title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Drug overuse and related legal problems left the band in a state of constant turmoil, which took its toll, both physically and mentally, on the members. In 1969, facing a felony marijuana possession charge, Roky Erickson chose to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital rather than serve a prison term, thus signaling the end of the band's career.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: During the initial months of their existence as a band, the electric guitars used both by Roky Erickson and Stacy Sutherland were Gibson ES-330s. Sutherland's pioneering use of reverb and echo, and bluesy, acid-drenched guitar predates such bands as ZZ Top, Butthole Surfers, and the Black Angels. According to Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top, in the documentary "You're Gonna Miss Me", the guitars were run through Fender Blackface Twin Reverbs, Fender Reverb Units (referred to as a "tube reverb" or "reverb tank"), and Gibson Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tones.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: A special aspect of the Elevators' sound came from Tommy Hall's innovative electric jug. The jug, a crock-jug with a microphone held up to it while it was being blown, sounded somewhat like a cross between a minimoog and cuica drum. In contrast to traditional musical jug technique, Hall did not blow into the jug to produce a tuba-like sound. Instead, he vocalized musical runs into the mouth of the jug, using the jug to create echo and distortion of his voice. When playing live, he held the microphone up to the mouth of the jug, but when recording the "Easter Everywhere" album, the recording engineer placed a microphone inside the jug to enhance the sound.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: At Tommy Hall's urging, the band often played their live shows and recorded their albums while under the influence of LSD, and built their lifestyle and music around the psychedelic experience. Intellectual and esoteric influences helped shape their work, which shows traces of Gurdjieff, the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski, the psychedelic philosophy of Timothy Leary, and Tantric meditation.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: The original 13th Floor Elevators line-up was built around singer/guitarist Roky Erickson, electric jug player Tommy Hall, and guitarist Stacy Sutherland. The rhythm section went through several changes, with drummer John Ike Walton and bass player Ronnie Leatherman being replaced in July 1967. Walton and Leatherman left the band; in their stead were new recruits Danny Thomas (drums, piano) and Dan Galindo (bass) which completed the classic Elevators line-up. Hall remained the band's primary lyricist and philosopher, with Sutherland and Erickson both contributing lyrics as well as writing music, and, later, working with Danny Thomas to arrange the group's more challenging music. In addition to Erickson's powerful vocals, Hall's "electric jug" became the band's signature sound. Later, Ronnie Leatherman returned for the third and final studio album, "Bull of the Woods" along with Thomas, and Sutherland.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: After pleading insanity in response to drug charges—he was arrested for possession of a single marijuana joint—Roky Erickson was committed to a mental hospital in 1969. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic has written that the treatments Erickson received during his three-and-a-half-year confinement may have contributed to his subsequent mental troubles. At that point the Elevators had already dissolved, although local promoters, along with their record label, International Artists, made some attempts to keep the band's name alive. Erickson attempted a sporadic solo career, burdened by management who exploited his instability and involved him in contracts that left him no control or profit from his music. After staying mostly out of sight in the 1980s, Erickson gradually returned to music in the 1990s, especially when the tribute album ""—featuring players from ZZ Top, the Jesus and Mary Chain, and R.E.M., all of whom claimed Erickson's or the Elevators' influence—was released. He recorded "All That May Do My Rhyme" for the Trance Syndicate label, owned by the Butthole Surfers's King Coffey, who claimed Erickson told him it was the first time he'd ever been given a royalty check for his music. By 2001, Erickson's brother Sumner had been awarded custody of the troubled musician and helped him receive better psychological treatment, restore his physical health, and connect with a legal team that helped him untangle his complicated past contracts and begin receiving more royalties for his music. "I Have Always Been Here Before", a 43-track compilation of his post-Elevators music, was released in 2005, and Erickson receives full royalties for the set. In 2010, he released "True Love Cast Out All Evil", a full-length collaboration with indie rock band Okkervil River. Erickson died in Austin on May 31, 2019.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Stacy Sutherland formed his own band, Ice, which performed only in Houston and never released any material. In 1969, after a battle with heroin addiction, he was imprisoned in Texas on drug charges, the culmination of several years of drug-related trouble with the law. After his release Sutherland began to drink heavily. He continued to sporadically play music throughout the 1970s, occasionally with former members of the Elevators. Sutherland was shot and killed by his wife 'Bunni' on August 24, 1978 during a domestic dispute, and is buried in Center Point, Kerr County, Texas.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Danny Galindo played bass with Jimmie Vaughan's (Stevie Ray's older brother) band Storm in Austin, Texas, during the 1970s. He died in 2001 from complications of Hepatitis C.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Danny Thomas left the 13th Floor Elevators in 1968 and was hired to perform with blues guitarist Lightnin' Hopkins. After leaving Texas and returning to North Carolina, he played from 1970 to 1997 with: Lou Curry Band, Dogmeat, Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, and Bessie Mae's Dream. During this time, he owned his own delivery company called Gophers, Inc. Prior to that he worked in accounting at Carolinas Medical Center (formerly Charlotte Memorial Hospital). He lives in Charlotte, North Carolina with his wife, Juanette, and they have two daughters, Christina Juanette Thomas Davis, and Tiffany Joan Thomas Johnson, and son Jason V. Brock, an author of horror fiction.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Benny Thurman joined a string of other bands, most notably Mother Earth, with Powell St. John, and played with Plum Nelly in the 1970s.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Tommy Hall currently lives in downtown San Francisco. In the 1980s, he was rumored to be the true identity of Texas outsider musician Jandek, but this has since been disproved. He became a devout follower of Scientology in the 1970s. He has told interviewers that he is no longer interested in music or thinks of himself as a musician, and that "I lost my jug a long time ago."


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Bassist Leatherman lives in Kerrville, Texas, where he plays occasionally with local bands and fellow Elevator John Ike Walton.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Various Elevators tribute/related bands exist, such as the John Ike Walton Revival, featuring namesake John Ike Walton and Fred Mitchim, the Tommy Hall Schedule featuring Fred Mitchim, and Acid Tomb, featuring members of the Alice Rose. Erickson's youngest brother Sumner Erickson covers many Elevators songs with his band the Texcentrics.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Several partial reunions took place after the band's 1969 demise. Sutherland and Leatherman played 13 Floor Elevator songs at the Ol' Dog Saloon in Ingram, Texas on April 28, 1977. Another partial reunion occurred at Liberty Lunch in Austin in 1984, with Roky alongside John Ike Walton on drums and Ronnie Leatherman on bass, with Sutherland's place taken by guitarist Greg Forest. Tommy Hall did not participate.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: On May 10, 2015 members of the band (Erickson, Hall, Leatherman, and Walton) joined for a 50th Anniversary reunion concert appearance at the psychedelic music festival Austin Psych Fest (Levitation 2015). Stacy Sutherland's guitar duties were covered by Fred Mitchim and Eli Southard.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Today, the 13th Floor Elevators continue to influence new generations of musicians. In 1990, 21 contemporary bands—including R.E.M., ZZ Top, Richard Lloyd, the Jesus and Mary Chain, and Primal Scream—recorded covers of Elevators and solo Erickson songs on "", one of the first tribute albums. In 2005, a panel at the SXSW music festival discussed the music of the Elevators and Powell St. John, one of the Elevators' songwriters.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: "You're Gonna Miss Me" was covered by Australian group Radio Birdman on the 1978 release of their album "Radios Appear".


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: 1980s drone/space-rock band Spacemen 3 were influenced by the 13th Floor Elevators, covering "Roller Coaster" twice, for their debut album, "Sound of Confusion", and as a 17-minute version for their debut EP "Walkin' With Jesus". Vocalist/guitarist Pete Kember also covered "Thru the Rhythm" with his post-Spacemen 3 project Spectrum.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: "Slip Inside This House" was covered by Scottish alternative rock band Primal Scream (on their album "Screamadelica"), by Norwegian band Madrugada, by New York noise rock band Oneida (on their 2000 album "Come on Everybody Let's Rock"), and by electronic band The Shamen on their 1992 promo, "Make It Mine".


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: "Le Bonne Route", a 1996 album by Deniz Tek of Radio Birdman, features a song titled "Lunatics at the Edge of the World", which Tek described as "An ode to Syd Barrett and Roky Erickson."


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: In the 2000 movie "High Fidelity", "You're Gonna Miss Me" is heard in the opening scene, and is the first song on the movie soundtrack album.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: On April 24, 2007, during a radio promotion/interview before a concert, Jesse Lacey of Brand New credited the inspiration and a few lyrics for the song "Degausser" to Roky Erickson.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: In 2009, "You're Gonna Miss Me" was used at length during a scene in episode 21 of Alan Ball's HBO series "True Blood", culminating in a frantic, ultimately unsuccessful attempt by Lafayette Reynolds and Lettie Mae Thornton to remove Tara Thornton from the demonic influence of maenad Maryann Forrester.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: The band has also been an influence on the "stoner rock" scene. Bands such as Queens of the Stone Age, Nebula, and Names and Faces regard them as an important influence.


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Noted Hollywood actor Johnny Depp praised the Elevators in a 2004 interview with "Esquire" magazine: "Roky Erickson and the 13th Floor Elevators, a band out of Texas. They were basically the first psychedelic-rock band. 1965. And if you listen to old 13th Floor Elevators stuff—Roky Erickson especially, his voice—and then go back and listen to early Led Zeppelin, you know that Robert Plant absolutely copped everything from Roky Erickson. And it's amazing. And Roky Erickson is sitting in Austin, Texas; he's just there. And Robert Plant had a huge hit. It always goes back to those guys, you know? I love those fucking guys."


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: Texas recording artist Ray Wylie Hubbard sang "No band was cooler than the 13th Floor Elevators" in his song "Screw You, We're from Texas" from his 2003 album "Growl".


title: The 13th Floor Elevators

text: On January 19, 2014, the song "The Kingdom of Heaven (Is Within You)" was featured at the end of episode 2 of "True Detective".


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Baahubali (styled in official material as Bāhubali; ) is an Indian media franchise created by V. Vijayendra Prasad and S. S. Rajamouli. The franchise started off with a two-part film series directed by Rajamouli. The films were produced in Tollywood, the centre of Telugu language films in India and were filmed in both Telugu and Tamil languages simultaneously. The films were followed by an animated series, a graphic novel, and a trilogy of novels in English.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: The films in the franchise were jointly produced on a budget of 430 crore ($65 million). The first part, subtitled "" was released on 10 July 2015. The second part, subtitled "", released on 28 April 2017. The first novel in the franchise, titled "The Rise of Sivagami", was released on 7 March 2017. The animated series "" premiered on 19 April 2017 on Amazon Prime Video and on Colors TV on 10 December 2017 with an episode titled "Legend Begins".


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: In February 2011, S. S. Rajamouli announced that his next film would star Telugu actor Prabhas. In January 2013, he announced that the working title was "Baahubali", though it would later be finalised. P. M. Satheesh stated that much effort was taken to keep the recording free of anachronistic sounds of modern machinery. Prabhas, Rana and Anushka practiced sword fighting, while Prabhas and Rana learned horse riding. It was later decided to make it a two part film which would release by 2015. On why the film was split into two parts, Rajamouli said, "The story, about two warring brothers for a kingdom, is so big that one film is not enough. We tried but we were losing some of the emotional quotient hence the second release after a gap of 10 months." Tamil lyricist Madhan Karky was selected to write the dialogues for the Tamil version. He said that his dialogues would be along the lines of yesteryear epic historical movies like "Manohara" (1954) and "Nadodi Mannan" (1958) and that they would be in chaste Tamil. The film's action sequences were choreographed by Peter Hein who stated that efforts were being made to keep the visuals as a period film. For a particular action sequence, Peter Hein had to handle around 2000 stuntmen and elephants. K. K. Senthil Kumar was selected to handle the film's cinematography. Director S.S.Rajamouli said that he was inspired from epic Mahabharata in making "Baahubali". The story of "" and "" is set in Mahishmati kingdom.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Sodhe Matha sent legal notices to the film's producers in early January 2014 about the film's title "Baahubali" which is the name of a revered Arihant in Jainism, Bahubali, as they were afraid that the film would portray his story in a violent manner. Days later, Sobhu Yarlagadda defended the story of the film saying "The film has nothing to do with Gomatheswara or the Jain religion. The story is completely fictional written by Vijayendra Prasad and will remain so. 'Baahubali' refers to the amount of power the protagonist possesses." He also clarified that they haven't received the legal notice yet. In June 2015, Rajamouli remarked on the setting and backdrop of the film this way:"The movie is set in a completely fictitious world and period, and I decided that I would design my own weapons and costumes whichever way I liked. People will buy into the film depending on how I present it."The creators were accused of copying the format and the idea of the "making video" from "The Amazing Videohivers", a 123 seconds video clip, created by an Australian firm, which specializes in providing video templates for internet marketing. The video, which uses Adobe After Effects CS5 having a customizable template, depicts how film makers can use the video template to market their products. Regarding the issue, Shobhu Yarlagadda clarified "We have commercially purchased the template used in that video. We have licensed it legally. Anyone can license that template and it is not copying. We felt that the template is ideal for our video and hence we paid for it." "Baahubali"'s first poster was released in early May 2015. The poster, which showed an infant being lifted from a waterbody by a woman's hand, was criticised for its lack of originality; "Deccan Chronicle" noted its similarities to the poster of the 1998 American film "Simon Birch", commenting, "The "Baahubali" poster shows a woman's hand raising an infant from a river; the Hollywood film's poster shows an infant being raised by two hands from water. The image seems to be the same with one difference, the "Baahubali" poster's baby is seen in typical Indian attire."


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: P. M. Satheesh was the sound designer of the film. Regarding his experience with the film, he said ""Baahubali" is one of the very few films in South where a lot of importance is being given to sound recording. We dropped the idea of shooting with sync sound since the dialogue delivery has to be modified accordingly. The sound design team embeds various types of microphones throughout the set to record the ambient sound, which will lend a natural feel to the film. It's necessary, because some of these sounds aren't available in the market. It's quite a challenge for everyone". Sabu Cyril was the production designer of the film. In an interview with "The Times of India", he said "Every hour is a challenge on the sets of "Baahubali". Period films are a huge responsibility as there is no room for mistakes. Everything was created from scratch : chairs, thrones, palaces, swords, armor and costumes." Foley Artiste Philipe Van Leer started working with the film's crew from 5 November 2014 till 14 November 2014 at Dame Blanche complex in Belgium. Rana stated that the film is about a war between two cousin brothers – Baahubali played by Prabhas and Bhallaladeva played by Rana – for the kingdom of Mahishmati.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Prabhas was cast as main lead of the film. Anushka Shetty was cast as the heroine of the film as she was also a part of "Mirchi" (2013). She starred in Rajamouli's "Vikramarkudu", and coincidentally became the first heroine Rajamouli repeated in his films and thus made her schedules full for 2013 and 2014. Telugu actor Rana Daggubati was recruited as the antagonist of the film and coincidentally he was also a part of Rudhramadevi. Tamil actor Sathyaraj, who played Prabhas's father in "Mirchi", signed the film.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Kannada actor Sudeep was picked for a small but important role in the film. He shot for four days in July 2013 for the film and had to fight with Sathyaraj in a stunt sequence choreographed by Peter Hein. In April 2013, Adivi Sesh was cast for a crucial role in the film as Rajamouli was impressed by his work in the "Panjaa" (2011). Actress Ramya Krishna was chosen to play the crucial role in the film as "Rajamatha" in August 2013. Actor Nassar was selected to play a supporting role. On 11 December 2013, a press release stated that Charandeep is selected for one of the negative characters in the film. On 20 December 2013 a press release stated that Tamannaah will be second heroine of the film which marks her first collaboration with Rajamouli and second collaboration with Prabhas. Meka Ramakrishna was picked for the head of kuntala guerilla rebels.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Rana Daggubati was said to be playing the role of Prabhas' brother and he too underwent a lot of physical transformation for the role he was assigned to play in the film. He also underwent training in Martial arts under the supervision of a Vietnamese trainer, Tuan. Sathyaraj has a tonsured look for his role in the film. Sudeep said that he would play the role of a weapons trader Aslam Khan in this film. At the end of October 2013, Rana appeared at a fashion show with a beefed up body which, according to him, was a part of his look in the film. In mid-May 2014, reports emerged that Anushka would play a pregnant woman for a few sequences in the second part of the film. Both Prabhas and Rana maintained long hair for both films.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: At the same time, Prabhas posted in his Facebook page that he underwent a minor shoulder surgery and would join the film's sets in a span of a month. On 1 June 2014, Prabhas and Rana's trainer Lakshman Reddy, said that Prabhas started his training 8 months before the commencement of shooting and after two years, both of them weighed nearly 100 kilos each. He also added that Prabhas has two attires with a heavy, bulky body for Baahubali's role and a lean physique for the second role. For his look, Prabhas met WWE superstars like The Undertaker in February 2014 and interacted with them about their daily regimen and workouts.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Prabhas had equipment costing 15 million( 15 million) shipped to his home, where he built a personal gym. His breakfast included 40 half boiled egg whites blended and added with protein powder. In mid-June 2014, regarding her role in the film, Tamannaah said that she would be playing the role of a warrior princess named Avanthika and her appearance in the film is completely different when compared to her past films. Before joining the film's shoot, Tamannaah did costume trials for the film which she confirmed in her micro-blogging page stating "I am very excited to get on to the set of "Baahubali". I did some dress trials today and my look in this movie will be totally new. I have never been seen in such sort of a look till now. It will be a new role for me." Rajamouli called Tamannaah and her characterization as a "value addition" to the movie. She stated that she plays Avanthika, and had a special training and diet regime. The film introduced a new language called Kilikili.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: The shooting of the film started at Rock Gardens in Kurnool from 6 July 2013. At the end of August 2013, the film's shoot continued at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad where key scenes on the lead cast were shot. The second schedule of the film ended on 29 August 2013. A new schedule started at Hyderabad on 17 October 2013. At the end of October 2013, the maize field specifically cultivated at Ramoji Film City for filming of few crucial sequences was destroyed by rains just a week before the start of the planned shoot there. The film's shoot again continued in Kurnool in November 2013 but the schedule ended abruptly due to incessant rains. Despite taking required measures, the film's crew could not control the people and around 30 thousand people reached the spot. After they were pacified by Prabhas and Rana, Rajamouli stood on the center stage and asked all of them to scream "Jai Baahubali" in sync. The entire incident was captured by the sound department so that it can be used in the film's final cut to create the right ambient sound in some crucial scenes. After that, the film's unit traveled to Kerala for their next schedule. The Kerala schedule started on 14 November 2013.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Towards the end of November 2013, shooting was disrupted by incessant rains and since a portion of shoot was outdoor, the shoot was temporarily stalled. The shoot at Kerala completed on 4 December 2013 and include Athirappilly Falls. A set was erected in Ramoji film city to shoot war sequences involving around 2000 junior artists and almost all the principal cast from 23 December 2013 for which groundwork began in October 2013. There were reports that the farmers at Anajpur village close to Ramoji Film City tried to disrupt the film's shooting citing that they did not have the required permissions to shoot there which were denied by Rajamouli. The film's unit took a two-day break on the eve of New Year and the shoot of the sequence resumed from 3 January 2014. In mid-January 2014, a massive set was constructed there at Ramoji Film City resembling the city center of the kingdom in which the story unfolds. The film's unit took a break on account of Makar Sankranti and the shoot of war sequences resumed from 16 January 2014. On 18 January 2014, the film completed 100 working days of the film's shoot.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: From 28 March 2014, key scenes of the film were shot at night-time at Ramoji Film City. On 5 April 2014, Rajamouli informed that the war schedule came to an end. The film's next schedule started on 20 April 2014 after a brief break. The film's unit took a small break at the end of May 2014 after shooting some scenes on Rana Daggubati and Anushka at Ramoji Film City. Later Rana took a break from "Baahubali"'s shooting for a couple of months. At the end of May 2014, it was reported that Tamannaah would join the sets in June 2014 and would participate till December 2014. Sudeep returned to the film's sets on 7 June 2014 and participated in the shoot along with Sathyaraj at Golconda Fort to start a fresh schedule which ended on 10 June 2014. Rajamouli started re-shoot of some scenes which were originally scheduled for last year whose shoot were disrupted by heavy rains. Tamannaah joined the film's sets in Hyderabad on 23 June 2014. At the end of June 2014, the filming continued at Annapurna Studios in Hyderabad. Prabhas, Tamannaah, Anushka and Rana participated in the shooting and important scenes were shot. That schedule ended after four days. At the same time, it was reported that the film's unit would travel to Bulgaria to shoot the sequences in maize fields which were supposed to be shot in the field destroyed due to rains at Hyderabad in October 2013.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: A romantic song featuring Prabhas and Tamannaah was shot in a specially erected set in Ramoji Film City in the third week of July 2014 which was choreographed by K. Sivasankar. The song was shot using ropes and trusses which are generally used in the action scenes and the film's director of photography K. K. Senthil Kumar stated that the song is shot with an innovative concept with rich visuals. After its completion, an action sequence was shot at Ramoji Film City under the supervision of Peter Hein. On 10 August 2014 the film was declared as the first Telugu film to have been shot for 200 days. A fresh schedule started at Mahabaleshwar on 26 August 2014. The cast and crew had to brave bad weather, including rain, fog and cold weather to complete the scenes. After nearly two weeks, the team wrapped up the schedule and the next schedule began at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad from 12 September 2014. Sabu Cyril designed a 100 feet statue which was erected by Peter Hein in late September 2014. Filming continued at Hyderabad though the rest of the films shoots were halted because of the ongoing strike by Telugu Film Federation Employees as they employed the staff not belonging to the Federation.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: A few action sequences were shot at Ramoji Film City till 30 November on Prabhas and Rana. During the film's shoot for a particular sequence, Tamannaah stood under an artificial tree designed by Sabu Cyril as a part of the set to which she was tied to make sure that she did not fly away because of the strong winds. In early December 2014, the film's unit shifted to Bulgaria for a 25-day schedule. It was reported to shift to Bulgaria from Hyderabad because of the ongoing Telugu Film Federation Employees' strike though the makers refuted those reports adding that the schedule was planned long ago. After three weeks of shoot, the film's unit returned to Hyderabad on 23 December 2014. The film's shoot later continued at Ramoji Film City and from 22 December 2014, thousand horses brought from Rajasthan were planned to be used for shooting. A special song Manohari was filmed in March 2015 featuring Nora Fatehi, Scarlett Mellish Wilson, Madhu Sneha along with Prabhas.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: A completely new language, called Kiliki was created by the lyricist Madhan Karky which is spoken by the Kalakeya tribe.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Baahubali (One Man with Strong Arms) is the soundtrack of ten volumes composed by M. M. Keeravani, for the two-part "Baahubali" film series. The film score album consists of 10 volumes, varying from five to eight tracks with a duration of nearly twenty minutes, as a combination of and , which were released in January–March 2018, in YouTube and all other streaming platforms. The film score was appreciated by both audience and critics alike, contributing to the success of both films.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: An animated series named "" created by Graphic India and Arka Mediaworks premiered on Amazon Prime Video India. The first episode premiered on 19 April 2017 and the other episodes started streaming from 19 May onwards with a new episode released every Friday. Colors TV acquired the television rights of the series and aired the series after it ended its original run on Amazon Prime.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: A prequel novel to the films, titled "The Rise of Sivagami", was released on 31 March 2017. It is the first of a proposed novel trilogy titled "Baahubali – Before The Beginning".


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: "Chaturanga" a prequel novel to the films, was released on 6 August 2020. It is the second of a proposed novel trilogy titled "Baahubali – Before The Beginning". A graphic novel titled "Baahubali: Battle of the Bold" released in the same month, by Graphic India.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: In July 2018, it was announced that "Baahubali" has been adapted into a Japanese manga comic by Akira Fukaya, author of the manga works "Hakobiya Ken", "Mitsurin Shounen" and "".


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: A mobile game called "Baahubali: The Game" based on the franchise was released on 15 August 2017, India's independence day, by Moonfrog.


title: Baahubali (franchise)

text: Various products below are arranged in a chronological order i.e. the order in which the various stories take place one after another in time.


title: Foreign-born population of the United Kingdom

text: The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom. In the period January to December 2016, there were groups from 22 foreign countries that were estimated to consist of at least 100,000 individuals residing in the UK (people born in Poland, India, Pakistan, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Germany, Bangladesh, South Africa, China, Italy, Nigeria, Lithuania, the United States, France, Spain, the Philippines, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, Australia, Portugal, Kenya and Zimbabwe).


text: The foreign-born population increased from about 5.3 million in 2004 to nearly 9.3 million in 2018. In the decade leading up to 2018, the number of non-EU migrants outnumbered EU migrants while the number of EU migrants increased more rapidly. EU citizens were noted to be less likely to become British citizens than non-EU migrants.


text: At the time of the UK census conducted in April 2001, 8.3 percent of the country's population were foreign-born. This was substantially less than that of major immigration countries such as Australia (23 percent), Canada (19.3 percent) and the USA (12.3 percent). In 2005, the foreign-born population was estimated at 9.1 percent, compared to a European Union average of 8.6 percent. The 2011 census recorded 7,337,139 foreign-born residents in England, corresponding to 13.8 percent of the population. The foreign-born population of Wales was recorded as 167,871 (5.5 percent), Scotland's as 369,284 (7 percent) and Northern Ireland's as 119,186 (6.6 percent), making the total foreign-born population of the UK 7,993,480. Figures for each census since 1951 are given in the table below.


text: A 2010 estimate for the whole of the UK shows that 4.76 million people (7.7 percent) were born outside the EU and 2.24 million (3.6 percent) were born in another EU member state.


text: The Office for National Statistics produces annual estimates of the size of the UK population by country of birth, based on the Annual Population Survey. The estimates for 2018 show that 9.3 million people (14 percent of the usual resident population) were born abroad.


text: In January 2021, analysis by the Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence suggested that there had been an "unprecedented exodus" of almost 1.3 million foreign-born people from the UK between July 2019 and September 2020, in part due to the burden of job losses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic falling disproportionately on foreign-born workers. Interviews conducted by Al Jazeera suggested that Brexit may have been a more significant push factor than the pandemic. Subsequent analysis of the impact of the pandemic on population statistics generated by the Labour Force Survey (LFS) suggests that "LFS-based estimates are likely to significantly overstate the change in the non-UK national population". Payroll data shows that the number of EU workers fell by 7 percent between October–December 2019 and October–December 2020.


text: The table below lists the places of birth of UK residents according to the 2001 Census, as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The table also lists population estimates of the foreign-born population for the top 60 foreign countries of birth in the period January 2010 to December 2010, published by the Office for National Statistics.


text: In 2001, the five most common foreign countries of birth were the Republic of Ireland, India, Pakistan, Germany and the United States respectively. In 2010, the most common foreign countries of birth were India, Poland (up from 18th in 2001), Pakistan, the Republic of Ireland and Germany, respectively. While those born in Germany constitute one of the UK's largest foreign-born groups, many are British nationals who were born in Germany to British military personnel based there. The United States dropped to eighth place behind South Africa and Bangladesh, despite growth in the size of the U.S.-born population.


text: The period between 2001 and 2010 saw significant change in the UK's foreign-born population. In particular, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union have led to mass migration from Poland, Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and Lithuania. The number of Poland-born people resident in the UK increased from 60,711 in 2001 to an estimated 532,000 in the year to December 2010, whilst the population born in Lithuania increased from 4,363 to an estimated 87,000. The most significant decrease in a foreign-born population resident in the UK between 2001 and 2010 is in the number of those originating from the Republic of Ireland. Whilst 533,901 people born in the Republic of Ireland were resident in the UK in 2001, this is estimated to have declined to 405,000 by 2010.


text: In 2005 the Institute for Public Policy Research published an analysis of data from the 2001 Census, revealing the number of people included in the census who were born outside the British Isles, where they lived, and comparing this information against the 1991 Census. The results were made available on the BBC website. Note that this data refers to Great Britain only, rather than the whole of the UK, because of the lack of digital boundaries in the census data for Northern Ireland.


title: Ham hock

text: A ham hock (or hough) or pork knuckle is the joint between the tibia/fibula and the metatarsals of the foot of a pig, where the foot was attached to the hog's leg. It is the portion of the leg that is neither part of the ham proper nor the ankle or foot (trotter), but rather the extreme shank end of the leg bone.


title: Ham hock

text: Since this piece generally consists of much skin, tendons and ligaments, it requires long cooking through stewing or braising to be made palatable. The cut of meat can be cooked with greens and other vegetables or in flavorful sauces. It is often added to soups, such as pea and ham soup, with the meat being added to the soup prior to serving. It can also be added to savoury pies. The meat of particularly meaty hocks may be removed and served as is. Ham hocks, like hog jowls (pigs' cheeks), add a distinctive flavor to various dishes. This is particularly true for collard greens, mustard greens, cabbage, green beans and navy beans.


title: Ham hock

text: Ham hocks are essential ingredients for the distinct flavor in soul food and other forms of American Southern country cooking. In the Appalachian mountains, it is common to add ham hocks along with chopped onion and spices to pots of pinto beans to make the meal more hearty. In the Mid-Atlantic States, in rural regions settled by the Pennsylvania Dutch, hocks are a commonly used ingredient for making a kind of meat loaf called scrapple. Eisbein is the name of the joint in north German, and at the same time the name of a dish of roasted ham hock, called Schweinshaxe in Bavaria, Stelze in Austria and Wädli in Switzerland. The dish is very popular in Poland, using this cut. The dish is also popular in the Czech Republic, where it is most popular in Ostrava, close to the Polish border. It is the most popular dish in Polish-Czech Silesia, where it is served in a soup made from sauerkraut called Golonka (Czech: Vepřové koleno). Ham hocks are also popular when boiled with escarole, more commonly called endives, in Italian-American cuisine. Fläsklägg med rotmos is a Swedish dish consisting of cured ham hocks and a mash of rutabaga and potatoes, served with sweet mustard. In Canada, and particularly Montreal, ham hocks are referred to as "pigs' knuckles" and are served in bistros and taverns with baked beans. In northern Italy ham hocks are referred to as stinco, and is often served roast whole with sauerkraut.


title: Sanjeev Bikhchandani

text: Sanjeev Bikhchandani is an Indian businessman, who is the founder and executive vice chairman of Info Edge which owns Naukri.com, a job portal, as well as the co-founder of Ashoka University. He was given the Padma Shri Award, the fourth Highest civilian award in India, in January 2020.


title: Sanjeev Bikhchandani

text: He attended St. Columba's School, Delhi and finished schooling from there in 1981. There after, he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1984. He completed his MBA from IIMA in 1989. He is ranked #68 in Forbes India Rich List 2020 with a net worth of $2.1 Billion.


title: Sanjeev Bikhchandani

text: Sanjeev after his PG left a job marketing Horlicks at Hindustan Milkfood Manufacturers (after series of multinational mergers-and-acquisitions, now known as GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare India) in 1990 to pursue entrepreneurship. Sanjeev founded Info Edge in 1995. In 1997, Bikhchandani set up "Naukri.com", jobs portal located on a server in India, and later "Quadrangle.in", an offline executive search business. In 2005, "Naukri.com" was reported as being India's largest web-based employment site.


title: Sanjeev Bikhchandani

text: Building up in the websites business, Info Edge later launched other classified sites like "99acres.com" in real estate, "Jeevansathi.com" in matrimony and "Shiksha.com" in education.


title: Sanjeev Bikhchandani

text: He is also an astute investor, having invested in unicorns like "PolicyBazaar" and "Zomato". Additionally, he is a part of the 'Vision Circle' of FYI (Foundation for Young Innovators) - a shark tank for social initiatives exclusively open to high school students.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), consisting of the Indian Ordnance Factories, now known as Directorate of Ordnance (Coordination & Services) was an organisation, under the Department of Defence Production (DDP) of Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India. The 41 Indian Ordnance Factories have been converted into 7 Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: OFB was the 37th-largest defence equipment manufacturer in the world, 2nd-largest in Asia, and the largest in India. OFB was the world's largest government-operated production organisation, and the oldest organisation in India. It had a total workforce of about 80,000. It was often called the "Fourth Arm of Defence", and the "Force Behind the Armed Forces" of India. Its total sales were at () in the year 2020–'21.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: It was engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems. OFB consisted of forty-one ordnance factories, nine training institutes, three regional marketing centres and four regional controllerates of safety, which are spread all across the country. Every year, 18 March is celebrated as the Ordnance Factory Day in India.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: The Indian Ordnance Factories predate all the other organisations like the Indian Army and the Indian Railways by over a century. The first Indian ordnance factory can trace its origins back to the year 1712 when the Dutch Ostend Company established a Gun Powder Factory in Ichhapur. In 1787, another gunpowder factory was established at Ichapore; it began production in 1791, and the site was later used as a rifle factory, beginning in 1904. In 1801, Gun Carriage Agency (now known as Gun & Shell Factory, Cossipore) was established at Cossipore, Calcutta, and production began on 18 March 1802. This is the oldest ordnance factory in India still in existence.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: The Indian Ordnance Factories have not only supported India through the wars, but also played an important role in building India, with the advancement of technology, and have ushered the Industrial Revolution in India, starting with the first modern steel, aluminium, copper plants of India, first modern electric textile mill of India, first chemical industries of India, established the first engineering colleges of India, as its training schools, sparked India's first war of independence in 1857 with its rifles and bullets, and also played key role in the founding of research and industrial organisations like ISRO, DRDO, BDL, BEL, BEML, SAIL, etc.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: On 17 June 2021, the Defence Ministry announced its plans to split the existing five operating divisions of OFB, in addition to parachutes and opto-electronics, into seven PSUs, wholly owned by the government. It was mentioned that all existing factories and employees will become a part of these seven PSUs. From 1 October 2021, OFB has been dissolved and all the management, control, operations and maintenance has been transferred to 7 newly formed Defence PSUs, namely:


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: The Apex Board was headed by the Director General of Ordnance Factories (DGOF), who acts as the Chairman of the board (ex officio Secretary to Government of India) and consisted of nine other members, who each held the rank of Additional DGOF. Ordnance factories were divided into five operating divisions, depending upon the type of the main products/technologies employed. These were:


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: Each of the above group of factories was headed by a Member/Additional DGOF who was in the rank of Special Secretary to Government of India. The four remaining members were responsible for staff functions, viz personnel, finance, planning and material management, and technical services, and they operated from Kolkata.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: Each ordnance factory was headed by a General Manager who is in the rank of Additional Secretary to the Government of India.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: National Academy of Defence Production provides training to the IOFS officers in areas of technology, management, public administration as induction and re-orientation courses.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: In 2017, the Department of Defence Production under the Ministry of Defence opened itself to for Joint Ventures with OFB and DRDO was also tasked with identifying their products and patents, with the scope of commercial production


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: A joint venture between Ordnance Factory Board (50.5%), Kalashnikov Concern (42%) and Rosonboronexport (7.5%) established to produce AK-203 (7.62×39mm) assault rifles intended for Indian Security Forces.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: The Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS) is a civil service of the Government of India. IOFS officers are Gazetted (Group A) defence-civilian officers under the Ministry of Defence.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: IOFS is a multi-disciplinary composite cadre consisting of technical – engineers (civil, electrical, mechanical, electronics), technologists (aerospace, automotive, marine, industrial/product design, computer, nuclear, optical, chemical, metallurgical, textile, leather) and non-technical/administrative (science, law, commerce, management and arts graduates). Technical posts account for about 87% of the total cadre. The doctors (surgeons and physicians) serving in OFB belong to a separate service known as the Indian Ordnance Factories Health Service (IOFHS). IOFHS officers are responsible for the maintenance of health of the employees, and the hospitals of OFB. They report directly to the IOFS officers. IOFS and IOFHS are the only two civil services under the Department of Defence Production.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: The type of ordnance material produced is very diverse, including various small arms to missiles, rockets, bombs, grenades, military vehicles, armoured vehicles, chemicals, optical devices, parachutes, mortars, artillery pieces plus all associated ammunition, propellants, explosives and fuses.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: Civilians are required to hold an Arms License (issued only for non-prohibited bore category weapons) in order to buy firearms in India. The following products of the Indian Ordnance Factories Board are available for civilians:


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: These products are exclusively manufactured for use by the armed forces and are not sold to civilians.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: The prime customers of Indian Ordnance Factories were the Indian Armed Forces viz. Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. Apart from supplying armaments to the Armed Forces, Ordnance Factories also meet the requirements of other customers viz. the Central Armed Police Forces, State Armed Police Forces, Paramilitary Forces of India and the Special Forces of India in respect of arms, ammunition, clothing, bullet proof vehicles, mine protected vehicles etc.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: Customers are in the civil sector, central/state government organisations and departments such as Indian Railways, Indian Space Research Organisation, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Nuclear Fuel Complex, Aeronautical Development Agency, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Telecommunications, and State Electricity Boards. Public Sector Undertakings in India (PSUs) such as HMT Limited, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bharat Dynamics Limited, private companies and individuals etc. who purchased industrial chemicals, explosives, arms, ammunition, brass ingots, aluminium alloy products for aircraft, steel castings and forgings, vehicles, clothing and leather goods, cables and opto-electronic instruments.


title: Ordnance Factory Board

text: Arms and ammunition, weapon spares, chemicals and explosives, parachutes, leather and clothing items were exported to more than 30 countries worldwide.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: In professional wrestling a DDT is any move in which the wrestler has the opponent in a front facelock/inverted headlock and falls down or backwards to drive the opponent's head into the mat. The classic DDT is performed by putting the opponent in a front facelock and falling backwards so that the opponent is forced to dive forward onto their head. Although widely credited as an invention of Jake Roberts, who gave the DDT its famous name, the earliest known practitioner of the move was Mexican wrestler Black Gordman, who frequently performed it during the 1970s before Roberts popularized it nationwide.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Rumors abound as to what the letters DDT supposedly stood for, including "Damien's Death Trap", "Damien's Death Touch", "Damien's Dinner Time" (all named after Jake's pet python, Damien) Double Diarrhea Tightrope, "Drape Drop Takedown", "Drop Down Town", "Downward Dome Thrust", and "Death Drop Technique". When asked what DDT meant, Jake once famously replied "The End." The abbreviation itself originally came from the chemical dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, a notorious pesticide, as stated during shoot interviews and Jake's "Pick Your Poison" DVD.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler lifts the opponent onto their shoulders as in an Argentine backbreaker rack and pushes the opponent's legs while still holding the front facelock, flipping them over to the front of the wrestler. The wrestler falls down to the mat front-first, driving the opponent face-first down to the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also called a Single arm DDT or a Jumping armbreaker, this variation of the armbreaker involves the attacking wrestler grabbing the opponent's left or right arm, holding it across their chest, and then falling backwards, dropping the opponent face-first as well as damaging the opponent's arm and shoulder. "Beautiful" Bobby Eaton called this the "Divorce Court".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler applies a front facelock to the opponent, then lifts the opponent into an elevated leg-trap bodyscissors position, and finally fall backwards, driving the opponent head first down to the mat. WWE wrestler Paige uses this variation as a finishing move called the "Ram-Paige". A variation, known as a hammerlock cradle DDT, involves the attacking wrestler lifting the opponent into a bear hug, applying a hammerlock, then a front facelock, then finally driving the opponent's head into the mat. British wrestler Joseph Conners uses this variation, known as the "Righteous Kill," and Nia Jax has been utilizing a version of the move since her return from injury.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Innovated by Kenta Kobashi. Instead of applying a head or facelock, the wrestler bends the opponent forward and hooks each arm behind the opponent's head, a position known as a butterfly. The wrestler then tucks the opponent's head under one of their arms and falls back to pull the opponent down either flat on their face, which is the more common variant, or onto the top of their head, causing them to roll over like in a regular DDT. It is also known as a double arm DDT or a butterfly DDT. Mick Foley, Stevie Richards, Drew McIntyre, and Jon Moxley have all popularized variations of this DDT: Foley used an unnamed jumping version, Richards uses a lifting version he calls the "Stevie-T", McIntyre used a snap version called the "Future Shock", and Moxley uses a lift-and-snap version called the "Paradigm Shift".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler stands in an elevated position (usually on the top rope) and faces the standing or bent-over opponent. As they dive, the wrestler wraps their near arm around the opponent's head in a front facelock and swings themselves backwards in midair, landing back-first and simultaneously forcing the opponent's head into the mat. It is used by Yoshinobu Kanemaru as "The Deep Impact". This move was also used by former WWE Tough Enough winner Maven as the "Halo DDT".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This version of a DDT has many names like draping, hangman's, rope-hung and spike which first sees an attacking wrestler place the opponent on an elevated surface, usually the ropes or the turnbuckle, while applying a front facelock. The attacking wrestler next draws the opponent away from the elevated surface leaving the opponent's feet over the elevated surface (i.e. ring ropes), making them the only thing other than the wrestler keeping the opponent off the ground. The attacking wrestler then falls backwards so that the opponent is forced to dive forward onto their head with extra force due to the height of which they were dropped. This can also be performed as a double team move. A slight variation, known as a diving DDT or a Halo DDT, exists and sees the wrestler and the opponent both on an elevated surface, albeit with the wrestler facing the ring. With the opponent in the front facelock, the wrestler and the opponent both dive off the elevated surface, resulting in the wrestler falling forward to perform the DDT instead of falling backwards. The move is sometimes referred to as a "spike DDT", because the defending wrestler lands in an upside-down, almost completely vertical position (known as the "spiked" position, which refers to when a wrestler is actually dropped vertically upside down). When this move is performed on an opponent draped on the first rope, then only it is called hangman's DDT. This move is usually performed with the defending wrestler's feet on the middle rope but Tommaso Ciampa uses this move to an opponent attempting to enter the ring as his finisher; called "Willows Bell" in honor of his daughter. Randy Orton is the most notable user of this move.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: In this variation, the wrestler stands on the top rope with the opponent standing in front of the wrestler. From here, the wrestler performs a cartwheel across the ropes. Then, with his near arm, the wrestler quickly catches the opponent in a front facelock and dives off the ropes, driving the opponent’s head into the mat. This move is used by Jake Atlas, calling it both the "Rainbow DDT" and "LGBDDT".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler applies a front facelock and then falls backwards, much like a normal DDT, but instead of the opponent's head impacting the mat, the wrestler falls to a kneeling or sitting position driving the face of the opponent on to their knee.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a front flip DDT. After applying a front facelock, the wrestler pushes off the mat with their legs to flip the opponent and drive them onto the top of their head in a manner similar to the flip piledriver. It has been used by Will Ospreay as the "Essex Destroyer" and Ace Austin as "The Fold".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a Samurai Driver, this DDT sees a wrestler place their head between the thighs of an opponent before jumping up while pushing away from the opponent's thighs to flip up and sit on the shoulders of the opponent. The wrestler then spreads their legs, dropping off the opponent's shoulders as they grab hold of the opponent's head in a front facelock to fall down to the mat back first, driving the opponent's head down to the mat. This move sees the attacking wrestler get lifted in a powerbomb position so often this move is used as a counter to a powerbomb.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This DDT sees the wrestler stand in front of the opponent facing him or her, duck, hook one of his or her arms over the opponent's shoulder (If it is the opponent's left shoulder that the attacker chooses to seize, he or she hooks with his or her right, or opposite if sides are reversed), swing under the opponent's armpit, then around and over the opponent's back so that he or she faces the same way as the opponent, lock the opponent's head under his or her other hand's armpit, spin another 180° to end up having the opponent locked in a front facelock, and fall back to drive the opponent skull-first to the mat, as per a regular DDT. The maneuver is usually performed after the attacker ducks a punch or a clothesline.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: A variant of the DDT popularized by Raven, the attacking wrestler kicks the opponent in the stomach before applying a front facelock and falling backwards to drive the opponent's head into the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also described as a fireman's carry implant DDT, this move sees the attacking wrestler first put an opponent up in the fireman's carry (across the wrestler's shoulders) position, then throw the opponent's legs out in front of them to spin them out while the attacking wrestler switches the position of their arm holding the opponent's head to a front facelock and falls backwards to drive the top of the opponent's head into the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: After applying a front facelock, the wrestler hooks the opponent's near leg with their other arm, slightly hoists them up, and falls backwards onto their back, driving the opponent's head down to the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Very different from a classic or traditional DDT, as the wrestler never uses their hand in this variation. The wrestler catches the opponent in a standing headscissors and then falls backwards, slamming the opponent into the mat face-first.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Variation of a classic DDT in which the wrestler first applies a hammerlock on the opponent's further arm, goes for a front facelock, and then falls backwards onto their back, driving the opponent's head down to the mat. Andrade El Idolo uses this move as a finisher, he calls "La Sombra". Tessa Blanchard also uses a variant of the Move called "Buzzsaw."


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: A slight variation where instead of just falling backwards, the wrestler jumps up while holding the front facelock and then uses the weight and momentum to pull the opponent down on their head. Also, a variation of this move is sometimes seen where, as the wrestler jumps, they use the horizontal position to execute a front dropkick to the knees of the opponent to add additional impact to the move.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as the Russian legsweep DDT. In these versions of a DDT the wrestler applies a front facelock and then performs a type of legsweep to essentially take out the legs from under the opponent before falling backwards to drive the opponent face first down to the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This version of a DDT is similar to a spike DDT and is often referred to as a low angle brainbuster, or simply as an implant DDT. The attacking wrestler applies a front facelock to an opponent then lifts the opponent off the ground just before falling backwards to drive the opponent face or head first down to the mat. A slight variation of this sees the wrestler spin the opponent's body away from themselves as they raise the opponent off the ground. Another version, the lifting inverted DDT, sees the wrestler apply an inverted facelock, lift the opponent off the ground and fall back. This move was popularized by Gangrel during his stint in WWE as his finishing move, called the "Impaler DDT", and was later adopted by Edge, who called it the "Edgecution". It is currently performed by Robert Roode, who uses a swinging variation as a finishing move, calling it the "Glorious DDT".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler stands in an elevated position (usually on the second or top rope) and faces away the standing opponent. As they flip, the wrestler wraps their near arm around the opponent's head in a front facelock and swings themselves backwards in midair, landing back-first and simultaneously forcing the opponent's head into the mat. An inverted variation was popularized by AJ Styles as the "Phenomenon".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: With the opponent placed in a front facelock, the attacking wrestler performs a Moonwalk maneuver across the ring and then proceeds to execute a classic DDT slam.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The attacking wrestler puts the opponent over the shoulder as in a powerslam set up but instead throws them off and around their body grabbing their head and executing a modified DDT or a modified facebuster. This was the finisher of Tyler Reks, dubbing it "Killjoy".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler charges at a bent-forward opponent and applies a front facelock before dropping backwards to drive the opponent down to the mat head first, this can also used to counter an opponent's back body drop attempt. In another variation the wrestler wll also push the opponent up with their free arm, performing a spike DDT version of the move. Used by Jeff Jarrett and The Undertaker.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This move sees the wrestler apply the front facelock and then put one of their legs on one of the opponent's arms before falling backward and driving the opponent head first to the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The opponent is facing the wrestler on the turnbuckle. The wrestler then does a backflip towards the opponent catching the opponent into a DDT on the way down.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler places the opponent in a front facelock and hooks only one of the opponent's arms behind their neck, as if going for a suplex, before falling back and driving the opponent's head into the mat. A variation of this move sees the wrestler lift the opponent off the ground after applying the underhook, before falling back to drive the opponent head first down to the mat. This lifting variation was popularized by Prince Devitt, who uses a lifting version as a finisher under the name of "Bloody Sunday" and the "1916" as Finn Bálor.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler stands on the ring apron and performs a slingshot, and as they pull themselves over the top rope, they grab their opponent in a front facelock and fall backwards, driving their opponent's head into the mat. Johnny Gargano uses it as "One Final Beat" but its earlier name was "Thunderstruck".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler applies a front facelock to their opponent. The wrestler then jumps down onto their back, swinging their legs forward, bending the opponent, and driving them down to the mat face, forehead, or head first. A slight variation sees the wrestler draw one of their legs backwards (usually the leg closest to the opponent) before swinging it forward to build extra momentum. They then drop onto their back, driving the opponent head first to the mat. Yujiro Takahashi performs a variation where he delivers the DDT to a kneeling opponent, calling his version "Pimp Juice". Lita used a swinging variation and dubbed it the "Lita DDT." Alexa Bliss uses it and calls it the "Bliss DDT".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler applies a front facelock to the opponent and lifts them up with their free arm. The wrestler then falls backwards, driving the opponent vertically down to the mat head first. The Spike DDT is a version of the DDT which is somewhere between a lifting DDT and a brainbuster. It was used by Shinya Hashimoto.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler bounces off the middle rope or elevates themself on the top rope, performing a springboard and then hits any variation of the DDT on their opponent. The wrestler also spins around if they're doing the springboard DDT by bouncing off the middle rope. One of its users was Sabu, who used a tornado DDT by performing a springboard off the middle rope as his finisher.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: In this variant, an opponent lifts up their opponent as if they were going to perform a vertical suplex, but then drops their opponent face first to the mat. Sylvain Grenier uses this move as a finisher, dubbed "3 Seconds of Fame".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This move sees a wrestler grab their opponent around their neck and lean them backwards. The wrestler then applies a front facelock and swings their opponent around, slamming them head first into the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as "Satellite DDT", this variation sees the charging wrestler being spun into a tilt-a-whirl and ends the move up into a DDT. An inverted variation is also possible.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The tornado DDT is also referred to as a spinning DDT. A wrestler goes to the top rope and applies a front facelock to an opponent from an elevated position (for example, sitting on the top turnbuckle against an opponent standing on the mat, or from the apron against an opponent standing on the ground). The wrestler then jumps forward and swings around to fall backwards and drop the opponent's head into the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: In this version the fighter charges an opponent standing, jumps and applies the front facelock in the air before swinging and falling backwards having the opponent hit face first or head first into the canvas. This is sometimes known as a jumping swinging DDT and is used regularly by fighters who use a standard tornado DDT. Mickie James popularized this move under the name "Mickie-DT".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This subsection lists DDTs that involve the opponent being dropped on the back of their heads. The basic inverted DDT is also known as an inverted DDT.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Commonly known as the reverse DDT. A wrestler applies an inverted facelock to the opponent, then falls backward, driving the back of the opponent's head into the mat. The move was popularized by Sting in the late 1990s after he adopted it as his new finisher and named it the "Scorpion Death Drop".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: A wrestler applies an inverted facelock. Then the attacker throws their feet backwards, falling onto their own stomach. The defending wrestler has the back of their head driven into the mat. Popularized by Christian Cage.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The attacking wrestler applies an inverted facelock and puts their arm under the opponent's arm, completing the half nelson, and drops down with the opponent's head driven into the mat.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler applies an inverted facelock on the opponent with one arm, and lifts the opponent up with the other. The wrestler then falls backwards down onto their back, slightly to their side, driving the opponent down to the mat upper back and head first. This move is sometimes incorrectly referred to as an inverted DDT or a reverse DDT. Another variation used can be done where the wrestler falls on their stomach instead of their back, which is known as a lifting falling inverted DDT. Dustin Rhodes uses this move as the "Curtain Call" while D-Von Dudley used this as the "Saving Grace". British wrestler Eddie Dennis of NXT UK uses this as a modified version move calling it as the "Neck stop Driver".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a springboard backflip three-quarter facelock inverted DDT. A wrestler puts the opponent into a ¾ facelock, then runs up the corner turnbuckles or ring ropes and jump backwards performing a backflip, and landing face down driving the opponent down to the mat back-first. Sometimes a standing variant is performed by wrestlers with adequate leaping ability or when assisted by a tag team partner. The move is popularly known, especially in North America, as "Sliced Bread No. 2", a name created by wrestler Brian Kendrick. In a slight variation named the "sitout shiranui" the wrestler lands into a seated position instead, driving the opponent's head between the legs. Seth Rollins used the Sliced Bread No. 2 early in NXT in 2011/2012 season.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: A wrestler applies an inverted facelock to the opponent, swings either their legs for momentum, and then falls backward, driving the back of the opponent's head into the mat. This move is used by Lance Archer, naming the move "Dark Days" and "Final Days".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a backflip three-quarter facelock inverted DDT. In this move a wrestler applies a three-quarter facelock on the opponent and performs a backflip over the opponent while maintaining the facelock turning it into an inverted facelock and then either landing face down to the mat, on their own back to the side, on their knees, or in a sitting position, to drive the opponent's head back-first down to the mat. This move has several names, usually depending on the person performing it. The official name of the move used to be the "Asai DDT" as it was innovated by Último Dragón. A sitout variation is also used, which is popularized by Kalisto as the "Salida del Sol".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: NJPW wrestler Tetsuya Naito uses a modified version of this move called the "Destino" which sees him grabbing and underhooking an opponent's single right arm with his right arm from behind while reaching under the outstretched right arm to take hold the opponent's head with his left arm while running a few short steps forward to jump performing while a backflip maintaining his hold on his opponent thus executing the maneuver.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: This variation sees a wrestler lock in a front facelock and, while falling backwards, twist their opponent around resulting in the opponent landing on the back of their head, as in a standing inverted DDT. The same technique can be used to end in a falling inverted DDT. A slight variation of this sees the wrestler reach under the opponent while setting up the move to grab their far arm. From there, the wrestler pulls the arm over, causing the opponent to twist around until they are in an inverted facelock before then dropping backwards for a standard inverted DDT. This move was the original finisher of The Miz when he made his WWE Debut, dubbing it the "Mizard of Oz".


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: Similar to the normal tilt-a-whirl DDT. This DDT sees the charging wrestler being tilt-a-whirled by the opponent, after the maneuver is over, the wrestler holds the opponent into an inverted facelock, and then falling backwards while he's elevated off the mat into an inverted DDT.


title: DDT (professional wrestling)

text: The attacking wrestler applies an inverted facelock from an elevated position (for example, sitting on the top turnbuckle against an opponent standing on the mat, or from the apron against an opponent standing on the ground). They then jump off so that they swing around the opponent. Using the momentum from the jump, they falls forward and slam the back of the opponent's head into the mat. A standing jumping reverse tornado version of the move is also possible.


title: Amravati

text: Amravati (pronunciation is the second largest city in the Vidarbha region and ninth largest city in Maharashtra, India. It is administrative headquarters of Amravati district and Amravati division which includes Akola, Buldhana, Washim and Yavatmal districts. It is one of the Maharashtra's nominated city under Smart Cities Mission.


title: Amravati

text: In 1983, Amravati city became Vidarbha's second Municipal corporation. Located about 663 (412 mi) kilometers east of the state capital Mumbai and 152 (94 mi) kilometers west of Nagpur, Amravati is the second largest city of the Vidarbha region after Nagpur.


title: Amravati

text: Amravati is located at . It has an average elevation of 343 meters (1125 feet). It lies west of Nagpur and serves as the administrative centre of Amravati District and of Amravati Division. The city is located near the passes through the hills that separate the cotton-growing regions of the Purna basin to the West and the Wardha basin to the East. Chikhaldara is about 80 km from Amravati city which is the only hill station in the Vidarbha region. The land area of the city is around .


title: Amravati

text: Amravati has a tropical wet and dry climate with hot, dry summers and mild to cool winters. Summer lasts from March to June, monsoon season from July to October, and winter from November to March.


title: Amravati

text: The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded were 49.1 °C on 25 May 2013 and 5.0 °C on 9 February 1887 respectively.


title: Amravati

text: The population of Amravati city in 2011 was 646,801; of which males and females are 330,544 and 316,257 respectively. The sex ratio of Amravati city is 957 per 1000 males. The population in the age range of 0–6 years was 62,497. The effective literacy rate (population over 7 years of age) was 93.03%.


title: Amravati

text: Hinduism is the major religion in Amravati with 63% followers, with Islam having 22% and Buddhism having 14% followers.


title: Amravati

text: Amravati Municipal Corporation is the local authority in the city. It is headed by a mayor who is assisted by a deputy mayor elected for a tenure of three years. It was established on 15 August 1983. The area governed by the Municipal Corporation at that time was 121.65  km comprising the erstwhile Municipal Councils of Amravati and Badnera along with eighteen revenue villages.


title: Amravati

text: The star city bus services are run by the Amravati Municipal Corporation. Private auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws are also popular. Amravati has also started a Women's Special City bus which is a first in the Vidarbha region.


title: Amravati

text: The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) provides transport services for intercity and interstate travel. Many private operators also ply on the highly traveled Amravati – Pune and Amravati – Indore routes. Bus services to cities like Nagpur, Yavatmal, Bhopal, Harda, Indore, Raipur, Jabalpur, Mumbai, Pune, Akola, Dharni, Nanded, Aurangabad, Jalna, Burhanpur, Parbhani, Solapur, Khandwa, Gondia, Shirdi, Hyderabad, Paratwada (Achalpur) and Kolhapur are also available.


title: Amravati

text: National Highway 6 (old numbering), which runs from Hazira (Surat) to Kolkata, passes through Amravati.


title: Amravati

text: Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Airport Amravati, located at Bellora, 15 kilometers from NH-6 towards Yavatmal, is operated by the Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC). Presently it has no commercial scheduled flights. The Nagpur Flying Club has applied to DGCA for permission to shift its flying operations to Amravati airport. It also has a helipad facility. MADC is acquiring about 400 Hectares of land for developing the airport and related facilities at an estimated cost of Rs. 2.25 billion.


title: Amravati

text: Territorial Army Parade Ground is a multi-purpose stadium in the city, formerly known as the Reforms Club Ground. 1958 First recorded Cricket match was held in 1958. The ground is owned and managed by the Territorial Army, a part-time branch of the Indian Army. The ground is mainly used for organizing football and cricket matches and other sports.


title: Amravati

text: The stadium hosted one Ranji Trophy match in 1976 when the Vidarbha cricket team played against the Rajasthan cricket team.


title: Amravati

text: In Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal a cricket ground is present that held a single first-class match when Vidarbha cricket team played Rajasthan cricket team in the 1980/81 Ranji Trophy, which resulted in a Rajasthan victory by 7 wickets.


title: Khaani

text: Khaani ("Feminine version of Khan") is a 2017 Pakistani drama television series premiered on 6 November 2017 on Geo Entertainment. It is directed by Anjum Shahzad, produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under 7th Sky Entertainment and written by Asma Nabeel. It stars Feroze Khan as Mir Hadi and Sana Javed as Sanam Ali Khan.


title: Khaani

text: The show was inspired by the real incident of the murder of Shahzeb Khan, which took place in 2012 in Karachi.


title: Khaani

text: The story opens with Sanam Khan (Sana Javed), nicknamed Khaani. She is timid and cowardly unlike a Khan, and her family, who are busy preparing for Khaani and her twin brother Sarim's upcoming birthday. Meanwhile, Sarim is about to graduate when he angers a rich, spoilt son of a politician named Mir Hadi (Feroze Khan). A fight ensues, and Sarim is shot by Hadi 4 times and killed instantly.


title: Khaani

text: Devastated over the murder of Sarim, Khaani's family file a court case against Hadi, they begin receiving threats, face a lot humiliation and harassment. However, Khaani, who has matured and grown a backbone since her brother's death, is steadfast even when her parents waver in the situation. She goes to meet Hadi in the jail and warns him that he will be stuck in this jail forever. A few days later, Khaani reaches her home, only to find Hadi there, free! He points a gun on her forehead and with the fear of getting her shot, Khaani's mother agrees to sign the maafinama (papers in which he has claimed to forgive Hadi and happily take the case back). Khaani curses him, saying that he'll suffer immensely despite being free. He leaves and later thinks about how he literally placed the loaded gun on her forehead, but she didn't even shiver a slightest bit. Seeing this courage, Hadi is surprised and gradually gets infatuated and obsessed with her. He stalks her, one time to the grave of Sarim where she poured her heart and Hadi, hiding in the back, feels sympathy towards her. He also sends her gifts which she burns, seeing that she isn't willing to accept him, he sends her love letters without revealing his identity. Khaani starts to like her mysterious admirer, but when she realizes that "H” mentioned in the letters is really Hadi, she lets go of her feelings.


title: Khaani

text: Hadi's parents are extremely against his unrelenting interest in Khaani and plan an 'accident' to kill her. Khaani ends up in the hospital, and when Hadi learns it was planned by his father, he confronts him and openly declares his love for Khaani, threatening to take his own life if she dies. Khaani survives with just minor injuries, and Hadi is then determined to marry her. He tries to persuade her but is unsuccessful. Seeing their son's marriage to Khaani as an opportunity to gain a favorable impression and votes in the upcoming election, Hadi's parents agree to help him get Khaani but ask him to be patient while they convince her parents. However, Hadi grows impatient and forcefully betroths her to himself when his father is away on a business trip. This leads to Khaani and her family deciding to escape during the night and go into hiding. Hadi obsessively tries to search for her, and his relationship with his father worsens when he refuses to help Hadi find Khaani with his resources.


title: Khaani

text: Meanwhile, Khaani gets a well-paid job in an office and makes fast friends with her boss's great-granddaughter, Raima, who misses her late mother. Arham, Raima's father and the boss's grandson, starts to fall for Khaani and confesses his love to her, to which she refuses because she hasn't recovered emotionally from the scars left by Mir Hadi. Eventually, she gives in to her feelings and accepts Arham's proposal.


title: Khaani

text: Hadi learns from his best friend, Ali, of Khaani's location, and defies his parents' wish by setting out to find her. To his shock and hurt, he arrives at her home just in time to see her in her bridal gown, preparing for her wedding. He kidnaps her and leaves a letter in her room in which he states that he has Khaani away with him, Khaani's mother reads this later and is devastated. Meanwhile, Hadi takes her and asks her why she never fears him. She badly insults him and tells him that she can never ever love him. Resigned, he returns her home and leaves in a dejected and depressed manner. Khaani's family keeps her kidnapping a secret from the groom's family and proceeds to take her to the wedding hall.


title: Khaani

text: Hadi is overcome by the true essence of love and starts seeking the meaning behind his feelings. Meanwhile, Khaani is happily married and living with Arham's family. However, Arham's family is informed by Hadi's mother, who wants revenge, about Khaani's kidnapping and her family's lies about the past and her brother's cause of death, calling her virtue and character into question, thus resulting in her humiliation. She abruptly leaves the house without informing anyone, and Arham feels lonely in her absence. He decides to bring her back, even though his mother is against it.


title: Khaani

text: Hadi, in contrast, is achieving high levels of love and spirituality. Despite his friend and family's requests, he decides to make a Sufi shrine his humble abode and stays there from then onwards, finding that his old home reminds him too much of all his guilty acts and regrets. He also starts experiencing spiritual visions in the form of a woman during his stay in the shrine. This spirit assists him in recognizing true love. Hadi questions the spirit on how to achieve the ultimate love, to which she replies that it is a lifelong, never-ending process.


title: Khaani

text: After returning to her husband Arham's home, both Khaani and Arham decide to reopen Khaani's brother Sarim's murder case file in an attempt to prosecute Mir Shah (Mehmood Aslam), Hadi's father, and Hadi himself, who shot Sarim.


title: Khaani

text: Unaware that Hadi is a completely changed man now, who only wants to spread love and practice spirituality, both Arham and Khaani persist on with the case reopening. Hadi's father tries many ways to stop his son from being punished but fails each time. Hadi himself declares he is guilty and the court gives him the death penalty. Mir Shah is afraid to face the world and commits suicide, whereas Hadi is given a last wish, to which he says he wishes to meet Khaani. Hadi's mother begs Khaani's mother to save her son from death, so Khaani's parents in turn request Khaani to forgive Hadi. Khaani is first reluctant but then decides to forgive Hadi. She visits him a few minutes before his execution and tells him that he does not need to die as she has forgiven him. Hadi begs Khaani to let him die, but she leaves, telling him that death will be his easy way out and living will be the hard way. In the ending, Hadi is shown teaching other prisoners love and how to practice spiritually. The show ends with Hadi saying 'This is not my doing but it is all thanks to God.'


title: Khaani

text: Khaani was on hiatus beginning on 2 April 2018 due to the ban of Geo Entertainment Network, but the broadcast resumed again on 23 April 2018.


title: Khaani

text: Due to its immense popularity serial is broadcast by MBC Drama in Middle East in 2019 under the same title and is also available on Sahid.net in Arabic. The show was also aired in Somaliland on Horn Cable Television Network under the same title in 2019.


title: Khaani

text: The serialcreated new records of popularity soon after its inception and became viral especially on social media. "Khaani" OST has been appreciated with millions of views. Moreover, the episodes uploaded on the official channel page on YouTube has garnered millions of views and trended on the top 3 positions. "Khaani" won over audience nationally and internationally. "IMDb" gave 8.1 out of 10, according to the TRP charts Khaani first episode gained 4.8 TRP ratings. Its second episode gained 4.1 TRP. Its third episode received 4.9 TRP ratings. Its fourth episode received 5.1 TRP ratings. "Khaani" fifth episode gained 4.7 TRP ratings. Its sixth episode received 5.4 TRP ratings and seventh episode with 6.82 TRP and eighth episode got 7.4 TRP. The 9th episode of "Khaani" on the first day of new year got 8.2. On its 11th episode it got 8.9 TRPs and a peak rating of 10.1 leaving behind Hum TV's serial Alif Allah Aur Insaan (TV series). This was the highest rating for any drama serial at that point. Its 12th episode received rating with 9.1 TRPs. On its 13th episode got 8.3 TRPs. Khaani's 14th episode peak rating was 7.1 TRPs. Its 15th episode received rating with 9.0 TRPs. its 17th episode received 7.4 TRPs. Khaani 18th episode got 8.0 TRPs and until highest rating with 10.00 TRPs on its 20th episode. The second last episode of the serial got more than 5 million views on YouTube and gain 8.9 TRP ratings, and the last episode of the serial had 10.1 TRP.


title: Khaani

text: Before the telecast of last episode, a campaign was started by Geo Entertainment about the end of Mir Haadi's story and was largely appreciated by the Khaani viewers.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: Veracruz (), known officially as Heroica Veracruz, is a major port city and municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The city is located along the coast in the central part of the state, southeast of the state capital Xalapa along Federal Highway 140.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: It is the state's most populous city, with a population that is greater than the municipality's population, as part of the city of Veracruz extends into the neighboring Boca del Río Municipality. At the 2010 census, the city had 554,830 inhabitants, 428,323 in Veracruz Municipality and 126,507 in Boca del Río Municipality. Developed during Spanish colonization, Veracruz has been Mexico's oldest, largest, and historically most significant port.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: When the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico on 22 April 1519, he founded a city here, which he named "Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz", referring to the area's gold and dedicated to the "True Cross", because he landed on the Christian holy day of Good Friday, the day of the Crucifixion. It was the first Spanish settlement on the mainland of the Americas to receive a coat-of-arms. During the colonial period, this city had the largest mercantile class and was at times wealthier than the capital of Mexico City. Its wealth attracted the raids of 17th-century pirates, against which fortifications such as Fort San Juan de Ulúa were built. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Veracruz was invaded on different occasions by France and the United States; during the 1914 Tampico Affair, US troops occupied the city for seven months. For much of the 20th century, the production of petroleum was most important for the state's economy but, in the latter 20th century and into the 21st, the port has re-emerged as the main economic engine. It has become the principal port for most of Mexico's imports and exports, especially for the automotive industry.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: Veracruz has a blend of cultures, mostly indigenous, ethnic Spanish and Afro-Cuban. The influence of these three is best seen in the food and music of the area, which has strong Hispanic, Caribbean and African influences.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The name "Veracruz" (originally "Vera Cruz"), derives from the Latin "Vera Crux" (True Cross). Having established the settlement of "Villa Rica" (Rich Village) on Good Friday, 22 April 1519, Cortés dedicated the place to the True Cross as an offering.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The Spanish captain Juan de Grijalva, along with Bernal Díaz del Castillo, first arrived in 1518 at the island later known as San Juan de Ulúa. The Spanish gave it that name because they landed on the Christian feast of John the Baptist (24 June), and in honor of the captain. "De Ulúa" is derived from the local name for the Aztecs, "coluha" or "acolhua." According to tradition, when the Spanish arrived, they found two young men who had been sacrificed. When they asked the locals what had happened, they said the Aztecs had ordered the sacrifice. The word for Aztec evolved into Ulúa.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: While Veracruz itself was founded by Hernán Cortés who arrived in 1519, the area at the time was within the jurisdiction of Monteczuma and his Aztec Empire. Cortés and his men landed at the shore opposite the island where Grijalva had moored, which has the pre-Hispanic name of Chalchihuecan. Cortés, Francisco de Montejo and Alonso Hernández Puertocarrero founded the settlement, naming it Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. The name "Villa Rica" (rich village) referred to the gold that was found here and "Vera cruz" (True Cross) was added because the Cortés expedition landed on Good Friday, a Christian holy day. When Cortés and his soldiers abolished the Aztec despotism and elected a "Justicia Mayor" and a "Capitán General", they created the first city council on the American continent. The city was the first on mainland America to receive a European coat of arms, which was authorized by Carlos V in Valladolid, Spain on 4 July 1523.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The original settlement was moved to what is now known as Antigua, at the mouth of the Huitzilapan (or Antigua River) shortly thereafter. This separated the city from the port, as ships could not enter the shallow river. Ships continued to dock at San Juan de Ulúa, with small boats being used to ferry goods on and off the ships. When large-scale smuggling of goods took place to avoid customs officials, the Spanish Crown ordered the settlement returned to its original site to cut down on that traffic. Docks and an observation tower were constructed on the island to ensure that goods went through customs officials.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: As in other parts of Mexico, the indigenous peoples suffered from epidemics of European infectious diseases, which decimated the population after contact. The Spanish began to import African slaves via the port of Veracruz to work on sugarcane plantations. In the 16th century, this state had more slaves than any other in Mexico. Before the slave trade was abolished, Mexico had the second-highest population of African slaves in the Americas, following Brazil.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: By the end of the 16th century, the Spanish had constructed roads to link Veracruz with other cities such as Córdoba, Orizaba, Puebla, Xalapa and Perote. Their gold and silver were the principal exports. This caused the city problems with pirates, prompting the construction of Fort San Juan de Ulúa on the island where Grijalva had landed in the mid-16th century. Major public buildings were constructed at the beginning of the 17th century: the municipal palace, the monastery of "Nuestra Señora de la Merced", and the "Hospital de Nuestra Señora de Loreto". In 1618, a fire nearly reduced much of the city to ashes. In 1640, the Barlovento Armada was stationed here for additional defense against pirates. Through the rest of the colonial period, this was the most important port in New Spain, with a large wealthy merchant class that was more prosperous than that of Mexico City. The pirates Nicholas van Hoorn, Laurens de Graaf and Michel de Grammont attacked Vera Cruz in 1683.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The 19th century was marked by armed conflicts. During the Mexican War of Independence, Spain placed troops here to maintain Mexico City's sea link with Spain. In 1816, Antonio López de Santa Anna commanded royalist troops countering the insurgency. In 1820, insurgents took the city, despite Santa Anna's attempts to stop them. The last viceroy of New Spain, Juan O'Donojú, arrived here in 1821, where he signed the Treaty of Córdoba with Agustín de Iturbide at Fort San Juan de Ulúa. In 1823, Spanish troops remaining at Fort San Juan de Ulúa fired on the newly independent Mexican city of Veracruz. The city's defense against the attack earned its first title of "Heroic City". During the Pastry War in 1837, the city mounted a defense against a French attack, and earned its second title of "Heroic City."


title: Veracruz (city)

text: In 1847 during the Mexican–American War, United States forces invaded the city. It was defended by generals Juan Morales and José Juan de Landero. The siege continued with brisk firing until 27 March, by which time a considerable breach had been made in the wall surrounding the city. Upon this General Morales, who was Governor of both the city and of San Juan de Ulloa, commenced a correspondence with General Winfield Scott looking to the surrender of the town, forts and garrison. On the 29th Vera Cruz and San Juan de Ulloa were occupied by Scott's army. About five thousand prisoners and four hundred pieces of artillery, besides large amounts of small arms and ammunition, fell into the hands of the victorious force. The casualties on the US side during the siege amounted to sixty-four officers and men, killed and wounded.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: Ten years later, civil war between liberals and conservatives forced Benito Juárez's government to flee the capital of Mexico City. Juárez went to Veracruz and governed from there in 1857. In 1861 Spain sent its troops to occupy the port in an effort to secure payment of debts, which Juárez had suspended. French military forces accompanied them to prepare for Maximiliano I and occupied the city when the emperor and his wife Carlota of Belgium arrived in 1864.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The conflicts and damaged trade relations with Europe took its toll on the port of Veracruz. By 1902, the port facilities had deteriorated, and it was considered one of the most dangerous on the American coast. President Porfirio Díaz contracted with foreign enterprises to modernize the port's infrastructure.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: Between April - November 1914, during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), the US attacked and occupied the port in an effort to try to preserve trade in the dispute with President Huerta. The city gained its fourth title of "Heroic City".


title: Veracruz (city)

text: After the Revolution, most port workers became unionized. Through most of the 20th century, federal and state legal and political initiatives intended to better workers' lives had effects on the operations of the port. Eventually, unions came to have great power over the operations and tariffs charged. By the latter part of the 20th century, competing unions made the operations of the port difficult. Some blocked access to the port from federal roads and financial corruption was a problem.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: In the 1970s, a federal commission was established to design a new administrative system for the ports of Mexico. The legislature passed laws authorizing the federal government to take control over important ports such as Veracruz. The federal government modernized the port, adopting automation of loading and unloading. This resulted in a reduction of 80% of the port's jobs and labor resistance through strikes. The dockworkers' unions unified, negotiating for members to have a stake in a new company to manage the port's functions, named the "Empresa de Servicios Portuarios de Veracruz, S.A. de C.V". The old "Compañia Terminal de Veracruz" was dissolved in 1988 and the new organization was fully in place by 1991.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: In September 2010, Hurricane Karl, a small, strong Category 3 hurricane, caused widespread flooding and damage affecting approximately half a million people. Sixteen were confirmed dead with another eleven missing. Sixty-five municipalities in the state were declared disaster areas. Preliminary damage estimates total up to US$3.9 billion and $50 billion MXN.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: Much of the most recent commercial development has been in newer areas in the south of the city and in the neighboring municipality of Boca del Río, linked by a ten-kilometer road along the shore that caters to tourists and business travelers. The hotels in Veracruz are more rustic and traditional; the modern ones are in Boca del Río, especially near Playa Mocambo.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: Veracruz is not as popular a tourist destination as many other resort areas. But the city has been promoting an identity as a tourist destination, emphasizing new attractions such as the Veracruz Aquarium and the City Museum, and the renovation of historic ones, such as Fort San Juan de Ulúa and the Naval Academy.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The cultural center of the city is its main plaza, officially named Plaza de las Armas but commonly called the Zocalo. This tree-shaded square, in which have camped a number of foreign invading armies, is occupied from morning to night with people playing dominos, selling food, cigars, etc. playing music, dancing and other activities. It is more crowded in the evening, when nearly every night the danzón is danced. This dance was brought over to Mexico from Cuba by refugees in the 1870s. It was originally restricted to the lower classes but eventually gained accepted by all levels of society. The danzón is sponsored by several dance schools dedicated to keeping the tradition alive. Around the plaza are numerous shops and restaurants, as well as the municipal palace and the cathedral.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The Municipal Palace was built for the city council in 1608. The building was extensively remodeled in the 18th century. Its architectural style is a sober Baroque with a tower at one of the corners. Lookouts used this tower to keep watch on the ships entering and leaving the port. It has a large courtyard surrounded by wide arches and is the oldest city government building in Mexico.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The Cathedral of Veracruz, named "Catedral de la Virgen de la Asunción", is also located on the Zocalo. This cathedral was begun in the 17th century and finished in 1731. It was modified in the 19th century but was not designated as a cathedral until 1963. The building has five naves, with an octagonal cupola covered in Puebla tiles. The tower was begun in the early 20th century and has its own small cupola. The main façade is Neoclassic with two levels and a crest. The lower level contains an arched entrance flanked by two Doric columns and the upper level contains the choral window, above which is a medallion. The interior is simple with crystal candelabras.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: In the port area are the Pemex Tower, the old lighthouse, which was the seat of government for Venustiano Carranza, and the Crafts Market. On Marina Mercante Street are located the Old Customs Building, the Postal and Telegraph twin buildings, as well as the old railroad terminal. In the 1920s, passenger traffic was such that the station had its own hotel. The Juarez Hemicycle Monument stands in front of the Civil Registry Building, which contains the first birth certificate issued in the country.


title: Veracruz (city)

text: The "malecón" (boardwalk) stretches for kilometers along the Gulf of Mexico, leading from the city center into the suburbs. This area is popular at night, when people stroll and exercise, enjoying the ocean breezes. Near the city center, the malecón is crowded with merchants selling knick-knacks, souvenirs, jewelry made with seashells, and T-shirts.