title: Blake Masters

text: In the 2022 United States Senate election in Arizona, Masters defeated state Attorney General Mark Brnovich and businessman Jim Lamon in the August 2 primary to become the Republican Party nominee. Throughout his campaign, he aligned himself with Thiel and former president Donald Trump, both of whom endorsed him in June 2022. Masters benefited from $15 million in funding from Thiel during the primary campaign but was dramatically outspent in the general election and lost to incumbent Democrat Mark Kelly.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters was born in Denver, Colorado, in 1986, the son of Marilyn, who ran a tutoring center, and Scott Masters, who worked in the software industry. He grew up in Tucson, Arizona. In high school, Masters attended Green Fields Country Day School, which was at the time a private school in Tucson, where he played basketball. He graduated in 2004. Masters received a bachelor's degree in political science from Stanford University in 2008. He then earned a J.D. from Stanford University Law School in 2012.


title: Blake Masters

text: As a teenage undergraduate, Masters expressed his political views on a CrossFit chat room and a LiveJournal blog. In a 2006 essay criticizing the War in Iraq on the libertarian site LewRockwell.com, Masters decried U.S. entry into World War I and described a quote from Nazi war criminal Hermann Goering, on the susceptibility of the masses to incitements of war, as being "particularly representative and poignant". He also endorsed conspiracy theorist G. Edward Griffin's claim that the "Houses of Morgan and Rothschild" were linked to the sinking of the "Lusitania".


title: Blake Masters

text: During his college years, Masters contended that Iraq and al-Qaeda were not "substantial threats to Americans", calling for "unrestricted immigration" and an isolationist foreign policy. On his 2006 writings, he told the "Jewish Insider" in 2022, "I was 19, writing in opposition to the Iraq War—a stance that turned out to be prescient. I went too far and stated that no recent American wars have been just." He added: "I suppose it was only a matter of time before I got called antisemitic for criticizing wartime propaganda in an essay I wrote as a teenager."


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters' posts became a political issue after they were unearthed during his 2022 Senate campaign. The Anti-Defamation League criticized him, and Masters' primary rival Jim Lamon ran television ads highlighting the posts.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters spent four months in 2010 as a law clerk for a U.S. Attorney's Office. In January 2011 he met Thiel at Stanford Law School. They exchanged emails with each other a year later and Thiel invited Masters to attend a class he was to teach in spring 2012. Masters would post detailed notes from Thiel's lectures on a blog which grew popular within the tech community. Renditions of Masters' notes reappeared online, prompting Masters to get in contact with Thiel about compiling them into a book. "Zero to One" was released in September 2014 and received warm reviews from "The Atlantic" and "Publishers Weekly". According to "Politico", the book portrayed "globalization as the enemy of innovation." Masters was included on "Forbes" 30 Under 30 list in 2014.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters co-founded Judicata, a legal research service, in 2013. The website officially launched in 2017, though Masters left the project in 2014. The website was acquired by Fastcase in 2020. After meeting Thiel, Masters went to work for him, becoming chief operating officer of the investment firm Thiel Capital and president of the Thiel Foundation. Thiel chose Masters and other employees to assist in the presidential transition of Donald Trump in November 2016.


title: Blake Masters

text: In October 2019, Masters suggested he would launch a primary challenge against Republican U.S. Senator Martha McSally, expressing concern McSally was not a good candidate and criticizing her loss in the 2018 election, which Masters said was a "winnable" race. In January 2020, Masters said he would not run against McSally.


title: Blake Masters

text: In March 2022, Masters resigned from his positions at Thiel's investment firm and foundation to campaign in the 2022 Arizona Senate race.


title: Blake Masters

text: In April 2021, Masters reappeared as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in 2022, challenging incumbent Democrat Mark Kelly. Peter Thiel spent $10 million to seed a new pro-Masters super PAC, "Saving Arizona PAC," to promote Masters' candidacy. Masters officially entered the race in July 2021, and Thiel gave an additional $3.5 million to the pro-Masters super PAC in May 2022.


title: Blake Masters

text: In the Republican primary race, Masters faced state Attorney General Mark Brnovich, former Arizona National Guard Adjutant General Mick McGuire, Arizona Corporation Commissioner Justin Olson, and businessman Jim Lamon. The Republican primary campaign was characterized by high campaign spending and a wave of negative campaign advertisements.


title: Blake Masters

text: During a Republican primary debate, Masters said that he supported impeaching President Joe Biden and removing him from office due to border enforcement issues.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters issued non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to fundraise for his campaign, announcing that the first 99 donors to contribute over $5,800 to his campaign would receive a limited edition NFT that would allow access to a private chat server and live events, as well as a copy of his book signed by himself and Thiel. Within the first 36 hours, Masters raised $575,000 for his campaign from selling NFTs.


title: Blake Masters

text: Along with Thiel and Ohio Senate candidate J. D. Vance, Masters has been influenced by Curtis Yarvin, a neoreactionary blogger who writes under the name "Mencius Moldbug". Masters has encouraged people to read "Industrial Society and Its Future", Unabomber Ted Kaczynski's manifesto, for its analysis of the negative impact of technology on society; he pointed to Kaczynski as an example of a "subversive thinker" who should be more widely known.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters won the Republican nomination in the August 2, 2022, primary with about 40% of the vote. Lamon finished second; Brnovich was third.


title: Blake Masters

text: In the November 8, 2022 election, Masters was defeated by Kelly 46.5 percent to the latter's 51.4 percent with 95 percent of the votes tallied. The AP called the election. Masters later conceded the race to Kelly a week after the election. After his election loss, Masters acknowledged Republicans needed to rethink the way they run campaigns.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters considers himself "an America first conservative". "Politico" described his 2022 campaign platform as "hard-line nationalist", and the "Washington Post" included him in an article entitled "Far-right skeptics of GOP may soon have a state's worth of Senate power". Masters has cited writer Samuel T. Francis' book "Beautiful Losers" as an influence on his political thought.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters opposes abortion and has criticized "Griswold v. Connecticut", the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that recognized a constitutional right to obtain contraceptives, although he has said that he does not want to outlaw contraception. Masters said that if elected to the Senate, he would vote to confirm federal judicial nominees only if they "understand that "Roe" and "Griswold" and "Casey" were wrongly decided".


title: Blake Masters

text: In August 2022, following the "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization" U.S. Supreme Court case that overruled "Roe v. Wade", Masters "scrubbed" his campaign website and "softened his rhetoric" by "rewriting or erasing five of his six positions" on abortion including the removal of his "100% pro-life" text. His position, as of August 2022, is that he favors "a federal personhood law that would ban abortions nationwide after the beginning of the third trimester", unless the life of the mother is at risk.


title: Blake Masters

text: While campaigning on a talk show, Masters said the "gun violence problem" was an issue, saying, "It's gangs. It's people in Chicago, St. Louis shooting each other. Very often, you know, Black people, frankly. And the Democrats don't want to do anything about that."


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters believes in reducing the amount of legal immigration. He has embraced the Great Replacement conspiracy theory popular among white nationalists by asserting that Democrats want to deliberately engineer demographic replacement of American white people via immigration. He has claimed that illegal immigration will "change the demographics of this country" and in a campaign ad said, "We're going to end this invasion". Masters denies that he promotes the great replacement theory, but blames Democrats for encouraging illegal immigration to "import" new voters for their party.


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters has echoed Donald Trump's false claims that the 2020 presidential election was "stolen". In June 2021, Masters said that "it's really hard to know" the winner of the 2020 presidential election, and supported an audit of the vote in Maricopa County. In a November 2021 campaign ad, Masters stated he thought "Trump won in 2020". He appeared at a fundraiser with the former president at Mar-a-Lago shortly afterward. Trump endorsed his candidacy in June 2022.


title: Blake Masters

text: In August 2022, CNN reported that Masters had removed text from his campaign website that "included the false claim that the 2020 election was stolen from former President Donald Trump, along with a section arguing the country would be better off if Trump was still the president."


title: Blake Masters

text: In August 2021, Masters called for new leadership in the U.S. Armed Forces due to perceived political leanings, saying "I would love to see all the generals get fired. You take the most conservative colonels, you promote them to general."


title: Blake Masters

text: Masters opposes American aid to Ukraine. He has suggested privatizing Social Security, but has opposed cuts and in August 2022 he indicated support for increases to the program.


title: Blake Masters

text: Meeting with conservative Tea Party activists in March 2022, Masters asked whether the FBI was behind the January 6 United States Capitol attack.


title: Blake Masters

text: Although Masters has invested in several technology firms, as has Thiel, he frequently criticizes "Big Tech". He supported Elon Musk's then-proposed acquisition of Twitter and called for legislation to treat major social media companies as "common carriers" and to regulate Google's search algorithm. Masters has also called for a "federal Bitcoin reserve".


title: Lightning arrester

text: A lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning isolator) is a device, essentially an air gap between an electric wire and ground, used on electric power transmission and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge (or switching surge, which is very similar) travels along the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrester, in most cases to earth.


title: Lightning arrester

text: In telegraphy and telephony, a lightning arrester is placed where wires enter a structure, preventing damage to electronic instruments within and ensuring the safety of individuals near them. Smaller versions of lightning arresters, also called surge arresters, are devices that are connected between each conductor in power and communications systems and the earth. These prevent the flow of the normal power or signal currents to ground, but provide a path over which high-voltage lightning current flows, bypassing the connected equipment. Their purpose is to limit the rise in voltage when a communications or power line is struck by lightning or is near to a lightning strike.


title: Lightning arrester

text: If protection fails or is absent, lightning that strikes the electrical system introduces thousands of kilovolts that may damage the transmission lines, and can also cause severe damage to transformers and other electrical or electronic devices. Lightning-produced extreme voltage spikes in incoming power lines can damage electrical home appliances or even cause death.


title: Lightning arrester

text: Lightning arresters are used to protect electric fences. They consist of a spark gap and sometimes a series inductor. Such type of equipment is also used for protecting transmitters feeding a mast radiator. For such devices the series inductance has usually just one winding.


title: Lightning arrester

text: Lightning arresters can form part of large electrical transformers and can fragment during transformer ruptures. High-voltage transformer fire barriers are required to defeat ballistics from small arms as well as projectiles from transformer bushings and lightning arresters, per NFPA 850.


title: Lightning arrester

text: A potential target for a lightning strike, such as an outdoor television antenna, is attached to the terminal labeled A in the photograph. Terminal E is attached to a long rod buried in the ground. Ordinarily no current will flow between the antenna and the ground because there is extremely high resistance between B and C, and also between C and D. The voltage of a lightning strike, however, is many times higher than that needed to move electrons through the two air gaps. The result is that electrons go through the lightning arresters rather than traveling on to the television set and destroying it.


title: Lightning arrester

text: A lightning arrester may be a spark gap or may have a block of a semiconducting material such as silicon carbide or zinc oxide. "Thyrite" was the trade name used by General Electric for the silicon carbide composite used in their arrester and varistor products. Some spark gaps are open to the air, but most modern varieties are filled with a precision gas mixture, and have a small amount of radioactive material to encourage the gas to ionize when the voltage across the gap reaches a specified level. Other designs of lightning arresters use a glow-discharge tube (essentially like a neon glow lamp) connected between the protected conductor and ground, or voltage-activated solid-state switches called varistors or MOVs.


title: Lightning arrester

text: Lightning arresters used in power substations are large devices, consisting of a porcelain tube several feet long and several inches in diameter, typically filled with discs of zinc oxide. A safety port on the side of the device vents the occasional internal explosion without shattering the porcelain cylinder.


title: Lightning arrester

text: Lightning arresters are rated by the peak current they can withstand, the amount of energy they can absorb, and the breakover voltage that they require to begin conduction. They are applied as part of a lightning protection system, in combination with air terminals and bonding.


title: Pragma once

text: In the C and C++ programming languages, codice_1 is a non-standard but widely supported preprocessor directive designed to cause the current source file to be included only once in a single compilation. Thus, codice_1 serves the same purpose as include guards, but with several advantages, including: less code, avoidance of name clashes, and sometimes improvement in compilation speed. On the other hand, codice_1 is not necessarily available in all compilers and its implementation is tricky and might not always be reliable.


title: Pragma once

text: In this example, the inclusion of codice_4 in both codice_5 and codice_6 would ordinarily cause a compilation error, because a struct with a given name can only be defined a single time in a given compilation. The codice_1 directive serves to avoid this by ignoring subsequent inclusions of codice_4.


title: Pragma once

text: Using codice_1 allows the C preprocessor to include a header file when it is needed and to ignore an codice_10 directive otherwise. This has the effect of altering the behavior of the C preprocessor itself, and allows programmers to express file dependencies in a simple fashion, obviating the need for manual management.


title: Pragma once

text: The most common alternative to codice_1 is to use codice_12 to set an #include guard macro, the name of which is picked by the programmer to be unique to that file. For example,


title: Pragma once

text: This approach minimally ensures that the contents of the include file are not seen more than once. This is more verbose, requires greater manual intervention, and is prone to programmer error as there are no mechanisms available to the compiler for prevention of accidental use of the same macro name in more than one file, which would result in only one of the files being included. Such errors are unlikely to remain undetected but can complicate the interpretation of a compiler error report. Since the pre-processor itself is responsible for handling codice_1, the programmer cannot make errors which cause name clashes.


title: Pragma once

text: In the absence of #include guards around codice_10 directives, the use of codice_1 will improve compilation speed for some compilers since it is a higher-level mechanism; the compiler itself can compare filenames or inodes without having to invoke the C preprocessor to scan the header for codice_16 and codice_17. Yet, since include guards appear very often and the overhead of opening files is significant, it is common for compilers to optimize the handling of include guards, making them as fast as codice_1.


title: Pragma once

text: Identifying the same file on a file system is not a trivial task. Symbolic links and especially hard links may cause the same file to be found under different names in different directories. Compilers may use a heuristic that compares file size, modification time and content. Additionally, codice_1 can do the wrong thing if the same file is intentionally copied into several parts of a project, e.g. when preparing the build. Whereas include guards would still protect from double definitions, codice_1 may or may not treat them as the same file in a compiler-dependent way. These difficulties, together with difficulties related to defining what constitutes the same file in the presence of hard links, networked file systems, etc. has so far prevented the standardization of codice_1.


title: Pragma once

text: The use of #include guard macros allows dependent code to recognize and respond to slight differences in semantics or interfaces of competing alternatives. For example,


title: Pragma once

text: In this case, the direct determination for which API is available would make use of the fact that the include file had advertised itself with its #include guard macro.


title: Pragma once

text: The codice_10 directive is defined to represent a programmer's intention to actually include the text of a file at the point of the directive. This may occur several times within a single compilation unit, and is useful for evaluating macro-containing contents multiple times against changing definitions of the macro.


title: Pragma once

text: The use of codice_1, like the use of #include guard macros within an include file places the responsibility upon its authors in order to protect against undesired multiple inclusion. Over-reliance upon either mechanism on the part of programmers by direct, unprotected use of codice_10 directives without their own #include guard will lead to failure when using an include file that has not protected itself with either mechanism.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: Mare Tranquillitatis (Latin "tranquillitātis", the Sea of Tranquillity or Sea of Tranquility; see spelling differences) is a lunar mare that sits within the Tranquillitatis basin on the Moon. It is the first location on another world to be visited by humans.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: The mare material within the basin consists of basalt formed in the intermediate to young age group of the Upper Imbrian epoch. The surrounding mountains are thought to be of the Lower Imbrian epoch, but the actual basin is probably Pre-Nectarian. The basin has irregular margins and lacks a defined multiple-ringed structure. The irregular topography in and near this basin results from the intersection of the Tranquillitatis, Nectaris, Crisium, Fecunditatis, and Serenitatis basins with two throughgoing rings of the Procellarum basin. Palus Somni, on the northeastern rim of the mare, is filled with the basalt that spilled over from Tranquillitatis.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: This mare has a slight bluish tint relative to the rest of the Moon and stands out quite well when color is processed and extracted from


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: Unlike many other maria, there is no mass concentration (mascon), or gravitational high, in the center of Mare Tranquillitatis. Mascons were identified in the center of other maria (such as Serenitatis or Imbrium) from Doppler tracking of the five Lunar Orbiter spacecraft in 1968. The gravity field was mapped at higher resolution with later orbiters such as Lunar Prospector and GRAIL, which unveiled an irregular pattern.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: Mare Tranquillitatis was named in 1651 by astronomers Francesco Grimaldi and Giovanni Battista Riccioli in their lunar map "Almagestum novum".


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: On February 20, 1965, the Ranger 8 spacecraft was deliberately crashed into the Mare Tranquillitatis at after successfully transmitting 7,137 close-range photographs of the Moon in the final 23 minutes of its mission.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: Surveyor 5 landed in Mare Tranquillitatis on September 11, 1967, after transmitting 19,118 images of the Moon, and was the fifth lunar lander of the unmanned Surveyor program.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: Mare Tranquillitatis was the landing site for the first manned landing on the Moon on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. After astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made a soft landing in the Apollo 11 Lunar Module nicknamed "Eagle", Armstrong told flight controllers on Earth, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed." The landing area at has been designated "Statio Tranquillitatis" after Armstrong's name for it, and three small craters to the north of the base have been named Aldrin, Collins, and Armstrong in honor of the Apollo 11 crew.


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: Along the periphery of the mare are several bay-shaped features that have been given names: Sinus Amoris, Sinus Asperitatis,


title: Mare Tranquillitatis

text: These are three views of Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon, taken by the mapping camera of the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, facing south-southwest from an average altitude of 111 km on Revolution 36 of the mission. At the left is the east side of Mare Tranquillitatis, with the craters Franz (bottom right), Lyell (dark floor, right of center), and Taruntius (upper left). The "bay" of dark mare (basalt) at left is Sinus Concordiae, with "islands" of older, light highland material. At the right is the crater Cauchy, which lies between the Rupes Cauchy and Cauchy rille. The center photo shows the central mare with craters Vitruvius (lower right) and Gardner (bottom center). At the horizon are lighter highlands at the southern margin of the mare, near the Apollo 11 landing site. The crater Jansen is visible at the edges of both the center and right photos. The right photo shows the western mare, with the craters Dawes (lower left) and the large Plinius (43 km diameter), with the Plinius Rilles in the foreground. These photos were taken within minutes of each other as the command module "America" orbited the Moon. The Sun elevation drops from 46 degrees at left to 30 degrees at right.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Prophet Joseph () is an Iranian Islamic television series produced, written, and directed by Farajollah Salahshoor. It is based on the Islamic account of Joseph from Quran and Islamic traditions.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Prophet Joseph is a Persian-language mini-series originally broadcast in 2008, which tells the story of prophet Yusuf (or Joseph) according to the Islamic tradition. Realistic depictions of everyday life are represented. Each episode in the series begins with a poly-phonic recitation of the first four verses (ayah) of the chapter (surah) on Yusuf.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The 45 episodes of the series are replete with themes on filial love, personal journey through life (within family and on one's own), personal character, submission, prayer, prophethood, idolatry, monotheism, loyalty, betrayal, carnal desires, nature of various kinds of love, separation, abandonment, slavery, social organizations at various levels, nature of political authority, governance, strategy, various ideologies (and their implications), anticipation, and finally, forgiveness and salvation.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The series explores the existential lives of three principal characters (Yusuf, Zuleikha and Ya'qub) with dozens of other major and minor characters.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The story in the series starts in the south of Babylon, in the second millennium BC, depicting Ya'qub's battle against idolatry (of Ishtar) in Mesopotamia and the miraculous birth of Yusuf.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The 16-DVD distribution from Soroush.tv contains a bonus, last DVD describing the making of the movie, including interviews with many of the production crew and a number of assistants to the director.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: In this DVD and subsequent interviews, the director, Farajollah Salahshoor, gives his production account, as follows:


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Salahshoor describes his reasons for making the movie in an interview with a Shia TV station, with a concurrent translation into English.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The original series, in Persian, can also be obtained in a 16-DVD, two-box set from its official distributor, Soroush Multimedia Company of Iran (Soroush.tv). First 15 DVDs contain 3 episodes each. Last DVD contains 3 episodes on the making of the series.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The movie was filmed in Persian. The Persian is of the classical "Dastoori" kind (as opposed to the shortened and inflected vernacular). Dastoori Persian has been used in Persian poetry and prose since around the 10th century.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: It has been dubbed into Arabic in Al-Kawthar TV and there is also another version with English subtitles, which has been and is currently in 2017 being broadcast on IRIB. A Turkish dubbed version was aired on Kanal 7. An Azerbaijani dubbed version licensed by CineSalam Production aired on Space TV. In 2011, Televizija Sarajevo added subtitles in Bosnian. It is currently aired on TVSA, as well as NTVIC Kakanj (mostly during the holy month of Ramadan on a yearly basis).


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: An Urdu dubbed version of the television series titled ""Prophet Yousuf"" has been telecast in India on the Shia television network - Channel WIN, starting from 19 June 2015. A Bengali dubbed version has also been telecast in SA TV of Bangladesh from 27 November 2016.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Given that the series is quite long and the original language is in Persian, authoritative reviews in English have been scant. The number of views of various dubbed versions indicate some popularity among viewers. The trailer to the version of the series dubbed in English has been seen more than 350 thousand times on YouTube as of the second quarter of 2017. The first of the series, dubbed in English, and available on YouTube shows 300 thousand views as of the second quarter of 2017. The last (45th) episode in the same version (dubbed in English) shows about 125 thousand views as of the second quarter of 2017.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Some scholars in Egypt's Al Azhar theological school have been reported by a Saudi-owned television station to have advocated the banning of Yusuf in Egypt.


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: The director's daughter who grew up in a religious family criticized her father's work publicly, she believes that promotion of polygamy is planned by IRIB in Islamic Republic of Iran. (Iran TV.) She said, "… we are not monitoring anyone and everyone has his personal interpretation." She added, "I, as a normal audience, without considering my relation with the director, am very worried about the youths of this country and how the religion is defined for them, worried about the future of this generation, religion, morality and the Quran. What should youths choose?"


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Salhashoor commented, "Polygamy had existed in past religions and theological schools. If for some reasons it has been changed is due to the modern world. The prophets and the Prophet's predecessors had second and third wives. It had been in the past and in many Islamic countries, there is still this culture though some Shiites want to revise it. There was polygamy in the past, I could not ignore the fact to please the feminists, again I emphasize that we do not promote polygamy. It is not our intention we just express a historical document."


title: Prophet Joseph (TV series)

text: Katayoun Riahi an Iranian actress who played Potiphar's wife has resigned from acting after playing in this TV series. Since moral values, serenity, respect, modesty and hijab were brought up in this film she could no longer endure any scene. She added: "I do not want to play anymore and I want to keep the sweetness of what I experienced inside me forever."


title: The Perfect Score

text: The Perfect Score is a 2004 American teen comedy-heist film directed by Brian Robbins and starring Chris Evans, Erika Christensen, Bryan Greenberg, Scarlett Johansson, Darius Miles, and Leonardo Nam.


title: The Perfect Score

text: The film focuses on a group of six New Jersey high school students whose futures will be jeopardized if they fail the upcoming SAT exam. They conspire to break into a regional office of the Lawrence Township, New Jersey-based Educational Testing Service (ETS), which prepares and distributes the SAT, and steal the answers to the exam, so they can all get perfect scores. The film deals with themes of one's future, morality, individuality, and feelings.


title: The Perfect Score

text: "The Perfect Score" has similarities to other high school films, including "The Breakfast Club" (1985) and "Dazed and Confused" (1993), which are often referenced throughout the film. The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $10 million.


title: The Perfect Score

text: The film revolves around everyman high school student Kyle, who needs a high score on the SAT to get into Cornell University's architecture program. He constantly compares himself to his older brother Larry, who is now living above his parents' garage. Kyle's best friend, Matty, wants to get a high score to go to the same college as his girlfriend, but he is an underachiever who had previously received a low score on his PSAT. They feel the SAT is blocking their futures.


title: The Perfect Score

text: The two boys realize fellow student Francesca Curtis' father owns the building that houses the regional office of ETS, where the SAT answers are located. She initially doesn't want to help but reconsiders, saying "What the hell? It sounds like fun." Meanwhile, Kyle attracted to Anna Ross, the second-highest ranked student in the school, he tells her about the plan. Anna had bombed a previous SAT and needs a good score to get into Brown University.


title: The Perfect Score

text: Matty doesn't like the fact that Anna now knows about the plan and rants, right in front of stoner Roy, who then has to be included in the heist. Finally, Anna tells the school basketball star Desmond Rhodes, who needs a score of 900 or better to join the basketball team at St. John's University.


title: The Perfect Score

text: An early attempt to break into the ETS offices fails, but they then devise another plan. On the eve of the exam, Francesca will arrange for Kyle and Matty to have a meeting near the top floor, staying after closing. The other three will wait outside and watch the night guard until Francesca, Kyle, and Matty have successfully stolen the answers.


title: The Perfect Score

text: The plan initially goes well, with Francesca, Kyle, and Matty successfully avoiding security cameras and the night guard. However, the answers are located on a computer, and only the technical genius Roy can crack the password; he and the other two get into the building, and Roy correctly guesses the password after seeing a photograph of an employee. Still, the answers can't be printed, so the group decides to take the test with their combined knowledge and get the answers that way. In the early hours of morning, they are finished and have all the answers written down.


title: The Perfect Score

text: Just then, the guard comes up the stairs, and they try to escape through the ceiling; however, Francesca is left behind and is about to be discovered, so Matty sacrifices himself to save her. Everyone else escapes, but each faces a certain confrontation before the exam: Kyle's brother asks him if he's really worse than a thief, Matty is bailed out by Francesca, Anna finds independence from her parents, and Desmond's mother convinces Roy to quit drugs.


title: The Perfect Score

text: Before the SAT testing begins, the group realizes that, although it will help get them what they want, they would be better off without cheating. Roy grabs the answers and randomly distributes them in the bathroom. After the decision, Matty comments that "this whole thing was for nothing." Kyle replies, "I wouldn't say nothing", as he glances at Anna. Matty and Francesca also share a look, as they have also presumably started a relationship.


title: The Perfect Score

text: Each person eventually gets their desired test score without the answers: Kyle's dream of becoming an architect is still alive by attending Syracuse University, Desmond ends up going to St. John's, Matty becomes an actor, Francesca writes a novel (which is about six kids who conspire to steal the answers to the SAT), and Anna decides to travel to Europe for a while before starting college. Roy explains that he earned the highest SAT in the county, and, guided by Desmond's mom, he gets a GED. He then puts his untapped intelligence to use through programming, becoming a successful video game designer.


title: The Perfect Score

text: In February 1998, it was announced Paramount had acquired the project from Caravan Pictures for a low six figures.


title: The Perfect Score

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 16% based on 109 reviews, with an average rating of 3.8/10. The website’s critics consensus reads, "Neither funny nor suspenseful, this heist / teen flick also fails to explore its potentially socially relevant premise." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Perfect Score

text: "Slant Magazine" critic Keith Uhlich called it an "MTV film that extreme right-wing moralists can be proud of, as it posits a quintessentially American world of racial, intellectual, and sexual conformity." Many compared the film unfavorably with "The Breakfast Club", and many even called it a rip-off. "Entertainment Weekly" wrote the film off as being "like "The Breakfast Club" recast as a video game for simpletons." Likewise, Roger Ebert awarded the film two stars out of four, calling the film "too palatable. It maintains a tone of light seriousness, and it depends on the caper for too much of its entertainment value." Ebert's review went on to point out that "The Perfect Score" was given a wide release, but that "Better Luck Tomorrow", a teen drama film that received much more acclaim, was given a very limited release.


title: The Perfect Score

text: The film opened in 2,208 theaters and grossed $4.8 million, making for a $2,207 per-theater average. Placing fifth over the weekend, the film saw sharp declines in following weeks and ended its domestic run with $10.3 million.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: Take Me Home is the second studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction, released on 9 November 2012 by Syco Music and Columbia Records. As a follow-up to One Direction's internationally successful debut album "Up All Night" (2011), "Take Me Home" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. Largely recorded and composed in Sweden during 2012, Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, who composed One Direction's hits, "What Makes You Beautiful" and "One Thing", spent six months in Stockholm developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around the members' tones.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The album's songs are characterized by metronomic pop, vocal harmonies, hand claps, prominent electric guitar riffs, bright synthesizers, a homogeneous sound and message, and rotations of lead vocals. The members' voices are presented individually on the record, and its lyricism speaks of falling in love, unrequited love, commitment, jealousy and self-empowerment. "Take Me Home" garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics. There was praise for its quality of production, while criticism hinged on its generic, rushed nature.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: Globally, the album topped the charts in more than 35 countries. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), "Take Me Home" was the fourth-global-best-selling album of 2012, selling 4.4 million units. The album's number-one debut on the US "Billboard" 200 chart made One Direction the first group to bow atop the "Billboard" 200 with their first two albums since American girl group Danity Kane entered with "Welcome to the Dollhouse" in 2008 and their self-titled debut in 2006. One Direction also became the second act in 2012 to achieve two number-one albums within a 12-month period, and the first boy band in US chart history to land two number-one albums in a calendar year. Their debut album and "Take Me Home" were the third and fifth-best-selling albums of 2012 in the United States, respectively, making the band the first act to place two albums in the year-end top five in the Nielsen SoundScan era.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The album's lead single, "Live While We're Young", released on 28 September 2012, peaked inside the top ten in almost every country it charted in and recorded the highest one-week opening sales figure for a song by a non-U.S. artist. The subsequent singles, "Little Things" and "Kiss You", were less successful, although the former topped the UK Singles Chart. To promote the album, One Direction performed the album's songs on several televised programmes and a headlining sold-out concert at the Madison Square Garden. Furthermore, One Direction embarked on their second worldwide concert tour entitled the "Take Me Home Tour" in 2013.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: In 2012, One Direction revealed that a follow-up release to their debut album, "Up All Night" (2011), was in development. "In the summer, we're going to get back and start a new record. We want to bring out a record nearly every year, every year and a half," Niall Horan said, revealing they were arranging "meetings and stuff with different writers and producers." In March 2012, McFly frontman Tom Fletcher confirmed that he would be writing a song for the album. In February 2012, One Direction expressed interest in working with Ed Sheeran, and in June 2012, Sheeran confirmed that they were in contact: "I'm going into the studio in August to produce the tracks for them. I won't feature on the tracks though".


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: In April 2012, "The Independent" reported that Simon Cowell, the group's manager, had challenged prominent songwriters to compete for space on One Direction's second album. Dee Demirbag, responsible for repertoire at BMG Rights Management, a music publisher, in Scandinavia, said: "Breaking a boy band in the U.S. is about as big as it gets in the music industry, so you can imagine the competition to get cuts on the next One Direction album is immense". In addition, the article reported that Syco Records was working on candidates with Max Martin and Kristian Lundin. By August 2012, it was confirmed that album would feature work from veterans such as Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, Dr. Luke, Cirkut, and Shellback.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: "Take Me Home" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. "The Swedish-style songwriting: melody first" was predominantly utilised, according to "Time" correspondent Douglas Wolk. Savan Kotecha, Yacoub, and Falk, who composed One Direction's hits, "What Makes You Beautiful" and "One Thing", spent six months in Stockholm, Sweden, developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around their tones. Kotecha reflected: "We'll spend days, sometimes weeks, challenging the melody. The goal is to make it sound like anyone can do this, but it's actually very difficult". In addition, after viewing the international success of "What Makes You Beautiful", the trio conceptualised songs "that kids could play on guitar and cover on YouTube."


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: After extensive promotional appearances in support of their debut album, One Direction began recording the album in May 2012, in Stockholm, Sweden, at Kinglet Studios. In June 2012, the group continued recording the album in the United States, while touring on the final leg of their "Up All Night Tour". Horan, in a June interview with MTV News, disclosed that the group were intending to spend their time in July and August "getting the album done." Besides sessions in Kinglet Studios, recording sessions and mixing for the album took place at Chalice Studios in Los Angeles, MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach, Wendy House Productions in London, and Sticky Studios in Surrey, England.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The album cover artwork, revealed on 30 August 2012, features the group surrounding a traditional British K6 red telephone box, a familiar sight on the streets of the UK.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The album's songs are characterised by metronomic rock-inherited pop, vocal harmonies, hand claps, prominent electric guitar riffs, bright synthesisers, double entendres for sexual intercourse, a homogeneous sound and message, the pitch-correcting software Auto-Tune, and rotations of lead vocals. Jon Caramanica, writing in "The New York Times", considered the album "far more mechanical" than their debut album, although noted that it is sonically and lyrically similar. San Lansky, an editor for Idolator, described it as "'80s-inflected and intermittently rock-dappled," and as more indebted to the "sanitized punk crunch of McFly" than to teen pop.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: Alexis Petridis, a music journalist, interpreted its signature sound as a "peppy, synth-bolstered take on early-80s new-wave pop, heavy on clipped rhythms and chugging guitars," which, he said, is at least an improvement on the substitute R&B "that was once the grim lot of the boyband." The opening guitar riff of "Live While We're Young" has been noted as similar to that of the Clash's 1982 single, "Should I Stay or Should I Go", by some critics. According to Petridis, the guitar is played thrice between the riff with the plectrum stroking the strings, while it is pressed. One note in the chord is changed, which Petridis surmised was probably to avoid paying any royalty to the Clash. "Rock Me" has a clapping, mid-tempo beat that has been likened to that "We Will Rock You", a 1977 single by Queen.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The group's voices are presented individually on the record. Savan Kotecha noted that the Backstreet Boys' late-'90s hits inspired the way he formulated One Direction's voices for the album. Composer Julian Bunetta, who worked on three of "Take Me Home" tracks, also tried to place emphasis on the sound of each member: "The fans can tell the difference, but we wanted to make sure that when it came on the radio, the average person knew that it must be One Direction, because it's five guys."<nowiki> Likewise, Caramanica noted that the album's songs produced by Bunetta "tend to start out with more breathing room, giving the guys a chance to show off vocally". The album's lyricism speaks of falling in love, </nowiki>unrequited love, the insistence that flaws are what make a person unique, and commitment, in songs such as "Little Things," "Last First Kiss," "Back For You," and "They Don't Know About Us." Other tracks, like "Heart Attack," "Rock Me," "I Would," and "Over Again," have a more solemn tone, addressing jealousy and longing for past significant others.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: "Take Me Home" has yielded three singles, including two US singles. Its lead single, "Live While We're Young", was released by Syco Records on 28 September 2012. The song rocketed to worldwide success, peaking at number one in Ireland and New Zealand and the top ten in almost every country it charted in. In the United States, "Live While We're Young" debuted at number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, sold 341,000 downloads in its first week, and bowed at number one on the Digital Songs chart. Its debut marks the highest bow by a British group and the second-highest debut among all UK acts, outpaced only by Elton John's number one arrival with "Candle in the Wind 1997". Its opening sales denote the biggest opening sales figure for a single by a non-US artist and the third ever for a download by a group, surpassed by the arrivals of Maroon 5's 2012 single, "Payphone" (493,000), and The Black Eyed Peas' 2009 single, "Boom Boom Pow" (465,000). "Little Things" was released in the UK and Ireland on 12 November 2012, as the second single. The track debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart of 18 November 2012, becoming One Direction's fifth top-ten appearance and second number-one hit in the United Kingdom. "Kiss You", chosen as the second and final U.S. single third and final overall single of "Take Me Home", was released digitally on 17 November 2012, according to MTV News.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The group and the album's lead single were featured in a Pepsi television commercial for the United States, which premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company network on 10 October 2012. Columbia Records allowed the record to stream in full on iTunes in the week leading up to its 13 November 2012 release. In addition, One Direction promoted the album in a series of live appearances from October toward December, notably on television programmes "The X Factor USA", "The X Factor UK", "The Today Show", and the BBC's "Children in Need 2012" telethon. Additional live appearances include at the Royal Variety Performance, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, the Bambi Awards, and a headlining sold-out show at New York City's Madison Square Garden. The album's accompanying concert tour, the "Take Me Home Tour", commenced at London's O2 Arena on 23 February 2013. The concert tour consists of over 100 shows in Australasia, Europe, and North America, and is set to visit arenas and stadiums from February through October 2013. Announced by member Liam Payne at the 2012 BRIT Awards in early 2012, the original concert tour was billed as the UK & Ireland Arena Tour. In mid-2012, the concert tour expanded with legs in North America and Australasia following the band's international breakthrough. In the UK and Ireland, ticket sales reached 300,000 within a day of release, which included a six-date sell out at the O2 Arena in London. In Australian and New Zealand markets, tickets grossed US$15.7 million, with all 190,000 tickets being sold for eighteen shows to be held in Australia and New Zealand.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The album received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 68, based on ten reviews. Despite its "boardroom-defined objectives" and "safety", Al Fox, writing for BBC Music, considered the music itself "notable quality" and reliable. Matt Collar from AllMusic described it as an "immediately catchy mix of dancey pop that maximizes the group's shared lead-vocal approach and peppy, upbeat image." Kate Wills from "The Independent" praised the uptempo material while defining the ballads as jarring, a notion shared by John Dolan of "Rolling Stone". Simon Gage of "Daily Express" noted that "it's not going to change the world" but "the voices are good and the charm undiminished". Chris Richards of "The Washington Post" wrote that "the group's best songs are dazzlingly efficient" and "the boy band's sophomore album is pop candy in the purest sense—sweet, colorful, and unlike so many releases aimed at ticklish tweenage hearts, consistent". Sam Lansky of "Idolator" commented that the album is "some of the purest pop of the year" and "is actually pretty great—certainly better than it needs to be" while adding that "the hooks are instantaneous and keenly crafted" and "the production is '80s-inflected and intermittently rock-dappled".


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: Al Fox of BBC Music complimented the album, writing "polished and dependable, despite its safety there are some show-stopping pop anthems present" while adding that the album "takes the One Direction brand, reinforces it nicely, and as far as their fans' needs are concerned, ticks every single box". Josh Langhoff of "PopMatters" praised "C'mon C'mon" as the album's best song, calling it "amazing" and "euphoric" and complimenting the group's harmonies while also adding that the album had "unexpected variety" and that "these may be the least articulate cads on the pop charts, but their beats speak volumes". James Robertson of "The Daily Mirror" praised the album, writing that "it's fun, infectious and they've found the balance between poptastic fun for the pre-teens and lyrics with meaning for embarrassed twenty-somethings who secretly listen to "Up All Night" on their iPods" and that "there are some obvious rhymes and repetitive tones but the five-piece have smashed it with "Take Me Home"". Carmin Chappell of "HuffPost" commented that "their maturation into young adults is made evident" and that "although the songs still have the poppy vibe characteristic of boybands, this album has a more cohesive sound than the last" while complimenting the album for how it "successfully embodies the carefree and fun nature of teens". Sarah Dean, also writing for "HuffPost", deemed the album as "disappointingly good pop" and "the kind of music you want to hate and know you shouldn't enjoy as someone who isn't a 'teeny-bopper', but it still puts a smile on your face" while ending her review by saying "One Direction's global music domination won't be ending anytime soon. And this album has made me think it's probably just easier to give in and enjoy it".


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: Some reviews were less positive, with "Entertainment Weekly" writer Adam Markovitz panning the record as an empty gesture and asserting that the album was rushed, signifying an album with "barely enough zip to keep the kids up past dinner." Likewise, Robert Copsey from "Digital Spy" wrote, "The result [of "Take Me Home"] may see them progressing at a snail's pace, but when you've got it so good, what's the rush anyway?" In a mixed review, "The New York Times" contributor Jon Caramanica appreciated the album's sonic palette, but dismissed its lyricism as narrow and tedious, and Sheeran's contributions as "unusually lumpy in the hands of such a polished group". Caramanica characterised the members' vocals as "fundamentally interchangeable", and opined that only Zayn Malik "breaks free from the pack vocally with any regularity."


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: While he commended the album for its "variable quality", Alexis Petridis for "The Guardian" felt the record would not be able to transcend its target market, a core audience aged approximately 8 to 12 and female: "To anyone else, the mystery of One Direction's success—or at least the sheer scale of it—remains as opaque as ever." The latter view was shared by Ben Rayner of the "Toronto Star": "Unless you're in the target demographic or are, perhaps, a mom who lived through the same thing in her youth, there's no point in even going near this record, of course, but the rest of us were never meant to in the first place." Writing for "HitFix", Melinda Newman maintained that the album "masterfully hits its target", and concluded as follows: "I'm so far out of the One Dimension demographic, I practically need a GPS to find it." Kyle Kramer of "Chicago Tribune" called the album "a bit of a cash grab" and "an empty gesture" while stating "that almost every song" on the album "appears carefully engineered to stick to a three-minute run time and the same strict structural formula, in which two verses crescendo into forgettable choruses".


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: Globally, "Take Me Home" topped the charts in more than 35 countries, and was the fourth-best-selling album of 2012, selling 4.4 million units. In the United Kingdom, the album sold over 94,000 copies in its first two days of sale. It debuted atop the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 155,000 copies, becoming their first album to top the chart and the second fastest selling album of 2012. The album and its second single, "Little Things", both debuted simultaneously at number one in the UK on 18 November 2012, making One Direction the youngest act in British chart history to achieve the feat. The album became the fifth-best-selling album of 2012 in the UK, having sold 616,000 copies by the end of 2012. It was certified quadruple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in 2022, denoting sales of 1,200,000 equivalent units. As of February 2016, the album has sold 1,000,924 copies in the UK.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: In Ireland, "Take Me Home" became the fastest-selling album of 2012, lodged six consecutive weeks atop the Irish Albums Chart, and was certified triple platinum by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA). In Italy, the collection became their second Italian chart-topper, and Italy's seventh-best-selling album of 2012. It has been certified double platinum by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry (FIMI), indicating sales of 60,000 copies. In the Netherlands, the album debuted at number one on 17 November 2012, and shipped 25,000 copies in its first day of release. It was certified platinum by 18 December 2012, denoting shipments of 50,000 copies in the region. After a month of its release, it was certified platinum in Poland for shipments of 30,000 copies, while it became the seventh-best-selling album of 2012 in Denmark, having sold 28,875 copies by year end in that country. In Sweden, the album was the ninth-best-selling album of 2012, and has been certified platinum by the Swedish Recording Industry Association (GLF), signifying shipments of 40,000 units.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The album debuted at number one on the Australian ARIA Chart dated 25 November 2012, a position it held for a second week. It was certified platinum in Australia in its first week by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and has since been certified double platinum for a shipment of 140,000 copies.


title: Take Me Home (One Direction album)

text: The record became the band's second number-one album in the United States in the week of 18 November 2012, and recorded the biggest first-week sales tally for an album by a boy band since N'Sync's "Celebrity" (2001), and the third-largest debut sales week of 2012, behind Taylor Swift's "Red" and "Babel" by Mumford & Sons, with 540,000 copies sold. One Direction became the first group to bow atop the "Billboard" 200 with their first two albums since American girl group Danity Kane entered with "Welcome to the Dollhouse" in 2008 and their self-titled debut in 2006, the second act in 2012 to achieve two number-one albums within a 12-month period alongside Justin Bieber, and the first boy band in US chart history to land two number-one albums in a calendar year. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 5 December 2012, denoting shipments of one million copies. It became their second album in 2012 to top the one-million mark in US sales in the week of 16 December 2012, making them the first act to achieve the feat in a calendar year since 2009, and the first group or duo to achieve the feat since Rascal Flatts in 2007. Their debut album and "Take Me Home" were the third- and fifth-best-selling albums of 2012 in the United States, respectively, making the band the first act to place two albums in the year-end top five in the Nielsen SoundScan era. On 29 March 2015, it surpassed the 2 million threshold becoming their second album (after "Up All Night") to sell over 2 million copies in the U.S. As of August 2015, the album has sold 2.02 million copies in the U.S.


title: NK Maribor

text: Nogometni klub Maribor () is a Slovenian professional football club based in Maribor, Slovenia. It competes in the Slovenian PrvaLiga, the top tier of the Slovenian football league system. Nicknamed "The Purples" (""), the club was founded on 12 December 1960. They are regarded as a symbol of Slovenian football, particularly in their home region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia.


title: NK Maribor

text: Maribor have won a record 16 Slovenian PrvaLiga titles, 9 Slovenian Cups and 4 Slovenian Supercups. The club won seven consecutive league titles between 1997 and 2003, and five consecutive titles between 2011 and 2015. Prior to Slovenia's independence in 1991, Maribor played in the Yugoslav football system. They won the Yugoslav second division in 1967 and were therefore promoted to the top-level Yugoslav First League, where they stayed until 1972. They are one of three Slovenian teams that participated in the Yugoslavia's highest division between the end of World War II in 1945 and the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.


title: NK Maribor

text: Maribor is the only Slovenian club that reached the group stages of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. In addition, the club is one of the two founding members of the Slovenian PrvaLiga (along with Celje) which have never been relegated from the league since the inaugural 1991–92 season.


title: NK Maribor

text: The club have a long-standing rivalry with Olimpija from the capital Ljubljana, with whom they contest the Eternal derby. Other rivalries include those with Celje, dubbed as the Styrian derby, and the Prekmurje–Styria derby, contested between Maribor and Mura. Maribor's home ground is the Ljudski vrt stadium, which has a capacity of 11,671 seats. The traditional colours of the club are purple, yellow and white.


title: NK Maribor

text: Nogometni klub Maribor was founded on 12 December 1960 by officials and players of NK Branik Maribor, a club that folded a few months earlier. Srečko Koren was appointed the first president of the club, and Andrija Pflander the first head coach. The club played their first friendly match on 5 February 1961 against Kovinar, defeating them 2–1 with two goals by Stefan Tolič. In their first season, Maribor won the Slovenian Republic League (third tier in Yugoslavia) and qualified for the 1961–62 Yugoslav Second League through the play-offs. In 1961, the club also moved to a newly built Ljudski vrt stadium. After six seasons in the second division, Maribor won the league and was promoted to the top flight Yugoslav First League in the 1966–67 season.


title: NK Maribor

text: Maribor played their first match in the Yugoslav top tier against Vardar in Skopje; Maras scored the only goal for Maribor in a 1–1 draw. Their first win came in August 1967, when Maribor defeated Proleter Zrenjanin 3–0 at home. During the season, the first ever match in the Yugoslav top flight involving two clubs from Slovenia was held, when Maribor hosted a goalless match against their rivals Olimpija from Ljubljana in front of 13,000 spectators. Each match between the two sides during this period attracted large crowds, with attendance sometimes as high as 20,000. Maribor finished their inaugural top division season in 12th place out of 16 teams.


title: NK Maribor

text: In the 1969–70 season, Maribor finished 10th out of 18 clubs, their highest ever ranking in Yugoslav football. Their last season in the top division was 1971–72, when the team finished dead last with just 20 points in 34 matches. Mladen Kranjc was Maribor's top scorer in each of the five Yugoslav top division seasons, scoring a total of 54 league goals, which eventually led to his transfer to one of the top Yugoslav clubs, Dinamo Zagreb. During their five-year stay in Yugoslav's top division, the club played a total of 166 league matches and achieved 40 wins, 57 draws and 69 defeats.


title: NK Maribor

text: In the 1972–73 season, Maribor were competing in the second tier. They finished the season in second place, only behind Zagreb, which meant that they qualified for the Yugoslav first division promotion play-offs. In the first qualifying round against Montenegrin side Budućnost, Maribor won on penalties and qualified for the decisive round against Proleter. The first leg was played at home on 8 July 1973, and is acknowledged as one of the most memorable matches in the history of Maribor, as it still holds the club's home attendance record. There were 20,000 spectators, 15,000 of whom were already present in the stands almost three hours before the start, eventually helping Maribor to win the game 3–1. However, the two-goal advantage proved to be insufficient as Proleter won the second leg 3–0 and was promoted. When the score was 1–0 for Proleter, Josip Ražić equalised in the 23rd minute, but the goal was not awarded by the referee. Later, the television replay showed that the ball had actually crossed the goal line and that the goal should have stood.


title: NK Maribor

text: The period between 1973 and 1991 is one of the darkest in the club's history. In the following 1973–74 season, the club failed to stay near the top of the second division and finished the season in 13th place. In the 1974–75 season, Maribor were relegated to the third-tier Slovenian Republic League for the first time in 14 years, but the club immediately returned to the second division by being 15 points clear at the top of the Republic League table at the end of the 1975–76 season. The club nearly returned to the top tier in 1978–79 when they finished as runners-up of the second division, six points behind Bosnian side Čelik Zenica, but failed to win the promotion play-offs.


title: NK Maribor

text: At the end of the 1980–81 season, after Maribor managed to avoid relegation from the second Yugoslav division, a bribery scandal emerged and caused the club to be relegated by the decision of the Football Association of Yugoslavia disciplinary committee. The club allegedly had a secret fund that served to bribe officials and opponents. The fund was abolished in 1968 after the club's promotion to the first division, but was later established again in 1976. After the scandal and the subsequent relegation, Maribor spent the following years bouncing between the second and third Yugoslav divisions until Slovenia's independence in 1991.


title: NK Maribor

text: Following Slovenia's independence in June 1991, Maribor were one of the founding members of the newly formed Slovenian First League for the inaugural 1991–92 season. In the first few seasons, Maribor's rivals Olimpija from Ljubljana dominated the league. Nevertheless, Maribor managed to win the first edition of the Slovenian Cup in 1992 after beating Olimpija 4–3 on penalties in the final. In the next season, Maribor made their debut in international UEFA competitions, appearing in UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. They played their first international match on 19 August 1992, when they hosted Ħamrun Spartans of Malta and won 4–0. Ante Šimundža scored the first European goal for the club. Maribor were Slovenian League runners-up in 1991–92, 1992–93 and 1994–95, before finishing fourth in the 1995–96 season. During this period Maribor won another cup title in 1993–94, defeating Mura 3–2 on aggregate over two legs in the final.


title: NK Maribor

text: The 1996–97 season proved to be a turning point in the history of Maribor. The club won the league and became champions for the first time in their history. During the season, the average home attendance was 5,289 spectators, which is still a record .<ref name="1996/1997"></ref> The final match of the season was played on 1 June 1997 against Beltinci in front of 14,000 spectators, which is also a joint-record of the Slovenian top division. In that season Maribor also won the 1996–97 Slovenian Cup, thus winning the domestic double, a feat they repeated in the 1998–99 season. After their first title in 1996–97, Maribor went on to win six more titles, bringing their total number to seven consecutive titles by 2003. In the 1999–2000 season, the club, led by head coach Bojan Prašnikar, defeated Genk and Lyon in the qualifying rounds of the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League and thus qualified for the group stage of the competition for the first time. Maribor were drawn into the group with Dynamo Kyiv, Bayer Leverkusen, and Lazio. They finished in last place with four points out of six games.


title: NK Maribor

text: The 2003–04 Slovenian Cup was the last trophy won by Maribor before the club declined for several years. Between 2004 and 2007, the club was plagued by major financial difficulties, and even came close to being disbanded at one point. Due to their large debts, which at one point amounted to over €3 million, the club could not afford to buy new players. As a result, the first team at the time consisted mostly of youth players mixed with a couple of foreign players brought to the club on free transfers. In the autumn of 2006, the leadership of the club changed, and it was not until January 2011 that the club announced that the debt had been paid in full. During this period, Maribor never finished higher than third in the league, and were runners-up of the Slovenian Cup twice, in 2007 and 2008. They were, however, one of the eleven winners of the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup, in which they defeated Spanish side Villarreal 3–2 on aggregate in the final round, only a couple of months after Villareal had played in the semi-final of the UEFA Champions League.


title: NK Maribor

text: In July 2007, Maribor appointed former Slovenian international Zlatko Zahovič as the club's sporting director, which marked the beginning of the golden era of the club.


title: NK Maribor

text: In May 2008, Maribor played their first match at the renovated stadium in front of over 12,000 spectators. In the same month, Darko Milanič, who later became the most successful manager in the club's history, was appointed as manager. Under his leadership, Maribor won the league in the 2008–09 season, their first title in six years. The following season, they failed to retain the league title, finishing second behind Koper. However, they won the cup title after beating Domžale 3–2 in the final, as well as their first ever Slovenian Supercup title after beating Interblock.


title: NK Maribor

text: At the end of 2010, the club celebrated its 50th anniversary, and also secured its ninth Slovenian league title during the course of the season. In the following years, Maribor won four more consecutive titles, bringing the total championship tally to 13, before finally losing the title in 2016 to their biggest rivals Olimpija Ljubljana. In 2012, Maribor also obtained a record number of points (85). Furthermore, Maribor also won two back-to-back doubles in this period, beating Celje on both occasions in the 2012 and 2013 Slovenian cup finals.


title: NK Maribor

text: In 2011, Maribor made a breakthrough in international competitions. They eliminated Rangers in the UEFA Europa League play-offs and qualified for the group stage, their first group stage appearance in European competitions in more than a decade. They obtained one point in six matches, holding Braga to a 1–1 draw at home. In the next season, they again qualified for the group stage, and managed to win four points after defeating Panathinaikos and drawing with Tottenham Hotspur, both at home.


title: NK Maribor

text: In their third consecutive appearance in the group stage, in 2013–14, Maribor advanced to the knockout phase of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League for the first time. In the round of 32, they were eliminated by the eventual winners of the competition, Sevilla, 4–3 on aggregate. Their successful European run was upgraded in the 2014–15 season, when Maribor finally qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the second time in their history, after eliminating Celtic in the play-offs. They were drawn into Group G with Chelsea, Schalke 04, and Sporting CP. After a draw and a defeat against each team, Maribor won three points in six matches.


title: NK Maribor

text: In 2015–16, Maribor failed to win the league title for the first time in six years, but reclaimed the throne the following season, winning their 14th national title. As Slovenian champions, Maribor represented Slovenia in the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, and for the third time in the club's history reached the group stage. Maribor competed in Group E, along with Spartak Moscow, Sevilla, and Liverpool. The club again obtained three points in six matches, the same as in 2014, after drawing with Sevilla at home and twice against Spartak. Their 7–0 defeat to Liverpool was the club's heaviest home defeat in European competitions, and their second highest European defeat overall. In the same season, Maribor failed to win a trophy for the first time since 2007–08, losing the league title to Olimpija on head-to-head record after finishing with the same number of points. Olimpija also eliminated Maribor in the quarter-finals of the national cup, and therefore Maribor failed to reach the semi-finals of the competition for the first time since 2002–03.


title: NK Maribor

text: In 2018–19, Maribor won its 15th national title under the guidance of Milanič, who won his sixth league title with the club and became the most successful manager in the Slovenian top division. However, Milanič and Zahovič left the club in March 2020 after a series of poor results. During Zahovič's era, Maribor won eight league titles and reached the UEFA Champions League group stages twice.


title: NK Maribor

text: Throughout the entire history of NK Maribor, the main colour of the club has been purple. For this reason, the team is nicknamed "The Purples" (') and "The Violets" ('). The club is also referred to as the "Viole", predominantly in the region of the former Yugoslavia.


title: NK Maribor

text: When NK Maribor was established, some of the club officials were in favour of red and white colours, inspired by the coat of arms of the city of Maribor. However, because many football teams in Yugoslavia already wore red and white jerseys, Maribor officials decided for a new and fresh combination. They decided to follow the example of Fiorentina and their purple and white combination. Oto Blaznik, the first captain of the club, was the one who suggested the combination after seeing the Italian team in "La Gazzetta dello Sport". Since it was almost impossible to get purple kits in Yugoslavia in 1961, the players painted them themselves. The club's secondary colours are yellow and white.


title: NK Maribor

text: In March 1973, the name of the sponsor first appeared on Maribor kits. Since Slovenia's independence in 1991, the main kit sponsors have been Pivovarna Laško, , and (Zavarovalnica Maribor prior 2016).


title: NK Maribor

text: The current crest of the club is based on the official coat of arms of the city of Maribor, which is in turn based on a 14th-century seal with minor differences. The badge is formed in a shape of a shield, and shows the former Piramida Castle that used to stand on top of the Pyramid Hill before it was demolished at the end of the 18th century. A violet blossom forms the backdrop. Unlike the coat of arms of the city of Maribor, the club's current badge does not represent a white dove facing down towards the castle, but a minimalist portrayal of an athlete. At the top of the shield the name of the club and the year of its foundation is inscribed. The entire badge uses only two colours, purple and yellow. Previous versions of the crest included white, one of the club's traditional colours, in the form of a white castle in the centre and a white ball that was on top of the shield. Since May 2012, the crest includes a yellow star at the top, indicating the first ten domestic titles won.


title: NK Maribor

text: Since 1992, the club's official anthem has been the song "", which was written and composed by the band . 80 members of the Viole Maribor fan group also participated in the recording as backing vocalists. The premiere performance of the song took place on 16 September 1992, at the European Cup Winners' Cup match between Maribor and Atlético Madrid.


title: NK Maribor

text: Maribor have played their home games at Ljudski vrt since June 1961. Previously, the club played a very short period of its early history at . Prior World War II, the ground consisted of just a pitch with a small stand, which was destroyed during the war. The site has been used for football since at least the early 20th century; between 1910 and 1960, it was the home ground of many teams based in Maribor, including Marburger Sportvereinigung, SV Rapid Marburg, SK Hertha, SK Rote Elf, I. SSK Maribor and NK Branik Maribor.


title: NK Maribor

text: After the war, the ground was renovated and opened in 1952, but the main grandstand was not built until the early 1960s. On 25 June 1961, Maribor played its first match at the stadium, against , when the grandstand was still under construction.


title: NK Maribor

text: Ljudski vrt is the only stadium in Maribor that is located on the left bank of the river Drava. It is considered a natural, cultural, architectural and sports landmark of the city and is named after a public park previously located in the area. A prominent feature of the grandstand is the 129.8 metres long and 18.4 m high concrete arch. In 1994, floodlights were installed and the stadium hosted its first match at night. Since then, the stadium went through several renovations. The most notable was the one between 2006 and 2008, when three of the four stands (South, East and North) were demolished and completely rebuilt. The West Stand was completely renovated in 2021, bringing the stadium's current capacity to 11,671 seats.


title: NK Maribor

text: In addition to being the home ground of Maribor, the stadium also occasionally hosts matches of the Slovenia national football team. The record attendance of the stadium is 20,000 spectators, achieved in 1973 when Maribor played against Proleter Zrenjanin in the Yugoslav Second League promotion play-offs, while the record for a Slovenian League match is 14,000 spectators, achieved in the last round of the 1996–97 Slovenian PrvaLiga season.


title: NK Maribor

text: NK Maribor is known for having a loyal and passionate supporters. In addition to the city of Maribor and its surroundings, the club also has a large fan base in Styria and Carinthia, with smaller groups of supporters also present in other parts of Slovenia. After its founding, Maribor was marked as a citizens' club, and their city rivals Železničar Maribor as a working class club.


title: NK Maribor

text: The club has an ultras group called Viole Maribor, established in 1989. An apolitical group, they are located on the South Stand of the stadium. The record for the most travelling fans in domestic competitions was in 2001, when 3,000 Maribor supporters gathered in Ljubljana, while the most fans gathered abroad was in 2017 during the club's UEFA Champions League campaign, when over 2,400 supporters travelled to Liverpool.


title: NK Maribor

text: Since the establishment of the Slovenian First League, Maribor has had the highest average home attendance in 25 out of 31 seasons. The highest average league attendance was in the 1996–97 season, when on average 5,289 people attended Maribor's home matches, which is a record in Slovenian club football. In addition, Maribor is the first team to gather more than two million people in the Slovenian League matches since its foundation in 1991.


title: NK Maribor

text: The Eternal derby (") is the biggest derby in Slovenian football, contested by Maribor and their biggest rivals, Olimpija from the capital Ljubljana. The rivalry traces its roots back to the 1960s, when both clubs used to play in the Yugoslav Second League. The first ever official match between the two clubs was played on 2 September 1962 at Bežigrad Stadium, in front of 10,000 spectators.


title: NK Maribor

text: The first derby in the Slovenian football system was played on 16 October 1991. The teams were regularly playing matches in the Slovenian First League and Slovenian Cup between 1991 and 2005, when Olimpija was dissolved due to financial difficulties. In 2005, a phoenix club was established under the name NK Bežigrad, and was later renamed as NK Olimpija Ljubljana. The first derby between Maribor and the newly formed club was played on 24 October 2007 in the quarter-finals of the Slovenian Cup. When Olimpija was promoted to the Slovenian First League in 2009, the rivalry came back to life.


title: NK Maribor

text: An additional intensity to the rivalry is the fact that both Maribor and Olimpija always have the support of ultras groups in their matches. The two groups, Viole Maribor and Green Dragons, are among the largest in the country, and it is not uncommon that the matches between the two clubs are sometimes interrupted by clashes between the two groups or with the police.


title: NK Maribor

text: Other rivalries include those with Celje, dubbed as the Styrian derby ('), and the Prekmurje–Styria derby ('), contested between Maribor and NK Mura and its two phoenix clubs. Similar to Olimpija, Mura also folded and was dissolved in 2005, and today the matches between Maribor and NŠ Mura, founded in 2012, are considered a continuation of the rivalry. In the 2020–21 season, Maribor and Mura contested the title-deciding match in the last round. A draw was enough for Maribor, but Mura won 3–1 and won its first ever title.


title: NK Maribor

text: Since 2005, Maribor have not issued the squad number 19. It was retired in honour of Stipe Balajić, who played for the club for eight seasons between 1997–98 and 2004–05. He played his last game for the club on 7 July 2005, a friendly match against his former club Hajduk Split, where he was substituted after 19 minutes of play in a symbolic gesture. In May 2021, the club retired another squad number, 33, in honour of goalkeeper Jasmin Handanović, who made over 350 appearances for Maribor between 2011 and 2021. In May 2022, the number 9 was retired in honour of Marcos Tavares, a longtime captain and the club's all-time most capped player and top goalscorer.


title: NK Maribor

text: Maribor have also temporarily retired two squad numbers: 26, in honour of Aleksander Rajčević, and 28, in honour of Mitja Viler. Both numbers were retired in 2020 and will remain unassigned until 2030.


title: NK Maribor

text: The academy is responsible for the development of young players in the club. It is composed of eleven youth selections, ranging from under-7 to under-19, with over 210 youth players in the system. The club has also spread the activities of the football school to primary schools in the city of Maribor, where around 850 of the youngest footballers train as part of the Children's Football School (").


title: NK Maribor

text: Since the establishment of Maribor's youth system in its present form in 1990, the academy has been one of the most successful in the country in terms of titles won. The under-19 team holds the national record for most titles, having won the under-19 league seven times. The same team has also won five Youth Cups. Other teams are equally successful as both the under-17 and under-15 teams holds the record for the most titles in their category. In addition, Maribor's youth teams became the first in the country to win championship titles in the four highest youth levels (U13, U15, U17, and U19) during the same season. In 2012, a record eight Maribor players were called to the Slovenian under-17 national team for the 2012 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship.


title: NK Maribor

text: In 2016, the youth team of Maribor participated in the fourth edition of the international children's social programme Football for Friendship, the final events of which took place in Milan. The team won the tournament by defeating Debreceni VSC 1–0 in the final.


title: NK Maribor

text: The Purple Warrior (' or ') is a trophy awarded to the most distinguished player of the year with the best attitude towards the fans and the club. The winner of the trophy is decided by voting on the club's official website and also on the club's official Facebook page. To be eligible to participate in a poll, a player must appear for the club in at least 10 league matches.


title: NK Maribor

text: The following managers have won at least one trophy when in charge of Maribor since Slovenia's independence in 1991:


title: NK Maribor

text: With 16 Slovenian First League titles and 9 Slovenian Cup titles, Maribor is the most successful club in Slovenia in terms of trophies won, and is the record holder for the most consecutive championship titles, with seven. They have also achieved the Slovenian Championship and the Slovenian Cup double on four occasions. In addition, they are the only club which has won the Slovenian version of the treble, having won the league, cup and supercup during the 2012–13 season. On their official website, UEFA states that Maribor has won one international cup, as Maribor was one of the winners of the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 2006. However, the trophy itself was awarded to Newcastle United. Maribor have the best top-flight record in history, having finished below fourth place only once. In 2008, they became the first team to win over 1,000 points in the Slovenian top flight.


title: Monster Cereals

text: The monster cereals are a line of breakfast cereals produced by General Mills Corporation in North America. The line was introduced in 1971 and, at various times, has included five brands, each featuring a cartoon version of a classic movie monster: Count Chocula, Franken Berry, and Boo Berry (all produced seasonally from September 1 to October 31), as well as Fruit Brute and Fruity Yummy Mummy (both discontinued, except for limited productions).


title: Monster Cereals

text: In March 1971, the first two cereals in the line were introduced, the chocolate-flavored Count Chocula and the strawberry-flavored Franken Berry. In the commercials, the two monsters, Count Alfred Chocula and Franken Berry, would engage in comic bickering over which cereal was better, when something or someone else (usually Boo Berry) interfered in their verbal sparring and scared them out of their wits.


title: Monster Cereals

text: In February 1972, Franken Berry cereal included an indigestible pigment that turned some children's feces pink, a symptom sometimes referred to as "Franken Berry Stool". The Count Chocula and Franken Berry recipes were reformulated to remove this pigment.


title: Monster Cereals

text: Boo Berry, the first blueberry-flavored cereal, was released in December 1973, and Fruit Brute in 1974. Fruit Brute was discontinued by 1982 and replaced in 1988 by Fruity Yummy Mummy, which was discontinued in 1992. During this period, Fruit Brute made conspicuous appearances in two films by Quentin Tarantino, "Pulp Fiction" and "Reservoir Dogs", as a visual easter egg.


title: Monster Cereals

text: In 2010, Betty Crocker released Franken Berry and Boo Berry Fruit Roll-Ups. General Mills released Count Chocula cereal bars.


title: Monster Cereals

text: Since 2010, Franken Berry, Boo Berry, and Count Chocula cereals have been manufactured and sold only for a few months during the autumn/Halloween season in September and October. As of late 2010, information such as nutrition data and historical facts can still be found on the official General Mills website at all times of the year.


title: Monster Cereals

text: In August 2013, General Mills released all five monster cereals for purchase during the Halloween season. Both Fruit Brute, which was being released for the first time in 31 years, and Fruity Yummy Mummy, which was being released for the first time in 21 years, received updated packaging like the other cereals, and the Fruit Brute variant was renamed Frute Brute. Additionally, it was revealed on "I-Mockery" that special retro edition boxes of all five cereals with their original packaging art would be sold exclusively at Target stores.


title: Monster Cereals

text: In 2014, General Mills enlisted the help of DC Comics to create new designs for the cereals in time for that Halloween. The designs, revealed on August 6, consisted of a Boo Berry design by Jim Lee, a Count Chocula design by Terry Dodson and a Franken Berry design by Dave Johnson.


title: Monster Cereals

text: In 2021, it was announced that the company would celebrate the 50th anniversary of the introduction of the Monster Cereals by releasing an amalgamated cereal entitled "Monster Mash".


title: Monster Cereals

text: In August 2022, Frute Brute returned, and the covers of all four cereals that year featured artwork by KAWS inspired by the vintage designs.


title: Monster Cereals

text: Until the early 1980s, the monster cereals were also known for their wide variety of both in-pack and mail-away cereal premiums. Many items, such as posters, stickers, paint sets, speedster cars, parachutes, and even vinyl advertising figures, were produced. In 1979, three flexi-discs were made available via cereal boxes: "The Monsters Go Disco", "Count Chocula Goes To Hollywood" and "Monster Adventures In Outer Space".


title: Yesung

text: Kim Jong-woon (born August 24, 1984), better known by his stage name Yesung is a South Korean singer, songwriter, actor, radio personality and television presenter. He debuted in 2005 as a member of Super Junior and its subgroups Super Junior-K.R.Y. (2006), Super Junior-H (2008) and participated in SM Entertainment's projects SM The Ballad (2014). Aside from group activities, he has recorded songs for various television dramas and movies, participated in various television dramas, movies, musicals and radio hosting.


title: Yesung

text: Yesung was born on August 24, 1984 in Seoul and later moved to Cheonan, South Chungcheong at age 10. He is the older son of two; his younger brother's name is Kim Jong-jin. From a young age, Yesung expressed an interest in singing. In 1999, he joined a broadcast singing competition and won gold at the Cheonan Singing Competition. In 2001, Yesung's mother, Im Bo-kyung, signed him up to audition for SM Entertainment's Starlight Casting System, in which he impressed the judges with his "artistic voice", and signed as trainee under SM Entertainment that same year. His label gave him the stage name Yesung which is derived from the Korean phrase "예술가의 성대" (lit. meaning: vocal cords of an artist) and can be translated as an "art-like voice ". Yesung is a tenor.


title: Yesung

text: Yesung officially debuted as part of 12-member project group "Super Junior 05" on November 6, 2005 on SBS's music programme "Popular Songs", performing their first single, "Twins (Knock Out)". Their debut album "SuperJunior05 (Twins)" was released a month later on December 5, 2005 and debuted at #3 on the monthly MIAK K-pop album charts.


title: Yesung

text: In March 2006, SM Entertainment began to recruit new members for the next Super Junior generation. However, plans changed and the company declared a halt in forming future Super Junior generations. Following the addition of thirteenth member, Kyuhyun, the group dropped the suffix "05" and became officially credited as Super Junior. The re-polished group's first CD single "U" was released on June 7, 2006, which was their most successful single until the release of "Sorry, Sorry" in March 2009. In the fall of 2007, the group released their second official album, "Don't Don", which became Super Junior's best-selling album and Korea's second best-selling album of the year.


title: Yesung

text: From September 2006 to September 2007, Yesung was host for radio program, "M.I.R.A.C.L.E for You", where members of Super Junior often appeared as guests. However, before the radio show's first anniversary, Yesung left in order to concentrate on Super Junior's second album, "Don't Don". The last air date for the radio show was September 8, 2007. In November 2006, Yesung, along with Super Junior members Ryeowook and Kyuhyun, formed a subgroup, Super Junior-K.R.Y., a group specializing in R&B ballads. The trio debuted on November 5, 2006 on KBS's "Music Bank" with performing Hyena soundtrack called "The One I Love".


title: Yesung

text: He debut as an actor on July 26, 2007, with the release of "Attack on the Pin-Up Boys", a high school comedy starring fellow Super Junior members. He played the school's rock star who gets attacked by a mysterious force.


title: Yesung

text: On May 9, 2008, Yesung was sent to the hospital after he injured his leg during the 70 km 24-Hour "Marathon of Hope" in which he and bandmates Shindong, Sungmin, Leeteuk, Eunhyuk and Kangin participated. The event was in collaboration with the SBS charity program "Hope TV 24" and the money raised was donated to a Mongolian school in South Korea which was at risk of closing down. Due to the injury, Yesung was unable to complete the marathon, but appeared on stage on crutches with his fellow members. On August 8, Yesung was sent to the hospital after falling from a 1.5m stage while rehearsing at the KBS music program, "Music Bank". The injury aggravated old injuries from the neck and waist and was hospitalised for two days. In June 2008, Yesung became a member of Super Junior-H, releasing their first mini-album titled "Cooking? Cooking!".


title: Yesung

text: He sang ballad track "Love Really Hurts" for the original soundtrack of television drama "Tazza", which aired from September 16, to November 25, 2008. In 2009, Yesung made his musical theatre debut in "Namhansanseong" (lit. South Korean Mountain Fortress), which is based on the novel of the same name by Kim Hoon, which is based on the historical incident of Byeongja Horan, at the Namhansanseong in Gyeonggi-do. But the musical focuses on the lives of common people and their spirit of survival during harsh situations. Yesung played villain "Jung Myung-soo", a servant-turned-interpreter who feels sad from being betrayed by his country, from October 9 to November 4, at the Seongnam Arts Center Opera House. On November 6, he made a surprise appearance on KBS' "Music Bank" with label mates SHINee in place of Jonghyun, who was recovering from influenza, in a performance of "Ring Ding Dong".


title: Yesung

text: In 2010, Yesung starred in the title role of musical "Hong Gil Dong", alongside bandmate Sungmin who also played the historical figure Hong Gildong. It played at the Woori Financial Art Hall at the Olympic Park from February 18, to April 18, 2010. On March 31, 2010, Yesung contributed to the OST of television drama "Cinderella's Sister", starring Moon Geun-young and Chun Jung-myung. The song, "It Has To Be You", is a ballad that tells the story about a man who refused to look for another girl, except for the one he loved. On June 4, Yesung performed it for the first time, and his first solo stage, on "Music Bank" which reached #3 on show's K-Chart.


title: Yesung

text: In July 2010, Yesung appeared with bandmate Leeteuk as MC's for MBC's "Love Pursuer". The show presents a Korean celebrity being showered with affection from a secret admirer, with the challenge of guessing who the admirer is. Yesung was himself the subject of admiration in episode 10. During the recording of "Dream Team 2" on August 21, 2011, he fell from a platform and strained his waist again, but was reported to be a minor injury. On September 4, he became the new MC for "MUZIT", a musical talk show alongside K.Will and veteran composer Yoo Young-suk. It showcased various musical talents from the Korean music industry.


title: Yesung

text: From October 1 to October 28, 2010, he starred in his third musical "Spamalot" playing the main role of Sir Galahad.


title: Yesung

text: On December 29, 2010, Yesung together with Luna of f(x), sang the track "Loving You", on part two of the original soundtrack of KBS drama "President".


title: Yesung

text: On January 31, 2011, Yesung's third solo song, from the OST of SBS drama, "Paradise Ranch," was released. "Waiting For You" is a ballad that tells the story of a man who is adamant on waiting until the end of the world for his lover to return to him. He performed it for the first time at the Super Junior K.R.Y The 1st Concert in Seoul on February 11.


title: Yesung

text: From February 28 to June 21, 2011, Yesung temporarily replaced bandmate Eunhyuk as radio DJ partnering with Leeteuk on "Super Junior's Kiss the Radio", while Eunhyuk was away on promotional activities for Super Junior-M's third EP "Perfection". In June, he joined KBS's "Immortal Songs 2" where singers render their own versions of old songs from music legends and winners are selected by voting. He lost in the first episode but won the third episode when he sang Boohwal's song "The More I Love".


title: Yesung

text: His second duet with Jang Hyejin, was released on July 14, 2011 throughout Korea's digital charts. "I Am Behind You" is from the album "Cooperation Part 1" . The song has a fantastic harmony and is mixed with the lyrics of secretly loving someone and wondering if that person could possibly be feeling the same way about them. On July 18, 2011, "For One Day" was released. It is from the OST SBS historical drama "Warrior Baek Dong Soo" . The song explores an emotional farewell from a lover. Yesung performed this live for the first time on October 6, 2011 at the K.R.Y Concert in Nanjing.


title: Yesung

text: On September 27, 2011, he along with Eunhyuk and Shindong filled in for bandmate Heechul, who enlisted for mandatory military service on September 1, during the performance on "Music Bank" and "Show! Music Core" of Kim Jang-hoon latest single, "Breakups are So Like Me". Heechul is featured in the song and starred in the music video, which was completed the day before he enlisted.


title: Yesung

text: On October 23, 2011, Yesung as part of Super Junior performed in the New York SM Town concert at Madison Square Garden. The cover photo of the New York Times, section C, featured Super Junior with a close up of Yesung.


title: Yesung

text: On November 11, 2012, Yesung along with his brother Kim Jong-jin officially opened their cafe "Mouse Rabbit Coffee" after their franchise, "Babtols" and "Handel & Gretel".


title: Yesung

text: In November 2012, Super Junior K.R.Y. held a concert tour in Japan, Super Junior K.R.Y. Special Winter Concert. They announced that they would be releasing their first single 6 years after debut. The teaser for "Promise You" was released on November 21, 2012, followed by the single on January 23, 2013. It debuted at number two on the Oricon's daily singles chart.


title: Yesung

text: On February 13, 2013, Yesung's OST "Gray Paper" for SBS melodrama "That Winter, the Wind Blows" was released. The track was composed by label mate Kangta and where he went on to performe it on SBS's music program "Inkigayo" on February 17.


title: Yesung

text: Yesung announced at the Seoul concert of "Super Show 5" that he would enlist for his mandatory military service in 2013. He served as a public service worker after four weeks of basic training. He enlisted May 6, 2013, causing him to not take part in the South American leg of "Super Show 5" onwards.


title: Yesung

text: During his military service in February 2014, Yesung joined the ballad group SM the Ballad, initially formed by SM Entertainment in 2010. On the group's 2nd album, he had a solo song for the track "Blind", which releasing on Korean and Japanese version sung by Yesung, however didn't participate with the promotions.


title: Yesung

text: Super Junior-K.R.Y. reunited with Yesung's return from military service Super Junior-K.R.Y. A Japan Tour was started in Yokohama on June 2–3 and had 11 total performances in arenas in Kobe, Fukuoka, and Nagoya. In July 2015, SM Entertainment announced Super Junior-K.R.Y. kick-started their Asia tour in Seoul at the Olympic Hall in Seoul on August 22 and 23. The trio released Japanese single Japan titled "Join Hands" on August 5, 2015.


title: Yesung

text: On July 8, 2015, SM Entertainment announced that Yesung would re-join Super Junior for the special album, "Devil" which was released on July 16, to celebrate the group's 10th anniversary.


title: Yesung

text: In August, Yesung solo song "Dreaming" from the OST of MBC drama, Splendid Politics was released. In November, Yesung played a role in Korean drama "".


title: Yesung

text: Yesung released his first extended play "Here I Am" on April 19, 2016. The album contains seven tracks, with the lead single titled "Here I Am". Yesung made his solo debut stage on M countdown on April 21. Yesung held his first solo concert titled "Sweet Coffee", part of S.M. Entertainment concert series "The AGIT", held from June 3 to June 19, 2016.


title: Yesung

text: On November 18, 2016, it was confirmed that Yesung would join OCN's upcoming drama "Voice""," to air in January 2017.