title: 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 17 July 2016 mid-term election were held in 7 single-member districts (constituency 23, 27, 85, 114, 151, 183 and 206) because their representatives had been elected to executive political positions and the death of Ihor Yeremeyev. Turnout varied from about 50% until less than 20%. The elections were monitored by 57 international official observers.


title: 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Vote counting in constituency 114 (situated in Stanytsia Luhanska) was disrupted after several members of the election commission refused to count votes. In the same constituency 14 criminal cases for violating the election were opened. Constituency 151 was last in announcing its final results when it did so on 21 July 2016.


title: Phenyl group

text: In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula CH, and is often represented by the symbol Ph. Phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. Phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring.


title: Phenyl group

text: Usually, a "phenyl group" is synonymous with CH− and is represented by the symbol Ph or, archaically, Φ. Benzene is sometimes denoted as PhH. Phenyl groups are generally attached to other atoms or groups. For example, triphenylmethane (PhCH) has three phenyl groups attached to the same carbon center. Many or even most phenyl compounds are not described with the term "phenyl". For example, the chloro derivative CHCl is normally called chlorobenzene, although it could be called phenyl chloride. In special (and rare) cases, isolated phenyl groups are detected: the phenyl anion (CH), the phenyl cation (CH), and the phenyl radical (CH).


title: Phenyl group

text: Although Ph and phenyl uniquely denote CH−, substituted derivatives also are described using the phenyl terminology. For example, CHNO− is nitrophenyl, and CF− is pentafluorophenyl. Monosubstituted phenyl groups (that is, disubstituted benzenes) are associated with electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions and the products follow the arene substitution pattern. So, a given substituted phenyl compound has three isomers, "ortho" (1,2-disubstitution), "meta" (1,3-disubstitution) and "para" (1,4-disubstitution). A disubstituted phenyl compound (trisubstituted benzene) may be, for example, 1,3,5-trisubstituted or 1,2,3-trisubstituted. Higher degrees of substitution, of which the pentafluorophenyl group is an example, exist and are named according to IUPAC nomenclature.


title: Phenyl group

text: Phenyl is derived from the French word , which in turn derived from Greek (), "shining", as the first phenyl compounds named were byproducts of making and refining various gases used for lighting. According to McMurry, "The word is derived from the Greek "pheno" (“I bear light”), commemorating the discovery of benzene by Michael Faraday in 1825 from the oily residue left by the illuminating gas used in London street lamps."


title: Phenyl group

text: Phenyl compounds are derived from benzene (CH), at least conceptually and often in terms of their production. In terms of its electronic properties, the phenyl group is related to a vinyl group. It is generally considered an inductively withdrawing group (-"I"), because of the higher electronegativity of sp carbon atoms, and a resonance donating group (+"M"), due to the ability of its π system to donate electron density when conjugation is possible. The phenyl group is hydrophobic. Phenyl groups tend to resist oxidation and reduction. Phenyl groups (like all aromatic compounds) have enhanced stability in comparison to equivalent bonding in aliphatic (non-aromatic) groups. This increased stability is due to the unique properties of aromatic molecular orbitals.


title: Phenyl group

text: In H-NMR spectroscopy, protons of a phenyl group typically have chemical shifts around 7.27 ppm. These chemical shifts are influenced by aromatic ring current and may change depending on substituents.


title: Phenyl group

text: Phenyl groups are usually introduced using reagents that behave as sources of the phenyl anion or the phenyl cation. Representative reagents include phenyllithium (CHLi) and phenylmagnesium bromide (CHMgBr). Electrophiles are attacked by benzene to give phenyl derivatives:


title: Phenyl group

text: where E (the "electrophile") = Cl, NO, SO. These reactions are called electrophilic aromatic substitutions.


title: Phenyl group

text: Phenyl groups are found in many organic compounds, both natural and synthetic (see figure). Most common among natural products is the amino acid phenylalanine, which contains a phenyl group. A major product of the petrochemical industry is "BTX" consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene - all of which are building blocks for phenyl compounds. The polymer polystyrene is derived from a phenyl-containing monomer and owes its properties to the rigidity and hydrophobicity of the phenyl groups. Many drugs as well as many pollutants contain phenyl rings.


title: Phenyl group

text: One of the simplest phenyl-containing compounds is phenol, CHOH. It is often said the resonance stability of phenol makes it a stronger acid than that of aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol (p"K" = 10 vs. 16–18). However, a significant contribution is the greater electronegativity of the "sp" alpha carbon in phenol compared to the "sp" alpha carbon in aliphatic alcohols.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: The Spanish Fighting Bull (Toro Bravo, "toro de lidia", "toro lidiado", "ganado bravo", "Touro de Lide") is an Iberian heterogeneous cattle population. It is exclusively bred free-range on extensive estates in Spain, Portugal, France and Latin American countries where bull fighting is organized. Fighting bulls are selected primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength and stamina. In order to preserve their natural traits, during breeding the bulls rarely encounter humans, and if so, never encounter them on foot.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Some commentators trace the origins of the fighting bull to wild bulls from the Iberian Peninsula and their use for arena games in the Roman Empire.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Although the actual origins are disputed, genetic studies have indicated that the breeding stock have an unusually old genetic pool.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: The aggression of the bull has been maintained (or augmented, see above) by selective breeding and has come to be popular among the people of Spain and Portugal and the parts of Latin America where it took root during colonial rule, as well as parts of Southern France, where bullfighting spread during the 19th century.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: In May 2010, Spanish scientists cloned the breed for the first time. The calf, named Got, meaning "glass" in Valencian, was cloned from a bull named Vasito and implanted in a Friesian surrogate cow.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Fighting bulls are characterized by their aggressive behavior, especially when solitary or unable to flee. Many are colored black or dark brown, but other colorations are normal. They reach maturity slower than meat breeds as they were not selected to be heavy, having instead a well-muscled "athletic" look, with a prominent "morrillo", a complex of muscles over the shoulder and neck which gives the bull its distinctive profile and strength with its horns. The horns are longer than in most other breeds and are present in both males and females. Mature bulls weigh from .


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Among fighting cattle there are several "encastes" or subtypes of the breed. Of the so-called "foundational breeds," only the bloodlines of Vistahermosa, Vázquez, Gallardo and Cabrera remain today. In the cases of the latter two only the ranches of Miura and Pablo Romero are deeply influenced by them. The so-called "modern foundational bloodlines" are Saltillo, Murube, Parladé and Santa Coloma, all of which are primarily composed of Vistahermosa blood.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Cattle have dichromatic vision, rendering them red-green colorblind and falsifying the idea that the color red makes them angry; they just respond to the movements of the "muleta". The red coloring is traditional and is believed to both conceal blood stains and provide a suitable light-dark contrast against the arena floor.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Fighting cattle are bred on wide-ranging ranches in Spain's "dehesa"s or in the portuguese Montados, which are often havens for Iberian wildlife as the farming techniques used are extensive. Both male and female calves spend their first year of life with their mothers; then they are weaned, branded, and kept in single-sex groups. When the cattle reach maturity after two years or so, they are sent to the "tienta", or testing.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: For the males, this establishes if they are suitable for breeding, the bullfight, or slaughter for meat. The testing for the bullfight is only of their aggression towards the horse, as regulations forbid their charging a man on the ground before they enter the bullfighting ring. They learn how to use their horns in tests of strength and dominance with other bulls. Due to their special aggression, these combats can lead to severe injuries and even death of the bulls, at great cost to their breeders.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: The females are more thoroughly tested, including by a bullfighter with his capes; hence a bull's "courage" is often said to descend from his mother.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: If fit for bullfighting, bulls will return to their peers. Cows passing the tienta are kept for breeding and will be slaughtered only when they can bear no more calves.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: At three years old males are no longer considered calves; they are known as "novillos" and are ready for bullfighting, although "novilladas" are for training bullfighters, or "novilleros". The best bulls are kept for "corridas de toros" with full matadors. Under Spanish law they must be at least four years old and reach the weight of 460 kg to fight in a first-rank bullring, 435 kg for a second-rank one, and 410 kg for third-rank rings. They must also have fully functional vision and even horns (which have not been tampered with) and be in generally good condition.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: A very few times each year a bull will be "indultado", or "pardoned," meaning his life is spared due to outstanding behavior in the bullring, leading the audience to petition the president of the ring with white handkerchiefs. The bullfighter joins the petition, as it is a great honor to have a bull one has fought pardoned. The president pardons the bull showing an orange handkerchief. The bull, if he survives his injuries, which are usually severe, is then returned to the ranch he was bred at, where he will live out his days in the fields. In most cases, he will become a "seed bull", mated once with some 30 cows. Four years later, his offspring will be tested in the ring. If they fight well, he may be bred again.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: The Miura is a line within the "Spanish Fighting Bull" bred at the in the province of Seville, in Andalucia. The ranch () is known for producing large and difficult fighting bulls. A Miura bull debuted in Madrid on April 30, 1849. The Miura derives from five historic lines of Spanish bull: the Gallardo, Cabrera, Navarra, Veragua, and Vistahermosa-Parladé.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: The bulls were fought under the name of Juan Miura until his death in 1854. Then they were under the name of his widow, Josefa Fernandez de Miura. After her death, the livestock bore the name of her eldest son Antonio Miura Fernandez from 1869 to 1893 and then the younger brother, Eduardo Miura Fernandez until his death in 1917.


title: Spanish Fighting Bull

text: Bulls from the Miura lineage have a reputation for being large, fierce, and cunning. It is said to be especially dangerous for a "matador" to turn his back on a Miura. Miura bulls have been referred to as individualists, each bull seemingly possessing a strong personal character.


title: Kiell Smith-Bynoe

text: Kiell Smith-Bynoe ( ) is a British actor most notable for playing one of the leads in the BBC One sitcom "Ghosts", and for his appearances in "Stath Lets Flats", "Man Like Mobeen" and "Enterprice".


title: Kiell Smith-Bynoe

text: Smith-Bynoe trained in Joan Littlewood improvisation style as part of the junior group at Theatre Royal Stratford East and similarly as an adult at the East 15 Acting School. He is still part of improv comedy troupes such as "BATTLEACTS!" with whom he performed at festivals including the Edinburgh Festival. One of his early acting roles was in 2012 in the YouTube web series "Diary of a Bad Man" as a gangster called Klayze, and his first professional role was in the 2012 crime drama series "Whitechapel". He was previously known for the novelty grime hit "Junior Spesh" under the name MC Klayze Flaymz.


title: Kiell Smith-Bynoe

text: Smith-Bynoe will be a cast member in the upcoming Series 15 of "Taskmaster", scheduled to be broadcast in 2023.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Astrid Kirchherr (; 20 May 1938 – 12 May 2020) was a German photographer and artist known for her association with the Beatles (along with her friends Klaus Voormann and Jürgen Vollmer) and her photographs of the band's original members – John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe and Pete Best – during their early days in Hamburg.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr met artist Stuart Sutcliffe in the Kaiserkeller bar in Hamburg in 1960, where Sutcliffe was playing bass with the Beatles, and was later engaged to him, before his death in 1962. Although Kirchherr shot very few photographs after 1967, her early work has been exhibited in Hamburg, Bremen, London, Liverpool, New York City, Washington, D.C., Tokyo, Vienna, and at the Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame. She published three limited-edition books of photographs.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr was born in 1938 in Hamburg, Germany, and was the daughter of a former executive of the German branch of the Ford Motor Company. During World War II, she was evacuated to the safety of the Baltic Sea where she remembered seeing dead bodies on the shore (after the ships "Cap Arcona" and the SS "Deutschland" had been bombed and sunk) and the destruction in Hamburg when she returned.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: After her graduation, Kirchherr enrolled in the Meisterschule für Mode, Textil, Grafik und Werbung in Hamburg, as she wanted to study fashion design but demonstrated a talent for black-and-white photography. Reinhard Wolf, the school's main photographic tutor, convinced her to switch courses and promised that he would hire her as his assistant when she graduated. Kirchherr worked for Wolf as his assistant from 1959 until 1963.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Kirchherr and her art school friends were involved in the European existentialist movement whose followers were later nicknamed "Exis" by Lennon. In 1995, she told BBC Radio Merseyside: "Our philosophy then, because we were only little kids, was wearing black clothes and going around looking moody. Of course, we had a clue who Jean-Paul Sartre was. We got inspired by all the French artists and writers, because that was the closest we could get. England was so far away, and America was out of the question. So France was the nearest. So we got all the information from France, and we tried to dress like the French existentialists... We wanted to be free, we wanted to be different, and tried to be cool, as we call it now."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr, Voormann and Vollmer were friends who had all attended the Meisterschule, and shared the same ideas about fashion, culture and music. Voormann became Astrid's boyfriend, and moved into the Kirchherr home, where he had his own room. In 1960, after Kirchherr and Vollmer had had an argument with Voormann, he wandered down the Reeperbahn (in the St. Pauli district of Hamburg) and heard music coming from the Kaiserkeller club. Voormann walked in and watched a performance by a group called the Beatles: Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Sutcliffe and Best, their drummer at the time. Voormann asked Kirchherr and Vollmer to listen to this new music, and after being persuaded to visit the Kaiserkeller (which was in the rough area of the Reeperbahn), Kirchherr decided that all she wanted to do was to be as close to the Beatles as she could. The trio of friends had never heard rock n' roll before, having previously listened to only trad jazz, with some Nat King Cole and The Platters mixed in. The trio then visited the Kaiserkeller almost every night, arriving at 9 o'clock and sitting by the front of the stage. Kirchherr later said: "It was like a merry-go-round in my head, they looked absolutely astonishing... My whole life changed in a couple of minutes. All I wanted was to be with them and to know them."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr later said that she, Voormann and Vollmer felt guilty about being German, and about Germany's recent history. Meeting the Beatles was something very special for her, although she knew that English people would think that she ate sauerkraut, and would comment on her heavy German accent, but they made jokes about it together. Lennon would make sarcastic remarks from the stage, saying "You Krauts, we won the war", knowing that very few Germans in the audience spoke English, but sailors from English-speaking countries present would roar with laughter.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Sutcliffe was fascinated by the trio, but especially Kirchherr, and thought they looked like "real bohemians". Bill Harry later said that when Kirchherr walked in, every head would immediately turn her way, and that she always captivated the whole room. Sutcliffe wrote to a friend that he could hardly take his eyes off her and had tried to talk to Kirchherr during the next break, but she had already left the club. Sutcliffe managed to meet them eventually, and learned that all three had attended the Meisterschule, which was the same type of art college that Lennon and Sutcliffe had attended in Liverpool. (Note: Meisterschule für Mode, Textil, Grafik und Werbung [Master Craftspeople College for Fashion, Textile, Graphics, and Advertising], although it is now called the University of Applied Sciences).


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr asked the Beatles if they would mind letting her take photographs of them in a photo session, which impressed them, as other groups had only snapshots that were taken by friends. The next morning Kirchherr took photographs with a Rolleicord camera, at a fairground in a municipal park called "Hamburger Dom" which was close to the Reeperbahn, and in the afternoon she took them all (minus Best, who decided not to go) to her mother's house in Altona. Kirchherr's bedroom (which was all in black, including the furniture, with silver foil on the walls and a large tree branch suspended from the ceiling), was decorated especially for Voormann, with whom she had a relationship, although after the visits to the Kaiserkeller their relationship became purely platonic. Kirchherr started dating Sutcliffe, although she always remained a close friend of Voormann.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr later supplied Sutcliffe and the other Beatles with Preludin, which, when taken with beer, made them feel euphoric and helped to keep them awake until the early hours of the morning. The Beatles had taken Preludin before, but it was only possible at the time to obtain Preludin with a doctor's prescription note. Kirchherr's mother received them from a local chemist, who supplied them without asking questions. After meeting Kirchherr, Lennon filled his letters to Cynthia Powell (his girlfriend at the time) with "Astrid said this, Astrid did that", which made Powell jealous, until she read that Sutcliffe was in a relationship with Kirchherr. When Powell visited Hamburg with Dot Rhone (McCartney's girlfriend at the time) in April 1961, they stayed at Kirchherr's house. In August 1963, Kirchherr met Lennon and Cynthia in Paris while they were both there for a belated honeymoon, as Kirchherr was there with a girlfriend for a few days' holiday. The four of them went from wine bar to wine bar and finally ended up back at Kirchherr's lodgings, where all four fell asleep on Kirchherr's single bed.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: The Beatles met Kirchherr again in Hamburg in 1966 when they were touring Germany, and Kirchherr gave Lennon the letters he had written to Sutcliffe in 1961 and 1962. Lennon said it was "the best present I've had in years". All of the Beatles wrote many letters to Kirchherr: "I only have a couple from George [Harrison], which I'll never show anyone, but he wrote so many. So did the others. I probably threw them away. You do that when you're young – you don't think of the future." Harrison later asked Kirchherr to arrange the cover of his "Wonderwall Music" album in 1968.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr is credited with inventing the Beatles' moptop haircut although she disagreed, saying: "All that rubbish people said, that I created their hairstyle, that's rubbish! Lots of German boys had that hairstyle. Stuart [Sutcliffe] had it for a long while and the others copied it. I suppose the most important thing I contributed to them was friendship." In 1995, Kirchherr told BBC Radio Merseyside: "All my friends in art school used to run around with this sort of what you call Beatles haircut. And my boyfriend then, Klaus Voormann, had this hairstyle, and Stuart liked it very very much. He was the first one who really got the nerve to get the Brylcreem out of his hair and asking me to cut his hair for him. Pete [Best] has really curly hair and it wouldn't work." Kirchherr says that after she cut Sutcliffe's hair, Harrison asked her to do the same when she was visiting Liverpool, and Lennon and McCartney had their hair cut in the same style while they were in Paris, by Kirchherr's friend, Vollmer, who was living there at the time as an assistant to photographer William Klein.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: After moving into the Kirchherr family's house, Sutcliffe used to borrow her clothes, as he was the same height as Kirchherr. He wore her leather pants and jackets, collarless jackets, oversized shirts, and long scarves. He also borrowed a corduroy suit with no lapels that he wore on stage, which prompted Lennon to sarcastically ask if his mother had lent him the suit.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Sutcliffe wrote to friends that he was infatuated with Kirchherr, and asked her friends which colours, films, books and painters she liked, and whom she fancied. Best later commented that the beginning of their relationship was, "like one of those fairy stories". Kirchherr says that she immediately fell in love with Sutcliffe, and referred to him as "the love of my life". Kirchherr and Sutcliffe got engaged in November 1960, and exchanged rings, as is the German custom. Sutcliffe later wrote to his parents that he was engaged to Kirchherr, which they were shocked to learn, as they thought he would give up his career as an artist, although he told Kirchherr that he would like to be an art teacher in London or Germany in the future.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr and Sutcliffe went to Liverpool in the summer of 1961, as Kirchherr wanted to meet Sutcliffe's family (and to see Liverpool) before their marriage. Everybody was expecting a strange beatnik artist from Hamburg, but Kirchherr turned up at the Sutcliffes' house at 37 Aigburth Drive, Liverpool, bearing a single long-stemmed orchid in her hand as a present, and dressed in a round-necked cashmere sweater and tailored skirt.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: In February 1962, Sutcliffe collapsed in the middle of an art class in Hamburg. He was suffering from intense headaches, and Kirchherr's mother had German doctors perform checks on him, although they were unable to determine the cause of his headaches. While living at the Kirchherrs' house in Hamburg, his condition deteriorated. On 10 April 1962, Kirchherr's mother phoned her daughter at work and told her Sutcliffe had collapsed again, was brought back to the house and an ambulance had been called for. Kirchherr rushed home and rode with Sutcliffe in the ambulance, but he died in her arms before it reached the hospital.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Three days later Kirchherr met Lennon, McCartney and Best at the Hamburg airport (they were returning to Hamburg to perform) and told them Sutcliffe had died of a brain haemorrhage. Harrison and manager Brian Epstein arrived on another plane sometime later with Sutcliffe's mother, who had been informed by telegram. Harrison and Lennon were helpful towards the distraught Kirchherr, with Lennon telling her one day that she definitely had to decide if she wanted to "Live or die, there is no other question."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: In 1964, Kirchherr became a freelance photographer, and with her colleague Max Scheler she took "behind the scenes" photographs of the Beatles during the filming of "A Hard Day's Night", as an assignment for the German "Stern" magazine. Epstein had forbidden any publicity photographs to be taken without his permission, but Kirchherr phoned Harrison, who said he would arrange it, but added, "Only if they pay you."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: "Stern" phoned Bill Harry at his "Mersey Beat" newspaper and asked if he could arrange a photograph of all the groups in Liverpool, so Harry suggested Kirchherr be the photographer, although Kirchherr later said she placed an advertisement in the "Liverpool Echo" newspaper. Kirchherr and Scheler said that any group who wanted their photograph taken in front of St. George's Hall would be paid per musician, but over 200 groups turned up on the day, which meant Kirchherr and Scheler soon ran out of money. Kirchherr didn't publish the photographs until 1995, in a book called "Liverpool Days", which is a limited-edition collection of black-and-white photographs. In 1999, a companion book called "Hamburg Days" was published (a two-volume limited edition), containing a set of photographs by Kirchherr and "memory drawings" by Voormann. The drawings are recollections of places and situations that Voormann clearly remembers, but Kirchherr had never photographed, or had lost the photographs.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr described how difficult it was to be accepted as a female photographer in the 1960s: "Every magazine and newspaper wanted me to photograph the Beatles again. Or they wanted my old stuff, even if it was out of focus, whether they were nice or not. They wouldn't look at my other work. It was very hard for a girl photographer in the 60s to be accepted. In the end I gave up. I've hardly taken a photo since 1967."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr was quoted as saying that "When We Was Fab" (Genesis Publications 2007), would be her last book of photographs: "I have decided it is time to create one book in which I am totally involved so that it contains the pictures I like most, printed the way I would print them, even down to the text and design... This book is me and that is why it will be the last one. The very last one."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr expressed respect for other photographers, such as Annie Leibovitz (because of the humour in her work), Irving Penn, Richard Avedon, Jim Rakete and Reinhard Wolf (German Wikipedia), and French film-makers François Truffaut, and Jean Cocteau. Kirchherr said that her favourite photos are the ones she took of Sutcliffe by the Baltic sea, and of Lennon and Harrison in her attic room at 45a Eimsbütteler Strasse. She expressed reservations about digital photography, saying that a photographer should concentrate on the art of photography and not on the technical results, although admitting that she knew nothing about computers and was "afraid of the internet".


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr admitted she was not good at business because of insufficient organisation, and had never really looked after the negatives of her photographs to prove ownership. Her business partner Ulf Krüger—a songwriter and record producer—successfully found many of Astrid's negatives and photographs and had them copyrighted, although he believes that Kirchherr lost over the years because of people using her photographs without permission. In July 2001, Kirchherr visited Liverpool to open an exhibition of her work at the Mathew Street art gallery, which is close to the former site of The Cavern Club. She appeared as a guest at the city's Beatles Week Festival during the August Bank Holiday. Kirchherr's work has been exhibited internationally in places, such as Hamburg, Bremen, London, Liverpool, New York City, Washington D.C., Tokyo, Vienna, and at the Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: In 1967, Kirchherr married English drummer Gibson Kemp (born Gibson Stewart Kemp, August 1945, Liverpool, Lancashire), who had replaced Ringo Starr in Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. The marriage ended in divorce after seven years. She then worked as a barmaid, as an interior designer, and then for a music publishing firm, getting married for a second time to a German businessman.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr worked as an advisor in 1994 on the film "Backbeat", which portrayed Kirchherr, Sutcliffe and the Beatles during their early days in Hamburg. She was impressed with Stephen Dorff (who played Sutcliffe in the film), commenting that he was the right age (19 years old at the time), and his gestures, the way he smoked, and talked were so like Sutcliffe's that she had goose pimples. Kirchherr was portrayed in the film by Sheryl Lee.


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Starting in the mid-1990s, Kirchherr and business partner Krüger operated the K&K photography shop in Hamburg, offering custom vintage prints, books and artwork for sale. K&K periodically helped arrange Beatles' conventions and other Beatles' events in the Hamburg area. She had no children, and lived alone. She commented in 1995: "My [second] marriage ended in 1985... I regretted I had no children. I just couldn't see me have any. But now I am pleased when I see the situation the world is in. I live alone and am very happy."


title: Astrid Kirchherr

text: Kirchherr died on 12 May 2020 in Hamburg, following "a short, serious illness", a week prior to her 82nd birthday. News of her death was first announced by Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn via Twitter. He praised her involvement with the band as "immeasurable", and credited her as an "intelligent, inspirational, innovative, daring, artistic, awake, aware, beautiful, smart, loving and uplifting friend to many".


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: The Sweden women's national football team () represents Sweden at international women's association football competitions and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association.


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: The Swedish team has been traditionally recognized as one of the world's best women's teams and won the 1984 European Competition for Women's Football. Like the equally successful men's counterpart, the women's team also became runners-up at a World Cup (2003) and three European Championships (1987, 1995 and 2001), as well as participating at six Olympic Games, eight World Cups and ten European Championships. Sweden also finished third at the 1991, 2011 and 2019 World Cups.


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: The 2003 World Cup-final was the only second time Sweden ever reached the final of a FIFA World Cup after the 1958 FIFA World Cup Final, and was the second most watched event in Sweden that year. Lotta Schelin is the top goalscorer in the history of Sweden with 85 goals. Schelin surpassed Hanna Ljungberg's 72-goal record against Germany on 29 October 2014. The player with the most caps is Caroline Seger, with 229. The team was coached by Thomas Dennerby from 2005 to 2012, and Pia Sundhage from 2012 to 2017. The current head coach is Peter Gerhardsson.


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: After winning the two qualifying matches against Denmark for the Beijing 2008 Olympics, the Swedish Olympic Committee approved of record increases in investments for the women's team. The new budget granted over a million SEK (about US$150,000) for the team and 150,000 SEK (about US$25,000) per player for developing physical fitness. The new grants are almost a 100% increase of the 2005 and 2006 season funds.


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: The developments and conditions of the Sweden women's national football team from its beginnings until 2013 can be seen in the 2013 three-part Sveriges Television documentary television series "The Other Sport".


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled. All times are local.


title: Sweden women's national football team

text: The Algarve Cup is a global invitational tournament for national teams in women's soccer hosted by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). Held annually in the Algarve region of Portugal since 1994, it is one of the most prestigious women's football events, alongside the Women's World Cup and Women's Olympic Football.


title: Rollins Band

text: Rollins Band was an American rock band formed in Van Nuys, California. The band was active from 1987 to 2006 and was led by former Black Flag vocalist Henry Rollins. They are best known for the songs "Low Self Opinion" and "Liar", which both earned heavy airplay on MTV in the early-mid 1990s.


title: Rollins Band

text: Critic Steve Huey describes their music as "uncompromising, intense, cathartic fusions of funk, post-punk, noise, and jazz experimentalism, with Rollins shouting angry, biting self-examinations and accusations over the grind."


title: Rollins Band

text: Rollins was the singer for the Washington, D.C. punk rock band State of Alert from October 1980 to July 1981. Afterwards, he sang with California punk rock band Black Flag from August 1981 to August 1986. Black Flag earned little mainstream attention, but through a demanding touring schedule, came to be regarded as one of the most important punk rock bands of the 1980s.


title: Rollins Band

text: Less than a year after Black Flag broke up, Rollins returned to music with guitarist Chris Haskett (a friend from Rollins' teen years in Washington D.C.), bass guitarist Bernie Wandel, and drummer Mick Green.


title: Rollins Band

text: This line-up released two records: "Hot Animal Machine" (credited as a Rollins solo record and featuring cover art drawings by Devo leader Mark Mothersbaugh) and "Drive by Shooting" (credited to "Henrietta Collins and the Wifebeating Childhaters"). The music was similar to Black Flag's, though it flirted more with heavy metal and funk.


title: Rollins Band

text: Soon after, Rollins formed Rollins Band with Haskett, bassist Andrew Weiss, and drummer Sim Cain (Weiss and Cain had previously played with Gone, an instrumental rock group led by guitarist and Black Flag founder Greg Ginn). Live sound engineer Theo Van Rock was usually credited as a band member.


title: Rollins Band

text: Critics Ira Robbins and Regina Joskow described this line-up as a "brilliant, strong ensemble ... the band doesn't play punk (more a jazzy, thrashy, swing take on the many moods of Jimi Hendrix), but what they do together has the strengths of both. The group's loud guitar rock with a strong, inventive rhythmic clock borrows only the better attributes of metal, ensuring that noise is never a substitute for purpose."


title: Rollins Band

text: Rollins's tour diaries from this era details the personal and creative tensions that led to Weiss being fired following the "End of Silence" tour. These diaries were published by Rollins's 2.13.61 company as "See A Grown Man Cry" and "Now Watch Him Die".


title: Rollins Band

text: The band's new bassist was jazz and funk veteran Melvin Gibbs, who'd been highly recommended by Living Colour guitarist Vernon Reid, a friend of the Rollins Band since the first Lollapalooza tour. Cain and Gibbs had also both played in different versions of guitarist Marc Ribot's band. Gibbs performed on Ribot's album "Rootless Cosmopolitans" (1990) and Cain on "Requiem for What's His Name" (1992).


title: Rollins Band

text: The first video from 1994's "Weight", "Liar", was a huge hit on MTV, with Rollins sporting numerous costumes (including a cop and a nun). The band appeared at Woodstock '94, and Rollins was a guest-host for several MTV programs, including "120 Minutes".


title: Rollins Band

text: This version of Rollins Band had some of the most overt jazz leanings of the band's history: Gibbs had begun his career with Reid in the 1980s jazz fusion group of drummer Ronald Shannon Jackson, and worked with Sonny Sharrock on albums like 1987's "Seize the Rainbow". These influences, along with Rollins' obsession with the late '60s/early '70s electric/fusion era of iconic trumpeter Miles Davis, shaped this version of the band's music. During the sessions for "Weight", Rollins Band recorded with free jazz saxophonist Charles Gayle, though these sessions remained unreleased for ten years at Gayle's request to avoid conflicts with his contractual obligations. The Gayle sessions were released in 2003 as "Weighting".


title: Rollins Band

text: In 1996, there was a legal battle with the band's former label, Imago Records. Rollins claimed "fraud, deceit, undue


title: Rollins Band

text: influence and economic coercion" on the label's part. They signed with the then-new major label DreamWorks Records, who released 1997's "Come In and Burn". The album had a minor hit with the single "Starve" and the band appeared on "Saturday Night Live" to promote the album (season 22, episode 18). However, "Come In and Burn" was not as successful as "Weight" and, after touring for "Burn", Rollins dissolved the group, citing creative stagnation.


title: Rollins Band

text: Rollins replaced the Haskett-Gibbs-Cain lineup with the Los Angeles rock band Mother Superior, retaining the name Rollins Band, and released "Get Some Go Again" (2000) and "Nice" (2001). They also released a two-disc live album, "The Only Way to Know for Sure". This line-up was a more straightforward hard rock group: their first album featured "Are You Ready?" a cover of a Thin Lizzy song, featuring Lizzy guitarist Scott Gorham; Rollins has often expressed fondness for Thin Lizzy and its founder, Phil Lynott.


title: Rollins Band

text: In between other commitments (his radio show "Harmony in My Head", his cable/satellite TV show "The Henry Rollins Show", and his spoken word tours), Rollins also reunited the Haskett-Gibbs-Cain lineup.


title: Rollins Band

text: In a blog entry on henryrollins.com, Rollins admitted, "Actually we have been practicing on and off for months now, slowly getting it together ... It's been really cool being back in the practice room with these guys after all these years."


title: Rollins Band

text: The band opened some concerts for X, and played on the first-season finale of "The Henry Rollins Show" on August 12, 2006.


title: Rollins Band

text: Rollins told Alan Sculley of "The Daily Herald" that this reunion with Haskett, Gibbs and Cain would not become long-term unless the group decided to write new songs: "Let's put it this way. I don't want to go out and hit America again without a new record, or at least a new album's worth of material. Otherwise the thing will lack legitimacy ... Miles Davis would never do that. And I'm not into a greatest-hits thing. I think a band, if you're going to be around, you should be moving forward and putting in the time and working for it, getting after the art. Otherwise you're just playing retreads. ... Imagine a tree that grows canned peaches. It's nothing I want to do."


title: Rollins Band

text: The band have been categorized under the alternative metal, hard rock, funk metal and post-hardcore genres. Mid-career albums such as "Weight" also had a pronounced jazz influence. They were part of the early 1990s Los Angeles alternative metal scene, alongside Tool, Jane's Addiction, Rage Against the Machine and Green Jellÿ. Their influences include '70s metal and rock bands, including Black Sabbath, The Velvet Underground, Pink Fairies and Thin Lizzy, as well as progressive rock and jazz fusion bands like King Crimson and Mahavishnu Orchestra. Rollins' shout-singing style proved influential to later alternative and nu metal artists, such as Coal Chamber, Korn, Chevelle, Godsmack and System of a Down. The Rollins Band songs "Tearing" and "Shine" have been covered by Pearl Jam.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: Bloody Disgusting is an American multi-media company, which began as a horror genre-focused news site/website specializing in information services that covered various horror medias, including: film, television, video games, comics, and music. The company expanded into other media including advertising, podcast networking, film, television, streaming media, and management.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: The film production studio developed and produced the "V/H/S" franchise, a collection of six found footage films, two spin-off films, and one miniseries.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: Bloody Disgusting was founded in 2001 by Brad Miska (under the pseudonym "Mr. Disgusting") and Tom Owen, who run the site along with current managing editor John Squires. By 2007, the site had 1.5 million unique visitors and 20 million page views each month. In September 2007 a minority stake was purchased by The Collective, a Beverly Hills–based management company. In 2011 Bloody Disgusting began distributing and producing films that have gone on to win awards and spawned the successful "V/H/S" franchise.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: In 2011, Bloody Disgusting partnered with The Collective and AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. to create a distribution company named Bloody Disgusting Selects. The new subsidiary specialized in providing a wider release for independent filmmakers. The company purchased distribution rights from movies that were initially released at film festivals, with locations at AMC Theatres handling exclusive theatrical release. After this, the movies were distributed by the conglomerate through The Collective's partnership with Vivendi Universal and on DVD, Blu-ray and VOD platforms.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: Bloody Disgusting has notably worked on projects with genre writers, directors, and actors including, but not limited to: Adam Wingard, Simon Barrett, David Bruckner, Roxanne Benjamin, Joe Swanberg, AJ Bowen, Amy Seimetz, TI West, Radio Silence, Glenn McQuaid, Steven C Miller, Jonny Weston, Jason Eisner, Eduardo Sanchez, Greg Hale, Gareth Evans, Timo Tjahjanto, Marcel Sarmiento, Nacho Vigalondo, Patrick Horvath, Sion Sono, and Trent Haaga.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: In October 2021, Cinedigm purchased Bloody Disgusting from co-oweners/co-founders Brad Miska and Tom Owen, business parters Peter Lutrell and Heather Lutrell, and part-owner Michael Green who's company The Collective had previously owned a large stake in the company. Cinedigm intends to expand Bloody Disgusting on a large scale. In October 2021, Cinedigm assigned management of their subsidiary streaming service Screambox, to the Bloody Disgusting team. The collaboration will reinvent the streaming service, with intent to expand its content and original releases. In November 2022, the relaunch of the new "Bloody Disgusting approved" Screambox was announced. The streaming service included a redesign, change in cost, increase in variety of content, and accessibility changes. Upon its launch, the streamer included over 700 available titles. Bloody Disgusting's original streaming service, Bloody Disgusting TV, was moved into Screambox navigation.


title: Bloody Disgusting

text: As Bloody Disgusting grew, it evolved into a film production company, releasing horror genre favorites and award-winning films.


title: Leslie Isben Rogge

text: Leslie Isben Rogge (born March 8, 1940) is an American criminal and bank robber. He became the first criminal in the FBI's Ten Most Wanted to be caught due to the Internet.


title: Leslie Isben Rogge

text: Rogge was imprisoned at the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas, in the 1970s for car theft and grand larceny. He was later convicted and sentenced to 25 years for a 1984 bank robbery in Key Largo, Florida. In September 1985, he bribed a corrections officer and escaped from prison in Moscow, Idaho.


title: Leslie Isben Rogge

text: Following his escape, he went on to commit additional bank robberies, including one at an Exchange Bank branch in El Dorado, Arkansas, and at a bank in High Point, North Carolina, in 1986. On January 24, 1990, Rogge became the 430th Fugitive to be added to the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, where he remained for the next six years. He was featured on the television program "Unsolved Mysteries" and on "America's Most Wanted" five times. In 1991, he also robbed a bank in Webb City, Missouri.


title: Leslie Isben Rogge

text: Rogge's approach involved determining which bank would be a more viable option for carrying out a robbery and meticulously planning an escape plan by deciding in which vehicle would be fastest to escape. When Rogge and his partner robbed a particular bank, they used the police scanner to monitor the state of the bank's alarm system and keep track of police activity. Meanwhile, Rogge would walk calmly and wait. When they escaped, a timed smoke bomb set the previous night would explode, providing a distraction for their escape.


title: Leslie Isben Rogge

text: On May 19, 1996, Rogge surrendered at the United States Embassy in Guatemala, after Guatemalan authorities had launched a manhunt upon being tipped off by someone who saw Rogge's photo on the FBI website. While on the run, he spent time in Antigua Guatemala, where he went by the name "Bill Young".


title: Leslie Isben Rogge

text: Rogge stole more than $2 million and robbed approximately 30 banks in all, and is currently serving a 65-year sentence at Federal Correctional Institution, Sheridan in Sheridan, Oregon. He cannot be released until 2047, when he will be 107.


title: Psychic vampire

text: A psychic vampire (or energy vampire) is a creature in folklore said to feed off the "life force" of other living creatures. The term can also be used to describe a person who gets increased energy around other people, but leaves those other people exhausted or "drained" of energy. Psychic vampires are represented in the occult beliefs of various cultures and in fiction.


title: Psychic vampire

text: Terms used to describe the substance or essence that psychic vampires take or receive from others include: "energy", "qi" (or "ch'i"), "life force", "prana", and "vitality". There is no scientific or medical evidence supporting the existence of the bodily or psychic energy they allegedly drain.


title: Psychic vampire

text: American author Albert Bernstein uses the phrase "emotional vampire" for people with various personality disorders who are often considered to drain emotional energy from others.


title: Psychic vampire

text: The term "energy vampire" is also used metaphorically to refer to people whose influence leaves a person feeling exhausted, unfocused, and depressed, without ascribing the phenomenon to psychic interference.


title: Psychic vampire

text: Dion Fortune wrote of psychic parasitism in relation to vampirism as early as 1930 in her book, "Psychic Self-Defense". Fortune considered psychic vampirism a combination of psychic and psychological pathology, and distinguished between what she considered to be true psychic vampirism and mental conditions that produce similar symptoms. For the latter, she named folie à deux and similar phenomena.


title: Psychic vampire

text: The term "psychic vampire" was popularized in the 1960s by Anton LaVey and his Church of Satan. LaVey wrote on the topic in his book, "The Satanic Bible", and claimed to have coined the term. LaVey used "psychic vampire" to mean a spiritually or emotionally weak person who drains vital energy from other people. Adam Parfrey likewise attributed the term to LaVey in an introduction to "The Devil's Notebook".


title: Psychic vampire

text: The English singer-songwriter Peter Hammill credits his erstwhile Van der Graaf Generator colleague, violinist Graham Smith, with coining the term "energy vampires" in the 1970s in order to describe intrusive, over-zealous fans. Hammill included a song of the same name on his 1978 album "The Future Now".


title: Psychic vampire

text: The terms "energy vampire" and "psychic vampire" have been used as synonyms in Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union as part of an occult revival.


title: Psychic vampire

text: The 2019 American comedy horror television series "What We Do in the Shadows" includes the character Colin Robinson, a metaphorical and literal "energy vampire" who drains people's life forces by being boring or frustrating.


title: Psychic vampire

text: Sociologists such as Mark Benecke and A. Asbjørn Jøn have identified a subculture of people who present themselves as vampires. Jon has noted that enthusiasts of the vampire subculture emulate traditional psychic vampires in that they describe 'prey[ing] upon life-force or 'pranic' energy'. Prominent figures in the subculture include Michelle Belanger, a self-described psychic vampire, who wrote a book titled "The Psychic Vampire Codex: A Manual of Magick and Energy Work," published in 2004 by New Age press Weiser Books. Belanger details a vampiric approach to energy work which she believes psychic vampires can use to heal others, representing an attempt to disassociate the psychic vampire subculture from negative connotations of vampirism.


title: Psychic vampire

text: A related mythological creature is a sexual vampire, which is supposed to feed off sexual energy. Sexual vampires include succubi or incubi.


title: Weird West (video game)

text: Weird West is an action role-playing video game developed by WolfEye Studios and published by Devolver Digital. The game was released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 31, 2022.


title: Weird West (video game)

text: "Weird West" is a top-down action role-playing game with elements of the immersive sim genre, with randomized elements through each playthrough. The game is based on the Weird West genre it borrows its title from, in which the player takes the role of heroes in the American frontier who encounter supernatural elements. The game features the stories of five bounty hunters. The world is designed to be interactive and responsive to the player's action. For instance, when the player shoots at an ammo box, it will explode. Actions done by the player in the game are permanent, meaning that they cannot be undone through respawning. The game also features a permadeath mode in which the player character and their companions will die permanently. Actual gameplay is similar to that of a twin-stick shooter, with the team describing it as "action-y version of "Fallout 1" or "2".


title: Weird West (video game)

text: Raphaël Colantonio and Julien Roby, Arkane Studios' former Executive Producer, announced in November 2019 they had earlier formed a new studio, WolfEye Studios, a twenty-person studio working distributively. They announced their first game, "Weird West", at The Game Awards 2019, to be published by Devolver Digital. While the game features supernatural elements, it was not designed to be a horror game. Unlike most immersive sims, the game was not played from a first-person perspective, and instead adopted a top-down perspective that was inspired by the early "Ultima" and "Fallout" games. Chris Avellone was originally involved as a coach to the game's writing team. Since the game includes the presence of Native Americans, the team invited the Anishinaabe to ensure that their depiction in the game is authentic, and added Elizabeth LaPensée, who is Anishinaabe and Métis, to the game's writing team. Weird Wolves, a musical band established by Colantonio and Ava Gore, composed some of the game's soundtracks. The game was released on March 31, 2022 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.


title: Weird West (video game)

text: "Weird West" received "generally positive" reviews for PC and Xbox One and "mixed or average" reviews for PlayStation 4, according to review aggregator Metacritic.


title: Weird West (video game)

text: "Destructoid" liked the game's compelling story, world, exploration, frantic combat, and player choice, but lamented the presence of technical issues. "Game Informer" gave the game an 8.5 out of 10, writing, ""Weird West"s best assets are its well-developed characters and deep gameplay systems, but its overall production value is underwhelming." "GameSpot" reviewed the title less positively, commending its writing, character dynamics, and old-school pulp fiction aesthetic, while taking issue with its inelegant combat, binary morality system, camerawork, unbalanced upgrade system, and stingy progression. "GamesRadar+" similarly praised the setting and the player's freedom to create their own story while citing the finicky morality system as problematic. "IGN" praised the game's bizarre encounters, twists, reveals, and chaotic stealth and combat, while criticizing the dull loot and technical issues. "PC Gamer" praised the game's ability to react to the player's choices, but criticized its combat, writing, "When fighting does break out, it’s refreshingly and mercifully quick. However, between that dingy visual style, and an overly complex twin-stick control scheme, I never found it all that enjoyable."


title: Lighthouse Family

text: Lighthouse Family were a British musical duo that rose to prominence in the mid-1990s and initially remained active until the early 2000s. Singer Tunde Baiyewu and songwriter Paul Tucker formed the act in 1993 in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, after meeting while studying at university and both working at the same bar. Their 1995 debut album "Ocean Drive" sold more than 1.8 million copies in the UK alone and established them as a popular easy listening duo throughout Europe.


title: Lighthouse Family

text: They are best known for their worldwide hit "High", which reached number four on the UK Singles Chart and number one in Australia. Other well known songs include "Goodbye Heartbreak", "Lifted", "Lost in Space", "Ocean Drive" and "Raincloud". The duo's first studio album in 18 years, "Blue Sky in Your Head", was released on 5 July 2019.


title: Lighthouse Family

text: Both Baiyewu and Tucker were working in bars when they first met; together, they recorded demos of a number of songs Tucker had written during the late 1980s. Among these, a demo of "Ocean Drive" attracted the attention of Polydor Records A&R director Colin Barlow, who, in 1993, signed the band to a six-month development deal.


title: Lighthouse Family

text: In the wake of an economic recession in the UK, British record labels were, at the time, primarily signing artists with the goal of short-term profit. In contrast, Barlow, in "The Times", expected that the band could last for "ten years or more". At the time of the launch of the first album, Polydor's investments in the band totaled £250,000. Producer Mike Peden's hiring was described as a "big spend", and music videos were filmed overseas in Los Angeles and Las Vegas.


title: Lighthouse Family

text: The lead single, "Lifted", received airplay on BBC Radio One as well as a number of BBC Local Radio stations, and "The Chart Show" aired its music video. Still, this did not translate to considerable single or album sales within 1995; it was not until "Lifted" was re-released in 1996 that it reached the top five on the UK Singles Chart, and "Ocean Drive", which had been deleted, rebounded and was certified six-times platinum by the end of 1997, spending 154 weeks on the UK Albums Chart in the process. Its follow-up "Postcards from Heaven" achieved similar sales status in 1997. It featured the hit single "High" (number four in the UK) with the music video filmed in North East England and featuring Newcastle's Tyne Bridge.


title: Lighthouse Family

text: Lighthouse Family scaled down their appearances in early 2003 because of what they called a "heavy promotional schedule" following the release of "Whatever Gets You Through the Day" in 2001. This led to both men pursuing individual projects. Baiyewu became a solo artist, while Tucker joined a rock band, The Orange Lights.


title: Lighthouse Family

text: In November 2010, the duo announced they were reforming Lighthouse Family and did a full UK and Ireland tour, in February and March 2011. It was the first performance of Lighthouse Family in eight years. During an interview on breakfast TV show "BBC Breakfast" on 17 January 2011, Lighthouse Family revealed they had still been talking to each other during their time away, and that there was no current defined timescale for the release of a new album. However, Tucker mentioned during the interview that the duo had "pockets... full of songs".


title: Lighthouse Family

text: The duo had planned to release a new album called "Blue Sky in Your Head" on 3 May 2019, introduced by the single, "My Salvation", on 21 March; however, the album release was delayed until 5 July 2019. "Blue Sky in Your Head" is their first album in 18 years. Lighthouse Family have announced a multi-date UK tour commencing in November 2019. The album was supported with two sell-out UK tours.


title: Charles XV

text: Charles XV also Carl ("Carl Ludvig Eugen"); Swedish: "Karl XV" and Norwegian: "Karl IV" (3 May 1826 – 18 September 1872) was King of Sweden ("Charles XV") and Norway, there often referred to as Charles IV, from 8 July 1859 until his death in 1872. Though known as King Charles XV in Sweden (and also on contemporary Norwegian coins), he was actually the ninth Swedish king by that name, as his predecessor Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted a numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden. Charles XV was the third Swedish monarch from the House of Bernadotte and the first one to be born in Sweden.


title: Charles XV

text: He was born in Stockholm Palace, Stockholm, in 1826 and dubbed Duke of Scania at birth. Born the eldest son of Crown Prince Oscar of Sweden and his wife Crown Princess Josephine, he would be second in line to the throne of his grandfather, the ruling King Charles XIV John of Sweden. During his childhood he was placed in the care of the royal governess countess Christina Ulrika Taube. When he was just 15, he was given his first officer's commission in 1841 by his grandfather the king.


title: Charles XV

text: The aging King Charles XIV John would suffer a stroke on his 81st birthday in 1844, dying little more than a month later. His successor would be his son, Charles's father Oscar, who ascended the throne as King Oscar I of Sweden. Upon his father's accession to the throne in 1844, the youth Charles was made a chancellor of the universities of Uppsala and Lund, and in 1853 chancellor of Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. On 11 February 1846 he was made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.


title: Charles XV

text: The Crown Prince was Viceroy of Norway briefly in 1856 and 1857. He became Regent on 25 September 1857, and king on the death of his father on 8 July 1859. As grandson of Augusta of Bavaria, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden, whose Vasa blood returned to the throne after being lost in 1818 when Charles XIII of Sweden died.


title: Charles XV

text: On 19 June 1850 he married in Stockholm Louise of the Netherlands, niece of William II of the Netherlands through her father and niece of William I of Prussia, German Emperor, through her mother. The couple were personally quite dissimilar; Louise was a cultured and refined woman, however, she was considered to be quite plain and Charles was disappointed with her appearance. Louise was in love with her husband, whereas he preferred other women, saddening her deeply. His well-known mistresses included the actress Laura Bergnéhr, the countess Josephine Sparre, Wilhelmine Schröder and the actresses Hanna Styrell and Elise Hwasser, and the Crown Prince neglected his shy wife. On the other hand, his relationship to his only daughter, Louise, was warm and close.


title: Charles XV

text: As Crown Prince, Charles's brusque manner led many to regard his future accession with some apprehension, yet he proved to be one of the most popular of Scandinavian kings and a constitutional ruler in the best sense of the word. His reign was remarkable for its manifold and far-reaching reforms. Sweden's existing municipal law (1862), ecclesiastical law (1863) and criminal law (1864) were enacted appropriately enough under the direction of a king whose motto was: "Land skall med lag byggas" – "With law shall the land be built". Charles also helped Louis De Geer to carry through his reform of the Parliament of Sweden in 1866. He also declared the freedom of women by passing the law of legal majority for unmarried women in 1858 – his sister Princess Eugenie became the first woman who was declared mature.


title: Charles XV

text: Charles, like his father Oscar I, was an advocate of Scandinavianism and the political solidarity of the three northern kingdoms, and his friendship with Frederick VII of Denmark, it is said, led him to give half promises of help to Denmark on the eve of the war of 1864, which, in the circumstances, were perhaps misleading and unjustifiable. In view, however, of the unpreparedness of the Swedish army and the difficulties of the situation, Charles was forced to observe a strict neutrality. He died in Malmö on 18 September 1872.


title: Charles XV

text: Charles XV attained some eminence as a painter and as a poet. He was followed on the thrones of both Norway and Sweden by his brother Oscar II.


title: Charles XV

text: In 1872, Charles XV had controversial plans to enter a non-morganatic marriage with the Polish countess Marya Krasińska through the assistance of Ohan Demirgian, plans that aroused opposition both in the royal house and government and which were interrupted only by his death.


title: Charles XV

text: By his wife, Louise of the Netherlands, Charles had two children, a son who died in infancy and a daughter who married the King of Denmark. The early death of his only legitimate son meant that he was succeeded on the throne of Sweden by his younger brother Oscar II.


title: Charles XV

text: Charles also sired an illegitimate son, Carl Johan Bolander, (4 February 1854 – 28 July 1903), the father of Bishop Nils Bolander, and daughter, Ellen Svensson Hammar (28 October 1865 – 1931), and it has been widely rumored that he had many more extramarital children.


title: Charles XV

text: No subsequent king of Sweden to this day is Charles's descendant. However, his descendants are or have been on the thrones of Denmark, Luxembourg, Greece, Belgium and Norway. A few weeks before Charles's death, his daughter Louise (then the Crown Princess of Denmark) gave birth to her second son. The young Prince of Denmark became christened as grandfather Charles's namesake. In 1905 this grandson, Prince Carl of Denmark, ascended the throne of Norway, becoming thus his maternal grandfather's successor in that country, and assumed the reign name Haakon VII. The present king, Harald V of Norway, is Charles's great-great-grandson, through his father and mother.


title: Matt Schulze

text: Matthew Steven Schulze (born July 3, 1972) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his role as Vince in "The Fast and the Furious" and "Fast Five".


title: Matt Schulze

text: Schulze was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He grew up in St. Louis and has spent a good deal of time in the rough neighborhoods of East St. Louis. At age 16, he moved to Atlanta, where he had studied guitar at the prestigious Atlanta Institute of Music.


title: Matt Schulze

text: He moved back to St. Louis at age 17 and taught guitar for a year. He moved to Los Angeles in 1992 to be a studio musician, but ended up doing both modeling and acting.


title: Matt Schulze

text: Schulze made his big screen debut in 1998's action film "Blade", as the character Crease. He was also in an episode of "Charmed", titled "Dream Sorcerer", in which he went into the dreams of women and killed them. In 1999, Schulze was cast in a leading role in Woody Keith's film "Dementia (1999 film)". His next film was the teen comedy "Boys and Girls", where he had a small role as Paul. In 2001, he starred in "Downward Angel". The same year he also appeared in "The Fast and the Furious". Schulze returned in "Blade II" playing Bloodpack vampire assassin Chupa, and in the same year Schulze was cast as another villain in "The Transporter". In 2004, he appeared in "Torque".


title: Matt Schulze

text: Since then he has appeared in films including "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things", "Seven Mummies", and "Final Move". He has also appeared in an episode of "" and "". He appeared in two films in 2007: "The Flock" and "Mr. Brooks". In 2008, Schulze wrote, directed, and starred in the web series film "The Acquirer" (Episode 1). The film was shot on location in Paris, France, and was filmed entirely in high definition. Schulze stars opposite Tom Sizemore as Lucien, an international jewellery thief.


title: Matt Schulze

text: He returned for the fifth installment of the "Fast & Furious" franchise, "Fast Five", reprising his role as Vince.


title: The One Show

text: The One Show is a British television magazine and chat show programme. Broadcast live on BBC One weeknights at 7:00 pm, it features topical stories and studio guests. It is currently co-hosted by Alex Jones, Jermaine Jenas, and Ronan Keating. Various reporters also assist with subject-specific presenting, both in the studio and on location, or through filmed segments. Originally produced in Birmingham and then in the BBC Media Village in White City, London, since 2014 the studio has been based in Broadcasting House, the BBC's headquarters in London.


title: The One Show

text: Launched with a pilot series in 2006, leading to a full series from 2007, it has had various previous permanent and temporary hosts. After initial low ratings, the partnership of Adrian Chiles and Christine Lampard from 2007 to 2010 has been credited with boosting ratings and establishing the show as a popular staple of British viewing. The longest-serving partnership was between Jones and Matt Baker, who hosted together between 2011 and 2020.


title: The One Show

text: The programme is usually 30 minutes long, although it is occasionally extended to an hour. It runs all year round, apart from a two-week break at Christmas and a four-week summer holiday, with the summer slot filled with a highlights show, "The One Show: Best of British", presented by Matt Allwright and Lucy Siegle.


title: The One Show

text: Launching the full series represented a major financial commitment for the BBC, and was seen by it as a first test of a wide-ranging restructuring of the BBC's production arm into a more flexible and creative organisation, with the show seen as a potential platform for piloting other programme ideas.


title: The One Show

text: As a topical magazine programme, "The One Show" covers a variety of stories, ranging from light-hearted humour to serious issues or tragic current events. The broadcast features a mix of in-studio presenting, outside live broadcasting, and pre-recorded segments. Reporters and other experts are included to provide contributions on various topics, both in the studio and as part of segments. Special guests are usually introduced at the top of the show, and remain throughout, often being encouraged to interact with it in various ways, as opposed to simply answering questions.


title: The One Show

text: Inside the studio, videotaping is done in front of a small standing audience, and focuses on two sofas (one for the two presenters, one for guests and contributors) arranged around a coffee table, often serving a practical use, e.g. during food tasting. Use of the forecourt of Broadcasting House for outside live broadcasts is common, allowing for a larger audience and/or a bigger stage for a performance or demonstration.


title: The One Show

text: The show often takes an active part in events such as Comic Relief/Sport Relief and Children in Need. Cross-promotion of other BBC shows is common, although under BBC rules the show cannot give the BBC preferential coverage.


title: The One Show

text: Typically the show airs in a 7pm timeslot on BBC One, however it is occasionally moved later in the evening or to BBC Two to allow BBC One to broadcast extended breaking news coverage or due to overrunning sports events such as Wimbledon.


title: The One Show

text: "The One Show" was initially commissioned for a four-week trial run. It was broadcast on weeknights at 6:55 pm between 14 August and 8 September 2006. The programme was billed as a topical magazine show that was to showcase stories of interest from around the United Kingdom. The trial was hosted by Adrian Chiles and Nadia Sawalha, featuring reports from a variety of people across the UK. The show was intended to be an updated version of the BBC news magazine show "Nationwide" (1969–83).


title: The One Show

text: After favourable viewing figures for the pilot, the show returned for a full series after being revamped on 9 July 2007. Team members were Adrian Chiles, studio presenter, Hardeep Singh Kohli, head roving reporter, and 13 other reporters or contributors. A number of changes were made to the format. The show was moved from Birmingham to London. Sawalha was replaced by Myleene Klass. Klass then left in August to give birth to her first child, and was replaced by Christine Bleakley. The line-up was completed by the addition of a new team of reporters. The show replaced "Real Story", and "Holiday".


title: The One Show

text: The show's 400th episode aired on 18 March 2009; this was an hour in length instead of the usual 30 minutes. From September 2009, "The One Show" included a 60-minute episode every week, after successfully trying the format in May 2009. The hour-long format continued until December 2009, and was revived in April 2011.


title: The One Show

text: On 13 April 2010, it was announced the show was being revamped with an hour-long Friday episode, to be hosted by Chris Evans. He was not due to start until after the summer break, but prior to this, both Chiles and Bleakley left the show. Chiles departed first, this being announced on 19 April, his last appearance being on 30 April. His replacement was announced on 26 May as Jason Manford, to begin in July. Bleakley continued alongside stand-ins until the last show before the break, on 10 June 2010, with her departure confirmed during the break, on 8 July. The BBC had also confirmed that following the break, "The One Show" would be broadcast in high-definition, with the set updated to HD standards.


title: The One Show

text: The show returned on 12 July with stand-in presenters. On 26 July, S4C presenter Alex Jones was announced as the new female co-host. The new lineup of Jones and Manford on Monday to Thursday, and Jones and Evans on Friday, did not debut until the week beginning 16 August, Evans' first show being Friday 20 August.


title: The One Show

text: On Friday 19 November, it was announced Manford was resigning; his last show had aired that Wednesday, for – owing to the Children in Need telethon being on Friday – Chris Evans had presented the end-of-week episode on Thursday. Filling in, Jones was joined by guest presenters including Matt Baker, Alexander Armstrong, and Matt Allwright on Monday to Thursday, with Evans also presenting extra episodes on occasion.


title: The One Show

text: The show began broadcasting from New Broadcasting House on 6 January 2014 with revamped opening title sequence graphics. The opening sequence is also enhanced for the run-up to Christmas each year with extra vocals and visual sparkle.


title: The One Show

text: On 25 January 2011, Matt Baker was announced as Manford's replacement. On 19 June 2015 it was announced Evans would be leaving, his last show being 10 July 2015. Following the departure of Evans, the Friday show has been presented by Jones alongside various guest presenters, the first being Patrick Kielty on 17 July.


title: The One Show

text: On 26 January 2015, an FA Cup draw was performed on the show for the first time, for the 2014–15 FA Cup Fifth Round Proper. The BBC regained the broadcasting rights for the Cup from that season and since then, draws have been a semi-regular occurrence on the programme.


title: The One Show

text: On 1 February 2016, the show broadcast an extended one-hour tribute to TV and radio host Sir Terry Wogan, who had died the previous day. This format was repeated (albeit for the usual 30-minute duration) on 31 March 2016 as a tribute to comedian Ronnie Corbett who had died earlier in the day.


title: The One Show

text: On 17 May 2016, the show broadcast a 25-minute "EastEnders" special, "EastEnders: Last Orders", to mark the end of the era of the character Peggy Mitchell, who was to be leaving the soap for the final time; the show went out live from Albert Square, with cast members talking about Peggy and the show itself.


title: The One Show

text: On 6 January 2017, Jones presented her last show before going on maternity leave; guest presenters Angela Scanlon and Michelle Ackerley began to take over for Jones effective 9 January. Jones called into the show on 26 January to announce that she had given birth to a baby boy.


title: The One Show

text: In April 2019, Jones went on maternity leave for a second time. Jones' maternity cover was provided by: Michelle Ackerley, Angellica Bell, and Angela Scanlon, among others.


title: The One Show

text: On 4 December 2019, Matt Baker announced he would leave the show in Spring 2020 to spend more time with his family, but reassured viewers that he will continue to work with the BBC. Baker left on 31 March 2020, and the BBC confirmed that he would not be replaced, with the programme instead relying on guest hosts to present alongside Jones on a permanent basis.


title: The One Show

text: In July 2020, "The One Show" aired its 3,000th edition. It aired on 3 July, and was presented by Alex Jones and Alex Scott.


title: The One Show

text: In April 2021, the BBC announced Jermaine Jenas and Ronan Keating as "new permanent co-presenters." Jenas presents Mondays to Wednesdays and Keating on Thursdays and Fridays. Speaking on "The One Show" that evening, Jones said: "we'll still have Amol, and Alex Scott, and Rylan, and the lovely Michael Ball popping in now and again, as well."


title: The One Show

text: The pilot show was transmitted from a temporary studio built at The Mailbox complex in Birmingham. It was produced by BBC Birmingham, with production input from various BBC regions. When "The One Show" returned for a full series, it was moved to BBC Media Village in White City, London, in 2007. It moved again to Broadcasting House in January 2014.


title: The One Show

text: On 23 February 2011, the fire alarm at the BBC White City studios went off, causing the programme to be taken off air and the remainder of the show was replaced with a recording of "Nigel Slater's Simple Suppers".


title: The One Show

text: In 2014, the show was attracting an average daily audience of 5 million viewers. It received its lowest ever audience on Friday 24 June 2011, with just 1.92 million tuning in; the reason for this unusually low figure was because the show was unexpectedly moved to BBC Two after a Wimbledon match overran. The trend to a Friday ratings slump coincided with Evans' being handed the role of co-host for the pre-weekend edition in early 2011. The show shed two million viewers for the Friday edition after Evans joined the programme.


title: The One Show

text: A popular unofficial companion podcast "The The One Show Show" launched in 2018. Presented by writer and comedian Jon Holmes with co-host Marc Haynes and guests, it "takes a deep dive into TV's shallowest programme". The weekly show (in two parts) analyses "The One Show" in forensic detail with presenters, segues, film items and studio guests being mined for laughs. A live version of the podcast sold out the London Podcast Festival in 2019 with guest Fi Glover. Other notable guests have included Jane Garvey and Jay Rayner, who resigned from his "One Show" presenting job on the podcast.


title: The One Show

text: Carol Thatcher did not have her short-term contract as a "One Show" roving reporter renewed after the BBC refused to accept her apology following an allegedly racist comment made in January 2009 following filming. It was made during a private conversation between her, presenter Adrian Chiles and guest, comedian Jo Brand, but the comment was subsequently reported to BBC staff. Thatcher argued that the comment had been meant in jest, and that she considered the way the incident had been handled to be a breach of trust, for which she expected an apology from the BBC.


title: The One Show

text: On 15 September 2011, "The One Show" presenters introduced what they described as a new member of "The One Show" family, dog trainer Jordan Shelley.


title: The One Show

text: The following day, he was shown treating a problem of food guarding by a Jack Russell Terrier. Using confrontational methods, he forced the dog away from the bowl, stepping on its foot and getting bitten in the process. Presenter Alex Jones remarked that "some people out there might argue that some of your techniques were a little aggressive".


title: The One Show

text: On 30 November 2011, over 21,000 complaints were received because Jeremy Clarkson made two allegedly offensive comments on the show, one in relation to the recent public sector strikes, and another on suicide. "The One Show" apologised for the suicide comment. The incident registered 763 complaints to regulator OFCOM, the third highest recorded in 2011.


title: The One Show

text: Two jokes told by comedian Jimmy Carr on 4 November 2015 episode were referred to regulator Ofcom for investigation regarding their potentially discriminatory nature. The jokes were found to be in breach of their broadcasting code, leading the BBC to alter its existing arrangements for ensuring guests do not swear or use offensive language, to also explicitly discourage jokes made at the expense of minorities.


title: The One Show

text: The BBC received complaints that while being interviewed in January 2014 about the issue of benefit reform, the Labour Party supporter and television presenter Paul O'Grady was not adequately challenged on his views, described as forthright in their condemnation of the Channel 4 documentary, "Benefits Street". The BBC responded by arguing that a variety of opinions had been heard, and that balance need not be addressed simply through a single programme.


title: The One Show

text: Singer Rita Ora generated hundreds of complaints to the BBC over her choice of clothing for a 5 January 2015 appearance on the show, in which she wore a trouser suit with nothing underneath the jacket, the fit of which exposed her full cleavage. The BBC defended her clothing as being broadly in line with most viewers' expectations of a pop star's choice of attire, while also making clear it would have requested a more modest outfit had she consulted with them first.


title: Mark McGowan

text: Mark McGowan (born 13 July 1967) is an Australian politician, the 30th premier of Western Australia, and the leader of the Western Australian branch of the Labor Party.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan was born and raised in Newcastle, New South Wales. He attended the University of Queensland and worked as a legal officer for the Royal Australian Navy, serving at naval base , south of Perth. Settling in Western Australia, he was elected as a councillor for the City of Rockingham from 1994, and was later elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly at the 1996 election, representing the district of Rockingham. In 2001, he was made Parliamentary Secretary to Premier Geoff Gallop, and was later a Cabinet Minister in both the Gallop and Carpenter Governments from 2005 to 2008.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan was elected as Leader of the Labor Party in Western Australia following the resignation of Eric Ripper, and became Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly. Although he led Labor to defeat at the 2013 election, he retained his position as leader, and embarked upon a "listening tour" of the state, pledging to restore Labor's credibility with voters. McGowan subsequently grew in popularity, and went on to lead Labor to a landslide victory at the 2017 election, winning the largest majority government in the state's history at the time. He was subsequently appointed the 30th Premier of Western Australia.


title: Mark McGowan

text: Throughout 2020, McGowan led Western Australia's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, during which time he reached a record-breaking approval rating for an Australian premier of 91%. At the 2021 election, he led his party to an even larger majority, winning 53 out of 59 seats in the Legislative Assembly, and also winning a majority in the Legislative Council, the largest victory in terms of both vote share and proportion of lower house seats occupied in any Australian state or federal election since federation.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan was born into a family of Irish descent in Newcastle, New South Wales, and was educated at public schools in Casino and Coffs Harbour, before obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1987 and a Bachelor of Laws in 1989 from the University of Queensland. He joined the Australian Labor Party in 1984, stating that he was inspired by the leadership of Prime Minister Bob Hawke. In 1989, he joined the Royal Australian Navy as a legal officer. He served at the naval base , reaching the rank of lieutenant. In 1996, he was awarded a Commendation for Brave Conduct, for actions he took on service in 1995 for rescuing an unconscious driver from a burning car.


title: Mark McGowan

text: In 1994, after settling with his family in Western Australia, McGowan was elected to the City of Rockingham Council, and in 1995 was appointed Deputy Mayor. He was subsequently pre-selected to run for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly in the seat of Rockingham at the 1996 election, following the retirement of long-serving MP Mike Barnett.


title: Mark McGowan

text: At the 2001 election, Labor defeated the Liberal–National Government; new Premier Geoff Gallop chose to appoint McGowan as his Parliamentary Secretary. McGowan was also responsible for chairing the state's ANZAC Committee, the group managing the Western Australia's 175th anniversary celebrations in 2004, and for chairing the Bali Memorial Steering Committee. In January 2005, following the retirement of federal Labor Leader Mark Latham from politics, McGowan was criticised in some quarters for taking unapproved leave to travel to Sydney to lobby for Kim Beazley's return to the federal leadership; Gallop reprimanded McGowan and ordered him to return to Perth.


title: Mark McGowan

text: Following Labor's win at the 2005 election, Gallop reshuffled his Ministry, and promoted McGowan to the role of Minister for Tourism, Racing and Gaming. Later that year, following Gallop's retirement, McGowan was moved to the role of Minister for the Environment by new Premier Alan Carpenter. During his time in the Ministry, McGowan introduced major liquor reforms, including the introduction of small bars, created the Department of Environment and Conservation, and provided approval for the Gorgon Project.


title: Mark McGowan

text: In December 2006, following the resignation of Ljiljanna Ravlich, Carpenter appointed McGowan to replace her as Minister for Education and Training. In this portfolio, McGowan oversaw the replacement of outcomes-based education with syllabus documents, re-established traditional forms of marking and reporting, and launched a renewed effort towards the attraction and retention of teachers.


title: Mark McGowan

text: In April 2008, McGowan was criticised by some for referring to ex-Labor MP John D'Orazio as "the worst ethnic branch stacker in the history of Labor in Western Australia"; both McGowan and Premier Carpenter apologised for the remarks. McGowan later apologised to anyone who took offence to the remark. The issue returned to the media spotlight when it was revealed that McGowan had had some dealings over fundraising with the controversial politician Brian Burke during the 2005 election.


title: Mark McGowan

text: After Labor's defeat at the 2008 election, Alan Carpenter resigned as Leader of the Labor Party in Western Australia; McGowan was considered one of several contenders to replace him, but he chose not to run, instead supporting the eventual winner Eric Ripper, who was elected unopposed. McGowan did choose to contest the election for Deputy Leader, but lost to newcomer Roger Cook by 30 votes to 9. Ripper appointed McGowan to the Shadow Ministry as Shadow Minister for State Development, Trade, Planning, Housing and Works, and was also appointed as Manager of Opposition Business in the Legislative Assembly.


title: Mark McGowan

text: On 17 January 2012, following declining performances in opinion polls, Eric Ripper announced that he would resign as Leader of the Opposition. At a caucus meeting on 23 January, McGowan was elected unopposed as Ripper's successor, becoming Leader of the Opposition. Despite an initial improvement in Labor's standing in opinion polls, Labor ultimately suffered a 5.4 percent swing against it at the 2013 election, losing five seats. Despite this, McGowan was not blamed for the loss, and was unanimously confirmed as party leader by his colleagues.


title: Mark McGowan

text: After Labor's 2013 defeat, McGowan launched a "listening tour" of the state, pledging that he would enact policy reforms to address the reasons for Labor suffering two defeats in a row. Soon after this process, opinion polls began to show increasingly large swings of support away from the second-term Barnett Government. By 2015, McGowan had reached a comfortable lead in polls as preferred Premier of Western Australia, and retained this position until the following election.


title: Mark McGowan

text: At the 2017 election, McGowan led the Labor Party to one of its most comprehensive victories at either the state or territory level since Federation. Labor won 41 of the 59 seats available on 55.5 percent of the two-party vote, the largest majority government in Western Australian history. Labor also took 20 seats off the incumbent Liberal-WA National government on a swing of 12.8 percent, the worst defeat of a sitting government in Western Australian history. Seven members of Barnett's cabinet were defeated, including Nationals Leader Brendon Grylls. His own margin in Rockingham swelled from an already comfortably safe 13.2 percent to 23.4 percent.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan's win was built primarily on the strength of a dominating performance in Perth. Labor picked up a swing of 13.6 percent in Perth and took all but nine of the capital's 43 seats, accounting for almost all of its majority. According to Antony Green of ABC News, the 10-point swing Labor theoretically needed to win was not as daunting as it seemed on paper. Besides the one vote one value reforms in 2008 that allowed Perth to elect over 70 percent of the legislature, much of the Liberals' 2013 margin was built on inflated margins in Perth's outer suburbs.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan was sworn in by Governor Kerry Sanderson as the 30th Premier of Western Australia on 17 March 2017. Early in his premiership, McGowan moved to limit the number of pathways for foreign workers to enter the state, re-committed to terminating the controversial Perth Freight Link highway project, which had proved extremely unpopular in large parts of the state, and he restructured various government departments. McGowan also introduced unlimited fines and life imprisonment for people deemed to be trafficking methamphetamine, and worked to expand Chinese investment in Western Australia.


title: Mark McGowan

text: On 1 May 2018, Kim Beazley was sworn in to a four-year term as governor upon the recommendation of McGowan. He was the first ex-politician to become governor since Sir James Mitchell in 1948. His appointment was generally well received, although some people had reservations that a republican had become the Queen's representative and that Beazley was close friends with McGowan.


title: Mark McGowan

text: Throughout 2020 and 2021, McGowan led Western Australia's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He acted early to close the state's borders to the rest of the country on 5 April. In July 2020, businessman Clive Palmer claimed that the closing of the borders was unconstitutional and launched a legal challenge in the Federal Court. The case was defeated, and in response McGowan labelled Palmer an "enemy of the state". Shortly afterwards, McGowan's popularity in opinion polls dramatically increased, reaching 91% approval in September 2020, a record for any Australian premier.


title: Mark McGowan

text: In January 2021, McGowan criticised the New South Wales Government's response and attitude towards the pandemic, contrasting it with that of his own Government's response. In March 2021, he suggested that some internal Australian border controls could be continued after the pandemic, on the grounds that they had helped to keep illegal drugs out of Western Australia, but clarified later that he meant to suggest only an increased police presence at border checkpoints, rather than completely sealing the border.


title: Mark McGowan

text: In the lead up to the 2021 election, WA Labor raced out to a large lead in opinion polls, leading to speculation that the McGowan Government would be reelected with another record majority. Labor approached 70% in the two-party preferred polls, with McGowan maintaining a personal approval rating of 88%. Opposition Leader Zak Kirkup took the unprecedented step of conceding the election more than a fortnight before election day. On 13 March 2021, WA Labor won the most comprehensive victory, in terms of vote share and percentage of seats controlled, at any level in Australia since Federation. Labor took 69.7 percent of the two-party vote and picked up a 13-seat swing, ultimately winning 53 out of 59 seats, including all but one in Perth. Labor even managed to defeat Kirkup in his own seat. McGowan's own margin in Rockingham increased to 37.7 percent, making Rockingham the safest seat in the state.


title: Mark McGowan

text: Claiming victory, McGowan stated that the victory was "beyond humbling" and pledged that the Government would work to retain the support of the majority of Western Australians.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan announced his new cabinet on 18 March 2021. Among various changes, he opted to serve as his own treasurer, after Ben Wyatt, the previous treasurer, retired at the 2021 election. The two other ministers viewed as possible candidates, Roger Cook and Rita Saffioti, had existing important roles that McGowan wanted them to continue with. Cook was health minister and thus had an important role in the state's COVID-19 response, and Saffioti was transport and planning minister, overseeing the government's Metronet project. Prior to 2001, WA premiers generally served as their own treasurers, but since then, the only premier to hold that position before McGowan was Colin Barnett briefly in 2010, 2012 and 2014.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan announced the formation of a panel to examine potential reform of the Western Australian Legislative Council voting system soon after the 2021 election, after denying he would implement reforms to the Legislative Council voting system several times during the election. The panel was led by former Governor of Western Australia Malcolm McCusker, and consisted of four electoral and constitutional law experts. McGowan and Electoral Affairs Minister John Quigley said the election of Wilson Tucker was a key reason for their change of mind. In September 2021, McGowan announced the changes to be made to the voting system, including abolishing regions in the Legislative Council, and removing group voting tickets. Also that month, he handed down the Western Australian state budget, which recorded a sizeable surplus of $5.6 billion.


title: Mark McGowan

text: On 13 December 2021, McGowan announced that Western Australia would fully open its borders to COVID-19 vaccinated people from interstate and overseas on 5 February 2022. On 20 January 2022, McGowan reversed his decision on the plan for Western Australia to fully open its borders, saying that the Omicron variant of COVID-19 was more contagious than previous variants of the virus and that the state's vaccination booster levels were not high enough to safely reopen to the world. A February opinion poll showed that his approval rating had decreased to 64%, the lowest during the pandemic, but still comparatively high to premiers in other states. On 18 February, McGowan announced the border would reopen on 3 March for people from outside Australia and triple vaccinated people from interstate.


title: Mark McGowan

text: When Beazley's term as governor finished in 2022, McGowan recommended WA Police Commissioner Chris Dawson as his replacement. Dawson was sworn in on 15 July 2022.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan has described his political strategy as "centrist", saying "you have got to appeal to everyone". He credited that strategy as one of the reasons for his 2021 landslide election.


title: Mark McGowan

text: McGowan is one of six Labor MPs in the current state parliament that is not factionally aligned as of 2021.


title: Dueling scar

text: Dueling scars () have been seen as a "badge of honour" since as early as 1825. Known variously as "' scars", "the bragging scar", "smite", "'" or "", dueling scars were popular amongst upper-class Austrians and Germans involved in academic fencing at the start of the 20th century. Being a practice amongst University students, it was seen as a mark of their class and honour, due to the status of dueling societies at German and Austrian universities at the time. The practice of dueling and the associated scars was also present to some extent in the German military.


title: Dueling scar

text: Foreign tourists visiting Germany in the late 19th century were shocked to see the students, generally with their , at major German universities such as Heidelberg, Bonn, or Jena with facial scars – some older, some more recent, and some still wrapped in bandages.


title: Dueling scar

text: The sport of academic fencing at the time was very different from modern fencing using specially developed swords. The so-called (or simply , 'hitter') existed in two versions. The most common weapon is the with a basket-type guard. In some universities in the eastern part of Germany, the so-called is in use which is equipped with a bell-shaped guard. The individual duels between students, known as , were somewhat ritualised. In some cases, protective clothing was worn, including padding on the arm and an eye guard.


title: Dueling scar

text: The culture of dueling scars was mainly common in Germany and Austria, to a lesser extent some Central European countries and briefly at places such as Oxford, and some other elite universities. German military laws permitted men to wage duels of honor until World War I. During the Third Reich the was prohibited at all Universities following the party line.


title: Dueling scar

text: Within the duel, it was seen as ideal and a way of showing courage to be able to stand and take the blow, as opposed to inflicting the wound. It was important to show one's dueling prowess, but also that one was capable of taking the wound that was inflicted.


title: Dueling scar

text: As the scars were gained in this particular elite social context, associated with status and an academic institution, the scars showed that one had courage and also was "good husband material". The dueling scars, while obvious, were not so serious as to leave a person disfigured or bereft of facial features. The scars were even judged by Otto von Bismarck to be a sign of bravery, and men's courage could be judged "by the number of scars on their cheeks".


title: Dueling scar

text: Minority groups in Germany also indulged in the practice, some seeing it as an aid in their social situation. In 1874, William Osler, then a medical student on a visit to Berlin, described "one hopeful young Spanish American of my acquaintance who has one half of his face – they are usually on the left half – laid out in the most irregular manner, the cicatrices running in all directions, enclosing areas of all shapes, the relics of fourteen duels."


title: Dueling scar

text: Because "Mensur" swords are wielded with one hand and most fencers are right-handed, "Mensur" scars were usually targeted to the left profile, so the right profile appeared untouched. Experienced fencers, who had fought many bouts, often accumulated an array of scars. A duelist who died in 1877 "fought no less than thirteen duels but had 137 scars on the head, face and neck".


title: Dueling scar

text: The wounds were generally not that serious, "wounds causing, as a rule, but temporary inconvenience and leaving in their traces a perpetual witness of a fight well fought. The hurts, save when inflicted in the nose, lip, or ear, are not even necessarily painful, and unless the injured man indulges too freely in drink, causing them to swell and get red, very bad scars can be avoided. The swords used are so razor-like that they cut without bruising so that the lips of the wounds can be closely pressed, leaving no great disfigurement, such, for example, as is brought about by the loss of an ear."