text: In October, Poland legalized pushback of migrants and asylum seekers by force, which is illegal under EU and international law. Human rights group Amnesty International and other human rights organisations said that Poland and Lithuania breached migrants' rights, as they limit the access of asylum seekers to their territory. Eve Geddie, director of Amnesty International's European Institutions Office, stated that "Forcing people back who are trying to claim asylum without an individual assessment of their protection needs is against European and international law." Poland and Lithuania violated international laws including the prohibition on collective expulsions stipulated in the European Convention on Human Rights. Some of the migrants additionally claim that they were forcefully deported to their country of origin, as in the case of a family from Slemani, Iraqi Kurdistan, who reported to Rudaw that after they were able to enter Poland, they were told they would be transferred to a camp near Warsaw, but they were taken to the airport with some other migrants and flown to Erbil instead.


title: 2021–2022 Belarus–European Union border crisis

text: On 24 November 2021, Human Rights Watch published a report ""Die Here or Go to Poland: Belarus’ and Poland's Shared Responsibility for Border Abuses"" claiming "serious abuses on both sides of the border". HRW accused Belarusian border guards of violence, inhuman and degrading treatment and coercion, and Polish border guards — of pushing the migrants back to Belarus despite pleading for asylum. HRW accused Belarusian authorities of manufacturing the situation which resulted in at least 13 deaths, and suggested that some severe cases of inhumane treatment can be seen as a torture.


text: The groups "Grupa Granica" and "Fundacja Ocalenie" have emerged in Poland as activists providing humanitarian aid for migrants on the ground, as well as "Sienos Grupė" in Lithuania. Famous human right activists such as Anna Alboth, Nawal Soufi, and others have been joining the cause of helping migrants and refugees.


text: Organizations and activists have been facing state ordered crack-downs and criminalization of their actions in both Poland and Lithuania.


text: The events were compared by some commentators and human rights activists to the migrant crisis at the Greece–Turkey border and Turkish President Erdoğan's repeated threat to Europe to expect millions of migrants if Turkey were to open its borders.


text: European Union foreign affairs chief Josep Borrell compared the situation on the Belarus–Poland border to the migrant crisis on the Morocco–Spain border.


text: Poland's Defence Minister Mariusz Blaszczak said the border barrier marking the frontier with Belarus would resemble the one built by Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán on Hungary's border with Serbia during a migrant crisis in 2015. Poland's Interior Minister Mariusz Kamiński said that the new razor-wire border fence armed with heat sensors and cameras will be similar to that on the Greece–Turkey border, with inspiration also drawn from the Hungarian border barrier.


text: Belarus is one of the largest sources of illegal cigarettes in the European Union: in 2017, the European Commissioner for Budget and Administration Günther Oettinger estimated that nearly 10% of illicit cigarettes in the EU originated from Belarus. It is alleged that the smuggling of the Belarusian-produced cigarettes is facilitated by various businessmen, such as Aliaksei Aleksin, who are close to Alexander Lukashenko. This contraband is thought to be an important revenue source for the Lukashenko regime. During the early weeks of the migrant crisis, Belarusian border guards told journalists that they got orders to encourage not only illegal migration, but also cigarette smuggling. In May 2021, Polish customs found the largest cigarette shipment ever in a rail container estimated at US$10 million.


text: Among the threats to the European Union voiced by Alexander Lukashenko in May 2021, the migrants were mentioned with the drugs.A former employee of the presidential administration, Anatoly Kotov, suggested that Belarusian authorities could organize the "drug problem" to the EU after the migration crisis ends.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed on 10 January 1966 that resolved the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Peace had been achieved on 23 September by the intervention of the external powers that pushed the two nations to cease fire, afraid the conflict could escalate and draw in other powers.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: The meeting was held in Tashkent in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union (now Uzbekistan) from 4 to 10 January 1966 to try to create a more permanent settlement.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: The Soviets, represented by Premier Aleksey Kosygin, moderated between Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Muhammad Ayub Khan.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: A declaration was released that was hoped to be a framework for lasting peace by stating that Indian and Pakistani forces would pull back to their pre-conflict positions, their pre-August lines, no later than 25 February 1966; neither nation would interfere in each other's internal affairs; economic and diplomatic relations would be restored; there would be an orderly transfer of prisoners of war, and both leaders would work towards improving bilateral relations.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: The agreement was criticized in both countries as their people were expecting more concessions than they got. In accordance with the Tashkent Declaration, talks at the ministerial level were held on 1 and 2 March 1966. Despite the fact that these talks were unproductive, the diplomatic exchange continued throughout the spring and summer. Results weren't achieved out of these talks, as there was a difference of opinion over the Kashmir issue.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: In India, the agreement was criticized because it did not contain a no-war pact or any renunciation of guerrilla warfare in Kashmir. After signing the agreement, Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died mysteriously in Tashkent. Shastri's sudden death has led to persistent conspiracy theories that he was poisoned. In 1993, journalist Gregory Douglas conducted a series of interviews with CIA officer Robert Crowley. He claimed the CIA had assassinated Shastri, as well as Indian nuclear scientist Homi Bhabha thirteen days later in order to thwart the Indian nuclear programme. The Indian government has refused to declassify a report on his death claiming that this could harm foreign relations, cause disruption in the country and a breach of parliamentary privileges.


title: Tashkent Declaration

text: News of the Tashkent Declaration shocked the people of Pakistan. Things further worsened as Ayub Khan refused to comment and went into seclusion instead of announcing the reasons for signing the agreement. Demonstrations and riots erupted at various places throughout Pakistan. In order to dispel the anger and misgivings of the people, Ayub Khan decided to lay the matter before the people by addressing the nation on 14 January 1966. It was the difference over the Tashkent Declaration, which eventually led to the removal of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from Ayub's government, who later on launched his own party, called the Pakistan People's Party. Although Ayub Khan was able to satisfy the misgivings of the people, the Tashkent Declaration greatly damaged his image and was one of the factors that led to his downfall. These led to the resignation of President Ayub Khan, who invited army chief General Yahya Khan to take over the central government.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Joseph Trevor Wicks (born 21 September 1985), also known as The Body Coach, is a British fitness coach, TV presenter, social media personality and author.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: His fitness method uses High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) workouts. Starting off by posting 15-second recipe videos on social media, Wicks grew his brand to become one of the most followed fitness accounts on Instagram and YouTube. His first published cookbook "Lean in 15: 15-minute meals" was a best-seller in 2015, having sold over 900,000 copies. He has created a "90 Day Plan" with workouts and meals with portions tailored to the individual.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, he began "PE with Joe" on YouTube to try to help children stay active; this livestream had a wide impact and was viewed by over a million users worldwide. The first stream occurred on 23 March and ended about 2 years later; on 22 July. For this, he was awarded his MBE in the Birthday Honours of 2020. He is a Channel 4 television presenter with his own show "The Body Coach".


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks was awarded a Guinness World Record for "most viewers for a fitness workout live stream on YouTube", after achieving over 950,000 viewers on Tuesday 24 March 2020 for his second live stream. The award was presented to him virtually due to the pandemic.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks was born in Epsom, Surrey to Gary Wicks, a roofer, and Raquela Mosquera, a social worker of Italian descent. His maternal grandparents were from the Isle of Man. He grew up on a council estate with his parents and two brothers, Nikki and George.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks attended Blenheim High School in Epsom, Surrey and NESCOT technology college in Epsom. He went on to study sports science at St Mary's University in Twickenham.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Joe Wicks worked as a teaching assistant after completing his sports science degree. After realising it was not his ideal job, he became a personal trainer for the next five years.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: In 2012, he appeared as a contestant on the Channel 4 game show "The Bank Job". He went out first after being the only player left in the vault when the time ran out.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks has been a guest on several UK daytime talk shows, including "Good Morning Britain", "This Morning", "Loose Women" and "Lorraine".


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: A segment on Channel 4 named "Joe Wicks: The Body Coach" aired in 2016 with Wicks as the presenter. As of 2020 there have been 3 episodes.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks began to gain traction for his fitness and nutrition related content on social media. In 2014 he began posting videos to Instagram relating to workouts and nutrition advice. He has amassed over 4.1 million followers on his Instagram account.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: He launched a website called The Body Coach where he sells his kitchenware and a range of fitness/nutrition plans.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks has been recognised by several major publications, such as "Harper's Bazaar", "Elle UK" and "Forbes" for his online fitness efforts.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: He began posting fitness content to his YouTube channel, named 'The Body Coach TV', in 2014. His first video garnered over 6 million views. The channel has amassed over 2.7 million subscribers and more than 282 million views. Wicks also topped both the YouTube charts as the number one trending and breakout creator of the year.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: On 19 March 2020 Wicks uploaded a video announcing that he would begin to produce "P.E with Joe" videos on his channel. These videos were exercise videos aimed at children to keep fit during the COVID-19 pandemic as schools were closed. Wicks announced on his Instagram that he will donate profits from these videos to the NHS. He raised approximately £500,000.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: In November 2020, during the second England National Lockdown, he produced a series of videos called “Wake up with Joe”


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: In 2015, Wicks published a cookbook named "Lean in 15: The Shift Plan" which sold 77,000 copies in its opening week. He released a further two books in the "Lean in 15" series, including "Lean in 15: The Shape Plan", released 2016 and "Lean in 15: The Sustain Plan", also in 2016.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Since the success of the "Lean in 15" series, Wicks has published several more cookbooks. His new cookbook, "Wean in 15" was released on 14 May and focuses on 'weaning babies onto solid food and recipes for time-pressed parents'.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: In November 2020, Wicks completed a 24-hour workout challenge which raised over £2 million for Children in Need. Blue Peter awarded him a Gold Blue Peter Badge as a thank you on behalf of Children in Need.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: In June 2021, Wicks became Patron of The Amber Foundation, a youth homeless charity. Surrey-born Wicks first became aware of The Amber Foundation after his mother, a social worker, started to work with some of the residents at their site near Dorking in Surrey. Since then, Wicks has visited the centre on a number of occasions, donating fitness equipment and giving advice on physical activity and nutrition.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks married glamour model Rosie Jones in June 2019. Together they have three children—a daughter born July 2018, a son born December 2019 and a second daughter born September 2022.


title: Joe Wicks (coach)

text: Wicks was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to fitness and charity.


title: Medha Manjrekar

text: Medha Manjrekar (born 28 April 1967) is an Indian actress and producer in Marathi cinema, known for "Natsamrat" (2016), "Kaksparsh" (2012) and "De Dhakka" (2008). She played lead role opposite Nana Patekar in 2016 Marathi film "Natsamrat", the highest-grossing film in Marathi cinema at the time. She is the wife of Mahesh Manjrekar.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Maycee Kaye Barber (born May 18, 1998) is an American mixed martial artist. She currently competes in the Flyweight division in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of November 15, 2022, she is #12 in the UFC women's flyweight rankings.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber was born in Greeley, Colorado. She began pursuing mixed martial arts (MMA) at an early age and set her eyes on becoming a professional fighter. In an interview with Yahoo Sports' Kevin Iole, Barber's father, Bucky Barber, said: "At that point, it was, 'OK, the better we make her as a fighter, the less damage she's going to take.' So we started to travel, and we took her literally all over the United States. "


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber made her professional debut against Itzel Esquivel at on June 23, 2017. She won the fight by a first-round armbar submission.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber was booked to face Mallory Martin at on September 8, 2017. She won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber faced Audrey Perkins at on May 4, 2018, in her final fight with the promotion. She won the fight by a second-round technical knockout, the first knockout victory of her professional career.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Mayce Barber faced Jamie Colleen at Dana White's Contender Series 13 on July 17, 2018. She received a UFC contract after earning a stoppage in the third round.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber made her UFC debut on November 10, 2018 on against Hannah Cifers. She won the fight via TKO in round two.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber faced JJ Aldrich at on March 23, 2019. Barber won the fight via technical knockout in round two.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber faced Gillian Robertson on October 18, 2019 at UFC on ESPN 6. She won the fight via technical knockout in round one.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber faced Roxanne Modafferi on January 18, 2020 at UFC 246. She lost the one-sided fight by unanimous decision.


title: Maycee Barber

text: After a year of hiatus recovering from a knee injury, Barber faced Alexa Grasso on February 13, 2021 at UFC 258. She lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber faced Miranda Maverick on July 24, 2021 at . She won the fight via controversial split decision. 22 out of 22 media outlets scored the bout as a win for Maverick.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber was expected to face Montana De La Rosa on December 11, 2021 at UFC 269. However, De La Rosa pulled out of the fight in early October citing injury and she was replaced by Erin Blanchfield. In turn, Barber withdrew in early November due to undisclosed reasons.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber faced Montana De La Rosa on April 23, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 205. She won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Maycee Barber

text: Barber, replacing injured Casey O'Neill, faced Jessica Eye on July 2, 2022, at UFC 276. She won the bout via unanimous decision.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: The first season of the "Dragon Ball Z" anime series contains the Raditz and Vegeta arcs, which comprises the Saiyan Saga, which adapts the 17th through the 21st volumes of the "Dragon Ball" manga series by Akira Toriyama. The series follows the adventures of Goku. The episodes deal with Goku as he learns about his Saiyan heritage and battles Raditz, Nappa, and Vegeta, three other Saiyans who want Goku to join them and help them destroy life on Earth.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: The season initially ran from April 1989 until February 1990 in Japan on Fuji Television. The season was then licensed for a heavily edited dubbed broadcast by Funimation Entertainment. Their adaptation first ran in September 1996 through September 1997, primarily on FOX, UPN and WB affiliate stations in the United States and Canada. The 39 episodes were cut down to a mere 28. Their edited adaptation was syndicated to television by Saban Entertainment, and was released by Geneon Entertainment (then known as Pioneer) on VHS and DVD between 1997 and 1999. Eventually, Geneon Entertainment lost the distribution license to the first 67 episodes and Funimation began redubbing the series for an uncut broadcast. The unedited version was released on DVD in 2005, but later cancelled and Funimation eventually began releasing season box sets of "Dragon Ball Z" and they re-released their first season on February 6, 2007. In late 2013, the company released the first season box set on the Blu-ray Disc format. In June 2009, Funimation announced that they would be releasing "Dragon Ball Z" in a new seven volume set called the "Dragon Box". Based on the original series masters with frame-by-frame restoration, the first set was released November 10, 2009.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: Two pieces of theme music were used throughout the season. The opening theme, "Cha-La Head-Cha-La", is performed by Hironobu Kageyama and the ending theme, is performed by Manna. The theme for the original 1996–1997 English dub is "Rock the Dragon", performed by Jeremy Sweet. The uncut English redub from 2005 uses "Dragon Ball Z Movie theme" by Mark Menza.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: In 1996, Funimation began working on their first season of an English dub for "Dragon Ball Z". The company had previously produced a dub of "Dragon Ball"'s first 13 episodes and first movie during 1995, but when plans for a second season were cancelled due to lower than expected ratings, they partnered with Saban Entertainment (known at the time for shows such as "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" and "") to distribute their adaptation to Fox, UPN and The WB affiliate stations. While Saban had a history of acquiring the rights to various anime series to be dubbed, Funimation still controlled the American license to the property during this period.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: The program would air during early morning time slots in most markets. It was part of the "Saban Network for Kids", a 1996–97 syndicated programming block which included other Saban anime dubs, such as "Eagle Riders" and "Samurai Pizza Cats", as well as "Masked Rider", "Saban's Adventures of Oliver Twist" and "The Why Why Family". Heightened exposure from Saban helped ensure a larger audience for the series, which led to Funimation creating a second syndicated dub season in 1997, intended to air in its own hour long block.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: Like the prior "Dragon Ball" dub from 1995, this production used Canadian voice actors from Vancouver, British Columbia. However, this time ADR work was handled by The Ocean Group (now known as Ocean Productions), leading to fans referring to this dub as "the Ocean dub". Funimation also outsourced the role of music to ex-Saban musician Ron Wasserman, who was allowed to compose the background score from his home in Los Angeles, California. The theme song "Main Title" (known by fans as "Rock the Dragon") was created by Saban Entertainment, with the vocals performed by Jeremy Sweet.


title: Dragon Ball Z (season 1)

text: In 2004–2005, Funimation redubbed these episodes, now with their then-current American voice actors from Dallas, Texas. Unlike the 1996–1997 Ocean/Saban co-production, this dub had no episodes or scenes cut out, and no visual censorship; and while the script was still not based on a translation, they did rewrite it, and even threw in curse words. It featured a new background score by Dallas-based composer Nathan M. Johnson.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Cisalpine Gaul (, also called "Gallia Citerior" or "Gallia Togata") was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts (Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: After its conquest by the Roman Republic in the 200s BC it was considered geographically part of Roman Italy but remained administratively separated until 42 BC. It was a Roman province from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was "de jure" merged into Roman Italy as indicated in Caesar's unpublished acts ("Acta Caesaris").


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Cisalpine means "on this side of the Alps" (from the perspective of the Romans), as opposed to Transalpine Gaul ("on the far side of the Alps").


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Gallia Cisalpina was further subdivided into "Gallia Cispadana" and "Gallia Transpadana", i.e. its portions south and north of the Po River, respectively.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Roman province of the 1st century BC was bounded on the north and west by the Alps, in the south as far as Placentia by the river Po, and then by the Apennines and the river Rubicon, and in the east by the Adriatic Sea.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: In 49 BC all inhabitants of Cisalpine Gaul received Roman citizenship, and eventually the province was divided among four of the eleven regions of Italy: "Regio VIII Gallia Cispadana", "Regio IX Liguria", "Regio X Venetia et Histria" and "Regio XI Gallia Transpadana".


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Canegrate culture (13th century BC) may represent the first migratory wave of the proto-Celtic population from the northwest part of the Alps that, through the Alpine passes, penetrated and settled in the western Po valley between Lake Maggiore and Lake Como (Scamozzina culture). They brought a new funerary practice—cremation—which supplanted inhumation. It has also been proposed that a more ancient proto-Celtic presence can be traced back to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (16th-15th century BC), when, regarding the production of bronze artifacts, including ornaments, North Western Italy appears to have been closely linked to the western groups of the Tumulus culture (Central Europe, 1600 BC - 1200 BC). The bearers of the Canegrate culture maintained its homogeneity for only a century, after which it melded with the Ligurian aboriginal populations and with this union gave rise to a new phase called the Golasecca culture, which is nowadays identified with the Celtic Lepontii. According to Livy (v. 34), the Bituriges, Arverni, Senones, Aedui, Ambarri, Carnutes, and Aulerci led by Bellovesus, arrived in northern Italy during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus (7th-6th century BC) and occupied the area between Milan and Cremona. Milan ("Mediolanum") itself was presumably founded by Gauls in the early 6th century BC; its name has a Celtic etymology: "[city] in the middle of the [Padanic] plain". Polybius, in the 2nd century BC, wrote that the Celts in northern Italy co-existed with Etruscan nations during a period before the Sack of Rome in 390 BC.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Ligures lived on the Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South-east French and North-west Italian coasts, including parts of Tuscany, Elba island and Corsica. Ligurian tribes were also present in Latium (see Rutuli) and in Samnium. According to Plutarch they called themselves "Ambrones", which suggests a possible relationship between them and the Ambrones of northern Europe. Little is known of the Ligurian language. Only place-names and personal names remain. It appears to be an Indo-European language with both Italic and particularly strong Celtic affinities. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were known in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek , Keltolígues). Modern linguists, like Xavier Delamarre, argue that Ligurian was a Celtic language with some similarity to Gaulish. The Ligurian-Celtic question is also discussed by Barruol (1999). Ancient Ligurian is listed either as Celtic (epigraphic) or Para-Celtic (onomastic).


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Veneti were an Indo-European people who inhabited north-eastern Italy, in an area corresponding to the modern-day region of the Veneto, Friuli, and Trentino. By the 4th century BC the Veneti had been so Celticized that Polybius wrote that the Veneti of the 2nd century BC were identical to the Gauls except for their language. The Greek historian Strabo (64 BC–AD 24), on the other hand, conjectured that the Adriatic Veneti were descended from Celts, who in turn were related to a later Celtic tribe of the same name whose members lived on the Armorican coast and fought against Julius Caesar. He further suggested that the identification of the Adriatic Veneti with the Paphlagonian Enetoi led by Antenor — which he attributes to Sophocles (496–406 BC) — had been a mistake caused by the similarity of the names.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: In 391 BC, Celts "who had their homes beyond the Alps, streamed through the passes in great strength and seized the territory that lay between the Apennine mountains and the Alps" according to Diodorus Siculus. The Roman army was routed in the battle of Allia, and Rome was sacked in 390 BC by the Senones.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The defeat of the combined Samnite, Celtic and Etruscan alliance by the Romans in the Third Samnite War ending in 290 BC sounded the beginning of the end of the Celtic domination in mainland Europe. At the Battle of Telamon in 225 BC, a large Celtic army was trapped between two Roman forces and crushed.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: In the Second Punic War, the Boii and Insubres allied themselves with the Carthaginians, laying siege to Mutina (Modena). In response, Rome sent an expedition led by L. Manlius Vulso. Vulso's army was ambushed twice, and the Senate sent Scipio with an additional force to provide support. These were the Roman forces encountered by Hannibal after his crossing of the Alps. The Romans were defeated in the Battle of the Ticinus, leading to all the Gauls except for the Cenomani to join the insurgency. Rome then sent the army of Tiberius Sempronius Longus who engaged Hannibal in the Battle of the Trebia, also resulting in a Roman defeat, forcing Rome to temporarily abandon Gallia Cisalpina altogether, returning only after the defeat of Carthage in 202 BC.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica completed the conquest of the Boii in 191 BC, although the Ligurians were only finally subdued when the Apuani were defeated by Marcus Claudius Marcellus in 155 BC.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Sometimes referred to as "Gallia Citerior" ("Hither Gaul"), "Provincia Ariminum", or "Gallia Togata" ("Toga-wearing Gaul", indicating the region's early Romanization). "Gallia Transpadana" denoted that part of Cisalpine Gaul between the Padus (now the Po River) and the Alps, while "Gallia Cispadana" was the part to the south of the river.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: Probably officially established around 81 BC, the province was governed from Mutina (modern-day Modena), where, in 73 BC, forces under Spartacus defeated the legion of Gaius Cassius Longinus, the provincial governor.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: In 49 BC, with the Lex Roscia, Julius Caesar granted to the populations of the province the full Roman citizenship.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Rubicon River marked its southern boundary with Italia proper. By crossing this river in 49 BC with his loyal XIII Legion, returning from the conquest of Gaul, Julius Caesar precipitated the civil war within the Roman Republic which led, eventually, to the establishment of the Roman Empire. To this day the term "crossing the Rubicon" means, figuratively, "reaching the point of no return".


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The province was merged into Italia about 42 BC, as part of Octavian's "Italicization" program during the Second Triumvirate. The dissolution of the "provincia" required a new governing law or "lex", although its contemporary title is unknown. The parts of it inscribed on a bronze tablet preserved in the museum at Parma are entirely concerned with arranging the judiciary: the law appoints two "viri" and four "viri juri dicundo" and also mentions a Prefect of Mutina.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Canegrate culture reflects a late Bronze Age to early Iron Age culture in the Pianura Padana. These areas are now known as western Lombardy, eastern Piedmont and Canton Ticino.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Canegrate culture testifies to the arrival of Urnfield migratory wave of populations from the northwest part of the Alps that, crossing the alpine passes, had infiltrated and settled in the western Po area between Lake Maggiore and the Lake of Como (see: Scamozzina culture). They were bearers of a new funerary practice, which supplanted the old culture of inhumation instead introducing cremation.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The population of Canegrate maintained its own homogeneity for a limited period of time, approximately a century, after which they blended with the Ligurian aboriginal populations to create a new culture called the Golasecca culture.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: The Culture of Golasecca (9th to 4th centuries BC) spread between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age in the areas of northwestern Lombardy and Piedmont, and the Canton Ticino . At the end of the prehistoric period, this was an area where travelers frequently stopped and had contact with the Hallstatt culture to the west, the Urnfield culture to the north and with the Villanova culture to the south. The Golasecca culture was initially concentrated in the foothills area south of the Alps. It later spread throughout the lakes area, and established many settlements representing this original culture. The oldest remains found thus far can be dated from the 9th century BC.


title: Cisalpine Gaul

text: There is some debate whether the Lepontic language should be considered as a Gaulish dialect or an independent branch within Continental Celtic. Apart from Lepontic, the "Cisalpine Gaulish language" proper would be the Gaulish language as spoken by the Gauls invading northern Italy in the 4th century BC. This is a dialect of the larger Gaulish language, with some known phonetic features distinguishing it from Transalpine dialects, such as "-nn-" replacing "-nd-" and "s(s)" replacing "-χs-".


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: The Delaware General Corporation Law (Title 8, Chapter 1 of the Delaware Code) is the statute of the Delaware Code that governs corporate law in the U.S. state of Delaware. Adopted in 1899, the statute has since seen Delaware become the most important jurisdiction in United States corporate law. Delaware is considered a corporate haven because of its business-friendly corporate laws compared to most other U.S. states. Over half of publicly traded corporations listed in the New York Stock Exchange (including its owner, Intercontinental Exchange) and 66% of the "Fortune" 500, including Walmart, the world's largest company by revenue, are incorporated (and therefore have its domicile for service of process purposes) in the state.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: Delaware acquired its status as a corporate haven in the early 20th century. Following the example of New Jersey, which enacted corporate-friendly laws at the end of the 19th century to attract businesses from New York, Delaware adopted on March 10, 1899, a general incorporation act aimed at attracting more businesses. The group that pushed for this legislation intended to establish a corporation that would sell services to other businesses incorporating in Delaware. Before the rise of general incorporation acts, forming a corporation required a special act of the state legislature. General incorporation allowed anyone to form a corporation by simply raising money and filing articles of incorporation with the state's Secretary of State.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: Because of the extensive experience of the Delaware courts, Delaware has a more well-developed body of case law than other states, which serves to give corporations and their counsel greater guidance on matters of corporate governance and transaction liability issues. Disputes over the internal affairs of Delaware corporations are usually filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery, which is a separate court of equity, as opposed to a court of law. Because it is a court of equity, there are no juries; its cases are heard by judges, called chancellors. Since 2018, the court has consisted of one chancellor and six vice-chancellors. The court is a trial court, with one chancellor hearing each case. Litigants may appeal final decisions of the Court of Chancery to the Delaware Supreme Court.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: Delaware has also attracted major credit card banks because of its relaxed rules regarding interest. Many U.S. states have usury laws limiting the amount of interest a lender can charge. Federal law allows a national bank to "import" these laws from the state in which its principal office is located. Delaware (among others) has relatively relaxed interest laws, so several national banks have decided to locate their principal office in Delaware. National banks are, however, corporations formed under federal law, not Delaware law. A corporation formed under Delaware state law benefits from the relaxed interest rules to the extent it conducts business in Delaware, but is subject to restrictions of other states' laws if it conducts business in other states.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: Pursuant to the "internal affairs doctrine", corporations which act in more than one state are subject only to the laws of their state of incorporation with regard to the regulation of the internal affairs of the corporation. As a result, Delaware corporations are subject almost exclusively to Delaware law, even when they do business in other states.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: While most states require a for-profit corporation to have at least one director and two officers, Delaware laws do not have this restriction. All offices may be held by a single person who also can be the sole shareholder. The person, who does not need to be a U.S. citizen or resident, may also operate anonymously with only the listing agent through whom the company is registered named.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: Delaware charges no income tax on corporations not operating within the state, so taking advantage of Delaware's other benefits does not result in taxation. At the same time, Delaware has a particularly aggressive tax on banks that locate in the state. However, in general, the state is viewed as a positive location for corporate tax purposes because favorable laws of incorporation allow companies to minimize corporate expenditures (achieved through legal standardization of corporate legal processes), creating a nucleus in Delaware with operating companies often in other states.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: In addition, Delaware has used its position as the state of incorporation to generate revenue from its abandoned and unclaimed property laws. Under U.S. Supreme Court precedent, the state of incorporation gets to keep any abandoned and unclaimed property, such as uncashed checks and unredeemed gift certificates, if the corporation does not have information about the location of the owner of the property.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: A state may levy, however, a franchise tax on the corporations incorporated in it. Franchise taxes in Delaware are actually far higher than in most other states which typically charge little or nothing beyond corporate income taxes on the portion of the corporation's business done in that state. Delaware's franchise taxes supply about one-fifth of its state revenue.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: In February 2013, "The Economist" published an article on tax-friendly jurisdictions, commenting that Delaware stood for "Dollars and Euros Laundered And Washed At Reasonable Expense". Jeffrey W. Bullock, Delaware's Secretary of State, insists that the state has struck the right balance between curbing criminality and "paying deference to the millions of legitimate businesspeople who benefit" from hassle-free incorporation.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: On June 30, 2013, Delaware Governor Jack Markell signed into law amendments to the Delaware General Corporation Law that affect several provisions in the current law and could substantially affect the process through which public companies are merged. The new legislation took effect August 1, 2013, except for ratification of defective corporate acts amendment which took effect in 2014.


title: Delaware General Corporation Law

text: In 2020, the Delaware Supreme Court upheld a provision allowing companies to require in their certificates of incorporation all Securities Act of 1933 claims to be filed in federal court.


title: Even and odd functions

text: In mathematics, even functions and odd functions are functions which satisfy particular symmetry relations, with respect to taking additive inverses. They are important in many areas of mathematical analysis, especially the theory of power series and Fourier series. They are named for the parity of the powers of the power functions which satisfy each condition: the function formula_1 is an even function if "n" is an even integer, and it is an odd function if "n" is an odd integer.


title: Even and odd functions

text: Evenness and oddness are generally considered for real functions, that is real-valued functions of a real variable. However, the concepts may be more generally defined for functions whose domain and codomain both have a notion of additive inverse. This includes abelian groups, all rings, all fields, and all vector spaces. Thus, for example, a real function could be odd or even (or neither), as could a complex-valued function of a vector variable, and so on.


title: Even and odd functions

text: Let "f" be a real-valued function of a real variable. Then "f" is even if the following equation holds for all "x" such that "x" and −"x" are in the domain of "f":


title: Even and odd functions

text: Geometrically, the graph of an even function is symmetric with respect to the "y"-axis, meaning that its graph remains unchanged after reflection about the "y"-axis.


title: Even and odd functions

text: Again, let "f" be a real-valued function of a real variable. Then "f" is odd if the following equation holds for all "x" such that "x" and −"x" are in the domain of "f":


title: Even and odd functions

text: Geometrically, the graph of an odd function has rotational symmetry with respect to the origin, meaning that its graph remains unchanged after rotation of 180 degrees about the origin.


title: Even and odd functions

text: Every function may be uniquely decomposed as the sum of an even and an odd function, which are called respectively the even part and the odd part of the function; if one defines


title: Even and odd functions

text: For example, the hyperbolic cosine and the hyperbolic sine may be regarded as the even and odd parts of the exponential function, as the first one is an even function, the second one is odd, and


title: Even and odd functions

text: A function's being odd or even does not imply differentiability, or even continuity. For example, the Dirichlet function is even, but is nowhere continuous.


title: Even and odd functions

text: In the following, properties involving derivatives, Fourier series, Taylor series, and so on suppose that these concepts are defined of the functions that are considered.


title: Even and odd functions

text: In signal processing, harmonic distortion occurs when a sine wave signal is sent through a memory-less nonlinear system, that is, a system whose output at time "t" only depends on the input at time "t" and does not depend on the input at any previous times. Such a system is described by a response function formula_25. The type of harmonics produced depend on the response function "f":


title: Even and odd functions

text: Note that this does not hold true for more complex waveforms. A sawtooth wave contains both even and odd harmonics, for instance. After even-symmetric full-wave rectification, it becomes a triangle wave, which, other than the DC offset, contains only odd harmonics.


title: Even and odd functions

text: The definitions for even and odd symmetry for complex-valued functions of a real argument are similar to the real case but involve complex conjugation.


title: Even and odd functions

text: The definitions of odd and even symmetry are extended to "N"-point sequences (i.e. functions of the form formula_38) as follows:


title: Even and odd functions

text: Such a sequence is sometimes called an anti-palindromic sequence; see also Antipalindromic polynomial.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: Bullet is a 1996 American crime drama film directed by Julien Temple and starring Mickey Rourke, Tupac Shakur, Donnie Wahlberg, Adrien Brody, Ted Levine, John Enos III, and featuring early appearances by Peter Dinklage and Michael K. Williams. The screenplay was written by Bruce Rubenstein and Rourke, under the pseudonym 'Sir' Eddie Cook. Mickey Rourke was also the music supervisor of the film.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: The film was shot in New York City in 1994 with a significant portion done in Brooklyn. The film’s release was delayed by over two years and it ended up having limited distribution in the United States in October 1996, a month after the death of Tupac Shakur. It was released direct to video worldwide.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: Thirty-five-year-old Jewish-American convict and junkie Butch "Bullet" Stein (Mickey Rourke) is released from prison on parole after serving an 8-year sentence for being an accomplice to a robbery, perpetrated by his friend, Irish-American gangster Paddy. After his release, Bullet and his best friend Lester (John Enos III) rob two teenagers for drugs.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: He also robs drug runner Flaco (Manny Pérez) and stabs him in the eye, telling him to notify his boss Tank (Tupac Shakur) of Bullet's return. He returns to Brooklyn to live with his dysfunctional family, including his alcoholic father, depressed mother and his two brothers, the older mentally unstable Vietnam veteran Louis (Ted Levine), and his younger brother Ruby (Adrien Brody), an aspiring graffiti artist.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: Tank is a local drug kingpin with a score to settle after Bullet stabbed him in the eye while they were serving time together. Bullet seems to welcome the challenge. Tank first pressures Paddy to find and deliver Bullet to him. Later, he tries to have him killed by having one of Paddy's dealers sell Bullet drugs laced with poison. This fails when the drug spot is robbed by gunmen, one of whom proceeds to stab Ruby through the hand with a knife.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: Throughout the film, Bullet keeps himself occupied by shooting heroin and robbing his neighbor's house for jewelry, which he and Lester sell to an Italian-American gangster named "Frankie Eyelashes" (Larry Romano). He also encourages Ruby to follow his artistic dreams and has a deep friend-to-friend talk with Lester over Lester's potential closeted homosexuality because of his mother abandoning him and his father's passing when he was a child, but he denies it.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: After the first failed attempt to kill Bullet, Tank gets one of his henchmen to start a fight with Bullet, which is witnessed by Louis and ends in a draw when the henchman breaks his hand. Paddy figures out Tank's attempt to kill Bullet and that he is trying to play him and his associates against one another. He and his henchman Big Balls (Donnie Wahlberg) confront Tank about it, proceeding to kill two of his henchmen, including High Top (Michael K. Williams).


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: Bullet briefly returns home and apologizes to his mother for everything he put her through over the years. He later goes to a nightclub with Ruby and Lester. Paddy tries to help him escape because Tank is on the way to kill him. Bullet then accepts his fate when he is cornered by Tank and his men and has a final showdown with Tank, who shoots him dead, horrifying Ruby.


title: Bullet (1996 film)

text: Soon after Bullet's funeral, Louis gets revenge by sneaking up on an unsuspecting Tank as he tries to enter his club and proceeding to cut Tank's throat, killing him. Louis then leaves Bullet's pet rat (named after Tony Curtis) on the corpse, exclaiming "Payback's a motherfucker" (a line which Tank said to Bullet when he had his henchman battle Bullet). The film ends with Louis watching Bullet's rat prepare to feast on Tank's corpse.


title: Brett Tucker

text: Brett Alan Tucker (born 21 May 1972) is an Australian actor and singer. He was a series regular in "The Saddle Club", "McLeod's Daughters", and "Mistresses". He is also known for his role as Daniel Fitzgerald in "Neighbours". He played Seattle Fire Chief Lucas Ripley on ABC's TV series "Station 19".


title: Brett Tucker

text: For his role as Dave Brewer on the drama "McLeod's Daughters", he apprenticed with a real country veterinarian to research his role.


title: Brett Tucker

text: Tucker's onstage credits include "The Woman in Black" in 2006, and The Great Gatsby playing Jay Gatsby' in 1997.


title: Brett Tucker

text: From 1999 to 2000, he played the role of Daniel Fitzgerald in "Neighbours", a role which he returned to in late 2007. In June 2009, it was announced that he would be leaving the show to pursue acting opportunities in the United States. In addition to "Neighbours", Tucker played Max in "The Saddle Club".


title: Brett Tucker

text: Since moving to the United States, Tucker has appeared in episodes of "", "", "Castle", "Rizzoli & Isles" and "NCIS". He also appeared in "Off The Map" and the TV film, "Criminal Behaviour". Tucker appeared as Harry Davis in "Mistresses". During 2018 and 2019, he played Chief Lucas Ripley on "Station 19" for 17 episodes.


title: Brett Tucker

text: Born one of three sons and one daughter on 21 May 1972 to Ken and Janice Tucker, he grew up in the Yarra Valley of Victoria with his three siblings – Nicky, Mark and David.


title: FC Dnipro

text: Football Club Dnipro (, ) was a Ukrainian football club based in Dnipro. The club was owned by the Privat Group that also owns BC Dnipro and Budivelnyk Kyiv.


title: FC Dnipro

text: In 2018 FC Dnipro was forced into bankruptcy by FIFA due to multiple legal claims for failing to pay its promised monetary compensation to players and managers.


title: FC Dnipro

text: During the Soviet era, the club was a member of the Soviet Volunteer Sports Society "Metallurg" (therefore it carried names Metallurg/Metalurh and Stal) and until 1961 was under sponsorship of the Petrovsky Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Plant. After that, the club was sponsored by the Southern Machine-building Plant Yuzhmash and carried both names Russian Dnepr and Ukrainian "Dnipro", while Dnepr was also used for international competitions. During the Soviet era, the club was the second most successful club, based in Ukraine, that participated in the Soviet Top League, winning in 1983 and 1988. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the club was privatized.


title: FC Dnipro

text: The club was formed in 1918 by the Petrovsky factory and was called BRIT (Brianskyi Robitnychyi Industrialnyi Tekhnikum). The team participated in the regional competition, the Katerynoslav championship. BRIT played its games in the "Sokil" stadium, a small venue located at the corner of Pushkin and Yuriy Savchenko streets, which it shared with four other clubs.


title: FC Dnipro

text: With the outbreak of World War I, BRIT was disbanded until 9 May 1925, when a new team was formed in Dnipropetrovsk. The team participated during the first season under the name "Petrovsky factory," which was changed in 1926 to "Petrovets." The team entered the first Soviet competition under the name of "Stal" (steel) in 1936, participating in three championships before World War II. In 1947, the team re-entered the Soviet competition after merging with another club from Dnipropetrovsk, Dynamo Dnipropetrovsk. From 1949 until 1961, the team was called "Metalurh" ("metal worker"). From 1950 to 1952, it was relegated to amateur status due to poor results. In 1954, "Metalurh Dnipropetrovsk" reached the semi-finals of the USSR Cup, where it lost to Spartak Yerevan.


title: FC Dnipro

text: In 1961, the team was handed over to its new sponsor, the "Yugmash" (the Southern machine-producing factory), which at that time was one of the most powerful factories in the entire Soviet Union and was funded by the Ministry of Defense. It was part of the Zenit volunteer sports society. The new sponsor changed the team's name to the Russian name of Dnieper River, "Dnepr", as the Russian was the accepted language of the Soviet Union and the Soviet government. The team's performance did not change much until after 1968, when "Dnepr" obtained Andriy Biba and the new coach – Valery Lobanovsky. After that, it took the team three years to get promoted to the Soviet Top League and eventually finished in sixth place in 1972.


title: FC Dnipro

text: In 1973 and 1976, Dnepr reached the semi-finals of the USSR Cup. In 1978, the team was relegated to the lower league for two years. Their next return to the top flight was not as inviting as their first one and the team languished at the bottom of the table for several years. In the following years, the governing body of the team hired new promising coaches – "Volodymyr Yemets" and "Hennadiy Zhizdik". After those changes, "Dnepr" became a strong contender for the Soviet championship winning it twice: once with Yemets and Zhizdik in 1983, and another one with Yevhen Kucherevsky in 1988. Also, in 1989 "Dnepr" became the first professional football club in the Soviet Union. During those years, the team featured many notable players such as Oleg Protasov, Hennadiy Lytovchenko, Oleksiy Cherednyk and Oleh Taran.


title: FC Dnipro

text: Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the club took on the Ukrainian version name of "Dnipro", the name of the biggest river and one of the major symbols of Ukraine. The club joined the football federation of the native country and remained one of the top contenders in the newly formed Ukrainian Premier League. The team received a silver medal in 1993, as well as the bronze in 1992, 1995, 1996, 2001 and 2004. The team also reached the Ukrainian Cup finals in 1995, 1997 and 2004, losing all three to Shakhtar Donetsk. Dnipro is currently controlled by the Privat Group.


title: FC Dnipro

text: On 14 May 2015, Dnipro qualified for the 2015 UEFA Europa League Final by defeating Napoli 1–0 in Ukraine after having drawn 1–1 in Italy, the first time in the club's history that it reached the final in a European competition. Despite going up 1–0 in the sixth minute against Spanish side Sevilla, Dnipro eventually lost 3–2. Despite the defeat, the match crowned one of the club's greatest seasons, during which Dnipro had to play all of their home matches some 400 kilometres away in Kyiv due to the conflict in eastern Ukraine. On 31 March 2016, the club was excluded by UEFA from participating in the next UEFA club competition for which it would otherwise qualify in the next three seasons (2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19) for violating the Financial Fair Play regulations.


title: FC Dnipro

text: In late June 2016, there were rumours that club owner Ihor Kolomoyskyi had stopped funding the club. Kolomoyskyi immediately denied this but did state, "The club will not exist in the same form as before;" and that it was "not normal to spend crazy amounts of money" to keep the current squad intact.


title: FC Dnipro

text: The 2016–17 season was disastrous for Dnipro. Due to outstanding debts owed to coach Juande Ramos and his staff, the FFU prevented Dnipro from signing new players other than free agents. On 26 October 2016, Dnipro was assessed a penalty of 6 points for the same reason. In April 2017, 3 additional points were deducted. At the conclusion of the 2016–2017 season, Dnipro were relegated directly to the Ukrainian Second League (third level) for the first time in club history.


title: FC Dnipro

text: In the 2017–18 season the club with a new squad started well in the Group B of the Second League, for 13 matches in row going on high positions (second-fourth places). But the points have been deducted once more with their number reaching up to 18 until the end of the season, which resulted in club finishing on 8th place.


title: FC Dnipro

text: On 7 June 2018 FIFA decided to once more relegate the club and for the 2018–19 season the club was to play


title: FC Dnipro

text: in the Amateur League. In the 2019–20 Amateur League the club did not participate. In 2019 some players, coaching and managing staff joined SC Dnipro-1, particularly the whole coaching staff of Dnipro in full composition was appointed to the Dnipro-1's under-21 team.


title: FC Dnipro

text: On 22 February 2021, FIFA dismissed the claim of Jaba Kankava who appealed with a request to recognize SC Dnipro-1 a sports successor of FC Dnipro in order to recover his unpaid salary from FC Dnipro.


title: FC Dnipro

text: Since 1966, Dnipro's home was Meteor Stadium in Dnipropetrovsk. Prior to that, the club played at the Metalurh Stadium (formerly Stal Stadium). Meteor Stadium was built by the Soviet rocket company Yuzhmash on the original site and has undergone several renovations since, the last one being in 2001. In 2002, however, after several spells in European competitions, it became clear that the club needed a new modern venue. Thus, in 2005, Pryvat Group started construction of Dnipro Arena in the centre of the city. The club played its last game at Meteor on 2 September 2008, against Metalist Kharkiv.


title: FC Dnipro

text: In April 2005, the club's new arena broke ground. It was constructed by Germany's largest construction company Hochtief. The construction itself took three years and four months, but a nine-month delay occurred due to a land dispute over a site where the stadium's car park was planned. The stadium's final capacity is 31,003 people and the initial estimated cost of the construction was set at €40 million.


title: FC Dnipro

text: The stadium was opened on 15 September 2008. The opening ceremony featured a speech by Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko, a concert performance by a number of famous Ukrainian musicians and two football matches: Veterans of Dynamo Kyiv vs. Spartak Moscow veterans, and Dnipro against Dynamo Kyiv. As a gift to the club from the city, the street that the stadium is situated on was renamed into Kucherevskyi Boulevard, in honour of Dnipro's late coach Yevhen Kucherevskyi. Dnipro played their first official game on 29 September 2008 against their local rivals Metalurh Zaporizhya, but Dnipro lost 1–2. They set a new attendance record for the Ukrainian Premier League 2008–09 season at 31,000 spectators.


title: FC Dnipro

text: Since the beginning of conflict in Eastern Ukraine, Dnipro have played their European matches at the Olympic Stadium in Kyiv at the behest of UEFA, although there has been comparatively less conflict in Dnipropetrovsk than other areas.


title: FC Dnipro

text: The formation of the fan movement in Dnipropetrovsk began in the early 1980s, which saw the appearance of the first representatives of Dnipro ultras at the stadium. Later was established one of the largest fans unions – the "Braty po Zbroyi" () – involving Dnipro, Dynamo Kyiv and Karpaty Lviv.


title: FC Dnipro

text: Most of the fans hold right-wing ideological views (Ukrainian nationalism). Dnipro is considered the third most popular club in Ukraine, and home and away matches are attended by large crowds. The largest Dnipro ultras groups are the "Voice of the North Stand" () and "Ultras'83" (83).


title: FC Dnipro

text: The most famous derby in eastern Ukraine is the "Skhidne Derby" (English: Eastern Derby) between Dnipro and Metalist Kharkiv. The game at the stadium is very hard and almost every game ends in a fight between football fans from Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv. There was also a city derby in Dnipropetrovsk between Dnipro and Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih. In May 2016, Metalist Kharkiv was removed from Ukraine's professional football leagues. Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih is, after its 2013 bankruptcy, an amateur club.


title: FC Dnipro

text: FC Dnipro participates in European competitions since 1984 after playing its first against Trabzonspor. Since 2001, however, the club participates almost on annual basis with variable successes. This was interrupted in 2016, when, despite finishing third place, Dnipro was forbidden to play in the European competitions by UEFA.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Zubeen Garg (born Zubeen Borthakur; 18 November 1972) is an Indian singer, music director, composer, lyricist, music producer, actor, film director, film producer, script writer and philanthropist. He primarily works for and sings in the Assamese, Bengali and Hindi-language film and music industries, but has sung in many other languages and dialects, including Bishnupriya Manipuri, Boro, English, Goalpariya, Kannada, Karbi, Khasi, Malayalam, Marathi, Mising, Nepali, Odia, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Tiwa. He is also an instrumentalist and plays 12 instruments including Ananda Lohori, dhol, dotara, drums, guitar, harmonica, harmonium, mandolin, keyboard, tabla and various percussion instruments. He is Assam's highest-paid singer.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: In 2011, Zubeen Garg was honoured as a guest artist of the year by the Assam Convention, at Oakbrook in Chicago, United States.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg was born in a Brahmin family at Tura, Meghalaya to Mohini Mohon Borthakur and Late Ily Borthakur. He was named after the music composer Zubin Mehta and used his gotra "'Garg"' as his surname. His father Mohini Borthakur was a Magistrate, and is a lyricist and a poet under the name "Kapil Thakur" and his mother Late Ily Borthakur was a singer.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg's younger sister Jonkey Borthakur was an actress and singer who died in a car accident in February 2002 in Sonitpur district while they were going to perform stage show along with her co-artists. He had released the album "Xixhu" in 2002, in the memory of Jonkey Borthakur. His another sister is Dr. Palme Borthakur.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg pursued a degree in Bachelor of Science in B. Borooah College but dropped out to concentrate in his singing career.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg started to sing from the age of three. His first guru was his mother from where he learnt to sing and then he learnt tabla from Pandit Robin Banerjee for 11 years. Guru Ramani Rai acquainted him with Assamese folk. Garg was composing songs from his school days and one of the song from his first album Anamika "Gaane ki Aane" was composed by him at the age of 13.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg got his confidence to become a professional singer when he got gold medal for his western solo performance in youth festival held in 1992. And after this he entered into professional music with his debut Assamese album "Anamika", which was released in 1992. His first composed song from this album was ""Gaane Ki Aane"" which he composed at the age of 13. Garg first recorded songs for album were ""Tumi Junu Pariba Hun"" and ""Tumi Junaki Hubakh"" for the album "Ritu." He later released many other albums such as "Xapunor Xur (1992), Junaki Mon (1993), Maya (1994)", "Asha (1995)", "Ujan Piriti" (1995), etc.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: In the mid 1995, Garg moved to Mumbai to work in the Bollywood music industry where he debut his first Indipop solo album "Chandni Raat". Later, he recorded few Hindi albums and remix songs like "Chanda (1996), Shradhaanjali vol: 1,2,3 (1996-97), Jalwa (1998)," "Yuhi Kabhi (1998)", "Jadoo (1999), Sparsh (2000), etc." He got to sing for different films like "Gaddaar (1995), Dil Se (1998)", "Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (1998)", "Fiza (2000)", "Kaante (2002)". In 2003, he sung "Sapne Saare" and "khwabon Ki" from the movie "Mudda-The Issue", "Mango Agar Dil Se Toh Khuda" from the movie "Chupke Se", "Holi Re" from the movie "Mumbai se Aiya Mera Dost" and "Jo Pyar tumne" from the movie .


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Apart from singing in his Bollywood and Assamese industries, he debuted in Bengali music industry in 2003 where he sung two songs in the movie "Mon". In the next year he sung three songs in the movie "Shudhu Tumi" and also was the music director in the film.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: In 2005 he sung ""O bondhure"" and "Lagena Bhalo" in the film "Premi". In 2008 he recorded songs like "Mon mane Na" from" the movie "Mon Mane Na" , "Piya re Piya re" from the movie "Chirodini Tumi je Amaar", and "Mon jete chay shudhu" from the movie "Love story".


title: Zubeen Garg

text: He got the biggest break in Bollywood from the movie "Gangster" where he sang the song ""Ya ali"". The song brought him the best playback singer Global Indian Film Awards (GIFA) in 2006. His next Hindi album "Zindagi" was released in 2007.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg runs a charity, the Kalaguru Artiste Foundation, which donates money for various causes. He urged people to donate clothes, medicines and contributions when devastating floods hit Assam. He took on the issue over corruption in APSC recruitment in his movie Kanchanjangha.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg won the "Best Music Direction" for the film "Echoes Of Silence" in the 55th National Film Awards. He was nominated for the "Best Music Direction" for the film "Dinabandhu" in the 52nd National Film Awards.


title: Zubeen Garg

text: Garg played the lead role in "Mon Jaai", for which he was nominated for the "Best Actor" in the 56th National Film Awards. He was nominated for the "Best Supporting Actor" for the film "Dinabandhu" in the 52nd National Film Awards.


title: Erotic dance

text: An erotic dance is a dance that provides erotic entertainment and whose objective is the stimulation of erotic or sexual thoughts or actions in viewers. Erotic dance is one of several major dance categories based on purpose, such as ceremonial, competitive, performance and social dance.


title: Erotic dance

text: The erotic dancer's clothing is often minimal, and may be gradually decreased or eliminated altogether. In some areas of the United States where exposure of nipples or genitalia is illegal, a dancer may wear pasties and g-string to stay within the law.


title: Erotic dance

text: Nudity, however, is not a requirement of erotic dance. The culture and the ability of the human body is a significant aesthetic component in many dance styles.


title: Erotic dance

text: Erotic dances are sometimes mistakenly referred to (or euphemised) as exotic dances. While there is overlap, they are not the same. Not all exotic dances are erotic, and vice versa.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Transmetropolitan is a cyberpunk transhumanist comic book series written by Warren Ellis and co-created and designed by Darick Robertson; it was published by the American company DC Comics in 1997–2002. The series was originally part of the short-lived DC Comics imprint Helix, but upon the end of the book's first year the series was moved to the Vertigo imprint after DC Comics shut down their Helix imprint. "Transmetropolitan" chronicles the battles of Spider Jerusalem, infamous renegade gonzo journalist of the future.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Spider Jerusalem dedicates himself to fighting the corruption and abuse of power of two successive United States presidents. He and his "filthy assistants" strive to keep their world from turning more dystopian than it already is while dealing with the struggles of fame and power, brought about due to the popularity of Spider via his articles.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: The monthly series began in July 1997 and concluded in September 2002. The series was later reprinted in an array of ten trade paperback volumes, and also featured two "specials" ("I Hate It Here" and "Filth of the City") with text pieces written by Spider Jerusalem and illustrated by a wide range of comic artists. These were later collected in trade paperbacks.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Some time in the future (how long precisely is never specified, but said to be in the 23rd century) Spider Jerusalem, retired writer/journalist and bearded hermit, lives within an isolated, fortified mountain hideaway. Following a call from his irate publisher demanding the last two books per his publishing deal, Jerusalem is forced to descend into the City.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Jerusalem returns to work for his old partner and editor Mitchell Royce, who now edits "The Word", the City's largest newspaper. His first story is about an attempted secession by the Transient movement, people who use genetic body modification based on alien DNA to become a completely different species, and are forced to live in the Angels 8 slum district. The leader of the movement, Fred Christ, is paid to incite a riot and provoke the police, who use it as an excuse to clear out Angels 8. However, Jerusalem publishes a story revealing the truth and brutal methods used by the police. Soon, Royce publishes it live all over the city, and the public outcry forces the police to withdraw. Jerusalem is brutally beaten by police on his way home, but defiantly says that he's here to stay.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: The first year of the series consists of a set of one-off stories exploring the City, Jerusalem's background, and his often tense relationship with his sidekicks, Yelena Rossini and Channon Yarrow (referred to as his 'filthy assistants'), who as the series progresses become full-time partners in his journalistic battles.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: The main storyline of the series, the election and corrupt presidency of Gary Callahan (or "The Smiler"), begins in the series' second year and lasts for the rest of its run. Spider initially considers Callahan the lesser evil compared to the incumbent president ("The Beast"), but his investigation into Callahan's past and ties with a right-wing hate group lead to Callahan having his own campaign manager, Vita Severn, a friend of Jerusalem's, murdered. In a one-on-one meeting, Spider realizes that Callahan is not merely corrupt, but a complete lunatic who wants to be President solely to hurt people with his new power. To Jerusalem's horror and disgust, the people vote Callahan into office by a wide margin.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Once elected, Callahan begins to use his presidential power to torment Jerusalem, the source of his trouble during the campaign. Jerusalem narrowly escapes a police massacre of people protesting how a recent hate crime was investigated. The police refused to release video of the incident, because it reveals several police officers watching the crime occur without interfering. Jerusalem writes a story revealing the truth about the crime and subsequent engineered massacre, but Callahan spikes it via "D-Notices", government censorship of stories that could "embarrass" the country and the Callahan administration. After being informed of this, Jerusalem leaks the story via a straight-text news feedsite called "The Hole" and follows it up with an article exposing Callahan's corrupt circle of advisers, one of whom is a pedophile. When Royce runs the story, Callahan forces the paper's board of directors to fire Jerusalem, who makes an agreement to publish his future stories with "The Hole". Callahan arranges for the City to be left defenseless from a hurricane-like "near-near-near ruinstorm" (an actual ruinstorm can skin anyone caught in it) that ravages the City and kills thousands, using the chaos to destroy the evidence Jerusalem has gathered against him, and places the city under martial law after the storm ends. Royce reveals that he had archived most of Jerusalem's evidence and delivers it to him on disk, but during the storm Jerusalem collapses and is diagnosed with an incurable degenerative neurological illness with similar symptoms to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, caused by constant exposure to the now-defunct informational substance known as I-Pollen. With about a year before dementia renders him dysfunctional and only a 1% chance of escaping this fate, Jerusalem increases his vendetta against Callahan, ultimately exposing his evil deeds and bringing the President down.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: In the final issue's epilogue, Jerusalem returns to his mountain home. Royce comes to visit, and the assistants show him around the house while explaining that Jerusalem's disease is progressing. It is revealed that Channon has a book deal, and Yelena is taking a journalistic role similar to Jerusalem's; Channon and Royce note that Yelena is his spiritual successor, displaying his trademark rage and passion as well as his talent. In the garden, Jerusalem tells Royce that the disease is so advanced that he cannot light his own cigarettes, and he forgets one day out of seven. When Royce leaves, Jerusalem pulls out a package of cigarettes and what appears to be a handgun. He appears to be placing the barrel under his chin, until it is revealed in the next panel that it is a lighter. He lights the cigarette and then spins the lighter on his finger, suggesting that he was in fact one of the 1% of patients who recover from the disease, and is now merely faking his illness so that he may enjoy his retirement in peace.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: The series was originally published under DC Comics's then-new science fiction Helix imprint. When the Helix line was discontinued, "Transmetropolitan" was the only series of the line that had not been canceled, and was switched to the Vertigo imprint starting with issue #13. The entire set of trade paperbacks are now published under the Black Label line.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: In June 2015, Vertigo began releasing "Transmetropolitan" in the premium hardcover Absolute Edition format. The first volume included issues #1–18. The second volume, published in May 2016, included issues #19–36. Ellis has indicated the third volume will be published in December 2018.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Co-creators Ellis and Robertson were approached about making a "Transmetropolitan" film adaptation, with Patrick Stewart's production company Flying Freehold Productions offering to option the rights in February 2003. Later, the burgeoning Internet boom led to an offer to create an online animated film series, with Stewart providing the voice of Spider Jerusalem, but the project never fully developed. Ellis and Robertson have been rumored to have indicated that they would like to see Tim Roth play Jerusalem, but during a panel at London's Kapow! comic convention Ellis said that there is no chance of seeing Spider Jerusalem in a film adaptation, and Tim Roth was not discussed to play him, and explained that production costs would be too high to bring "Transmetropolitan" to the big screen.


title: Transmetropolitan

text: Some items of "Transmetropolitan" merchandise have been made, Robertson himself having produced one T-shirt: a black shirt with a three-eyed smiley face on the front and the text "I Hate It Here" in yellow on the back. DC Direct has produced five products. One is a black T-shirt with an image of Spider Jerusalem from the comic with the text "Spider Jerusalem. Cheap. But not as cheap as your girlfriend". Early in the series they produced an action figure of Jerusalem wearing nothing but his trademark boxer shorts so as to show off his tattoos, and a variant that is giving the finger and holding a bowel disruptor. The third is a statuette of Jerusalem, in the same state of near-nudity, sitting on the toilet growling into his cell phone and arguing with his editor Mitchell Royce, who is visible on his small laptop computer on the base. The fourth is a wristwatch with the three-eyed Transient smiley as the watch's face; and the fifth is a replica of Spider's trademark glasses.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Jon Ryan Schaffer (born March 15, 1968) is an American heavy metal musician. He is the rhythm guitarist and principal songwriter of the Indiana-based heavy metal band Iced Earth, which he formed in 1985 under the name Purgatory. He is also the lead singer in his political side project Sons of Liberty and, until 2021, played guitar for Demons & Wizards, his collaboration with Blind Guardian frontman Hansi Kürsch.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Schaffer is a founding lifetime member of the far-right Oath Keepers militia. In April 2021, he pleaded guilty to two crimes related to his participation in the storming of the United States Capitol.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Schaffer was originally introduced to rock music at the age of three. His older sister introduced Jon to bands such as Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Alice Cooper, and Blue Öyster Cult. In 1979, at the age of eleven, Schaffer attended a Kiss concert with his father. Since then, he has said that this was the moment when he realized what he wanted to do for a living.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Schaffer went to a Lutheran school for five years, during which he developed a lot of anger and rebellion, due to the abusive nature of the pastors. Allegedly, on one occasion, one of the pastors "shoved a bar of soap down Schaffer's throat", because the pastor felt threatened by his refusal to submit, after he could not answer Schaffer's questions about evolution versus creationism. According to Schaffer, this had an effect on him forming a band, so that he could "prove these people wrong".


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In 1984, at the age of 16, Schaffer moved to Tampa, Florida. Shortly before he left, one of Schaffer's childhood friends died in a motorcycle accident, which made Schaffer even more determined to move to Florida and start a band. While in Tampa, Schaffer slept in his car until he nearly lost his life in a car accident, after which he got an apartment and a job as a roofer.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In 1984, Schaffer formed a short-lived band called "the Rose". The band quickly broke up, after which Jon formed what would later become Iced Earth under the name "Purgatory" on January 20, 1985. Schaffer played rhythm guitar and also designed the band's logo. The logo had originally been used for the Rose, but after the band broke up, Schaffer reused the logo for Purgatory and later for Iced Earth.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In 1990, after some line-up changes, the band, now known as Iced Earth, released their self-titled debut album. In addition to playing rhythm guitar and singing backing vocals, Jon also acted as co-producer on the album, as he has done on all Iced Earth albums since. The following year, the band released the follow-up album, "Night of the Stormrider", which also featured Jon singing lead vocals on the song "Stormrider".


title: Jon Schaffer

text: After some downtime between 1992 and 1995, Iced Earth re-emerged with a new line up, which included singer Matt Barlow, who would stay with the band until 2003. The band released the albums "Burnt Offerings" and "The Dark Saga" in 1995 and 1996 respectively, until in 1998, Iced Earth released the album "Something Wicked This Way Comes", which featured three songs ("Prophecy", "Birth of the Wicked" and "The Coming Curse") that were based on Jon Schaffer's Something Wicked concept. The songs tell the story of a character that Jon created, called Set Abominae, who also appears on the album's front cover.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: After "Something Wicked This Way Comes", Iced Earth released the album "Horror Show" in 2001, after which work began on the follow-up album, "The Glorious Burden". Originally Matt Barlow had recorded the vocal tracks for the album, but due to his lack of interest in the band following the events of 9/11, he left the group in 2003 and joined the Georgetown Police Department in Georgetown, Delaware. Matt was replaced by former Judas Priest-singer Tim "Ripper" Owens, who resung the entire album. "The Glorious Burden" was released in January 2004, after which Jon started work on two concept albums based on his Something Wicked storyline. The first album, "" was released on September 11, 2007, after which, in December 2007, it was announced that Matt Barlow would be returning to Iced Earth. The second album, "", was released September 5, 2008, and featured Matt once again on vocals.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In 2011, after about two years back in the band, Matt Barlow issued a statement saying that he was leaving Iced Earth in order to spend more time with his family. Matt Barlow was later replaced by Stu Block from Into Eternity, who had opened for Iced Earth in 2008. With Block, the band recorded the album "Dystopia", which was released on October 17, 2011. From October 2011, to December 2012, Iced Earth toured in support of "Dystopia", during which time they recorded the album "Live in Ancient Kourion".


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Demons & Wizards was a side project Schaffer put together with Blind Guardian frontman Hansi Kürsch. Schaffer and Hansi had originally met in the early 1990s, when Iced Earth and Blind Guardian toured together. Demons & Wizards released their self-titled debut album in 2000. Besides Jon and Hansi, the album also featured Mark Prator on drums and Jim Morris on lead guitar. The group's second album, "Touched by the Crimson King" was released in 2005, and featured a number of guest musicians, including Bobby Jarzombek, Jim Morris, Rubin Drake, Howard Helm, Kathy Helm, Tori Fuson, Jesse Morris and Krystyna Kolaczynski.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In a video update in 2011, Schaffer and Kürsch talked about the future of Demons & Wizards and stated, that it was only a matter of their schedules lining up when they are going to start work on a third album. III was subsequently released in 2020.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In 2021, following Schaffer's involvement in the storming of the U.S. Capitol, Kürsch announced he was leaving the band.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Sons of Liberty is a political side project Schaffer formed in 2009. Sons of Liberty's debut album, "Brush-fires of the Mind", was released in December 2009 as a free download on the band's website (the album was later made available on CD and vinyl as well). Schaffer sang, played guitar and programmed the drums, but the album also featured a number of guests, including Jim Morris, Ruben Drake, Troy Seele, Howard Helm and Jeff Brandt. During the supporting tour, Jon Schaffer was backed up by Seele, Freddie Vidales and Brent Smedley.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In December 2011, Sons of Liberty released the EP "Spirit of the Times". Once again, the album featured Schaffer singing, playing guitar and programming the drums, as well as Jim Morris and Ruben Drake.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Schaffer used to own a store called the "Spirit of '76". He also participated in the film "Silver Circle". In 2012, Schaffer was featured as a guest vocalist on Anarchadia's album "Let Us All Unite", performing on the track "True World Order". Schaffer has also expressed interest in doing comic book series based on the "Night of the Stormrider" album and the Something Wicked Saga.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: On January 6, 2021, Schaffer, a founding lifetime member of the far-right Oath Keepers militia, was photographed among those who stormed the U.S. Capitol building. After appearing on the Most Wanted section of the FBI's website, he turned himself in on January 17 and was held on six felony charges. At a November 2020 Washington, D.C. Trump rally, Schaffer told German daily newspaper "Die Welt",


title: Jon Schaffer

text:
"My name is Jon Schaffer. I'm from Indiana. A group of thugs and criminals hijacked this country a long time ago. Now they're making their big move, and it's not gonna happen. And that's what it is. These are globalists. These are the scum of the earth. These are the criminals that are behind all the fraudulent fee on currency, they're behind all the wars, they're behind all the shit, they're behind divide-and-conquer tactics, behind the racial divide. It's all nonsense, it's all garbage. People need to wake up and snap out of the matrix, because they're going down. They've made the move. They're messing with the wrong people here — trust me on that. And we needed it to be open like this — open fraud, open theft. Because now we see you, and you're going down. Mark my words".

"I think this goes beyond President Trump," Jon continued. "President Trump is a populist. He's not your typical Republican. He's not establishment. He's not going out starting wars all over the place, like they do. Which is funny — where are all the Democrats that were anti-war?"


title: Jon Schaffer

text: On April 16, 2021, Schaffer agreed to plead guilty to two charges: obstructing an official proceeding of Congress and trespassing on restricted grounds of the Capitol while armed with a dangerous weapon. He was the first participant in the storming to plead guilty. Prosecutors agreed to a recommendation of between 3.5 and 4.5 years in prison, depending on his cooperation in prosecuting other rioters. He would also be granted sponsorship for the United States Federal Witness Protection Program.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: According to Schaffer's attorney, while Schaffer was held at an Indiana jail, other inmates made death threats against him, and threw feces at him. He was subsequently transferred to a jail in Washington, D.C.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In 1996, while performing in Berlin, Schaffer injured his neck for which he had surgery in 2000. In the early 2000s, he had surgery again, this time for lower-back problems. In 2005, Schaffer's daughter was born, whom he credits for giving him "perspective", that he "never had before".


title: Jon Schaffer

text: Besides playing music, Schaffer enjoys studying history and current events, as well as "standing against, and exposing, tyranny". He also enjoys riding motorcycles, scuba diving, white water rafting and exercising. Schaffer has listed Tom Schaffer, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Stephen Toboz, Steve Harris, Ronnie James Dio, Hansi Kürsch, Aaron Russo, G. Edward Griffin and Ron Paul as people who inspire him.


title: Jon Schaffer

text: In a 2011 interview with conspiracy theorist Alex Jones discussing their mutual political views, Schaffer revealed that "My father was a John Birch guy. When I was a young child I remember things that he and his friends would talk about, concerning the UN and stuff". In the same interview, he also revealed that he has a younger brother who had served in Iraq.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Black Sheep is a 1996 American comedy film directed by Penelope Spheeris, written by Fred Wolf, and starring Chris Farley and David Spade. The film follows a political aide who is assigned to control the brother of a candidate for Governor of Washington, who attempts to offer his campaign unwanted and publicly embarrassing help. The film also stars Tim Matheson, Christine Ebersole, and Gary Busey. Chris Owen and Wolf have cameo appearances, and Farley's real-life brothers Kevin and John appear as security guards at an MTV Rock the Vote concert. The film grossed $32.3 million during its U.S. theatrical run.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Mike Donnelly, a good-natured but loud and bumbling oddball of his family, is driving an advertisement truck to support his brother Al Donnelly's campaign for Governor of Washington. His competition is incumbent Evelyn Tracy. Mike is chased by dogs while driving and crashes into a local movie theatre. Al's campaign manager, Roger Kovary, advises Al to get rid of Mike, but Al decides to have Mike campaign for him in town with the assistance of campaign aide Steve Dodds, who accepts the job in return for a spot on Al's staff following the election. As Steve goes to pick up Mike, he hits crazed Vietnam veteran Sgt. Drake Sabitch, who ends up stealing his rental car.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Later on, Mike tries to stop underage kids from drinking, but incriminating pictures make it look like he was drinking with them, leading to his termination from a county recreation center. While packing up, he runs into a pair of thugs who set fire to the building, while the same photographer takes potentially incriminating pictures of Mike right after the thugs leave the scene of the fire. However, the first cop to arrive at the scene is Robbie Mieghem, a friend of Mike's who lets him and Steve leave before the police arrive. The two take off in Mike's car and, per Kovary's instructions, head for a shack in rural Garfield County.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: The next day, as Steve and Mike hang fliers, Steve tries to make a call via cell phone; while looking for a place with reception, Steve stumbles upon the home of the aforementioned Drake Sabitch - an old school bus with a TV, a hammock, a grill, and several weapons. While trying to find a high-ground to get reception on his phone, Steve accidentally loosens a rock in a pile of stones. Later on, as the guys play checkers, a huge boulder rolls down the mountain, almost completely knocking their cabin off its foundation; that night, a stormy wind blows the roof away and hail falls inside. The next day, Mike tries to talk to Al, but Kovary refuses, so Mike decides to head into Seattle that night to talk to Al, who is going on MTV's Rock the Vote campaign. However, after hanging out with some Rastafarians and being mistaken for his brother by Mudhoney, Mike makes a fool of himself onstage (culminating to his yelling "KILL WHITEY!" to a suddenly silent audience) as a shocked Al and Kovary helplessly watch. Because of his stunt, Al decides to no longer let Mike help him with the campaign, leaving Mike down. The next day, Steve and Mike sneak into Drake's home (after dodging some hidden land mines) to watch Al's debate on his TV. When Steve goes outside to use the restroom, he is attacked by Drake, but is saved by Mike, who beats the ex-soldier in unarmed combat. Drake is impressed by Mike's fighting skill and befriends both men.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Governor Tracy, in hopes of sabotaging Al following their debate, purchases the pictures of Mike at the rec center fire and posts them on TV, therefore allowing Tracy to win the election. Mike notices that the total vote count is 1,882 for Garfield County, when in fact there are only 1,502 registered voters there; furthermore, Mike recognizes the two men who set the rec center on fire standing next to Tracy. Mike and Steve go to the Garfield County Courthouse, where they obtain the names of the voters in the election. They discover that over half the people who voted for Tracy have been dead for over ten years (including Drake's father and grandfather), proving Tracy had rigged the elections. To get this to the people and Al, Mike and Steve borrow Robbie's squad car to get to Governor Tracy's victory party the following day.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: At the party, the duo appears during Tracy's victory speech and the police try to arrest Mike for arson. At the podium, Mike takes a gun from one of the cops and pretends to hold Steve hostage, while Drake shows up in time to prevent a sniper from shooting Mike and controls the crowd by threatening them with an RPG. Mike reveals Tracy's election fraud, overturning the election results and making Al the winner.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Three months later, Steve is Al's new assistant and advisor, replacing Kovary after earlier in the movie, he made Al choose between his career or being with his "loser" brother and as a result, Al fired him; Al offered Mike a job in his administration, but he declined since he got his job running the recreation center back; and Al has decreased crime rates in Washington. As Al and Steve enter a jet to go to a meeting, Mike's jacket gets caught in the plane's door, causing him to be trapped outside while it takes off.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: "Saturday Night Live" creator Lorne Michaels produced the film, which was directed by "Wayne's World" director Penelope Spheeris. Michaels later said that the film was "an act of desperation by Paramount," in that the movie studio had under-promoted Spade and Farley's 1995 film, "Tommy Boy" and was now looking to profit from the same comedy formula. Michaels had contentious battles with the studio over the script of 1993's "Wayne's World 2", and the animosity between the two camps spilled over into Farley's contract with Paramount. Although his agent lined up possible roles for the actor in "The Cable Guy" (for which he was offered $3 million) and "Kingpin", the movie studio remained firm on wanting another buddy comedy with Farley and Spade.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Having performed an uncredited rewrite of "Tommy Boy", Fred Wolf wrote the script for "Black Sheep". Wolf said the studio told him to "deliver a finished script by midnight on Sunday, the last day Chris was contractually allowed to get out of the movie. If I didn't have a finished script -- any finished script -- they were going to sue me." Wolf wrote 45 pages within a few days, and dropped the script off at Paramount 15 minutes before his deadline. After reading the script, Farley said that he "wasn't crazy" about it, and only agreed to do the film after coaxing from David Spade.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Spheeris had notable disagreements with writer Fred Wolf and David Spade throughout the entire production of the film. Spheeris fired Wolf from the film three times (he was hired back twice by Farley and once by Lorne Michaels), then refused to speak to him and finally banned him from the set. Her relationship with Spade was equally as tumultuous. Speaking to Farley's official biographer, she said, "I don't think I've ever even smiled at anything David Spade's ever done... I still have a recording of a message David left on my answering machine. He said, 'You've spent this whole movie trying to cut my comedy balls off.'" The two worked together again on the 1998 comedy "Senseless".


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: The combination of bright lights on set and working under sunlight while filming "Black Sheep" caused permanent damage to David Spade's eyes. Spade says of his condition: "I have to wear a hat even indoors and flashes in particular freak me out. I even have to make them turn down the lights in the make-up trailers. I've become such a pain in the butt with this light-sensitive thing, it's a wonder they don't "Just Shoot Me!""


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: "Black Sheep" is the final appearance of Spade and Farley together, and it is often unfavorably compared to "Tommy Boy", though it has also gained a cult following. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 28% based on reviews from 32 critics. The site's consensus states: "Chris Farley and David Spade reunite to diminishing returns in "Black Sheep", a comedic retread that succumbs to a woolly plot and sophomoric jokes."


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: Film critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the film "two big thumbs down very big thumbs way down," with Siskel admitting that "Black Sheep" was one of only three films he ever walked out on, the others being "Million Dollar Duck" and "Maniac". Siskel stated several times that he did not like Chris Farley and thought of him as a terrible actor, stating at one point "I hate Chris Farley; [he] just rubs me the wrong way. I knew John Belushi, I knew John Candy, he's no John Belushi or John Candy." Ebert (who gave the movie thumbs down) called it "not only one of the worst comedies I've ever seen, but one of the least ambitious; it doesn't even feel like they're trying to make a good movie." A few weeks later, during their televised review of "Happy Gilmore", Ebert tried to defend Farley, saying that he thought Siskel was too hard on him, and that he believed with the right script Farley could be good in a film (he also said that during the initial episode).


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: The opinions of other reviewers were mixed. In his review, Richard Leiby of "The Washington Post" wrote "Farley and Spade manage to wring humor from a series of juvenile setups and predictable pratfalls." Barry Walters of the "San Francisco Examiner" wrote that "there isn't one shred of slightly intellectual wit" in the film.


title: Black Sheep (1996 film)

text: "Black Sheep" was one of the final films reviewed by Jeffery Lyons and Michael Medved on their PBS television show "Sneak Previews" which was ultimately cancelled later in 1996 after this film's release. Although both were fans of Farley, "Tommy Boy" and director Penelope Spheeris, whose film "Wayne's World" they enjoyed due to its wit, they felt this film was offensive, unfunny and filled with needless slapstick.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: Jacques Fabrice Vallée (; born September 24, 1939) is an Internet pioneer, computer scientist, venture capitalist, author, ufologist and astronomer currently residing in San Francisco, California and Paris, France.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: His scientific career began as a professional astronomer at the Paris Observatory. Vallée co-developed the first computerized map of Mars for NASA in 1963. He later worked on the network information center for the ARPANET, a precursor to the modern Internet, as a staff engineer of SRI International's Augmentation Research Center under Douglas Engelbart.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: Vallée is also an important figure in the study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), first noted for a defense of the scientific legitimacy of the extraterrestrial hypothesis and later for promoting the interdimensional hypothesis.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: Vallée was born in Pontoise, France in 1939. He completed his undergraduate degree in mathematics at the University of Paris in 1959 and received the equivalent of an MS in astrophysics from the University of Lille Nord de France in 1961. He began his professional life as an astronomer at the Paris Observatory in 1961. He was awarded the Jules Verne Prize for his first science fiction novel, "Le Sub-espace" (1961), published under the pseudonym of Jérôme Sériel.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: Vallée moved to the United States in 1962 and began working as a research associate in astronomy under Gérard de Vaucouleurs at the University of Texas at Austin. While at McDonald Observatory, he compiled NASA's first detailed informational map of Mars with de Vaucouleurs.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: In 1963, Vallée relocated to Chicago, Illinois. He was initially employed as a systems analyst at nearby Northwestern University while continuing to pursue non-institutional ufological research with his mentor, J. Allen Hynek, the chair of the University's astronomy department. Professionally, he began to conduct early artificial intelligence research and received a PhD in industrial engineering and computer science from the institution in 1967. Thereafter, he briefly worked for Royal Dutch Shell (in Paris) and the RCA Service Company (in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) as an engineer before joining the Stanford University Computer Center as manager of information systems in 1969. In 1970, Vallée became a consultant to Stanford applied physicist Peter A. Sturrock's Institute for Plasma Research. Upon learning that Vallée had written several books about UFOs, Sturrock felt a professional obligation to peruse Vallée's work, prompting his own research in the subject.


title: Jacques Vallée

text: In 1971, Vallée left Stanford to join the Engelbart group as a senior research engineer. His tenure at ARC coincided with the group's immersion in Erhard Seminars Training and other social experiments, ultimately prompting his departure. While at the Institute for the Future as a senior research fellow from 1972 to 1976, he succeeded Paul Baran as principal investigator on the large National Science Foundation project for computer networking, which developed one of the first ARPANET conferencing systems, Planning Network (PLANET), predating instant messaging by many years. The technology was spun off into InfoMedia, a startup company founded by Vallée in 1976. Although the firm formed several international spinoffs and partnered with a variety of prominent firms and governmental organizations (including Lehman Brothers, Renault and NASA), it failed to attain long-term profitability.