title: Sonic Lost World

text: Also returning from "Colors" are the Wisp creatures, which provide short-lived power-ups to Sonic. The Wisps' powers are now controlled using the Wii U GamePad's touchscreen and gyroscopic features. Alongside returning powers such as Drill, Laser and Rocket, new powers include Eagle, which lets Sonic fly through the air, Asteroid, which atomizes objects in his path, and Rhythm, which lets him bounce along a path of notes. There are also some Wisps exclusive to each version of the game. During the game, players can rescue animals by destroying enemies or opening containers, allowing players to progress, or find Red Star Rings that open up circus-themed bonus stages where players can earn more animals. Collecting all the Red Star Rings in the game unlocks the ability to transform into Super Sonic.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The Wii U version supports both co-operative multiplayer, in which a second player can control a remote controlled vehicle to assist Sonic, and competitive multiplayer, in which a second player can use the Wii U Gamepad screen to race against the other player. The game also supports Off-TV Play functionality and formerly Miiverse. Using Miiverse, players could exchange items such as Wisps or shields, which would grow more effective if they were used by other players. The 3DS version supports both local and online multiplayer for up to four players. Players may also customise RC vehicles in the 3DS version, which can then be used in the Wii U version.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The game stars Sonic the Hedgehog, who must defeat the main antagonist Doctor Eggman and stop the Deadly Six. Aiding him in his quest is his best friend Tails, a fox who has the ability to fly. Knuckles the Echidna, Sonic's strong friend, and Amy Rose, his self-proclaimed girlfriend, also make relatively minor appearances.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The main antagonist of the series, Doctor Eggman, is a mad scientist who seemingly turns over a new leaf to help Sonic stop the Deadly Six. Eggman's henchmen Orbot and Cubot make a return appearance. Also serving as the main antagonists and boss characters are the Deadly Six, a group of the world's indigenous Zeti race consisting of the hyperactive Zazz; the obese and dim-witted Zomom; Master Zik, the elderly founder of the tribe and Zavok's teacher; the flirtatious and self-absorbed Zeena; the diminutive and pessimistic Zor; and Zavok, the tribe's leader. The tribe plans to steal the life energy from Sonic's world to increase their own power.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Sonic and Tails pursue Doctor Eggman, who has captured several of their animal friends with the intention of using them to power his robot army. While the two attempt to retrieve a falling capsule filled with animals, Eggman shoots down Tails' plane. However, they end up discovering a world in the sky known as the Lost Hex, and crash land there. As they explore the world, the duo discover that Eggman has enlisted the aid of a group of the world's indigenous Zeti race, collectively known as the Deadly Six, using a magical conch to keep them under his command. However, when Sonic rushes in and kicks the conch away, the Deadly Six betray Eggman and take control of his Badnik army. They then start to use one of Eggman's machines to siphon energy from Sonic's world below, planning to drain all of its life force until there is nothing left and use it to power themselves up. Reluctantly, Sonic agrees to work with Eggman, believing that he needs his help to stop the machine, though this seems to cause some distrust between him and Tails.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: As Sonic battles his way throughout the Lost Hex, the Deadly Six concoct a plan to capture Sonic and turn him into a robot under their control, but they end up accidentally capturing Tails instead. After Eggman is seemingly killed falling into lava, Sonic comes across the Deadly Six as they prepare to use the roboticized Tails against him. However, prior to the conversion, Tails managed to reprogram the process to retain his free will and instead helps Sonic to defeat them. Upon reaching the machine and finding it already switched off, Eggman reappears, having faked his death and used the energy harvested to power his latest giant mech. Sonic defeats Eggman, sending him falling to the planet's surface, and he and Tails restore the stolen energy to the world below before returning home.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: In a post-credits scene, Orbot and Cubot find Eggman, who has survived his fall, and they dig him out of a soft spot of dirt he landed on. Upon realizing that half of his mustache is missing, Eggman throws another tantrum, prompting Orbot and Cubot to run away in fear.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Development for "Sonic Lost World" started shortly after "Sonic Colors" was finished, when a few core members started the experimentation for the former and took place over two-and-a-half years. Sonic Team sought to streamline the controls, increase the length, and add more diverse levels compared to previous entries in the series. After reviewing the history of the franchise with "Sonic Generations", game producer Takashi Iizuka hoped to "deliver a new experience" with "Sonic Lost World". Development started on PC, with early experiments involving "twisted tube-type level[s]" inspired by "Jack and the Beanstalk". As the concept "was totally new", early levels had to be remade "over and over." Players were given greater ability to control Sonic's speed in an effort to create a more traditional platforming experience. The parkour mechanic was introduced to maintain a more fluid sense of movement, in contrast to previous "Sonic" games where running into a wall would force the player to a complete stop. Iizuka stated that "This game is like going into the rabbit hole in "Alice in Wonderland", an action game where you can experience many strange and fun experiences."


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Development ultimately focused on the Wii U and 3DS because of the success of previous "Sonic" games on Nintendo platforms. Because Wii U "has two monitors to use", Sonic Team decided to include both cooperative and competitive multiplayer modes. The Wii U GamePad's touch screen and gyroscope were employed to activate the returning Color Powers. The 3DS version, co-developed with Dimps, was designed to "fully utilize" the 3DS hardware with 3D gameplay and motion controls. Development was harder on 3DS due to its more limited processing power. Iizuka stated that the Color Powers are "essential" to the level design of the 3DS version, while they work as an "additional tool" in the Wii U version. A simple art style was used to make objects stand out more against the backgrounds, and to keep the game running at a consistent 60 frames per second. The design of the new "Deadly Six" villains was based on that of an ogre, and each one's appearance was intended to reflect a certain key characteristic of their personality, which the developers hoped players could see "just by looking at them." The Wii U version of the game was directed by Morio Kishimoto, the director of "Sonic Colors" and the lead designer of "Sonic and the Black Knight", while the 3DS version was directed by Takao Hirabayashi, the director of "Sonic Colors" DS, and previously lead designer of "Sonic Unleashed" PS2/Wii.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Sega trademarked the title "Sonic Lost World" in May 2013. The game was revealed on May 17, 2013, in a Nintendo Direct announcement, as part of an exclusive partnership between Sega and Nintendo for the "Sonic the Hedgehog" series. It is one of three games in this partnership, the other ones being the fourth entry to the "Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games" series, and "", a game based on the "Sonic Boom" animated series. Sega reported that more on the game would be revealed before E3 2013, and that the game would contain both returning and new original characters, both in enemies and friends of Sonic. The first trailer for the game was released on May 28, a day earlier than previously announced. A downloadable demo of the game's first stage was made available for both consoles on October 9 in Japan and in mid-November in North America and Europe. To promote the release of "Sonic Lost World", Hardlight released an update for "Sonic Dash" that includes a boss battle against Zazz, one of the Deadly Six. "Super Smash Bros. for Wii U" also includes a stage based on Windy Hill Zone from the game as well.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The soundtrack was composed and directed by Tomoya Ohtani, with Takahito Eguchi handling the orchestration and cutscene music. Naofumi Hataya also contributed a single piece, the theme for "Desert Ruins Zone - Act 3". A three-disc soundtrack, "Sonic Lost World Original Soundtrack Without Boundaries", was released physically in Japan and digitally worldwide via iTunes and Amazon Music on November 27, 2013.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: A special, limited stock "Deadly Six" edition of the Wii U version of the game was available for pre-order, which included special "Nightmare" downloadable content (DLC), featuring a new stage and boss battles based on one of Sonic Team's previous games, "Nights into Dreams". Clearing the DLC unlocks a special Color Power, the Black Bomb, normally only obtainable via Miiverse. Pre-ordering the game from Amazon.com allowed the player to start off with twenty-five extra lives.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: A patch for the Wii U version was released on December 10, 2013, adding additional features such as button controls for some Wisps and the traditional extra life reward for collecting 100 rings. On December 18, 2013, Nintendo announced two exclusive pieces of free DLC for the Wii U version based on other Nintendo games. The first DLC stage, """ Zone", was released on the day of the announcement, with a second installment, ""The Legend of Zelda" Zone", released on March 27, 2014.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: "Sonic Lost World" received "mixed or average" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. During its opening week in the UK, "Sonic Lost World" charted at #11 on the All-formats chart for sales, but achieved the top spot on the Wii U chart and #4 on the Nintendo 3DS chart. As of the end of 2013, Sega had shipped 640,000 copies of the game. As of March 31, 2014, the game had sold 710,000 copies.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The game's presentation was well received. Chris Plante ("Polygon") praised the Wii U version's visuals and music as "arguably the best" in the series. Tim Turi ("Game Informer") wrote that "The orchestrated tracks evoke "Mario Galaxy" in the best ways." Mark Walton ("GameSpot") and Chris Scullion ("Computer and Video Games") singled out the candy-themed "Dessert Ruins" level as a visual highlight. However, Turi made note of "ultra-compressed" cutscenes in the 3DS version. Vince Ingenito ("IGN") was favorable to the "pleasant" art direction and stable framerate, but criticized the "subdued" color palette. Roger Hargreaves ("Metro") stated that the "imaginative" designs and "spectacular set piece[s]" kept him "interested to know what comes next." Chris Schilling ("Eurogamer") was effusive: "Blue skies forever!"


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Strong criticism was directed at the game's control scheme, especially the new parkour mechanic. Turi "never got a good feel for the rhythm of wall running and jumping, and felt lucky to pass sections where it was forced." Hargreaves, Walton, and Matthew Castle ("Official Nintendo Magazine") agreed. Ingenito found it problematic that Sonic tends to wall-run on every nearby vertical surface. Schilling singled out the multi-lock homing attack, writing that while it usually worked "perfectly well", it appeared to "inexplicably fail" on occasion. Ingenito, Turi, and Hargreaves agreed. Castle struggled with the homing attack "locking on too late or attacking enemies in awkward sequence." However Justin Towell ("GamesRadar") defended the control scheme, explaining that while it had a learning curve, it also "modernize[s] environmental traversal" and "provide[s] a distinct safety net". Towell argued that Sonic was mainly hard to control in 2D because there are "so many rules for how Sonic reacts contextually to his environment". Reona Ebihara ("Famitsu") stated that the ability to slow down made the game easier to play for beginners. However, Turi criticized Sonic's "odd sense of momentum" and imprecise jumps, stating that switching between two speeds is "jarring" and produces "touchy platforming". Schilling excoriated the "profoundly frustrating" controls as the worst in the series, explaining that "Sonic's too sluggish while walking, and too skittish to cope with the trickier platforming bits when running". Ingenito agreed: "I've played a lot of Sonic over the years, and the controls have never felt as alien and inconsistent as they do here."


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Several critics felt that Sonic controlled better on the 3DS. Jose Otero ("IGN") said the parkour "felt great" and "turned most obstructions into minor hurdles" in this version. Joe Skrebels ("Official Nintendo Magazine") felt that Sonic "controls far better at top speed on 3DS". Stephen Totilo ("Kotaku") stated that the 3DS version does a better job of teaching the controls, although Turi derided its "constant, lengthy tutorial text". However, Schilling called the homing attack "even more capricious" on 3DS.


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Reaction to the game's level design was mixed. Turi made note of oddly placed invisible springs in the Wii U version's "confusing" and "aggravating" levels, and expressed frustration with the 3DS version's "head-scratching" puzzles. Walton preferred the "inoffensive" 2D sections to the "frustrating mishmash of speed and exploration" found in 3D. Plante praised the Wii U version's 3D stages as "wildly creative exercises in platforming experimentation" while decrying its 2D stages as "so clunky and tiresome that it's hard to imagine a time when a side-scrolling Sonic was actually good." Philip Kollar ("Polygon") was harsher on the 3DS version due to its "confusing and labyrinthine" level design and "awkward puzzles". Ingenito stated that the Wii U version's levels were stuck in "design gridlock" and "lack[ed] rhythm and cohesion". Otero praised the 3DS version's "better levels" as "competently made race tracks full of alternate pathways", but called the "trial and error" required to complete the "slower-paced 3D stages" "incredibly frustrating". Castle stated that the Wii U version's "best stages play to the strengths of Sonic's tiered speed", while Skrebels felt the 3DS version featured levels well-suited for handheld play. Totilo praised "the intuitive, flowing, player-friendly levels of the 3DS version" but panned "the badly-explained, choppy, punitive levels of the Wii U version". Schilling wrote that "I came perilously close to "biting" my GamePad at one particularly sharp difficulty spike." "Edge" noted that "Sonic games, and platformers in general, have always been about memorizing the lay of the land, but rarely have mistakes been so costly or heavily punished."


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The alternate gameplay styles polarized many critics. Daniel Cairns ("VideoGamer.com") and Castle highlighted the level where Sonic becomes a giant snowball as "genuinely excellent" and "a cool riff on "Monkey Ball"", whereas Turi and Ingenito described it as "atrocious", "uncontrollabl[e]" and "the exact opposite of fun". Turi "received multiple game overs during a mundane mandatory pinball sequence." Walton felt that some of the Wisps were an "amusing aside," but problematic motion controls and short time limits impaired their utility. Justin Speer ("GameTrailers") stated that the Wisps felt out-of-place in the Wii U version. Totilo preferred how the Wisps were implemented in the 3DS version, but Towell stated that while they were "more integral" to the design, they tended to interrupt "the free-form gameplay" with "clumsy mechanic[s]". Towell described the 3DS version's motion-controlled Special Stages as "borderline unplayable". Totilo and Castle criticized the Wii U version's "Jetpack Joyride"-style flying levels as "regrettable" and "horribly imprecise". Turi and Totilo criticized the Wii U version's balloon-popping minigame as "mind-numbing" and "awkward". Turi called the Wii U version's co-op mode "useless". Castle wrote that "Two-player races would be a cool addition were it not for the horrible framerate issues."


title: Sonic Lost World

text: The Deadly Six were negatively received. Although Towell enjoyed their "fun, stereotypical personalities", he was disappointed by their "awful" dialogue. Speer called the boss battles "weirdly anticlimactic", and Ingenito stated they were "some of the most boring in the series' history". Turi referred to the Deadly Six as "generic", "forgettable", and "some of the most aggressively annoying villains ever." "EGM Now" observed that the Deadly Six's presence "does subvert the worn-out Sonic-versus-Dr. Eggman concept," adding: "I can’t figure out if the plot is brilliantly aware self-parody or whether it was scrawled together by a couple of grade-schoolers on a Tokyo playground—both options seem equally probable, frankly."


title: Sonic Lost World

text: Critics disagreed over what to make of the game as a whole. In 2015, "USgamer" referred to "Lost World" as "perhaps Sonic's best outing in years." Jim Sterling ("Destructoid") said it "can wildly swing from brilliant to horrific at the drop of a hat, but when one steps back and takes a look at the whole production, one sees far more to love than hate." Plante noted that "the early stages display a degree of design ingenuity and polish which gradually degrades". David McComb ("Empire") called it "A cheap, cruel, crushing disappointment in the wake of "Sonic Colors" and "Generations"." Walton concluded that "in overtly coveting the great Italian plumber, it smothers the talents of its blazing blue hedgehog."


title: Tim McCarthy

text: Timothy J. McCarthy (born June 20, 1949) is an American former policeman and special agent in the United States Secret Service. McCarthy is best known for defending President Ronald Reagan during the assassination attempt on Reagan's life on Monday, March 30, 1981, in Washington, D.C.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: During the assassination attempt, McCarthy spread his stance to protect Reagan as six bullets were being fired by the would-be assassin, John Hinckley Jr. McCarthy stepped in front of President Reagan, and took a bullet to the chest but made a full recovery.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: After the assassination attempt, McCarthy was hailed as a hero and received the NCAA Award of Valor in 1982.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: McCarthy was born on June 20, 1949, and was raised in Chicago's Ashburn neighborhood. He graduated from St. Denis Grammar School and Leo Catholic High School. He then attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: He joined the Fighting Illini football team as a walk on in his freshman year. He earned a football scholarship for his sophomore year and played as strong safety his junior year before an injury ended his college career.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: While there, he was a member of Delta Tau Delta. He graduated in 1971 with a Bachelor of Science in finance and joined the United States Secret Service shortly thereafter.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: His career included eight years assigned to the Presidential Protective Division in Washington D.C. and 14 years as a criminal investigator in Chicago. McCarthy was the special agent in charge of the Secret Service Chicago Division from 1989 until his retirement in October 1993.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. opened fire on President Ronald Reagan as he exited the Washington Hilton Hotel after giving a speech, firing six bullets in 1.7 seconds. As Special Agent In Charge Jerry Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, McCarthy put himself in the line of fire and spread his body in front of Reagan to make himself a target. He was struck in the chest by the fourth bullet, the bullet traversing McCarthy's right lung, diaphragm, and right lobe of the liver. McCarthy was not wearing a bullet proof vest.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: McCarthy was not supposed to be on duty that day. At the last minute, the Secret Service received a request for an officer to provide protection to Reagan for an AFL-CIO luncheon on March 31. McCarthy and a colleague flipped a coin to see who would have to fill in on their day off; McCarthy lost.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: McCarthy was taken to George Washington University Hospital, and was operated on near the president. He was the first of the wounded men to be discharged from the hospital.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: In 1998, he ran for the Democratic nomination for Illinois Secretary of State against Jesse White of Chicago, then the Recorder of Deeds for Cook County, and State Senator Penny Severns of Decatur. Severns was removed from the ballot after failing to meet the signature requirement. McCarthy ran an outsider campaign that took a law-enforcement approach to the Secretary of State's office including standardized DUI tests and easier to read license plates. White won the primary election with 55% of the vote to McCarthy's 45% of the vote, or a margin of 100,195 votes.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: In 1999, he earned a Master of Science degree in criminal/social justice from Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: In March 2016, he was awarded the first annual Chief of Police of the Year award by the Illinois Association of Chiefs of Police. The award cited his legislative advocacy, supervision of the building of the country's first police station to receive a LEED Gold certification, working to establish the South Suburban Major Crimes Task Force, promoting crisis intervention training for officers and the use of Narcan to prevent heroin overdoses. From July 2016 to April 2017 he served as the acting village manager of Orland Park. In recent years, he has served as the corporate vice president of a security systems company. Currently, he speaks to schools and conventions about his experiences as a Secret Service Agent during the Reagan administration.


title: Tim McCarthy

text: McCarthy was interviewed in 2016 about the release of John Hinckley Jr., and responded: "I don't have to agree with it, but I expected it. There are very few cases that people, after a period of time, are not viewed as no longer being a danger to themselves or others. I hope they're right about it. It's a big decision. I give the judge credit. That's what he gets paid for."


title: Judge Mathis

text: Judge Mathis is an American syndicated arbitration-based reality court show presided over by Judge Greg Mathis, a former judge of Michigan's 36th District Court and Black-interests motivational speaker/activist.


title: Judge Mathis

text: The courtroom series premiered on Monday, September 13, 1999. The first-run syndication broadcast features Judge Mathis adjudicating small claims disputes from his studio courtroom set. The series is NAACP Image Award winning, as well as the first court show featuring an African American jurist to win Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Legal/Courtroom Program.


title: Judge Mathis

text: "Judge Mathis" is produced by Telepictures Productions and Syndicated Productions, while distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution. The courtroom series is filmed in front of a studio audience at the NBC Tower in Chicago, but includes cases and litigants from other U.S. jurisdictions.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Of the court shows currently in production, "Judge Mathis" is the third longest running, behind only "Divorce Court" and "The People's Court", respectively. Of the 3 court shows, however, only "Judge Mathis" has had a continuous series run, never suspended by series cancellations/revival reincarnations. As "Divorce Court" and "The People's Court" have also faced numerous judge-role casting changes, Mathis is the second longest reigning judge in television court show history, behind only Judy Sheindlin ("Judge Judy" and "Judy Justice") by 3 years. The 24th season of "Judge Mathis" premiered on September 5, 2022.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Mathis typically begins proceedings by immediately giving the plaintiff the floor, having him/her expound on their side of the dispute in its entirety so as to gain insight into the matters. Mathis subsequently grants the defendant the same opportunity. Cases on "Judge Mathis" tend to go deeper and to more revealing places than those of most other court shows. He calls attention to peculiarities or juicy details exposed throughout the course of the proceedings as a means of making the cases more stimulating to viewers. More open and unreserved in his personal beliefs than other judges, Mathis never hesitates to tackle serious, topical societal issues, political and mental health matters, and any other touchy subjects that emerge during the proceedings. Not one to shy away from disclosing his liberal mindset, Mathis ties in his social justice and rehabilitation perspectives into the cases.


title: Judge Mathis

text: While hearing the testimonies, Mathis takes on a relaxed, attentive, understanding and open-minded nature. Rarely missing an opportunity to jest or poke fun, however, Mathis is given to wit and humor, also good-natured ridicule and ribbing of the parties, often rousing his audience to uproarious amusement. He sometimes cuts the tension–even tension he himself has fostered–with wisecracks or playfully taunting remarks. Mathis has bantered directly at audience members on occasion, also resulting in audience amusement. A trademark, Mathis sporadically uses a rather high-pitched voice to stultify litigants in a manner that suggests they've acted foolishly or have not recognized the obvious.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Combined with his teasing and comedic tendencies on the bench, Mathis is known for his street smart; urban expressions; and, once he has closely observed, reasoned back and forth, and taken a stance on the litigants and matters brought before him, his stern, shaming and firmly lecturing side as well. Occasionally, Mathis leaves the courtroom to deliberate and then returns with his verdict. Upon final judgment, he may briefly explain the legal principle guiding his verdict, especially if his ruling is based on a particular state's law. Reportedly, Mathis's rulings conform to the laws of the state where the case was originally filed. In recent years, the show has begun to conduct paternity testing in disputes about child custody, and drug testing if applicable. Mathis often offers or compels drug treatment and family counseling for those parties in need.


title: Judge Mathis

text: As a child and teenage delinquent, Mathis found himself embroiled in frequent legal woes. He was a member of a street gang in Detroit, and he was arrested and sentenced to jail for illegally carrying a firearm when he was 17 years old.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Mathis was brought up in one of the worst housing projects in Detroit while raised by a single mother. During his youth, he was involved with gangs (most notably the Errol Flynns gang), dropped out of school and spent time behind bars. Growing up as a gang member and heroin dealer in the mean streets of Detroit, Michigan, Mathis had done plenty of time in juvenile detention centers before age 17. All this changed when a judge gave him an ultimatum—either get a G.E.D. or go to jail. At the same time, Mathis found out his mother was dying of cancer. Rushing to her side, he promised her he'd turn his life around, which he did: he attended college; attended law school, earned a Juris Doctor degree, and passed the bar.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Mathis has frequently used his courtroom series to highlight his troubled-youth-turned-success-story as a way of motivating and inspiring his audience (especially youth audience) that there's no adversity that they can't pick themselves up from. It is from his background where Mathis derives much of his arbitration formula and television show theme. For example, the court show's title sequence music video throughout early seasons of the program consisted of a brief dedication to Mathis's life story, Mathis narrating with the lines: "I was raised in the streets, arrested several times as a kid. But I didn't give up. I went from jail to judge in 15 years. And that's when I began to make a difference giving back through public service. I believed in myself and I believe in every single person that comes into this courtroom. I know people can change, obstacles can be overcome, and great success can be achieved. Because in my courtroom it happens everyday". Mathis later shared that he took the job as television arbitrator on the condition that his life story was shared as part of the opening for each episode.


title: Judge Mathis

text: In the same likeness of his experience, Mathis takes a distinct admiration to litigants who have seen the error of their troubled ways and have made efforts to improve and better their lives. Mathis also makes efforts to promote treatment and programs for individuals struggling with drug and alcohol addictions.


title: Judge Mathis

text: By the 2014–15 television season, "Judge Mathis" made it to its 16th season, making Mathis the longest-serving African American and Black court show arbitrator, surpassing Joe Brown ("Judge Joe Brown"), whose program lasted 15 seasons. Moreover, Mathis holds the record for second-longest serving court show arbitrator ever, just behind Judge Judy Sheindlin, the presiding judge of the court show "Judge Judy" and its spin-off series "Judy Justice".


title: Judge Mathis

text: "Judge Mathis" entered its milestone 20th season on Monday, September 3, 2018, and currently is presiding in his 24th season of the program (2022–23). The success of "Judge Mathis" is particularly noteworthy in that, generally speaking, court show programming has a very limited shelf life. The programs in this genre are lucky to make it past a few seasons. "Judge Mathis" is the fourth longest-running courtroom series behind "Judge Judy", "The People's Court" (2nd longest running), and "Divorce Court" (longest running). Though while both "Divorce Court" and "The People's Court" have experienced series cancellations/revival reincarnations and shifting arbitrators, "Judge Mathis" has not. Consequently, of the court shows with a single production life, "Judge Mathis" is the second longest-running (second only to "Judge Judy" by three seasons).


title: Judge Mathis

text: Of the long list of court shows, the only programs still in production in the genre originating from the 1990s or prior are "Divorce Court" (1957), "The People's Court" (1981), and "Judge Mathis" (1999). Of those three, only "Judge Mathis" has not suffered temporary cancellations in the midst of its series run. Also of the three, Mathis is the only arbitrator to have hosted his program for the entirety of its run.


title: Judge Mathis

text: In 2017 into early 2018 during the program's 19th season, Mathis considered ending his courtroom series as he was heavily encouraged by his hometown community to run for congressman of Detroit, Michigan. Due to the successful direction and longevity of his television series, Mathis eventually opted against the congressional opportunity in favor of carrying on the "Judge Mathis" program. Mathis stated he would like to do his court show for as long as he can. In Mathis's words, “It’s really not up to me. It’s up to the viewers. I enjoy what we do, particularly the last several years, when we were able to focus a lot more and put more resources, thanks to Warner Brothers and Telepictures, toward changing lives." Mathis expressed value in his court show's influence on drug and alcohol addicts to enroll in rehabiliation, its offering of paternity test results to litigators, and providing counseling to troubled parties.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Mathis has stated that from the beginning, he only expected his court show to last 3 seasons. "Judge Mathis" is one of the longest running, successful programs in the court show genre. Since the 2018–19 television season, it's one of two courtroom programs to have existed for two decades under one arbitrator. As of fall 2021 with the departure of "Judge Judy", "Judge Mathis" is now the only program currently still in production to have existed for over two decades under one arbitrator.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Judge Greg Mathis's "inspirational and positive messages to young people" won the court show a PRISM Commendation in May 2002. The court show went on to win an "NAACP Image Award for Outstanding News/Information – Series" in 2004. In April 2018, the court show won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Legal/Courtroom Program, just ahead of making its milestone 20th season.


title: Judge Mathis

text: When "Judge Mathis" was crowned the winner of the Daytime Emmy Award in 2018, it became the first courtroom series with an African American jurist to win the award. In his acceptance speech for his first-ever Emmy win, he credited his diverse staff of females and minorities:


title: Judge Mathis

text: Each episode runs for one hour and typically consists of 4 cases. The show is broadcast five days a week in every U.S. state, as well as Canada through Omni Television.


title: Judge Mathis

text: The cases on "Judge Mathis" are classified as tort-law civil disputes with a maximum $5,000 claim, a typical amount for small claims court. The producers of the show select the cases. To acquire cases, the show solicits real-life litigants with pending disputes or individuals with potential disputes.


title: Judge Mathis

text: If litigants agree to be on the show, they are paid a talent fee ranging from $150 to $300, and they receive travel accommodations. Mathis has prior knowledge of the cases. In all cases, litigants give their prospective case managers all evidence in advance. Any outside legal case pending must be dismissed by both parties.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Typically, Mathis's producers only seek cases that they deem juicy and sensational enough for television.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Each case's litigators enter the second-floor studio at the NBC Tower separately and plead their case in front of studio audience. The show pays for the litigants' travel and hotel fees, provided by a small stipend for those selected to appear before Mathis, standard practice for courtroom television programming.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Mathis, which films from the NBC Tower in Chicago, Illinois, reported that production consulted him about shooting the court show from Los Angeles, California. Production had expressed interest in Mathis being closer to the rest of the celebrity industry. Although he considered this suggestion, Mathis vehemently denied the option. In Mathis's words, "I didn't want to interrupt the success. I felt that it was working well, so why disturb that? Secondly, I just love Chicago a lot more than Los Angeles.”


title: Judge Mathis

text: Like most television program seasons premiering in the fall of 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, "Judge Mathis" was forced to enter into a new season (its 22nd) in resourceful fashion. As "Judge Mathis" cases are pre-taped well in advance of airing for editing purposes, the program had to shoot cases during the height of the pandemic.


title: Judge Mathis

text: Unlike other courtroom programs, Greg Mathis, the bailiff, the litigators and the audience all initially presented in person (as opposed to virtually). That being said, by September 7, 2020, when the series premiered its 22nd season, there were a host of on-set precautionary measures in place: a significantly depopulated courtroom audience; all members of the audience widely distanced from one another; all audience members wearing clear plastic face shields; Bailiff Doyle wearing a disposable surgical face mask; a structure bearing a large window placed between Judge Mathis and his litigators; etc. In this manner, Mathis and his litigators all remained unmasked throughout the court proceedings.


title: Judge Mathis

text: These COVID-19 measures were later updated that same season: the litigants, along with their witnesses if necessary, presented testimony from remote locations through webcam. Video monitors were set up in Mathis's courtroom on the litigant podiums. Mathis himself along with Baliff Doyle presented to the courtroom in person however.


title: Judge Mathis

text: "Judge Mathis"s current bailiff, Doyle Devereux, has been with the program for most of its series run, since January 2003, midway into the court show's 4th season. It was revealed in an "Hour Detroit" news publication that Devereux was never a real-life bailiff, however, rather an actor cast by the program to play the role of one. In Doyle's words, "The show is real, the cases are real, you guys are real. If there’s something that could be a little fake about this show, it’s me."


title: Judge Mathis

text: Prior to Devereux, Kevin Lingle was the court show's bailiff for a short duration during the show's 4th season as well.


title: Judge Mathis

text: The court show's first bailiff, Brendan Anthony Moran, died on 19 December 2002 after he fell to his death from the balcony of his 24th floor Chicago condo. His death was ruled a suicide, although Moran's family think differently.


title: Judge Mathis

text: On September 20, 1999, during the first season of the "Judge Mathis" show, Leslie (Pallotta) Merrill, a former news anchor for WPGH Pittsburgh became the show's court reporter. Her role was to interview the litigants after Judge Mathis passed judgment and rendered his verdict on each case. She left the show at the start of season 2.


title: BTR-D

text: The BTR-D is a Soviet airborne multi-purpose tracked armoured personnel carrier. It was introduced in 1974 and first seen by the West in 1979 during the Soviet–Afghan War. BTR-D stands for "Bronetransportyor Desanta" (БТР-Д, Бронетранспортер Десанта, literally "armoured transporter of the Airborne"). It is based on the BMD-1 airborne IFV. NATO gave it the designation BMD M1979.


title: BTR-D

text: In 1969, the BMD-1 airborne IFV entered service with the Soviet Army. The vehicle had many flaws, but the biggest one was that the troop compartment was extremely cramped and could only transport up to four infantrymen. This number was often reduced to three because it was impractical for four infantrymen to operate inside the troop compartment and dismount from the vehicle.


title: BTR-D

text: At the beginning of the 1970s, the Volgograd Tractor Factory design bureau, who designed the BMD-1, began designing a new airborne APC based on the BMD-1. The prototype was completed in 1974. The same year it entered production and service with the Soviet Army as the BTR-D.


title: BTR-D

text: While the BTR-D is based on the BMD-1, it is 60 mm longer and lacks a turret. Instead, it has a small flat superstructure with a hatch on top.


title: BTR-D

text: The crew consists of the driver, the commander and the left bow mounted machine gun gunner, all of whom are in the same positions and have the same equipment as in the BMD-1.


title: BTR-D

text: The turret with all of the main armament was removed. The two bow mounted machine guns were retained. The original PKT tank machine guns were replaced by PKB general purpose machine guns. The vehicle can also be fitted with pintle-mounted automatic grenade launchers (AGS-17, AGS-30 or AGS-57) and/or machine guns (PKM, 6P41 "Pecheneg", NSV-127 "Utyos" or 6P49 "Kord").


title: BTR-D

text: The BTR-D is powered by the same engine as the BMD-1. Its suspension is longer because the entire vehicle has been lengthened by 60 mm. Because of this, the vehicle has six roadwheels on each side instead of five. It has five return rollers on each side unlike the BMD-1, which has four.


title: BTR-D

text: The armour protection is slightly better on the BTR-D than on the BMD-1 due to the upper front armour having a dual slanted angle.


title: BTR-D

text: With the turret removed, the troop compartment was enlarged and can carry up to ten equipped soldiers. It's also linked with the crew compartment in the front. There are two firing ports in the sides and one in the rear, two of which are for RPK-74 light machine guns.


title: BTR-D

text: The BTR-D has all the same equipment as the BMD-1, with added towing equipment for a ZU-23-2 twin AA autocannon.


title: BTR-D

text: The BTR-D entered service with the Soviet Army in 1974. It was used by Soviet airborne troops during the Soviet–Afghan War, where it was seen for the first time by the West in 1979.


title: BTR-D

text: As of now, the BTR-D and vehicles based upon it are used by the following units of the Russian Army or are stationed in following bases:


title: The Cars discography

text: The discography of the American rock band the Cars includes seven studio albums, eight compilation albums, four video albums and 26 singles. Originating in Boston in 1976, the band consisted of singer/guitarist Ric Ocasek, singer/bassist Benjamin Orr, guitarist Elliot Easton, keyboardist Greg Hawkes, and drummer David Robinson. The Cars sold over 23 million albums in the United States and had 13 singles that reached the Top 40. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018.


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: Kutty () is 2010 Indian Tamil-language romantic action-drama film directed by Mithran Jawahar, who with the project, recombines with the lead actor following the success of their previous venture. The film stars Dhanush, Shriya Saran and Sameer Dattani (in her Tamil debut) with Radha Ravi playing a pivotal role. The film, a remake of the Telugu film "Arya" (2004), has Gemini Film Circuit as the producers, whilst Devi Sri Prasad handled the music composition. The film, which was under production for a year, was released on 14 January 2010 coinciding with the Tamil festival of Thai Pongal for mixed to positive reviews, become a decent hit at the box office and completed its 50 days of theatrical run.


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: At the Kanyakumari beach, Geetha (Shriya Saran) looks at a lonely lying personal diary where she enjoys a poem written in it. She admires the poem by relying on the same page. While she and her friend admire the beauty of the sunrise, she accidentally loses one of her anklets (it falls in the sea). She sees a person jumping in after it, and she perceives him to have died in the waters. The incident haunts her in her dream again and again, and she feels very guilty for it. Back to the present in Chennai, Geetha eventually meets a rich, handsome boy Arjun (Sameer Dattani), in her college, who impresses her to win her love. He proposes to her and threatens her to love him or else he would die by jumping from the college rooftop. Already feeling guilty for being the cause of a person's death, not willing to let it happen again, Geetha accepts his love and screams "I love you" in front of the entire college to Arjun, which was witnessed by Kutty (Dhanush).


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: Kutty proposes his love for Geetha in front of Arjun, which shocks Geetha and annoys Arjun. Geetha turns down his request again and again and reminds him of her relationship with Arjun. However, Kutty instead tells her that it is not an issue to him and tells her to continue loving Arjun and he would never stop loving her. Arjun is irritated by Kutty's acting. He fights with him in order to bully him into stopping but instead was challenged by Kutty that if Arjun is confident in his love, no one would separate Geetha from him. Arjun finds no option but to accept in order to prove his confidence in his love (else accept that his love is weak). Kutty pulls all kind of stunts to impress Geetha (including winning a rigged race in order to protect Geetha's chastity from Arjun) but fails to make her accept his love.


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: Meanwhile, Arjun introduces Geetha to his father (Radha Ravi) expecting him to approve and bless their marriage, but his father, seeing to further his political ambitions, engages a minister's daughter (who is shown to be a spoilt girl of questionable character) for Arjun. So Arjun escapes with Geetha, who is helped by Kutty. Kutty, Arjun, Geetha are chased by Arjun's father's men but are unable to catch them. Meanwhile, old wounds renew between Kutty and Arjun. After an intense (kung-fu) fight with the henchmen (where Arjun runs and Kutty fights), Arjun leaves Geetha with Kutty without saying anything to either of them. Kutty takes care of Geetha, which touches her. She soon realizes the love he has for her and regrets not having met him before her commitment to Arjun. She tries telling the same to him, but Kutty, thinking that Geetha is scolding him, closes his ears and does not hear what she actually said to him (he does that a couple of times in the movie).


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: Arjun arrives at the scene with his father in tow, now all happy for their marriage. Geetha leaves with Arjun to marry him. On the wedding day of Arjun and Geetha, Kutty wanders here and there to look after wedding-related works. His friends understand his internal pain and slap him, begging him to cry at least now. While Geetha is on her way to the ceremony, Kutty stops her and openly expresses his pain of his love and how he is going to miss her and asks if his love did touch her at least once, without knowing that his love touched her already. He then laughs and passes it off as a prank. Geetha stares speechless with helplessness. Kutty's kid friends present Geetha with a gift from Kutty. The gift turns out to be Geetha's lost anklet and the poem page where she wrote a reply while she was in Kanyakumari. Kutty was the person who jumped into the sea to take her anklet and was assumed dead by Geetha. Geetha finally realizes her love for Kutty, rejects her marriage with Arjun, and goes to Kutty and accepts his love finally by hugging him.


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: Mithran Jawahar first started working on the remake of the Telugu film "Arya" (2004) in December 2004, but the project was later indefinitely put on hold.


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: In January 2008, Gemini Film Circuits bought the remake rights of the Telugu film "Arya" and claimed to be ready to produce a film with Dhanush and Shriya Saran in the lead role, with Balasekaran being named as a director. However, the film remained inactive for nearly a year until following the success of "Yaaradi Nee Mohini", Mithran Jawahar was signed up to replace Balasekaran. The film was launched and titled "Kadhir", but eventually went through a change of name to become "Kutty". The film, launched in December 2008 and shooting proceeded in a number of schedules with filming taking place in Chennai, Vishakhapatnam and Kodaikanal. During the production of the film, it was acquired to be distributed by Sun Pictures, however the deal late fell through but the film eventually released during the Pongal festival on 14 January 2010.


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: The soundtrack consisted primarily of recycled tunes from the original Telugu film by music director Devi Sri Prasad. "Aa Ante Amalapuram" was replaced with "Kannu Rendum" which was reused from Devi's other Telugu song "Yenthapani" from Telugu film "King" (2008) however other tunes were retained from the original. The film's soundtrack was released 23 December 2009. People who were present at the small function were A. Jawahar, Devi Sri Prasad and the producers .


title: Kutty (2010 film)

text: Upon release, the film generally received mixed reviews. A reviewer from Rediff gave the film 2.5 out of 5, claiming that the film is a "fun ride" and despite seeming to be the "same old story" with a "predictable end", he adds, "you're glued to the screen because of the intriguing plot twists". Sify describes the film as a "clean entertainer", citing that the film works "as it is a clean, honest, romantic musical that's worth a matinee for the family audiences", though it isn't "without hiccups" as it "lacks comedy" and could have needed some editing works in the second half. Similarly a reviewer from Times of India also described the film as a "clean entertainer" and praised director Jawahar, citing that he "deserves a round of applause", while criticizing the narration that "appears like a lecture students term as 'blade'" and the climax that "has happened in only a 1000 other movies". Behindwoods gave the film 2 out of 5 and cites that the film is "definitely different from the regular commercial" and that "the director has tried hard to make a feel good romantic flick and has partially succeeded".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: John Perry Barlow (October 3, 1947February 7, 2018) was an American poet, essayist, cattle rancher, and cyberlibertarian political activist who had been associated with both the Democratic and Republican parties. He was also a lyricist for the Grateful Dead, a founding member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Freedom of the Press Foundation, and an early fellow at Harvard University's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow was born in Sublette County, Wyoming near the town of Cora, the only child of Norman Walker Barlow (1905–1972), a Republican state legislator, and his wife, Miriam Adeline Barlow ( Jenkins, later Bailey; 1905–1999), who married in 1929.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow's paternal ancestors were Mormon pioneers. He grew up on Bar Cross Ranch in Cora, Wyoming, a property his great-uncle founded in 1907, and attended elementary school in a one-room schoolhouse. Raised as a devout Mormon, he was prohibited from watching television until the sixth grade, when his parents allowed him to "absorb televangelists".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Although Barlow's academic record was erratic throughout his secondary education, he "had his pick of top eastern universities... simply because he was from Wyoming, where few applications originated". In 1969, he graduated from Wesleyan University's College of Letters. He claimed to have served as Wesleyan's student body president until the administration "tossed him into a sanitarium" following a drug-induced attempted suicide attack in Boston, Massachusetts. After two weeks of rehabilitation, he returned to his studies. In his senior year, he became a part-time resident of New York City's East Village and immersed himself in Andy Warhol's Factory demimonde, cultivating a friendship with Rene Ricard and developing a brief addiction to heroin.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: As he neared graduation, Barlow was admitted to Harvard Law School and contracted to write a novel by Farrar, Straus and Giroux at the behest of his mentor, the autodidactic Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and historian Paul Horgan. Initially supported by a $5,000 or $1,000 advance from the publisher, he decided to eschew these options in favor of spending the next two years traveling around the world, including a nine-month sojourn in India, a riotous winter in a summer cottage on Long Island Sound in Connecticut, and a screenwriting foray in Los Angeles. Barlow eventually finished the novel, but it was rejected by several publishers (including Farrar, Straus and Giroux) and remains unpublished. During this period, he also "lived beside Needle Park on New York's Upper West Side and dealt cocaine in Spanish Harlem".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: At age 15, Barlow became a student at the Fountain Valley School in Colorado Springs, Colorado. There he met Bob Weir, who later co-founded the Grateful Dead. Weir and Barlow maintained a close friendship through the years.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: As a frequent visitor during college to Timothy Leary's facility in Millbrook, New York, Barlow was introduced to LSD; he later claimed to have consumed the substance over 1,000 times. These transformative experiences led him to distance himself from Mormonism. He went on to facilitate the first meeting between the Grateful Dead and the Leary organization (who recognized each other as kindred souls in spite of their differing philosophical approaches) in June 1967.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: While on his way to California to reunite with the Grateful Dead in 1971, Barlow stopped at his family's ranch, not intending to stay. His father had suffered a debilitating stroke in 1966 before dying in 1972, resulting in a $700,000 business debt. Dismayed by the situation, Barlow changed his plans and began practicing animal husbandry under the auspices of the Bar Cross Land and Livestock Company in Cora, Wyoming, for almost two decades. To support the ranch, he continued to write and sell spec scripts. In the meantime, Barlow was still able to play an active role in the Grateful Dead while recruiting many unconventional part-time ranch hands from the mainstream as well as the counterculture. Prior to his death in 2018, John Byrne Cooke intended to produce a documentary film (provisionally titled "The Bar Cross Ranch") that documented this era.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow became interested in collaborating with Weir at a Grateful Dead show at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, in February 1971. Until then, Weir had mostly worked with resident Dead lyricist Robert Hunter. Hunter preferred that those who sang his songs stick to his "canonical" lyrics rather than improvising additions or rearranging words. A feud erupted backstage over a couplet in "Sugar Magnolia" from the band's most recent release (most likely "She can dance a Cajun rhythm/Jump like a Willys in four-wheel drive"), culminating in a disgruntled Hunter summoning Barlow and telling him "take [Weir]—he's yours".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In late 1971, with a deal for a solo album in hand and only two songs completed, Weir and Barlow began to write together for the first time. They co-wrote songs such as "Cassidy", "Mexicali Blues" and "Black-Throated Wind", all three of which remained in the repertoires of the Grateful Dead and of Weir's varied solo projects. Barlow subsequently collaborated with Grateful Dead keyboardist Brent Mydland, a partnership that culminated in four songs on 1989's "Built to Last". He also wrote one song ("The Devil I Know") with Mydland's successor, Vince Welnick.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In 1986, Barlow joined The WELL, an online community then known for a strong Deadhead presence. He served on the company's board of directors for several years. In 1990, Barlow founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) with fellow digital-rights activists John Gilmore and Mitch Kapor.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: As a founder of EFF, Barlow helped publicize the Secret Service raid on Steve Jackson Games. His involvement is documented in "" (1992) by Bruce Sterling. EFF later sponsored the groundbreaking case "Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service" in support of Steve Jackson Games. Steve Jackson Games won the case in 1993.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In 1996, Barlow was invited to speak about his work in cyberspace to a middle school classroom at North Shore Country Day School. This event was highly influential upon the life of then-student Aaron Swartz: Swartz's father Robert recalls Aaron coming home that day a changed person.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In 2003, Barlow met the recently appointed Brazilian Minister of Culture Gilberto Gil at the event Tactic Media Brazil to discuss the perspectives of digital inclusion and political participation, which in the following years helped shape Brazilian governmental policy on intellectual property and digital media. In 2004, the two began working together to expand the availability and variety of Brazilian music to remix and share online. At the same time, as one of the "digerati", Barlow was among the first users of the invitation-only social network Orkut at its inception. He decided to send all of his 100 invitations to friends in Brazil; two years later, some 11 million internet users in that country (out of 14 million total) were on the social network.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: From 1971 to 1995, Barlow wrote lyrics for the Grateful Dead, mostly through his relationship with Weir. Barlow's songs include "Cassidy" (about Neal Cassady and Cassidy Law), "Estimated Prophet", "Black-Throated Wind", "Hell in a Bucket", "Mexicali Blues", "The Music Never Stopped" and "Throwing Stones".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow wrote extensively for "Wired" magazine, as well as "The New York Times", "Nerve", and "Communications of the ACM". In his writings, he explained the wonder of the Internet. The Internet to him was more than a computer network; he called it an "electronic frontier". "He frequently wrote in language that echoed Henry Morton Stanley's African diary. 'Imagine discovering a continent so vast that it may have no end to its dimensions. Imagine a new world with more resources than all our future greed might exhaust, more opportunities than there will ever be entrepreneurs enough to exploit, and a peculiar kind of real estate that expands with development. Imagine a place where trespassers leave no footprints, where goods can be stolen infinite number of times and yet remain in the possession of their original owners, where business you never heard of can own the history of your personal affairs.'"


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow's writings include "A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace", written in response to the enactment of the Communications Decency Act in 1996. The EFF saw the law as a threat to the independence and sovereignty of cyberspace. He argued that the cyberspace legal order would reflect the ethical deliberation of the community instead of the coercive power that characterized real-space governance. Since online "identities have no bodies", they found it inappropriate to obtain order in the cyberspace by physical coercion. Instead, ethics, enlightened self-interest and the commonwealth were the elements they believed to create a civilization of the Mind in Cyberspace.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In his 1990 piece "Crime and Puzzlement: in advance of the law on the electronic frontier", Barlow wrote about his firsthand experience with Phiber Optik (Mark Abene) and Acid Phreak (Elias Ladopoulos) from the hacker group Masters of Deception, and mentioned Kevin Mitnick—all of whom were engaged in phone phreaking. The title alludes to "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoevsky.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow is credited with popularizing of the concept of pronoia (defined as the opposite of paranoia) and was considered a celebrity ally of the Zippy Pronoia Tour in 1994.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In 1998, Barlow wrote the article "Africa Rising: Everything You Know About Africa Is Wrong" for "Wired", which documented the start of his extensive travels as he worked to expand Internet access across the continent: "I went from Mombasa to Tombouctou, experiencing various parts of Kenya, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Uganda, and the Virunga volcano area where Uganda, Rwanda, and the Congo meet. Part of the idea was that I would attempt to email "Wired" a series of dispatches on my travels. The act of finding a port into cyberspace would be part of the adventure… Before I left, I believed Africans could proceed directly from the agricultural epoch into an information economy without having to submit to the dreary indignities and social pathologies of industrialization".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow also returned to writing lyrics, most recently with The String Cheese Incident's mandolinist and vocalist Michael Kang, including their song "Desert Dawn". He was seen many times with Carolyn Garcia (whose monologue is dubbed on the eponymous track "Mountain Girl") at their concerts mixing with the fans and members in the band, and was a close friend of String Cheese Incident producer Jerry Harrison. He also participated with the Chicago-based jam band Mr. Blotto on their release "Barlow Shanghai". Barlow was a spiritual mentor and student of Kemp Muhl and Sean Lennon, collaborating with their band The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger and making a cameo in their 2014 music video "Animals".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: One of Barlow's works that has remained in circulation is his "Principles of Adult Behavior", which he wrote in 1977 on the eve of his 30th birthday and continued to use to describe his approach to life. He described his reason for writing these as he was about to enter adulthood, "my wariness of the pursuit of happiness might be a subtle form of treason". While he considered most of the 25 statements similar to the platitudes Polonius dispensed to Prince Hamlet, the 15th attracted attention: "Avoid the pursuit of happiness. Seek to define your mission and pursue that". That was counter to prevailing thought and "un-American". Barlow saw this more as a way to challenge how one perceived their life, their job, and their goals in life, and to not see achieving happiness as "an obligation [one owes] to Jefferson, the United States, or God Itself".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow was chairman of the Sublette County Republican Party, and served as western Wyoming campaign coordinator of Dick Cheney’s 1978 Congressional campaign.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: He was chairman of the Sublette County Master Plan Design Commission and served on the Sublette County Planning and Zoning Commission for many years; in that capacity, he was one of five ranchers who administered water distribution in the New Fork Irrigation District (an area of nearly 100,000 acres serving about 35 ranchers).


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Although he had lauded Cheney as "the smartest man I've ever met [with] the possible exception of Bill Gates", Barlow renounced Cheney before his Vice Presidency, owing to his perceived repudiation of environmental and civil-rights issues in Congress. Barlow opined that "Dick's votes… were parts of complex deals aimed at enhancing his own power… [H]e has the least interest in human beings of anyone I have ever met".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow was named "One of the 25 Most Influential People in Financial Services" in the June 1999 issue of "FutureBanker Magazine". By the early 2000s, Barlow was unable to reconcile his ardent libertarianism with the prevailing neoconservative movement, and "didn't feel tempted to vote for Bush". In 2004, he said that he was "voting for John Kerry, though with little enthusiasm".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Contemporaneously, he characterized cocaine derogatorily as a "Republican drug" that "makes its users self-obsessed, aggressive, and greedy". Barlow subsequently said that he remained a Republican, most notably during an appearance on "The Colbert Report" on March 26, 2007, and also claimed on many occasions to be an anarchist.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow said he voted for Natural Law Party Presidential candidate John Hagelin in 2000 after discovering in the voting booth that his friend Nat Goldhaber was Hagelin's running mate. He said in 2004: "I'm embarrassed for my country that in my entire voting life, there has never been a major-party candidate whom I felt I could vote for. All of my presidential votes, whether for George Wallace, Dick Gregory, or John Hagelin, have been protest votes". Barlow condemned Donald Trump in November 2016, characterizing him as a "thorough creep" and "toxic asshole" in a Facebook "micromanifesto".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Until his death, Barlow served on the EFF's board of directors, where he was listed as a co-founder after previously serving as vice chairman. The EFF was designed to mediate the "inevitable conflicts that have begun to occur on the border between Cyberspace and the physical world". It tried to build a legal wall separating and protecting the Internet from territorial government, especially the US government.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In 2012, Barlow was one of the founders of the EFF-related Freedom of the Press Foundation and also served on its board of directors until his death. He had several public conversations via video conference with fellow Freedom of the Press Foundation Board of Directors member Edward Snowden, and appeared in interviews with Julian Assange of WikiLeaks touting Snowden as a hero.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow was a Fellow of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School (1997–2007; Fellow Emeritus thereafter); a member of the advisory board of Diamond Management & Technology Consultants (1994–2008); a member of the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences; and "professor of cyberspace" (2011) at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In his final years, Barlow spent much of his time on the road, lecturing about and consulting on civil rights, freedom of speech, the state of the internet and the EFF. He delivered lectures and panel discussions at TWiT Live, TedxHamburg, Hamburg (Germany), Greenfest SF, Civitas (Norwegian think tank), Internet Society (New York Chapter), the USC Center on Public Diplomacy, and the European Graduate School. On September 16, 2012, he was a presenter at TEDxSantaCruz, in Santa Cruz, California.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: On September 8, 2014, Barlow was the first speaker in the Art, Activism, and Technology: The 50th Anniversary of the Free Speech Movement colloquium series at University of California, Berkeley.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow also served on the advisory boards of the Marijuana Policy Project, Clear Path International, TTI/Vanguard, the Hypothes.is project, the stakeholder engagement nonprofit Future 500 and the global company Touch Light Media founded by Anita Ondine. He was a collaborator on the WetheData project founded by Juliette Powell.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: He was listed as Vice President at Algae Systems, a Nevada-based company with a working demo-scale pilot plant in Daphne, Alabama, dedicated to commercializing novel methods at the water-energy nexus for growing microalgae offshore as a second-generation biofuels feedstock and converting it to useful crude via hydrothermal liquefaction, while simultaneously treating wastewater, reducing carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, and producing biochar.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: At Startup Grind Jackson Hole on March 13, 2015, Barlow said that he was motivated to team up with Algae Systems after undergoing back surgery to address pain from an old ranching injury, while he had been an advisor to Herb Allison (president of Merrill Lynch at the time) and working to completely "electronify" financial transactions and speculative asset assembly. The surgery successfully alleviated the pain and catalyzed Barlow to change his focus from building wealth to building infrastructure in order to do something about the "amount of alterations we are already enacting on Planet Earth… We are not necessarily making it warmer, but weirder". At Startup Grind Jackson Hole, Barlow also explained how once over tea with "Grandmother of the Conservation Movement" Mardy Murie, he was inspired by her words, "Environmentalists can be a pain in the ass… But they make great ancestors". Adopting this philosophy, he stated, "I want to be a good ancestor".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: For several years, Barlow attended Burning Man. In 2013, he led a town hall meeting with Burning Man co-founder Larry Harvey about "the current state [o]f Practical Anarchy at Burning Man".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: A stir in the media transpired when retired U.S Army general Wesley Clark attended Burning Man in 2013 and spent time with Barlow and Harvey.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow appeared in many films and television shows, both as an actor and as himself. Interviews with Barlow have been featured in documentaries such as the Tao Ruspoli-directed film "Monogamish" (under production), "Bits & Bytes" (under production), and "Dying to Know: Ram Dass & Timothy Leary".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: The iPhone app Detour, released in February 2015 by Groupon founder and ex-CEO Andrew Mason, features a 75-minute audio tour narrated by Barlow as he walks through the Tenderloin neighborhood in downtown San Francisco.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow's memoir, "Mother American Night: My Life in Crazy Times", was published posthumously in June 2018. Written with Robert Greenfield, it is a full-length recounting of his life and times. The book was completed days before Barlow's death in February of that year.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow married Elaine Parker Barlow in 1977, and the couple had three daughters: Amelia Rose, Anna Winter, and Leah Justine. Elaine and John separated in 1992 and divorced in 1995. In 2002, he helped his friend, the realtor, entrepreneur, model and actress Simone Banos deliver her daughter Emma Victoria, whom he regarded as his surrogate daughter thereafter.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow was engaged to Cynthia Horner, a doctor he met in 1993 at the Moscone Center in San Francisco while she was attending a psychiatry conference and Barlow was participating in a Steve Jobs comedy roast at a convention for the NeXT Computer. She died unexpectedly in 1994 while asleep on a flight from Los Angeles to New York City, days before her 30th birthday, from a heart arrhythmia apparently caused by undetected viral myocarditis. Barlow describes this period in his life in the "This American Life" episode "Conventions", from August 29, 1997.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow had been a good friend and mentor to John F. Kennedy Jr., ever since his mother Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis had made arrangements for her troublesome son to be a wrangler at the Bar Cross Ranch for six months in 1978. The two men later went on many double dates in New York City with Cynthia and Kennedy's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In a piece for Nerve, "A Ladies Man and Shameless: A Polygamist's Manifesto", Barlow professed his love of many women at the same time, and summarized the relationships in his personal life: "I doubt I'll ever be monogamous again ... I want to know as many more women as time and their indulgence will permit me ... There are probably twenty-five or thirty women—I certainly don't count them—for whom I feel an abiding and deep emotional attachment. They're scattered all over the planet. They range in age from less than half to almost twice my own. Most of these relationships are not actively sexual. Some were at one time. More never will be. But most of them feel as if they could become so. I love the feel of that tension, the delicious gravity of possibilities".


title: John Perry Barlow

text: In 2014, Barlow suffered the loss of Buck, his beloved Maine Coon cat that he believed to be a bodhisattva; the cat had many fans on social media.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: After a series of illnesses, Barlow suffered a near-fatal heart attack on May 27, 2015. He later reported that he was recovering. After a prolonged hospitalization, the John Perry Barlow Wellness Fund was established in October 2016 to allay outstanding medical bills and "provide the quality and consistency of care that is critical to Barlow's recovery as he faces a variety of debilitating health conditions", including "extremely compromised mobility". A concert held on October 11, 2016, to benefit the fund at Sweetwater Music Hall in Mill Valley, California, featured Weir, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Jerry Harrison, Les Claypool, Robin Sylvester, Jeff Chimenti, Steve Kimock, Sean Lennon, Lukas Nelson, and members of The String Cheese Incident.


title: John Perry Barlow

text: Barlow died in his sleep on the night of February 7, 2018, at his San Francisco home, at the age of 70.


title: Somatic cell

text: A somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα "sôma", meaning "body"), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. Such cells compose the body of an organism and divide through the process of binary fission and mitotic division.


title: Somatic cell

text: In contrast, gametes are cells that fuse during sexual reproduction, germ cells are cells that give rise to gametes, and stem cells are cells that can divide through mitosis and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types. For example, in mammals, somatic cells make up all the internal organs, skin, bones, blood and connective tissue, while mammalian germ cells give rise to spermatozoa and ova which fuse during fertilization to produce a cell called a zygote, which divides and differentiates into the cells of an embryo. There are approximately 220 types of somatic cell in the human body.


title: Somatic cell

text: Theoretically, these cells are not germ cells (the source of gametes); they transmit their mutations, to their cellular descendants (if they have any), but not to the organism's descendants. However, in sponges, non-differentiated somatic cells form the germ line and, in Cnidaria, differentiated somatic cells are the source of the germline. Mitotic cell division is only seen in diploid somatic cells. Only some cells like germ cells take part in reproduction.


title: Somatic cell

text: As multicellularity evolved many times, so did sterile somatic cells. The evolution of an immortal germline producing specialized somatic cells involved the emergence of mortality, and can be viewed in its simplest version in volvocine algae. Those species with a separation between sterile somatic cells and a germline are called Weismannists. Weismannist development is relatively rare (e.g., vertebrates, arthropods, "Volvox"), as many species have the capacity for somatic embryogenesis (e.g., land plants, most algae, and numerous invertebrates).


title: Somatic cell

text: Like all cells, somatic cells contain DNA arranged in chromosomes. If a somatic cell contains chromosomes arranged in pairs, it is called diploid and the organism is called a diploid organism. The gametes of diploid organisms contain only single unpaired chromosomes and are called haploid. Each pair of chromosomes comprises one chromosome inherited from the father and one inherited from the mother. In humans, somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. By contrast, gametes of diploid organisms contain only half as many chromosomes. In humans, this is 23 unpaired chromosomes. When two gametes (i.e. a spermatozoon and an ovum) meet during conception, they fuse together, creating a zygote. Due to the fusion of the two gametes, a human zygote contains 46 chromosomes (i.e. 23 pairs).


title: Somatic cell

text: A large number of species have the chromosomes in their somatic cells arranged in fours ("tetraploid") or even sixes ("hexaploid"). Thus, they can have diploid or even triploid germline cells. An example of this is the modern cultivated species of wheat, "Triticum aestivum L.", a hexaploid species whose somatic cells contain six copies of every chromatid.


title: Somatic cell

text: The frequency of spontaneous mutations is significantly lower in advanced male germ cells than in somatic cell types from the same individual. Female germ cells also show a mutation frequency that is lower than that in corresponding somatic cells and similar to that in male germ cells. These findings appear to reflect employment of more effective mechanisms to limit the initial occurrence of spontaneous mutations in germ cells than in somatic cells. Such mechanisms likely include elevated levels of DNA repair enzymes that ameliorate most potentially mutagenic DNA damages.


title: Somatic cell

text: In recent years, the technique of cloning whole organisms has been developed in mammals, allowing almost identical genetic clones of an animal to be produced. One method of doing this is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" and involves removing the nucleus from a somatic cell, usually a skin cell. This nucleus contains all of the genetic information needed to produce the organism it was removed from. This nucleus is then injected into an ovum of the same species which has had its own genetic material removed. The ovum now no longer needs to be fertilized, because it contains the correct amount of genetic material (a diploid number of chromosomes). In theory, the ovum can be implanted into the uterus of a same-species animal and allowed to develop. The resulting animal will be a nearly genetically identical clone to the animal from which the nucleus was taken. The only difference is caused by any mitochondrial DNA that is retained in the ovum, which is different from the cell that donated the nucleus. In practice, this technique has so far been problematic, although there have been a few high-profile successes, such as Dolly the Sheep and, more recently, Snuppy, the first cloned dog.


title: Somatic cell

text: Somatic cells have also been collected in the practice of cryoconservation of animal genetic resources as a means of conserving animal genetic material, including to clone livestock.


title: Somatic cell

text: Development of biotechnology has allowed for the genetic manipulation of somatic cells, whether for the modelling of chronic disease or for the prevention of malaise conditions.


title: Somatic cell

text: Genetic engineering of somatic cells has resulted in some controversies, although the International Summit on Human Gene Editing has released a statement in support of genetic modification of somatic cells, as the modifications thereof are not passed on to offspring.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Get Carter is a 2000 American action thriller film directed by Stephen Kay and starring Sylvester Stallone in the title role, Miranda Richardson, Rachael Leigh Cook, Alan Cumming, Mickey Rourke, John C. McGinley, Michael Caine, and Rhona Mitra. It is a remake of the 1971 film of the same name, in which a younger Caine played the leading role. The film was first announced in 1997 with Tarsem Singh attached to direct. Samuel Bayer was also in talks before Kay signed on.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: The film was released in the United States on October 6, 2000. Critical reaction was negative, and the film flopped at the box office, with worldwide earnings of approximately $19 million against a production budget of nearly $64 million.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Jack Carter, a mob enforcer living in Las Vegas, returns home to Seattle after hearing that his brother, Ritchie, was killed in a drunk driving accident. His partner, Con McCarty, covers for him with his mob boss, Fletcher - whose girlfriend Audrey is having an affair with Jack.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: At his brother's funeral, Jack meets his niece, Doreen, and Eddie, a friend and co-worker of Ritchie. Both tell Jack that Ritchie rarely drank and would never have driven while intoxicated; Eddie also says Ritchie would not be involved in any illicit activities. He also talks to a woman, Geraldine, who is evasive and cryptic about her relationship to Ritchie. At the wake, Jack continues questioning mourners and well-wishers about what happened to his brother, drawing the ire of Ritchie's widow, Gloria.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: He confronts the owner of the club Ritchie managed, loan shark Cliff Brumby. Brumby doesn't believe Ritchie was murdered, but tells Jack that Ritchie was having an affair with Geraldine, an associate of local boss Cyrus Paice.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Jack questions Paice but doesn't get any useful information. He follows Paice and is led to Jeremy Kinnear, a wealthy computer mogul who hired Paice to discreetly procure beautiful women for him at parties so he can present a "professional" and squeaky-clean image. However, Paice is now blackmailing Kinnear into running Paice's pornographic websites. Unable to get any straight answers, Jack carefully examines surveillance tapes from Brumby's club.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: He discovers that Paice produces amateur porn movies using young women drugged and raped by Eddie and Geraldine; one video shows Doreen as one of the victims. Geraldine found out Doreen was Ritchie's daughter and gave the video disc to Ritchie, but Ritchie was murdered and set up to look like an accident before he could take it to the police.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Audrey breaks up with Jack, who tells Fletcher that he is done with Vegas; McCarty and another gangster are sent to confront Jack, who manages to evade them. Jack talks with Doreen about what happened in the video, comforting her and telling her she is a good person.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Jack sets out on a path of vengeance. Geraldine calls Jack, apologizing for what happened to Doreen and says that Paice is coming to kill her; Jack arrives to find her body. He then heads to Eddie's apartment to interrogate him. Eddie tells Jack that Paice is at Kinnear's; Jack throws him off the balcony to his death. McCarty tracks Jack to Eddie's apartment, beginning a car chase; McCarty is forced off the road, crashing violently and presumably killing the mobsters. At Kinnear's house, Jack confronts Paice, who claims Kinnear is the man behind Ritchie's murder. Jack attempts to hit Paice from behind, but Paice sees him in a reflection and ducks. Paice then pummels him to the ground while commenting that Ritchie put up more of a fight than he did, thereby admitting that he was involved in his brother's death. Paice walks away and joins some women on the busy dance floor.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Bloodied, Jack gets up and follows Paice to the dance floor, telling him he should finish what he starts. Paice agrees; he tries to sucker punch Jack, but Jack floors him with one punch before brutally beating Paice to death. Jack pulls his pistol and points it directly at Paice's face.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Jack confronts Kinnear, who says that he only told Paice to get the disc back from Ritchie, not kill him, and that Paice and Brumby committed the murder; Jack lets Kinnear live.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: In a car park, Jack finds Brumby attempting to steal the disc from Jack's car. Brumby admits involvement in the murder, warning Jack that killing him will force him to run for the rest of his life. As Brumby walks away, Jack calls out to him. Brumby won't turn around and Jack shoots him in the back.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Having settled the score for his brother, a now shaven Jack meets Doreen one last time at Ritchie's grave and explains that he has to go away for a while. After reminding her that she is special, they say their goodbyes. Jack gets into his car and opens a map that leads to Las Vegas.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: DVD was released in Region 1 on February 13, 2001, and Region 2 on 24 June 2002, it was distributed by Warner Home Video.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: The film flopped at the box office, grossing less than $20 million worldwide on a budget of $63.6 million.


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: The film received an 11% favorable rating among the critics tracked by Rotten Tomatoes, based on 61 reviews, with an average rating of 3.70/10. The consensus reads, "Michael Caine shows up to collect a paycheck, and so does everyone else in this rote, middling remake." At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has an average weighted score of 24 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Among positive reviews, JoBlo.com praised "the sharp turn given by Sly Stallone, its groovy tunes, and its generally dark and gritty nature." Rob Blackwelder of SPLICEDWire called the film "a stimulating visual showcase of stylish film making that keeps a viewer's attention." Chuck O'Leary of FulvueDrive-in.com said that "the original "Get Carter" is better, but this is quite watchable as far as modern-era remakes go".


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Shawn Levy of the "Portland Oregonian" gave an average review, saying that while "the film doesn't touch the original, it doesn't hit rock bottom, either." Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" said the film is "not a terrible movie" but "too routine for its own good." Marc Savlov of "The Austin Chronicle" said that "the film itself is a muddle, but what is good is Stallone". Bob Graham of the "San Francisco Chronicle" said the film "is murkier than it needs to be, through no fault of Stallone's".


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Among the negative reviews, Todd McCarthy of "Variety" called the film "a useless remake." Elvis Mitchell of "The New York Times" said that the film is "so minimally plotted that not only does it lack subtext or context, but it also may be the world's first movie without even a text". Elizabeth Weitzman of the "New York Daily News" called the film "a throwaway story hidden beneath a messy jumble of weird camera angles, worthless editing tricks and an ill-placed, obnoxious score".


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: Later Stallone said: “Believe it or not, I think Get Carter was really underrated. That was a big disappointment. I learned the hard way that [remakes], even if you do it better than the original, there’s a tremendous nostalgia attached to the original. And quite often they’re not done as well.“


title: Get Carter (2000 film)

text: The film was nominated for Worst Actor (Sylvester Stallone) and Worst Remake or Sequel at the 21st Golden Raspberry Awards in 2000. At the 2000 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film received four nominations: Worst Picture, Worst Director (Kay), Worst Actor (Stallone), and Worst Remake/Sequel.


title: Master Gardener (film)

text: Master Gardener is a 2022 American independent crime thriller film written and directed by Paul Schrader and starring Joel Edgerton, Sigourney Weaver, and Quintessa Swindell. The film had its world premiere at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 2022.


title: Master Gardener (film)

text: Narvel Roth is the meticulous horticulturist of Gracewood Gardens, a beautiful estate owned by wealthy dowager Mrs. Haverhill. When she orders Roth to take on her troubled great-niece Maya as his apprentice, his life is thrown into chaos and dark secrets from his past emerge.


title: Master Gardener (film)

text: It was announced in September 2021 that Joel Edgerton and Sigourney Weaver had been cast in the film, written and directed by Paul Schrader. Filming began in Louisiana on February 3, 2022, and was scheduled to take place in the St. Francisville area through early March. On February 8, it was announced that two more actors joined the cast, Quintessa Swindell (replacing Zendaya, whom Schrader originally had in mind), and Esai Morales.


title: Master Gardener (film)

text: "Master Gardener" had its world premiere at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 2022.


title: Master Gardener (film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 66%, based on 29 reviews, and an average rating of 6.7/10.


title: Taish

text: Taish is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language neo-noir action thriller drama film directed by Bejoy Nambiar. The film stars Pulkit Samrat, Kriti Kharbanda, Jim Sarbh, Sanjeeda Shaikh, and Harshvardhan Rane. It is produced by Deepak Mukut, Bejoy Nambiar, and Nishant Pitti. The film was released on ZEE5 on 29 October 2020 as a feature film and six episodic series, simultaneously.


title: Taish

text: The movie follows Rohan Kalra a general practitioner doctor who lives with his girlfriend Aarfa Khan a pakistani who is an orthopedic surgeon. Rohan gets a call from his parents about coming to his younger brother Krish's wedding. He and Aarfa get into an argument and Rohan has to leave for the wedding by himself where his mother is eager for Rohan to get married as well and forces him to consider some marriage proposals. The scene changes add Sunny Lalwani, Rohan's best friend comes for the wedding. Later in the evening it is revealed that Krish's fiance, Mahi had cheated on him by sleeping with one of her ex's a month before wedding. And before their cocktail party they get into an argument but that later on gets sorted and they decided to continue with the marriage.


title: Taish

text: Here we get introduced to a violet criminal family lead by the eldest brother Kuljinder who is getting married to his sister in law Jahan, who has an affair with his younger brother Pali(who wants to leave the family business to run away with Jahan). On the day of the marriage Pali enters the venue and threatens Kuljinder with a gun. However Pali gets dragged out of the venue before he could do anything. This infuriates Pali who vows to kill Kuljinder if he fires the first bullet. Some days later Jahan escapes home and spend the night with Pali. She later informed him after her being pregnant with his child. After this Pali decides to run away with Jahan and start a new life,however his dreams get shattered after Jahan's sister Sanober discovered the truth and forces her to abort.


title: Taish

text: The two families collide with each other after Sunny gets to know about Rohan being molested by one of his father's friend who turns out to be Kuljinder. Rohan beats Kuljinder badly such that he becomes paralysed for rest of his life and damages his vocal cords such that he can't speak as well. When this gets to Kuljinder's family they blame Pali because of his throat to Kuljinder on his wedding night. To prove his innocence Pali decides to avenge his brother's state resulting in Sunny and Krish getting kidnapped the day is the wedding where Krish gets killed and Sunny is badly injured. Here Pali and Sukhi, his best friend get arrested after Rohan and his family file a case against them. Pali gets jailed and Rohan moves to somewhere remote after blaming Sunny for Krish's death.


title: Taish

text: The film's music was composed by Raghav Sachar, Prashant Pillai, Govind Vasantha, Enbee and Gaurav Godkhindi, while lyrics were written by Rohit Sharma, Hussain Haidry, Armaan Khera and Enbee.


title: Taish

text: Anna MM Vetticad from "Firstpost" rated "Taish" 3.25 out of 5 and stated "Taish the series is fair enough, but it is the film that manages to effectively convey the wrath and passion of the title, making it Nambiar’s best work yet" Shubhra Gupta from "The Indian Express" wrote "The web series goes back and forth in time, and then leaps to the present, leading to some amount of confusion. And then there is Nambiar’s old nemesis, the lack of substance which you end up missing in all the style"


title: Taish

text: Pallabi Dey Purkayastha from "The Times Of India" wrote " Taish is timely, stylish and has an important life lesson to impart – that revenge is never the answer and rage triggers rage – but the execution and storytelling technique should have been much tighter, and with a climax that would have taken the viewers by total surprise"


title: Taish

text: Adithya Narayan Taish from "The Hindu" reviewed "Taish’s failure lies in its inability to exploit one of the luxuries afforded by the medium: scope for character development. "Scroll.in" stated Taish always looks poised to say something deep and memorable about the need to process old wounds and think before you act. It’s often loud and unwieldy, but it’s flashy and good-looking too in its own way"


title: Martin Margiela

text: Martin Margiela (born 9 April 1957) is a Belgian fashion designer, artist, and founder of French luxury fashion house Maison Margiela. Throughout his career, Margiela has maintained a low profile, refusing to grant face-to-face interviews or be photographed. Since leaving fashion in 2009, he has emerged as an artist, exploring the themes that made him an iconic figure in fashion. He is considered to be one of the most influential fashion designers in recent history for his iconic deconstructed, upcycled aesthetic and oversized silhouette.


title: Martin Margiela

text: Martin Margiela was born on 9 April 1957 in the city of Genk in Limburg, Belgium. He became interested in fashion as a child after watching a TV show featuring influential 1960s designers André Courrèges and Paco Rabanne. As a teenager, he began putting second-hand clothes from flea markets together to create cheap but stylish looks. His taste for pre-worn clothes would later influence his work as a full-fledged designer at major fashion houses. He befriended Inge Grognard who shared his interest in fashion and would later become the make-up artist for all of his shows.


title: Martin Margiela

text: He went on to study fashion at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) and graduated in 1979, a year before the avant-garde fashion collective the Antwerp Six.


title: Martin Margiela

text: After graduation, Margiela worked as a freelance designer for five years. In 1984, he moved to Paris to work as a design assistant to Jean Paul Gaultier until 1987.


title: Martin Margiela

text: Margiela founded his eponymous label, Maison Martin Margiela, in 1988 with his business partner Jenny Meirens. Meirens, the owner of a designer clothing boutique in Brussels, described Margiela as "the most talented young designer" she had ever seen.


title: Martin Margiela

text: Margiela presented the Spring/Summer 1990 collection in the first show for his eponymous label in the fall of 1989 on a derelict playground in a North African neighborhood on the outskirts of Paris. It was an unusual show with an uneven runway and intentionally stumbling models, which created a public spectacle that shocked the industry. As opposed to the popular themes of extravagance, bold colors, and wide shoulders at the time, his collection included ripped sleeves, frayed hems, and clumpy shoes. To show respect for the community, local kids were also asked to hand draw invitations in art classes in school and were seated in the front row during the show.


title: Martin Margiela

text: Maison Martin Margiela's ultra-discreet trademark consists of a piece of cloth with the numbers 0-23. The badge is attached to the inside with four small, white pick-stitches, exposed to the outside on unlined garments. For the 20th anniversary the anonymous tag was replaced by a classic logotype.


title: Martin Margiela

text: In stark contrast to most of his peers, he has always remained backstage and does not take a bow after his shows. Since 1988, he has never agreed to a formal interview or been photographed for any magazine. All media contacts were conducted via fax and later email. The idea was to emphasize that his designs should speak for themselves and they are the product of a collaborative team, rather than his own.


title: Martin Margiela

text: Maison Margiela was acquired by the OTB Group in 2002. Margiela remained as creative director, but "had not been involved in recent collections" according to Renzo Rosso, the CEO of OTB Group, in 2008. He had privately expressed desire to stop designing and begun a search for his successor. His close associates speculated that he wanted to "enjoy his life outside the insistent glare of the fashion world." In early 2008, he approached Raf Simons, the creative director of Jil Sander, and offered to hand the reins of Maison Margiela to him, but Simons appeared to have declined the offer and instead renewed a three-year contract with Jil Sander.


title: Martin Margiela

text: In December 2009, Margiela formally left his eponymous label. No successor was named and the house continued to operate by a team of designers until John Galliano was appointed as creative director in 2014.


title: Martin Margiela

text: Margiela was named creative director of womenswear at Hermès in 1997. The news of an avant-garde designer becoming the head of a conservative and classic French house surprised the industry. Though his designs for Hermès didn’t resemble the forward-leaning work of his own label, he nonetheless incorporated a deconstructivist philosophy to his work there. He pioneered a timeless wardrobe focused on quality and inspired by 1920s sports and leisure clothing. Despite initial doubts by fashion critics, he created several understated collections, from loose-fitting masculine tailoring to black crêpe evening dresses that were the height of discreet elegance. Among his original designs include a jacket that can be rolled and carried like a bag, coats with removable collars and fastenings, the iconic twice looping strap of the Cape Cod watch, and "the losange", a diamond shaped scarf that has become one of Hermès' bestsellers. All shows were held at the ultra-luxurious rue St-Honoré Hermès store in Paris.


title: Martin Margiela

text: In 2003, Margiela stepped down from his role at Hermes to focus on his own label and was succeeded by his former mentor, Jean Paul Gaultier.


title: Martin Margiela

text: After leaving fashion, Margiela turned to art as a medium of expression. He spent two years working with "Lafayette Anticipations – Galeries Lafayette Corporate Foundation" to create more than 40 art works for his first solo exhibition that debuted in October 2021. Among the exhibits included silicon spheres covered in human hair, large-scale paintings of dust particles, and blank spaces that symbolized the idea of an exhibition that is "in flux, unfinished, and in permanent movement."


title: Pentoxifylline

text: Pentoxifylline, also known as oxpentifylline, is a xanthine derivative used as a drug to treat muscle pain in people with peripheral artery disease. It is generic and sold under many brand names worldwide.


title: Pentoxifylline

text: Its primary use in medicine is to reduce pain, cramping, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs which occurs due to intermittent claudication, a form of muscle pain resulting from peripheral artery diseases. This is its only FDA, MHRA and TGA-labelled indication. However, pentoxifylline is also recommended for off-label use as an adjunct to compression bandaging for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) as this has been shown to improve healing rates.


title: Pentoxifylline

text: Pentoxifylline has been tested for use in sarcoidosis patients as an alternative or compliment to prednisone and other steroids, as the drug can inhibit excess levels of TNF-a, which is associated with granuloma formation.


title: Pentoxifylline

text: Pentoxifylline has also been shown to be of benefit in alcoholic hepatitis, with some studies demonstrating a reduction in risk of hepatorenal syndrome.