title: Krio language

text: Spontaneous language sample analysis is critical when evaluating and monitoring progress in communication and language acquisition.


title: Krio language

text: Krio is used (incorrectly) early in the 2006 film "Blood Diamond" between Danny Archer (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) and a character named Commander Zero.


title: Krio language

text: It can also be heard in the music video for "Diamonds from Sierra Leone", a song by American rapper Kanye West.


title: Krio language

text: In 2007, work was completed on an unsanctioned, dubbed Krio version of Franco Zeffirelli's 1977 film "Jesus of Nazareth". The dubs were recorded by a team of over 14 native Krio speakers, over a period of 9 months in the Lungi region of Sierra Leone. The film aired on ABC-TV and a limited run of 300 copies were produced, which were mostly sold in Lungi and Freetown.


title: Krio language

text: The first feature-length documentary entirely spoken in Krio is Boris Gerrets' film "Shado’man" (2014). It was shot in Freetown at night with a group of homeless disabled people. The film premiered at the IDFA documentary festival in Amsterdam and was seen in festivals around the world including FESPACO, the biannual Pan-African film festival in Ouagadougou.


title: Krio language

text: Peter Grant, the protagonist of Ben Aaronovitch's "Rivers of London" series, is the London-born son of an immigrant from Sierra Leone. While speaking English with other characters, he speaks Krio with his mother. Aaronovitch includes some such conversations in his text, leaving the reader to puzzle out what was said.


title: Lal Jose

text: Lal Jose is an Indian director, actor, producer and distributor who works in the Malayalam film industry. He started his career as an Assistant director in the Malayalam cinema. His directorial debut was with the 1998 film "Oru Maravathoor Kanavu".


title: Lal Jose

text: Lal Jose started his film career as an assistant director to Kamal. Lal Jose worked on a slew of Kamal's films during the 1990s. His popular films include "Chandranudikkunna Dikhil" (1999), "Meesa Madhavan" (2002), "Chanthupottu" (2005), "Classmates" (2006), "Arabikkatha" (2007), "Neelathaamara" (2009), "Diamond Necklace" (2012), "Ayalum Njanum Thammil" (2012), "Immanuel" (2013), and "Vikramadithyan" (2014).


title: Lal Jose

text: Born in Valapad in Thrissur, Kerala to Jose and Lilly, Lal Jose did his schooling at NSS KPT School and NSS College, Ottapalam. He is married to Leena. The couple have two daughters, Irene and Catherine. After completing his degree, he left for Chennai, with an aim of getting into movies. He got into the world of cinema by assisting noted director Kamal. He worked with Kamal in 16 films, from "Pradheshika Varthakkal" to "Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu". He worked as associate director to prominent filmmakers like Thampy Kannamthanam, Lohithadas, Harikumar, Vinayan, K. K. Haridas, and Nizar.


title: Lal Jose

text: In 1998, he made his debut as an independent director with "Oru Maravathoor Kanavu", which starred Mammootty and was scripted by Sreenivasan. Producer Siyad Koker asked Lal Jose to direct a film for him. The film Oru Maravathoor Kanavu was a success for him.


title: Lal Jose

text: In 2002 Lal Jose, teaming up with screenwriter "Ranjan Pramod", who had earlier scripted "Randaam Bhavam", came up with "Meesa Madhavan", which was a milestone in his career along with that of Dileep. "Meesa Madhavan" was a hit and established Dileep in the industry. But Lal Jose proved his critics wrong in the year 2005 with "Chanthupottu", starring Dileep. The box-office success of "Chanthupottu" took Lal Jose's career to new heights. In 2006, Lal Jose directed "Achanurangatha Veedu", a low-budget film, which failed to bring audiences to the movie halls, though it won critical appreciation.


title: Lal Jose

text: In 2006, Jose's film "Classmates" was released without much publicity, with no big stars, but became the highest-grossing film in Malayalam, until its record was broken by "" two years later. In 2007, he did "Arabikkatha", with Sreenivasan in a leading role. "Arabikkatha" was critically and commercially a big hit. His next movie was "Mulla", starring Dileep. In 2009, Lal Jose directed "Neelathamara", written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair, which was a remake of the 30-year-old movie with the same name. It was accepted well by the critics and the masses. He directed a story with Mammootty as lead in "Kerala Cafe" in 2010. He then directed the hit film "Elsamma Enna Aankutty" without multistars. In 2011, he became a judge on a reality show on Surya TV called "Vivel Active Fair Big Break", where the winner would be the heroine in his next movie.


title: Lal Jose

text: Music composer VidyaSagar has worked on 12 films out of Lal Jose's total 22 feature-length films. Sukumari had acted on 12 films, whereas Salim Kumar in 10 and Biju Menon in 9 and Dileep, Indrajith, Jagathy Sreekumar and Suraj Venjaramoodu were appeared on 7 films. Dubbing artiste Sreeja Ravi works as heroine voice for many films.


title: Cross Ange

text: , also known as simply Cross Ange, is a Japanese mecha anime television series produced by Sunrise that aired from October 2014 to March 2015. A manga adaptation began publication in August 2014.


title: Cross Ange

text: Through the development of groundbreaking information transfer and material generation technology called "Mana", various problems, such as pollution and war have disappeared, and days of peace have arrived in the world. However, the people who receive the benefit of the Mana live in a false peace. Those who cannot use the Mana, referred to by the derogatory term "Norma", who are seen as an opposition to the structures of society, live in oppression. Because this is the norm, the people who use Mana do not question it.


title: Cross Ange

text: The first princess of the Misurugi Empire, Angelise Ikaruga Misurugi, was convinced of the belief of exterminating the Norma. But on the day she turned 16, and was baptised, her elder brother, Julio, exposed her as a Norma to the public. Angelise, bewildered by the revelation that she herself was a Norma all along, turns into a target of hate by the people in the blink of an eye and is exiled to Arzenal, an isolated military base where Norma are conscripted into service against their will to fight interdimensional creatures known as DRAGONs, and starts her new life as the Norma soldier named Ange.


title: Cross Ange

text: As she struggles to adjust to her new identity, Ange's now stormy life takes one surprising turn after another as she embarks on a personal quest to correct the world she lives in, all while learning there may be a bigger conspiracy involving the DRAGONs, the world she lives in, and mana itself.


title: Cross Ange

text: A manga adaptation drawn by Kenjirō Takeshita was published between August 3, 2014 and June 28, 2015 on Kadokawa Shoten's ComicWalker website and collected in three volumes.


title: Cross Ange

text: A light-hearted high-school-themed 4koma parody manga "Cross Ange: Academy of Angels and Dragons" drawn by Osaji was published on ComicWalker between October 5, 2014 and March 29, 2015. Each strip followed an anime episode. The manga was compiled in two volumes.


title: Cross Ange

text: The anime series is produced by Sunrise and aired between October 5, 2014 and March 29, 2015 on Tokyo MX, MBS, TVA, BS11. The first opening theme is by Nana Mizuki, and the first ending theme is by Eri Kitamura. The second opening theme is " by Yoko Takahashi, and the second ending theme is by Mizuki. The insert song featured in episodes five, nine, and twenty-two is "Necessary" by Mizuki.


title: Cross Ange

text: The series was licensed by Sentai Filmworks for a digital and home media release in North America. Madman Entertainment also licensed the series for streaming in Australia and New Zealand. The series was picked up by Crunchyroll for streaming in North America and other select parts of the world.


title: Cross Ange

text: An action shooter game for the PlayStation Vita titled "Cross Ange: Rondo of Angels and Dragons tr." was released on May 28, 2015. The player character is Naomi, who died in the original anime series before Ange arrives in Arzenal. The game features multiple endings depending on player choices. "Cross Ange" was included in the crossover games "Super Robot Wars V" and "Super Robot Wars X".


title: Srinu Vaitla

text: Srinu Vaitla (born 24 September 1972) is an Indian film director who works in Telugu cinema. Known for his best film works in the action comedy genre, Vaitla made his directional debut with "Nee Kosam" (1999) starring Ravi Teja and Maheswari. His second directorial venture "Anandam" (2001) gave him recognition as a director. He went on to direct many Telugu films such as "Sontham", "Venky", "Dhee", "Dubai Seenu", "Ready", "King", "Dookudu", and "Baadshah." Since his film "Venky", he has successfully collaborated with Kona Venkat and Gopi Mohan who guide him in writing screenplay in further of his films.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: Justin Aaron Jackson (born March 28, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played basketball in the Homeschool Christian Youth Association (HCYA) and later went on to play college basketball with the North Carolina Tar Heels. The small forward took part in the 2014 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, and was named co-MVP along with Jahlil Okafor.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: Jackson was picked fifteenth overall by the Portland Trail Blazers in the 2017 NBA draft before being traded to the Sacramento Kings on draft night. He won an NBA championship with the Milwaukee Bucks in 2021.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: Jackson played basketball for Homeschool Christian Youth Association (HCYA), a nonprofit Christian service organization created to serve home school families and students in Houston and the surrounding area. He led the Warriors to a national championship in the 2012 season, and won the Sullivan Award, which is awarded to the top homeschool basketball player of the year. He continued to shine in his final year, averaging 31.5 points and 9.1 rebounds in his successful last season. Jackson became known as one of the most potent high school athletes in the nation which promptly triggered a highly publicized recruitment. He was given offers by Baylor, Georgetown, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, Texas, Texas A&M, Virginia, Virginia Tech, and Washington. Jackson was rated a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, ESPN, and 247Sports.com. Eventually, the small forward signed with North Carolina. He was marked as one of the top players in the Class of 2014.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: Following his years with HCYA, Jackson was named to the 2014 McDonald's All-American Boys Game on January 29, 2014. After scoring the first few points of the game, the North Carolina recruit was named co-MVP with Jahlil Okafor. Jackson ended with 23 points off 11-of-12 shooting, making him the game's top scorer. He also won the Jack Daly Award for sportsmanship.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: In his freshman season, Jackson was selected to the ACC All-Freshman team and helped his team reach the championship of the 2015 ACC tournament. In his sophomore season, Jackson helped his team win the 2016 ACC tournament and reach the 2016 national championship. In his junior season, Jackson won ACC Player of the Year, was selected as First-team All ACC, and was named a consensus first-team All-American in 2017.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: Jackson scored sixteen points and picked up four rebounds in the Tar Heels' sixth championship title in the 2017 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: Jackson was selected with the 15th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers. He was traded on draft day, along with Harry Giles, to the Sacramento Kings in exchange for Zach Collins. On July 8, 2017, he signed a 4-year, $13.5 million rookie scale contract with the Kings.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On February 6, 2019, Jackson was traded, along with Zach Randolph, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for Harrison Barnes. On September 24, the Mavericks exercised Jackson's $5 million team option for the 2020–21 season.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On November 27, 2020, Jackson, Trevor Ariza, a 2023 second-round pick (from either Dallas or Miami), and a 2026 second-round pick were traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in a three-team trade involving the Detroit Pistons. On April 5, 2021, he was waived by the Thunder after 33 appearances.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On April 21, 2021, Jackson signed a two-way contract with the Milwaukee Bucks. He went on to win an NBA championship with the Bucks on July 20, 2021, playing 5 games and averaging 1.2 points per game throughout the 2021 NBA Playoffs. On August 1, the Bucks declined to extend a $1.8 million qualifying offer to Jackson, making him an unrestricted free agent.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On October 15, 2021, Jackson returned to the Dallas Mavericks, but was waived a day later. On October 23, he signed with the Texas Legends as an affiliate player, playing 10 games and averaging 22.7 points, 7.7 rebounds, and 2.9 assists.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On December 29, 2021, Jackson was reacquired and activated by the Texas Legends after his 10-day contract expired. However, he didn't play a game for the team before the Legends started playing again. Jackson took up professional horse racing after the season ended.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On January 5, 2022, Jackson signed a 10-day COVID-19 hardship exemption contract with the Phoenix Suns after waiving Emanuel Terry from the team. During the three games he initially played with the Suns, he averaged 4.3 points and 2.0 rebounds in 7.7 minutes per game in that contract.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On February 1, 2022, Jackson signed a second 10-day contract with the Phoenix Suns, this time under an injury exemption. Jackson was then later released on February 10, 2022.


title: Justin Jackson (basketball, born 1995)

text: On October 15, 2022, Jackson was signed to the Celtics roster to open the 2022-2023 season following a standout performance in the Summer League.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) is a landmark United States federal law which aims to curb inflation by reducing the deficit, lowering prescription drug prices, and investing into domestic energy production while promoting clean energy. It was passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden on August 16, 2022. It is a budget reconciliation bill sponsored by Senators Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and Joe Manchin (D-WV). The bill was the result of negotiations on the proposed Build Back Better Act, which was reduced and comprehensively reworked from its initial proposal after being opposed by Manchin. It was introduced as an amendment to the Build Back Better Act and the legislative text was substituted.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The law, as passed, will raise $738billion and authorize $391billion in spending on energy and climate change, $238billion in deficit reduction, three years of Affordable Care Act subsidies, prescription drug reform to lower prices, and tax reform. The law represents the largest investment into addressing climate change in United States history. It also includes a large expansion and modernization effort for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). According to several independent analyses, the law is projected to reduce 2030 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 2005 levels. The projected impact of the bill on inflation is disputed.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Build Back Better Plan was a legislative framework proposed by United States President Joe Biden between 2020 and 2021. Generally viewed as ambitious in size and scope, it sought to make the largest nationwide public investments in social, infrastructural, and environmental programs since the 1930s Great Depression-fighting policies of the New Deal.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The plan was divided into three parts: one of them, The American Rescue Plan, a COVID-19 relief spending bill, was signed into law in March 2021. The other two parts were reworked into different bills over the course of extensive negotiations within and among Congressional entities. The American Jobs Plan (AJP) was a proposal to address long-neglected infrastructure needs and reduce America's contributions to climate change's destructive effects; the American Families Plan (AFP) was a proposal to fund a variety of social policy initiatives, some of which (e.g. paid family leave) had never before been enacted nationally in the U.S.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Build Back Better Act was a bill introduced in the 117th Congress to fulfill aspects of the Build Back Better Plan. It was spun off from the American Jobs Plan, alongside the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, as a $3.5trillion Democratic reconciliation package that included provisions related to climate change and social policy. Following negotiations, the price was lowered to approximately $2.2trillion. The bill was passed 220–213 by the House of Representatives on November 19, 2021.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: In December 2021, amidst of negotiations and parliamentary procedures, Senator Joe Manchin publicly pulled his support from the bill for its cost and for envisioning a too aggressive transition to clean energy, then subsequently retracted support for his own compromise legislation. This effectively killed the bill as it needed 50 senators to pass via reconciliation, and all 50 Republican senators opposed it. Continued negotiations between Manchin and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer over the course of months eventually resulted in the $738billion Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The sudden deal on the Inflation Reduction Act, which was negotiated in secret and announced on July 27, 2022, was widely regarded as a 'shocker' as Democrats had voiced that there was little hope for a revival of many of their priorities in addition to Manchin himself being rather pessimistic on the prospect in public.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: As the revised bill made its way through the chambers of Congress, the new reality of Biden unexpectedly having a clear path to enacting substantial portions of his domestic agenda into law led to a wide reevaluation of the success of the Biden presidency thus far and was expected to give the President and his party a boost in the 2022 midterm elections.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Build Back Better Act, which passed the House on September 27, 2021, was used by the Senate as the legislative vehicle for this legislation. On August 6, 2022 Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer proposed an amendment which would replace the text of the previously passed bill with the text of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. This substitute amendment was later adopted.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: On August 7, 2022, following the vote-a-rama, an unlimited marathon voting session on amendments, that lasted nearly 16 hours, the Senate passed the bill (as amended) on a 51–50 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor, all Republicans opposed, and Vice President Kamala Harris breaking the tie. On August 12, 2022, the bill was passed by the House on a 220–207 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor and all Republicans voting against it. On August 16, 2022, the bill was signed into law by President Joe Biden.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: $270 billion of the law's climate action investments are embedded in the federal tax code. As part of the overall $158 billion investment into clean energy, the law extended the solar investment tax credit for 10 years and invests $30 billion in nuclear power. It also invests $13 billion in electric vehicle incentives, $14 billion in home energy efficiency upgrades, $22 billion in home energy supply improvements, and $37 billion in advanced manufacturing. $20 billion goes to investments in climate-smart agriculture, more than $5 billion goes to revising remediation programs for those affected by discriminatory USDA lending practices, $5 billion goes to forest protection and urban heat island reductions, and nearly $3 billion goes to coastal habitat protection.<ref name="DOE/OP-0018"></ref>


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The law contains provisions that cap insulin costs at $35/month and will cap out-of-pocket drug costs at $2,000 for people on Medicare, among other provisions.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Several provisions in the initial deal between Schumer and Manchin were changed after negotiations with Senator Sinema: a provision narrowing the carried interest loophole was dropped, a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks was added, manufacturing exceptions were added to the corporate minimum tax, and funding for drought relief for western states was added.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated that the bill would have no statistically significant effect on inflation. The Penn Wharton Budget Model also estimated that the bill would have no statistically significant effect on inflation.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget analyzed the bill and concluded that the "deficit reduction, along with other elements of the bill, is likely to reduce inflationary pressures and thus reduce the risk of a possible recession." It further estimates that the bill would reduce the federal deficit by $1.9trillion over a 20-year period. This figure includes the resulting savings on interest payments.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Tax Foundation, a fiscally conservative think tank, stated that the bill "may actually worsen inflation by constraining the productive capacity of the economy." It estimated the bill would result in a loss of 29,000 full-time equivalent jobs and a 0.2% reduction in GDP, while resulting in $324billion of additional revenues, which would go towards deficit reduction.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Modeling by the Energy Innovation group, a nonpartisan energy and climate think tank, estimated that this bill would lead to the creation of 1.4 million to 1.5 million additional jobs and increase the GDP 0.84–0.88% by 2030.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Inflation Reduction Act is the largest piece of federal legislation ever to address climate change. According to the CBO, it will invest $391 billion in provisions relating to energy security and climate change. This includes $270 billion in tax incentives, and $27 billion for a green bank created by amending the Clean Air Act. In contrast, a report by Credit Suisse projects that the total climate spending in the bill would be significantly higher, at $800 billion. The summary provided by Senate Democrats identifies primary goals as driving down consumer energy costs, increasing energy security, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The largest allocation areas are: $128 billion for renewable energy and grid energy storage, $30 billion for nuclear power, $13 billion for electric vehicle incentives, $14 billion for home energy efficiency upgrades, $22 billion for home energy supply improvements, and $37 billion for advanced manufacturing. An assortment of additional measures includes $32 billion for investments in rural economies, racial justice in farming, forestlands and coastal habitats, $3 billion in tax incentives for installing carbon capture and storage at existing power plants, $3 billion to electrify the USPS fleet, $3 billion to reconnect neighborhoods harmed by infrastructure potentially via freeway removal, investments in sustainable aviation fuel, grants for high voltage electric power transmission and decarbonization of port equipment, garbage trucks, school buses and local government fleets, purchases of rural electric cooperative debt alongside other assistance to cooperatives, and requirements that the government reduce embedded emissions in its procurement process.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The bill aims to decrease residential energy costs by focusing on improvements to home energy efficiency. Measures include $9 billion in home energy rebate programs that focus on improving access to energy efficient technologies, and 10 years of consumer tax credits for the use of heat pumps, rooftop solar, and high-efficiency electric heating, ventilation, air conditioning and water heating. The bill extends the $7,500 tax credit for the purchase of new electric vehicles while also providing a $4,000 tax credit toward the purchase of used electric vehicles, in an effort to increase low- and middle-income access to this technology. This is projected to lead to an average of $500 in savings on energy spending for every family that receives the maximal benefit of these incentives. The bill includes a 30% tax credit ($1,200 to $2,000 per year) and different types of rebates (reaching $14,000) for homeowners who will increase the energy efficiency of their house. In some cases, all upgrade expenses will be returned.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The bill allocates $3 billion for helping disadvantaged communities with transportation matters, including reconnecting communities separated by transport infrastructure, assuring safe and affordable transportation "and community engagement activities." This should improve transit-oriented development. Projects improving connectivity and walkability in these neighborhoods can get grants reaching 80%-100% of the overall cost. The bill also supports biking.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: There are also funds allocated to national clean energy production. This includes the continuation of the production tax credit ($30 billion) and investment tax credit ($10 billion) toward clean energy manufacturing, including solar power, wind power, and grid energy storage. Some $14 billion of the clean energy package will go to rural areas, and include building biofuel infrastructure.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The bill also provides funds toward the decarbonization of the economy in other areas, providing various tax credits and grants and loans toward decarbonizing the industrial and transportation sectors. One $27 billion decarbonization grant and loan program is a green bank established by amending the Clean Air Act, which is expected to generate high rates of return for the government from private sector investments. The grant package also includes a program to reduce methane emissions from production and transportation of natural gas. The bill also provides for a focus on communities and environmental justice by providing several grants targeting historically marginalized and disadvantaged communities that have been disproportionally impacted by environmental pollution and climate change.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The bill also allocates funds for rural communities, racial and economic justice in farming, marine ecosystems and forestland, including $20 billion to invest in climate-smart agriculture, $5 billion to invest in forest conservation and urban tree planting, $3.1 billion to help farmers with high-risk operations caused by USDA-backed loans, $2.6 billion to protect and restore coastal habitats, and $2.2 billion to redress proven claims from farmers of discrimination by the USDA's lending programs.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The bill should cut the global greenhouse gas emissions by a level similar to "eliminating the annual planet-warming pollution of France and Germany combined" and may help to limit the warming of the planet to 1.5 degrees Celsius - the target of the Paris Agreement. With the bill and additional federal and state measures, the USA can fulfill its pledge in the Paris Agreement: 50% greenhouse gas emissions reductions by the year 2030.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: An assessment by the Rhodium Group, an independent research firm, estimated it would reduce national greenhouse gas emissions 32–42% below 2005 levels by 2030, compared to 24–35% under current policy while reducing household energy costs and improving energy security. Furthermore, Rhodium Group projects that the nuclear provisions in the bill are likely to "keep much, if not all" of the nation's nuclear reactors that are at risk of retiring, estimated to be 22–38% of the fleet, online through the 2030s.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: A preliminary analysis by the REPEAT Project of Princeton University estimated that the investments made by the law would reduce net emissions 42% below 2005 levels, compared to 27% under current policies (including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act).


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Energy Innovation group estimated the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions at 37–41% below 2005 levels in 2030, compared to 24% without the bill. This estimate of the greenhouse gas emission reduction lines up with the figure provided by the bill's authors which is a 40% reduction in carbon emissions relative to 2005 levels.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Modeling from the nonpartisan research institution Resources for the Future indicates the bill would decrease retail power costs by 5.2–6.7% over a ten-year period, resulting in savings of $170–220 per year for the average U.S. household. The modeling also predicts that the bill would tend to stabilize electricity prices. The bill would help foster a tripling in the size of the American solar power industry and provide unprecedented investment security, according to the trade group Solar Energy Industries Association.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: In reaction to the Supreme Court case "West Virginia v. EPA", which limited the EPA's authority to institute a program such as the Obama-era Clean Power Plan, the IRA also includes language granting the EPA more authority to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, as well as to promote renewable energy.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Excerpts from the nonpartisan Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) indicated that the legislation might lead to increased payments on personal taxes for Americans of all incomes (an increase in $16.7billion for taxpayers earning less than $200,000 a year, $14.1billion for taxpayers earning between $200,000 and $500,000, and $23.5billion for taxpayers earning over $500,000). This calculation was based on the assumption that companies would indirectly pass on parts of the minimum corporate tax to employees, an assumption that was criticized by Steven M. Rosenthal, a senior fellow at the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center (TPC). Economist William G. Gale, who is also co-director of the TPC, comments that it is important to consider that the calculations by the JCT did not take into account the provisions in the bill that would extend premium tax credits for health plans for low- and middle-income taxpayers, provide households with tax credits for making their property more energy-efficient, and lower the price of prescription drugs.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Tax Policy Center estimated that the bottom 80% tax filers by income would receive a net benefit, if ACA premium tax credits (subsidies) are included. The 80th-99th percentile would incur a small cost (0-0.1% increase in average federal tax rate) while the top 1% would incur a 0.2% increase. The costs mainly are imposed indirectly as corporations facing higher taxes may reduce the wage increases or levels for workers; individual tax rates were not changed.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen directed IRS Commissioner Charles Rettig to not use the new funding allocated in the bill to increase the rate of audits of those making less than $400,000 a year above historical levels, but to instead focus on "high-end noncompliance."


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The Treasury and Internal Revenue Service published guidance on eligibility for electric vehicle owners to claim tax credits worth between $3,500 - $7,500, including outlining a requirement for the vehicle to have a final assembly in North America. The Department of Energy and the Department of Transportation also published resources identifying vehicles that will likely meet all requirements for tax credit. The Department of Energy indicated that their list of eligible vehicles is not a guarantee for credit, and states that the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) will give full manufacturing details and locations. Those qualified will receive the tax credits, known as the Clean Vehicle Credit, previously called the Qualified Plug-In Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit. The US Treasury Department has also stated that owners who purchase eligible vehicles previous to August 16, 2022 but did not possess the vehicle until after that date, also qualify for the Clean Vehicle Credit. However, because of the requirement that qualified EVs must have "at least 40 percent of materials sourced from North America or a US trading partner by 2024" and the batteries cannot contain minerals that "were extracted, processed, or recycled by a foreign entity of concern", most currently available EVs on the market will not qualify for the tax credits.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Additional tax credits were presented in the bill for energy efficiency in buildings, expanding current incentives in a tier-based system beginning in 2023. The bill specifies that commercial buildings must update efficiency by 25%, compared to a reference building, to qualify for $0.50 per square foot of tax credit for the first tier, increasing to a maximum of $5.00 per square foot for the final tier. The tax credits also extends to single and multi-family housing, requiring 50% less annual energy consumption compared to similar units. Vincent Barnes, a senior vice president from Alliance to Save Energy in Washington, D.C, stated that these policies were meant to reduce energy costs and demand on the power grid.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Senator Joe Manchin (D-WV) issued a statement for his support of the bill. President Joe Biden also stated his support for the proposed bill. On August 4, Senator Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) issued a statement indicating that she would support the bill after striking a deal with fellow Democrats to change several tax provisions.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Congressional Republicans have voiced unanimous opposition to the bill, claiming the legislation would do little to combat inflation, or would exacerbate it. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) denounced the legislation as "reckless spending" and Ranking Member of the Senate Budget Committee Lindsey Graham (R-SC) called it "insanity".


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: In a letter sent to congressional leadership and touted by Senate Democrats, 126 economists including Robert Rubin, Jack Lew, Jason Furman, Lawrence Summers, Mark Zandi, and Joseph Stiglitz, wrote that the bill is more than fully paid for, lowers prices for consumers and will lower inflation.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: In a letter sent to House and Senate leadership, 230 economists wrote that "the legislation will actually contribute to inflation" and "will add to price rises." The economists include "Nobel laureate Vernon Smith, former chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Kevin Hassett, former director of the Office of Management and Budget Jim Miller, and Robert Heller, president of the Federal Reserve Board from 1986 to 1989. In addition, professors from the University of Chicago, Princeton University, Duke University, the University of Virginia, Columbia University and the University of Notre Dame signed the letter."


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Tom Philpott, an agriculture journalist writing in "Wired", praised the bill's investments in climate-smart agriculture and remedies for USDA loan discrimination, but heavily criticized Sinema's deletion of the carried interest loophole modification and the lack of provisions to expand funding for the National School Lunch Act and improvements to child nutrition (as expressed in the original Build Back Better Act) and for soil erosion prevention programs (which enhance small-scale carbon farming and encourage a shift away from monoculture-dependent farming for ethanol fuel in the United States).


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Darren Woods, the CEO of oil and gas energy giant ExxonMobil, called the bill "a step in the right direction" and endorsed its provisions related to oil and gas. Multiple coal industry groups, including the West Virginia Coal Association, criticized the bill for "[obviating] any need to innovate coal assets" and doing "nothing for coal or coal generation".


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Many mainstream environmental organizations supported the bill, such as the Nature Conservancy, the National Wildlife Federation, and American Forests. The director of North America policy for the Nature Conservancy, Tom Cors, called the legislation "historic", while Aviva Glaser of the NWF called the infusion of spending "transformative." The Natural Resources Defense Council argued that despite continued acceptance of fossil fuels in the IRA, its climate mitigation policies would outweigh their impact ten times over. Health and environmental justice organizations like Earthjustice have welcomed the law.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: However, not all environmental groups expressed unqualified support. Some environmentalists noted that the bill contained more "carrots", or incentives for positive behavior, than "sticks", or new regulations. Several groups argued that as the legislation did not seek to eliminate fossil fuels entirely, it was inadequate to meet the threat of climate change. Jean Su, the energy justice program director at the Center for Biological Diversity, called the legislation "a backdoor take-it-or-leave-it deal between a coal baron and Democratic leaders in which any opposition from lawmakers or frontline communities was quashed." The Climate Justice Alliance criticized the IRA, saying that "the strengths of the IRA are outweighed by the bill's weaknesses and threats posed by the expansion of fossil fuels and unproven technologies such as carbon capture and hydrogen generation."


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: The heads of the National Cooperative Business Association, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, National Farmers Union, and National Council of Farming Cooperatives praised the IRA for its provisions assisting cooperatives in energy and agriculture, particularly direct grants and debt forgiveness. Cornelius Blanding, head of the U.S. Federation of Southern Cooperatives, also praised the IRA, but expressed concern that its revisions of the American Rescue Plan's debt relief programs for minority farmers would worsen racial discrimination in agriculture.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Cycling organizations criticized the IRA for removing the incentives for electric bicycles in the original Build Back Better Act, having a better energy-per-incentive ratio and reaching a wider demographic, than for electric cars remaining in the IRA. Sean Jeans-Gail, Vice President of Government Affairs and Policy at the Rail Passengers Association, criticized the IRA saying,"It's a bitter pill in terms of rail and transit, which is the one clearly established, low-carbon emission transportation systems we have going". He also criticized the bill for being car centric.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Representatives from South Korea and the European Union have said that the subsidies for consumers to buy North American assembled electric cars might contravene World Trade Organisation rules, by discriminating against foreign built vehicles, and are considering a challenge.


title: Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

text: Some members of the trade union United Auto Workers, including the vice president Cindy Estrada, have obliquely commented to "The American Prospect" that the Inflation Reduction Act's implementation regarding prevailing wage requirements and collective bargaining rights (particularly at startup EV factories) may be weakened, and that if not properly implemented, the Act could be linked to poor hiring practices and working conditions.


title: Corporate raid

text: In business, a corporate raid is the process of buying a large stake in a corporation and then using shareholder voting rights to require the company to undertake novel measures designed to increase the share value, generally in opposition to the desires and practices of the corporation's current management. The measures might include replacing top executives, downsizing operations, or liquidating the company.


title: Corporate raid

text: Corporate raids were particularly common between the 1970s and the 1990s in the United States. By the end of the 1980s, management of many large publicly traded corporations had adopted legal countermeasures designed to thwart potential hostile takeovers and corporate raids, including poison pills, golden parachutes, and increases in debt levels on the company's balance sheet. In later years, some corporate raiding practices have been used by "activist shareholders", who purchase equity stakes in a corporation to influence its board of directors and put public pressure on its management.


title: Corporate raid

text: Corporate raids became the hallmark of a handful of investors in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly highlighted by the public suicide of Eli Black. Among the most notable corporate raiders of the 1970s and 1980s were Louis Wolfson, Carl Icahn, Victor Posner, Meshulam Riklis, Nelson Peltz, Robert M. Bass, T. Boone Pickens, Paul Bilzerian, Harold Clark Simmons, Kirk Kerkorian, Sir James Goldsmith, Saul Steinberg and Asher Edelman. These investors used a number of the same tactics and targeted the same type of companies as more traditional leveraged buyouts and in many ways could be considered a forerunner of the later private equity firms. In fact it is Posner, one of the first "corporate raiders" who is often credited with coining the term "leveraged buyout" or "LBO".


title: Corporate raid

text: Victor Posner, who had made a fortune in real estate investments in the 1930s and 1940s, acquired a major stake in DWG Corporation in 1966. Having gained control of the company, he used it as an investment vehicle that could execute takeovers of other companies. Posner and DWG are perhaps best known for the hostile takeover of Sharon Steel Corporation in 1969, one of the earliest such takeovers in the United States. Posner's investments were typically motivated by attractive valuations, balance sheets and cash flow characteristics. Because of its high debt load, Posner's DWG generated attractive but highly volatile returns and ultimately landed in financial difficulty. In 1987, Sharon Steel entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.


title: Corporate raid

text: Carl Icahn developed a reputation as a ruthless "corporate raider" after his hostile takeover of TWA in 1985. The result of that takeover was Icahn systematically selling TWA's assets to repay the debt he used to purchase the company, which was described as "asset stripping".


title: Corporate raid

text: Icahn also attempted the grand prize of U.S. Steel, launching a hostile takeover for 89% of the industrial giant for $7 billion ($ billion today) in late 1986 and only being rebuffed finally by CEO David Roderick on January 8, 1987.


title: Corporate raid

text: T. Boone Pickens' hostile takeover bid of Gulf Oil in 1984 led to shock that such a large company could be raided. Gulf eventually sold out to Chevron for a then-record $13.3 billion ($ billion today) "white knight" buyout.


title: Corporate raid

text: Paul Bilzerian launched a number of takeover bids including Cluett Peabody & Company, Hammermill Paper Company, Pay n Pack Stores, Allied Stores and the Singer Corporation. All of his takeover bids were for all cash and for all shares and he refused any greenmail. Bilzerian was indicted for Schedule13(d) disclosure violations and despite his claims of innocence he was convicted in 1989. After spending thirty years fighting the government in his attempt to overturn his conviction, he renounced his US citizenship in 2019.


title: Corporate raid

text: British raider Beazer also launched several successful hostile takeovers in the 1980s, the largest being that of Koppers in early 1988 for $1.81 billion ($ billion today).


title: Corporate raid

text: Many of the corporate raiders of the 1980s were onetime clients of Michael Milken, whose investment banking firm, Drexel Burnham Lambert helped raise blind pools of capital which corporate raiders could use to make legitimate attempts to take over companies and provide high-yield debt financing of the buyouts.


title: Corporate raid

text: Drexel Burnham raised a $100 million blind pool in 1984 for Nelson Peltz and his holding company Triangle Industries (later Triarc) to give credibility for takeovers, representing the first major blind pool raised for this purpose. Two years later, in 1986, Wickes Companies, a holding company run by Sanford Sigoloff, would raise a $1.2 billion blind pool. In later years, Milken and Drexel would shy away from certain of the more "notorious" corporate raiders as the firm and the private equity industry attempted to move upscale.


title: Corporate raid

text: In 1985, Milken raised $750 million for a similar blind pool for Ronald Perelman, which would ultimately prove instrumental in acquiring his biggest target: The Revlon Corporation. In 1980, Ronald Perelman, the son of a wealthy Philadelphia businessman, and future "corporate raider", having made several small but successful buyouts, acquired MacAndrews & Forbes, a distributor of licorice extract and chocolate, which Perelman's father had tried and failed to acquire 10 years earlier. Perelman would ultimately divest the company's core business and use MacAndrews & Forbes as a holding company investment vehicle for subsequent leveraged buyouts including Technicolor, Inc., Pantry Pride and Revlon. Using the Pantry Pride subsidiary of his holding company, MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Perelman's overtures were rebuffed. Repeatedly rejected by the company's board and management, Perelman continued to press forward with a hostile takeover, raising his offer from an initial bid of $47.50 per share until it reached $53.00 per share. After Revlon received a higher offer from a white knight, private equity firm Forstmann Little & Company, Perelman's Pantry Pride finally was able to make a successful bid for Revlon, valuing the company at $2.7 billion. The buyout would prove troubling, burdened by a heavy debt load. Under Perelman's control, Revlon sold 4 divisions: two were sold for $1 billion, its vision care division was sold for $574 million, and its National Health Laboratories division was spun out to the public market in 1988. Revlon also made acquisitions including Max Factor in 1987 and Betrix in 1989, later selling them to Procter & Gamble in 1991. Perelman exited the bulk of his holdings in Revlon through an IPO in 1996 and subsequent sales of stock. As of December 31, 2007, Perelman still retains a minority ownership interest in Revlon. The Revlon takeover, because of its well-known brand, was profiled widely by the media and brought new attention to the emerging boom in leveraged buyout activity. Litigation associated with the takeover has also become standard reading for introductory business organization classes in most law schools, introducing what have come to be known as "Revlon duties" for boards of companies that are up for auction.


title: Corporate raid

text: In the late 1980s several famous corporate raiders suffered from bad investments financed by large amounts of leverage, ultimately losing money for their investors. Additionally, with the fall of Michael Milken and the subsequent collapse of Drexel Burnham Lambert, the credit lines for these investors dried up. By the end of the decade, management of many large publicly traded corporations reacted negatively to the threat of potential hostile takeover or corporate raid and pursued drastic defensive measures including poison pills, golden parachutes and increasing debt levels on the company's balance sheet. Finally, in the 1990s the overall price of the American stock market increased, which reduced the number of situations in which a company's share price was low with respect to the assets that it controlled. By the end of the 1990s, the corporate raider moniker was used less frequently as private equity firms pursued different tactics than their predecessors. In later years, many of the corporate raiders would be re-characterized as "activist shareholders", such as Carl Icahn during his 2008 profile on CBS's "60 Minutes".


title: Corporate raid

text: Although private equity rarely received a thorough treatment in popular culture, several films did feature stereotypical "corporate raiders" prominently. Among the most notable examples of private equity featured in motion pictures included:


title: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

text: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).


title: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

text: Emirati citizens do not need a visa to enter other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and also have the right to work in those countries. Similarly, citizens of other GCC states do not need a visa to enter the UAE. GCC citizens can use a GCC national identity card (rather than a passport) to enter the UAE.


title: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

text: Barbados (1 July 2018), Mexico (31 October 2018), Russia (17 February 2019), Uzbekistan (20 March 2019)


title: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

text: Paraguay (16 August 2019), Central African Republic (8 October 2019), Kiribati (23 October 2019), Israel (22 October 2020), Peru (8 November 2020), and Japan (28 September 2022).


title: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

text: The first possibility of electronic visas for Emirati citizens began with the United Kingdom's electronic visa waiver (EVW) program that commenced on 1 January 2014,


title: Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

text: followed by India in November 2014, Lesotho on 1 May 2017, Benin on 1 January 2018, Uzbekistan on 15 July 2018, Tanzania on 26 November 2018, and Pakistan on 14 March 2019.


title: Bill Condon

text: William Condon (born October 22, 1955) is an American director and screenwriter. Condon is known for writing and/or directing numerous successful and acclaimed films including "Gods and Monsters", "Chicago", "Kinsey", "Dreamgirls", "", "", and "Beauty and the Beast". He has received two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, "Gods and Monsters" and "Chicago", winning for the former.


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon was born in New York City on October 22, 1955, the son of a police detective, and was raised in an Irish Catholic family. He attended Regis High School and Columbia College of Columbia University, graduating in 1976 with a degree in philosophy.


title: Bill Condon

text: Two films had a significant impact of Condon's early life. At the age of twelve, he found himself drawn to screenplay writing with his first viewing of "Bonnie and Clyde". In college he saw "Sweet Charity" (1969), which lead to "a lifelong love affair with movies that are reviled and rejected in their time.".


title: Bill Condon

text: After completing college, Condon worked as a journalist for film magazines, including "American Film" and "Millimeter". In 1981, he won "the world's most difficult film trivia quiz" sponsored by the "Village Voice".


title: Bill Condon

text: His career as a filmmaker began with screenplays for the independent feature "Strange Behavior" (1981), an homage to the pulp horror films of the 1950s, and the science-fiction feature "Strange Invaders" (1983), which starred Nancy Allen and Wallace Shawn.


title: Bill Condon

text: His directorial debut was "Sister, Sister" (1987), an eerie Southern Gothic mystery starring Eric Stoltz and Jennifer Jason Leigh. Test screenings led to major changes to the film, which still proved a critical failure that set back Condon's career.


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon emerged a few years later directing a series of made-for-TV thrillers, including "Murder 101" (1991), which earned Condon and co-writer Roy Johansen a 1992 Edgar Award for their screenplay. During this period he also wrote the screenplay for the thriller "F/X2" (1991), which was directed by Australian director Richard Franklin.


title: Bill Condon

text: In 1994, he directed the television movie "The Man Who Wouldn't Die," which was met with mixed reviews. He directed "" (1995), a sequel to Bernard Rose's 1992 horror film. It was a critical and commercial failure. Reminded years later of this phase of his career, Condon said: "It's hard to be lower on the totem pole than being the director for a sequel to a horror movie."


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon wrote and directed "Gods and Monsters" (1998), which was based on a novel by Christopher Bram. His screenplay won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. "The New York Times" said Condon "may have been the most stunned person at the Academy Awards when his name was announced as the winner for the best adapted screenplay. He has struggled for years in Hollywood as a screenwriter and journalist and is unaccustomed to the hoopla that is now around him." He was nominated for the same award for his screenplay for "Chicago", based on the Broadway musical of the same name. He received a second Edgar Award for his "Chicago" screenplay as well.


title: Bill Condon

text: In 2004 he wrote and directed the film "Kinsey", chronicling the life of the controversial sex researcher Alfred Kinsey. In "The New York Times", A.O. Scott wrote that "Bill Condon's smart, stirring [film] has a lot to say on the subject of sex, which it treats with sobriety, sensitivity and a welcome measure of humor." He continued: "I can't think of another movie that has dealt with sex so knowledgeably and, at the same time, made the pursuit of knowledge seem so sexy. There are some explicit images and provocative scenes, but it is your intellect that is most likely to be aroused... Mr. Condon's great achievement is to turn Kinsey's complicated and controversial career into a grand intellectual drama."


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon wrote the screenplay for and directed "Dreamgirls", an adaptation of the acclaimed Broadway musical of the same name. It was released in December 2006. Condon received Directors Guild of America and Broadcast Film Critics Association nominations for directing. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards in six categories.


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon was executive producer of the 81st Academy Awards television broadcast that aired on February 22, 2009, working with producer Laurence Mark.


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon directed both parts of "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn" (2011 and 2012), adapted from the fourth and final novel in "The Twilight Saga" by Stephenie Meyer. He was twice nominated for a Razzie for Worst Director for these films, winning for "Part 2".


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon directed "The Fifth Estate" (2013), a thriller about WikiLeaks starring Benedict Cumberbatch. He said he chose the project for a change of pace and liked its non-ideological approach to a very complex subject. He saw it "in the great tradition of journalistic thrillers". It received mixed responses from critics and underperformed at the box office.


title: Bill Condon

text: In late 2013, he directed a revised version of the 1997 stage musical "Side Show" at the La Jolla Playhouse. A production of this revision played in June and July 2014 at the Kennedy Center. Charles Isherwood described it in "The New York Times" as "a full-scale reimagining" of the musical that involved "the addition and subtraction of several songs ..., the reordering of others", and new dialogue contributed by Condon. That production received excellent reviews when it moved to Broadway in the fall, but it proved a failure at the box office and closed after just seven weeks.


title: Bill Condon

text: In 2015, Condon directed "Mr. Holmes" starring Ian McKellen. Condon noted its similarity to "Gods and Monsters", not only because of its lead actor but because "[b]oth movies are about aging and mortality. You have a celebrated man facing the decline of his public image."


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon directed the 2017 Disney live action film adaptation of the animated 1991 film "Beauty and the Beast". A few weeks before the film's scheduled release on March 17, 2017, Condon announced that one character, LeFou, has "a nice, exclusively gay moment", which resulted in an "internet meltdown" of contrasting support and condemnation.


title: Bill Condon

text: He co-authored the screenplay for "The Greatest Showman", a biography of P.T. Barnum, starring Hugh Jackman and released in December 2017. He rewrote the draft of co-author Jenny Bicks.


title: Bill Condon

text: In October 2017, Condon postponed pre-production of a remake of "Bride of Frankenstein" for Universal Pictures. "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Condon and David Koepp wanted to rework the script.


title: Bill Condon

text: Condon is a member of the Independent Feature Projects (IFP) in Los Angeles, a non-profit organization which supports independent films, as well as the Independent Writers Steering Committee, which was initiated by the Writers Guild of America (WGA).


title: FC Juárez

text: Fútbol Club Juárez, commonly referred to as Bravos de Juárez, or simply as Juárez, is a Mexican football club based in the city of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua that currently competes in Liga MX.


title: FC Juárez

text: Futbol Club Juárez was founded in 2015 by a bi-national group of six families, two from the border city of El Paso, Texas and four from Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, making it one of the few clubs with foreign investors in Mexican football and marking the return of professional sports to Ciudad Juárez for the first time since 2012 after the previous franchise, Indios de Ciudad Juárez, was relegated from Liga MX, suffered from poor management, and was ultimately disbanded.


title: FC Juárez

text: On June 7, 2015, it was officially announced by Ascenso MX officials that FC Juárez would compete in Ascenso MX, starting in the Apertura 2015 season.


title: FC Juárez

text: On December 5, 2015, after a very successful beginning to the season, the team ended the 2015 campaign in second place, and FC Juárez captured its first Ascenso MX title after beating Atlante 3-1 on aggregate, thus gaining the right to play in the promotional final in the Ascenso MX. The failed to qualify for the Clausura 2016 liguilla and lost the promotional final against Necaxa.


title: FC Juárez

text: The following season, Juárez failed to qualify for the liguilla. In the Clausura 2017 season, Juárez lost the final against Lobos BUAP with an aggregate score of 4–2.


title: FC Juárez

text: For the 2017–18 Ascenso MX season, the league announced that Juárez was one of six Ascenso MX teams eligible for promotion to Liga MX the following season. In the Apertura 2017 season, Juárez lost their second consecutive final, against Alebrijes de Oaxaca, on penalties.


title: FC Juárez

text: On June 11, 2019, Juárez replaced Lobos BUAP in Liga MX after the founding bi-national group purchased the struggling franchise, thus returning top-level football to Ciudad Juárez.


title: FC Juárez

text: They have developed a friendly, cross-border rivalry with El Paso Locomotive of the USL Championship since that side began play in 2019.


title: FC Juárez

text: FC Juárez play their home matches at the Estadio Olímpico Benito Juárez in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Stadium attendance is capped at 19,765, and it is owned by Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. The stadium was opened October 1980, with an inaugural match between the Mexico national team and Atlético de Madrid.


title: Lyricist

text: A lyricist is a songwriter who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include but not limited to the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.


title: Lyricist

text: A lyricist's income derives from royalties received from original songs. Royalties may range from 50 per cent of the song if it was written primarily with the composer, or less if they wrote the song in collaboration. Songs are automatically copyrighted as soon as they are in tangible forms, such as a recording or sheet music. However, before a song is published or made public, its author or publisher should register it with the Copyright Office at the US Library of Congress to better protect against copyright infringement.


title: Lyricist

text: Collaboration takes different forms. Some composers and lyricists work closely together on a song, with each having an input into both words and tune. Usually a lyricist fills in the words to a tune already fully written out. Dorothy Fields worked in this way. Lyricists have often added words to an established tune, as Johnny Burke did with the Erroll Garner jazz standard "Misty". Some partnerships work almost totally independently, for example, Bernie Taupin writes lyrics and hands them over to Elton John, who then sets them to music, with minimum interaction between the two men.


title: Lyricist

text: The collaboration of Lennon-McCartney is one of the most successful in pop history and includes songs such as "Yesterday" and "A Hard Day's Night"


title: Lyricist

text: Other famous collaborations include Leiber and Stoller and The Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger with Keith Richards


title: Lyricist

text: In the Christian hymn-singing tradition, many of the popular pieces have words written to fit existing melodies. The Christmas carol "What Child Is This?" had its words set to an old English folk tune that had been a lover's lament, "Greensleeves". The English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams famously set existing poems, by men like William Cowper and Charles Wesley, to traditional folk tunes to create hymns, many of which he published in "The English Hymnal". A different way this happened was the marriage of unrelated words and tune, a well-known example being "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem of the United States, with words written by Francis Scott Key strictly as a poem, which was later set to the tune of an old drinking song.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Marvel 1602 is an eight-issue comic book limited series published in 2003 by Marvel Comics. The limited series was written by Neil Gaiman, penciled by Andy Kubert, and digitally painted by Richard Isanove; Scott McKowen illustrated the distinctive scratchboard covers. The eight-part series takes place in a timeline where Marvel superheroes exist in the Elizabethan era; faced with the destruction of their world by a mysterious force, the heroes must fight to save their universe. Many of the early Marvel superheroes — Nick Fury, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, and Spider-Man — as well as villains such as Doctor Doom and Magneto appear in various roles.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Neil Gaiman had always been a fan of Marvel, and editor Joe Quesada approached Gaiman to work on a project which eventually evolved into "1602". The success of the comic led to three sequels, entitled "", "", and "". There is also a short story, "Son of the Dragon", starring the 1602 version of The Hulk in the second issue of "Hulk: Broken Worlds". In "1602: Witchhunter Angela" of Marvel's 2015 "Secret Wars" event, Angela appears as a hunter of witchbreed (mutants).


title: Marvel 1602

text: The pocket reality seen at the end of the limited series in which the continuing Marvel 1602 universe takes place is classified as Earth-311.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Neil Gaiman stated in an afterword to the series that he had always viewed the Marvel universe as "magic". The editors of


title: Marvel 1602

text: "1602", Nick Lowe and Joe Quesada, approached Gaiman after Quesada became Marvel's Editor in Chief with the intent for Gaiman to work on a project for Marvel. Gaiman eventually agreed to write a Marvel comic in August 2001, although he was not sure what it would contain. When the September 11, 2001 attacks occurred, Gaiman decided that he did not want planes, skyscrapers, bombs or guns in his comic. "I didn't want it to be a war story, and I didn't want to write a story in which might made right – or in which might made anything." On a trip to Venice soon after, Gaiman was struck by how the "past seemed very close at hand"; he returned from the trip knowing the story he wanted to tell. The time was chosen because "it was a nice place to set the story. It gave me America and it gave me a lot of things that I wanted in terms of the way the world was changing. It also gave me the sense of wonder and magic."


title: Marvel 1602

text: Gaiman described writing the series as odd, since he had not written comics in half a decade; the story was trimmed down significantly as the size went from six 36-page chapters to eight 22-page segments. He also wanted to write a comic that was different from "The Sandman", his most recognized work. The profits of the series went to help fund his Marvels and Miracles LLC company, which is fighting for the rights to Marvelman.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Unlike usual penciled pages, "Marvel 1602" used a technique called "enhanced pencils", whereby the finished pencil drawings are sent straight to the colorist instead of to an inker first. This technique had been used before on Kubert's "Origin", and results in cleaner and more elaborate lines.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Editor Nick Lowe noticed theater posters done by Scott McKowen and decided that the "engraving 'look' of the scratchboard would be interesting for the historical setting of this story." Scratchboard is a technique where a sharp knife is used to scrape through a layer of black ink to a hard chalk surface underneath; in effect, artists draw white lines on an all-black surface. All McKowen's illustrations were done by hand and then colored later in Photoshop. For inspiration, McKowen looked at seventeenth-century engravings. He also added scrolls or flags to the covers for the "Marvel 1602" titles, basing the designs on Renaissance paintings where scrolls are used to comment on the scenes depicted.


title: Marvel 1602

text: The hardbound edition features a scratchboard illustration depicting the main characters whispering discreetly to each other on the cover. According to McKowen, the image was inspired by a depiction of the masterminds behind the "Gunpowder Plot", an attempt to blow up Parliament during the reign of King James. Since the characters of the story are all traitors in the eyes of King James, they were drawn in a similar fashion.


title: Marvel 1602

text: In the year 1602 in the Marvel Universe, for an unknown reason, superheroes have appeared about 400 years early. They were born and bred in this era and some hold important positions in high places. When the characters come to realize that something is wrong with the universe, the heroes must solve the mystery behind their own existence, while dealing with intrigue at the courts of Elizabeth and James.


title: Marvel 1602

text: All over Europe, strange weather is provoking panic. Many believe the unnatural occurrences are the beginning of the Apocalypse. Dr. Stephen Strange, the court physician of Queen Elizabeth I, senses that there are unnatural forces at work. He has also been asked to watch over the secret treasure of the Knights Templar which is being brought over from Jerusalem. Elizabeth tells her head of intelligence, Sir Nicholas Fury, to bring the weapon to England safely. Fury in turn contracts blind minstrel and agent Matthew Murdoch (Daredevil of "Marvel 1602") to rendezvous with the Templar guard somewhere in Europe and secure the weapon. Later that evening, Fury and his assistant Peter Parquagh are attacked by a winged assassin whom Fury disables and locks in the Tower of London.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Meanwhile, the ship "Virginia Maid" arrives in England from the New World, carrying the young Virginia Dare, the first child born in Roanoke colony, as well as her Native American bodyguard Rojhaz. They are taken to meet the Queen only for a second winged assassin to snatch Virginia. Rohjaz quickly disables the attacker, but Virginia has transformed into a white gryphon. Rojhaz subdues Virginia, and Stephen Strange bespells her to human form before Fury sees her transformed. She has strange shapeshifting powers, and Strange suspects she is the cause of the disastrous weather. Fury interrogates one of the assassins to learn who sent him. He is told that it is Count Otto von Doom, ruler of Latveria, but Fury is too late to stop one of Doom's machines from killing Elizabeth with a poison gas released by dropping a pill into aqua regia.


title: Marvel 1602

text: With Elizabeth's death, James VI becomes ruler of both England and Scotland. James is distrustful of "witchbreed", those with magical or uncanny powers, and collaborates with Spanish High Inquisitor Enrique to blame the witchbreed of England, headed by Carlos Javier (Charles Xavier of "Marvel 1602"), for Elizabeth's death. Fury, a friend of Carlos and his students, is forced to take the witchbreed to the Tower. Strange, Javier, and Fury meet there and discuss how to save the world — an act which will almost surely lead to them being branded traitors by James. Strange has learned that Murdoch and the Templar agent Donal have been betrayed and are now in the hands of Doom. Strange also learns that Doom has been holding captive four heroes from the ship "Fantastick", including Fury's friend Sir Richard Reed. Javier agrees to help Fury; all taking a ship levitated by Javier and his page John Grey across the continent.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Strange meanwhile finds himself on the moon where he meets the Watcher Uatu, who tells him that the strange events are due to an anomaly he calls the Forerunner. The Forerunner is from the future and its presence in the past has disrupted reality to the point of impending annihilation of not only Strange's world but all other universes as well. Explaining his theory that the emergence of various superhumans on Stephen's Earth four hundred years before their season is the result of the universe trying to save itself, the Watcher tells Strange that he will not be able to repeat what he has learned while he lives.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Fury, Javier, and his witchbreed launch a successful attack on Count Doom's fortress; John Grey, revealed to be female, dies from her exertions in keeping the ship intact. The Four of the "Fantastick" are freed, and Doom is horribly scarred by what he believes is the Templar's treasure; in fact, Donal's walking stick is the true treasure, used to summon the Norse god Thor. The ship of fugitives heads for the New World. In Spain, Enrique is exposed as a witchbreed and a Jew and sentenced to be burned at the stake with his young acolytes, Petros and Sister Wanda. Enrique reveals that he is able to manipulate magnetism and breaks their chains; they escape on a ship of their own, also bound for America.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Sir Stephen Strange is executed by James, who is furious that Fury and the witchbreed escaped him. He communicates telepathically with his wife Clea, able to tell his secrets now that he no longer lives. He informs her that the Forerunner is the cause of the anomalies and that universal salvation depends on its transport back to its time; she takes his head from the pike and sets off for America with Virginia and Rojhaz. Clea believes that Strange's suspicions were wrong: the Forerunner is not Virginia but Rojhaz. Rojhaz reveals himself to be Steve Rogers. After fighting against a future dictatorship of the 21st century run by the Purple Man, Rogers was captured and sent back in time so as to completely erase his legacy. He was taken in by Native Americans who misheard his name; upon encountering the struggling Roanoke colony, he helped it survive and became Virginia's bodyguard.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Fury and company arrive at the Roanoke colony, where they discover the rift. Fury despairs that he has betrayed the Crown. Javier senses three ships incoming: the "Virginia Maid", Enrique's ship, and a ship carrying James's agents, among them his advisor David Banner and Peter, who has been coerced into loyalty. Realizing that the rift is radiating "galvanic" energy, Javier enlists his adversary Enrique to manipulate the rift; he agrees for an unspecified boon. Donal summons Thor once more, enabling the necessary input of energy to open the rift again. Fury kills all of James's agents except for Peter and Banner; in England, Murdoch threatens James with death should he harm Fury. Rogers refuses to go back through the rift, hoping to build a better America. Fury incapacitates him and carries the body back through the rift, thus going into the future himself.


title: Marvel 1602

text: The rift and the universe restore themselves, meaning the destruction of the alternate timeline; however, Uatu the Watcher is granted a "pocket universe" by his colleagues in which the 1602 timeline remains intact, and where the powered fugitives decide to settle in the Roanoke colony, declaring it a free place for all. Meanwhile, while walking in the woods with Virginia, Peter is bitten by a spider and Banner, who shielded Peter from the energies released when Rojhaz and Fury entered the rift, has changed into a hulking gray monster. Intrigued by the continuing events, Uatu continues to watch the new universe (later designated Earth-311).


title: Marvel 1602

text: "1602" features both historical figures and many of the original Marvel superheroes and villains. Some popular characters, such as Wolverine, were not added, because of Gaiman's vision to address the heroes of the 1960s. "The territory doesn't go much further than 1969 in terms of the characters that I picked to use," Gaiman noted. "I couldn't get everybody in because there are an awful lot of Marvel characters."


title: Marvel 1602

text: "1602" received mixed praised upon its release with Comics Bulletin stating "Is "1602" good? Yes, it's damn good. Is it revolutionary or even ground breaking? No. Sorry, but I can't go so far as to call a glorified What If? series anything more than what it is; a well done re-imagination of the Marvel Universe." "Entertainment Weekly" declared that the combination of writing and moody artwork meant "the Marvel Universe hasn't been this engrossing in ages." ShakingThrough.net noted that fans looking for elements of Gaiman's "The Sandman" would be disappointed; "It's not a senses-shattering Marvel epic, but then it's not meant to be. It's nothing more or less than a chance to enjoy reinterpretations of some familiar characters." UGO Networks concurred, stating "there doesn't need to be a 'point' in re-imagining familiar icons — it's simply meant to be fun. [...] The result of "1602" is agreeable entertainment." The series won several awards, including the Quill Book Award for Graphic Novels. The first issue was also awarded the 2003 Diamond Distributors Gem Award as "Comic of the Year".


title: Marvel 1602

text: Conversely, "Time Magazine" listed it as the worst comic of 2003, although the list's composer later stated "he didn't actually mean it was the worst comic of the year." UGO's Darren Latta noted as a downside to the series that "the approach maybe a little too subdued at times." Latta also felt that despite being familiar with the setting, Gaiman never utilized the period to its full potential. Others simply felt that Gaiman's involvement led to inflated expectations; one review noted that while reading "I [...] felt at times like maybe it was all a little bit too cute, a little bit too in-jokey."


title: Marvel 1602

text: James Fleming, an adjunct instructor at Keiser University and Southern New Hampshire University, has also written about the use of the postmodern tradition in "1602" and how this is employed as a means to respond to the post-9/11 world in which the comic was written.


title: Marvel 1602

text: The Marvel 1602 universe appears in a lead-up to "Spider-Verse". Peter Parquah is on stage at the Globe Theatre with Marion Jane Watson's family when Morlun appears. Peter attempts to defend himself, but Morlun proves too powerful. Morlun brings down the Globe Theater around everyone, and absorbs Peter's life essence. Before disappearing into another dimension, Morlun declares that all spiders will die.


title: Marvel 1602

text: Marvel 1602 appears in "Secret Wars" where its domain on Battleworld is referred to as King James' England. It is mostly featured in the comic "1602: Witch Hunter Angela" (which features a witch hunter version of Angela). The "Secret Wars" "Marvel 1602" now includes Bronze Age and Modern Age Marvel characters where it's King James is a variation of Wolverine.


title: Marvel 1602

text: The Web Warriors (Alternate versions of Spider-Man) visited the 1602 Universe to deal with the dimension's version of Sinister Six called the Sinister Sextet which consists of Carnage, Electro, Karnov, Magus, and Serpent. After apprehending the villains, they noticed the dimension's Electro has escaped. Unbeknownst to the heroes, Electro followed them back to the Great Web.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar Banner is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as a supporting character in stories featuring his father, the Hulk, who conceived Skaar with the extraterrestrial Caiera during the 2006–2007 "Planet Hulk" storyline. Created by writer Greg Pak and artist John Romita Jr., he first appeared in "What If? Planet Hulk" #1 (cover-dated December 2007).


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar made his animation debut in the animated series "Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H." (2013–2015), and his live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) debut in "" (2022) by Wil Deusner.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar first appeared in "What If? Planet Hulk" #1 (Dec. 2007). Skaar then appeared canonically in "World War Hulk" #5 (Jan. 2008) a miniseries written by Greg Pak, and illustrated by John Romita, Jr. He subsequently starred in his own ongoing series by Pak, "Skaar: Son of Hulk", which ran for 12 issues from 2008 to 2009.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Following the "Planet Skaar" story arc, which resulted in Skaar's arrival on Earth, the book's title changed with issue #13 to "Son of Hulk", after which new writer Paul Jenkins focused on Hiro-Kala, another son of Bruce Banner. The series ran until issue #17. The story of Hiro-Kala that begins in these issues continue in a miniseries that ties into the Realm of Kings event, "Realm of Kings: Son of Hulk" #1-4.


title: Skaar (character)

text: When Greg Pak took over writing chores on "The Incredible Hulk" with issue #601, Skaar allied himself with a de-powered Bruce Banner.


title: Skaar (character)

text: The character would then appear in the "Skaar: King of the Savage Land" miniseries by writer Rob Williams, and later appearing as a regular character in the "Dark Avengers" series, beginning with "Dark Avengers" #175.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar is the son of the Hulk and Caiera the Oldstrong. He was conceived during the Hulk's time on Caiera's home planet of Sakaar. Following the Hulk's departure from the planet, Skaar emerged from a cocoon with the appearance and age equivalency of a human preteen. He matured rapidly, achieving a teenage appearance in just one year. Soon after, Skaar developed the appearance and intelligence of a full-grown adult. To survive, Skaar learned the need to kill as part of his upbringing by the savage creatures of his home planet. He demonstrates himself to be a fierce and capable general, becoming the enemy of Axeman Bone. He later gains the power of the stone-based "Old Power", which allow him to draw energy from the planet itself.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar was able to communicate with the spirit of his supposedly dead mother, Caiera. He fights a war against Axeman Bone, but this only delays his people's escape from the near-destruction of the planet by Galactus, the Devourer of Worlds. Because the planet possesses enough energy to satiate Galactus' hunger for 100,000 years, Caiera takes the Old Power from Skaar as she tries to reason with him. Skaar admits to Caiera that he wanted to clear the evil from the planet. However, the Silver Surfer restores Skaar's Old Power and shows him a vision of the death and destruction of Sakaar, leading Skaar to destroy the evacuation ships. He tells the Surfer that if he does not spare his planet, he will use the Old Power to increase Galactus' hunger and endanger more planets, including those already saved by the Surfer. After the Surfer informs the people of Sakaar that their safety would lead to the death of countless planets, he departs. Caiera denounces Skaar for his decision and absorbs his Old Power. She then exiles him from Sakaar and waits for Galactus to consume her.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar arrives on Earth with the sole desire to kill his father, the Hulk. After conflicts with the United States military, the Fantastic Four and the Warbound, he confronts the Hulk. Unbeknownst to Skaar, the Hulk has changed since his time on Sakaar. After the Hulk engages Skaar, he effortlessly beats him but their fight creates a fissure that endangers a nuclear power plant. Skaar ceases his attack when he realizes that this Hulk is not the "War Hulk" that conceived him, the one he desires to kill. He prevents the fissure from endangering the power plant and declares Earth to be his new home.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar later encounters Bruce Banner, who had been robbed of the ability to become the Hulk by the Red Hulk. Skaar reiterates his desire to kill the Hulk, but he cannot accomplish this by killing him in Banner's form as they had separated into two distinct personas. Bruce offers to teach Skaar how to kill the Hulk should he ever return, but this is a ruse to allow Banner to monitor his "son", and impart fatherly wisdom in the hope of turning the savage warrior into a hero. Skaar demonstrates his ability to use both cunning and physical strength by hurling the villain Juggernaut into outer space. Subsequent lessons by Banner include encounters with Wolverine, Wolverine's son, Daken, Victoria Hand, Moonstone, a mutated Marlo Chandler, Tyrannus, the Mole Man and his army of Moloids.


title: Skaar (character)

text: After defeating the Moloids, Skaar is proclaimed a hero and a parade is held in his honor. Banner confronts the Red Hulk but grows angry. He then teleports to the country of Latveria, supposedly to transform in private but a battle breaks out between the Hulk and the Latverian dictator Doctor Doom. Skaar soon intervenes with the aid of his father's teleportation technology as he wants to prevent Doom from robbing him of the ability to kill the Hulk. Doom overpowers Skaar with magic, reverting him to his human form and revealing that this Hulk is a robot. Banner then arrives to rescue his son, seeing him in his human form for the first time. But Skaar rejects Banner's affection, believing that Banner cares only for his deceased wife. Skaar concludes that his discovery of the teleporter and trip to Latveria are part of another of Banner's "lessons", and reiterates his desire to someday kill him in his Hulk form.


title: Skaar (character)

text: During the "Fall of the Hulks", "World War Hulks", and "Dark Son" storylines, Skaar comes to the aid of the Avengers by battling the Red She-Hulk in a story that involves the villainous group Intelligencia capturing Banner and turning people in Washington, D.C., into Hulks, including the genius Amadeus Cho. Later in the story, Banner re-emerges as the Green Scar, prompting Skaar, who has finally been granted the confrontation he longs for, to attack him. As they fight, the Hulk rescues many innocent bystanders endangered by the battle. Skaar reacts to his father's compassion by ceasing his own assault and reverting to human form, but the Hulk continues fighting. His actions quickly remind him of Banner's own abusive father, reverting him back to his human form. Banner embraces his son, who is finally willing to accept his love. Skaar then sets out on a journey with his father, sister, first cousin once removed Jennifer Walters, Rick Jones, and Betty Ross. Soon after, he senses his brother, Hiro-Kala, approaching Earth.


title: Skaar (character)

text: During the "Chaos War" storyline, Skaar helps his father and his friends in their fight against the forces of Amatsu-Mikaboshi. When it is discovered that Brian Banner has been brought back from the dead and has become a Guilt Hulk/Devil Hulk hybrid, Skaar helps his father fight his grandfather.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar accompanies the Hulk and the Warbound to the Savage Land when they are contacted by Ka-Zar regarding the death of some Sakaarians who were living there. They discover that the insectoid Miek is involved in a plot to use Sakaarian bodies to store his hatchlings. When Skaar refuses to allow the Hulk to harm the hatchlings, Miek attempts to drug Skaar. Following Miek's apparent death, Skaar remains in the Savage Land to keep an eye on the remaining Sakaarians.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar is recruited by Norman Osborn to join the second incarnation of the Dark Avengers. His first fight with the team goes against him when the New Avengers discover them. After the Dark Avengers reveal that they have captured Captain America and are planning to capture the other Avengers to put on trial, Skaar turns on his teammates. It is revealed at that point that Skaar is actually a double agent. He then frees Captain America while the New Avengers defeat the remaining Dark Avengers.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar later travels back to the Savage Land as it reminds him of his home planet. The Hulk in his Doc Green form tracks Skaar there in order to depower him as part of his plan to depower every gamma mutate on Earth. After a brief fight, Skaar is finally depowered. Doc Green teleports Skaar to Paris along with a backpack full of money so he can start a new and better life under the alias "Santos".


title: Skaar (character)

text: The Abomination's company Green Spring later repowers Skaar. While working for Green Spring, Skaar is dispatched to retrieve the escaped gamma mutate Stockpile. This puts Skaar into conflict with the group Gamma Flight, which comes to Stockpile's defense, and the U.S. Hulkbuster Force, which was formed to stop the threat of gamma mutates. Skaar easily defeats the U.S. Hulkbuster Force, but spares its members' lives.


title: Skaar (character)

text: Skaar has powers inherited from both his parents, although this original set has been drained ever since. Like his father, the Hulk, he possesses immense strength, stamina, durability, and healing, as well as enhanced senses. His strength increases whenever enraged such that he could break the Juggernaut's armor, although he was not as strong as the Savage Hulk persona. From his mother, Caiera, Skaar can channel these tectonic energies from the planet, granting him mastery over lava and stone with the Old Power – a synthesized form of the Power Cosmic, but highly unstable. Iron Fist is able to daze him with a powerful chi-punch. He could also revert to a human form when calm or otherwise incapacitated. However, in Skaar's birth cocoon, he emerged from within the depth of "burning waters" and became resistant to its intense heat.


title: Skaar (character)

text: In the 2007 "What If?" storyline "What if Caiera the Oldstrong had survived the destruction of Sakaar instead of the Hulk?", a 21-year-old version of Skaar appeared near the end, partially seen and obscured by shadows.


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: , stylized as ΛLDNOΛH.ZERO, is a television and print series created by Olympus Knights and A-1 Pictures. It presents the fictional story of the Vers Empire's 37 clans of Orbital Knights' attempted reconquest of Earth—enabled by the empowering titular Aldnoah energy/drive technology—following return to Earth as a more technologically advanced people after a human diaspora to the planet Mars.


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: Plotted by Gen Urobuchi with direction by Ei Aoki, the series features principal Japanese voice acting by Natsuki Hanae, Sora Amamiya and Kensho Ono, with animated relational and battle scenes set on or in the orbit of the fictional Earth of 2014, the Landing Castles of the Vers Empire's Orbital Knights, Vers bases on a shattered remnant of Earth's Moon, and occasionally, the Vers palace of its failing emperor on Mars. The series began in July 2014, and as of March 2015, had presented two 12-episode seasons, with Urobuchi, Katsuhiko Takayama and Shinsuke Onishi, and then Hiroyuki Sawano and Kalafina, respectively, receiving principal script-writing and music credits.


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: In an alternate 1972, during the Apollo 17 mission, an ancient alien artifact named the "Hypergate" was discovered on the surface of the Moon, allowing for near-instantaneous travel to and from Mars and the colonisation of Mars. After settlers discover additional alien technology on Mars (dubbed "Aldnoah"), they unilaterally declare independence from Earth to found the Vers Empire. Later, the Vers Empire declares war on Earth, and in 1999, a battle on the Moon's surface causes the Hypergate to explode, shattering the Moon and scattering the remnants of the Moon into a debris belt around Earth. Cut off from Mars, the remnants of the Vers Imperial Army establishes several massive orbital space stations within the debris belt and a ceasefire was established. 15 years later, in 2014, an attack on the First Princess of Vers during a diplomatic mission to Earth causes the Empire and its 37 clans of Orbital Knights to launch a new attack on Earth, this time determined to conquer it once and for all.


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: The series' soundtrack was composed by Hiroyuki Sawano. The first soundtrack album was released on September 10, 2014 featuring 20 tracks, including vocal performances by Aimee Blackschleger, Cyua, Mika Kobayashi, and mpi. A second soundtrack album was included in the sixth Blu-ray & DVD volumes of the anime, which was released on March 18, 2015. The second soundtrack album features 19 tracks, with vocals by Sora Amamiya for the track "Harmonious".


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: The opening theme song for the first season was "heavenly blue" performed by Kalafina, The ending theme songs for the first season were "A/Z" and "aLIEz", both performed by SawanoHiroyuki[nZk]:mizuki. The second season's opening theme song was "&Z" by SawanoHiroyuki[nZk]:mizuki, and the closing theme song was "Genesis" by Eir Aoi, with episode 23 featuring "Harmonious" by Sora Amamiya.


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: "Aldnoah.Zero" was announced on February 15, 2014, as a project headed by Nitro+, with animation by A-1 Pictures and TROYCA. It was created by Gen Urobuchi and is directed by Ei Aoki, with mechanical designs by Kenji Teraoka, characters by Masako Matsumoto, and designs by Takako Shimura. "Aldnoah.Zero"s production committee, Project AZ, consists of Aniplex, Houbunsha, Tokyo MX, Nippon BS Broadcasting, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation, MAGES, Nitroplus and Movic.


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: Katsuhiko Takayama has been responsible for series composition, managing the flow and story of the series. Urobuchi created the mainframe from the story until the preliminary version as Aoki was responsible for the characters; as a result, he does not feel connected with the Inaho developed by Aoki, although he stated, "Aoki-san is a pleasure to work with on storyboard."


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: The director of "Aldnoah.Zero" is Ei Aoki and the original creator is listed as Gen Urobuchi, both of whom had previously collaborated on "Fate/Zero". The main cast was announced by Aoki at AnimeJapan on March 22, 2014. Urobuchi produced the scripts for the opening 3 episodes of the first season, after which Katsuhiko Takayama took over, completing the remaining 9 episodes; Takayama continued in the second season, doing 7, with further writing credits going to Shinsuke Onishi (4 episodes) and Ayumi Sekine (1 episode).


title: Aldnoah.Zero

text: It has been broadcast on Tokyo MX, BS11, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation, Gunma TV and AT-X in Japan, with streaming available on Niconico. Aniplex of America licensed the series for a streamed simulcast beginning in July 2014. It was also streamed in Australia by Hanabee.


title: Bodacious (bull)

text: Bodacious #J-31 (1988—May 16, 2000) was an American bucking bull. He was known throughout the rodeo world as "the world's most dangerous bull." He was also known as "the greatest bull ever to buck." During his rodeo career, he was the 1994 and 1995 Professional Rodeo Cowboy Association (PRCA) Bucking Bull of the Year, as well as the 1995 Professional Bull Riders (PBR) World Champion Bull. He and Bruiser are the only bulls who have won bucking bull world championship titles in both organizations. Bodacious is most well known for his serious injury to bull riding icon Tuff Hedeman. Not long after, Bodacious also seriously injured Scott Breding. His owner, Sammy Andrews, then retired Bodacious. In 1999, Bodacious was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame, and in 2017 into the Bull Riding Hall of Fame. In 2019, the PBR inducted Bodacious into the , which is part of the PBR's , the PBR's unique way of honoring outstanding individuals and livestock in the sport of rodeo.


title: Bodacious (bull)

text: Bodacious, born in 1988 on the Merrick Ranch in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma, was a Charolais/Brahman crossbred known as a Charbray. Bodacious was born a unique yellow color, which was the only thing that distinguished him from the rest of the herd, most of whom were gray-blues and creams. Bill McCann, co-owner of Geary Livestock Auction, near Okeene, Oklahoma, regularly bought cattle from the Merrick Ranch and resold them at auction. In one of the loads he bought, he remembered a yellow calf.


title: Bodacious (bull)

text: In the winter of 1991, when a rancher named Jess Kephart came by McCann's auction yard in Canton, Oklahoma, looking for herd and bucking bulls, the yellow calf that McCann had culled appealed to him. Kephart purchased the calf from McCann and took the bull home to Longdale, Oklahoma. He branded the then-unnamed Bodacious with "J" for his first initial. When the young bull was three years old, Kephart decided Bodacious wasn't what he wanted in a herd bull. When Phil Sumner, a rodeo stock contractor, showed up to see another bull, Kephart offered to throw in "the yellow bull". Sumner paid Kephard about 50 cents a pound, "the going rate for beef on the hoof". It worked out to $700. Sumner took Kephart's "J" brand and extended it to J-31: the 3 stood for the month of March, and 1 stood for 1991, the year he bought the bull. He also weighed young Bodacious at . Sumner never named the bull either due to not feeling sure his bucking ability would give him a good chance at a rodeo career.


title: Bodacious (bull)

text: Sumner brought the skinny three-year-old bull to buck in some local rodeos in northern Oklahoma, but was not impressed with the results. At first, the bull could jump high but "couldn't seem to figure out the point" of the cowboy on his back. The first three riders easily rode until the whistle on him. "I was thinking, Dude, you're going to have to step up your game plan or you're going to be going to McDonald's," Sumner said.


title: Bodacious (bull)

text: But at a rodeo outside Okeene, Oklahoma, a rookie got his hand caught in his bull rope at the top of the bull's back. When the rider started flailing around the side of the bull, trying to dislodge his hand, Bodacious panicked. The bull spun, jumped, and kicked, trying to get free of the rider. He kicked so high he almost flipped over. "By the time the boy pulled free, the bull had nearly gone over the fence". "After that, he had a goal: airmail those cowboys." According to Sumner, something happened to Bodacious after that, and he decided "he didn't want anybody on him or near him". He learned more effective ways to buck people off. Old videos of Bodacious taken from age 3 to age 5 show Bodacious practicing these methods. It didn't take long until bull riders at the local amateur rodeos refused to take on the yellow bull.