title: Al-Assad family

text: The Assad family originates from Ali Sulayman al-Wahsh, Hafez al-Assad's father, who was born in 1875 and lived in the village of Qardaha in the coastal Syrian mountains. The locals reportedly nicknamed him "Wahsh", Arabic for "wild beast", because he was physically strong and a good fighter. Al-Wahsh remained the family name until the 1920s, when it was changed to al-Assad, Arabic for "lion". Because of Sulayman's reported strength and marksmanship, he was respected in his village. At the outbreak of World War I, the Ottoman governor of the Aleppo Vilayet sent troops to the area to collect taxes and round up recruits. The troops were reportedly fought off by Sulayman and his friends who were only armed with sabres and old muskets. Because Sulayman was respected, he was a local mediator between quarreling families. He was also one of the local chieftains who were the de facto rulers of the area. The chieftains from the powerful families would provide protection to their neighbours and in return they gained loyalty and respect. He lived until 1963, long enough to see his son's rise to power. He married twice and over three decades had eleven children. His first wife Sa'ada was from the district of Haffeh. They had three sons and two daughters. His second wife was Na'isa, twenty years younger than him. She was the daughter of Uthman Abbud from the village of Al-Qutailibiyah, a dozen kilometres further up the mountain. They had a daughter and five sons. Hafez was born on 6 October 1930 and was the fourth child.


title: Al-Assad family

text: Following the 1970 coup d'etat that ousted his rival Salah Jadid; Hafez al-Assad developed a Stalinist-style personality cult around him; which depicted him as the father figure of Syrian nation. After Hafez's death, the personality cult was extended towards his son, Bashar al-Assad. Monuments, pictures, statues, symbols and billboards of both the leaders extensively pervade the Syrian society; designed to consolidate the notion of "Assad's Syria". Observers view the state propaganda efforts as a strategy for securing the compliance of the masses and identifying the Syrian nationhood with the Assad dynasty. On the other hand, exaggerations of the propaganda and ever-deepening importance attached to upholding the personality cult around the Assad patriarchs have resulted in the simultaneous de-emphasis on the Syrian identity itself; due to the duplication of reality. In addition to criminalising any and all critiques of the regime; the modes of conveying messages between the state and civil society are restricted strictly within bounds of what is officially acceptable. The state further banned private political opinions critical of the regime and encourages citizens to report relatives and friends who exhibt undesirable attitudes. The policies of economic liberalization implemented during the 2000s worsened the corruption; since the chief grantees of the outcomes were businessmen and relatives close to the Assad family; such as Rami Makhlouf.


title: Al-Assad family

text: Unlike other Arab dictatorships, this feature of the Baath regime and total centralisation of power in the hands of the Assad patriarchs had enabled it to instill apoliticism amongst its citizens; where the ritualisation of state slogans and symbolism had led to de-facto compliance. As a result, there are far fewer avenues of free political activism for ordinary Syrians as compared to other Arab states. Until recently, political activism was shunned by many people; instead preferring the stability offered by the regime. The rise of internet and satellite channels and proliferation of civil society groups, independent political activists, etc. during the 2000s increasingly began to challenge state monopoly on information; which have lead to rising political dissidence amongst the younger generations. Describing the hardships to raise the political consciousness of Syrian citizens by contrasting their situation with other Arab protestors, Caroline, a Syrian Christian and civic activist imprisoned by regime during the 2011-12 Arab Spring protests, states:"Before the revolution in Egypt, people were allowed to gather, had political parties; people were exposed to political life. In Syria, we were away from politics. We were raised in Syria and our parents used to tell us that we shouldn't talk with anyone about our religion or about politics”


title: Al-Assad family

text: The Makhloufs belong to the Alawi Haddad tribe, both Hafez and Rifaat are related through marriage to the Makhloufs. The Makhlouf family rose from humble beginnings to become the financial advisor to Hafez al-Assad after the former President married Makhlouf's sister. The family headed by Mohammad Makhlouf has established a vast financial empire in the telecommunication, retail, banking, power generation, and oil and gas sectors. The net worth of the family was estimated in 2010 to be at least five billion dollars.


title: Born Free

text: Born Free is a 1966 British drama film starring the real-life couple Virginia McKenna and Bill Travers as Joy and George Adamson, another real-life couple who raised Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lion cub, to adulthood, and released her into the wilderness of Kenya. The film was produced by Open Road Films Ltd. and Columbia Pictures. The screenplay, written by blacklisted Hollywood writer Lester Cole (under the pseudonym "Gerald L.C. Copley"), was based upon Joy Adamson's 1960 non-fiction book "Born Free". The film was directed by James Hill and produced by Sam Jaffe and Paul Radin. "Born Free", and its musical score by John Barry, won numerous awards, as well as the title song with lyrics by Don Black and sung by Matt Monro.


title: Born Free

text: In the Northern Province of Kenya, a woman is killed and eaten by a male lion. British senior wildlife warden George Adamson (Bill Travers) is sent in to kill the menacing lion and also his female, who charges him in defence of her three cubs. Realizing they are now motherless, George brings the three cubs home to his wife Joy (Virginia McKenna) and raises them. They name the cubs Big One, Lastika, and Elsa, who is the youngest and the one which Joy and George become especially attached to. When the cubs get too old, the older two are sent to Rotterdam Zoo but the Adamsons choose to keep Elsa.


title: Born Free

text: Some years later, Joy and George soon have to travel to Kiunga as George has been told by his boss, John Kendall (Geoffrey Keen) about a lion who is killing goats in a local village. George successfully manages to kill the lion and he and Joy are able to share a special holiday with Elsa, where they introduce her to the Indian Ocean. On returning to the Northern Province, the Adamsons learn that Elsa has caused a massive elephant stampede. Kendall states that the Adamsons can no longer keep Elsa and must find a zoo to take her in. However, Joy instead wishes to teach Elsa how to survive in the wild, which Kendall reluctantly gives her and George three months to do.


title: Born Free

text: Joy and George travel to Meru National Park where they aim to release Elsa. Initially, they attempt to introduce Elsa to a male lion, which does not go to plan – they leave her overnight with a fresh zebra kill but return in the morning to find her all by herself. Elsa is constantly taken out to the bush but fails to make a kill, getting attacked by a warthog on one of these outings. Eventually, Joy and George decide to leave Elsa in the bush for at least a week and change the location of their camp so that Elsa can become more independent. However, they find her severely injured (possibly by wild lions). Joy still believes that she can teach Elsa to survive as she opposes sending her to a zoo, where she will have no freedom. This proves to be a good decision as Elsa eventually starts leaving the Adamsons for days at a time and eventually makes several kills. The Adamsons thus take her out for her final test – an attempt to join a wild pride. Elsa manages to fight a wild lioness and is accepted into the pride – Joy and George are overjoyed at their success but promise to see their dear friend again when they return to Kenya.


title: Born Free

text: A year later, the Adamsons return to Kenya and are given a week to find Elsa. They are overjoyed to see that Elsa has succeeded as a wild lion and is now the mother of three cubs. However, Joy and George both agree that they will not interact with the cubs, allowing them to survive as wild lions.


title: Born Free

text: The film reunited the real-life couple Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna as a couple first seen together in "The Smallest Show on Earth" in 1957.


title: Born Free

text: George Adamson served as chief technical advisor on the film and discusses his involvement in his first autobiography, "Bwana Game" (UK title, 1968), known in the US as "A Lifetime with Lions". According to Ben Mankiewicz, who introduces the film on Turner Classic Movies, the production unit mainly used wild lions.


title: Born Free

text: The making of the film was a life-changing experience for actors Virginia McKenna and her husband Bill Travers, who became animal rights activists and were instrumental in creating the Born Free Foundation.


title: Born Free

text: One of the lions in the film was played by a former mascot of the Scots Guards, who had to leave him behind when they left Kenya.


title: Born Free

text: The producers also acknowledged the help received from Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia and the Game Department of Uganda.


title: Born Free

text: "Born Free" received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 92% of 12 film critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7 out of 10.


title: Born Free

text: Vincent Canby waxed enthusiastic about the film, writing in "The New York Times", "Almost from the opening shot – a vast expanse of corn-coloured African plain where lions feed on the carcass of a freshly killed zebra – one knows that Joy Adamson's best-selling book "Born Free" has been entrusted to honest, intelligent filmmakers. Without minimising the facts of animal life or overly sentimentalising them, this film casts an enchantment that is just about irresistible."


title: Born Free

text: The book "Born Free" (1960) was followed by two other books, "Living Free" (1961) and "Forever Free" (1963). In 1972, a film sequel entitled "Living Free" was released. While deriving its name from the second book, the film was based on the third book in the series. It starred Susan Hampshire and Nigel Davenport as Joy and George Adamson although the film was not as well-received as its predecessor.


title: Born Free

text: A documentary follow-up to "Born Free", entitled "The Lions Are Free", was released in 1969. The film follows "Born Free"-actor Bill Travers as he journeys to a remote area in Kenya to visit George Adamson, and several of Adamson's lion friends.


title: Born Free

text: In 1974, a 13-episode American television series was broadcast by NBC, entitled "Born Free", starring Diana Muldaur and Gary Collins as Joy and George Adamson. The series was later followed by television film in 1996 called "", with Linda Purl and Chris Noth. Joy and George Adamson do not appear as the main characters in the story. It spawned a TV series in 1998, but none of the episodes aired in the U.S.


title: Born Free

text: "To Walk with Lions" (1999) depicts the last years of George Adamson's life, as seen through the eyes of his assistant, Tony Fitzjohn. George is portrayed by Richard Harris, and Honor Blackman makes a brief appearance as Joy.


title: Born Free

text: The one-hour "Nature" documentary "Elsa's Legacy: The Born Free Story" was released on PBS stations in January 2011. It includes a collection of archival footage and an exploration into the lives of Joy and George Adamson during the years following release of the film.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: A contract manufacturer (CM) is a manufacturer that contracts with a firm for components or products (in which case it is a turnkey supplier). It is a form of outsourcing. A contract manufacturer performing packaging operations is called copacker or a "contract packager". Brand name companies focus on product innovation, design and sales, while the manufacturing takes place in independent factories (the turnkey suppliers).


title: Contract manufacturer

text: Most turnkey suppliers specialize in simply manufacturing physical products, but some are also able to handle a significant part of the design and customization process if needed. Some turnkey suppliers specialize in one base component (ex. memory chips) or a base process (e.g. plastic molding).


title: Contract manufacturer

text: In a contract manufacturing business model, the hiring firm approaches the contract manufacturer with a design or formula. The contract manufacturer will quote the parts based on processes, labor, tooling, and material costs. Typically a hiring firm will request quotes from multiple CMs. After the bidding process is complete, the hiring firm will select a source, and then, for the agreed-upon price, the CM acts as the hiring firm's factory, producing and shipping units of the design on behalf of the hiring firm.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: Job production is, in essence, manufacturing on a contract basis, and thus it forms a subset of the larger field of contract manufacturing. But the latter field also includes, in addition to jobbing, a higher level of outsourcing in which a product-line-owning company entrusts its entire production to a contractor, rather than just outsourcing parts of it.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: Many industries use this process, especially the aerospace, defense, computer, semiconductor, energy, medical, food manufacturing, personal care, packaging, and automotive fields. Some types of contract manufacturing include CNC machining, complex assembly, aluminum die casting, grinding, broaching, gears, and forging. The pharmaceutical industry uses this process with CMs called contract manufacturing organizations, constituing a $14 billion business segment around 2022. In the semiconductor industry, this practice is called the foundry model. Contract manufacturing is specially prevalent in the electronics industry.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: There are many benefits as well as risks to contract manufacturing. Companies are finding many reasons why they should outsource their production to other companies. However, production outside of the company has many risks attached. Companies must first identify their core competencies before deciding about contract manufacturers. A company's competencies are what make them competitive in the marketplace. If a company allows another company to take control of them, it loses that advantage.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: When deciding about contract manufacture, the company should weigh the benefits and associated risks. For small companies, contract manufacturing may not be a good business strategy. For large companies that are trying to extend into new markets, contract manufacturing may be a good choice.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: In an international context, establishing a foreign subsidiary as a contract manufacturer can have favorable tax benefits for the parent company, allowing them to reduce overall tax liabilities and increase profits, depending upon the activities of the contract manufacturer. This is a form of true protectionism.


title: Contract manufacturer

text: The iPad and iPhone, which are products of Apple Inc., are manufactured in China by Foxconn. Some devices may also be manufactured by Pegatron. Apple may move some fraction of iPhone assembly into the United States in the near future.


title: Jesse Novak

text: Jesse Novak is an American composer, best-known for his work scoring television shows, including "The Mindy Project", "BoJack Horseman", "Tuca & Bertie", "The Baby-Sitters Club", and "Superstore". He is the brother of actor and producer B. J. Novak, and the son of author William Novak.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Pi Kappa Alpha (), commonly known as PIKE, is a college fraternity founded at the University of Virginia in 1868. The fraternity has over 225 chapters and colonies across the United States and abroad with over 15,500 undergraduate members over 300,000 lifetime initiates.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Pi Kappa Alpha was founded on March 1, 1868, in Room 47 in West Range (The Range) at the University of Virginia by six graduate students:


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Three of the Founders had been former cadets, having served on both sides of the recently concluded Civil War. One had been a Union hospital officer, another a Confederate veteran, and a third, a repatriate. Expansion was considered early in the fraternity's history; on March 1, 1869, exactly one year after the "Alpha chapter" at the University of Virginia was formed, the "Beta chapter" of Pi Kappa Alpha was founded at Davidson College. Its "Gamma chapter" was placed at William and Mary just two years later, and a total of seven chapters formed in the first decade. This period of early growth slowed though, and by 1889 only four chapters remained active.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: A call for a national convention was sent out, and delegates of three of the four active chapters met in what would become the "junior founding" of the fraternity at what they called the Hampden–Sydney Convention, held in a dorm room at Hampden–Sydney College. This marked the start of a new wave of prosperity and substantial growth and the end of almost a decade of decline. "Theta chapter", at Rhodes College, took over the responsibilities of "Alpha chapter", granting chapters for a short period before this duty was taken over by an administrative office. John Shaw Foster, a junior founder from "Theta chapter", helped to reestablish "Alpha chapter" at the University of Virginia. "Theta chapter" is the longest continual running chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha, having been founded in 1878. The four delegates to the Hampden–Sydney Convention are referred to as the Junior Founders.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Pi Kappa Alpha was not originally organized as a sectional fraternity; however, by constitutional provision it became so in 1889, and for twenty years would only open chapters south of the Mason-Dixon Line.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Pi Kappa Alpha members have supported the nation's armed conflicts in large numbers. In WWI, one out of every six members of the fraternity served in uniform. In WWII, 15,000 of its 33,000 active members served, including General Courtney H. Hodges, a four-star general and commander of the US First Army in Europe.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Sectarian and other restrictions that were in place during the early years have since been modified or removed entirely: Pi Kappa Alpha remained a southern fraternity until the New Orleans Convention in 1909 when the fraternity officially declared itself a national organization. Like many other social fraternities at the time, Pi Kappa Alpha had limited its membership to white males. All race restrictions were removed in 1964.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: "Shield & Diamond" is the official quarterly publication of Pi Kappa Alpha. It was first printed in December 1890 by Robert Adger Smythe, the then Grand Secretary and Treasurer, under the name "The Pi Kappa Alpha Journal". The name was changed to "Shield & Diamond" in 1891.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Pike University is the name used for all of the fraternity's leadership programs. The program is administered by the fraternity's professional staff.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Founded in 1948 as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization for charitable, literary & educational purposes. Events held by the university include International Convention, the Academy, the Chapter Executives Conference, and several regional Leadership Summits. Pike University grants more than $100,000 in scholarships each year.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: In 1948, Pi Kappa Alpha established and chartered the "Pi Kappa Alpha Memorial Foundation" as a 501(c)(3) organization. The foundation grants $350,000 in scholarships and grants to undergraduate members each year. It also provides funding to the fraternity and its chapters for leadership programs, scholarships, and chapter house facilities. The foundation grants initiation fee scholarships to undergraduates inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, Omicron Delta Kappa, Order of Omega, Phi Kappa Phi, and Tau Beta Pi honoraries. The Pike Foundation also maintains and operates the Memorial Headquarters in Memphis, Tennessee. This facility houses professional staffs, the Harvey T. Newell Library, and the Freeman Hart Museum. The building is a war memorial built in 1988 to recognize the military services of members who died in the line of duty. A Gold Star Memorial was dedicated on August 1, 2008.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Despite policies put in place by the national fraternity to curtail hazing behavior, local chapters have been involved in events which lead to deaths, sexual assault, and other misconduct.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Chapters have also been involved with sexual assault cases, such as in 1988, when three Pi Kappa Alpha members at Florida State University were charged in the sexual battery of a freshman female student. The victim was left in the hallway of another fraternity house. The case made national headlines for weeks.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Also in 1988 several members of Pi Kappa Alpha were arrested for a sexual assault that took place at Stetson University.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: In 2008, 10 Pike members were arrested at Tulane University for pouring boiling hot water on pledges, with the chapter having also been accused of drugging and sexually assaulting several female students at the fraternity's annual bacchanal.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Florida International University suspended the fraternity in 2013 after the discovery of photos on Facebook of hazing and drug deals, as well as sexually explicit photos of women taken without their consent.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: In 2015, the former fraternity chapter president at Utah State University was charged with forcible sexual abuse, a felony, after allegedly inappropriately touching a female fellow student passed out at a party.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: Fraternity chapters have been involved in various other notable incidents. In 2014, the leaders of the University of Arkansas chapter were asked to resign following an unauthorized Martin Luther King, Jr. Day party that incorporated racist stereotypes. From 2014 to 2018, the fraternity lost its chapter at the University of Southern Mississippi following a hazing incident that led to the death of two mated flamingos. Pledges stole a flamingo from the local zoo, and in the struggle to defend its mate, the male was killed. The next morning, after being left on a bicycle path, the other died. In May 2017, the chapter at California State University, Chico was charged with illegally cutting down 32 trees in the Lassen National Forest during an initiation of new pledges. They were also charged with possession of a firearm and conspiracy to commit offense or defraud the United States. In October 2017, the chapter was sentenced to 9,800 hours of community service and a $4,000 fine after pleading guilty to cutting down and damaging trees in the Lassen National Forest by the U.S. District Court. In 2021, seven members of the chapter at the University of Mississippi were arrested for harassing a former member who reported the chapter to authorities for hazing. As a result of a pledge who was told to ingest bleach, he was later diagnosed with Grade 4 severe erosive esophagitis.In 2022, the chapter at the University of Alabama (UA) was petitioned by students to be removed from campus. Students at UA petitioned the leadership of the university to kick the fraternity off campus due to compelling allegations of them "drugging young women" and abusing their pledges. It was cited in the petition that the national leadership of the fraternity removed several chapter members for misconduct but there has never been a positive change in the culture of the fraternity hence why they feel they should be deactivated on campus.


title: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: In March 2021, fraternity pledge Stone Foltz was allegedly forced to consume a fifth of Evan Williams whiskey. He later died at the hospital due to alcohol intoxication. Eight members of the Delta Beta Chapter at Bowling Green State University were criminally charged. Charges included: first-degree felony involuntary manslaughter, reckless homicide, felonious assault, hazing, failure to comply with underage alcohol laws and obstructing official business, third-degree felony involuntary manslaughter, tampering with evidence, and obstructing justice. It was described as a hazing incident involving copious alcohol consumption. The international fraternity expelled all of the undergraduate members and revoked the chapter's charter.


title: Asher Roth

text: Asher Paul Roth (born August 11, 1985) is an American rapper. He is best known for his debut single "I Love College". Roth released his debut studio album "Asleep in the Bread Aisle", on April 20, 2009, by Universal Motown, SRC, and School Boy Records; the latter of which was launched by Roth's former manager Scooter Braun. Roth later left Schoolboy Records in late 2012, due to creative differences with Braun. In 2013, Roth signed with indie record label Federal Prism, on which he released his second studio album, "RetroHash".


title: Asher Roth

text: Roth was born and raised in Morrisville, Pennsylvania. He is of Jewish and Scottish ancestry. His mother, Elizabeth ("née" McConnell), is a yoga instructor, and his father, David Roth, is the executive director of a design firm. He attended Pennsbury High School. After graduating from high school, he entered West Chester University and became an Elementary Education major, while continuing to record verses over the popular production of other rappers.


title: Asher Roth

text: During his sophomore year, he posted some of his verses on his Myspace page and sent a friend request to Scooter Braun, an Atlanta-based promoter and former VP of Marketing for Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Recordings. One week after speaking to Braun, Roth flew down to Atlanta and was immediately signed by Braun, who subsequently became his manager.


title: Asher Roth

text: After linking up with Braun, Roth moved to Atlanta to pursue a hip-hop career full-time. As industry buzz grew, Roth was courted by a number of labels, including SRC, Def Jam, Warner Bros. Records and Atlantic Records. Roth would eventually sign a joint venture between Braun's Schoolboy and Steve Rifkind, chairman of SRC/Universal Records. On June 13, 2008, via the internet, Roth released his first professional release, the Don Cannon and DJ Drama-helmed mixtape, "The Greenhouse Effect Vol. 1". This resulted in Roth being the second white rapper to be featured on Drama and Cannon's Gangsta Grillz series. Roth subsequently began recording his major-label debut album. In late 2008, it was revealed Roth was included in "XXL"'s 2009 annual Freshman Class, and was featured on the cover alongside fellow up-and-coming rappers Kid Cudi, Wale, B.o.B, Charles Hamilton, Cory Gunz, Blu, Mickey Factz, Ace Hood and Curren$y.


title: Asher Roth

text: Roth's debut single "I Love College", was released in January 2009 and received many hits across North America. The song also served as his debut album lead single. His second single "Lark on my Go-Kart", was released March 24, 2009. After the two singles were released, Roth's debut studio album "Asleep in the Bread Aisle" was released on April 20, 2009, in honor of cannabis subculture's 420 holiday. During the summer of 2009, Roth joined fellow "XXL" freshmen alumni Kid Cudi and B.o.B, for 'The Great Hangover' concert tour. Roth also joined Blink-182 in the second half of their reunion tour in the fall of 2009.


title: Asher Roth

text: After touring in 2009 and releasing a second mixtape titled "Seared Foie Gras with Quince and Cranberry" in March 2010, Roth began working on his second studio album, then-titled "The Spaghetti Tree". From his friend Boyder's YouTube page, he was seen working with high-profile record producers Pharrell Williams and Nottz Raw. While working with Nottz, the two of them decided to collaborate on a project together, due to having a number of records rejected by the label due to sampling and copyright issues. The result was an eight track extended play (EP), solely produced by Nottz, entitled "The Rawth EP". The EP, which features appearances from Colin Munroe, D.A. (of Chester French), Rhymefest and Kardinal Offishall, was released December 27, 2010.


title: Asher Roth

text: On July 26, 2010, Roth released "G.R.I.N.D (Get Ready It's a New Day)", the initial first single from "The Spaghetti Tree", and promoted the song by traveling to different radio stations across the country. In a July 2010 "XXL" interview, while speaking on "The Spaghetti Tree", Roth revealed four tracks from the album. One was said to feature West Coast rapper Game, one produced by Swizz Beatz and another was revealed to be titled "Run it Back". On May 25, 2011, it was announced that Roth's second studio album would no longer be called "The Spaghetti Tree". On July 19, 2011, Roth released a song titled "Last Man Standing", as a single. The song, which features African-American singer-songwriter Akon, was featured on the soundtrack to the 2011 video game "Madden NFL 12".


title: Asher Roth

text: In an interview with Rikki Martinez of "Power 106", Roth announced he would be releasing a mixtape titled "Pabst & Jazz" and revealed the new title of his upcoming second album to be "Is This Too Orange?". On November 11, 2011, he released the first offering off "Pabst & Jazz", a song titled "Common Knowledge". In November 2011, Roth signed with Def Jam Recordings through the resurface of defunct label Loud Records, which is now still a subsidiary label of SRC Records. In April 2012, Roth revealed he was once again working with producer Nottz Raw, as well as Blink 182 drummer Travis Barker, on an EP titled "Rawther". In late 2012, Roth revealed he scrapped the "Is This Too Orange?" title for his second album, out of respect for Def Jam label mate Frank Ocean's debut "Channel Orange" (2012).


title: Asher Roth

text: On June 5, 2013, Roth announced he would be reuniting with DJ Drama and Don Cannon, to release the sequel to his critically acclaimed mixtape "The Greenhouse Effect" "The Greenhouse Effect Vol. 2" was released on June 25, 2013. In December 2013, Roth revealed his long-awaited and often-delayed second studio album is titled "RetroHash" which was released on April 22, 2014. In a December interview, on a "Juan Epstein" podcast with Peter Rosenberg and Cipha Sounds, Roth announced he is still planning on releasing his collaborative EP "Rawther", with Nottz Raw and Travis Barker; as well as an EP with renowned hip hop producer Pete Rock, tentatively titled "Pete Roth". Upon its release, "RetroHash" debuted at number 45 on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, with first-week sales of 6,100 copies in the United States. In March 2016, Roth announced that he is preparing his third studio album "Red Hot Revival".


title: Asher Roth

text: In 2016 Asher Roth finally moved back to his home state of Pennsylvania after many years living away in Atlanta, New York and Los Angeles. He reconnected with an old musical friend called Rob Deckhart, and they stated working on a number of songs. Finally, over the years, they came up with the album "Flowers On the Weekend" that was released in April 2020.


title: Asher Roth

text: Asher Roth cites Jay-Z and Eminem among his influences in hip hop, mostly by Jay-Z's "Hard Knock Life". Growing up, Roth was exposed to little hip hop in his family, with his parents preferring "The Temptations, Earth, Wind & Fire ... Bruce Springsteen and Dire Straits." According to Roth:


title: Asher Roth

text: Roth does not consider himself Jewish, although his name sometimes leads people to believe that he is, and he has Jewish ancestry.


title: Asher Roth

text: Roth is open about his use of cannabis. As stated in an interview conducted and filmed by DJ Vlad, Roth explained his views about the legalization of cannabis: "Cigarettes don't do anything for you except kill you... I honestly don't believe [marijuana] is the gateway drug, because I use it, and I've never done anything else... I'm trying to be open about my pot smoking."


title: False advertising

text: False advertising is defined as the act of publishing, transmitting, or otherwise publicly circulating an advertisement containing a false claim, or statement, made intentionally (or recklessly) to promote the sale of property, goods, or services. A false advertisement can be classified as deceptive if the advertiser deliberately misleads the consumer, rather than making an unintentional mistake. A number of governments use regulations to limit false advertising.


title: False advertising

text: False advertising can take one of two broad forms: an advertisement may be factually wrong, or intentionally misleading. Both types of false advertising may be presented in a number of ways.


title: False advertising

text: Photo manipulation is a technique often used in the cosmetics field and for weight loss commercials to advertise false (or non-typical) results and give consumers a false impression of a product's capabilities. Photo manipulation can alter the audience's perception of a product's effectiveness; for example, makeup advertisements may use airbrushed photos.


title: False advertising

text: Hidden fees can be a way for companies to trick unwary consumers into paying more for a product which was advertised at a specific price to increase profits without raising the price of the product. Fine print may be used to obscure fees and surcharges in advertising. Another way to hide fees is to exclude shipping costs when listing the price of goods online, making an item look less expensive than it actually is. A number of hotels charge resort fees, which are not typically included in the advertised price of a room.


title: False advertising

text: Some products are sold with fillers, which increase the legal weight of a product with something that costs the producer very little compared to what the consumer thinks they are buying. Some food advertisements use this technique in products such as meat, which can be injected with broth or brine (up to 15 percent), or TV dinners filled with gravy (or other sauce) instead of meat. Malt and ham have been used as filler in peanut butter. Non-meat fillers may be high in carbohydrates and low in nutritional value; one example is cereal binder, which usually contains flours and oatmeal. Some products may come in a large container which is mostly empty, leading a consumer to believe that the total amount of food is greater than it is.


title: False advertising

text: Another form of deceptive advertising falsifies the quality or origin of a product. If an advertiser shows a product with a certain quality but knows the product has defects or is not of the same quality, they are falsely advertising the product. Producers may misrepresent where a product is manufactured, saying (for example) that it was produced in the United States when it was produced in another country.


title: False advertising

text: The labels "diet," "low fat," "sugar-free," "healthy" and "good for you" are often associated with products which claim to improve health. Advertisers, aware of consumer desire to live healthier and longer, describe their products accordingly. Food advertising influences consumer preferences and shopping habits. Highlighting certain ingredients may mislead consumers into thinking they are buying healthy products when, in fact, they are not. Dannon's Activia yogurt was advertised as scientifically proven to boost the immune system, and was sold at a much higher price. The company was ordered to pay $45 million in damages to consumers after a lawsuit.


title: False advertising

text: Many US advertisements for dietary supplements include the disclaimer, "This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease", since products intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease must undergo FDA testing and approval.


title: False advertising

text: Companies use a number of advertising techniques to assert that their products are the best available. One of the most common marketing tactics is comparative advertising, where "the advertised brand is explicitly compared with one or more competing brands and the comparison is obvious to the audience." Laws about comparative advertising have changed in the United States; perhaps the most drastic change occurred with the 1946 Lanham Act, the backbone of all cases involving false advertisement. Marketing strategies have become more aggressive, however, and the provisions of the Lanham Act became outdated.


title: False advertising

text: USCA §1125 was passed in 2012 as an addition to the Lanham Act, clarifying issues about comparative advertising. Anyone who uses words, symbols or misleading descriptions of fact in commerce which are likely to cause consumer confusion about their own product, or misrepresents the nature, characteristics or qualities of their own (or another's) product, is civilly liable. USCA §1125 addresses gaps in the Lanham Act, but is not a perfect remedy. Advertisements that present false descriptions of fact are considered deceptive, with no additional evidence required; when an advertisement makes a factual (but misleading) claim, however, evidence of confusion of an average consumer is needed.


title: False advertising

text: Puffing (or puffery) is exaggerating a product's worth with meaningless or unsubstantiated terms, language based on opinion rather than fact, or the manipulation of data. Examples include superlatives such as "greatest of all time," "best in town," and "out of this world," or a restaurant's claim that it had "the world's best-tasting food."


title: False advertising

text: Puffing is not an illegal form of false advertising, and may be seen as a humorous way to attract consumer attention. Puffing may be used as a defense against charges of deceptive advertising when it is formatted as opinion rather than fact. Omitted, or incomplete, information is characteristic of puffery.


title: False advertising

text: Terms used in advertising may be used imprecisely. Depending on the jurisdiction, "organic" food may not have a clear legal definition; "light" has been used to describe foods low in calories, sugars, carbohydrates, salt, texture, viscosity, or even light in color. Labels such as "all-natural" are frequently used, but essentially meaningless.


title: False advertising

text: Before the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, tobacco companies regularly used terms like "low tar", "light", "ultra-light" and "mild" to imply that such products had less detrimental effects on health. In 2009, the United States banned manufacturers from labeling tobacco products with these terms. When the U.S. United Egg Producers used an "Animal Care Certified" logo on egg cartons, the Better Business Bureau said that it misled consumers by implying a higher level of animal care than was actually the case.


title: False advertising

text: In 2010, Kellogg's Rice Krispies cereal claimed that it could improve a child's immunity. The company was forced to discontinue such claims. In 2015, Kellogg's advertised its Kashi products as "all natural" when they contained a number of artificial ingredients; Kellogg's paid $5 million to settle a lawsuit.


title: False advertising

text: "Better" means that one item is superior to another in some way; "best" means that it is superior to all others in some way. Advertisers often fail to specify the basis on which products are compared (such as price, size or quality) and, in the case of "better," what the product is compared to (a competitor's product, an earlier version of their product, or nothing at all). Without defining the terms "better" and "best", they become meaningless. An ad that says, "Our cold medicine is better" could be claiming that it is an improvement over taking nothing at all. Another often-seen example is "better than the leading brand", with a statistic attached; the "leading brand", however, is undefined.


title: False advertising

text: In an inconsistent comparison, an item is compared with others only in terms of favorable attributes; this conveys the false impression that it is the best of all products overall. One variant is a website which lists competitors whose price for a particular item is higher, ignoring competitors whose price is lower.


title: False advertising

text: A common example is the serving suggestion pictures on food-product boxes, which include ingredients other than those included in the package. The "serving suggestion" disclaimer is a legal requirement for an illustration including items not included in the purchase, but if a customer fails to notice (or understand) the caption they may assume that all depicted items are included.


title: False advertising

text: Some advertised photos of hamburgers convey the impression that the food is larger than it really is, and foods are "styled" to appear unrealistically appetizing. Products sold unassembled or unfinished may have a picture of the finished product, without a picture of what the customer is actually buying. Video-game commercials may include what are essentially short CGI films, with considerably better graphics than the actual game.


title: False advertising

text: Consumers may buy an item based on the color they saw in an advertisement. When used to make people think food is riper, fresher, healthier, or otherwise more desirable than it really is, food coloring may be deceptive. When combined with added sugar or corn syrup, bright colors convey a subconscious impression of healthy, ripe fruit, full of antioxidants and phytochemicals.


title: False advertising

text: One variation is packaging which obscures the color of the foods within, such as red mesh bags holding yellow oranges or grapefruit which then appear to be a ripe orange or red. Regularly stirring minced meat on sale at a deli can make the surface meat remain red (and appearing fresh) when it would oxidize (and brown), showing its true age if left unstirred. Some sodas are sold in colored bottles when the actual product is clear.


title: False advertising

text: Angel dusting is a process where an ingredient which would be beneficial in a certain quantity is added in an insignificant quantity, which would have no consumer benefit. The advertiser then says that the product contains that ingredient, misleading a consumer into expecting that they will experience the benefit. A cereal may claim that it contains "12 essential vitamins and minerals," but the amounts of each may be only one percent (or less) of the Reference Daily Intake and provide virtually no nutritional benefit.


title: False advertising

text: A number of products are advertised with some form of the statement "chemical free" or "no chemicals." Because everything on Earth is made up of chemicals except for a few elementary particles formed by radioactive decay or present in minute quantities from solar wind and sunlight, a chemical-free product is impossible. The label can indicate that a product contains no synthetic or exceptionally-harmful chemicals but, because the word "chemical" carries a stigma, it is often used without clarification.


title: False advertising

text: Bait-and-switch is a deceptive marketing tactic generally used to lure customers into a store. A company will advertise a product in an attractive way (the bait). The product is not available for some reason, however, and the company will try to sell something more expensive than what was originally advertised (the switch). Although only a small percentage of shoppers will buy the more expensive product, an advertiser may still profit.


title: False advertising

text: Bait advertising is also used in other contexts; in an online job advertisement, a potential candidate may be deceived about working conditions, pay, or other variables. An airline may "bait" a potential client with a bargain before raising the price or redirecting them to a more expensive flight.


title: False advertising

text: If a company does not say what it will do if a product fails to meet expectations, it is generally free to do little or nothing. This is due to a legal technicality which states that a contract cannot be enforced unless it provides a basis for determining a breach and for providing a remedy for a breach. Fraud in crowdfunding communities such as Indiegogo and Kickstarter can be difficult to prosecute.


title: False advertising

text: Advertisers can falsely claim that there is no risk in trying their product. They may charge a customer's credit card for a product, offering a full refund if not satisfied. However, the customer may not receive the product; they may be billed for things they did not want; they may be unable to call the company to authorize a return; they may not be refunded an item's shipping and handling costs, or they may have to pay for return shipping.


title: False advertising

text: This refers to a contract (or agreement) in which a customer's lack of response is interpreted as a response in favor of the business; for example, a customer must opt-out of a particular feature (or service) or be charged for it. Subscriptions which automatically renew unless canceled may also constitute acceptance by default.


title: False advertising

text: Mirror neurons are found in several sections of the human brain. They are responsible for mirroring a behavior (or movement) seen in others. In marketing, mirror neurons have been used to stimulate consumers to do what those in advertisements do.


title: False advertising

text: In subliminal advertising, products (or ideas) are advertised to consumers without their knowledge. Its purpose is to induce a consumer to buy an advertised item while they are unaware that they are being influenced into making a purchase. This form of advertising exploits a consumer's sub-limenal state.


title: False advertising

text: The United States federal government regulates advertising through the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) with truth-in-advertising laws and enables private litigation through a number of laws, most significantly the Lanham Act (trademark and unfair competition).


title: False advertising

text: The goal is prevention rather than punishment, reflecting the difference between civil and criminal law. A typical remedy is ordering an advertiser to stop its illegal acts, or to include disclosure of additional information which eliminates potentially-deceptive material. Corrective advertising may be mandated, but no fines or prison time is imposed except for the rare instances where an advertiser refuses to stop despite an order to do so.


title: False advertising

text: In 1905, Samuel Hopkins Adams released a series of articles detailing misleading claims by the patent medicine industry. The public outcry resulting from the articles led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration the following year.


title: False advertising

text: In 1941, the Supreme Court reviewed "Federal Trade Commission v. Bunte Bros, Inc." under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 with regard to "unfair or deceptive acts or practices". The court reviewed three false-advertising cases in 2013 and 2014: "Static Control v. Lexmark" (concerning who may sue under the Lanham Act), "ONY, Inc. v. Cornerstone Therapeutics, Inc." and "POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co."


title: False advertising

text: State governments have a number of unfair-competition laws which regulate false advertising, trademarks, and related issues. Many are similar to those of the FTC, and may be copied so closely that they are known as "little FTC acts." According to the National Consumer Law Center, the lawsknown as "unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts and practices laws" (UDAAP or UDAP laws)vary widely in the protection they offer consumers. In California, one such statute is the Unfair Competition Law (UCL). The UCL "borrows heavily from section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act", and has developed a body of case law.


title: False advertising

text: Civil penalties may range from thousands to millions of dollars, and advertisers are sometimes ordered to provide all customers who purchased the product with a partial (or full) refund. Corrective advertising, disclosures, and other informational remedies may also be ordered. Advertisers may have to warn buyers of false statements in advertisements, make clear disclosures in future advertisements, or provide customers with other information to correct misinformation in an original ad.


title: False advertising

text: Advertising in the UK is regulated under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (CPR), the "de facto" successor of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968. It is designed to implement the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, part of a common set of European minimum standards for consumer protection which legally bind advertisers in England, Scotland, Wales, and parts of Ireland. The regulations, which focus on business-to-consumer (B2C) interactions, are modeled with a table meant to assess unfairness. Evaluations are made against four tests in the regulations which indicate deceptive advertising:


title: False advertising

text: These elements of deceptive advertising may impair a consumer's ability to make an informed decision, limiting their freedom of choice. The system resembles FTC regulation of behavioral advertising in prohibiting false and deceptive messaging, unfair and unethical commercial practices, and omitting important information; it differs in monitoring aggressive sales practices (regulation seven), which include high-pressure practices which go beyond persuasion. Harassment and coercion are not defined but rather interpreted as any undue physical and psychological pressure (in advertising). Each case is analyzed individually, allowing the authority to promote compliance with its enforcement policies, priorities, and available resources.


title: False advertising

text: The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (also known as the ACCC) is responsible for ensuring that all businesses and consumers act in accordance with the Australian Competition & Consumer Act 2010 and fair-trade and consumer-protection laws (ACCC, 2016). Each state and territory has its own consumer-protection or consumer-affairs agency:


title: False advertising

text: The ACCC is designed to assist consumers, businesses, industries, and infrastructure nationwide. It assists the consumer by making available the rights, regulations, obligations, and procedures for refunds and returns, complaints, faulty products, and guarantees of products and services. They also develop laws and guidelines in relation to unfair practices and misleading or deceptive conduct.


title: False advertising

text: There are many similarities in the laws and regulation between the Australian ACCC, New Zealand's FTA, the U.S. FTC, and the United Kingdom's CPR. The goals of these policies are to support fair trade and competition and to reduce deceptive and false practices in advertising. A number of countries have agreements with the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN).


title: False advertising

text: The Fair Trading Act 1986 aims to promote fair competition and trading in New Zealand. The act prohibits certain conduct in trade, provides for the disclosure of information available to the consumer relating to the supply of goods and services, and regulates product safety. Although it does not require businesses to provide all information to consumers in every circumstance, businesses are obliged to ensure that the information they provide is accurate and important information is not withheld from consumers.


title: False advertising

text: A number of sales practices intended to mislead consumers are illegal under the Fair Trading Act. The act also applies to certain activities whether or not the parties are "in trade," such as employment advertising, pyramid selling, and supplying products covered by product-safety and consumer-information standards.


title: False advertising

text: Consumers and businesses can rely on and take legal action under the act. Consumers may contact the trader and assert rights stated in the act. If the issues are not resolved, the consumer (or anyone else) can take legal action under the act. The Commerce Commission is also empowered to take enforcement action when allegations are sufficiently serious to meet its criteria.


title: False advertising

text: The voluntary Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) was established in 1985 to evaluate the truth and fairness of advertisements. The ASCI also aims to ensure that ads are respectful to widely-accepted public decency principles. It has a number of codes, including the Press Council Act of 1978, the News Broadcasters Association's Code of Conduct, the Young Persons Act of 1956, the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940, and the Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006. Surrogate advertising a major misleading advertising tactic in India. Many companies use this idea to advertise Betting, Gambling, online fantacy gaming and casino apps.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: Khadim Hussain Rizvi (; 22 May 1966 – 19 November 2020) was a Pakistani Islamic author and the founder of Tehreek-e-Labbaik, a political-religious organization founded in 2015, known to protest against any change to Pakistan's blasphemy law.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: Fluent in Urdu, Punjabi, Arabic and Persian, he was known for his speeches in the defense of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, and apart from the Quran and hadith, for heavily quoting the poetry of Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi and Muhammad Iqbal, whom he considered to be his main influences.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: Khadim Hussain Rizvi was born in 1966, into a Punjabi Awan family in Pindi Gheb, Attock District, Punjab. His brother, Ameer Hussain, is a retired Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO) from Pakistan Army.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: He delivered Friday sermons at Lahore's Pir Makki Masjid while in the Punjab Auqaf and Religious Affairs Department. He has been a wheelchair user since 2009 ever since an accident near Gujranwala as the driver of his vehicle fell asleep while driving from Rawalpindi to Lahore.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: In 2017, he founded a political party called Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP), a political front for Tehreek Labbaik Ya Rasool Allah (TLYP). TLP came into existence after the hanging of Mumtaz Qadri, who assassinated Salmaan Taseer, the Governor of Punjab, for opposing the blasphemy laws and subsequently rose to fame. During the assassination of the Governor, Rizvi was serving as an auqaf official in the Punjab government. Rizvi had justified the assassination on the pretext that Taseer had termed the blasphemy law as a "black law". He was served warning notices to cease and desist from spreading his views in favour of blasphemy laws but his refusal to do so led to his removal from public service.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: After his removal, Rizvi had more opportunity to preach his views. He travelled across the country to build support for Section 295-C of the Pakistan Penal Code, which deals with blasphemy committed against Muhammad. He also spoke out for the release of Mumtaz Qadri; his persistent advocacy earned him the nickname of "blasphemy activist" in religious circles. Rizvi was criticized for being preoccupied with blasphemy accusations while ignoring alleged sexual abuse in Pakistani madrassas.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: On 6 November 2017, Rizvi organized a long march from Lahore to Islamabad to press for the resignation of the Law Minister Mr. Zahid Hamid who belongs to PML(N) regarding an alleged ill-motive change and favouring Ahmadis, in bill of "2017 Election of Pakistan". Rizvi soon began receiving support from public, other religious political parties and other segments of society, making way for mushroom growth of protests nationwide. The general public took the same demand of resignation of the Law Minister to the streets. Thereafter, total shutdown began, and the government ultimately responded with a forced shutdown of all news channels, followed by blocking social media networks, to contain the situation and the flow of information. This created mayhem and confusion in the cities of Karachi, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore along with some others in Punjab. Finally, by late evening the army chief intervened and asked "both sides" to show restraint.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: On 31 October 2018, after eight years of detention and conviction by all the lower courts, a Pakistani Christian woman, Asia Bibi, who was accused of blasphemy, was found innocent in a landmark Supreme Court verdict. The final judgment said that one of Bibi's accusers violated the Ashtiname of Muhammad, a "covenant made by Prophet Muhammad with Christians in the seventh century but still valid today". Justice Asif Saeed Khosa ruled that the two women who made accusations against Asia Bibi "had no regard for the truth" and that the claim that she blasphemed Muhammad in public was a "concoction incarnate". The Supreme Court of Pakistan's ruling cited "material contradictions and inconsistent statements of the witnesses" that "cast a shadow of doubt on the prosecution's version of facts."


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: This prompted the TLP, under the leadership of Rizvi to initiate demonstrations in Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Multan. Clashes with police were reported. A leader of TLP, Muhammad Afzal Qadri, said all three Supreme Court judges "deserve to be killed". The Red Zone in the capital, Islamabad, where the Supreme Court is located, was sealed off by the police. In public speeches, Rizvi demanded that Asia should be subjected to the punishment for blasphemy under Pakistan's penal code. He was quoted as saying, "Our sit-in will go on until the government accepts our demand" denying reports that the sit-in would soon be over. He would later be arrested on 23 November 2018 along with other TLP leaders and then subsequently released on bail in May 2019


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: In March 2019, a third year student at Bahawalpur's Government Sadiq Egerton College, Khateeb Hussain, stabbed associate professor Khalid Hameed in a fatal encounter. Khateeb Hussain was in contact with Zafar Gillani, a lawyer and senior member of the TLP prior to the murder, and obtained approval for the act over Tinder. The supposed motive for the killing was blasphemous and insulting rhetoric towards Islam.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: In 2018, Sareer Ahmed, the principal of Islamia College in Charsadda, was murdered by a 17-year-old student whom he had reprimanded for missing a number of classes. The student accused the professor of engaging in "blasphemy" for reprimanding him for skipping class to attend rallies held by the TLP.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: In 2020, Rizvi promoted protests on the release of the Pakistani film "Zindagi Tamasha". He accused film-maker Sarmad Khoosat of blasphemy. The material he alleged to be blasphemous includes criticism of ulama and an alleged reference to bacha bazi. Pakistani author Mohammed Hanif, who had seen both the censored and uncensored versions of the film, denied that any criticism of ulama was contained in the movie.


title: Khadim Hussain Rizvi

text: On 19 November 2020, Rizvi was taken to the Farooq Hospital in Allama Iqbal Town area of Lahore after collapsing. Upon reaching the hospital, he was pronounced dead on arrival. He was later taken to Shaikh Zayed Hospital, where he was declared dead at 8:48 pm. He had been ill for a few days and had been a wheelchair user for some time. Rizvi's son Saad Hussain Rizvi said that his father had started breathing again for five minutes after being declared dead, but stopped breathing again and finally died. The funeral prayers were held at the Minar-e-Pakistan in Lahore and were led by Saad. Rizvi was later buried inside Madrassah Abuzar Ghaffari, associated with Rehmatul Lil Alameen mosque. A local official estimated that nearly 200,000 people attended the event. Rizvi was suffering from fever and breathing problems before his death, but no COVID-19 or autopsy tests were conducted. Saad was appointed as the new ameer of TLP on 21 November.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: Darksiders Genesis is a top-down hack and slash action role-playing video game developed by American studio Airship Syndicate and published by THQ Nordic. The game was released for Stadia and Microsoft Windows on 5 December 2019, and was released on the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 14 February 2020. It is considered a spin-off prequel game in the "Darksiders" series and introduces the fourth Horseman of the Apocalypse, Strife, as the protagonist. Strife can also team up with his brother, War. Upon release, the game received positive reviews, with many reviewers praising the combat.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: After the Four Horsemen have attacked and decimated the Nephilim in Eden, they are summoned by the Charred Council. The Council suspects that the demon king Lucifer is planning something with Samael to upset the Balance and orders War and Strife to investigate. After invading Samael's keep, they find it under attack from another Master of Hell, albeit a lesser one: Moloch. Samael informs them that he is not in league with Lucifer and the current attack on him is the result of that. Before he can say anything else, Moloch attacks and Samael teleports the Horsemen to the Void to find and talk to his associate.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: The Horsemen travel through the Void and find Vulgrim to be the associate Samael spoke of. Vulgrim informs them he can help track down Lucifer but he needs several artifacts. After collecting the required artifacts Vulgrim informs them that Lucifer has paid a visit to Mammon, another Master of Hell. Samael arrives at this point and suggests that the Horsemen find Mammon and make him talk about Lucifer. They find Mammon with several relics and weapons from Eden. After killing him, the Horsemen return to Vulgrim and Samael where they learn that Lucifer has opened a path to Eden, bringing its sacred water and turning it into poison. The demon Belial is in charge of this operation. After stopping the operation, they confront and defeat Belial but spare him. But after the Horsemen leave, Lucifer arrives and punishes him.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: The Horsemen learn that Dagon, the Drowned King is also helping Lucifer as Lucifer has offered Eden to him. Meanwhile, they meet Abaddon, the guardian angel of Eden. He informs them that Lucifer is spreading corruption and asks them to help him cleanse Eden. Afterwards, the Horsemen track down and kill Dagon. They return to the Void and Samael advises them to destroy the source of Moloch's power before they attack him. They do so and together with Samael, they attack and kill Moloch. However, before his death, Moloch tells them that Lucifer's plan is complete and Samael knows about it.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: After returning to the Void, Samael tells the Horsemen that Lucifer had asked for the souls of the Masters of Hell after their death in exchange for their services. Samael also tells them that Lilith is plotting with Lucifer as well and together they have made an artifact called the "Animus" which is fueled by the souls of the Masters of Heaven and Hell who had accepted Lucifer's offer. This artifact is used on Earth to corrupt mankind, turning them into the volatile and self-destructive species they grow to become later on. The Horsemen go to Earth to find mankind living in sin and realize that they have helped Lucifer achieve his goal. Lucifer talks to them through a human child and tells the Horsemen that the corruption of humankind is spreading and cannot be stopped.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: Afterwards, they return to the Charred Council who declares that humankind needs to be watched as a Third Kingdom. They then forge the Seven Seals as a treaty to uphold the balance between Heaven and Hell: three of them coming from the demonic planes and three more coming from the angelic keeps and one from the Council itself. They declare whoever breaks the treaty shall suffer the wrath of the Horsemen, setting the stage for the future games.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: Played from a top-down perspective, the game allows players to switch between Strife and War at any time. Strife uses his pistols, Mercy and Redemption while War uses his sword, Chaos Eater. Alternatively, two players can play the game in a co-op mode with each player taking the role of one of the characters. Once the player has killed enough enemies, they are allowed to use burst abilities which allow them to take down enemies quicker. The game currency is souls which can be earned by killing enemies that will spawn before the player. Platforming elements similar to previous games make a return and certain gameplay mechanics such as bombs are present too.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: The game was revealed by publisher THQ Nordic in the run-up to E3 2019 at 6 June. Unlike "Darksiders III", "Genesis" is developed by Airship Syndicate, who previously developed "". This studio consists of developers of the defunct Vigil Games, who developed the first two "Darksiders" titles. "Genesis" is a spin-off title, whereas unlike its main series games, it takes on a top-down perspective and is more of a looter game, compared to games like "Diablo".


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: "Darksiders Genesis" received generally positive reviews. Aggregating review website Metacritic gave the PC version 77/100, the PlayStation 4 version 78/100 and the Xbox One version 77/100.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: "IGN" gave it a score of 8.7 out of 10, stating that ""Darksiders Genesis" may lack the polish and flair of its numbered brethren, but make no mistake: this is still a "Darksiders" game, and it's one of the best. There's a really strong balance of great combat, clever puzzles, rich exploration, and excellent progression mechanics that keep its momentum going strong through its entire 15-hour run time". Furthermore, Cian Maher of "GameSpot" gave the game 7 out of 10, praising the combat, art and writing, while criticizing the overhead camera.


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: Writing for "Game Informer", Ben Reeves gave the game 6.5 out of 10, praising the combat and puzzles but mentioning the story and offbeat design as negative aspects. Mike Epstein of "GamesRadar+" also commended the combat, while criticizing collision bugs as well as the story. Luke Kemp of "PC Gamer" gave the game 87/100 and praised the grinding elements as well as the combat. Writing for "Nintendo Life", PJ O'Reilly gave the Nintendo Switch version of the game a positive review, scoring it a 7/10. In the review, O'Reilly praises the fighting, unlockable skills and the "satisfying mixture of combat, puzzling and light platforming", although giving similar criticism as previous reviewers. Conversely, "Polygon" Laura Dale gave the game a mixed review, praising the boss fights but was critical towards the puzzles and the "constant combat".


title: Darksiders Genesis

text: According to Lars Wingefors, CEO of the Embracer Group, the parent company of publisher THQ Nordic, "Darksiders Genesis" sold well at launch and is as of 2020 still selling well. Wingefors also said that the sales of the game exceeded the publisher's expectations.


title: NBA All-Rookie Team

text: The NBA All-Rookie Team is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) honor given since the 1962–63 NBA season to the top rookies during the regular season. Voting is conducted by the NBA head coaches who are not allowed to vote for players on their own team. The All-Rookie Team is generally composed of two five-man lineups: a first team and a second team. The players each receive two points for each first team vote and one point for each second team vote. The top five players with the highest point total make the first team, with the next five making the second team. In the case of a tie at the fifth position of either team, the roster is expanded. If the first team consists of six players due to a tie, the second team will still consist of five players with the potential for more expansion in the event of additional ties. Ties have occurred several times, most recently in 2012, when Kawhi Leonard, Iman Shumpert, and Brandon Knight tied in votes received. No respect is given to positions. For example, the first team had four forwards, and one guard in 2008, while the first team had four centers (two of which were forward-centers) and one guard in 2016.


title: NBA All-Rookie Team

text: The Chicago Bulls hold the record for franchise with the most All-Rookie Team selections, with 25. The New York Knicks are second, with the franchise having 22 players selected. Nine All-Rookie Team members have won both the Rookie of the Year Award and the Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) during their careers. Wilt Chamberlain and Wes Unseld are the only players to accomplish this feat in the same season. As of the end of the , 29 members of the All-Rookie Team have been elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, 32 members were not born in the United States and 120 members are active in the NBA.


title: Oizys

text: In Greek mythology, Oizys (; ) is the goddess of misery, anxiety, grief, depression, and misfortune. Her Roman name is Miseria, from which the English word "misery" is derived. Oizys is a minor goddess without a great cult following, but a primordial goddess of misery and depression with a certain amount of mythological weight nonetheless.


title: Oizys

text: Oizys was the daughter of the primordial gods Nyx, the goddess of night, and Erebus, the god of deep darkness; her twin is Momus, the god of satire and mockery. She is also the younger sister of the Greek personification of the day, Hemera.


title: Oizys

text: Oizys was deeply ostracized and rejected by her family except her sister, Euphrosyne. This led her to becoming a resentful and hateful being, taking her frustrations and hatred out on Mortals and on one occasion, harmed her brother Hypnos while he slept, leaving him scarred.


title: Oizys

text: And Nyx (Night) bore hateful Moros (Doom) and black Ker (Violent Death) and Thanatos (Death), and she bore Hypnos (Sleep) and the tribe of Oneiroi (Dreams). And again the goddess murky Night, though she lay with none, bare Momos (Blame) and painful Oizys (Misery) and the Hesperides who guard the rich, golden apples and the trees bearing fruit beyond glorious Ocean. Also she bore the Moirai (Destinies) and ruthless avenging Keres (Death Fates), Clotho and Lachesis and Atropos, who give men at their birth both evil and good to have, and they pursue the transgressions of men and of gods: and these goddesses never cease from their dread anger until they punish the sinner with a sore penalty. Also deadly Night bore Nemesis (Indignation) to afflict mortal men, and after her, Apate (Deceit) and Philotes (Friendship) and hateful Geras (Age) and hard-hearted Eris (Strife).


title: Oizys

text: From Nox/ Nyx (Night) and Erebus [were born]: Fatum/ Moros (Fate), Senectus/ Geras (Old Age), Mors/ Thanatos (Death), Letum (Dissolution), Continentia (Moderation), Somnus/ Hypnos (Sleep), Somnia/ Oneiroi (Dreams), Amor (Love)—that is Lysimeles, Epiphron (Prudence), Porphyrion, Epaphus, Discordia/ Eris (Discord), Miseria/ Oizys (Misery), Petulantia/ Hybris (Wantonness), Nemesis (Envy), Euphrosyne (Good Cheer), Amicitia/ Philotes (Friendship), Misericordia/ Eleos (Compassion), Styx (Hatred); the three Parcae/ Moirai (Fates), namely Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos; the Hesperides.


title: Oizys

text: Their [Aether and Hemera's] brothers and sisters, whom the ancient genealogists name Amor/ Eros (Love), Dolus (Guile), Metus/ Deimos (Fear), Labor/ Ponus (Toil), Invidentia/ Nemesis (Envy), Fatum/ Moros (Fate), S Age), Mors/ Thanatos (Death), Tenebrae/ Keres (Darkness), Miseria/ Oizys (Misery), Querella/ Momus (Complaint), Gratia/ Philotes (Favour), Fraus/ Apate (Fraud), Pertinacia (Obstinacy), the Parcae/ Moirai (Fates), the Hesperides, the Somnia/ Oneiroi (Dreams): all of these are fabled to be the children of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox/ Nyx (Night).


title: Skate 3

text: Skate 3 is a skateboarding video game, the third installment in the "Skate" series and the sequel to 2009's "Skate 2", developed by EA Black Box and published by Electronic Arts. It was released worldwide in May 2010 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The game takes place in the fictional city of Port Carverton, which embraces skateboarding, unlike considering it a crime in the second game. The player character goes by the alias "The Legend". After failing to ""Jump The Shark"", their goal becomes creating a successful skateboarding team. It is the player's goal to sell one million boards by completing challenges. The game introduced some new features including new tricks, a park builder, and "Easy" and "Hardcore" modes instead of just "Normal" mode.


title: Skate 3

text: The game received generally favorable reviews from critics. In 2014, the game's popularity increased because of Let's Play channels on YouTube, showcasing the game's humorous ragdoll physics and glitches.


title: Skate 3

text: "Skate 3" is a skateboarding extreme sports game set in an open world place and played from a third-person perspective. The game takes place in the fictional city of Port Carverton, which embraces skateboarding, unlike the "skateboarding is a crime" mentality portrayed in the second game. Although the location is a more colorful and friendlier place than "Skate 2"s de-saturated, and grainy streets, the gameplay provides a similar feel to the first and second games. Port Carverton is made up of three districts, Downtown, the University, and Industrial. Although the overall look of the city is very clean (except industrial) each district has its own unique designs and monuments. Downtown is full of slick rigid ledges and rails, while the University is full of banks and open areas. Industrial is the most unusual; it is home to a huge quarry that has bricks of stone.


title: Skate 3

text: Several notable skateboarding professionals appear throughout the game, such as Danny Way, Darren Navarette, Terry Kennedy, Eric Koston, Chris Cole, Pat Duffy, Rob Dyrdek and Jason Lee who voices the character Coach Frank.


title: Skate 3

text: In contrast with the original "Skate", two new difficulty levels have been added: "Easy" and "Hardcore" modes. "Easy Mode" allows the player to perform tricks easier and provides greater control of the character. "Hardcore Mode" attempts a more realistic simulation of skateboarding and requires the player to perform tricks precisely. It adds a more realistic feel to the game unlike easy. It would also be recommended for players who have more experience. The game also features an introductory "Skate School", where Coach Frank (Jason Lee) teaches players the basics of skateboarding. This feature is optional and the area can also be visited for unrestricted skateboarding.


title: Skate 3

text: "Skate 3" features a "Skate.Park" mode that allows players to build custom skate parks and object dropper.


title: Skate 3

text: EA introduced three new online game modes: "1-Up", "Domination", and "Own The Lot". In "1-Up", players compete in turns to beat the other team's last score in a given time period. In "Domination", teams compete to gain the most points on set spots in an area within a time


title: Skate 3

text: limit. In "Own The Lot", two or more players try to complete tasks before their time limit ends. Returning modes include "S.K.A.T.E" and "Hall of Meat".


title: Skate 3

text: Unlike the previous "Skate" games, "Skate 3" has no offline multiplayer game modes on the disc. Players must purchase the "San Van Party Pack" downloadable content in order to access the offline "Party Play" mode.


title: Skate 3

text: Some time after "Skate 2", the player character has proven that they are one of the best, and now goes by the alias "The Legend". They are attending the Port Carverton University. After a failed attempt to ""Jump The Shark"", a Thrasher challenge at the stadium, their next goal in life is to be a skateboarding mogul by making a team composed of skaters like them. Their goal is selling over a million boards while doing the same odd jobs around Port Carverton. When one million boards are sold, players are able to wear new styles of clothing for their skater and the plot ends there.


title: Skate 3

text: In the developer's diary, it was revealed that characters such as Joey Brezinski, Dan Drehobl, Benny Fairfax, Josh Kalis, Lizard King, Andrew Reynolds, Chris Haslam, Terry Kennedy, Chris Cole, Jason Dill, and Rob Dyrdek are featured in the game. New tricks were introduced, like the darkslide, underflip, and dropping into a ramp or bowl.


title: Skate 3

text: The soundtrack contains 46 licensed tracks and was composed by John King of The Dust Brothers, Mark Mothersbaugh of Devo, and Del the Funky Homosapien. King composed the original score for the game. According to Mutato Muzika's website, Mothersbaugh and Del the Funky Homosapien were involved with "Skate 3"s soundtrack, with each composer providing music for a different area in Port Carverton. When on "Interactive Mode", the list of the songs on the "Music Player" start to play as the player is in a challenge. When the player quits the challenge, the music stops. Once the skater has traveled far enough from the spot at which they just played in Career mode, the instrumental songs start to play again. The game also features music by composer Dan Diaz, who continues his work with the franchise after writing for "Skate 2" and "Skate It".


title: Skate 3

text: "Skate 3" received "generally favorable reviews" from critics on both platforms according to the review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, "Famitsu" gave both console versions each a score of three sevens and one eight for a total of 29 out of 40.


title: Skate 3

text: "The A.V. Club" gave the Xbox 360 version a B+. 411Mania gave the same console version a score of eight out of ten. "The Daily Telegraph" gave the same console version eight out of ten, but noted its difficult mechanics for mastering the game. "Wired" similarly gave it eight stars out of ten, praising control scheme, realistic setting and wide range of multiplayer options. "The Escapist" gave the same console version four stars out of five, also considering the game accessible for newcomers. "Edge" gave the PS3 version seven out of ten, being more critical of game similar to its predecessor.


title: Skate 3

text: EA shut down the game's servers around the end of 2016. However, just prior to the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2018 in June and in late 2019 after Electronic Entertainment Expo 2019, EA reactivated the servers, leading to speculation of either a remaster of "Skate 3" or a new title in the "Skate" series.


title: Skate 3

text: The game has become a popular staple of Let's Play YouTube channels like PewDiePie, due to its humorous ragdoll physics and glitches resulting in the game being a high-selling game as late as 2014, requiring EA to issue a reprinting of the title. The game was also one of the most requested titles to be added to the Xbox One backwards compatibility feature, and was made backwards compatible on November 10, 2016.


title: Skate 3

text: At the June 2020 EA Play event, a new "Skate" title was confirmed to be in development, commonly known by fans as "Skate 4". This was later revealed to be a reboot of sorts, simply titled "skate." After some time, a handful of trailers were sporadically released, one of which confirming that the game was going to be playable on PC. A playtest began in July 2022. Modders were able to create an online version of a pre-alpha build of the game, titling it "Skate. Online", giving players not accepted into the playtest a taste of what could be the next "Skate" game.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: In US politics, Republican In Name Only is a pejorative used to describe politicians of the Republican Party deemed insufficiently loyal to the party, or misaligned with the party's ideology. Similar terms have been used since the early 1900s. The acronym RINO became popular in the 1990s. Former President Donald Trump uses it to describe his critics in the Republican Party.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt, then-President William Howard Taft, and Senator Robert M. La Follette fought for ideological control of the Republican Party and each denounced the other two as "not really Republican." The phrase "Republican in name only" emerged as a popular political pejorative in the 1920s, 1950s, and 1980s.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: The earliest known print appearance of the term "RINO" was in the Manchester, New Hampshire newspaper then called "The Union Leader". It was invented so that it is abbreviated to "RINO", and pronounced to sound like "rhino".


title: Republican in Name Only

text: Buttons featuring the red slash through an image of a rhinoceros were spotted in the New Hampshire State House as early as 1992. In 1993, future California Republican Assembly President Celeste Greig distributed buttons featuring a red slash over the word "RINO" to express opposition to Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan. The term came into widespread usage during subsequent election cycles.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: During Republican primary campaign season, some conservative organizations target "RINO "Republicans who fail to adopt their stances. National Federation of Republican Assemblies started the "RINO Hunters' Club", whom they believe to be too moderate on such issues as taxes, gun rights, and abortion. The fiscally conservative 501(c)4 organization Club for Growth invented the "RINO Watch" list to monitor "Republican office holders around the nation who have advanced egregious anti-growth, anti-freedom or anti-free market policies"; other conservative groups published similar lists.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: Donald Trump has frequently used the term to describe his critics within the Republican Party. During the 2020 presidential election in the United States, Donald Trump used the term to refer to Georgia governor, Brian Kemp, and Georgia Secretary of State, Brad Raffensperger, due to their refusal to challenge the election results in Georgia during the attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. He also used the term to refer to Maryland governor Larry Hogan in a tweet, as well as House and Senate Republicans who either voted to impeach and convict him during his second impeachment following the January 6 United States Capitol attack or who voted for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill supported by President Joe Biden. Recently, the term has been used to describe Republican critics of former President Donald Trump, with Trump himself tweeting that Congressional Republicans who recognized Joe Biden as the winner of the 2020 US Presidential election are RINOs. Some Republicans critical of Trump occasionally used the epithet to describe Trump himself.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: After former Secretary of State Colin Powell died in 2021, Trump described him as a "classic RINO".<ref name="Garrison_10/18/2021"></ref>


title: Republican in Name Only

text: The concept of being an inauthentic member of the Republican Party by not representing its more conservative faction is a recurring theme in Party history.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: In the 1930s and 1940s, the term "Me-too Republicans" described those running on a platform of agreeing with the Democratic Party, proclaiming only minor or moderating philosophical differences. An example is two-time presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey, who ran against the popular Franklin D. Roosevelt and his successor Harry Truman. Dewey did not oppose Roosevelt's New Deal programs altogether, but merely campaigned on the promise that Republicans would run them more efficiently and less corruptly.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: From 1936 to 1976, the more centrist members of the Republican Party frequently won the national nomination with candidates such as Alf Landon, Wendell Willkie, Thomas E. Dewey, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford. The mainstream of the Republican Party was generally supportive of the New Deal. In the 1950s, conservatives such as Robert A. Taft and Barry Goldwater, who rallied against "me-too Republicans", were considered outside of the mainstream; serious consideration was given to leaving the then GOP and forming a new ultra-conservative party in coalition with the "states' rights" Democrats of the South.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: In the 1960s and 1970s, Republicans considered liberal on domestic policy but hawkish on foreign policy were sometimes called "Nixonian", or "Rockefeller Republicans". The term "Nixonian" took on other meanings after the Watergate scandal.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: In the 1980s, the term "gypsy moth Republican" described Republicans from the Northeast and Midwest who voted against the Ronald Reagan administration's proposed cuts in aid to economically distressed people, contrasting with boll weevil Democrats, who voted for these cuts. The gypsy moth is an invasive species destructive to trees in the Northeastern United States.


title: Republican in Name Only

text: In 2015 the term "cuckservative", a portmanteau of "cuckold" and "conservative", was popularized on the online forum 4chan, and embraced by both internet trolls and the nativist alt-right. The metaphorical "" is represented in a genre of interracial pornography as a masochistic white husband who allows his wife to have sex with a stronger black man, thereby participating in his own symbolic emasculation. In white supremacist vernacular the term is an accusation of yielding to non-white interests on issues such as immigration or modern display of the Confederate flag; however, the term gained use (with some controversy) by more mainstream conservatives to denounce Republicans whose compromises included vote trading, rhetorical restraint in deference to donors, cooperation with Democrats on any particular initiative, or attempting to court voters by making appeals to supposedly liberal ideals.


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: Canaan ( – "Kənáʿan", in pausa – "Kənā́ʿan"), according to the "Book of Genesis" in the Hebrew Bible, was a son of Ham and grandson of Noah, as well as the father of the Canaanites.


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: The English term "Canaan" (pronounced since c. AD 1500, due to the Great Vowel Shift) comes from the Hebrew ("knʿn"), via Greek "Khanaan" and Latin . It appears as in the Amarna letters (14th century BC), and is found on coins from Phoenicia in the last half of the 1st millennium. It first occurs in Greek in the writings of Hecataeus as "Khna"(Χνᾶ). Scholars connect the name "Canaan" with , "Kana'an", the general Northwest Semitic name for this region.


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: The etymology is uncertain. One explanation is that it has an original meaning of "lowlands", from a Semitic root "to be low, humble, depressed", in contrast with Aram, "highlands". An alternative suggestion derives the term from Hurrian "Kinahhu", purportedly referring to the colour purple, so that "Canaan" and "Phoenicia" would be synonyms ("Land of Purple"), but it is just as common to assume that "Kinahhu" was simply the Hurrian rendition of the Semitic .


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: According to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 (verses 15–19), Canaan was the ancestor of the tribes who originally occupied the ancient Land of Canaan: all the territory from Sidon or Hamath in the north to Gaza in the southwest and Lasha in the southeast. This territory, known as the Levant, is roughly the areas of modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, western Jordan, and western Syria. Canaan's firstborn son was Sidon, who shares his name with the Phoenician city of Sidon in present-day Lebanon. His second son was Heth. Canaan's descendants, according to the Hebrew Bible, include:


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: According to traditional Ethiopian histories, Canaan's son Arwadi (lit. "the Arvadite") and his wife Entela crossed from Asia into Ethiopia in 2101 BC, and the Qemant tribe were said to be descended from their son, "Anayer". There is further an Ethiopian tradition that two other Canaanite tribes, viz. the Sinites and Zemarites, also entered Ethiopia at the time it was ruled by the Kingdom of Kush, and became the Shanqella and Weyto peoples, respectively. The Qemant relate that they share their Canaanite origin with the other Agaw groups. The Omotic speaking Shinasha have a similar tradition of descent from Canaan's son Hamati Similarly, the Shinasha extend the Canaanite ancestry to neighboring ethnic groups


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: The Persian historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (c. 915) recounted a tradition that the wife of Canaan was named Arsal, a daughter of Batawil son of Tiras, and that she bore him the "Blacks, Nubians, Fezzan, Zanj, Zaghawah, and all the peoples of the Sudan." Likewise, Abd al Hakam tells that "Canaan is the father of the Sudan (Sub Saharan Africans) and the Abyssinians".


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: The German historian Johannes Aventinus (fl. c. 1525) recorded a legend that Canaan's sons "the "Arkite"" and "the "Hamathite"" first settled in the area of Greece, and gave their names to the regions of Arcadia and Emathia.


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: According to , Noah became drunk and afterward cursed Canaan. This is the "Curse of Canaan", erroneously called the "Curse of Ham" since Classical antiquity because of the interpetation that Canaan was punished for his father Ham's sins. However, there are interpetations that Canaan was the sole sinner himself. The sin in question is debated, ranging from literal voyeurism, castration or incestuous rape.


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. (Genesis 9:22)


title: Canaan (son of Ham)

text: Some modern scholars view the "curse of Canaan" in Genesis 9:20–27 as an early Hebrew rationalization for Israel's conquest of Canaan. When Noah cursed Canaan in Genesis 9:25, he used the expression "Cursed be Canaan; A servant of servants He shall be to his brethren." The expression "servant of servants", otherwise translated "slave of slaves", emphasizes the extreme degree of servitude that Canaan will experience in relation to his "brothers". In the subsequent passage, "of Shem... may Canaan be his servant," the narrator is foreshadowing Israel's conquest of the promised land. Biblical scholar Philip R. Davies explains that the author of this narrative used Noah to curse Canaan, in order to provide justification for the later Israelites driving out and enslaving the Canaanites.


title: Boozefighters

text: The Boozefighters Motorcycle Club (BFMC) began as an outlaw (i.e. not sanctioned nor chartered by the AMA) motorcycle club, founded in California after the end of World War Two. The Boozefighters are known as the "Original Wild Ones."


title: Boozefighters

text: Its founder was William Clyde "Wino Willie" Forkner Jr., who had served in the military during World War Two and had a difficult time adjusting to civilian life after the war. He had been a member of the 13 Rebels Motorcycle Club for two years prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, and his nickname "Wino Willie" had come about at age 12 because he liked to drink red wine. During the war he had risen in the ranks of the Army Air Corps and then fallen again as the result of a drunken incident in a bar. After it ended, he re-joined the 13 Rebels, but in 1946 he had his membership stripped from him by the other members after an incident at a quarter-mile race in San Diego where, bored and drunk, he drove his own motorcycle through a wooden gate onto the racetrack, around the track, and eventually lost control.


title: Boozefighters

text: Disillusioned, drunk, and angry, one evening he and three other former servicemen were drinking at the All-American Bar in Los Angeles and decided to form a new motorcycle club themselves, taking the name from a shouted suggestion from a fellow bar patron named Walt Porter who overhead their conversation to "Call it the Boozefighters." The four recruited another 16 members, all also war veterans with one exception (Jim Morrison, a teenager), and applied for AMA membership, with C. B. Clauson, former paratrooper, as the club president.


title: Boozefighters

text: Forkner later reported that the AMA president declined the application stating that "No goddam way am I giving a name like that to a charter."


title: Boozefighters

text: The club began to grow, having three chapters (in Los Angeles, San Pedro, and San Francisco), by 1947. Members of all three attended the Hollister riot that year. The L.A. chapter got drunk before it even arrived at Hollister, starting out on the Thursday before the weekend by drinking in the All-American Bar, driving to Santa Barbara, drinking there, driving to San Luis Obispo where they were too drunk to drive on that day and decided to sleep in a bus terminal, driving on the next day to King City, buying more alcohol from a liquor store, and then driving on.


title: Boozefighters

text: Wino Willie was mistakenly arrested at the riot for purportedly inciting a riot and a jailbreak of other bikers who had already been arrested, when in fact he was trying to do the opposite and talk the mob out of staging a jailbreak.


title: Boozefighters

text: When racing, Wino Willie would sport the colors of another motor cycle club, the Yellow Jackets, rather than Boozefighters colors.


title: Boozefighters

text: The movie "The Wild One", which Wino Willie initially consulted on but eventually resigned from over the way that bikers were being portrayed, boosted membership of the club during the 1950s.


title: Boozefighters

text: Club membership then shrank, as members retired or died during the 1960s, only for its numbers to swell again because of the Vietnam War as it was joined once again by ex-servicemen.


title: Boozefighters

text: By the 21st century it had grown to become an international organization, with chapters in various European countries, Canada, The Philippines, South Korea and Japan.


title: Smash (TV series)

text: Smash is an American musical drama television series created by playwright Theresa Rebeck and developed by Robert Greenblatt for NBC. Steven Spielberg served as one of the executive producers. The series was broadcast in the US by NBC and produced by DreamWorks Television and Universal Television. The series revolves around a fictional New York City theater community and specifically the creation of a new Broadway musical. It features a large ensemble cast, led by Debra Messing, Jack Davenport, Katharine McPhee, Christian Borle, Megan Hilty, and Anjelica Huston.


title: Smash (TV series)

text: The show debuted on February 6, 2012, and its first season ended on May 14, 2012. Its second season premiered on February 5, 2013, and ended on May 26, 2013. NBC announced a change in their lineup in March 2013 and moved the show to Saturdays starting April 6, 2013. The series was cancelled on May 10, 2013. Second-season executive producer-show runner Josh Safran said the final episode of Season 2 worked as a series finale.


title: Smash (TV series)

text: The series, especially the pilot episode, enjoyed critical success. The first season received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography among four nominations. The series was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy and a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media ("Let Me Be Your Star").


title: Smash (TV series)

text: The show revolves around a group of characters creating new Broadway musicals, where everyone must balance their often chaotic personal life with the all-consuming demands of life in the theater. The series features original music by composers Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman.


title: Smash (TV series)

text: Julia Houston (Debra Messing) and Tom Levitt (Christian Borle), a Broadway writing team, came up with the idea of a new musical based on the life of Marilyn Monroe titled "Bombshell". Producer Eileen Rand (Anjelica Huston), in the midst of divorce proceedings from her philandering husband, jumps on board and brings with her Derek Wills (Jack Davenport), a difficult but brilliant director. Ivy Lynn (Megan Hilty) is initially cast as Marilyn, but is forced to deal with competition from the talented, yet naive ensemble member Karen Cartwright (Katharine McPhee). Julia's former lover Michael Swift (Will Chase) is initially cast in the role of Joe DiMaggio. However, when Julia and Michael's reunion causes serious trouble in her marriage to Frank (Brian d'Arcy James), the decision is made to fire Michael. The role of Marilyn is recast with film star Rebecca Duvall (Uma Thurman), leaving Ivy devastated. After a somewhat disastrous out-of-town opening in Boston, Rebecca has fallen sick due to a peanut allergy and the actor playing Joe departs the production for a better gig. Derek subsequently casts Karen in the role of Marilyn and Michael is reinstated as Joe. Karen discovers Ivy has slept with her fiancé Dev (Raza Jaffrey), while Eileen finds out that her assistant Ellis (Jaime Cepero) was the one who poisoned Rebecca and fires him. Karen gets through her debut and the season ends with the closing number being applauded by the audience.