title: The Hudson Brothers

text: On Decca Records they changed their name to Everyday Hudson in early 1970, releasing "Laugh, Funny Funny" (later revived for their 1974 CBS summer replacement series) b/w "Love Is the Word" (#32634). For the release in spring 1971 of "The World Would Be a Little Bit Better" bw "Love Nobody" on Lionel Records (L-3211), their name was shortened to Hudson. They had one further release on Lionel issued only in Canada, "Straight Up and Tall" (an early version of the song they later re-recorded for the Rocket label) b/w "Enough." This name was also used in 1972 after switching to the newly re-activated Playboy Records, with the release of "Leavin' It's Over" (P-50001), (Billboard Bubbling Under Chart #110). The single made the top ten in some local markets, including Omaha, where it reached #8. When the group's self-titled debut album was released in 1972, the song was re-titled on the lyrics inside the LP as "Leave and It's Over". It was later reissued when Playboy was acquired by CBS. One further Playboy single was released only in Canada, with "Lovely Lady" as the A-side.


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: One of the group's earliest appearances on television as The Hudson Brothers, was in the summer of 1972, for the television game show "What's My Line?" In 1973, the group received the attention of producer Bernie Taupin, who signed them with Elton John's record label, The Rocket Record Company. Under the name Hudson, the US Rocket label released "If You Really Need Me" (MCA-40141), which was recorded in France and produced by Taupin and mixed by Andy Scott. The B-side featured two songs, "America" and "Fight Back," and the record was issued in an attractive full-color picture sleeve. In the UK, the same sleeve was used for a different A-side, "Straight Up and Tall," b/w "America" and "Fight Back." After the group's 1974 success on the Casablanca label, their complete 1973 Rocket LP, "Totally Out of Control," was issued, and another single was issued, "Be a Man" b/w "Sunday Driver" (MCA-40317), which bubbled under in Billboard. The LP did not include "America" or "Fight Back."


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: After the group appeared as guests of "The Sonny Comedy Revue" on ABC in early 1974, noted producer Chris Bearde was impressed by the brothers' stage presence and offered them their own variety hour on the CBS network for the summer slot vacated by The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour. "The Hudson Brothers Show" aired Wednesday nights on CBS from July 31 to August 28, 1974. The show was so successful that CBS devised "The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show", which aired on Saturday mornings, from September 7, 1974, to August 30, 1975, in a half-hour format. The group's television exposure resulted in the brothers becoming teen idols.


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: Their first release as The Hudson Brothers came in September 1974 with their single "So You Are a Star" on Casablanca Records (NES 0108), which peaked on the Billboard charts at #21 in November 1974. The group's second studio album, "Totally Out of Control" (1974), was released through The Rocket Record Company, and charted at #179 on the Billboard 200 in December 1974. Their third studio album, "Hollywood Situation" simultaneously peaked at #174.


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: They subsequently released the single "Coochie Coochie Coo" (NES 816) in 1975, which peaked on the Bubbling Under Chart at #108. The song was taken from the "Hollywood Situation" LP, but the single version featured added percussion and was backed with the non-LP track, "Me and My Guitar." They then re-signed wit Rocket and scored another hit with "Rendezvous" (#26 U.S. Billboard Hot 100) from their fourth studio album, "Ba-Fa". John Rockwell of "The New York Times", reviewing one of the group's summer shows in 1975, wrote:


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: "Ba-Fa" charted on the Billboard 200 at #176 in January 1976. The follow-up single, "Lonely School Year," charted in Billboard at #60, but their next Rocket single, "Spinning the Wheel (With The Girl You Love)," failed to chart. They then signed with Arista Records in 1976. Their first Arista single, "Help Wanted," peaked at #70 on the Billboard charts. It appears that a follow-up single, "She's a Rebel" (a remake of the Crystals' "He's a Rebel" with the genders switched), was planned for release, as they promoted it on several TV appearances, but the 45 was never released. A second Arista single, "I Don't Wanna Be Lonely," failed to chart and was backed with the non-LP track, "Pauline," which the Hudsons wrote and produced. Their final Arista 45, "The Runaway," also failed to chart. The three then starred alongside Bob Monkhouse in "Bonkers!", a half-hour syndicated comedy show in 1978, produced in Britain by ATV (Jack Burns was its American producer) and distributed by ITC. The same year, they each appeared together in the comedy film "Zero to Sixty" (1978).


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: In 1980, the group reverted their name back to "Hudson" after they signed with Elektra Records. (The "Hudsons" which recorded for Columbia in 1983 is not the same group.) They engaged in a promotional tour for their debut Elektra single, "Annie," but it did not chart, nor did their final Elektra single, "Afraid to Love," despite featuring a Linda Ronstadt duet vocal which was not credited on the label. The brothers guest-starred on an episode of "The Love Boat" in 1980 ("Not So Fast, Gopher; Haven't We Met Before?/Foreign Exchange"). Their final studio album, "Damn Those Kids" (1980), was released by Elektra. In 1983, the three brothers appeared in "Hysterical", a horror-comedy film.


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: Richard Unterberger of AllMusic wrote of the group: "Those that remember the Hudson Brothers usually think of them as a bubblegum act of sorts, due to the fact that they hosted some comedy-variety TV shows in the mid-'70s. But they were in fact a real group, extremely Anglophile in orientation, with heavy debts to the Beatles and Beach Boys, and occasional hints of the Kinks."


title: The Hudson Brothers

text: The long introduction to "The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show" was featured in 2021 in the "Family Guy" episode "And Then There's Fraud".


title: Jack Garner

text: Jack Garner (born Jack Edward Bumgarner; September 19, 1926 – September 13, 2011) was an American actor. He was the elder brother of James Garner.


title: Jack Garner

text: Garner was born in Norman, Oklahoma, the son of Mildred Scott (née Meek) and Weldon Warren "Bill" Bumgarner. He was the second of three boys including actor James Garner (youngest) and Charles Bumgarner (oldest). The family operated a general store on Denver Corner in eastern Norman. The boys were sent to live with relatives after their mother died, while Garner's father remarried several times.


title: Jack Garner

text: Garner was a star athlete at Norman High School, playing on the state championship basketball team in 1945. Jack Garner played as a minor league baseball pitcher for a team affiliated with the Pittsburgh Pirates for eleven years. He then worked for several golf courses in Florida after leaving the minor leagues.Years later, brother James Garner wrote about Garner's athletic abilities in his memoir, "At Norman High, he was a point guard on a championship basketball team and quarterbacked an all-state football team...But his best sport was baseball: Jack was a pitcher in the Pittsburgh Pirates organization for 11 years. He was a better athlete than I was and a lot more outgoing. I was always in his footsteps." Garner became a longtime member of the Professional Golfers' Association, played competitively, and later became a golf pro at Oakmont Country Club in Glendale, California. His golf experience allowed him to coach at the country club and elsewhere. Garner taught Dan Aykroyd, his brother's co-star in the 1996 film "My Fellow Americans", to properly swing a golf club for a scene in that movie.


title: Jack Garner

text: Jack and James eventually moved to Los Angeles to reconnect with their father, who had relocated to southern California. Both changed their names to Garner after the move west. The third brother, Charles Bumgarner, who died in 1984 at the age of 60, remained in Norman and became a school administrator. Jack Garner entertained as the lead singer for the Coconut Grove nightclub, located in the now defunct Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles early in his career.


title: Jack Garner

text: Garner began acting in television during the late 1960s. His roles included guest appearances on "Love, American Style", "The Bionic Woman", "The Doris Day Show", "Daniel Boone", "The Green Hornet", "Mannix", "Medical Center" and "Murder, She Wrote". He appeared in "The Rockford Files" in more than twenty episodes of the show, usually in bit roles, though he assumed the recurring supporting role of the indecisive, fence-sitting Captain McEnroe in the show's final season. Garner later appeared in "Bret Maverick" portraying Jack the Bartender from 1981 to 1982. Garner reprised his "Rockford Files" role of McEnroe in a series of television movies based on the series from 1996 to 1999.


title: Jack Garner

text: Garner's film roles included "Wild Rovers" in 1971, "Maverick" in 1994, "My Fellow Americans" in 1996 and "Sunset" in 1988.


title: Jack Garner

text: Garner suffered a fall in September 2011, which resulted in a broken hip. Doctors determined that his heart was not strong enough to withstand surgery to repair the hip so Garner was transferred to a facility for long-term care. However, his condition suddenly worsened within one week. Garner died at a hospice in Rancho Mirage, California, near his home in Palm Desert, on September 13, 2011, six days shy of his 85th birthday. He was survived by his former wife, Betty Bumgarner; his daughter, Liz Bumgarner, and son-in-law, Don Dykstra (they have no children); and younger brother, James Garner. His memorial service was held at the Wiefels Mortuary in Palm Springs, California.


title: AFC Club Competitions Ranking

text: The AFC Club Competitions Ranking is a ranking system launched by the AFC in 2014. The ranking is based on the results of teams participating in the last four years of the AFC Champions League and the AFC Cup. The ranking is used for determine slot allocation in AFC club competitions.


title: AFC Club Competitions Ranking

text: The Club Competitions Ranking (former Member Association Ranking, or MA ranking) is used to rank associations and also used for seeding teams in the competitions. It is also used to allocate the number of entries and entry points to the competitions. There are however many shifts each year with associations not meeting off field requirements.


title: AFC Club Competitions Ranking

text: Each team is awarded points based on their performance in AFC club competitions. Points of a country in a season consists of two parts. First is the points earned in group and knockout stages. The total of points earned by all clubs from the country will be divided by the number of participating clubs in that tournament (points from AFC Champions League teams and AFC Cup teams are counted and averaged separately, then added to each other). The second one is the points from qualifying stages. Points earned by all clubs from the country are added up. The sum of those two parts will be the country's points for the season.


title: AFC Club Competitions Ranking

text: The ranking consists of the total of points of member association's clubs over the past four year. The points of the leading team are made 100 points in percentage terms. All other associations are adjusted proportionally to the leading team.


title: AFC Club Competitions Ranking

text: To be used for allocating slots in the 2023–24 season, which is relevant for use in determining allocations for the following cycle of the AFC Champions League and AFC Cup.


title: AFC Club Competitions Ranking

text: A club ranking was introduced in 2014 by the AFC. It was an informative ranking and not used to seed clubs in the club competitions.


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church is an American heavy metal band. They originally formed in San Francisco, California in 1980 and then relocated to Aberdeen, Washington the following year and briefly using the name Shrapnel. Led by guitarist and songwriter Kurdt Vanderhoof, the band has released twelve studio albums, and is often credited as a formative influence on the thrash metal subgenre, melding the aesthetics of the new wave of British heavy metal and American hard rock with "incredibly tight musicianship" and "piercingly screeched" vocals. They are also considered to be an integral part of the Seattle heavy metal music scene of the 1980s, and achieved considerable popularity that decade, with two of their first three albums entering the Top 100 on the "Billboard" 200 chart. The band's early lyrical topics such as conflict and paranoia later expanded into philosophical and social commentary.


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church has had a revolving door of vocalists, guitarists, bassists and drummers throughout its -year career, and Vanderhoof remains the group's sole consistent creative, despite reducing his role strictly to composition in 1986 after tiring of performing. The "classic" lineup of Vanderhoof, vocalist David Wayne, guitarist Craig Wells, bassist Duke Erickson, and drummer Kirk Arrington recorded the band's first two studio albums, "Metal Church" (1984) and their major breakthrough "The Dark" (1986). By the end of the 1980s, Vandehoof and Wayne had parted ways with the band and were replaced by vocalist Mike Howe and guitarist John Marshall respectively. Metal Church's popularity continued with their third album "Blessing in Disguise" (1989), which spawned one of their best-known songs "Badlands". After releasing two more studio albums with Howe, the band called it quits in 1996.


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church reformed in 1998 with most of their "classic" lineup, including Vanderhoof's return to performance, resulting in the "Masterpeace" album. They endured numerous lineup changes thereafter, releasing three further studio albums while fronted by Ronny Munroe before disbanding once again in July 2009. The group reunited for the second time in October 2012, and released their tenth studio album "Generation Nothing" a year later. Following Munroe's departure in the fall of 2014, Metal Church considered disbanding for the third time before Howe was rehired in April 2015 as the band's lead singer. He recorded two more albums with the group, which enjoyed a renewed popularity in the mid-to-late 2010s, before his death on July 26, 2021.


title: Metal Church

text: Then based in San Francisco, Kurdt Vanderhoof formed the band in 1980 with various musicians. This era included a brief audition period with future Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich. The three-song, instrumental "Red Skies" demo appeared in 1981, featuring Vanderhoof, guitarist Rick Condrin, bassist Steve Hott, and drummer Aaron Zimpel.


title: Metal Church

text: Vanderhoof returned to his hometown of Aberdeen in 1981 and began the new group Shrapnel with Craig Wells, Duke Erickson, drummer Tom Weber, and vocalist Mike Murphy. Murphy departed before their next demo, which was recorded without vocals, and Weber departed shortly thereafter. The enlistment of Kirk Arrington and David Wayne completed the group's classic lineup. They released the demo "Four Hymns" and spent following years touring and accruing material, readopting the Metal Church moniker in 1983. The song "Death Wish" is featured on the compilation album "Northwest Metalfest".


title: Metal Church

text: In 1984, they released their self-titled debut album, which included three songs from the "Four Hymns" demo and a cover of Deep Purple's "Highway Star". They sold 70,000 copies of the album independently before signing to Elektra. According to Wayne, Ulrich and Metallica bandmate James Hetfield urged Elektra to sign the band before another label did.


title: Metal Church

text: By the time Metal Church released their second studio album, "The Dark", in 1986, they were touring with high-profile acts like Metallica. "The Dark" was a commercial success, helped by the fact that the band's first music video, "Watch the Children Pray", received frequent airplay on MTV. As a result, the album managed to enter the "Billboard" 200, and saw Metal Church support the album with a world tour from October 1986 to July 1987, playing with bands like King Diamond, Celtic Frost, Testament, Overkill, D.R.I., Trouble and, individually, with each of the "" of thrash metal (Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax).


title: Metal Church

text: Shortly after the album's release, however, they were plagued by lineup changes: Vanderhoof ceased performing with the group in 1986, to be replaced briefly by Mark Baker and more extensively by John Marshall. Vanderhoof nonetheless continued to work with the group in composing thereafter, co-writing much of their subsequent material. Wayne also departed shortly thereafter and was replaced by former Heretic singer Mike Howe. Wayne teamed up with the remaining members of Heretic to form Reverend.


title: Metal Church

text: With Howe and Marshall, Metal Church released their third studio album, "Blessing in Disguise", in 1989. Critics responded favorably, including some assertions that the record was the group's strongest effort. "Blessing in Disguise" was even more successful than its predecessors, peaking at number 75 on the "Billboard" 200; this was Metal Church's highest chart position, until it was surpassed 27 years later by "XI". The album's success was attributed to the music video for "Badlands" getting airplay on MTV's "Headbangers Ball", and its opening track "Fake Healer" receiving some attention from mainstream radio stations, most notably KNAC and Z Rock; unlike "Badlands", however, no music video was released for "Fake Healer". After spending much of 1989 and 1990 touring heavily behind "Blessing in Disguise" (performing with numerous bands such as Metallica, W.A.S.P., Accept, Annihilator, Saxon, Meliah Rage, Forced Entry and D.B.C.), the band was dropped from Elektra.


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church released its fourth studio album, "The Human Factor", on Epic Records in 1991. Critics applauded the group for transitioning to a major label and successfully retaining the vitality of their sound, while also releasing a record with conceptual accessibility beyond the heavy metal genre. Unlike their previous two albums, however, "The Human Factor" failed to chart on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Metal Church

text: The band followed with their fifth studio album, 1993's "Hanging in the Balance" on Mercury Records. After touring almost non-stop in support of that album for about two years, Metal Church officially disbanded in 1996, citing management problems and poor record sales as factors.


title: Metal Church

text: The members of Metal Church began compiling their first live album in 1998, "Live", which featured songs from their first two records performed by their classic lineup. During the production of "Live", Wayne, Vanderhoof, Wells, Arrington, and Erickson decided to reform the band and began work on a new studio album. Wells was forced to depart the band due to familial obligations, however, and was replaced by the returning Marshall. The live album "Live in Japan" (recorded on the band's 1995 Japanese tour) was also released in 1998, only in Japan.


title: Metal Church

text: The resulting album, "Masterpeace", was released in 1999 on Nuclear Blast Records. Critics responded positively, hailing it as a focused product that increased the energy over previous releases, despite it ultimately failing to break new ground. Arrington and Erickson were unable to tour behind the record, so the band enlisted members of Vanderhoof's side projects, bassist Brian Lake and drummer Jeff Wade, for live performances later that year.


title: Metal Church

text: Wayne expressed regret regarding the record, which influenced his musical output that followed. He again departed in 2001 due to personal and creative differences, forming the group Wayne with Wells and releasing the curiously titled debut album "Metal Church" thereafter. Vanderhoof objected to the album's name and cover art; according to Wayne, the purpose of the album's name was to alert the audience of his involvement. Erickson and Marshall also ceased involvement with Metal Church after Wayne's departure.


title: Metal Church

text: Vanderhoof's eponymous band released "A Blur in Time" in 2002, and he began working on new material for Metal Church's next album thereafter. In 2003, he and Arrington recruited singer Ronny Munroe, ex-Malice guitarist Jay Reynolds, and bassist Steve Unger to form a new lineup of Metal Church. The band's seventh studio album, "The Weight of the World", was released in the following year. Critics generally reacted to the record with a lukewarm response, recognizing its accomplishments while noting its lack of consistency and innovation.


title: Metal Church

text: On May 10, 2005, David Wayne died of complications from injuries sustained in a car accident that occurred months before. He was 47 years old.


title: Metal Church

text: In 2006, Arrington left the band due to health complications with diabetes. His replacement was Jeff Plate, who previously worked with Savatage, Chris Caffery and the Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Later that year, the band released their eighth studio album, "A Light in the Dark", which featured a re-recording of "Watch the Children Pray" as a tribute to Wayne. Vanderhoof said that the tribute was a way of showing fans that he harbored no ill will towards Wayne despite the contentious situation that existed between them before Wayne's death.


title: Metal Church

text: Reynolds left the group in 2008 and was replaced by Rick Van Zandt. The band's ninth studio album, "This Present Wasteland", followed in 2008, which was hailed generally as an effective release consistent with their previous material. After subsequent touring, the band took a hiatus from performing due to Vanderhoof's back problems. They nonetheless continued studio work, while Munroe and Vanderhoof also completed the former's solo album.


title: Metal Church

text: After Vanderhoof's health improved, they returned to performing and composing new material. On July 7, 2009, however, the group announced unexpectedly that they were disbanding following a final performance at Rocklahoma two days later, cancelling numerous further live dates. They cited industry frustrations as a major factor influencing the decision. Several former members remained musically active, including Munroe and Vanderhoof in Presto Ballet and Plate in Machines of Grace.


title: Metal Church

text: In October 2012, the band announced resumption of activity around a lineup featuring Vanderhoof, Munroe, Unger, Reynolds (soon replaced by Van Zandt), and Plate. Their first performances came the following January during the 70,000 Tons of Metal event, a heavy metal cruise. During one of these two shows, the band performed their debut album, "Metal Church", in its entirety. Shortly thereafter, Vanderhoof told Music Life Radio that Metal Church had been working on a new album. In order to promote their tenth studio album, the band played festivals in the summer of 2013. The album, "Generation Nothing", was released in October.


title: Metal Church

text: Munroe left the band in September 2014 to "pursue other interests". The band announced its plans to continue nonetheless. On April 30, 2015, Metal Church announced on their Facebook page that former singer Mike Howe had rejoined the band, some 20 years after first leaving the band.


title: Metal Church

text: According to Howe, Metal Church was on the verge of disbanding once more before he agreed to rejoin the band. He explained to "Spotlight Report" in May 2016: "Kurdt Vanderhoof got ahold of me in August of 2014, and he proposed [me] coming back to the band. He said Ronny [Munroe] left the band and he didn't really wanna carry on with Metal Church unless maybe I would consider coming back. So I said, 'Well, I don't know. I'm open to it. But let's see what kind of music we can come up with.' So Kurdt went back to the studio and started writing songs in the vein of 'Hanging In The Balance', where we left off twenty years ago, and he sent them to me over the Internet. And I was, like, 'Damn! The guy still has it and he's doing great work.' So he sent me another batch, and that batch was just as good [as], if not better than, the other. So, from there, I said, 'Well, I can't say no to this. And let's just see how it goes.' And we started writing lyrics and getting together, and it's morphed into being back in Aberdeen in the studio making the new Metal Church record."


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church released their eleventh studio album, "XI", on March 25, 2016, and it was their first album with Howe on vocals since 1993's "Hanging in the Balance". Hailed by some critics as a comeback album, "XI" received positive reviews from critics, and was Metal Church's first album in 27 years (since "Blessing in Disguise") to enter the "Billboard" 200; the album peaked at number 57, making it the band's highest chart position in their career. On the album's supporting tour, guitarist Rick Van Zandt had to go in for emergency eye surgery to repair a detached retina, and was temporarily replaced by former Firewolfe guitarist Paul Kleff, and Savatage guitarist Chris Caffery. The band co-headlined a West Coast North American tour with Armored Saint in June 2016, and along with Amon Amarth, Suicidal Tendencies and Butcher Babies, they supported Megadeth on the latter's "Dystopia" tour in September–October 2016.


title: Metal Church

text: When asked in October 2016 if he intended write another album with Metal Church, Howe stated, "We have every intention of doing that and that's what it's all about. If you're not putting on new music, then it's time to go away for me. In Metal Church... it's always been like a two-year cycle band, but we put our album out this year in March. So our album is actually only being out for six months. But we have plans on this fall getting back to writing and try to put something out next year. We're also looking at some dates for the spring possibly back in the States and maybe back over here. But our drummer Jeff, he's also on the TSO. He leaves from the end of October through December. So we might take that time to start writing new record."


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church released a live album on April 28, 2017, titled "Classic Live", which was recorded on the 2016 "XI" tour. This is the band's first live album since 1998's "Live in Japan", and their first live album with Howe on vocals.


title: Metal Church

text: On March 21, 2017, drummer Jeff Plate announced his departure from Metal Church. As the result of his departure, the band withdrew from a U.S. tour with Alter Bridge and In Flames that was scheduled to take place in May 2017. Plate was replaced by former W.A.S.P. drummer Stet Howland.


title: Metal Church

text: In a May 2017 interview, Vanderhoof stated that Metal Church had begun writing and demoing their twelfth studio album, which would be tentatively due in early 2018.


title: Metal Church

text: On October 1, 2018, Metal Church teased an audio sample of a song from their twelfth studio album. The album, "Damned If You Do", was announced shortly after and it was released on December 7, 2018. In support of "Damned If You Do", Metal Church co-headlined a North American tour with Doro in April–May 2019, and performed at Megadeth's first-ever Megacruise that October.


title: Metal Church

text: In a July 2019 interview with Italy's Metalforce, Howe said that Metal Church would likely begin writing new material in 2020. Vanderhoof stated in an interview with Metal Wani in April 2020 that Metal Church would "probably start writing that later in the summer." He concluded, "We're gonna sit and we're gonna wait till there's a new album, and then we'll go out and do the normal promoting it or backing it up by touring and playing shows. But we're gonna wait till there's a new record."


title: Metal Church

text: Metal Church released their first compilation album "From the Vault" on April 10, 2020. It contains four new studio tracks, five B-side tracks from the "Damned If You Do" sessions, three song covers and two tracks culled from their performance at Club Citta in Kawasaki, Japan. The band stated on their Facebook page in July 2021 that their thirteenth studio album would be released in 2022.


title: Metal Church

text: On July 26, 2021, Metal Church announced that Howe had died that morning at his home in Eureka, California, at the age of 55. His death was ruled to be a suicide by hanging. In October 2021, after announcing the return of his short-lived early 1990s band Hall Aflame, Vanderhoof hinted on his Facebook page that Metal Church would continue on with a yet-to-be-announced replacement for Howe. A month later, drummer Stet Howland revealed that he and the remaining members of the band had started to "communicate again" following Howe's death. Although he did not specify the current state of Metal Church, Howland declared, "We're all slowly digesting. We just started talking again a few weeks ago, and we're barely talking about anything except making jokes, and we have our banter, we're starting to joke and communicated again together. Building on the future will come, but right now... we're just like hugging right now, we're all like 'I love you, man'. That's kind of where we're at. I know everybody wants to know more, when there's more you'll hear about it." By mid-2022, rumors suggested that Ronny Munroe would rejoin the band, but resulted in him joining Vicious Rumors.


title: Metal Church

text: In a September 2022 interview with Metal Rules, Vanderhoof revealed that the band has found a replacement for Howe, but added that they were "keeping a lid" on the identity of their new singer "for the time being." He also revealed that a new Metal Church album, which they had begun writing just before Howe's death, will be released in 2023. The band is scheduled to play one of their first shows in four years at Belgium's Alcatraz Open Air in August 2023.


title: Paul Avery

text: Paul Avery (born Paul Stuart Depew II) (April 2, 1934December 10, 2000) was an American journalist, best known for his reporting on the Northern California serial killer known as the Zodiac, and later for his work on the Patty Hearst kidnapping and trial. He worked for decades at the "San Francisco Chronicle" and the "Sacramento Bee".


title: Paul Avery

text: Avery was born Paul Stuart Depew in Honolulu, Hawaii Territory, the son of Paul Stuart Depew, Sr. (1905-1960), and Frances Quette Cannon (1911-1971). His parents divorced and his mother married Howard Malcom Avery, a U.S. Navy officer and pilot. He would later take his adopted father's surname. Avery was raised and educated in Honolulu, Oakland, California, and Washington, D.C. At 21, Avery started his career in journalism in 1955 at the "Vicksburg Post-Herald" (Vicksburg, Mississippi).


title: Paul Avery

text: He later worked at the "Victoria Advocate" (Victoria, Texas), the "Anchorage Daily Times" (Anchorage, Alaska), the "Honolulu Advertiser" (Honolulu, Hawaii), where he was appointed the paper's Big Island bureau chief at 23; and the "San Luis Obispo Telegram" (San Luis Obispo, California).


title: Paul Avery

text: In 1959 Avery joined the "San Francisco Chronicle". In the second half of the 1960s, Avery took a leave of absence from the "Chronicle" and moved with his family to Vietnam, where the United States was increasing its involvement in armed conflict. In Saigon, Avery co-founded Empire News, a freelance photojournalism organization. He expanded Empire News, opening a branch in Hong Kong, before returning to San Francisco in 1969, after three years in Asia.


title: Paul Avery

text: In the mid-1980s, after working for "The Sacramento Bee" and writing a book about the Patty Hearst kidnapping, he signed up with the then- Hearst-owned "San Francisco Examiner". He worked there until his retirement in August 1994.


title: Paul Avery

text: Avery received notice for his reportage on the Zodiac case, a series of killings that began in December 1968 and ostensibly ended with the death of a San Francisco cab driver in October 1969. At the time, Avery was a police reporter for the "San Francisco Chronicle".


title: Paul Avery

text: For a long time, investigators thought that the Zodiac's activities were limited to the Bay Area, but Avery discovered a 1966 murder in Riverside that he linked to the Zodiac.


title: Paul Avery

text: The Zodiac soon sent Avery (misspelled by the Zodiac as "Averly") a Halloween card, warning, "You are doomed." The front of the card read, "From your secret pal: I feel it in my bones/you ache to know my name/and so I'll clue you in..." Then inside: "But why spoil the game?" Just as quickly as the threat was made public, a fellow journalist made up hundreds of campaign-style buttons, worn by nearly everyone on "Chronicle" staff, including Avery, that said, "I Am Not Paul Avery." At this time Avery began carrying a .38 caliber revolver.


title: Paul Avery

text: When Patricia Hearst was kidnapped in February 1974, Avery joined forces with "Chronicle" reporter Tim Findley to produce a series of stories detailing the kidnapping and reporting about the members of the little-known band of revolutionaries who called themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA).


title: Paul Avery

text: Avery covered the Hearst case until the young heiress was arrested in September 1975. Avery holed up on his houseboat at Gate 5 in Sausalito with Boston writer Vin McLellan to write "The Voices of Guns", a book on the SLA and the Hearst kidnapping.


title: Paul Avery

text: Avery was diagnosed with emphysema, a progressive disease, but he continued working in crime and journalism until the end of his life. After joining "The Sacramento Bee" in 1976, he discovered that authorities had wrongly charged an innocent man with murder. He was instrumental in convincing detectives to drop the charges.


title: Paul Avery

text: While covering the war in Vietnam, Avery suffered a spinal fracture when a falling tree limb knocked him from atop an armored personnel carrier.


title: Paul Avery

text: Avery died of pulmonary emphysema in West Sound, Washington, on December 10, 2000. Avery's family scattered his ashes in the San Francisco Bay the following June.


title: Paul Avery

text: At the time of his death, Avery was married to Margo St. James, a feminist organizer and founder of the sex worker's rights group COYOTE (Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics). He has two daughters from an earlier marriage, Charlé Avery and Cristin Avery. He has a third daughter, Janet Anderson.


title: Paul Avery

text: Avery was portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. in the 2007 film "Zodiac." The film details the reporter's involvement in the Zodiac case, including his discovery of the connection of the 1966 Riverside murder to those in the Bay area, the threat on his life, and a fictionalized account of involvement with Robert Graysmith, a cartoonist who became an expert on the killer. It also explores Avery's eventual physical decline, including abuse of cocaine and alcohol. The film ends with a brief mention of his fatal illness and death. In 2010, his former colleague Lance Williams wrote that the movie "portrayed Avery as ruined by the Zodiac... That just wasn't true."


title: Paris, 13th District

text: Paris, 13th District () is a 2021 French drama film, directed and produced by Jacques Audiard, from a screenplay by Audiard, Céline Sciamma and Léa Mysius, loosely based on the short comic stories "Amber Sweet", and "Killing and Dying" from the book of the latter's name, and "Hawaiian Getaway" from the book "Summer Blonde", all by American cartoonist Adrian Tomine. It stars Lucie Zhang, Makita Samba, Jehnny Beth and Noémie Merlant.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: Émilie, a call center operator for a phone service provider, is living in an apartment in the Les Olympiades complex belonging to her terminally ill grandmother. Facing difficulties making rent, she places advertisements for a roommate, to which Camille, a teacher returning to university for his doctoral degree, responds. Émilie is initially hesitant to rent to a man, but the two quickly develop a sexual relationship. They each agree that they are uninterested in becoming partners, but Émilie develops feelings for Camille and becomes frustrated when he refuses to have sex with her one night. The next day, they decide to stop having sex, and Camille romantically pursues a co-worker. When he invites that co-worker over, Émilie goes to a party, takes MDMA, sleeps with a woman, and then has an anxiety attack after returning to her apartment and overhearing Camille having sex with his partner. Émilie takes her jealousy and frustration (having recently lost her job) out on Camille, who decides to move in with his partner.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: Attending the same university as Camille is Nora, a 33-year-old in the second year of her undergraduate law degree. She spent most of her early adulthood working for a real estate firm owned by her uncle by marriage, with whom she had a ten-year sexual relationship. Nora has few friends and finds it difficult to relate to her younger classmates. She impulsively buys a blonde wig and attends an energetic college party wearing the wig. At the party, she is mistaken for well-known camgirl Amber Sweet, who wears a similar wig, and is harassed by fellow students until she leaves the party. The next day, Nora is mocked by students in her class who think she is Amber; she drops out shortly afterwards.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: Needing a job, Nora applies for a position in a small real estate firm that happens to be managed by Camille, who has since broken up with his former co-worker and taken over the firm from a relative to supplement his income. Nora decides to set platonic boundaries between herself and Camille, but eventually falls in love with him, and they enter into a relationship. Camille re-establishes a prickly friendship with Émilie, who has since become a waiter. Camille asks Émilie for advice with his current relationship, but her love for him makes her unable to broach the subject. Meanwhile, Nora tracks Amber down and buys camming time with her to discuss the incident of mistaken identity. Over the course of many videochats, they become close friends.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: Nora and Camille's relationship becomes strained, and they eventually break up after a sexual encounter in which Nora dominates Camille. On the same night, Émilie's grandmother dies. When Émilie tells Camille that she feels unable to face her family at the funeral on the coming Sunday, Camille offers to attend with her. Émilie is angered by this offer and asks Camille to either attend the funeral (and thus commit to a relationship with her) or else cut contact with her. That Sunday, Nora and Amber meet in a park. Nora faints after greeting Amber, and then asks her to kiss her. In Les Olympiades, Émilie is preparing to attend the funeral alone when her apartment phone rings; it is Camille waiting for her. Émilie asks Camille to explain why he has come until Camille admits that he loves her. She then hangs up the phone to join Camille outside.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: In September 2020, it was announced Jacques Audiard would direct and produce the film, from a screenplay he wrote alongside Céline Sciamma


title: Paris, 13th District

text: In October 2020, Lucie Zhang, Makita Samba, Jehnny Beth and Noémie Merlant joined the cast of the film.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: In March 2021, IFC Films acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film with Curzon Artificial Eye acquiring the UK rights.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: "Paris, 13th District" had its world premiere at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival on 14 July. It will have its North American premiere at 2021 Toronto International Film Festival in September. On October 3, it will be the closing night film at Filmfest Hamburg. It is scheduled to be released in France on 3 November 2021.


title: Paris, 13th District

text: "Paris, 13th District" holds a 83% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 94 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.90/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Minor but engaging Audiard, "Paris, 13th District" explores millennial love through a visually compelling lens that's partly undercut by its episodic narrative structure." On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 78 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Roorkee

text: Roorkee (Rūṛkī) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Haridwar district of the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is from Haridwar city, the district headquarter. It is spread over a flat terrain under Sivalik Hills of Himalayas. The city is developed on the banks of Ganges Canal, its dominant feature, which flows from north–south through middle of the city. Roorkee is home to Asia's first engineering college Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, formerly known as Thomson College of Civil Engineering. Roorkee is also known for the Roorkee Cantonment, one of the country's oldest military establishments and the headquarters of Bengal Engineer Group since 1853. A freight train ran in between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar on 22 December 1851, this was two years before first passenger trains were started between Bombay and Thana in 1853 and 14 years after first freight trains ran in Chennai in 1837.


title: Roorkee

text: Roorkee is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under the sarkar of Saharanpur, producing a revenue of 12,234 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 1200 infantry and 125 cavalry.


title: Roorkee

text: After that it was a part of Landhaura Princely State of Pawaar Gurjar's till 1824 when the Britishers occupied it by defeating the First Freedom Fighter Vijay Singh.


title: Roorkee

text: Before 1840, the city was a tiny hamlet consisting of mud huts on the banks of the Solani rivulet. Digging work on the Upper Ganges Canal formally began in April 1842, under the aegis of Proby Cautley, a British officer. Local works were designed and overseen by the engineer Thomas Login. Soon, Roorkee developed into a town. The canal, which was formally opened on 8 April 1854, provided irrigation waters for more than in 5,000 villages.


title: Roorkee

text: Col. P.T. Cautley, an officer in the British Army, was most instrumental in constructing the canal. According to Dept. of Hydrology the canal, which is still considered as a marvel of engineering, was built in 1853. However, water was released in the canal on 8 April 1854.


title: Roorkee

text: To look after the maintenance of the canal, the Canal Workshop and Iron Foundry were established in 1843 on the civil lines on the canal bank which is known as the Irrigation workshop nowadays. This was followed by the establishment of Civil Engineering School; classes started in 1845 to train local youth to assist in the civil-engineering work of the Upper Ganges Canal. This was to become the first engineering college established in India. On 25 November 1847, the college was formally constituted through a proposal by the Sir James Thomason, Lt. Governor of North-Western Province (1843–53). After his death in 1853, the college was rechristened as Thomason College of Civil Engineering. The college later upgraded to University of Roorkee in 1949; on 21 September 2001, through an Act of parliament, it was made one of the Indian Institutes of Technology, IIT Roorkee. In 1853 Bengal Sappers and Miners were stationed here which provided a controlling influence during the 1857 uprising. Other important events in the history of Roorkee include that under the Post Office Act of 1866, it was among the first few towns to have a post office and first telegraph office in the district. Now Roorkee has a General Post Office (GPO) and a number of post offices located in Roorkee City and Cantt. In 1886, Roorkee was placed on the Railway map of India. In 1907, first provincial trunk road Meerut-Roorkee-Dehradun was constructed. In 1920, Roorkee became the first town in Uttar Pradesh to have Hydroelectricity.


title: Roorkee

text: India's first aqueduct was constructed over the Solani river, near Roorkee, part of the Ganges Canal project, which itself was India's first irrigation work in North India, started by the British. In 1851, the Solani Aqueduct Railway was built by Proby Cautley in Roorkee to transport construction materials for Ganges canal. It was operated by the Bengal Sappers. A steam engine, "Jenny Lind", (specially shipped from England moved on rails in India), pulling a freight train ran in Roorkee on 22 December 1851, between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar, from the city, two years before first passenger trains were started between Bombay and Thana in 1853 and 14 years after first freight trains ran in Chennai in 1837. A replica of what the locomotive is thought to have looked like is exhibited at Roorkee Railway Station.


title: Roorkee

text: The municipality of Roorkee was created in 1868. Now it is a Municipal Corporation. It had been home to the Bengal Sappers and Miners since 1853, and two artillery units were stationed there. Today, the Roorkee Cantonment has a large army base. The Bengal Engineering Group and Centre (BEG&C), are still there today.


title: Roorkee

text: In 1901, when the city had a population of 17,197, it was made headquarters of the Roorkee Tehsil, in Saharanpur district of the United Province of the British Raj; the tehsil included in it 426 villages (of the "parganas" of Jwalapur, Manglaur and Bhagwanpur) and six towns, most important among them being Haridwar and Manglaur. The Old Cemetery in the city is a protected monument, by the Archaeological Survey of India.


title: Roorkee

text: Roorkee is north of the Indian capital, New Delhi, between the rivers Ganges and Yamuna, close to the foothills of the Himalayas. It is 65 kilometres away from Dehradun (the capital of Uttarakhand), from Haridwar and away from Muzaffarnagar. Before the creation of Uttarakhand on 9 November 2000, Roorkee was a part of the state of Uttar Pradesh.


title: Roorkee

text: The city is located in the Roorkee plain which is composed of recent alluvium with a gentle slope. As per the census 2011, this region is spread over .


title: Roorkee

text: Roorkee has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen "Cwa"), typical of the northern Indo-Gangetic plain. There are three seasons. A sweltering, dry “hot” season begins in mid-March and extends until mid-June with steadily increasing humidity and discomfort. From mid-June until the end of September the southwest monsoon gives the “wet” season with a total of around of rainfall or about-four-fifths of the annual total. This monsoonal rain is accompanied by hot temperatures, very warm mornings, and extremely uncomfortable humidity. From early October the “cool” season begins as the monsoon retreats, featuring warm to very warm afternoons, cool mornings, and moderate humidity. Occasionally western disturbances between January and March will bring a little rainfall during this season, although the average total from October to March is only .


title: Roorkee

text: The Roorkee Tehsil is the most populous among the three Tehsils in the Haridwar District with 45% of its population categorized as urban. According to the 2011 census Roorkee city has a population of 345,00, within the area of 8.11 square kilometres. The average literacy rate of Roorkee is 89.48% The sex ratio of the town as-of 2011, is 863 for all age groups while between the age 0-6 it is 820.


title: Roorkee

text: For administrative purposes, the Roorkee city is part of the Haridwar district's Roorkee Tehsil. The city falls under the Roorkee Legislative Assembly constituency, which is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India.


title: Roorkee

text: The governance of Roorkee city is done by the Roorkee Municipal Coorporation (RMC) which comes under Roorkee Metropolitan Region. According to the 2011 census, the RMC covers an areas of with 1.84 lakh population. The RMC is administered through the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act 1959 which was adopted and amended by Uttarakhand. The act is administered by the Urban Development Department (UDD), Government of Uttarakhand.


title: Roorkee

text: The council is formed every five years through ward councillors's elections and it holds the highest authority within the Urban Local Body (ULB) to make decisions. The council is headed by a Mayor, who is elected by the Ward Councillors from 40 municipal wards. A Municipal Commissioner (MC) is appointed by the state who is responsible for the operations of the ULB. The RMC is responsible for city related civic services like cleanliness of the city, solid waste management, maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste, all storm water and wastewater drainage.


title: Roorkee

text: The RMC has 40 wards with a voter population of 14.05 lakh voters- split between nearly 7.26 lakh men and 6.79 lakh women voters. The major political parties which are active in the local elections are Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD), Janta Party (JP), Lok Dal (LKD) and Samajwadi Party (SP).


title: Roorkee

text: Roorkee is an industrial base of Haridwar district. It is partially industrialized. Its main industries are ship parts manufacture, surveying, drawing and mechanical instruments. It has a GDP of US$ 112 million.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; , ), or Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The Council proclaimed the Belarusian Democratic Republic independent in its Third Constituent Charter on 25 March 1918 during the occupation of contemporary Belarus by the Imperial German Army.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: The government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic never had power over the whole territory of Belarus. In 1919, it co-existed with an alternative Communist government of Belarus (the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia, which later became part of the Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), moving its seat of government to Vilnius and Grodno, but ceased to exist due to the capture of the whole Belarusian territory by Polish and Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia forces during the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: Currently, its government in exile, the Rada (Council) of the Belarusian Democratic Republic is the oldest still functioning government in exile.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In some historical documents, the "White Ruthenian Democratic Republic" phrase was used initially. In the current scholarship, "Belarusian Democratic Republic" and "Belarusian National Republic" names dominate. The Rada BNR uses the "Belarusian Democratic Republic" name. It also appears in the publications originating in Belarus. The "Belarusian People's Republic" appears in publications, however its use is comparatively limited, e.g. it does not appear in the titles of scholarly publications.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: After the 1917 February Revolution in Russia, active discussions started in Belarus about either gaining autonomy within the new Russian Republic or declaring independence. deputys of most Belarusian regions and of different political powers, including the Belarusian Socialist Assembly, the Christian democratic movement and the General Jewish Labour Bund, formed a Belarusian National Council in late 1917. The Council started working on establishing Belarusian governmental institutions. Both the Bolsheviks and Germans refused to recognize it and interfered in its activity. However, the Germans saw an independent Belarus as part of the implementation of their plan for buffer states within Mitteleuropa. The Bolsheviks had negotiations with the Belarusian Democratic Republic regarding an eventual recognition, but later decided instead to establish a pro-Soviet government of Belarus – the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: Parallel with negotiations that started between the Germans and Bolsheviks, the Belarusian Council started actively demanding recognition of autonomous status for Belarus, with continuing internal discussions on whether it should become an autonomous region within Russia or declare national independence.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: On 21 February 1918, the German army captured Minsk. 21 February, the Belarusian Council passed the First Constituent Charter declaring the council the only legitimate power on the territory of Belarus. Neither the occupying authorities, nor its government in Berlin, however, were interested in the idea of an independent Belarusian state.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: On 3 March, Germans and Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. On 6 March, the Belarusian Council passed the Second Charter declared the establishment of the Belarusian People's Republic. The Council became the provisional government of Belarus and was renamed the Council of the Belarusian People's Republic.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: On March 25, 1918, the All-Belarusian Congress proclaimed the independence of the Belarusian National Republic (Bielaruskaja Narodnaja Respublika, abbreviated as BNR). The Government of the BNR left Minsk in December 1918 for the Lithuanian Republic, and in spring 1919 went into exile.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In its Third Constituent Charter, the following territories were claimed for BNR: Mogilev Governorate (province), as well as Belarusian parts of Minsk Governorate, Grodno Governorate (including Belastok), Vilna Governorate, Vitebsk Governorate, and Smolensk Governorate, and parts of bordering governorates populated by Belarusians, rejecting the then split of the Belarusian lands between Germany and Russia. The areas were claimed because of a Belarusian majority or large minority (as in Grodno and Vilna Governorate), although there were also numbers of Lithuanians, Poles and people speaking mixed varieties of Belarusian, Lithuanian and Polish, as well as many Jews, mostly in towns and cities (in some towns they made up a majority). Some of the Jews spoke Russian as their native tongue; others spoke Yiddish.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: There were attempts to create regular armed forces of the newly established Belarusian People's Republic. Belarusian military units started to form within the disorganized Imperial Russian Army already in 1917.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: According to the historian Oleg Latyszonek, about 11,000 people, mostly volunteers, served in the Army of the Belarusian People's Republic.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: General Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz supported the Government of the People's Republic and openly positioned his army as a Belarusian national army.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: The major military action of the Army of the People's Republic was the Slutsk defence action in late 1920. The Council of the BNR, based at that time in Lithuania, sent officers to help organize armed anti-Bolshevik resistance in the town of Slutsk.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: During its short existence, the government of Belarus established close ties with the Ukrainian People's Republic, organized food supplies to Belarus from Ukraine and thereby prevented hunger in the country.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: Beginning in 1918, Anton Łuckievič, the prime minister of Belarus, met with Vladimir Lenin hoping to gain recognition for the independence of Belarus by Soviet Russia. The Belarusian delegation even proposed the creation of a federation with the RSFSR and the adoption of the Soviet Constitution in Belarus in exchange for Russia recognizing the independent status of Belarus, but Lenin did not agree to these proposals.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In 1919, a delegation of the Belarusian People's Republic under Prime Minister Anton Łuckievič participated in the Paris Peace Conference, attempting to gain international recognition of the independence of Belarus. On the way to the conference, the delegation was received by Czechoslovak president Tomáš Masaryk in Prague. During the conference, Łuckievič had meetings with the exiled foreign minister of Admiral Kolchak's Russian government Sergey Sazonov and the prime minister of Poland Ignacy Jan Paderewski.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In October 1919 the Belarusian People's Republic was officially recognized by Estonia and in December 1919 by Finland. On November 11, 1920, the Belarusian People's Republic signed a treaty with the government of Lithuania in which both states declared to recognize each other and to cooperate together.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: The government also managed to create between 150 and 350 schools and preparations for the creation of a university in Minsk were initiated.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: Being surrounded by more powerful neighbours and having no allies, the BNR quickly lost its war with the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and never became a real state with a constitution or defined territory.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In December 1918, the German army retreated from the territory of Belarus and the Red Army moved in to establish the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus. The Rada (Council) of the BNR moved to Grodno, the center of a semi-autonomous Belarusian region within the Republic of Lithuania. During the subsequent 1919–1920 Soviet-Polish War, the Rada went into exile and facilitated an anti-Communist struggle within the country during the 1920s.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In 1925, the exiled Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic (Rada BDR) discussed relinquishing its authority in favor of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic controlling the eastern part of Belarus. Despite many members of the democratic government advocating this idea, the proposal was not approved.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: During World War II, the Belarusian government-in-exile, based in Prague, refused to cooperate with Nazi Germany or with the Belarusian Central Rada, the pro-German puppet government and issued statements in support of the Western Allies.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: The advance of the Red Army in 1945 forced the BNR's Rada to relocate to the western part of Germany, occupied by British and American troops. In February 1948, the Rada passed a special manifesto, by which it declared its return to activity. In April 1948 the Rada, together with deputys of the Belarusian post-war refugees, held a conference in Osterhofen, Bavaria.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, similar governments-in-exile of the neighboring countries (Lithuania, Poland and others) handed back their mandates to the corresponding independent governments.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: Upon declaration of independence of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1990, it was stated then that the Rada was ready to hand its status to a democratically elected parliament of Belarus. The parliament of Belarus of that time had been elected under Soviet rule. However, these plans were dropped after president Alexander Lukashenko, elected in the 1994 presidential election, established an authoritarian regime accompanied by a return to Soviet policies in regards to Belarusian language and culture.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: The Rada BNR still exists as a government in exile and attempts to lobby for interests of the Belarusian diaspora in countries where it has its deputies.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: Since the late 1980s, March 25, the Independence Day of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, is widely celebrated by the Belarusian national democratic opposition as "Freedom Day" (). It is usually accompanied by mass opposition rallies in Minsk and by celebration events of the Belarusian diaspora organizations supporting the Belarusian government in exile.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: A national flag of three stripes — white-red-white — was adopted, as well as a state seal (Pahonia) based on an emblem of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.


title: Belarusian Democratic Republic

text: In 1998, Belarusian linguist and translator Siarhiej Šupa published a two-volume collection of BNR archives ("Архівы Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі. Менск-Вільня-Прага-Нью-Ёрк"). The total size of the two volumes is more than 1700 pages. Essentially these are the processed and re-organized documents from the Lithuanian archival fund #582 in Vilnius and they constitute roughly 60% of all the BNR official documents from 1918. Another 20% of BNR official documentation is located in the Minsk archives, and the fate of the remaining 20% is unknown.


title: Desiree Burch

text: Desiree Lea Burch (born 26 January 1979) is an American comedian, actor, television presenter, and voice actor. Originally from Diamond Bar, California, Burch has also lived in New York, Streatham, Croydon and Peckham, having moved to London to live with her boyfriend in 2014.


title: Desiree Burch

text: She won the Funny Women title in 2015 having completed an arduous series of gigs around the UK, she followed up this success with five-star reviews and a Fringe First Award for her one-woman, self written show, "Tar Baby" at the 2015 Edinburgh Fringe Festival.


title: Desiree Burch

text: Burch was born in Diamond Bar, California and attended Yale University where she earned a bachelor's degree majoring in Theatre Studies. After university, she moved to New York City where she became a founding member of the New York Neo-Futurists, and performed regularly as a stand-up comedian and actress on the New York comedy circuit.


title: Desiree Burch

text: In 2014 she moved to London, where she achieved wider acclaim in television following her win in the annual Funny Women competition in the following year, and Fringe First Award for her self written, one-woman show, "Tar Baby". She later became the founding Artistic Director of Degenerate Fox Theatre.


title: Desiree Burch

text: Burch has appeared on "Live at the Apollo", "Have I Got News for You", "QI", "The Mash Report", "The Russell Howard Hour", "The Fake News Show", "Chris Ramsey's Stand Up Central", "Frankie Boyle's New World Order", "Mock the Week", "American Autopsy" and "Richard Osman's House of Games". She also plays Pamela Winchell, the former Mayor of Night Vale and current Head of Emergency Press Conferences, in "Welcome to Night Vale". In 2021, Desiree Burch was set to co-star with Arnold Schwarzenegger in the Kartoon Channel series Superhero Kindergarten. Later that same year, she was in the Netflix movie A Castle for Christmas starring Brooke Shields and Cary Elwes.


title: Desiree Burch

text: Burch hosts "Flinch", a physical game show on Netflix, alongside Seann Walsh, and Lloyd Griffith, which debuted in May 2019.


title: Desiree Burch

text: "Desiree's Coming Early" was a 31-date UK tour in October and November 2019 with support from comedian Ingrid Dahle.


title: Desiree Burch

text: In May 2020 Burch appeared as a contestant in BBC’s "I'll Get This", in which participants play games during dinner to avoid paying the bill. In January 2021 she was a contestant on the BBC "Best Home Cook" show. Burch appeared on Series 12 of Channel 4's "Taskmaster" as a contestant.


title: Ashlyn Gere

text: Ashlyn Gere is an American pornographic film actress who has also performed in mainstream film and television, including appearances on the science fiction television series "The X-Files" and "". Gere is an inductee into the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.


title: Ashlyn Gere

text: Gere graduated from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas with a degree in Theatre Arts and Communications.


title: Ashlyn Gere

text: In the 1980s, Gere was billed as Kim McKamy in several B movie appearances such as "Evil Laugh" (1986) and "Creepozoids" (1987). She also worked as a body double in the films "Basic Instinct" (1992) and "Indecent Proposal" (1993).


title: Ashlyn Gere

text: As a pornographic film actress, Gere was one of the most popular stars of the 1990s, according to "Complex".


title: Ashlyn Gere

text: She was nominated for and won several major adult industry awards such as the FOXE, XRCO, and AVN Awards. In the latter half of the 90s, she slowed down on her adult video work and mainly toured as an exotic dancer.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Ahn Jung-hwan (Hangul: 안정환; Hanja: ; or ; born 27 January 1976) is a South Korean former football player and television personality. Ahn played for South Korea as a second striker and scored a total of three goals in two FIFA World Cups, including a golden goal against Italy. After his retirement as a footballer, he became an entertainer and a football commentator.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Ahn was selected for South Korean under-20 team for the 1994 AFC Youth Championship. Three years later, he also played the 1997 Summer Universiade for South Korean Universiade team, winning a silver medal.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: In 1998, Ahn started his professional career in a K League club Busan Daewoo Royals. He was selected as one of the K League Best XI in that year after showing great performance as soon as he went there. The next year, in 1999, he was named the K League Most Valuable Player by leading his team to finish as a runner-up in the K League.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: In 2000, Ahn joined Perugia on loan, becoming the first South Korean footballer to play in Italy's Serie A. However, he was ostracised by the team's captain Marco Materazzi and teammates. He made 30 appearances (including 13 starts) and five goals for two Serie A seasons in a racist environment. Afterwards, he was named in South Korean squad for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted by his country.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: In a group match against the United States, Ahn imitated a speed skater during his goal celebration after scoring the equaliser in order to protest the controversial disqualification of Korean short track speed skater Kim Dong-sung in the 1500 metres at the 2002 Winter Olympics, which allowed American Apolo Ohno to win the gold medal. During the round of 16 against Italy, Ahn missed a penalty, but later scored a golden goal in extra-time from a header that sent the South Koreans through to the quarter-finals.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: The next day, Perugia owner Luciano Gaucci cancelled his contract and was quoted as saying, "I have no intention of paying a salary to someone who has ruined Italian football" due to the fact of the controversial and arguable win of the South Korean side. Gaucci stated that his decision was not due to the goal, alleging comments by Ahn about the Italian nation. However, Gaucci later took back what he had said, and approved the £1.2 million option to sign Ahn on a permanent basis. Ahn rejected the offer of a three-year contract and refused to turn up for pre-season training despite Perugia claiming ownership of his registration, saying "I will no longer discuss my transfer to Perugia, who attacked my character instead of congratulating me for a goal in the World Cup." Busan Daewoo Royals also claimed that they had not been paid by Perugia. A number of European clubs were interested in Ahn, but gave up on him due to his conflict with Perugia. Finally, FIFA forced Perugia's hand by concluding Ahn had to pay Perugia $3.5 million to compensate for their damage in the transfer market, and so he contracted with a Japanese entertainment company, the Professional Management (PM), to pay off his debts. He spent his important period as a J1 League player and an entertainer for three years.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: After a successful spell in Japan, Ahn returned to Europe to play for French Ligue 1 team Metz in July 2005 and scored two goals in 16 outings. In January 2006, Ahn was invited to train with Blackburn Rovers but twice failed to show up, one of the dates being his birthday. In February, he secured a 17-month deal with a Bundesliga club MSV Duisburg to adapt to the environment of Germany, the host of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Ahn scored two goals in 12 outings, and his club was relegated from the Bundesliga. He was interested in a move to Heart of Midlothian of the Scottish Premier League, but it fell through.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Ahn was selected for the South Korean squad for the 2006 World Cup. He scored the winning goal after coming off the bench during the second half of the South Korean opening match, where they beat Togo 2–1. Thus, he became the Asian all-time scoring leader at the World Cup with three goals. He was released by Duisburg after the World Cup, and returned to South Korea, joining Suwon Samsung Bluewings on a one-year deal in January 2007.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Ahn scored a hat-trick in a game of the 2007 Korean League Cup against Daejeon Citizen. However, his poor performance became longer, and he was left out of the national team for the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: In 2008, Ahn returned to Busan IPark, formerly Busan Daewoo Royals. He steadily improved his game and overall performances and, for the first time in 22 months, was recalled to the national team for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifications match against Jordan.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: In March 2009, Ahn signed a three-month contract with Chinese Super League side Dalian Shide. He became the key player in the club and extended his contract to December 2010 with Dalian Shide in June, though J2 League club Oita Trinita had an intention to sign him. He was promoted to Dalian's captain in the 2010 season.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Ahn is sometimes called "The Lord of the Ring" by Korean fans. He married former Miss Korea Lee Hye-won in 2001 and got this nickname by kissing her ring after every goal he scores.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: Other than football, Ahn is noted for his model-like looks and has appeared in numerous make-up ads. The Korean media often states the similar facial appearance between the footballer and actor Cha In-pyo. Both view the statement as a compliment.


title: Ahn Jung-hwan

text: On 15 November 2021, Ahn founded the Matched Project (MCP) agency with Kim Young-man, Kim Sung-joo, and Jung Hyung-don.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Harvey Danger was an American alternative rock band that was formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1992 by journalism students at the University of Washington. The band rose to prominence in 1997 with the single "Flagpole Sitta", which was later used as the theme tune to the British sitcom "Peep Show". After recording two albums, they went on hiatus for a few years and returned with their third and final release in 2005. On August 29, 2009, the band played its final show at the Crocodile Cafe in Seattle.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Harvey Danger began in 1992 with University of Washington classmates Jeff Lin and Aaron Huffman deciding "it might be fun to start a band." Huffman and Lin, who were both student journalists on the staff of "The Daily of the University of Washington" student newspaper, took the name "Harvey Danger" from a phrase graffitied onto the wall of the newspaper's office. Lin and Huffman played house parties and bars as a duo under the Harvey Danger name until 1993, when they invited Evan Sult to be their drummer. Despite his complete lack of drumming experience, Sult agreed, bringing along his own similarly inexperienced classmate Sean Nelson. Nelson was also a colleague of Lin and Huffman at "The Daily"'s arts and entertainment section "The Glass Onion".


title: Harvey Danger

text: The foursome played their first show on April 21, 1994 at the now-defunct Lake Union Pub; Sult and Nelson, both under 21, were only permitted entry during the set. That summer, the band moved into Nelson's student house together and began holding band practices in the basement. The band had little money and their drum set for their first few shows consisted of nothing more than a laundry bucket, three hubcaps, and a jar of pickles. More shows at the Lake Union Pub and other low-rent Seattle clubs followed, leading to exposure in "The Seattle Times".


title: Harvey Danger

text: As the band began playing more shows at increasingly reputable venues, their songwriting gained momentum. In 1994, the band produced a six-song demo tape, sold at shows for $3. When three-quarters of the group became unemployed in 1996, they decided to devote yet more attention to the band, moving to another house and renting a rehearsal space. Their shows continued to improve, and the band became regular weekend performers at the Crocodile Cafe.


title: Harvey Danger

text: The band recorded a three-track demo tape with producer John Goodmanson, which failed to draw attention from major labels, but found its way to Greg Glover, a London Records intern who ran his own small label, The Arena Rock Recording Company, Glover expressed interest in releasing a 7" single, and Harvey Danger provided him with an additional three songs—including "Flagpole Sitta"—also recorded with Goodmanson. On the strength of these, Glover agreed to bankroll a full-length album.


title: Harvey Danger

text: In 1996, shortly before the band's national success, Nelson was hired as a reporter for "The Stranger" newspaper in Seattle. Nelson opted to balance his journalism and music careers, and he continues to write and edit for the newspaper to the present day.


title: Harvey Danger

text: "Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone?" was released July 29, 1997, to local critical acclaim. The record performed well on college radio charts, and it sold steadily in Seattle and New York, among other cities. Influential L.A. radio station KROQ-FM picked the track up, and stations across the country shortly followed suit. When Greg Glover of The Arena Rock Recording Company was hired at Slash Records, a subsidiary of London Recordings, Harvey Danger were signed to the label. "Flagpole Sitta" made "Billboard" magazine's Top 40 and appeared in a number of films and television shows. Its video got heavy rotation on MTV and VH1. The song also became famous globally as one of the most memorable songs featured in the film "American Pie", despite not being on the official retail soundtrack. It also appeared in the movie "Disturbing Behavior" and its trailer. More recently, the song was used as the opening theme to the British sitcom "Peep Show" for the second series and onwards.


title: Harvey Danger

text: By late 1997, however, the band felt as though the record had lost its momentum and the group began to contemplate breaking up. Shortly before taking January 1998 off to contemplate their future, Nelson gave a copy of "Merrymakers" to KNDD DJ Marco Collins. Within weeks, "Flagpole Sitta" had become KNDD's most-requested song. The band toured extensively from March through December 1998, playing headlining and support gigs with some of the most popular artists of the year and appearing at many radio festivals. The band had wanted to release the song "Carlotta Valdez" as the follow-up single to "Flagpole Sitta", but they were overruled by Slash Records, who released "Private Helicopter" as a single instead in the fall of 1998. The single received lukewarm reception and did not reach any "Billboard" music chart. In December 1998, Harvey Danger began writing songs for their follow-up album.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Harvey Danger began production of their second album in March 1999 at Albert Grossman's Bearsville Studios, near Woodstock, New York. Slash/London was unusually uninvolved in the recording process, a harbinger of what was to come. After three weeks of recording at Bearsville and several more weeks of recording and mixing in Seattle and Los Angeles, the band submitted the record, "King James Version", to their label, and waited. What the band refers to as "elaborate corporate reshuffling" began almost immediately after they finished their album: mergers and acquisitions among record labels left them and their record in limbo for over a year, not knowing to whom they were signed, nor when "KJV" would be released.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Attempts to release the album on then-fledgling indie label Barsuk Records fell through due to legal complications, a tour with The Pretenders fell through due to lack of label support, and, just when the band was about to give up, newly reorganized London-Sire Records released "King James Version" on September 12, 2000. Reviews were strong, but buzz was almost nonexistent: sales of the album were slow, and the single "Sad Sweetheart of the Rodeo" performed poorly on radio and MTV. For the album's supporting tour, Nevada Bachelors guitarist Mike Squires was added as the group's live guitarist as well as The Western State Hurricanes founder John Roderick on keyboard. Roderick would later fill in on bass when Huffman fell ill, days before a performance on "The Late Late Show" with Craig Kilborn.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Harvey Danger played a "final" show in Portland on April 21, 2001, seven years to the day after their first show, and quietly disbanded for an undetermined period.


title: Harvey Danger

text: During the hiatus Jeff Lin returned to school, Evan Sult relocated to Chicago and joined the band Bound Stems and Aaron Huffman formed the group Love Hotel. Sean Nelson recorded and toured with The Long Winters, the group formed by former Harvey Danger live member John Roderick, and worked on solo material, sometimes with Lin and Huffman (actually recording several unreleased songs, among them covers of songs written by Harry Nilsson for a future release entitled "Nelson Sings Nilsson"). He wrote for the weekly alternative Seattle newspaper, "The Stranger"; and became a partner in Barsuk Records and a DJ for Seattle's KEXP-FM. The idea of reforming Harvey Danger was raised several times, but rejected.


title: Harvey Danger

text: In 2004, Nelson, Huffman, and Lin entered a studio together for the first time in three years to record two new song ideas, with Nada Surf's Ira Elliot accompanying on drums. The session went so well that the trio agreed to begin writing music together—with "no strings attached." Sult, busy in Chicago, was unable to return, but sent his blessing for Harvey Danger's reincarnation.


title: Harvey Danger

text: April 21, 2004, saw both the tenth anniversary of Harvey Danger and their first show since 2001, in Seattle. With Nada Surf opening and Elliot again filling in on drums, the show also previewed songs that would be part of the new album: "Moral Centralia," "Wine, Women, and Song," and "War Buddies." The band recruited Seattle-based drummer Michael Welke, formalized their return as a band, and performed with their new lineup at the Bumbershoot Festival in Seattle in the summer of 2004. The year ended with the self-release of a five-song EP, "Sometimes You Have to Work on Christmas (Sometimes)".


title: Harvey Danger

text: In February 2005, Harvey Danger entered Robert Lang Studios to record their third album. Joining them again was Goodmanson, accompanied by Steve Fisk. The recording process ran smoothly, and "Little by Little..." was released on September 13, 2005, five years and one day after "King James Version".


title: Harvey Danger

text: Citing "a long-held sense that the practice now being demonized by the music biz as 'illegal' file sharing can be a friend to the independent musician," Harvey Danger released their third album, "Little by Little...", as a free download via BitTorrent a week after its release, and directly from the band's website a week after that. Within two months of release, the album had been downloaded 100,000 times, while the first pressing of physical copies (packaged with a disc of bonus material) had nearly sold out.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Reviews of the album were mixed. Pitchfork Media gave the album 6.9 (of a possible 10); AllMusic granted 3.5 (of a possible 5); PopMatters wrote: "If "Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone" is a rebellious kid kicking over trashcans in his neighborhood, then "Little by Little" seems to be that kid all grown up, taking out the trash, putting the lid on tightly, getting in his Jetta, and driving to work." Treble.com wrote: "Little by Little is one of the most pleasantly surprising albums of the year and one that truly displays the intricate and clever songwriting of a band in its prime." Threeimaginarygirls.com said: "Little By Little... deals with complex issues like politics, religion, and relationships on an intelligent level that's both challenging and accessible." The album's first single, "Cream and Bastards Rise," made Rolling Stone's "Hot List." It was also released as a downloadable song for the "Rock Band" video game series on October 7, 2008.


title: Harvey Danger

text: On July 25, 2006, Olympia-based label Kill Rock Stars re-released "Little by Little..." with a slightly altered track listing (songs on the bonus disc and main album swapped places). This release was much more widely available, and the band set out on its first national tour in five years in support of the album. On October 10, 2006, Barsuk Records released "Little Round Mirrors" as a maxi-single/EP with four B-sides.


title: Harvey Danger

text: On May 28, 2009, the band announced, "After 15 years, three albums, hundreds of shows, and far more twists and turns than we ever imagined possible, we've decided to put Harvey Danger to rest. The decision is totally mutual and utterly amicable." Harvey Danger played eight farewell shows in August, the last three of them in Seattle. The band closed with the last song it wrote, "The Show Must Not Go On".


title: Harvey Danger

text: In 2011, Harvey Danger released "The Dead Sea Scrolls" B-side collection and final single "The Show Must Not Go On" for free on their website.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Since the band's breakup, Nelson has continued to write and edit for "The Stranger" alternative weekly newspaper, which he had done for most of the duration of the band's career. As of 2016, he is the publication's arts editor and music critic. Huffman also worked for the newspaper as an art director.


title: Harvey Danger

text: "Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone?" was released on vinyl for the first time on July 29, 2014, by the independent label No Sleep Records. The packaging for the "Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone?" re-issue LP will feature new artwork, designed by Huffman, Sult and Nelson, using the iconic house from the original cover art now updated to reflect the passage of time, now surrounded by freeways and skyscrapers.


title: Harvey Danger

text: Founding bassist Aaron Huffman died of respiratory failure due to cystic fibrosis on March 6, 2016, at age 43. His death was reported in "The Stranger" by Nelson.


title: National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)

text: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is an athletics association of ten private colleges and universities in Metro Manila, Philippines. Established in 1924, it is the oldest collegiate athletic association in the country. The Philippine NCAA is not affiliated with the NCAA of the United States.


text: Its current members are Arellano University, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde, Emilio Aguinaldo College, José Rizal University, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Mapúa University, San Beda University, San Sebastian College – Recoletos, and the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA.


text: The Policy Board and the Management Committee handles the affairs of the league. The Board and the committee are composed of representatives of the ten member schools, and determine the acceptance and suspension of member schools, game reversals and replays, and other official actions.


text: During the nearly yearlong season from June to March, each school participates in 11 sports; each sport is conducted in two divisions: the Juniors for male high-school students, and the Seniors for college students. There are male and female Seniors divisions for some events. The Juniors and Seniors divisions each award a General Championship trophy at the end of the academic year to the school which had the best performance in all sports, based on the total number of points scored in a Championship tally.


text: The current president of the Policy Board is Dr. Jose Paulo Campos  the Emilio Aguinaldo College, while the Management Committee is headed by Peter Cayco of Arellano University.


text: Rivalries developed in the hotly contested basketball event. These rivalries resulted in brawls among fans of member schools. Some brawls were full-blown that several schools decided to withdraw from the league. The NCAA authorities took measures to prevent brawls, such as the segregation of supporters of opposing schools in the playing venues. With the withdrawal of member schools came the admission of new members into the league. In season 2006–07, the league contemplated an expansion by establishing a Division II. After season 2008–09, PCU took an indefinite leave of absence after it was discovered that several high school players used spurious documents to enroll in the school. As a result, the league had only seven members in season 2009–10. Two schools (Arellano Chiefs and EAC Generals), were welcomed as probationary members in season 2010–11. In season 2011–12, the league welcomed the Lyceum Pirates as a guest team. In the 2013–14 season, Arellano was promoted to regular membership after four years in probation, while EAC and Lyceum remained in probationary membership. And in the 91st season of the league, the two probationary schools (EAC and LPU) was upgraded into regular members.


text: The number and composition of NCAA members has changed over the years. The association is currently composed of the following colleges and universities, with their corresponding team names, affiliation, and year of admission.


text: The Policy Board, composed of the presidents of member schools, manages the NCAA's external and internal affairs. It handles matters such as acceptance, replacement, and suspension of member schools. The NCAA presidency rotates among member schools.


text: The other main administrative body in the NCAA is the Management Committee (MANCOM), which determines matters of athletic concern, such as determining the proper conditions for playing, suspension of players, coaches, and referees, reversal or review of game results, and investigation of ineligible players. The Management Committee is composed of the athletics moderators (or athletic directors) of the member schools, who are selected by their respective university presidents, and the league chairperson, who is selected by the Policy Board. Like the league president, the chair of the Management Committee rotates among member schools.


text: The president of the Policy Board and the chairperson of the Management committee come from the school currently hosting the basketball tournament. The rotation is determined by the order of when each school joined the league. For the 2019–2020 season, the host will be Arellano University.


text: The host school manages the logistics, expenses, labor and security in the venues. Each sport has its own host, with the host for basketball being the head of all hosts.


text: The NCAA sponsors thirteen (juniors) and fourteen (seniors) sports, which are divided into two divisions: the Juniors division for high school students and the Seniors division for college students. There are male and female Seniors divisions for some events.


text: Each member college or university has an affiliated high school that competes in the Juniors division. For example, San Beda University's affiliated high school is its campus at Taytay, Rizal, while Colegio de San Juan de Letran's high school is found within its college campus at Intramuros. While these two high schools are integrated within their colleges, De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde is not directly connected with its high school affiliate, La Salle Green Hills (LSGH), except that they are both administered by the Lasallian Brothers. As a result, DLSU-CSB labels "St. Benilde" instead of "La Salle" on their jerseys.


text: The NCAA sponsors the following sports for Juniors and Seniors: basketball, soccer, poomsae, swimming, taekwondo, track and field, chess, tennis (lawn and soft), table tennis, badminton, volleyball, and beach volleyball. The last three sporting events have a women's division.


text: In the 87th season of the NCAA, cheerleading has been upgraded to a "regular sport" which means it will contribute points in the overall championship race. In the 91st season of the league, poomsae was added as a "demonstration sport" being part of the taekwondo event.


text: The General Champion for the each division in an academic year is determined by a points system similar to the one used in Formula One, where the school with the highest accumulated score from all events in a division wins the General Championship. A championship in an event entitles a school with 40 points, the second placer 30, up to eighth place, with five points. For an example, see the tabulation of points for Season 84.


text: Currently, the De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde, San Beda University and Arellano University compete in all Seniors' sports, while La Salle Green Hills, San Beda College-Rizal and University of Perpetual Help System DALTA participates in all Juniors' sports.


text: The NCAA was founded in 1924 on the initiative of Dr. Regino R. Ylanan, a physical education professor of the University of the Philippines (UP). The original members were the Ateneo de Manila, De La Salle College, Institute of Accounts (now as Far Eastern University), National University (NU), San Beda College (SBC), the University of Manila, the University of the Philippines, and the University of Santo Tomas (UST).


text: The decision of the board of directors to file papers of incorporation with the then Bureau of Commerce in 1930 led to protests from the University of the Philippines, which was the only public institution among member schools, saying that it would lead to commercialization. National University and the University of Santo Tomas sided with the University of the Philippines on the matter. This led into the formation, via an Article of Agreement, of a triangular meet among NU, UP and UST, with the Board of Control's condition that NCAA events should take precedence. The league established came to be known as the "Big Three," and in 1932, the Article of Agreement was renewed.


text: In 1936, the University of the Philippines and University of Santo Tomas withdrew permanently from the NCAA and continued with their own league, while Far Eastern University (FEU) withdrew on its own. Six schools remained in the league and became known as the "old-timer six" – Ateneo de Manila, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, De La Salle College, José Rizal College, Mapúa Institute of Technology and San Beda College. Also in 1936, league's basketball games were transferred to the newly completed Rizal Memorial Coliseum, owing to its accessibility among the schools, since most schools were in Manila.


text: In 1938, Far Eastern University, National University, the University of the Philippines and the University of Santo Tomas formed the University Athletic Association of the Philippines, a rival intercollegiate league.


text: The NCAA experienced a golden age during the postwar years. The Loyola Center at the Ateneo campus became the new home of the league. Due to the home court advantage of the Ateneo, Blue Eagles' games were held on the old Rizal Memorial.


text: The 1950s will be known in the annals of history as one of the best decades of the NCAA. The start of the decade was the glory year of the fabled Letran Murder Inc. Eventually, it will be the Ateneo de Manila Blue Eagles and San Beda Red Lions who would be locking horns during the fabled era.


text: The decade produced legendary collegiate players like Carlos Loyzaga (San Beda), Lauro "the Fox" Mumar (Letran), and Frankie Rabat (Ateneo) among others.


text: The 1950s was also known as the decade of the Crispulo Zamora Cup. The Crispulo Zamora Cup was the trophy to be awarded by the NCAA for the first team to get three championship crowns.


text: The Letran Knights started with their 1950 campaign bannering their legendary Murder Inc. However, they lost steam when San Beda and Ateneo traded championships thereafter. San Beda won the crown in 1951 and the 1952 season. Ateneo stopped San Beda in 1953 and secured the 1954 championship. The 1955 season was the deciding year for the Crispulo Zamora Cup which San Beda eventually won.


text: In the post Zamora Cup era, La Salle made their own statement by winning the crown in 1956. Still, Ateneo was undaunted and secured the 1957 and 1958 trophy. A third straight post-Zamora crown was only foiled by San Beda in 1959 ending the legendary decade of the 1950s.


text: NCAA basketball champions formed the core of the Filipino team sent to international competitions during 1960 and 1961 in Japan. The opening of the Araneta Coliseum, the largest indoor arena in the Philippines, prompted the league to transfer the championship round there.


text: By the 1960s, the league experienced problems such as eligibility of players and interscholastic hooliganism. This led to disagreements among member schools, and as a result the 1962–63 season was suspended, and the following two seasons were held in a loose conference format, where the home and away system was used. San Sebastian College - Recoletos joined the league in 1969. Trinity College of Quezon City also joined in 1974, the league's golden anniversary, according to newspapers and other publications of that year. (However, the NCAA's official website states that Trinity joined the league in 1985; see next section.)


text: After the riotous games of the late 1970s, several of the founding members left the league. The Ateneo de Manila University left the league in 1978 due to violence, which also marred a championship series with San Beda, while La Salle left after a riotous game with Letran in 1980. Ateneo de Manila was accepted in the UAAP in 1978, while La Salle had to wait for six years to become a UAAP member. San Beda left the league in 1983, reasoning that the college focused on school-based sports activities like intramurals.


text: With the withdrawal of Ateneo de Manila, league games returned to the old Rizal Memorial and to the PhilSports Arena, since the Loyola Center was now the location of the UAAP tournament. Also with the withdrawal of the three founding members, most daily publications tagged the NCAA as "an ironic journey from sports to violence."


text: As the league was reduced to four members, new membership was actively pursued. Perpetual Help College of Rizal was accepted as a member in 1984. A year later, Trinity College of Quezon City finally was accepted as a full member after being a probationary member for more than a decade, according to publications of that period). However, Trinity was not able to meet league requirements and was dropped from the league in 1986, the same year San Beda returned (despite sports articles in newspapers that year stating Trinity voluntarily left the league).


text: Measures were taken to prevent major brawls from starting such as the patrolling by the respective faculties of the member schools, to control the behavior of the crowd were implemented as part of the remedy to ensure the security during the NCAA games.


text: The addition of Philippine Christian University and De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde in the late 1990s brought the league membership to eight schools .


text: Television coverage of NCAA basketball games was discontinued in the 1980s and 1990s by the TV networks due to the bad image of the League and frequent brawls during games. After several years of non television coverage of NCAA basketball games, television coverage was resumed by Vintage Television in 1998. The majority of the basketball games were aired live on IBC 13 until 1999. In 2000, the league switched the TV coverage from Vintage to the MCI group and games aired on People's Television Network but which aired only a single game of each playing day until the NCAA games were produced by Silverstar Sports in 2001.


text: A major breakthrough occurred when the league, upon the initiative of host school San Beda, made a move that switched the television coverage of NCAA games from MCI group to ABS-CBN on March 18, 2002. Previously, only the Final Four and the Championship games were televised, but with the five-year contract inked with ABS-CBN, a majority of the elimination round basketball games were also aired, giving the league bigger exposure to fans, students and alumni. ABS-CBN would later air the games on its international affiliate, The Filipino Channel, making the games viewable to alumni and fans abroad.


text: The NCAA has set its plan of expansion. Division II, as it will be called, will be composed of newly admitted schools. The league has already visited and issued invitations to schools such as Arellano University, Emilio Aguinaldo College and the Lyceum of the Philippines University.


text: In 1998, the affiliated schools in the Calabarzon region and southern Metro Manila established NCAA South, an offshoot of the league. The schools of NCAA South do not compete with the schools in the main league.


text: The return of a Mapúa Juniors team, which took a leave of absence beginning NCAA Season 81 (2005–06) was scheduled in NCAA Season 83 (2007–08). Malayan High School will represent the Mapúa Institute of Technology in the Juniors Division of the NCAA. This newly established High School would only be fully operational by school year 2007–08. However, the scheduled return of the Mapua Junior varsity team in NCAA Season 83 (2007–08), did not materialize and instead it resumed participation in NCAA Season 84 (2008–09).