title: SMU Mustangs football

text: The Mustangs struggled for 20 years to recover from the effects of the scandal. Coach Gregg compiled a 3–19 record in his two seasons. He moved on to be the SMU Athletic Director from 1990 through 1994. The program's chances of ever recovering were likely ruined by the collapse of the Southwest Conference after the 1995 season; SMU wound up in the WAC and later in Conference USA.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: The Mustangs had three more head coaches and only one winning season through the completion of the 2007 season.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: In 2008 SMU hired Steve Orsini away from the University of Central Florida (UCF) to be the SMU Athletic Director. Orsini then hired June Jones from the University of Hawai'i to be the team's new head coach at SMU and the 5th coach in the post-death penalty time since 1989. In Jones' first season at SMU, the team had a 1–11 record.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: In 2009, Coach Jones' second season at SMU, the Mustangs had a turnaround season, compiling an improved regular season record of 7–5. Although finishing unranked in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings, SMU was invited to its first bowl game in 25 years, defeating the unranked Nevada Wolf Pack with a final score of 45–10 in the 2009 Hawai'i Bowl, the team's first bowl win since 1984.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: In 2010, the Mustangs again compiled a regular season record of 7–5, with a 6–2 in-conference record to earn their first chance at winning a conference title in 26 years, securing a berth in the Conference USA Championship game. SMU lost the conference title game, 17–7, against UCF. Once again unranked in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings, SMU was invited to its second consecutive bowl game, the 2010 Armed Forces Bowl, where it lost against the unranked Army Black Knights.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: Following Texas A&M's move to the SEC in August and September 2011, SMU made it known that they would like to replace Texas A&M in the Big 12. SMU's interest in the Big 12 was never reciprocated, and the Big 12 instead added TCU and West Virginia University.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: SMU went on to win back-to-back bowl games in the 2012 BBVA Compass Bowl (for the 2011 season) and 2012 Hawaii Bowl. SMU ended the Jones Era in 2014 the way it began: with a 1–11 season. The Mustangs won the last game of the season against the University of Connecticut on December 6, 2014.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: SMU hired Clemson offensive coordinator Chad Morris as head coach and announced his placement on December 1, 2014. His first season resulted in a 2–10 record, a slight improvement from the 2014 season. SMU continued to improve in Morris' second season, finishing 5–7. In his 3rd season, Morris was able to lead the Mustangs to bowl eligibility and a 7–5 record in 2017. However, Morris accepted the head coaching position at Arkansas in the weeks prior to the bowl game, and SMU was forced to move quickly to hire a new football coach in light of the approaching bowl game.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: Sonny Dykes was hired as the new football coach of SMU on December 11, 2017. The Mustangs were defeated by Louisiana Tech 51–10 in the DXL Frisco Bowl.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: In the 2019 season, the Mustangs got off to an 8–0 start. On September 21, they defeated cross-town rival TCU. On September 29, the Mustangs were ranked in the AP top 25 for the first time since October 25, 1986.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: Rhett Lashlee returned to SMU as Head Football Coach on Nov. 29, 2021. Lashlee previously served as offensive coordinator for the Mustangs, including during the record-setting 2019 season.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: SMU has won three national championships from NCAA-designated major selectors. SMU claims all three championships.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: The rivalry with TCU is the most intense one for both schools. The respective campuses are located 40 miles apart in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The SMU-TCU rivalries go for all sports as well as recruiting students from the DFW area, as SMU and TCU are the two top schools in the region in academics and sports. The teams have played all but seven years since their first meeting in 1915. They did not face each other in 1919, 1920, 1925, 1987, 1988, 2006, or 2020.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: TCU and SMU fans began the tradition back in 1946. During pre-game festivities, an SMU fan was frying frog legs as a joke before the game. A TCU fan, seeing this desecration of the "frog", went over and told him that eating the frog legs was going well beyond the rivalry and that they should let the game decide who would get the skillet and the frog legs. TCU won the game, and the skillet and frog legs went to TCU. The tradition eventually spilled over into the actual game, and the Iron Skillet is now passed to the winner.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: Nicknamed the "Safeway Bowl", the rivalry between SMU and North Texas is the most one-sided rivalry for the Mustangs. Its name is derived from a challenge from then North Texas head coach Matt Simon issued in 1994 after a two-year break in the series, stating "I'd like to play because I think we could beat them, and my players feel the same way. If they'd like to play on a Safeway parking lot ... just give us a date and time." North Texas generally considers SMU its biggest rival, but SMU downplays North Texas as a real rival. SMU and North Texas are located about 40 miles apart in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: The schools have played on and off 42 times dating back to 1922 with three major hiatuses, from 1943 to 1973, from 1993 to 2005, and from 2008 to 2013.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: North Texas is joining the American Athletic Conference in 2023, so this will become a conference game for the first time.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: SMU and Navy have played each other 23 times, with Navy leading the series 13–10. In 2009, the athletic departments of the United States Naval Academy and Southern Methodist University created the Gansz Trophy in honor of Frank Gansz who played linebacker at the Naval Academy from 1957 through 1959, was on the Navy coaching staff from 1969 through 1972, and the coaching staff at SMU for the 2008 season before his spring 2009 death.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: Navy joined the American Athletic Conference in 2015 which allowed for this game to become a yearly conference game.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: The SMU-Rice rivalry is a secondary one for both SMU (after TCU) and Rice (after Houston). However, it is a storied one since SMU is located inside the city of Dallas and Rice is located in Houston, the anchors of Texas's two largest metropolitan areas. Notably, SMU and Rice are two of the smaller universities in NCAA Division I FBS. Adding fuel to the fire is the fact that Rice and SMU are consistently ranked the best two private universities in Texas.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: In 1918 both schools joined the Southwest Conference, and from 1926 they played every year except for 1987 and 1988, after the NCAA gave SMU's football program the "death penalty" following a cheating scandal. They played in the same conference until 2013, beginning with the Southwest (1918–1996), then the Western Athletic Conference (1996–2005) and Conference USA (2005–2012). In that time, they had met 90 times, with SMU leading 48–41–1.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: In 1998 a traveling trophy, the "Mayor's Cup", was introduced to the series, and had been awarded to the winner each year through 2012. The Rice Owls hold the trophy after the 2012 game and lead the trophy series 9–6.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: SMU left Conference USA for The American for the 2013 season, and no games have been played or scheduled since the 2012 meeting. However, Rice is joining the American Athletic Conference in 2023, so this will become a conference game again for the first time since 2012.


title: SMU Mustangs football

text: SMU has made 175 appearances in the Associated Press poll over 103 seasons. SMU has been ranked in the top 10 for 63 weeks.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: The WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization, a nongovernmental organization founded in 1873 as a forum for exchanging weather data and research. Proposals to reform the status and structure of the IMO culminated in the World Meteorological Convention of 1947, which formally established the World Meteorological Organization. The Convention entered into force on 23 March 1950, and the following year the WMO began operations as an intergovernmental organization within the UN system.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: The WMO is made up of 193 countries and territories, and facilitates the "free and unrestricted" exchange of data, information, and research between the respective meteorological and hydrological institutions of its members. It also collaborates with nongovernmental partners and other international organizations on matters related to environmental protection, climate change, resource management, and socioeconomic development.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the WMO is governed by the World Meteorological Congress, composed of member states, which meets every four years to set policies and priorities. The Congress is led by an Executive Council led by the President, currently Gerhard Adrian of Germany.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: The WMO was established by the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, signed 11 October 1947 and ratified on 23 March 1950. The Convention serves as the constituent treaty of the WMO, setting forth its purposes, governance, and general framework.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: The annually published WMO Statement on the status of the World Climate provides details of global, regional and national temperatures and extreme weather events. It also provides information on long-term climate change indicators including atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, sea level rise, and sea ice extent. The year 2016 was the hottest year on record, with many weather and climate extremes, according to the most recent WMO report.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: In keeping with its mandate to promote the standardization of meteorological observations, the WMO maintains numerous code forms for the representation and exchange of meteorological, oceanographical, and hydrological data. The traditional code forms, such as SYNOP, CLIMAT and TEMP, are character-based and their coding is position-based. Newer WMO code forms are designed for portability, extensibility and universality. These are BUFR, CREX, and, for gridded geo-positioned data, GRIB.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a joint creation of the WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about anthropogenic (man-made) climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: WMO states that "the International System of Units (SI) should be used as the system of units for the evaluation of meteorological elements included in reports for international exchange." The following units, which include units which are not SI units, are recommended by the WMO for meteorological observations:


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: Ten United Nations member states are not members of WMO: Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and San Marino. Cook Islands and Niue are WMO Members but non-members of the United Nations. Vatican City and State of Palestine and the states with limited recognition are not members of either organization.


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: The six WMO Member Territories are the British Caribbean Territories (joint meteorological organization and membership), French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Macau, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (joint meteorological service and membership) and New Caledonia. (List of all members with admission dates.)


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: Region I consists of the states of Africa and a few former colonial powers. Region I has 57 member states and no member territories:


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: Region III consists of the states of South America, including France as French Guiana is an overseas region of France. It has a total of 13 member states and no member territories:


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: Region IV consists of the states of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, including three European states with dependencies within the region. It has a total of 25 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: Region VI consists consist of all the states in Europe as well as some Western Asia. It has 50 member states:


title: World Meteorological Organization

text: A total of ten member states have membership in more than one region. Two nations are members to four different regions, while eight are members of two regions. These nations, with their regions, are as follows:


title: Kelly Sheridan

text: Kelly Sheridan is a Canadian voice actress best known for being the voice for Barbie in the "Barbie" film series from 2001 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2015. She had also voiced in numerous animations and English-language dubs of Japanese animations, including as Sango in the English dub of the "Inuyasha", Diana Lombard in "Martin Mystery", Theresa in "Class of the Titans" and Starlight Glimmer in "". She has been a member of Genus Theatre Company since August 2005.


title: Kelly Sheridan

text: Sheridan grew up in Vancouver and studied at the Vancouver Youth Theatre. She attended Simon Fraser University and graduated with a BFA degree in theatre in 2001.


title: Kelly Sheridan

text: Before "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny" came out in English, on many of the anime websites, Sheridan had mistakenly received credit for Stella Loussier's English voice. She was initially succeeded as the voice of Barbie by Diana Kaarina in 2010, beginning with "", but later returned to the role in 2012 in "Barbie in A Mermaid Tale 2". She continued to voice Barbie through 2015, when it was announced that Erica Lindbeck would be taking over in 2016. Sheridan is married.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: "Land of Hope and Glory" is a British patriotic song, with music by Edward Elgar written in 1901 and lyrics by A. C. Benson later added in 1902.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: The music to which the words of the refrain 'Land of Hope and Glory, &c' below are set is the 'trio' theme from Edward Elgar's "Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1". The words were fitted to the melody on the suggestion of King Edward VII who told Elgar he thought the melody would make a great song. When Elgar was requested to write a work for the King's coronation, he worked the suggestion into his "Coronation Ode", for which he used words provided by the poet and essayist A. C. Benson. The last section of the "Ode" uses the march's melody.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: Owing to the King's illness, the coronation was postponed. Elgar created a separate song, which was first performed by Madame Clara Butt in June 1902. In fact, only the first of the seven stanzas of the Ode's final section was re-used, as the first four lines of the second stanza below. This stanza is the part which is popularly sung today.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: The Proms began in 1895; in 1901 Elgar's newly composed 'Pomp and Circumstance' March No. 1 was introduced as an orchestral piece (a year before the words were written), conducted by Henry Wood who later recollected "little did I think then that the lovely broad melody of the trio would one day develop into our second national anthem". It was played as "Land of Hope and Glory" in the last concert of the 1905 proms, and at the first and last concerts of the 1909 Proms, which also featured Wood's Fantasia on British Sea Songs. The two pieces were played one after another at the closing concerts in 1916, 1917 and 1918. From 1927, the BBC began supporting the Proms, with radio broadcasts bringing the music to an increasingly wide audience.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: "Land of Hope and Glory" featured in the final concerts for 1928, 1929, 1936 and 1939. By then, audience participation in the second half of the programme had become a ritual, and from 1947 a boisterous 'tradition' was created by the conductor Malcolm Sargent, making "Land of Hope and Glory" part of a standard programme for the event. The Last Night of the Proms was broadcast annually on television from 1953 onwards, and Promenaders began dressing up outrageously and waving flags and banners during the climax of the evening. In some years, "Land of Hope and Glory" and the other favourites were left out of the programme but reinstated after press and public outrage. In an exception, for the 2001 Last Night concert following the September 11 attacks, the conductor Leonard Slatkin substituted a more serious programme, featuring Samuel Barber's "Adagio for Strings", but despite the success of this occasion, the now traditional pieces returned the following year.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the BBC announced a decision not to feature "Land of Hope and Glory" as well as "Rule, Britannia!" in the Last Night of the Proms running order. This break from tradition prompted outrage from some members of the public, the media and some politicians, including Prime Minister Boris Johnson who accused the BBC of "cringing embarrassment about our history". Further reporting hypothesised that the decision was made in light of renewed prominence for the Black Lives Matter movement, after the murder of George Floyd earlier in the summer, supporters of which accused the songs of glorifying colonialism and slavery. The BBC later reversed the decision, claiming the original move was due to the coronavirus social-distancing measures, and that they would now be sung. Ultimately, both songs were featured albeit with a reduced-capacity choir and orchestra.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: At international rugby league matches, England often sang "Land of Hope and Glory" as their national anthem. Although their anthem changed to "God Save the Queen" after of the Great Britain side in 2007, it is still tradition for the team to use "Land of Hope and Glory" as their walk-out theme.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: Supporters of Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club (the team Elgar supported) sing a version of the song with the lyrics changed to 'We will follow the Wanderers over land, sea, and water.' Their local rivals West Bromwich Albion sing 'We will follow the Albion over land, sea, and water.' Supporters of Huddersfield Town sing 'We're all following Huddersfield, over land and sea'. Derby County and Chelsea football club supporters sing 'We all follow Derby/Chelsea, over land and sea (and Leicester)', although supporters of Arsenal sang this first; similarly Blackburn Rovers fans sing 'We all follow the Rovers, over the land and sea (and Preston!)'. In Wales Aberystwyth Town supporters sing a version of the song, 'We all follow the Aber, over land and sea and Bangor! we all follow the Aber, on to victory'. Leeds United supporters sing a version of the song that goes as follows: 'Land of hope and glory, Yorkshire shall be free, We all follow United, onto victory'. In London, Spurs fans have been heard to sing 'We hate Nottingham Forest. We hate Arsenal, too. We hate Manchester United, but Tottenham we love you.'


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: "Land of Hope and Glory" was the England team's victory anthem at the Commonwealth Games until 2010, when the public rejected it in a poll in favour of "Jerusalem".


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: England currently has no agreed national anthem, with "God Save the King", the national anthem of the United Kingdom, often being used in sporting events in which England competes separately from the other Home Nations. However, there have been calls for this to be changed, with a 2006 survey conducted by the BBC suggesting that 55% of the English public would rather have "Land of Hope and Glory" than "God Save the King" as their national anthem.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film "A Clockwork Orange" uses Elgar's version to herald the arrival of the Minister of the Interior in Alex's story.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: The song inspired the title of John Boorman's 1987 film of the same name, depicting World War II through the eyes of a 10-year-old boy.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: In 1997, the Labour Party broadcast a 5 minute long television broadcast criticizing the Conservative Party and John Major's handling as Prime Minister. The song was ironically used in the entirety of the broadcast.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: The song is also used in the 2012 Japanese film "Little Maestra". It is set in a small fishing village in Shikamachi, Ishikawa Prefecture, who depend on the local amateur orchestra as their favourite source of entertainment. When the conductor dies unexpectedly, the townspeople recruit the man's granddaughter, a high school student with a talent for conducting. The song is heard three times throughout the movie.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: In the British television comedy "The Goodies", a recurring joke involves Tim Brooke-Taylor's character playing a recording of "Land of Hope and Glory" every time he makes a patriotic, motivational speech.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: In "", Merlin activates the implanted chips' failsafe, killing the guards and conspirators as heads explode around the world, to the tune of Land of Hope and Glory.


title: Land of Hope and Glory

text: In the United States, Canada and the Philippines, the instrumental version of this song is traditionally associated with high school and college (university) graduation ceremonies. It is played as a processional or recessional often omitting all but the movement of the song over which the chorus is traditionally sung. During ceremonies for larger schools this piece (or the truncated version, if it is being used) is played repeatedly. It may be played for as long as the graduates are marching or walking, which can be longer than some symphonies.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Sequence is an abstract strategy board-and-card game. "Sequence" was invented by Doug Reuter. He originally called the game "Sequence Five". He spent years developing the concept, and, in June 1981, granted Jax Ltd. an exclusive license to manufacture, distribute and sell the board game "Sequence" and its subsequent variations. The game was first sold in a retail store in 1982. In 2017, Goliath Game Company bought Jax, and in early 2018 also bought all licensor rights and now owns 100% of the game "Sequence". Doug Reuter is acknowledged as the inventor of "Sequence" on all newly produced copies of the game - both on the box and in the printed rules.


title: Sequence (game)

text: The object of the game is to form a row of five poker chips, called a sequence, on the board by placing the chips on the board spaces corresponding to cards played from the player's hand.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Playing Board ; Instructions; 135 poker chips (50 blue, 50 green, 35 red); two full standard card decks (52 cards each, 104 cards total; may also contain jokers).


title: Sequence (game)

text: "Sequence" can be played with 2 to 12 players. If there are more than three players, all players have to be divided evenly into two or three teams before the start of the game (The game cannot be played with 5, 7, or 11 players). With two teams, players alternate their physical positions with opponents around the playing surface. With three teams, players of a team must be positioned at every third player around the playing surface.


title: Sequence (game)

text: The game board is placed on a flat surface (such as the floor or a table) with enough room to allow for the game board, the draw deck, the discard pile(s) and marker chips. The jokers, if any, are removed from the deck as they are not used in the game.


title: Sequence (game)

text: To decide who goes first, all the cards are shuffled into a single deck. Each player cuts the deck by taking as many card from the deck as they want, then flips their card stack over. The player with the lowest card becomes the dealer, and the cards are shuffled again. Each player or team then chooses a set of poker chips; all members of each team share chips of the same color (Blue and green chips are always used, while red chips are only used for three-player or three-team games).


title: Sequence (game)

text: Each card is pictured twice on the game board, and Jacks (while necessary for game strategy) do not appear on the board.


title: Sequence (game)

text: On their turn, the player chooses a card from their hand to play, then places a marker chip on one of the corresponding spaces of the game board (Example: An Ace of Diamonds is played from a player's hand; that player places a chip on the Ace of Diamonds on the board). Jacks have special powers. Two-Eyed Jacks are considered wild cards and may be used to place a chip on any open space on the board. One-Eyed Jacks allow whoever played one to remove an opponent's chip from a space. Players may use the Two-Eyed Jacks to complete a row or block an opponent, while One-Eyed Jacks can remove an opponent's advantage. One-Eyed Jacks cannot be used to remove a marker chip that is already part of a completed sequence; once a sequence is achieved by a player or team, it stands.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Each played card then goes face-up into a "Discard" pile. At the end of their turn, the player draws a new card from the draw deck, after which play passes to the player to the left.


title: Sequence (game)

text: A player may place chips on either of the appropriate card spaces as long as it is not already covered by a marker chip of any color.


title: Sequence (game)

text: If a player has a card which does not have an open space on the game board, the card is considered "dead" and may be discarded during that player's turn. The player then draws a new card from the draw deck before proceeding with normal play.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Each corner of the board has a "Free" space that all players can use to their advantage. This space acts as if it has a chip of each color on it at all times.


title: Sequence (game)

text: To form rows, chips may be placed vertically, horizontally or diagonally. Each complete row of five (or four and a free corner space) is counted as a sequence. Sequences of the same color may intersect, but only at a single position.


title: Sequence (game)

text: "Sequence" rules dictate no table talk or coaching between team members and a precise order in which hands must be played (card, chip, replace card). If a player forgets to replace a card on their turn and if any of the other players points it out then, they cannot make it up in a later one and must continue playing the game with a reduced number of cards.


title: Sequence (game)

text: In a two-player or two-team game, the sequences required to win the game can be made to overlap with each other, resulting in two sequences formed by nine chips instead of ten. This is because the rules explicitly state that players may use any one of the chips from their own first sequence as part of a second one. A straight row of nine chips also counts as two sequences.


title: Sequence (game)

text: The game ends when a player or team completes a set number of sequences. In a two-player or two-team game, the number of sequences needed to win is two, while in a three-player or three-team game, only one sequence is needed to win the game.


title: Sequence (game)

text: A common alternative to standard "Sequence" game play is to go past the minimal number of sequences to win. Players compete to fill the entire board with complete sequences of five chips (in each player's preferred color). Keep score of one point per sequence created. Different from standard game play, chips from completed sequences may be removed to prevent opponents from scoring. For added difficulty, players may opt not to reshuffle the deck when it runs out of cards. Game play ends when the board is filled and no additional moves are possible. To declare a winner, points are tallied up for each player or team. Whoever has the most points wins the game.


title: Sequence (game)

text: "Sequence" can also be integrated into a drinking game for adults, where each player picks one (or two) number or face cards. Each time any of the chosen cards is discarded, by any player, the player who chose it has to drink. Last man standing (or the person who wins via the usual way) wins.


title: Sequence (game)

text: An optional rule in the rulebook requires the player forming a sequence on the board to announce it. If left unannounced, that row will not be considered a completed sequence until the player or team's next turn, during which they can announce the sequence.


title: Sequence (game)

text: A game play variation allows pairs that become trapped by placing a chip of own color on each side of a pair of a single opponent to be removed from the board. One of three or more are not an option, but two, not a part of a sequence can be stolen by an opponent. Additionally, this allows for another option to win, namely by capturing any five pairs of any opponent.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Another variation of the original rules is called the "corner rule". Instead of corners being free places, a team must put their color token in the corner by skipping a turn. This only happens when four of their color are lined up against a corner. Another team may block by putting their token there if they have a two-eyed jack. This variation has become popular since 2010, because players felt like a small rule tweak was needed. The corner rule started as an unofficial variation, but has since been embraced by the game designer and now becomes an official rule variation also used in some championships.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Sequence comes in several versions, including Sequence – States and Capitals; Sequence Numbers; Sequence 25th Anniversary Edition; Jumbo Sequence; Travel Sequence; Sequence Deluxe Edition; and Sequence for Kids. The major difference between the different Sequence versions is the game board sizes, shapes, and topics.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Sequence Dice is a spin-off of the Sequence board game. Instead of cards, the game uses a pair of dice. The object of Sequence Dice is to be the first player or team to connect a "sequence" of five chips in a row on the board, just as in the original game. However, a player or team only has to achieve one sequence in order to win instead of the two sometimes needed in the original, and in a two-player or two-team game, the required sequence consists of six chips in a row instead of five. In addition, a player may replace an opponent's chip with one of own color by rolling a number, but only when all four spaces for that number are already occupied. With the addition of this rule, the game does not end when the board is full.


title: Sequence (game)

text: The board displays four interlocking arrangements of the numerals 3 to 9, along with pictures of dice. The four corner spaces on the board depict dice arranged in a "snake eyes" pattern, i.e. displaying one and one. The four spaces in the center of the board depict dice showing a "boxcars" pattern or a double-six. There are also three special rolls:


title: Sequence (game)

text: During a series of legal disputes, Douglas Reuter claimed Jax violated its licensing agreement which would provide grounds for contract termination. In response, Jax denied any violation. Meanwhile, both sides continue to profit from game sales. Jax garners 80 percent of its revenue from Sequence; Reuter receives a royalty on sales of Sequence. Mr. Reuter has also started a new game company called, "Game Inventors of America," which is located in Corinth, Texas.


title: Sequence (game)

text: Unauthorized variations of Sequence have appeared many times over the years. Names of the unauthorized versions include, "One-Eyed Jack," "Jack Foolery," and "Jack Off." In "One-Eyed Jack," the board is constructed using actual playing cards.


title: Sequence (game)

text: In March 2015, Jax Ltd. filed a legal claim against independent video game developer Iridium Studios over the name of their rhythm video game titled "Sequence". Not wanting to pay legal fees challenging the claim, the video game developer promptly renamed their game to "Before the Echo".


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The 2021 season was the Las Vegas Raiders' 52nd season in the National Football League, their 62nd overall, their second in the Las Vegas metropolitan area, and their eighth (fourth in his second stint) and final under head coach Jon Gruden. On October 11, Gruden resigned due to the publication of homophobic, misogynistic, and racist emails sent by Gruden prior to becoming the Raiders head coach. Special teams coach Rich Bisaccia was named the interim coach.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The season marked the first regular season to consist of 17 games. With a week 17 win over the Indianapolis Colts, the Raiders clinched their first winning season since 2016 and their second since 2002 when they lost Super Bowl XXXVII. After beating the rival Los Angeles Chargers in Week 18, the Raiders made the postseason for the first time since 2016. Interim head coach Rich Bisaccia became the first interim head coach since Bruce Arians in 2012 with the Indianapolis Colts to lead their team to a postseason berth. The Raiders finished the season 10–7 and secured the fifth seed in the AFC playoffs. However, their season ended with a 26–19 loss against the eventual AFC champion Cincinnati Bengals in the Wild Card round, extending their playoff win drought to 19 years.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders won four overtime games during the season, a feat accomplished only by the Arizona Cardinals and Denver Broncos in 2011.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In August 2021, CBS Sports noted that several Raiders team executives, including president Marc Badain, V.P. of strategy and business development Brian Doll, CFO Ed Villanueva, and club controller Araxie Grant, had abruptly resigned their post within months of each other. Peter King of NBC Sports speculated that Badain's resignation may have had something to do with team finances.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Gruden initially started the season as the Raiders head coach. However, prior to week five against the Chicago Bears, emails sent by Gruden (while he was employed by ESPN) prior to rejoining the Raiders as coach were leaked, which described Gruden using racist language to describe NFLPA director DeMaurice Smith. The Raiders made no announcement prior to the game, and Gruden proceeded to coach the game, a 20–9 loss. The emails were discovered in the investigation into the workplace culture of the Washington Football Team. However, a day later, additional emails were released by The New York Times that showed Gruden using misogynistic and homophobic language. After the publication of these emails, Gruden resigned. The Raiders failed to make any announcement after the resignation except to say that they had accepted the resignation and named Rich Bisaccia interim head coach. General manager Mike Mayock did comment on the situation two days later stating that he was "sad for the Gruden family," but also added that everyone is accountable for their actions. The same day, Mark Davis refused to directly comment on the situation, simply stating, "Ask the NFL. They have all the answers." It is believed that this statement was in reference to pressure from the NFL for the Raiders to fire Gruden and to "get" the Raiders. After the Raiders win over the Broncos in week six, Davis further commented that the Raiders do not stand for the kind of comments made by Gruden.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Gruden later filed a lawsuit against the NFL and Commissioner Roger Goodell alleging that they sought to ruin his career by releasing the emails.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In the offseason, defensive end Carl Nassib became the first active player to come out as gay. After playing in the Raiders’ week 1 game, he became the first openly gay player in NFL history to play in a game during the regular season.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders wound up releasing both of their first-round draft picks from the prior season due to notable off-field incidents. Wide receiver Henry Ruggs was involved in a fatal car crash that killed another driver and her dog, caused by driving under the influence. He was released by the team on November 2 after being booked into the Clark County Detention Center. Less than a week later on November 8, cornerback Damon Arnette was also released after the discovery of a video showing him brandishing firearms and making death threats.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: On January 3, cornerback Nate Hobbs was arrested in Las Vegas for driving under the influence hours after a Week 17 win against the Indianapolis Colts.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders' 2021 schedule was announced on May 12. The Raiders' game against the Cleveland Browns, originally scheduled for December 18, was postponed to December 20 due to positive COVID-19 cases in the Browns' organization.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In Week 1, the Raiders opened on Monday Night Football with fans in Allegiant Stadium for the first time in a home regular season game. The Baltimore Ravens arrived in Las Vegas after having suffered several key injuries to running backs in the week leading up to Week One.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders received the opening kickoff and moved into Baltimore territory before a shotgun snap that was not expected by Las Vegas quarterback Derek Carr led to a 15-yard loss. As a result of the play, the Raiders were forced to punt. The Ravens were unable to do much with the ball and punted as well. A three-and-out series by the Raiders gave the ball to the Ravens at their own 35. The Ravens moved into Raider territory, but were faced with a fourth and one at the Raider 35-yard line. Ty'Son Williams broke through the line on the fourth down play for a 35-yard touchdown run to give Baltimore a 7–0 lead. The teams exchanged punts on their next possessions before the Ravens moved into Raider territory again. Lamar Jackson hit Marquise Brown on a 10-yard touchdown pass with nine minutes remaining in the second quarter and it appeared the Raiders might get blown out. However, on the ensuing possession, Carr was finally able to connect with tight end Darren Waller and move the ball to the Ravens two-yard line before Josh Jacobs scored to cut the lead in half, 14–7. The Ravens again moved into Raider territory with less than two minutes left in the half, but were stopped short on fourth down and turned the ball over to Las Vegas. Carr quickly moved the Raiders to the Baltimore 14-yard line, but had to settle for a Daniel Carlson 34-yard field goal as the half ended leaving the score 14–10 at halftime.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In the second half, the team exchanged punts again before the Ravens connected on a 40-yard field goal by Justin Tucker to move the lead back to seven at 17–10. The Raiders looked to answer by moving in to Raven territory, but were stuffed on a fourth-and-one at the Raven 13. The teams again exchanged punts as the game moved to the fourth quarter. The Ravens took over with 13:23 remaining in the quarter, but Jackson scrambled and had the ball knocked out of his hands and fumbled with the Raiders' Denzel Perryman recovering the ball at the Baltimore 41. Four plays later, Jacobs scored on a 25-yard run to tie the game at 17. The Ravens quickly answered as Latavius Murray scored on an eight-yard touchdown run to give the Ravens a 24–17 lead with about six minutes remaining. Carr moved the Raiders down field and, with just under four minutes left, hit Waller for a 10-yard touchdown pass to again tie the game. Baltimore responded by moving into Raider territory, but were unable to get a first down on a third-down play at the Vegas 31 and were forced to settle for a field goal with 37 seconds remaining. Carr, with no timeouts, hit Bryan Edwards for a 20-yard gain on the first play of the ensuing possession. After a spike to stop the clock, Carr hit Edwards again for 18 yards to move the ball to the Raven 37. Carlson then hit a 55-yard field to tie the game at 27. With two second remaining in the quarter, the Ravens took a knee to settle for overtime.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In overtime, the Raiders won the toss and moved into Raven territory on a pass by Carr to Hunter Renfrow. Renfrow appeared to step out of bounds at least once on the 27-yard play, but no review was made. Two plays later, Carr, backpedaling to avoid the rush, threw a 33-yard touchdown pass to Edwards to apparently win the game. As players celebrated on the field, the play was reviewed and it was determined Edwards was down near the one-yard line, overturning the touchdown. After clearing the field, Carr was stuffed on sneak attempt. Rookie right tackle Alex Leatherwood then committed a false start penalty and the ball was moved back outside the five-yard line. Following an incompletion, Carr's next past went through the hands of Willie Snead and bounced off a DeShon Elliott's helmet before being intercepted by Anthony Averett in the end zone for a touchback. After the Ravens took over at the 20, Jackson fumbled again which was again recovered by the Raiders. Following a one-yard run to the Ravens' 26, the Raiders belatedly decided to attempt a field goal. However, due to the slow decision, Carlson did not get on the field in time and the Raiders, who had used their two timeouts on the prior possession, committed a delay of game penalty. Jon Gruden decided to not try the field goal on the next play and Carr, under pressure and backpedaling, threw to a wide open Zay Jones for a 31-yard touchdown to end the game.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The win moved the Raiders to 1–0 on the season. Carr threw for 435 yards and two touchdowns. Jacobs, who was limited with a foot injury, ran for 34 yards on 10 carries as the Raiders managed only 82 yards rushing in the game. Waller was targeted on a career-high 19 pass attempts and caught 10 for 105 yards and a touchdown.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Starting guard Denzelle Good left the game with a torn ACL, ending his season. Defensive tackle Gerald McCoy also suffered a knee injury that ended his season.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders traveled to Pittsburgh for the 30th all-time meeting with the Steelers for the second game of the season. Both teams entered the game with identical 1–0 records. Raider running back Josh Jacobs was declared unable to play in the game, severely limiting the Raiders rushing attack.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Steelers received the opening kick and moved to midfield before the Raider defense stiffened and forced a punt. The Raiders gained a first down on their first possession of the game, but could muster nothing further and were forced to punt as well. After a first down for the Steelers on their next possession, quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, under pressure, heaved a ball to the Vegas 46-yard line where it was intercepted by Trayvon Mullen and returned to the Steeler 39. The Raiders could do nothing with the ball as a shotgun snap that Derek Carr was not ready for preceded a fumbled snap and a false start by Raider rookie offensive tackle Alex Leatherwood. As a result, the Raiders settled for a Daniel Carlson 46-yard field goal to take the lead. The Steelers moved into Vegas territory on their next possession, but were faced with a fourth and four when Roethlisberger was pressured and threw an incomplete pass. The Raiders took possession early in the second quarter and again moved into Pittsburgh territory, but the drive stalled at the 15-yard line and the Raiders settled for another Carlson field goal to push the lead to 6–0. The Steelers quickly answered, going 75 yards on seven plays, capped off by a JuJu Smith-Schuster three-yard touchdown run to give the Steelers a 7–6 lead with just over six minutes remaining in the half. The Raiders answered with their own long drive, moving to the Steeler 17, but again settled for Carlson field goal to take a 9–7 lead at the half.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Getting the ball first in the second half, the Raiders moved to midfield, but were forced to punt. Following a Steeler punt, the Raiders moved into Pittsburgh territory before Carr hit Foster Moreau on a nine-yard touchdown pass to extend the lead to 16–7. On the play, Carr was hit on his right ankle and remained down for a few minutes before walking off the field. Carr did not miss a play thereafter however. The teams exchanged punts on their next possessions as the game moved into the fourth quarter. The Steelers moved quickly down field on their next possession, going 80 yards on only five plays before rookie running back Najee Harris caught a Roethlisberger short pass and ran 25 yards to dive into the end zone to draw the Steelers within two. The Raiders answered quickly with Carr hitting Henry Ruggs on a 61-yard touchdown score to push the lead to 23–14 with nine minutes remaining in the game. The Raider defense forced Pittsburgh to go three-and-out on the ensuing possession. The Raider offense attempted to chew up the clock on their next possession, but missing Jacobs, were forced to punt. Pittsburgh, trailing by two scores, moved into Raider territory, but were stopped at the Vegas 38 and settled for a Chris Boswell field goal to draw within six at 23–17. Looking to still run clock, but unable to do much running the ball, Carr hit Darren Waller on a 25-yard pass to move into Steeler territory on the next possession. The Raiders ground down the clock and, with 20 seconds remaining, Carlson hit his fourth field goal of the day putting the game out of reach 26–17. The Steelers were unable to score as the clock expired giving the Raiders the road win.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The win was the Raiders sixth in the last eight meetings against the Steelers. Carr threw for 382 yards and two touchdowns as the Raiders limited rushing attack without Jacobs managed only 52 yards on 25 rushes. The win moved the Raiders to 2–0 for the second consecutive season.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders returned home to face the Dolphins in Week Three. Josh Jacobs was again unable to play for the Raiders. Dolphin starting quarterback Tua Tagovailoa missed the game due to injured ribs.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Each team was forced to punt on their opening possession. The Raiders moved into Miami territory on their second possession of the game. After reaching the Miami 21, Derek Carr was intercepted by Dolphin linebacker Elandon Roberts. Roberts returned the interception 85 yards for the first touchdown of the game, giving the Dolphins a 7–0 lead. On the next possession, the Raiders moved to their own 34 and decided to go for it on fourth-and-one, but were stopped, giving the Dolphins a short field. Four plays later, Malcolm Brown scored on a 24-yard touchdown run and the Raiders were down 14–0 with just over three minutes remaining in the first quarter. The Raiders failed to answer on their next possession as penalties forced them to punt to the Dolphins, but a good punt and good coverage downed the ball inside the Miami one-yard line. On the final play of the first quarter, Dolphins quarterback Jacoby Brissett's short pass to Jaylen Waddle in the end zone was played well by Raiders cornerback Casey Hayward as he tackled Waddle in the end zone for a safety. As the quarter ended, the Raiders trailed 14–2. On the ensuing Raider possession, Vegas moved into Miami territory, but were forced to settle for a 50-yard field goal by Daniel Carlson. After a Miami punt, the Raiders moved deep into Miami territory and Carr hit Alec Ingold on a one-yard pass for a touchdown to bring the Raiders within two at 14–12. With less than two minutes to play in the half, the Dolphins moved into Raider territory, but had to settle for a 48-yard field goal attempt by Jason Sanders. The kick hit the left upright as the half expired leaving the score 14–12 at the half.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In the second half, the Dolphins were forced to punt on their first possession and the Raiders moved down the field on a nine-play drive capped off by a Carr 12-yard touchdown pass to Hunter Renfrow to give the Raiders a 19–14 lead. The Raider defense again forced a Dolphin punt and the Raiders moved into Miami territory as the third quarter ended. Three plays into the fourth quarter, Raider running back Peyton Barber scored on a one-yard touchdown run to give the Raiders a 25–14 lead. Looking to put the game out of reach, Carlson's point after attempt was no good and the lead remained 11. The Dolphins answered on their next possession as Sanders hit his first field goal of the game to narrow the lead to eight. Following a quick three-and-out for the Raiders, Miami moved into Vegas territory, but came up short on a fourth down play with four and a half minutes remaining in the half. The Raiders took over with a chance to run out the clock, but Carr was sacked on a third down play and Las Vegas was forced to punt. The Dolphins took over at their own 18 with 3:22 remaining and marched down the field to the Raiders one-yard line. With eight second remaining in the half, Brissett scrambled for the one-yard touchdown run to bring the Dolphins within two. Because of the earlier missed extra point by Carlson, the Dolphins went for two to tie the game and Brissett hit Will Fuller on a pass for the two-point conversion. With two seconds remaining, the Raiders choose to kneel and settle for overtime.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In their second overtime game of the season, the Raiders won the toss and moved to the Dolphin 20-yard line. However, two Carr incompletions resulted in Carlson kicking a 38-yard field goal to give the Raiders the 28–25 lead. Needing a field goal to keep the game going, Miami moved into Vegas territory, but settled for a 50-yard field goal to tie the game again. With the next score winning the game, Carr hit Bryan Edwards on a 34-yard pass to move to the Dolphin 46. A 27-yard run by Barber put the ball at the Miami 19. Three more runs by Barber moved the ball to the Miami six and following a Carr kneel-down, Carlson kicked a 22-yard field goal to give the Raiders the 31–28 win.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Peyton Barber ended up rushing for 111 yards and a touchdown filling in for Jacobs. However, the missed extra point and the Raiders inability to run out the clock in the fourth quarter led to the overtime period and the shaky win over a Dolphin team playing without their starting quarterback. The win moved the Raiders to 3–0 on the season.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: For the second time this season, the Raiders played on Monday Night Football, this time against the Chargers. The game was delayed for approximately half an hour due to lightning in the area despite the fact that SoFi Stadium has a roof.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Chargers received the opening kick and moved methodically down the field. Reaching the Vegas four-yard line, Justin Herbert threw a touchdown pass to give the Chargers and early 7–0 lead. The Raiders only gained three yards on their first possession and were forced to punt to the Chargers. Neither team could manage much for the rest of the quarter as both teams punted on their next two possessions. In the second quarter, the offenses continued to struggle with only the Raiders managing a first down in the first seven minutes of the quarter. With Just under eight minutes remaining, the Chargers took over at their own 20. Six plays later, Herbert hit Jared Cook on a 10-yard pass to put San Diego up 14–0. The Raiders again were forced to punt without getting a first down and gave the ball to the Chargers with 2:44 remaining in the half. LA's offense again moved swiftly down the field and Herbert hit Austin Ekeler on a 14-yard touchdown pass to move the score to 21–0. Taking over with 24 seconds left in the half, the Raiders ran out the clock. The Raider offense, which had been so prolific in the first three weeks, managed only one first down and only 51 yards in the half.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Taking the opening possession of the third quarter, the Raider offense came alive as they moved into LA territory before Derek Carr hit Hunter Renfrow for a 10-yard touchdown to narrow the lead to 21–7. The Raider defense allowed the Chargers to move into Vegas territory, but got a sack on third down by Darius Philon to force a Charger punt. The Raider offense continued its better play in the half, moving to the Charger three before Carr hit Darren Waller for a touchdown to narrow the lead to seven. The Raiders again forced the Chargers to punt on their next possession and Vegas took over with 13:26 left in the game. Carr hit Henry Ruggs on the first play of the drive for a 51-yard gain to the Charger 35. However, the drive stalled there with Carr being sacked on third down. Daniel Carlson missed a 52-yard field goal attempt that would have narrowed the lead to four. The missed field goal gave the Chargers the ball at the Vegs 42. They quickly took advantage and Ekeler scored on an 11-yard run with just over five minutes remaining to effectively end the game. The Raiders moved to midfield on their next possession, but Carr was intercepted ending the drive. The Chargers moved to the Vegas 36 on their next possession and lined up for a field goal, but instead punted the ball, pinning the Raiders inside their 10. With less than two minutes remaining, the Raiders could not get a first down, turning the ball over to LA and the Chargers were able to kneel out the clock to defeat the Raiders 28–14.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Carr, who had thrown for over 380 yards in each of the first three games, was limited to 196 yards in the loss. Josh Jacobs, who returned to the lineup for the Raiders, rushed for 40 yards on 13 attempts as the Chargers stymied the Raider offense. The loss moved the Raiders to 3–1 on the season.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Bears received the opening kick, but were unable to secure a first down and were forced to punt. The Raiders, likewise, were unable to get a first down and punted the ball back to the Bears. After the punt, the Raiders moved into Bear territory and Josh Jacobs was tackled at the Bear two-yard line. Another rush by Jacobs gave the Raiders a touchdown. However, multiple holding calls on the Raiders took the touchdown off the board and moved the Raiders back to the 12. Two incomplete passes later and Vegas settled for a 31-yard Daniel Carlson field goal to take a 3–0 lead. The Bears moved into Vegas territory on their next possession and quarterback Justin Fields hit Bear tight end Jesper Horsted for a two-yard touchdown pass to take a 7–3 lead with 13:16 remaining in the second half. Following a 32-yard catch and run by Jacobs, the Raiders moved to the Bear 27. On fourth and one, the Raiders chose to go for it and Jacobs was tackled for no gain, turning the ball over to the Bears. Taking over at their own 14 after an unnecessary roughness call after the previous play, the Bears moved deep into Las Vegas territory. After the two-minute warning, running back Damien Williams scored on a four-yard run to give the Bears the 14–3 lead. The Raiders, looking to answer with less than two minutes remaining, were unable to get a first down and were forced to punt. Chicago took over with less than a minute remaining, but Fields was tackled at the Raider 44 to end the half with the Bears ahead 14–3.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In the third quarter, the teams exchanged punts before Derek Carr was intercepted at the Raider 45. Chicago could not take advantage of the turnover, failing to gain a yard and punting back to the Raiders. Vegas was able to get a couple of first downs on their next possession, but were again forced to punt. Following a Chicago punt, Las Vegas moved into Bear territory. Carr rushed up the middle on a third and one play, gaining two yards and a first down, but remained on the turf with an injury. Carr was able to trot off the field, but was replaced by backup quarterback Nathan Peterman. Carr returned to the field following a few plays on the sideline and the Raiders moved to the Bear one-yard line. Jacobs went over the top to score with just over nine minutes remaining in the game. The Vegas two-point attempt failed, leaving the Raiders behind 14–9. The Bears moved into Vegas territory on their next possession and added a 46-yard field goal to extend their lead to 17–9. With just over two minutes remaining, the Raiders were unable to get a first down and failed to convert a fourth and five, turning the ball over to the Bears. Another 46-yard field goal put the game out of reach at 20–9 with 56 seconds remaining. The Raiders were unable to do anything on their next possession as time expired and the Bears won 20–9.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raider offense continued to struggle in their second consecutive loss. The Raiders only gained 249 yards in the loss. The Bears out-rushed the Raiders 143 to 71, but the Raider defense kept them in the game, yielding only 20 points.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: This marked Jon Gruden's final game as the head coach for the Raiders as he announced his resignation the following day amid the ongoing controversy regarding his racist, misogynistic, and homophobic emails he sent prior to rejoining the Raiders.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders next visited the Broncos with new interim head coach Rich Bisaccia at the helm. The teams entered the game with identical 3–2 records on the season.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders received the ball first and moved to midfield quickly. On third and two from the Denver 48, Derek Carr hit Henry Ruggs on a 48-yard touchdown to give Las Vegas the early 7–0 lead. Denver quickly answered as they moved into Raider territory and Bronco quarterback Teddy Bridgewater threw to Tim Patrick for a 23-yard score to tie the game at seven. On the ensuing Raider possession, Carr hit Hunter Renfrow on a 25-yard pass play to move into Denver territory. However, the drive stalled and the Raiders had to settle for a Daniel Carlson 50-yard field goal to retake the lead 10–7. On the next Denver possession, Bridgewater was intercepted by Brandon Facyson giving the Raiders the ball at midfield. As the game moved to the second quarter, the Raider drive stalled and they settled for a 43-yard field goal attempt by Carlson that hit the right upright leaving the score at 10–7. The teams exchanged three-and-outs on their next possessions. The Broncos moved to midfield with under five minutes remaining in the half, but were again forced to punt. Both teams again punted and the Raiders took over at their own 26 with 1:01 left in the half. Carr hit Darren Waller for a 31-yard gain on the drive to move the ball to the Denver 31. On the ensuing play, Carr hit Kenyan Drake on a 31-yard catch and run for the Raiders' second touchdown of the game, moving the score to 17–7. With only 30 seconds left in the half, Bridgewater was sacked by Maxx Crosby to end the half.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Broncos were forced to punt again on their first possession of the third quarter. Carr quickly hit Josh Jacobs on a 29-yard pass play to move the ball into Denver territory. Drake then scored on an 18-yard run to increase the Raider lead to 24–7. The Broncos, looking to answer on the ensuing possession, moved into Vegas territory, but were stopped at the 14 and forced to settle for field goal to narrow the lead to 14. Following a three-and-out for the Raiders, Bridgewater fumbled near midfield and the Raiders recovered at the Denver 42. Five plays later, Jacobs ran in to the end zone from three yards out to extend the lead to 31–10 as the third quarter ended. Denver, trailing by 21, moved into Vegas territory before Bridgewater hit Courtland Sutton for a 12-yard touchdown to narrow the lead to 14 again. On the ensuing Raider possession, Carr hit Bryan Edwards on a 51-yard pass play to set up another Carlson field goal to move the lead to 17. With just under eight minutes remaining in the game, Bridgewater was intercepted again at the Vegas 20-yard line by Trevon Moehrig-Woodward who returned the interception to the Denver 45. The Raiders were unable to take advantage of the field position and were forced to punt, giving Denver the ball with 4:03 remaining in the game. Denver, in desperation mode, moved quickly into Vegas territory and Bridgewater hit Noah Fant for a four-yard touchdown pass to narrow the lead to 10 with 1:10 remaining. The Broncos attempted an onside kick on the ensuing kickoff and recovered the ball at the Denver 44. However, four plays later Bridgewater was intercepted again, this time by Johnathan Abram to seal the 34–24 win.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders, who had struggled offensively in the previous two games, gained 426 yards of offense against the Broncos as Carr threw for 341 yards and two touchdowns in the win.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The win moved the Raiders to 4–2 on the season and left them tied with the Chargers for first place in the division.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders returned home to face the Eagles for their second game with Rich Bisaccia as head coach. A win against the Eagles would put the Raider a half-game ahead of the Chargers (who had a bye in Week 7) in the AFC West.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Eagles received the ball first and quickly moved down field before quarterback Jalen Hurts threw a 13-yard touchdown pass to Kenneth Gainwell to give the Eagles the early 7–0 lead. The Raiders quickly responded, moving into Philadelphia territory and down to the Eagles' nine-yard line. However, Derek Carr's third down pass was intercepted ending the Raiders' drive. Following a Philadelphia punt, the Raiders again moved into Philly territory and, Carr hit Foster Morrow on an 18-yard pass to tie the game at seven early in the second quarter. Following another Eagle punt, the Raiders again moved into Philly territory and Josh Jacobs scored another touchdown on an eight-yard run to give the Raiders the 14–7 lead. On the ensuing Eagles' possession, a bad snap resulted in a fumble recovered by the Raiders Jonathan Abram, setting the Raiders up at the Philadelphia 29. However, the Raiders drive stalled at the 10 and they settled for a Daniel Carlson 28-yard field goal to stretch the lead to 17–7 with only seven second remaining in the half. The Eagles kneeled on the next possession as the game went to half time.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: On the opening kick of the second half, the Eagles attempted a surprise onside kick, but Raider fullback Alec Ingold recovered to set Vegas up at the Philly 41. Six plays, later Kenyan Drake, filling in for Jacobs who left in the first half with a chest injury, scored on a four-yard run to push the lead to 17. The Raider defense continued their strong play, forcing the Eagles to punt on their next possession and giving the Raiders the ball at midfield. The Raiders moved to the Eagles one before Carr hit Bryan Edwards for a touchdown, but the Carlson extra point hit the upright to leave the score at 30–7. In desperation mode, the Eagles moved to the Raider one, but again turned the ball over on a Hurts' fumble ending the drive. The Raiders were forced to punt on the ensuing possession and the Eagles took over as the quarter ended. Philly again moved into Raider territory and this time were able to score on a one-yard run to narrow the lead to 30–14. The Raiders turned to the run game on their next possession, moving to the Philadelphia 21, but were forced to settle for a Carlson field goal to extend the lead to 33–14. With 7:17 remaining in the game, Philadelphia added a touchdown pass by Jalen Hurts and succeeded on the two-point conversion to narrow the lead to 11, at 33–22. The ensuing onside kick was unsuccessful and the Raiders took over at the Philly 44. With 3:50 remaining, the Raiders looked to run out the clock, but were unable to get a first down and were forced to punt. With just over two minutes remaining, the Eagles were unable to move out of Philadelphia territory and turned the ball over on downs with 43 seconds remaining in the game. A Carr kneel down, ended the game as the Raiders won easily 33–22.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Carr connected on 31 of 34 passes in the win, throwing for 323 yards and two touchdowns. The Raiders rushed for 119 yards in the game even after Jacobs left the game with only 29 yards rushing.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Following their bye week, the Raiders traveled to face the Giants. In the week prior the game, Raiders wide receiver Henry Ruggs was involved in a car accident causing the death of another driver. Ruggs was charged with DUI causing death and several other counts stemming from the accident. Shortly thereafter, the Raiders released Ruggs.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Giants got the ball first and quickly moved into Raider territory before Giant quarterback Daniel Jones hit Evan Engram on a 30-yard touchdown pass to give the Giants a 7–0 lead. The Raiders answered on their next possession as Derek Carr hit Hunter Renfrow for a two-yard touchdown pass to tie the game at seven. Following back-to-back punts, the Giants took over at their own 34. On the first play, Raider defensive end Yannick Ngakoue sacked Jones forcing a fumble that was recovered by Darius Philon. As the second quarter began, the Raider offense stalled at the Giant six and settled for a 25-yard field goal to take a 10–7 lead. Both teams punted on their next possessions before the Giants moved to the Raider 17, but were forced to settle for a field goal to tie the game at 10 with 3:28 left in the half. Vegas, looking to retake the lead, moved into Giant territory, but were stopped at the Giant 14-yard line and settled for another Carlson field goal to give the Raiders the 13–10 lead at the half.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: On the first possession of the second half, Carr was intercepted by Giants defensive back Xavier McKinney at the Vegas 41. McKinney returned the interception for a touchdown to give the Giants a 17–13 lead. The Raiders answer with a 15 play, 85 yard drive that stalled at the Giants' seven and Carlson drew the Raiders within one with this third field goal of the game. The Giants answered with their own field goal early in the fourth quarter to extend the lead to 20–16. The Raiders again moved into New York territory, but Carlson missed a 25-yard field goal with 9:28 remaining in the game. The Giants moved to midfield on their next possession, but had to punt with 6:21 remaining. Looking to take the lead, Carr was intercepted again by McKinnney near midfield on the second play of the ensuing possession. With 5:12 remaining, the Giants looked to take time off the clock before kicking a 38-yard field goal to move the lead to 23–16. Vegas took over with 3:21 remaining and moved into Giant territory. With 44 seconds remaining in the game, Carr was sacked and fumbled the ball at the Giant 20 and the Giants recovered effectively ending the game. New York was able to run out the clock as they won 23–16.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Carr completed 30 of 46 pass and threw for 296 yards, but turned the ball over three times including a pick-six. The Raider defense limited the Giants to only 245 yards in the game, but three turnovers committed by Carr were too much.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The loss dropped the Raiders to 5–3 on the season and fell into a first place tie with the Chargers in the division.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: On December 28, legendary former Raiders head coach John Madden died at the age of 85. The team honored him with a decal on their helmets.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders controlled their own destiny entering the game against the Colts in Indianapolis; if the Raiders won their two remaining games, they would be in the playoffs.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders started the game well, moving quickly into Colts' territory before Jacobs scored on a two-yard run to give LV the 7–0 lead. Following an Indianapolis punt, Carr threw a long pass to Jackson, but the pass was intercepted at the Indy 14-yard line. Following a 12-yard return, the Colts took over at their own 26. After a first down, the Raider defense again forced a punt giving Vegas the ball with 2:42 remaining in the quarter. The Raiders moved into Indy territory, but Carr was sacked on the first play of the second quarter and the Vegas was forced to settle for 47-yard field goal to extend the lead to 10–0. The Indy running game got going on the ensuing possession as Jonathan Taylor moved the Colts inside the Raider 30. The defense then stepped up to stop the drive and the Colts settled for a 46-yard field goal to draw within seven with 10 minutes left in the half. The teams exchanged punts before the Raiders moved into Colts' territory as the half wound down. With two mites remaining in the half, the offense again stalled and following a sack of Carr on third down, had to settle for another Carlson field goal, this time from 44 yards to extend the lead to 13–3. With 1:47 left in the half, the Colts quickly moved into Raider territory before Taylor scored from one yard out with one second left in the half. The touchdown narrowed Vegas's halftime lead to three.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Starting with the ball in the third quarter, the Colts moved efficiently into Raider territory before Carson Wentz threw a 45-yard touchdown pass to give the Colts a 17–13 lead. Carr was intercepted again on the next possession, ending the Raider drive at midfield. The Raider defense, however, limited the damage, only allowing one first down and forcing the Colts to punt. Taking over with 4:27 left in the quarter, the Raiders drive stalled at their own 43 and they were forced to punt. As the Colts took over to start the fourth quarter, the Vegas defense again limited the Colts to a quick three-and-out. On the ensuing possession, the Raiders moved into Indy territory on a 42-yard pass from Carr to Jones. The Raiders then moved to the Indy 16, but came up short on third down. Facing a fourth and two, the Raiders went for it and Carr hit Renfrow on an 11-yard touchdown pass to retake the lead at 20–17. The Colts next drive encompassed 14 plays and over nine minutes, but they were stopped short at the Vegas 22. A field goal tied the game at 20 with 1:56 left in the game. After reaching midfield, Carr hit Renfrow on what appeared to be a 48-yard touchdown pass, but upon review, Renfrow was ruled down at the Indy 24. Three short runs by Jacobs set up Carlson for a field goal attempt with two seconds remaining. The 33-yard field goal was good, giving the Raiders the 23–20 win.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The win kept the Raiders playoff hopes alive as they improved to 9–7 on the season. The Raider defense played well, limiting the Colts to only 262 yards, only 148 through the air.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Entering the week, the Raiders needed a win against the Chargers to make the playoffs. The NFL "flexed" the Raiders' game to Sunday night because the winner of the game would be in the playoffs. However, the Raiders could still make the playoffs if the Colts lost to Jacksonville and the Steelers lost. Both of those games occurred earlier in the day, with the Colts losing and the Steelers winning. As a result, a tie in the game against the Chargers would result in both the Raiders and Chargers making the playoffs. Prior to the game, both teams were asked about the possibility of settling for the tie, Raiders' head coach Rich Bassacia said he would do anything necessary to make the playoffs.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders began with the ball and moved deep into Charger territory on a Derek Carr pass to Foster Moreau, who fumbled the ball at the Charger seven. Luckily for the Raiders, the ball bounced out of bounds at the one-yard line, setting the Raiders up at the seven. Following a holding penalty on the Chargers, the ball moved to the three, but the Raiders could get no farther and settled for a 24-yard Daniel Carlson field goal to take the early 3–0 lead. The Chargers quickly went three-and-out on the ensuing possession, giving the Raiders the ball at their 24. After a first down, Vegas also was forced to punt. However, on the punt, Chargers returner, Andre Roberts, fumbled the ball and the Raiders recovered at the LA 23. Three plays later, Vegas faced a fourth and two at the Charger 15, but Carr hit Zay Jones for the first down. Two play later, Carr hit Hunter Renfrow for a 12-yard touchdown pass to the extend the Raider lead to 10–0 with 3:34 left in the first half. As the game moved into the second quarter, the Chargers moved into Raider territory on a 14-play drive capped off by Austin Ekeler's 14-yard touchdown run to narrow the lead to three. After a punt by the Raiders, LA again moved into LV territory and Justin Herbert capped off the drive with a 14-yard touchdown pass to Ekeler to give the Chargers a 14–10 lead. With 1:52 left in the half, the Raiders moved to the Charger 42 when Carr threw a long incomplete pass into the end zone. However, the Chargers were called for pass interference on the play, giving the Raiders the ball at one-yard line. Josh Jacobs scored on the next play to give the Raiders a 17–14 lead with 37 seconds left in the half. The Chargers could not get a first down and punted the ball to the Raiders with 10 seconds remaining. Vegas decided to kneel down to end the half ahead by three.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: In the third quarter, the Chargers moved into Vegas territory before a sack by Maxx Crosby forced LA to settle for a 51-yard field goal attempt that went wide leaving the Raiders ahead by three. Following a punt by the Raiders, the Chargers faced a fourth and one from their own 18 and decided to go for it. Ekeler was dropped for a loss and the Raiders took over at the Charger 16. However, a short run and two incompletions sent Carlson on to the field for his second field goal of the night. With the score 20–14, the Chargers were forced to punt after a three-and-out. Taking over with 6:31 left in the third quarter, the Raiders moved deep into LA territory and, on the second play of the fourth quarter, Carr hit Renfrow for his second touchdown of the game. The touchdown extended the Raiders lead to 26–14. Vegas attempted a two-point conversion to move the lead to 14, but the pass to Renfrow fell short leaving the Raiders ahead by 12. On the ensuing possession, Herbert was intercepted at the Vegas 36, giving the Raiders the ball back with 12:55 left in the fourth quarter. Vegas moved to the LA 34, but got no further and settled for Carlson's third field goal of the game and extend the lead to 29–14. Taking over with 8:23 left in the fourth, the Chargers moved down the field on a 14-play drive that ended with Herbert hitting Josh Palmer for a 23-yard touchdown pass. The ensuing two-point conversion was good, narrowing the Raider lead to 29–22 with 4:28 left. Needing to burn the clock, the Raiders failed to get a first down as Carr was sacked and fumbled on third down. The ball was recovered by the Raiders, but resulted in a punt and setting LA up at their own 17 with 2:06 left in the quarter. The Chargers faced three third downs, converting on all of them, one on a penalty by the Raiders, and reached the Vegas 12 with five seconds remaining. Herbert then hit Mike Williams for the touchdown as time expired and the extra point tied the game at 29.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: With both teams set to make the playoffs in the event of a tie, the Raiders turned to Josh Jacobs and moved to the LA 22. However, they could move no further and settled for Carlson's fourth field goal of the game to push the lead to three. LA, needing a field goal to extend the game, moved into Raider territory, but their drive also stalled and a 41-yard field goal with 4:30 left in the overtime tied the game again at 32. Vegas, playing conservatively, moved slowly into Charger territory and three straight runs by Jacobs moved the ball to the Charger 29 with less than 30 seconds remaining. The Raiders let the clock run down to two seconds and Carlson hit his fifth field goal of the game as time expired to give the Raiders the win.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The win eliminated the Chargers from the playoffs and put the Steelers into the playoffs as well. With the win, the Raiders received the fifth seed in the AFC playoffs and would play Cincinnati in the wildcard round of the playoffs.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: This game marked the first ever playoff start for both Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow, drafted in 2020, and Raiders quarterback Derek Carr, drafted in 2014. The Raiders had not won a playoff game since the AFC Championship in 2003, and the Bengals since a 1991 wild card game.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: Thanks to a couple of third down conversions, the Raiders were able to drive deep into Bengals' territory on the opening possession of the game. Their advance was stopped by a Mike Hilton deflection on a pass intended for Hunter Renfrow on third and two, setting up a Daniel Carlson 47-yard field goal to make the score 3–0. On the ensuing possession, the Bengals drove down the field and scored on a touchdown pass to C. J. Uzomah to give the Bengals the 7–3 lead. On the next Raider drive, Carr was strip-sacked by Trey Hendrickson and the fumble recovered by Larry Ogunjobi. However, Burrow and the Bengals were not able to take advantage of the short field and settled for a 31-yard Evan McPherson field goal to extend the lead to 10-3. Due to an error on the kickoff, the Raiders were pinned deep at their own two to start the next possession and resulted in a punt. Early in the second quarter, the Bengals settled for a 30-yard McPherson field goal to extend their lead on the next possession to 10. The Raiders offense moved well into Bengal territory on two long runs by Josh Jacobs, but a DeSean Jackson drop on third and eight compelled the Raiders to again settle for a 28-yard field goal, narrowing the Bengals' lead to 13–6. On the next possession, Cincinnati drove to the Raiders' 31-yard line before converting a fourth and one opportunity to extend the drive. A few plays later, Burrow threw the ball towards the end zone a just before stepping out of bounds for another Begal touchdown. However, an official blew a whistle as the ball was airborne, but wide receiver Tyler Boyd caught the ball after the whistle. After discussion on the field, the officials ruled that the pass was a touchdown, extending the Bengals lead to 20–6 despite the whistle. The Raiders responded by driving into Cincinnati territory and Carr threw a touchdown pass to Zay Jones with 13 seconds left in the first half, narrowing the lead to seven. The Bengals took a knee to end the half.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Bengals received the ball to begin the third quarter and extended their lead 43-yard field goal to 23–13. Following punts by both teams on their next possessions, Las Vegas moved into Bengal territory, eventually reaching the Cincinnati 36-yard line. A pass interference call on fourth down extended the drive, but the Raiders still settled for a 34-yard field goal by Carlson to move within seven at 23–16 as the fourth quarter began. Long completions to Ja'Marr Chase helped set up a Bengals drive deep into Raiders territory on the following possession that resulted in a 28-yard McPherson field goal to return Cincy's lead to 10 with 6:49 left in the game. On the following drive, a 13-yard completion to Darren Waller and a crucial fourth down conversion on a pass from Carr to Jackson put the Raiders deep into Bengal territory. However, the Cincinnati defense again forced the Raiders to settle for a 28-yard field goal to narrow the lead to 26–19. The Raiders' defense forced a three-and-out on the Bengals' subsequent possession which forced the Raiders to burn their last timeout. The Raiders' last possession began at their own 35-yard line. On the first play of the possession, Jacobs caught a pass for 15 yards and a roughing the passer penalty added 15 yards to the play. Moving deep into Bengal territory, Carr spiked the ball to stop the clock with 30 seconds remaining in the game with the ball at the 10. The following two passes fell incomplete and, on fourth and nine, Carr's pass to Jones was intercepted at the two-yard line by Germaine Pratt, sealing the win for the Bengals. Burrow took a knee to end the game, sending the Bengals to the divisional round of the playoffs, ending their 31-year long playoff win drought, and extending the Raiders' playoff win drought to 20 years.


title: 2021 Las Vegas Raiders season

text: The Raiders actually out-gained the Bengals 385 to 308, but the Bengals held the ball for three minutes more. Carr threw for 310 yards with an interception and a touchdown as the Raiders rushed for 103 yards in the game. The loss ended the Raiders' season with uncertainty ahead after a tumultuous season.


title: Art Scholl

text: Arthur Everett Scholl (December 24, 1931 – September 16, 1985) was an American aerobatic pilot, aerial cameraman, flight instructor and educator based in Riverside, Southern California. He died during the filming of "Top Gun" when his Pitts S-2 camera plane failed to recover from a spin and plunged into the Pacific Ocean.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl came to California from Milwaukee as a young man, entered Mt. San Antonio College and eventually California State University, San Jose, where he earned a degree in aeronautics. After receiving a master's degree at California State University, Los Angeles, he taught aeronautics in San Bernardino.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl performed across the United States and internationally from the late 1950s to the mid-1980s. In the mid-1960s he was a professor and head of the Department of Aeronautics at San Bernardino Valley College and an experienced pilot of midget air racers. He flew a pair of modified de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk aircraft, renamed "Super Chipmunks" (FAA registration numbers N13A, N13Y) and occasionally a third aircraft N1804Q, before an estimated audience of 80 million people over 20 years and appeared in more than 200 motion picture features, documentaries and television commercials. The aircraft were recognizable for their red, white and blue livery and Pennzoil corporate sponsorship.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl held four FAA certificates. He was an Airline Transport Pilot in multi-engine land and sea planes, with commercial privileges in airplane single engine land and airplane single engine sea, helicopters, and gliders. He held certificates as both a flight instructor and ground instructor. In addition, he was also a certificated airframe and power plant mechanic with an inspection authorization. In 1976 Scholl earned a Ph.D. in Aviation Management. He taught aeronautics at San Bernardino Valley College for 18 years, eventually becoming head of the department.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl founded an aerobatics school and maintenance facility at Flabob Airport in Riverside, California. He converted it to a full-service fixed-base operation (FBO) when he moved it to Rialto Municipal Airport, then known as Miro Field, in Rialto, California in 1978. He produced several highly successful air shows at Miro Field, attracting hundreds of thousands of spectators. Miro Field has since been renamed Art Scholl Memorial Field in his memory. Scholl's company, Art Scholl Aviation, continues to operate there and offers fuel, aircraft maintenance services, and aircraft mock-ups used in film and TV production.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl's signature aircraft were his two Super Chipmunks; he bought his first in 1963 and his second one in 1968. His skill as a licensed aircraft mechanic helped Scholl in modifying the aircraft extensively; clipping its wings, adding retractable landing gear, converting them to single-seat, adding an autopilot and a much bigger engine. At the height of his popularity as an air show performer in the 1970s, Scholl flew two Super Chipmunks, basing one on the East Coast and one on the West Coast. His Super Chipmunk was licensed to various model manufacturers for both flying and static models; collectors now actively seek the Cox control line model. Although less widely recognized, Scholl also owned and flew a Pitts S-2A in the same red, white, and blue livery. Another Art Scholl signature was his dog, "Aileron", who occasionally flew in the Super Chipmunk's cockpit with Scholl in his air show performances. Aileron was hugely popular with the crowds.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl's aerial camera work appeared in many Ridgewood school commercials, television shows and films, including "The Right Stuff", "The Great Waldo Pepper", "Blue Thunder", "Vega$", "The A-Team", "CHiPs", "Iron Eagle", and "Top Gun", his final work in a motion picture. "Top Gun" in its last line of credit states "This film is dedicated to the memory of Art Scholl."


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl was a member of the five-person aerobatic team representing the United States in international competition from 1963 through 1972. He flew competition at Moscow in 1966; Magdeburg, East Germany, 1968; Hullavington, England, 1970, and Salon de Provence, France. In 1974, he won the U.S. National Aerobatic Championship in a Pitts S-2A.


title: Art Scholl

text: Bob Hoover, the World War II fighter pilot, former test pilot and fellow aerobatic pilot, was a close friend of Scholl. Hoover was often at Scholl's Rialto facility, where he also maintained a hangar for his aircraft.


title: Art Scholl

text: Scholl died during the filming of "Top Gun" when his Pitts S-2 camera plane failed to recover from a spin and plunged into the Pacific Ocean. He had entered the spin intentionally in order to capture it on film using on-board cameras. Observers watched the plane continue to spin as it descended past the planned recovery altitude. Scholl's last words over the radio were "I have a problem‚ I have a real problem,” after which the plane impacted the ocean about five miles off the coast, near Carlsbad, California. The exact cause of the crash was never determined. Neither the aircraft nor Scholl's body were ever recovered.


title: Jallikattu

text: ' (or '), also known as ' and ', is a traditional event in which a bull ("Bos indicus"), such as the Pulikulam or Kangayam breeds, is released into a crowd of people, and multiple human participants attempt to grab the large hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the bull attempts to escape. Participants hold the hump for as long as possible, attempting to bring the bull to a stop. In some cases, participants must ride long enough to remove flags on the bull's horns.


title: Jallikattu

text: As there were incidents of injury and death associated with the sport, both to the participants and to the animals forced into it, animal rights organizations have called for a ban on the sport, resulting in the court banning it several times over the past years. However, with protests from the people against the ban, a new ordinance was made in 2017 to continue the sport.


title: Jallikattu

text: Ancient Tamil Sangams described the practice as (), literally 'bull embracing'. The modern term () or () is derived from ('coins') and ('package'), which refers to a prize of coins that is tied to the bull's horns and that participants attempt to retrieve. () literally means 'bull chasing'.


title: Jallikattu

text: has been known to be practiced during the Tamil classical period (400–100 BCE).It was common among the Ayar people who lived in the ‘Mullai’ geographical division of the ancient Tamizh Nadu. Later, it became a platform for display of bravery, and prize money was introduced for participation encouragement. A seal from the Indus Valley civilization depicting the practice is preserved in the National Museum, New Delhi. A cave painting in white kaolin discovered near Madurai depicting a lone man trying to control a bull is estimated to be about 1,500 years old.


title: Jallikattu

text: Bulls enter the competition area through a gate called the . Typically, participants must only hold onto the bull's hump. In some variations, they are disqualified if they hold onto the bull's neck, horns or tail. There may be several goals to the game depending on the region. In some versions, contestants must either hold the bull's hump for 30 seconds or for . If the contestant is thrown by the bull or falls, they lose. Some variations only allow for one contestant. If two people grab the hump, then neither person wins.


title: Jallikattu

text: "Bos indicus" bulls are bred specifically by people of the village for the event. Bulls that are able to participate successfully in the event are used as studs for breeding. These bulls also fetch higher prices in the markets.


title: Jallikattu

text: With the introduction of the Regulation of Jallikattu Act, 2009, by the Tamil Nadu legislature, the following activities were done in preparation of the event:


title: Jallikattu

text: Between 2008 and 2014, 43 humans and 4 bulls were killed in the events. In 2017, there were 23 deaths in addition to about 2,500 human injuries and several instances of injury to the bulls. Year 2020 saw 5 deaths from participation in the event.


title: Jallikattu

text: Animal welfare concerns are related to the handling of the bulls before they are released and also during competitor's attempts to subdue the bull. Practices before the bull is released include prodding the bull with sharp sticks or scythes, extreme bending of the tail which can fracture the vertebrae, and biting of the bull's tail. There are also reports of the bulls being forced to drink alcohol to disorient them, or chilli peppers being rubbed in their eyes to aggravate the bull.


title: Jallikattu

text: During attempts to subdue the bull, they are stabbed by various implements such as knives or sticks, punched, jumped on and dragged to the ground. In variants in which the bull is not enclosed, they may run into traffic or other dangerous places, sometimes resulting in broken bones or death. Protestors claim that is promoted as bull taming, however, others suggest it exploits the bull's natural nervousness as prey animals by deliberately placing them in a terrifying situation in which they are forced to run away from the competitors which they perceive as predators and the practice effectively involves catching a terrified animal. Along with human injuries and fatalities, bulls themselves sometimes sustain injuries or die, which people may interpret as a bad omen for the village.


title: Jallikattu

text: In his work "Animal Rights Without Liberation", which analyses the use of animals in cultural practices and concerns about hypocrisy, political theorist Alasdair Cochrane argues that culture cannot outweigh animal rights or outweigh animal interests in not being killed, even if this entails the destruction of cultures "defined entirely by the grave harm [they cause] to animals" and cites as an example to argue that culture or human interests cannot outweigh animal interests in not suffering. An investigation by the Animal Welfare Board of India concluded that " is inherently cruel to animals".


title: Jallikattu

text: Animal welfare organisations such as the Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations (FIAPO) and PETA India have protested against the practice. The Indian Minister of Women and Child Development Maneka Gandhi denied the claim by aficionados that the sport is only to demonstrate the "Tamil love for the bull", citing that the Tirukkural does not sanction cruelty to animals.


title: Jallikattu

text: The Animal Welfare Board of India filed a case in the Supreme Court of India for an outright ban on because of the cruelty to animals and the threat to public safety involved.


title: Jallikattu

text: On 27 November 2010, the Supreme Court permitted the Government of Tamil Nadu to allow for five months in a year and directed the District Collectors to make sure that the animals that participate in are registered to the Animal Welfare Board and in return the Board would send its representative to monitor the event. The Government of Tamil Nadu ordered that be deposited by the organizers in case of an accident or injury during the event and enacted a rule to allow a team of veterinarians be present at the venue for certifying the bulls for participation in the event and to provide treatment for bulls that get injured.


title: Jallikattu

text: The Ministry of Environment and Forests issued a notification in 2011 that banned the use of bulls as performing animals, thereby banning the event But the practice continued to be held under Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Act No 27 of 2009. On 7 May 2014, the Supreme Court of India struck down the State law and banned altogether. The Supreme Court noted that any flouting of the ban should result in penalties for cruelty to animals under The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. The court also asked the Government of India to amend the law on preventing cruelty to animals to bring bulls within its ambit. The Supreme Court also ruled that cruelty is inherent in these events, as bulls are not anatomically suited for such activities and making them participate is subjecting them to unnecessary pain and suffering, so such events were outlawed.


title: Jallikattu

text: On 8 January 2016, the Ministry of Environment and Forests permitted the continuation of the tradition under certain conditions, effectively ending the ban. However, on 14 January 2016, the Supreme Court of India issued a stay on this order, upholding the ban, after a petition filed by the Animal Welfare Board of India and PETA India, leading to protests all over Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court refused to review its decision on 26 July 2016.


title: Jallikattu

text: On 16 January 2016, the World Youth Organization (WYO) protested at Chennai against the stay on the order overturning ban on conducting in Tamil Nadu. The WYO also demanded a ban on PETA in India.


title: Jallikattu

text: On 8 January 2017, several hundreds of protesters conducted a rally at the Marina in Chennai opposing the ban on . The participants walked from the lighthouse to the labour statue bearing posters saying "save ". A few churches openly conducted prayer mass and rally against the Supreme Court ruling. Following the protests at Chennai, many students started rallies in various towns of Tamil Nadu.


title: Jallikattu

text: After hearing the petitions which were led by the Animal Welfare Board of India challenging central government's notification, the Supreme Court of India on 12 January ordered a stay, issued notices to the central government and the Tamil Nadu government and later refused to lift the stay. Numerous events were held across Tamil Nadu in protest of the ban, and hundreds of participants were detained by police in response. The Supreme Court has agreed to delay its verdict on for a week following the centre's request that doing so would avoid unrest.


title: Jallikattu

text: Due to these protests, on 21 January 2017, the governor of Tamil Nadu issued a new ordinance that authorized the continuation of events. On 23 January 2017 the Tamil Nadu legislature passed a bipartisan bill, with the accession of the Prime Minister, exempting from the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1960). The first legal under this exemption took place on 1 February in Alanganallur, Madurai district.


title: Jallikattu

text: The legal situation surrounding is as yet not clearly resolved. Some, such as ex Ministry of External Affairs cabinet minister Salman Khurshid, have stated that the matter will only be truly resolved if the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act is amended as local ordinances and state laws cannot trump Indian federal law. According to "The Hindu", many other Indian legal experts agreed with Khurshid's view, as federal laws such as the PCA are always more powerful than state laws, and in that respect the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act of 2017 is not much different from the state law overturned in 2009. For its part, PETA India has said that it will "study" the new ordinance, and has not ruled out a challenge to the new law on the same grounds as it challenged the 2009 law. On Jan 25, the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) started the legal process towards another ban by formally challenging the new law before the Supreme Court, but they withdrew the petition on Jan 26. According to the AWBI's acting chairperson, AWBI does not plan to re-file the petition, but he claimed no knowledge of what other organizations, such as PETA, may do.