens each show introducing the celebrity guests, each of whom then introduces his or her partner/contestant by first name only.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Bob Clayton was the series' original announcer and performed these duties until his death in 1979. Alan Kalter and Steve O'Brien shared the primary announcer role until "The $50,000 Pyramid" ended production in 1981. Substitutes included Fred Foy, John Causier, Dick Heatherton, Scott Vincent, and Ed Jordan.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: When the series was revived and production moved to California in 1982, Jack Clark became the announcer and held the position until 1985. Johnny Gilbert became the primary announcer for "The $25,000 Pyramid" while Charlie O'Donnell took the job for "The $100,000 Pyramid" when it launched that fall. Both Gilbert and O'Donnell substituted for each other on their respective series; other substitutes included Jerry Bishop, Rod Roddy, Bob Hilton, Charlie Tuna, and Dean Goss. In 1991, Gilbert and Goss were both featured announcers and frequent panelist Henry Polic II also announced for several weeks. John Cramer announced the 2002–04 version, and JD Roberto announced "The Pyramid" (2012). The 2016 ABC primetime version is announced by Brad Abelle.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Mike Gargiulo directed through 1981, with Bruce Burmester replacing him until the end of the 1991 version.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The original theme tune was "Tuning Up" by Ken Aldin. In 1982, it was replaced by an original, similarly styled composition by Bob Cobert, which was also used in 1991. Barry Coffing and John Blaylock composed the theme and incidental music for the 2002–04 version, while Alan Ett composed a cover of Bob Cobert's 1982–91 theme for "The Pyramid". Bleeding Fingers Music composed a separate cover of Cobert's theme for the 2016 version.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The British version was called "The Pyramid Game" and ran intermittently from 1981 to 1990, with Steve Jones as host. Donny Osmond hosted a short-lived incarnation in 2007, which used a similar set and the same music package as the 2002 American version.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: In 2009, Sony created an Australian version of "The Junior Partner Pyramid" called simply "Pyramid". This version was hosted by Shura Taft until 2012, with Graham Matters taking over the following year.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: A German version titled "" aired on ZDF from 1979 to 1994, and was hosted by Dieter Thomas Heck. A new version aired on ZDFneo in 2012, and was co-hosted by and .


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: The first board game of "The $10,000 Pyramid" was released in 1974 by the Milton Bradley Company, with a total of eight editions produced through 1981. Beginning with the fourth edition, like its TV counterpart, the title and top payoff changed to "The $20,000 Pyramid", while the final edition was titled "The $50,000 Pyramid". However, due to concerns about players easily memorizing possible Winners' Circle subjects, the format of the board game's Winners' Circle endgame was changed to mirror that of the TV version's main game.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: Cardinal Games released a new home version of "The $25,000 Pyramid" in 1986, this time using the actual Winners' Circle rules and format, which was also given to all contestants who appeared on both the daytime and nighttime versions for most of 1987. This version was reissued in 2000 by Endless Games, which later released a new edition based on the Osmond version in 2003.


title: Pyramid (game show)

text: "The $100,000 Pyramid", a video game adaptation, was released in 1987. Developed and published by Box Office Software, it was originally released for Apple II and then ported to DOS and Commodore 64. Years later, Sierra Attractions released a new PC CD-ROM version of "The $100,000 Pyramid" in 2001, which was followed by a DVD game from MGA Entertainment in 2006.


title: Tiger Squad

text: The Tiger Squad (, '), officially called the Rapid Intervention Force"' (Arabic: قوة التدخل السريع, "Quat al-Tadakhul al-Sarie"), is a "de jure" protective security unit under the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman. According to an unnamed source interviewed by the London-based online news outlet "Middle East Eye" following the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018 and a BBC source inside Saudi Arabia who has a relative in the squad, it is a Saudi team that consists of approximately fifty Saudi officers.<ref name="middleeasteye/22oct2018"></ref>


title: Tiger Squad

text: According to the Middle East Eye source, the Tiger Squad is a death squad of members from the military and intelligence agencies that has a mandate to carry out covert operations and executions, killing Saudi dissidents inside Saudi Arabia and abroad in a way that "goes unnoticed by the media, the international community". Sa'ad Al-Faqih, a Saudi opposition leader who claims he knows about this squad, confirmed that the role of the squad was to target and kill Saudi opponents.


title: Tiger Squad

text: According to a report from the New York Times, the personnel that would make up the Rapid Intervention Force originally received paramilitary training from Tier 1 Group sometime before 2017. The move was initially authorized by then-President Barack Obama through the US Department of State. Louis Bremer from Tier 1 Group’s parent company, Cerberus Capital Management, insisted the training was only for protective security of MbS, and not for carrying out targeted assassinations. There was no evidence that the US Department of State was aware what the operatives-in-training would be utilized for.


title: Tiger Squad

text: According to the "Middle East Eye"s source, the Tiger Squad was formed in 2017 and , consists of 50 secret service and military personnel. The group members are recruited from different branches of the Saudi forces, directing several areas of expertise. The source was independently verified by "Middle East Eye", though it could not confirm his information. On the other hand, "BBC Newsnight" reported a team of fifty Saudi officers to target Saudi critics was created in summer of 2018, and, according to David Ignatius, United States intelligence became aware in September 2018 of a "tiger team" to be created by Asiri for covert operations against unknown targets.


title: Tiger Squad

text: The Middle East Eye source said the Tiger Squad assassinates dissidents using varying methods such as planned car accidents, house fires, or injecting toxic substances into adversaries during regular health checkups. Saudi Crown prince Mohammad bin Salman had selected five members of his personal security team to serve in the Tiger squad.


title: Tiger Squad

text: The Rapid Intervention Force serves the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman as both a protective security unit and counter-dissident force. While it is officially part of the Saudi Royal Guard Regiment, it is solely loyal to the Crown Prince. It has been operating as early as 2017, already engaging in forced repatriations of Saudi dissidents, arbitrary detention and torture of women’s rights activists in Saudi Arabia. The unit is overseen by Saud al-Qahtani, the former General Supervisor of the Center for Studies and Media Affairs, with its commanding officer being Maj. Gen. Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb, a senior officer of the General Intelligence Presidency.


title: Tiger Squad

text: According to the Middle East Eye source, the five members of the Tiger Squad selected by Mohammad bin Salman allegedly spearheaded the 15-member death squad responsible for murdering and dismembering Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. In a later report, Middle East Eye stated seven members of the 15-member death squad were Mohammed bin Salman's personal bodyguards. According to the BBC source, the whole 15-member death squad killing Jamal Khashoggi were part of the Tiger Squad (Tiger Team). "The New York Times" reported that according to US officials who had access to classified intelligence reports, the members of the team involved in killing Khashoggi were also involved in more than a dozen operations since 2017. The US officials referred to this team as "Saudi Rapid Intervention Group". The "Washington Post" had reported citing anonymous intelligence officials that some members of the team had received special operations training by a company operating in Arkansas under the licence of the US State Department as part of US-Saudi cooperation.


title: Tiger Squad

text: The Tiger Squad also reportedly killed Suleiman Abdul Rahman al-Thuniyan, a Saudi court judge who was murdered by injection of deadly virus into his body when he had visited a hospital for a regular health checkup. "One of the techniques the tiger squad uses to silence dissidents or opponents of the government is to 'kill them with HIV, or other sorts of deadly viruses'". However, some sources have stated that al-Thuniyan died after he suffered from a chronic disease.


title: Tiger Squad

text: "Middle East Eye"'s source said, "I know of another attempt, which was to lure Saudi dissident Omar Abdulaziz in Canada to the consulate and kill him, but Abdulaziz refused to go and the mission failed. Khashoggi was the first [successful] operation." Abdulaziz said he was approached in 2018 (before Jamal Khashoggi was murdered) "by Saudi officials who urged him to visit their embassy with them to collect a new passport". Abdulaziz said that after he refused, Saudi authorities arrested two of his brothers and several of his friends in Saudi Arabia. He secretly recorded his conversations with those officials, which were several hours long, and provided them to "The Washington Post". Neither he nor the newspaper allege these officials wanted to kill him during the meetings.


title: Tiger Squad

text: In 2020, Saad bin Khalid al-Jabry, a former senior official in the Saudi government, exiled in Canada, filed a lawsuit in the United States against Mohammad bin Salman, alleging that bin Salman had sent the Tiger Squad to Canada in 2018, "carrying two bags of forensic tools", aiming to assassinate al-Jabry. The Tiger Squad agents were blocked on entry to Canada by border officials.


title: Tiger Squad

text: In February 2021, the United States Treasury placed sanctions on Asiri and the entire squad unit for their alleged involvement in the killing of Khashoggi.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan (pronounced ), officially the City of Butuan (; Butuanon: "Dakbayan hong Butuan"; ), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Caraga, Philippines. It is the "de facto" capital of the province of Agusan del Norte where it is geographically situated but has an administratively independent government. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 372,910 people.


title: Butuan

text: It served as the former capital of the Rajahnate of Butuan before 1001 until about 1521. The city used to be known during that time as the best in gold and boat manufacturing in the entire Philippine archipelago, having traded with as far as Champa, Ming, Srivijaya, Majapahit, and the Bengali coasts. It is located at the northeastern part of the Agusan Valley, Mindanao, sprawling across the Agusan River. It is bounded to the north, west and south by Agusan del Norte, to the east by Agusan del Sur and to the northwest by Butuan Bay.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan was the capital of the province of Agusan del Norte until 2000, when Republic Act 8811 transferred the capital to Cabadbaran. For statistical and geographical purposes, Butuan is grouped with Agusan del Norte but governed administratively independent from the province while legislatively administered by the province's 1st congressional district. However, the provincial government still holds office in Butuan City, the actual transfer of provincial offices to the new capital is still pending.


title: Butuan

text: The name "Butuan" is believed to have originated from the sour fruit locally called "batuan". Other etymological sources say that it comes from a certain Datu Buntuan, a chieftain who once ruled over areas of the present-day city.


title: Butuan

text: According to Datu Makalipay, Butuan was named after the wife of Datu Balansag who was the "tiniente de barangay" of the area before.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan, during the pre-colonial times, was known as the Rajahnate of Butuan, an Indianized kingdom known for its metallurgic industry and sophisticated naval technology. The rajahnate flourished at the 10th and 11th centuries CE, and had an extensive trade network with the Champa civilisation and the Srivijaya Empire.


title: Butuan

text: By 1001, the rajahnate had established contact with the Song dynasty of China. The "History of Song" recorded the appearance of a Butuan mission at the Chinese imperial court, and the rajahnate was described as a small Hindu country with a Buddhist monarchy, which had a regular trade connection with Champa. The mission, under a king named "Kiling", asked for equal status in court protocol with the Champa envoy, but ultimately was denied by the imperial court. However, under the reign of Sri Bata Shaja, the diplomatic equality was eventually granted to the kingdom, and as a result the diplomatic relations of the two nations reached its peak in the Yuan dynasty.


title: Butuan

text: Evidence of these trading links are in the discovery of 11 balangay boats around Ambangan in Barangay Libertad, which was described as the only concentration of archaeological, ancient, ocean-going boats in Southeast Asia. Other evidences of the post are the discovery of a village in Libertad that specializes in gold, deformed skulls similar to reports in Sulawesi, and the discovery of many artifacts by locals and treasure hunters.


title: Butuan

text: On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Ferdinand Magellan ordered a mass to be celebrated. This was officiated by Friar Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusian chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then. Another priest, the French Bernard Calmette (Bernardo Calmeta) had been marooned at Patagonia with Juan de Cartagena for being implicated in the mutiny at Puerto San Julián. Conducted near the shores of the island, the "Holy First Mass" marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines. Rajah Colambu and Siaiu were said to be among the first natives of the soon-to-be Spanish colony to attend the mass among other Mazaua inhabitants, together with visitors from Butuan who came with the entourage of Colambu, king of Butuan.


title: Butuan

text: Controversy has been generated regarding the holding of the first mass—whether it was held in Limasawa, Leyte or in Masao, Butuan City, in the hidden isle made up of barangays Pinamanculan and Bancasi inside Butuan—in the latest discovered site in the small barangay of Barobo, situated near between Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur, or elsewhere. It is sure, however, that Ferdinand Magellan did not drop anchor by the mouth of Agusan River in 1521 and hold mass to commemorate the event which was held at Mazaua, an island separate from Butuan which, in the geographical conception of Europeans who wrote about it, was a larger entity than what it is now. Antonio Pigafetta who wrote an eyewitness account of Magellan's voyage described in text and in map a Butuan that stretched from today's Surigao up to the top edge of Zamboanga del Norte.


title: Butuan

text: The first municipal election in Butuan took place in March 1902 in accordance with Public Law No. 82 which coincided with the American occupation of the place.


title: Butuan

text: During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, more than half of Butuan, if not all of it, was burned when local guerrilla forces attacked the enemy garrison on March 12, 1943, in the Battle of Butuan. On January 17, 1945, guerrillas attacked Japanese troops on the road between Cabadbaran and Butuan to prevent the Japanese garrison at Butuan from being reinforced. When the guerrillas depleted their ammunition supply, they were forced to retreat. Later in 1945, the Philippine Commonwealth troops in Butuan together with the recognized guerrillas attacked the Japanese forces during the Battle of Agusan. On October 20, 1948, still recovering from the war, the entire municipality was ruined by a fire.


title: Butuan

text: By the late 1940s to the 1970s, Butuan's industry specialized in timber, earning it the nickname "Timber City of the South". The plentiful trees of the area invited many investors to the city, and inspired then Congressman Marcos M. Calo to file a bill elevating Butuan for cityhood. On August 2, 1950, this was passed, converting Butuan into a city.


title: Butuan

text: However, by the early 1980s, the logging industry of the city began to decline, although the city was still an economic haven to many investors. The city's main income by that time frame and until this day depended on small and medium business, and large-scale projects by investors. On February 7, 1995, the city was reclassified from a chartered city to a highly urbanized city. Sixteen days later, on February 23, the region of Caraga was created by virtue of Republic Act 7901, with Butuan as its regional center, and the provincial capital of Agusan del Norte. In 2000, Republic Act 8811 formally transferred the capital of Agusan del Norte from Butuan to Cabadbaran, however most provincial offices are still located in the city.


title: Butuan

text: According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the City of Butuan has a total land area of , which is roughly 4.1% of the total area of the Caraga region.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan is bordered by the municipalities of Magallanes, Agusan del Norte and Remedios T. Romualdez, Agusan del Norte to the north, municipality of Sibagat, Agusan del Sur to the northeast, east and southeast, municipality of Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte to the south, municipality of Buenavista, Agusan del Norte to the west and Butuan Bay to the northwest.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan City is away from the City of Cabadbaran, the Provincial Capital of Agusan del Norte to the north. It is also away from Bayugan City to the east and away from Gingoog City to the west.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan is located at . Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 1.0 meter above sea level (M.a.s.l.).


title: Butuan

text: The existing land use of the city consists of the following uses: agriculture areas (397.23 km), forestland (268 km), grass/shrub/pasture land (61.14 km) and other uses (90.242 km). Of the total forestland, 105 km is production forest areas while 167.5 km is protection forest areas.


title: Butuan

text: The forestland, as mentioned earlier, comprised both the production and protection forest. The classified forest is further specified as production forest and protection forest. In the production forest industrial tree species are mostly grown in the area. The protection forest on the other hand, is preserved to support and sustain necessary ecological performance. Included in this are the watershed areas in Taguibo, which is the main source of water in the area,


title: Butuan

text: The city is endowed with swamplands near its coastal area. These swamp areas are interconnected with the waterways joined by the Agusan River. Most of the swamplands are actually mangroves that served as habitat to different marine species.


title: Butuan

text: Filling material needs of the city are extracted usually from the riverbank of Taguibo River. Others are sourced out from promontories with special features and for special purpose.


title: Butuan

text: The fishing ground of Butuan is the Butuan Bay of which two coastal barangays are located. It extends some two kilometers to the sea and joins the Bohol Sea. These are the barangays of Lumbocan and Masao.


title: Butuan

text: With a total population of 372,910 in the 2020 census, Butuan has an average density of 460 persons per km, higher than the regional average density of 130 persons per km.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan is the commercial, industrial, and administrative center of Caraga region. It is a strategic trading hub in Northern Mindanao with major roads connecting it to other main cities in the island such as Davao, Cagayan de Oro, Malaybalay, Surigao, and soon, Tandag. It hosts one of the busiest airports in the country, the Bancasi Airport, serving around 525,000 passengers in 2012. Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines serve the airport. Meanwhile, the nearby Nasipit International Port and in-city Masao Port are providing for its shipping and cargo needs.


title: Butuan

text: The total number of businesses registered in 2013 was 9,619—reflecting a growth of 9.86% and almost 3 times that of the next major Caraga city. New businesses registered numbered 2,032 with a combined capitalization of P504,598,667, an expansion of 75.63 from 2012.


title: Butuan

text: As further proof of its dynamic economy, Butuan's local income reached P330,510,000 in 2013 besting other major cities in the country. By 2014, its local income is expected to reach P513,870,000.00 or register a growth of 55%; and total income (including IRA) will be P1,515,970,000. The city was ranked 4th and 16th Most Competitive City for the years 2012 and 2014 by the National Competitiveness Council of the Philippines.


title: Butuan

text: More than 260 financial institutions are operating in the city such as Metrobank, Banco de Oro, Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI), Land Bank of the Philippines (Landbank), Philippine National Bank (PNB), Chinabank, EastWest Bank, Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC), UnionBank, Security Bank and Maybank. Rural banks are also expanding aggressively. Based on a report from PDIC (as of December 2013), total savings deposit in Butuan City amounted to P18,944,854,000, comprising 45% of the total deposits in Caraga Region. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) opened its regional office here to take advantage of the vibrant gold trading industry in the region. Insurance companies, led by Philam Life, are also present in the city.


title: Butuan

text: The city's major agricultural produce are rice, bananas, coconuts, poultry, shrimp, and milkfish. Its key industries include rice milling, food processing, wood processing, furniture, fuel distribution, shipbuilding, and construction. The manufacturing sector will soon get a boost as an industrial park is currently being developed. Butuan has also proven to be a haven for renewable energy with investments in solar and hydroelectric power generation pouring in the city.


title: Butuan

text: Smart Communications, Globe Telecom, PLDT and Bayantel serve the telecommunications needs of the city.


title: Butuan

text: The local government of Butuan City is headed by an elected Mayor and is considered to be the local chief executive of the city. He exercises the general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services, and activities of the city government. He is then accompanied by the law making body of the city which is called, The Sangguniang Panlungsod headed by the elected Vice Mayor as the presiding officer, together with ten elected Sangguniang Panlungsod Members and the President of the Liga ng mga Barangay as an ex-officio member.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan is subdivided into 86 barangays and group into 13 districts. Also, barangays 1 thru 26 form the Poblacion (city proper) of Butuan City.


title: Butuan

text: The Butuan National Airport, called Bancasi Airport, serves the general area of Butuan, located in the province of Agusan del Norte in the Philippines. It is the only airport in the province and largest in the Caraga region. The airport is classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial airport, by the Air Transportation Office, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. It also serves more than 400,000 travelers yearly that includes 250,000 local and foreign tourists. Butuan National Airport can also accommodate 5 to 10 flights a day including large number of aircraft via Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines operated by PAL Express.


title: Butuan

text: As a regional commercial and economic hub, the Port of Masao is Butuan's seaport. It was built to avoid having the city depend on the port of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte. The said port will be having more expansion and development to become a seaport with international standards in the region and in Mindanao.


title: Butuan

text: The main modes of transportation within the city proper are tricycles with 3 distinctive colours. The first and main tricycle is the "orange" tricycle in which it delivers passengers in the majority of butuan. The second is the "red" tricycle where it delivers passengers in the north, northeast and northwest of butuan. The third is the "yellow" tricycle where it delivers passengers in the south, southwest and some parts in the southeast and its also the variant with the least amount of tricycles. Depending on the tricycle, it can accommodate up to 6 or 7 passengers. Another mode of transportation is the small-type jeepneys or multicab vehicles with a seating capacity of at least 15 passengers via fixed routes going to big barangays such as Bancasi, Libertad, Ampayon, Los Angeles and De Oro. Jeepneys, Vans and Buses is also available in Jeepney Terminal, New Integrated Van Terminal and City Integrated Bus Terminal respectively located Langihan Public Area. They also follow fixed routes to outlying barangays, neighboring towns, municipals, cities and provinces. Long-distance routes also include cities of Manila, Ormoc, Legazpi, Tacloban, Calbayog, Surigao, Tandag, Bislig (Mangagoy), Davao City, Tagum, Cagayan de Oro, Carmen, Balingoan, Gingoog and Malaybalay. The city also has Metered Taxis.


title: Butuan

text: With new developments surrounding the old unfinished sports complex facility, the City Government has transferred the sports complex from the 8 hectare complex in Barangay Libertad to the 38 hectare complex in Barangay Tiniwisan/Ampayon. The said complex is worth P250 Million for Phase I will be one of the biggest international standard complex in the Philippines. Phase I consists of a 3,672 seater football main bleacher, a 4,000 seater basketball gymnasium, grass football field, and a rubberized track oval. The Phase I of the Polysports Complex was officially opened in 2015. Phase II will consist of a 2nd main bleacher, an Olympic-size swimming pool, and a baseball/softball field with bleachers, but it was unfinished and under investigated by COA. The said Butuan City Convention Center will be constructed starting on March 24, 2020, and located at the old unfinished sports complex in Libertad.


title: Butuan

text: Being the regional center of Caraga, Butuan is also the region's center of education. There are two universities in the city. The first, Father Saturnino Urios University, a privately run school founded by Rev. Fr. Urios, S.J. in 1901. The second, the Caraga State University— Main Campus, formerly known as the Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology, is a state-run school founded in 1918. They are among the top two performing universities in the region.


title: Butuan

text: Butuan is known for its education competence. Proof of these are in awards earned. Teachers and school staff of the Butuan Central Elementary School, Butuan City SPED Center and Agusan National High School have large-scale exposure to specialization techniques, as well as seminars and workshops to complement, with partnerships like Philippine-Australia Project on Basic Education (PROBE).


title: Butuan

text: National high schools include the Agusan NHS, Tungao NHS, San Vicente NHS, Libertad NHS and Ampayon ISS (Integrated Secondary School). The city is also home of the Butuan City School of Arts and Trades (BCSAT), a specialization school in the fields of arts and in vocational courses.


title: Butuan

text: As an education hub, Butuan has colleges with a variety of courses. Examples are the Agusan Colleges, Inc., ACLC College of Butuan, Butuan Doctors College, Saint Joseph Institute of Technology, Agusan Business and Arts Foundation, Agusan Institute of Technology, Asian College Foundation, Balite Institute of Technology—Butuan, Butuan City Colleges, Corjesu Computer College, Elisa R. Ochoa Memorial Northern Mindanao School of Midwifery, Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon, Inc., Holy Child Colleges of Butuan City, Philippine Electronics and Communication Institute of Technology, Saint Peter College Seminary, and the Sunrise Christian College Foundation of the Philippines.


title: Butuan

text: Big private universities like the Ateneo, De La Salle Philippines and Iglesia ni Cristo-owned New Era University (NEU) had also expressed to put up local branches.


title: Butuan

text: Other schools include Timber City Academy (Butuan Chinese School), Enfant Cheri Study Centre, Rainbow of Angels Learning Center, Solid Rock Shilo Mission Academy, Ampayon Central Elementary School, Angelicum Montessori School, Butuan Grace Christian School, Butuan Christian Community School, Florencio R. Sibayan Central Elementary School, Libertad Central Elementary School, Obrero Elementary School, and the Ong Yiu Central Elementary School.


title: Annapurna Labs

text: Annapurna Labs is an Israeli microelectronics company. Since January 2015 it has been a subsidiary of Amazon.com. Amazon reportedly acquired the company for its Amazon Web Services division for US$350–370M.


title: Annapurna Labs

text: Annapurna Labs, named after the Annapurna Massif in the Himalayas, was co-founded by Bilic "Billy" Hrvoje, a Bosnian Jewish refugee, Nafea Bshara, an Arab Israeli citizen, and Ronen Boneh with investments from the independent investors Avigdor Willenz, Manuel Alba, Andy Bechtolsheim, the venture capital firm Walden International, Arm Holdings, and TSMC. Board members include Avigdor Willenz, Manuel Alba, and Lip-Bu Tan, the CEO of both Walden International and Cadence Design Systems.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: Duval County is in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 995,567, up from 864,263 in 2010. Its county seat is Jacksonville, Florida, with which the Duval County government has been consolidated since 1968. Duval County was established in 1822, and is named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834. Duval County is the central county of the Jacksonville Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: This area had been settled by varying cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European contact. Within the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in Jacksonville, archeologists have excavated remains of some of the oldest pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BCE. Prior to European contact, the area was inhabited by the Mocama, a Timucuan-speaking group who lived throughout the coastal areas of northern Florida. At the time Europeans arrived, much of what is now Duval County was controlled by the Saturiwa, one of the region's most powerful tribes. The area that became Duval County was home to the 16th-century French colony of Fort Caroline, and saw increased European settlement in the 18th century with the establishment of Cowford, later renamed Jacksonville.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: Duval County was created in 1822 from St. Johns County. It was named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834. When Duval County was created, it covered a massive area, from the Suwannee River on the west to the Atlantic Ocean on the east, north of a line from the mouth of the Suwannee River to Jacksonville on the St. Johns River. Alachua and Nassau counties were created out of parts of Duval County in 1824. Clay County was created from part of Duval County in 1858. Part of St. Johns County south and east of the lower reaches of the St. Johns River was transferred to Duval County in the 1840s.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: On October 1, 1968, the government of Duval County was consolidated with the government of the city of Jacksonville. The Duval County cities of Atlantic Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach, and the town of Baldwin are not included in the corporate limits of Jacksonville, and maintain their own municipal governments. The city of Jacksonville provides all services that a county government would normally provide.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of , of which is land and (17.0%) is water. The topography is coastal plain; however there are some rolling hills.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 995,567 people, 369,704 households, and 225,060 families residing in the county.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: In 2010, 6.7% of the population considered themselves to be of only "American" ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity.)


title: Duval County, Florida

text: Of the 342,450 households 28.68% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.92% were married couples living together, 16.74% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.27% were non-families. 24.85% of households were one person and 8.05% (2.29% male and 5.76% female) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.04.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: The age distribution was 23.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% 65 or older. The median age was 35.8 years. For every 100 females there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: The median household income was $49,463 and the median family income was $60,114. Males had a median income of $42,752 versus $34,512 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,854. About 10.4% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those aged 65 or over.


title: Duval County, Florida

text: In 2010, 9.0% of the county's population was foreign born, with 49.5% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 38.2% were born in Latin America, 35.6% born in Asia, 17.9% were born in Europe, 5.8% born in Africa, 2.0% in North America, and 0.5% were born in Oceania.