title: Cinnarizine

text: Beyond an anti-vertigo treatment, cinnarizine could be also viewed as a nootropic drug because of its vasorelaxating abilities (due to calcium channel blockade), which happen mostly in brain and the fact that it is also used as a labyrinthine sedative. Cinnarizine inhibits the flow of calcium into red blood cells, which increases the elasticity of the cell wall, thereby increasing their flexibility and making the blood less viscous. This allows the blood to travel more efficiently and effectively through narrowed vessels in order to bring oxygen to damaged tissue. It is also effectively combined with other nootropics, primarily piracetam; in such combination each drug potentiates the other in boosting brain oxygen supply. An animal study comparing the effectiveness of cinnarizine and flunarizine (a derivative of cinnarizine that is 2.5-15 times stronger for treatment of transient global cerebral ischemia), it was found that cinnarizine helped to improve the functional abnormalities of ischemia, but did not help with damage to the neurons. Flunarizine, on the other hand, offered more neuronal protection, but was less effective in treating subsequent behavioral changes.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Additionally, cinnarizine can be used in scuba divers without an increased risk of central nervous system oxygen toxicity which can result in seizures, and is a high risk in closed-circuit oxygen diving. This is also relevant to divers who could potentially have to undergo hypobaric decompression therapy, which uses high oxygen pressure and could also be affected by any cinnarizine-induced CNS oxygen toxicity risk. However, cinnarizine does not heighten toxicity risk, and in fact, evidence even seems to suggest that cinnarizine may be beneficial in helping delay O2 toxicity in the central nervous system.


title: Cinnarizine

text: There is also evidence that cinnarizine may be used as an effective anti-asthma medication when taken regularly.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Cinnarizine has also been found to be a valuable second-line treatment for idiopathic urticarial vasculitis.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Side effects experienced while taking cinnarizine range from the mild to the quite severe. Possible side effects include drowsiness, sweating, dry mouth, headache, skin problems, lethargy, gastrointestinal irritation, hypersensitivity reactions, as well as movement problems/muscle rigidity, and tremor. Because cinnarizine can cause drowsiness and blurred vision, it is important that users make sure their reactions are normal before driving, operating machinery, or doing any other jobs which could be dangerous if they are not fully alert or able to see well.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Cinnarizine is also known to cause acute and chronic parkinsonism due to its affinity for D2 receptors, which strongly counter-suggests its actual usefulness for improving neurohealth. Cinnarizine's antagonistic effects of D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum leads to symptoms of depression, tremor, muscle rigidity, tardive dyskinesia, and akathisia, which are characterized as Drug-Induced Parkinson's disease and is the second leading cause of Parkinson's. Evidence suggests that it is one of the metabolites of cinnarizine, C-2, that has an active role in contributing to the development of drug-induced Parkinson's. It is also of note that an estimated 17 of 100 new Parkinson's cases are linked to administration of either cinnarizine or Flunarizine, making cinnarizine and drug-induced Parkinson's a serious issue. Those people especially at risk are elderly patients, in particular women, and patients who have been taking the drug for a longer amount of time. There is also evidence that suggests that patients with a family history of Parkinson's, or a genetic predisposition to the disease are more likely to develop the drug induced form of this disease as a result of cinnarizine treatment.


title: Cinnarizine

text: In addition to antagonizing D2 receptors, treatment with cinnarizine has also been shown to lead to reduced presynaptic dopamine and serotonin, as well as alterations in vesicular transport of dopamine. Terland et al. have shown that chronic treatment with cinnarizine builds the drug concentrations high enough that they interfere with the proton electrochemical gradient necessary for packaging dopamine into vesicles. Cinnarizine, pKa = 7.4, acts as a protonophore, which prevents the MgATP-dependent production of the electrochemical gradient crucial to the transport and storage of dopamine into vesicles, and thereby lowers the levels of dopamine in the basal ganglia neurons and leads to the Parkinson's symptoms.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Additionally, several cases of pediatric and adult cinnarizine overdose have been reported, with effects including a range of symptoms such as somnolence, coma, vomiting, hypotonia, stupor, and convulsions. The cognitive complications likely result from the antihistaminic effects of cinnarizine, while the motor effects are a product of the antidopaminergic properties. In cases of overdose, the patient should be brought to and observed in a hospital for potential neurological complications.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Cinnarizine is most commonly taken orally, in tablet form, with frequency and amount of dosage varying depending on the reason for taking the medication.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Once ingested, the substance is absorbed quite rapidly and reaches a peak plasma concentration in 1–3 hours post-administration. Cmax, the maximum level of the drug in the tested area (typically blood plasma), has been measured to be 275 +/- 36 ng/mL, where tmax, the amount of time that the drug is present at the max amount in the blood, was 3.0 +/-0.5 hours. AUC, (the area under the curve extrapolated to infinity) which can be used to estimate bioavailability, was 4437 +/- 948 (ng.h/mL). The half-life elimination varies from 3.4–60 hours, depending on age. However, the mean terminal half-life elimination for young volunteer subjects administered 75 mg cinnarizine, was found to be 23.6 +/- 3.2 hours.


title: Cinnarizine

text: A study that administered 75 mg doses of cinnarizine, twice a day for twelve days, to healthy volunteers, observed that cinnarizine did build up in the body, with a steady-state accumulation factor of 2.79 +/- 0.23. However, the AUC for this amount of time (T=12 days) was not significantly different from the AUC∞, which was estimated from the single dose administration. As a very weakly basic and also lipophilic compound with low aqueous solubility, cinnarizine is able to cross the blood brain barrier by simple diffusion. It is because of this property that it is able to exert its effects on cerebral blood flow in the brain.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Bioavailability of orally administered cinnarizine is typically low and variable due to high incidence of degradation. However, it has been found that when administered intravenously in lipid emulsion, better pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were achieved. The lipid emulsion administration had a higher AUC and lower clearance than the solution form, which meant that there was an increased bioavailability of cinnarizine, allowing for an improved therapeutic effect. Plasma pharmacokinetics of cinnarizine administered intravenously follows a three-compartment model first with a fast distribution phase, followed by a slower distribution phase, and ending with a very slow elimination. The Vss (steady state apparent volume of distribution) for lipid emulsion administration was 2x lower (6.871+/- 1.432 L/kg) than that of cinnarizine given in solution (14.018 +/- 5.598 L/kg) and it was found that significantly less cinnarizine was taken up into the lung and brain in the lipid emulsion condition. This is significant because it would reduce the likelihood of toxic side effects in the central nervous system.


title: Cinnarizine

text: Cinnarizine is classified as a selective antagonist of T-type voltage-operated calcium ion channels, because its binding blocks the channels and keeps them inert. It has a Ki (inhibitory constant) value of 22nM. It is also known to have antihistaminic, antiserotoninergic and antidopaminergic effects, binding to H1 histamine receptors, and dopaminergic (D2) receptors. The IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of cinnarizine for smooth muscle contraction inhibition is 60mM and it has been shown that this drug preferentially binds to its target calcium channels when they are in an open, as opposed to closed conformation. In treatment of nausea and motion sickness it was previously hypothesized that cinnarizine exerts its effects by inhibiting the calcium currents in voltage gated channels in type II vestibular hair cells within the inner ear. However, more recent evidence supports the idea that at pharmacologically relevant levels (0.3µM–0.5µM), cinnarizine is not lessening vestibular vertigo by blocking calcium channels, but rather by inhibiting potassium (K) currents that are activated by heightened hydrostatic pressure on the hair cells. It is true that cinnarizine does abolish calcium currents in vestibular hair cells as well; it is just that this only occurs at higher concentrations of drug (3µM). The inhibition of these currents works to lessen the vertigo and motion-induced nausea by dampening the over-reactivity of the vestibular hair cells, which send information about balance and motion to the brain.


title: Cinnarizine

text: After administration, cinnarizine is completely metabolized within the body and the metabolites are eliminated by one third in the urine and two thirds in solid waste.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Paul Lawrence Fuemana (8 February 1969 – 31 January 2010) was a Niuean-New Zealand singer, songwriter and musician from Auckland. One of the first globally successful pioneers of his country's unique style of hip-hop, Fuemana was one of New Zealand's greatest popular music icons of the 1990s.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Born in Otara, South Auckland, to a Niuean father and a Māori mother, Pauly had a difficult, poverty-stricken childhood, where his only real enjoyment came from making music with his brothers. Speaking Niuean as his first language, he saw the world in a uniquely Polynesian way, and made music accordingly. Leading the rap trio and then joint music project, the Otara Millionaires Club (abbreviated to OMC) his 1996 debut album "How Bizarre" and its eponymous lead single became a huge success across the world. The name OMC was ironic, as its namesake of his home of Otara was one of the poorest communities in the whole of the large island nation. Along with his brother Phil Fuemana, Pauly cultivated the unique South Auckland musical genre of Urban Pasifika, bringing it to worldwide commercial and critical acclaim.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Fuemana was often considered a one-hit wonder because of the unequalled success of "How Bizarre", which overshadowed his other, relatively successful work, such as the singles "On the Run", "Never Coming Back" and "Land of Plenty". In a 1997 interview, he reflected on what was once a witticism to himself and his home – an "Otara millionaire" – now represented his reality. Shortly after his rise to fame, OMC was put on indefinite hiatus due to disputes with his US record label. In 1998, he was also involved in a lawsuit filed by his producer and co-writer Alan Jansson over royalties due to Jansson. It was settled in arbitration. Fuemana focused on his wife Kristine and six children, but grew sick during the mid 2000s; by the end of the decade, he had been diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, an extremely rare neurological disorder similar to multiple sclerosis. Fuemana kept his illness private. He died in 2010, a week before his 41st birthday. Posthumously, his music has found success on TikTok.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Fuemana was born in Auckland, to parents Takiula Fuemana and Olivia Hohaia. He was of half-Niuean and half-Māori descent. His father, Takiula Fuemana, is originally from Mutalau, Niue, before emigrating to New Zealand, while his mother was Taranaki Māori. Fuemana was the youngest of four children.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Fuemana was raised in Otara, a poor suburb in South Auckland with a large Pacific Islander population.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Otara Millionaires Club was formed by older brother Phil Fuemana and was passed on to Pauly Fuemana. The name was ironic or tongue in cheek, as the Otara neighborhood was one of Auckland's poorest communities. Pauly later shortened the band's name to OMC, forming a musical partnership with Alan Jansson (as OMC) who co-wrote and produced the How Bizarre album. Signed to Auckland independent label Huh Records by Simon Grigg, OMC reached worldwide fame in 1996 and 1997 with the single "How Bizarre", from their debut album of the same name. OMC and Alan Jansson, ceased recording in 1998, but recorded again in 2005 to 2007. Recording "4 all of us" a single that featured Lucy Lawless, Fuemana's portion of the royalties was donated to the Race Relations Commission.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: How Bizarre, which was named Single of the Year at the 1996 New Zealand Music Awards, hit number one around the world, including the United States, Australia, Austria, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand. In 2002, their song "How Bizarre" reached No. 71 on the 100 Greatest One-hit Wonders. The single was a chart hit in many countries and spent multiple weeks at number one in several countries, reaching the top for two weeks in Austria, three weeks in Ireland, three weeks in New Zealand and five weeks in Australia.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: He often spoke about the hit: "I put a lot of hidden stories in there so people could read between the lines and sense it for what it is instead of telling them, 'Yeah, we got pulled over by the cops, and my mate got his head smashed in, and we got arrested, and they found some pot on him,'" Fuemana told Reuters in a 1997 interview.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: How Bizarre is still played worldwide 25 years after its release. More than a million copies of the How Bizarre album were sold. It is one of the most successful songs recorded in New Zealand. OMC was voted #34 on the APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Fuemana died following a protracted battle with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, ultimately succumbing to respiratory failure at North Shore Hospital, North Shore City, on 31 January 2010. His death occurred eight days before his 41st birthday. He had been in declining health for several years. For a few months prior to his death he had been suffering from a neurological condition and also developed pneumonia.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: He is survived by his wife, Kirstine Fuemana, a New Zealand woman whom he'd met in 1993 and married in 2002, and his six children.


title: Pauly Fuemana

text: Fuemana's funeral was held on 5 February 2010, at the Pacific Island Presbyterian Church in Newton, New Zealand. The 200 attendees included rappers Dei Hamo, Ermehn and Darryl Thompson (also known as DLT), Alan Jansson, Simon Grigg, Nathan Haines and the mayor of Auckland Super city, Len Brown.


title: Nogais

text: The Nogais (Nogai: Ногай, , Ногайлар, ) are a Turkic ethnic group who live in the North Caucasus region. Most are found in Northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and Astrakhan Oblast; some also live in Chechnya, Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria), Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine and a small Nogai diaspora is found in Jordan. They speak the Nogai language and are descendants of various Mongolic and Turkic tribes who formed the Nogai Horde. There are seven main groups of Nogais: the Ak Nogai, the Karagash, the Kuban-Nogai, the Kundraw-Nogai, the Qara-Nogai, the Utars and the Yurt-Nogai.


title: Nogais

text: For a long time it was believed that their namesake founder was Nogai Khan ( 'dog' in Mongolian), a grandson of Jochi. Nogai (d. 1299–1300) was the de facto ruler, kingmaker, and briefly self-proclaimed khan of the Golden Horde.


title: Nogais

text: In the 1990s, 65,000 were still living in the Northern Caucasus, divided into Aq (White) Nogai and Qara (Black) Nogai tribal confederations. Nogais live in the territories of Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol district and Astrakhan Oblast. From 1928 there was a Nogaysky District, Republic of Dagestan and from 2007 a Nogaysky District, Karachay-Cherkess Republic.


title: Nogais

text: A few thousand Nogais live in Dobruja (today in Romania), in the town of Mihail Kogălniceanu (Karamurat) and villages of Lumina (Kocali), Valea Dacilor (Hendekkarakuyusu), Cobadin (Kubadin).


title: Nogais

text: An estimated 90,000 Nogais live in Turkey today, mainly settled in Ceyhan/Adana, Ankara and Eskisehir provinces. The Nogai language is still spoken in some of the villages of Central Anatolia - mainly around the Salt Lake, Eskişehir and Ceyhan. To this day, Nogais in Turkey have maintained their cuisine: "Üken börek, kasık börek, tabak börek, şır börek, köbete" and "Nogay şay" (Nogai tea - a drink prepared by boiling milk and tea together with butter, salt and pepper).


title: Nogais

text: The "Junior Juz" or the "Lesser Horde" of the Kazakhs occupied the lands of the former Nogai Khanate in Western Kazakhstan. A part of Nogais joined Kazakhs in 17-18th centuries and formed separate clan or tribe called as Kazakh-Nogais. Their estimated number is about 50,000.


title: Nogais

text: From the sixteenth century until their deportation in the mid-nineteenth century the Nogais living along the Black Sea northern coast were divided into the following sub-groups (west to east):


title: Nogais

text: The name "Nogai" derives from Nogai Khan (died 1299/1300, great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan), a general of the Golden Horde


title: Nogais

text: The Mongol tribe called the Manghits (Manghut) constituted a core of the Nogai Horde. The Nogai Horde supported the Astrakhan Khanate, and after the conquest of Astrakhan in 1556 by Russians, they transferred their allegiance to the Crimean Khanate. The Nogais protected the northern borders of the Crimean khanate, and through organized raids to the Wild Fields inhibited Slavic settlement. Many Nogais migrated to the Crimean peninsula to serve as the Crimean khans' cavalry. Settling there, they contributed to the formation of the Crimean Tatars. They raised various herds and migrated seasonally in search of better pastures for their animals. Nogais were proud of their nomadic traditions and independence, which they considered superior to settled agricultural life.


title: Nogais

text: The recorded history of the Nogais first commenced when representatives of the Ottoman Empire reached the Terek–Kuma Lowland, where the Nogais were living as rogue clans and herders. There were two main chiefs: Yusuf Mirza and (Bey of the Nogai Horde from 1555 to 1563). Yusuf Mirza supported joining the Ottomans. However, his brother Ismail Mirza, who was allied with the Russians, ambushed Yusuf and declared his chiefdom under Russian rule. After that, the supporters of Yusuf Mirza migrated to Crimea and Yedisan, joining the Crimean Khanate. Supporters of Yusuf took the name "Qara", later named by Crimeans as "Kichi" (Small - founded in 1557 by ). Those who remained in present-day West Kazakhstan and the North Caucasus (the ) took the name "Uly" (Strong).


title: Nogais

text: About 500,000 Nogais migrated to present-day Turkey around the 16th century, after the fall of the Nogai Horde. They settled in the following cities: Şanlıurfa, Gaziantep, Kırşehir, Eskişehir, Adana, Kahramanmaraş, Afyon, Bursa. These Nogais do not speak the Nogai language anymore and some of them are not aware of their ancestry; however their villages do have Nogai customs.


title: Nogais

text: At the beginning of the 17th century, the ancestors of the Kalmyks, the Oirats, migrated from the steppes of southern Siberia on the banks of the Irtysh River to the Lower Volga region. Various theories attempt to explain this move, but the generally accepted view is that the Kalmyks sought abundant pastures for their herds. They reached the Volga about 1630. That land, however, was not uncontested pasture, but rather the homeland of the Nogai Horde. The Kalmyks expelled the Nogais, who fled to the Northern Caucasian Plains and to the Crimean Khanate, areas under the control of the Ottoman Empire. Some Nogai groups sought the protection of the Russian garrison at Astrakhan. The remaining nomadic Turkic tribes became vassals of the Kalmyk khan.


title: Nogais

text: After the Russian annexation of Crimea in 1783, Slavic and other settlers occupied the Nogai pastoral land, since the Nogais did not have permanent residence. In the 1770s and 1780s the Russian Empress Catherine the Great resettled approximately 120,000 Nogais from Bessarabia and areas northeast of the Sea of Azov to the Kuban and the Caucasus. In 1790, during the Russo-Turkish war, Prince Grigory Potemkin ordered the resettlement of some Nogai families from the Caucasus (where, he feared, they might defect to the Ottomans) to the north shore of the Sea of Azov.


title: Nogais

text: With the 1792 Treaty of Jassy (Iaşi) the Russian frontier expanded to the Dniester River and the Russian takeover of Yedisan was complete. The 1812 Treaty of Bucharest transferred Budjak to Russian control.


title: Nogais

text: After confiscating the land previously belonged to Nogais, the Russian government forced Nogais to settle through various methods, such as burning their tents and limiting their freedom of movement. The Russian general Alexander Suvorov slaughtered thousands of rebellious Kuban Nogais in 1783. Several Nogai tribes took refuge among the Circassians in this period. Several other Nogai clans began to migrate to the Ottoman Empire in great numbers. The Nogais followed two routes. An estimated 7,000 Nogais of the Bucak and Cedsan Hordes settled in Dobruja before 1860. Most of these Nogais later migrated to Anatolia. However, the great exodus of the Nogais took place in 1860. Many clans from the Camboyluk and Kuban Hordes moved westwards to southern Ukraine, and wintered with their co-ethnics there in 1859. They emigrated either through the ports of Feodosia or Kerch, or by crossing via the Budjak steppes to Dobruja. 50,000 of the roughly 70,000 Nogais of the Kuban and adjacent Stavropol region left Russia for the Ottoman Empire during this period. They induced the Nogais of Crimea (who lived in the districts of Yevpatoria, Perekop and in the north of Simferopol) to emigrate too. 300,000 Crimean Tatars (which included Nogais) left Crimea in the year 1860. Similarly, 50,000 Nogais disappeared from southern Ukraine by 1861. Other Nogai clans emigrated directly from the Caucasus to Anatolia, together with the Circassians. Nogais lived alongside German-speaking Mennonites in the Molochna region of southern Ukraine from 1803, when the Mennonites first arrived there, until 1860, when the Nogais were deported.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Zombie Reddy is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language action zombie comedy film directed by Prasanth Varma, and stars Teja Sajja, Anandhi, and Daksha Nagarkar. Produced by Apple Trees Studios, the film is marketed as the first zombie film in Telugu cinema. Set in the district of Kurnool, the film is partially based on COVID-19 pandemic. The film was released on 5 February 2021.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Mario is a game designer from Hyderabad, but his father berates him for being a gamer and tells him to get a real job. Mario develops a game along with his friends Bhadram and Maggie which becomes famous overnight but they detect a bug that causes the game to crash at higher levels. A frustrated Mario calls his friend, Kalyan, also the programmer but Kalyan tells them that he is getting married. He invites them to Kurnool district for his wedding, promising to fix the code.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Kalyan's father-in-law Bhooma Reddy is a chieftain who rules the village of Rudravaram. However, he hides all weapons from Kalyan with the help of his men Kasi Reddy and Masi Reddy, until Kalyan is married off to his daughter, Pushkala. Meanwhile, Nandini Reddy, the daughter of Bhooma's close aid Bukka Reddy, also arrives at the wedding. As Mario and his friends drive to Rudravaram, they accidentally hit a man on the road who later bites Bhadram. An old man immediately arrives and takes him away, claiming that the man is an escaped mental patient. The trio continues on their way and asks for directions to Bhooma Reddy's house. Aagam Reddy misleads them by taking them to Veera Reddy, Bhooma's arch-rival. Veera commands his men to attack them but the three of them escape. Mario warns Kalyan about Veera but Nandini lies that Veera was playing a prank on them. This allays everyone's fears, but Mario remains suspicious. Mario overhears many of the villagers discussing the fate of Kalyan would be like a Veera's sacrificial goat. Despite multiple warnings, Kalyan doesn't believe Mario.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Meanwhile, Bhadram's condition begins to worsen as he transforms into a zombie. He bites a household maid, who in turn bites a laborer, spreading the zombie virus, even further. Mario, on the other hand, is suspicious of Nandini but Mario is caught red-handed as he accidentally films when Nandini was changing her dress. Bhooma forgives Mario with a warning and an upset Kalyan accuses Mario of sabotaging his wedding. Kalyan gives him the fixed code and asks him to leave but Mario asks for forgiveness, and the two playfully prank each other. Mario puts sleeping pills in Kalyan's drink to kidnap and save him from Veera Reddy. Nandini, however, silently switches the drink, and Mario is knocked unconscious, stashed away in a storeroom.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: The wedding takes place as planned but the virus has spread to Pushkala, the bride. On the wedding night, a zombie Pushkala attempts to bite Kalyan, but he misinterprets it as playfulness. As the virus has spread to the village, Bhooma and his men go to the village to investigate. Mario wakes from his stupor and witnesses Veera's men kidnapping Kalyan. Mario finds Nandini and the two begin to quarrel until they both witness a zombie attack on one of Bhooma's workers. As the entire household has succumbed and become zombies, they lock themselves in the house along with Maggie and Kasi Reddy. In order to escape, they put makeup on themselves so that they resemble zombies. Mario also realizes that the zombies have an advanced sense of smell, so he pours kerosene on himself, When the zombies surrounding the house are distracted by a drunken Masi Reddy, Mario gets to the car and they all escape.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Mario drives them to Veera Reddy's house to save Kalyan. Maggie and Masi stay in the car, while Mario, Kasi, and Nandini go look for Kalyan. Mario and Kasi come upon Konda Reddy, Veera's bedridden father. They avoid being captured by hiding in the wardrobe. As they free up Kalyan and are about to leave, they find a woman bound and gagged who reveals herself as the real Nandini Reddy who was captured by Veera on her way to the wedding. The woman who has been as masquerading as Nandini is Sailaja Reddy, Veera's daughter, who was sent as a spy to Bhooma's house.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Mario and others are captured and Veera reveals that he was for vying vengeance on Bhooma whose younger brother was engaged to Veera's sister Talambari, 25 years ago. As Bhooma's brother eloped just before the wedding, Talambari went mad. As Veera plans to get his vengeance by killing Kalyan and making Bhooma's daughter a widow, Mario intervenes and says that Veera should be taking revenge not on Kalyan, but on Bhooma's eloped brother. A portrait reveals he is Pratap Reddy, Mario's father. Mario pretends to take Talambari hostage and escapes with Kalyan, Maggie, and Masi. Veera, Sailaja, and their men pursue Mario into the village but the village erupts into chaos as zombies begin attacking the villagers. Veera's men are bitten by Konda, who has turned into a zombie. During the scuffle, a mob of zombies swarms and attack Veera. Filled with grief, Shailaja joins forces with Mario, Maggie, and Kasi and begins fighting the zombies. They discover that the only way to kill the zombies is by damaging their brains. The zombies chase Kasi up a palm tree. A horde of zombies led by a zombified Bhadram attacks Maggie who is turned into a zombie.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Mario, Sailaja, and Kalyan flee once again. Mario deduces that the old man who took away the man who bit Bhadram in the woods would knew something about the crisis. Following a path in the woods, they reach the old man's house and find the original zombie, trapped in a glass cage along with the hidden lab. They confront the old man and demand the truth. He reveals that he was once a world-famous virologist but the government banned him, citing his practices as unethical and inhumane. Desperate to recover his former reputation, he began developing a cure for the coronavirus and tested it directly on humans. The zombie virus came from a failed vaccine. The old man claims that he has found a cure for both viruses and gives Mario a video camera. Before he can tell them about the cure, the caged zombie breaks free and begins attacking the old man. The trio escape and are picked up by Bhooma. Mario goes over the footage in the video camera and finds a symbol from the village's temple.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: On their way to the temple, Sailaja is scratched by a zombie. She asks Mario to leave her behind, but Mario takes her into the temple and bars the doors. While searching for the symbol, they come upon Veera. When a joyful Sailaja runs to her father, an angry Bhooma confronts Veera for plotting against him. Veer accuses him of the same, saying that he secretly brought his brother's son to the wedding. Bhooma is shocked to know that Mario is Pratap's son and says that Pratap disgraced him and the family by leaving a girl at the altar. Mario admits what his father did was wrong but also confronts Bhooma and Veera on their mistakes. Bhooma and Veera realize their mistake and join hands to hold off the zombie while the others continue looking for the symbol.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Sailaja now turns into a zombie and attacks Mario. Mario pushes Sailaja and falls at the base of the Shiva lingam as the water from the spring falls into her mouth. An amazed Mario watches as the water begins to heal Sailaja, and she reverts to her normal self. Mario blows a conch, summoning all the zombies in the nearby countryside to the temple. As the zombies chase him, Mario jumps into the spring-fed pond. As the zombies follow him into the water, they are cured. Mario is hailed as a hero for stopping the virus as both the families joyfully re-unite.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: The film was officially announced on 8 August 2020 by releasing a motion poster of the film. The film is Prasanth's third film after "Awe" and "Kalki". The music is composed by Mark K. Robin who is known for his works in 2019 film "Agent Sai Srinivasa Athreya". The film is Sajja Teja's debut film as a lead actor.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: "IndiaGlitz" stated about "GO Corona" single that "This song is 2020 in a nutshell. The rap draws material from some of the most popular memes of the year when the pandemic played havoc. The very title of the song is drawn from a notoriously funny slogan that a political leader gave. And there is a smattering of meme-worthy stuff like 'Aipayee', which was triggered by a spiritual sermon. Modi's call for lighting diyas and clapping for COVID warriors also gets a comical interpretation. The rap is enjoyable, while the singers immerse do their job well. Sri Krishna, Anudeep Dev, PVNS Rohit, and Hymath are the chorus singers. The female ones are Harika Narayan, Sahithi Chagunti, and Sony Komanduri."


title: Zombie Reddy

text: The theatrical trailer of the film was released on 2 Jan 2021, and Zombie Reddy was released on 5 Feb 2021. The film collected a gross of on its first day of release. The digital rights of the film were acquired by aha. The satellite rights of the film were purchased by Star Maa, and premiered on 28 March 2021, and registered an average TRP rating of 9.72.


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of "The Hindu" wrote that "In one stroke, director Prasanth Varma juxtaposes different worlds — a pandemic looming large, zombies, Rayalaseema faction rivalry — to hilarious effect. "Zombie Reddy" is a satirical potpourri replete with pop culture references at every turn."


title: Zombie Reddy

text: Neeshita Nyayapati of "The Times of India" stated ""Zombie Reddy" does have its moments, and all the cast, including Teja, Anandhi and Daksha, seem to have fun with what they're offered. This is not a bad film by any means, if only Prasanth had not gone down the predictable route, it would've been something more." Hemanth Kumar from "Firstpost" gave 3 out of 5 stars and stated ""Zombie Reddy" is the first zombie film in Telugu cinema and to its credit, it does a fairly good job in simplifying the storytelling to the bare essentials." A review from "The Hans India" rated the film 3 stars of 5 and wrote: "Zombie Reddy makes a decent attempt to entertain the audiences."


title: Zombie Reddy

text: After the success of the film, a sequel titled "Zombie Reddy: Revenge of the Dead" is in development with this time the zombie virus being spread in the cities.


title: Marmara Region

text: Located in northwestern Turkey, it is bordered by Greece and the Aegean Sea to the west, Bulgaria and the Black Sea to the north, the Black Sea Region to the east, and the Aegean Region to the south. At the center of the region is the Sea of Marmara, which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is Istanbul. Other big cities are Bursa, İzmit, Balıkesir, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale and Edirne.


title: Marmara Region

text: Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara Region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.


title: Marmara Region

text: The Yıldız Mountains and Uludağ are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are Gökçeada and Bozcaada, and in the Sea of Marmara are Marmara Island, Avşa, Paşalimanı, İmralı and the Princes Islands of Istanbul.


title: Marmara Region

text: The Marmara region has a hybrid mediterranean climate/humid subtropical climate on the Aegean Sea coast and the south Marmara Sea coast, an oceanic climate on the Black Sea coast and a humid continental climate in the interior. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cold and wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild.


title: Qin Lan

text: Qin Lan (; born 17 July 1979) is a Chinese actress, model, and singer. She is known for her roles as Empress Fuca in "Story of Yanxi Palace", Zhihua in "My Fair Princess III" and Mo Xiangwan in "We Are All Alone".


title: Qin Lan

text: Qin won a Golden Award in the Advertisement Model category of the 1999 National Nominate Newcomer Competition (). In February 2003, when Taiwanese writer Chiung Yao and her team were holding auditions in Beijing, Qin was selected from a pool of 200 candidates to play a new character, Chen Zhihua in the television series "My Fair Princess III".


title: Qin Lan

text: In 2013, she was shortlisted for Best Supporting Actress in the 7th Asian Film Awards for the role of Empress Lü Zhi in "The Last Supper."


title: Qin Lan

text: In 2015, Qin began to start working as a producer. In addition to setting up a studio to handle her acting career, she also established a business for developing films.


title: Qin Lan

text: Qin is also known for her role as Empress Fucha in the 2018 hit historical drama "Story of Yanxi Palace".


title: Qin Lan

text: Qin participated in the period drama series “Legacy,” which will premiere exclusively on WarnerMedia’s regional streaming service HBO Go at an unspecified date later in 2021. “Legacy” is a 1920s-set drama that chronicles the lives of the wealthy Yi family and three sisters who vie to inherit their father’s shopping mall business. In a time of upheaval and uncertainty, the three sisters set aside their differences to keep the business afloat and save their families.


title: Qin Lan

text: Qin graduated from the Shenyang University of Technology. She was in a relationship with Huang Xiaoming from 2003 to 2006.


title: Qin Lan

text: In March 2021, similar to the actions of most Chinese celebrities, Qin publicly announced her support for cotton from the Xinjiang region after several overseas companies announced they will not purchase cotton from the region due to concerns over forced labour of Uyghurs.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Blackboard Jungle is a 1955 American social drama film about an English teacher in an interracial inner-city school, based on the 1954 novel "The Blackboard Jungle" by Evan Hunter and adapted for the screen and directed by Richard Brooks. It is remembered for its innovative use of rock and roll in its soundtrack, for casting grown adults as high school teens, and for the unique breakout role of a black cast member, film icon Sidney Poitier, as a rebellious yet musically talented student.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In 2016, "Blackboard Jungle" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Hunter's novel was based on his early job as a teacher at Bronx Vocational High School, now known as Alfred E. Smith Career and Technical Education High School in the South Bronx. Hunter, then known as Salvatore Lombino, took the teaching job in 1950 after graduating from Hunter College. He was quickly disillusioned and quit in frustration after two months.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In the mid-1950s, Richard Dadier is a new teacher at North Manual Trades High School, an inner-city school of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Led by student Gregory Miller, most engage in anti-social behavior. The school principal, Mr. Warneke, denies there are discipline issues, but the school faculty, particularly Mr. Murdock, warn Dadier otherwise. Dadier befriends two other new teachers, Joshua Edwards and Lois Hammond.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Dadier's class includes Miller and Artie West, a rebellious bully and gang leader. The class shows no respect for Dadier. Dadier encourages Miller to lead the class in the right direction. After Dadier subdues a student who attacks Miss Hammond, the class gives Dadier the silent treatment and are even more uncooperative. Dadier and Edwards are mugged by a gang that includes West.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Reluctant to quit, Dadier seeks advice from his former teacher, Professor Kraal, the principal of an academically superior school with disciplined students. Kraal offers Dadier a job, but he declines. After chastising his class for calling each other racially divisive names, Dadier is himself falsely accused by Mr. Warneke of using racial epithets in the classroom. West encounters Dadier during his gang's robbery of a newspaper truck. West tells Dadier his classroom is on the streets and to leave him alone. Several students, led by West, assault Edwards in his classroom and destroy his music record collection.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Dadier's wife, Anne, who is pregnant, begins receiving anonymous letters and phone calls telling her Dadier and Miss Hammond are having an affair. Dadier discovers Miller can play piano and sing, and wonders why Miller can show such talent but also be so rebellious. Dadier shows his class an animated film about "Jack and the Beanstalk" which sparks discussion about moral choices. Anne goes into premature labor caused by the stress of the phone calls about Dadier's alleged affair. When a neighbor shows Dadier the anonymous letters, he angrily decides to quit. Mr. Murdock encourages him to stay telling Dadier he is making progress and has inspired him too. Anne apologizes for doubting Dadier's loyalty in their marriage and says she was wrong for telling him to quit. Their premature baby boy, though weak, eventually thrives.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: When Dadier observes West openly copying from another student, he demands that West bring his paper to the front to have it docked five points. West rebuffs his repeated request, but Dadier is unrelenting. The conflict quickly escalates, and West pulls out a switchblade. Dadier does not back down. Miller stops another of the gang from jumping Dadier from behind. The rest of West's gang fails to assist.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Dadier accuses West of the false allegations made to both Mr. Warneke and Anne. Dadier subdues West, and the other students join in to subdue classmate Belazi, who has picked up the knife to escape. Miller then leads the class in helping Dadier take West and Belazi to the principal's office. In the final scene, Miller and Dadier ask if the other is quitting at the end of the school year. Miller said no, because the two of them had a pact that neither would quit if the other stayed, and Dadier's expression makes clear he has no intention of breaking the agreement.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: "Variety" called it: "...a film with a melodramatic impact that hits hard at a contemporary problem. The casting, too, is exceptionally good." "Harrison's Reports" called the film: "...a stark, powerful melodrama, sordid, tense, and disturbing. The picture no doubt will stir up considerable controversy, but at the same time it probably will prove to be a top box-office grosser."


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Not all reviews were positive. Richard L. Coe of "The Washington Post" slammed the film as "so sensationalized as to negate any laudable purpose its supporters claim", further explaining:


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: The song "Rock Around the Clock" was included in the film, making the recording an anthem for rebellious 1950s youth. It was Number 1 on the pop charts for two months and went to Number 3 on the R&B chart.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a "fresh" rating of 76%. On their best of Sidney Poitier list, it says:


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In 2010, Turner Classic Movies (TCM) listed the soundtrack of the movie on its list of the Top 15 Most Influential Movie Soundtracks of all time. TCM described the impact and the influence of the movie:


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: The film marked the rock and roll revolution by featuring Bill Haley & His Comets' "Rock Around the Clock", initially a B-side, over the film's opening credits (with a lengthy drum solo introduction, unlike the originally released single), as well as in the first scene, in an instrumental version in the middle of the film, and at the close of the movie, establishing that song as an instant hit. The record had been released the previous year, gaining only limited sales. But, popularized by its use in the film, "Rock Around the Clock" reached number one on the "Billboard" charts and remained there for eight weeks. In some theaters, when the film was in the first release, the song was not heard at all at the beginning of the film because rock and roll was considered a bad influence. Despite this, other instances of the song were not cut.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: This film is the source of the slang term "Daddy-O". When the teacher, Mr Dadier (Glenn Ford), writes his name on the blackboard early in the film, one of the students throws a baseball and knocks a hole in the blackboard at the end of his name, Dadier becomes Dadi-O and the class erupts in laughter and calls him "Daddy-O".


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: The music led to a large teenage audience for the film, and their exuberant response to it sometimes overflowed into violence and vandalism at screenings. In this sense, the film has been seen as marking the start of a period of visible teenage rebellion in the latter half of the 20th century. The film was banned in Memphis, Tennessee and Atlanta, Georgia, with the Atlanta Review Board claiming that it was "immoral, obscene, licentious and will adversely affect the peace, health, morals and good order of the city".


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: The film marked a watershed in the United Kingdom and was originally refused a cinema certificate before being passed with heavy cuts. When shown at a south London cinema in Elephant and Castle in 1956 the teenage Teddy Boy audience began to riot, tearing up seats and dancing in the aisles. After that, riots took place around the country wherever the film was shown.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In 2007, the "Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture" published an article that analyzed the film's connection to crime theories and juvenile delinquency.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In 2015, the "Journal of Transnational American Studies" published a study with a focus on the film's reception in West Germany and Japan.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: The influential Jamaican reggae album "Blackboard Jungle Dub" (1973) by "The Upsetters" references the film's title.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: The film touches on the still-current issue of teacher pay. The dialog states that in 1955, the pay for teachers was US$2.00 an hour (), or about US$4,000 a year salary (), as compared with congressmen and judges at US$9.25 (), policemen and firemen at US$2.75 (), carpenters at US$2.81 (), plumbers at US$2.97 (), and plasterers at US$3.21 an hour ().


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In March 2005, the 50th anniversary of the release of the film, which had influenced the subsequent upsurge in the general popularity of rock and roll, was marked by a series of "Rock Is Fifty" celebrations in Los Angeles and New York City, involving the surviving members of the original Bill Haley & His Comets.


title: Blackboard Jungle

text: In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.


title: Emma Bell

text: Emma Jean Bell (born December 17, 1986) is an American actress, best known for her roles in films "Frozen" (2010) and "Final Destination 5" (2011), and for playing Amy in the first and third season of "The Walking Dead" (2010; 2012), and Emma Judith Ryland Brown on the TNT drama series "Dallas" (2013–2014).


title: Emma Bell

text: Emma Bell, who was born in Woodbury, New Jersey, grew up in Flemington and the Stanton section of Readington Township and attended Hunterdon Central Regional High School. She moved to New York City at the age of 16. She attended Talent Unlimited High School Performing Arts High School on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.


title: Emma Bell

text: Her mother, Tessa Horan, was a producer for "60 Minutes", and her father, Robert M. "Rob" Bell, owns Green Birdie Productions, a full-service video production company in Lambertville, New Jersey. Her father was also a reporter, videographer and writer-producer for WWOR-TV. Her brother, Chase Sterling Bell, is a musician. Her paternal grandparents are Ensign Charles Robert Bell and Elise Emma Stone, a Daughter of the American Revolution, both graduates of Swarthmore College in 1939 and he also from the Naval Supply School, Harvard University in 1941, married in Brooklyn on a Sunday, September 14, 1941, and her aunt is Jean Elise Bell. Her great-grandparents were Lieutenant Mead Wilmer Stone, who fought in the First World War and was a co-owner of George Malvese and Company of Garden City Park, in Long Island, and Lillie Seamann.


title: Emma Bell

text: Bell began her acting career in an Off-Broadway cabaret show in New York at the age of 12. She made her screen debut in 2004, in the episode of NBC drama series "Third Watch". She later appeared on "", and in 2006 starred in the short-lived The WB television series "The Bedford Diaries". She also appeared on such other shows as "Supernatural", "Law & Order", and "". She made her film debut in the 2007 sports drama film "Gracie" and also appeared in "New York City Serenade", "", "Death in Love", and "Elektra Luxx".


title: Emma Bell

text: In 2010, Bell starred as Parker O'Neill, one of the main characters in the film "Frozen". The film has received positive reviews from critics and in same year she named one of the "55 Faces of the Future" in Nylon's young Hollywood issue. She appeared in "Hatchet II", in which she reprised her "Frozen" role in an uncredited cameo. Also in 2010, Bell portrayed the role of Amy, the younger sister of Andrea (Laurie Holden) in Season 1 of the AMC drama series "The Walking Dead". In 2011, Bell starred as Molly Harper, the female lead character, in the 2011 thriller-horror film "Final Destination 5".


title: Emma Bell

text: Bell starred in two television pilots through NBC but neither resulted in becoming full series, "Reconstruction" in 2011 and "Midnight Sun" in 2012. In September 2012, it was announced that Bell had signed on as a series regular on the second season of TNT's drama series "Dallas". She played the role of Emma Judith Ryland Brown, Ann Ewing's (Brenda Strong) and Harris Ryland's (Mitch Pileggi) daughter, and Judith Brown Ryland's (Judith Light) granddaughter. In 2013, Bell also starred in independent films "Life Inside Out", "Bipolar", and "See You in Valhalla".


title: Emma Bell

text: In 2016, Bell played young Emily Dickinson in the drama film "A Quiet Passion" starring Cynthia Nixon. She made her directing debut with short film "Scratch" (2016), receiving multiple Festival Awards. She later directed and wrote short film "Between the Pines". On television, she has appeared on "", "" and "NCIS". She starred alongside Dan Fogler in the upcoming drama film "The Argument" directed by Robert Schwartzman.


title: Emma Bell

text: On October 6, 2018, Bell married fellow actor Camron Robertson. On October 28, 2020, she gave birth to their first child, a daughter.


title: Failure (band)

text: Failure is an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles that was active from 1990 to 1997 and from 2014 to the present. They have released six full-length albums and five EPs.


title: Failure (band)

text: In 1992, Failure signed with Slash Records (an LA-based independent label whose releases were manufactured and distributed by Warner Bros. in the United States), and went to Minnesota to record their debut album with producer Steve Albini at Pachyderm Studio that summer. "Comfort" was released in September 1992, and around this same time, they went on their first of several tours with Tool.


title: Failure (band)

text: The band were unsatisfied with the sound of "Comfort" and their lack of involvement in the mixing process; they wanted a more flattering, produced sound that went beyond Albini's style of essentially documenting a band's raw live sound. So when the band went back into the studio in 1993, Andrews and Edwards took on the role of producers themselves. Midway through these sessions, Gauss left the band, so Edwards played some drums himself, until a replacement was found in Kellii Scott. Their second album, "Magnified", was released in March 1994; a promotional video (the band's first) was made for the single "Undone", but it received little airtime, if any, on any of the traditional music video outlets. Critics took note of the sonic and musical advances achieved on "Magnified", and other more well-known musicians also began singing Failure's praises. That year, they again went on tour with Tool, and during Failure's set each night, Tool guitarist Adam Jones came onstage to play rhythm guitar on the "Comfort" track "Macaque".


title: Failure (band)

text: Anxious to build on the momentum afforded to them by the relative success of "Magnified", Andrews, Edwards, and Scott began recording again in 1995, this time in a rented home owned by Lita Ford in the hills just outside LA. With the band again producing themselves, and Andrews handling the lion's share of the engineering himself, the situation allowed the band to take far more time in recording than they ever had before, and follow their instincts as far as they chose without outside interference. As the recordings neared completion, they received word that their label's distribution deal with Warner had expired and would not be renewed. Since Failure was essentially sidelined while the owners of Slash were trying to negotiate a new distribution deal, the band members kept themselves busy with outside projects: Andrews and Edwards (and friends) recorded an album of covers under the name Replicants; Andrews produced albums for Blinker the Star and Molly McGuire (the Kansas City-based rock band, not the LA-based singer-songwriter); Scott did some session work. Meanwhile, the band continued to "unofficially" shop the record to other labels and industry personnel, while hoping that Warner would step up and release the album. In the spring of 1996, Warner did exactly that, agreeing to keep the Slash imprint one last time for Failure, and "Fantastic Planet" was released that August. Guitarist Troy Van Leeuwen, a friend and former bandmate of Scott's, joined Failure around the time of the album's release. The album's first single, "Stuck on You" became a minor alternative-radio hit and achieved light to medium rotation on MTV, but failed to chart significantly. The song peaked at No. 31 on the U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and No. 23 on the Modern Rock chart. Other songs, such as "Saturday Saviour" and "Pitiful", received some airplay from more adventurous-minded DJs, but no more videos were made for any of the album's tracks, and due to the state of disarray at their label at that time, little effort was put into its promotion.


title: Failure (band)

text: In 1997, the band were asked by friends in the industrial rock band God Lives Underwater to contribute a track for a Depeche Mode tribute album that they were assembling; Failure chose to cover the 1990 hit "Enjoy the Silence", a worldwide smash and Depeche Mode's best-selling and most well-known single. The members of Depeche Mode were reportedly very pleased with the album, and with the Failure track particularly; Andrew Fletcher said that he actually prefers their cover over his band's original version. That summer, Failure also joined the Lollapalooza tour, during what became the last of that tour's travelling years. Originally booked to headline the side stage, Failure was promoted to also perform on the main stage to fill the void created when Korn dropped out; Failure played both an early afternoon set on the main stage and a longer headlining set in the evening on the side stage for the remainder of the tour.


title: Failure (band)

text: On November 19, 1997, Failure officially announced that they had disbanded, citing personal differences.


title: Failure (band)

text: Ken Andrews has gone on to become a well-known producer, engineer, and mixer, and has been involved in several different music projects. ON (1999–2002) was more or less a solo project, and was not unlike Failure, in terms of songwriting, but the overall sound was more based on electronics, with less emphasis on guitars and the typical heavy rock sound. Year of the Rabbit (2002–2004) saw Andrews' return to the four-piece rock band format, alongside ON's touring drummer, Tim Dow, and former members of National Skyline and Cupcakes; the harder-rocking sound of YotR is much closer to that of Failure, but the band lost momentum and eventually went on indefinite hiatus after their label, Elektra Records, was ostensibly shut down by in the wake of its merger with Atlantic Records. Throughout all of this, Andrews has become increasingly sought-after for his production and mixing skills, and his résumé has expanded to include work on albums by Pete Yorn, Paramore, Candlebox, Tenacious D, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, and Mae, among many others. Also notable is his participation in the production of "You Know My Name", the theme for the 2006 James Bond movie "Casino Royale", performed by then-former Soundgarden/Audioslave frontman Chris Cornell. Currently, Andrews is performing as a solo artist, as well as collaborating in a self-described "digital band" called Los Angeles Digital Noise Academy, whose loose membership also includes Brad Laner (Medicine), Sharky Laguana (Creeper Lagoon), Charlotte Martin (whom Andrews married in 2005), and others. He released his first solo album, "Secrets of the Lost Satellite", in 2007. He has also started a label, Dinosaur Fight Records, which has released his solo album and Martin's, and has announced their intention to release the forthcoming LADNA album, as well.


title: Failure (band)

text: Greg Edwards collaborated with fellow musicians Chris Pitman, Brad Laner, and Paul D'Amour in the psychedelic pop outfit Lusk, releasing the album Free Mars in 1997. In 2000, Edwards formed the band Autolux in with vocalist/bassist Eugene Goreshter and former Ednaswap drummer Carla Azar. Their self-produced, self-released 2001 EP "Demonstration" brought them to the attention of legendary producer T Bone Burnett, who used his vanity label DMZ to secure them a contract with Sony BMG Music Entertainment and produced their debut album, "Future Perfect", which was released in October 2004 to general critical praise. They were hand-picked by Trent Reznor to open for Nine Inch Nails' North American arena tour in the autumn of 2005, playing bottom of the bill before Queens of the Stone Age. In 2006, they collaborated on a few tracks with the British musical outfit Unkle, for Unkle's 2007 release, War Stories. After various delays, Autolux released their second album, Transit Transit, in 2010.


title: Failure (band)

text: Kellii Scott joined Blinker the Star after Failure's breakup, and then joined Campfire Girls for their 2003 album, "Tell Them Hi". Scott also played on a track titled 'Best Friend' by Size 14 bassist Robt Ptak on his solo project Artificial Joy, Ptak put this on his own personal reverbnation page in 2013. As of 2005, he was playing drums for both Veruca Salt and Enemy. In 2008, his most recent band The Brontosaur released their self-titled album. From 2008 to 2012 Kellii could be heard playing on all Linda Perry's recording sessions, most notably Christina Aguilera's song "You Lift Me Up" and Courtney Love's "Letter To God". And in 2013 he worked with the Dr Dre and a 72 piece orchestra at Capitol studios for a song on his upcoming album.


title: Failure (band)

text: Troy Van Leeuwen first resurfaced in the original lineup of A Perfect Circle, appearing on their debut album, Mer De Noms (2000), and on the subsequent tour. During the sessions for APC's second album, Van Leeuwen was extended an invitation to join Queens of the Stone Age, which he accepted; he does appear on three tracks on the second APC album, "Thirteenth Step" (2003), but the included cover of Failure's "The Nurse Who Loved Me" is not one of them. He has remained with Queens of the Stone Age since then, first appearing on the tour for their 2002 album, "Songs for the Deaf", but not on the album itself. Also, during this time, Van Leeuwen assembled Enemy, a vehicle in which he is the front man and guitarist; their debut album, "Hooray for Dark Matter", was released in October 2005. In 2008 Van Leeuwen formed the band Sweethead with vocalist Serrina Sims, who also provided backing vocals on Queens of the Stone Age single Make It wit Chu on the album Era Vulgaris, in 2007. The bands roster was rounded up with Norm Block formerly of Plexi and Troy's former Enemy bandmate Eddie Nappi.


title: Failure (band)

text: In 2004, although the band had been inactive for many years, Andrews and Edwards got together to collaborate on a CD/DVD set entitled "Golden", which collects demos, outtakes, touring footage, both of the band's videos, and other rare material from the band's active period. Another posthumous compilation, a 2-CD set titled "Essentials", was assembled for release in 2006; the first disc contains selected tracks from Failure's three studio albums, and the second disc features the first official CD release of all four songs from their two pre-Slash singles, and the complete demos for "Magnified". In 2008, a tribute album to Failure was released titled: "A Tribute to Failure: The Nurse Who Loved Me." On June 8, 2010, Fantastic Planet was planned to be released on a 2LP vinyl set for the first time from Warner Bros. Both Magnified and Comfort were released on LP for the first time in the second half of 2011 by ORG Music (Magnified was delayed until late 2013). The 2010 limited LP release of Fantastic Planet were in such high demand, that they were fetching hundreds of dollars online. In 2016 as part of their pledge project for "The Heart Is A Monster", the band re-released Fantastic Planet on vinyl once more.


title: Failure (band)

text: Failure announced their reunion in late 2013. With the "classic lineup" of Greg Edwards, Ken Andrews and Kellii Scott, they performed their first show since 1997 at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles on February 13, 2014. It was subsequently announced that the band would open for Tool on their upcoming tour.


title: Failure (band)

text: After the first leg, starting in March and culminating with the "Cinquanta" shows on May 10 and 11 at The Greek Theater in Los Angeles, Failure's separate "Tree of Stars" tour took place during May and June 2014 for 18 performances. A tour exclusive EP entitled "Tree of Stars" was available during this leg. The EP contains 4 live tracks and their first new song since "Fantastic Planet", entitled "Come Crashing". On May 14, Failure released the track on their Bandcamp following with "The Focus" on July 14, 2014. Failure commenced work on their fourth album in late 2014, which was significant as their first album in over eighteen years.


title: Failure (band)

text: On March 30, Failure announced their fourth studio album "The Heart Is a Monster," spanning 18 tracks, which was released on June 30 through INgrooves. This announcement coincided with the release of the new single "Hot Traveler," which the band debuted at SXSW earlier that month. Troy Van Leeuwen was not cited as returning to the band, however, he contributed guitar work on several tracks and would participate in its October 2015 tour.


title: Failure (band)

text: In 2016 Failure announced an October tour where they would be playing Fantastic Planet in its entirety to celebrate the album's 20 year anniversary. On Thanksgiving 2016, Failure announced they'd be releasing Fantastic Planet live, using tracks recorded during the Fantastic Planet Anniversary tour. On December 8, 2017, Failure's Slash Records albums were acquired by PIAS Recordings, as part of Warner Music Group's divestment of artist catalogues to indie labels.


title: Failure (band)

text: On March 14, 2018, Failure announced a series of four EPs, with the first, "In The Future", released on March 30. The remaining three will be released throughout 2018 and will eventually culminate in a complete full-length studio album later in the year. The second EP, "Your Body Will Be", was released on May 25, 2018, and the third, "The Furthest Thing", was released on September 14, 2018.


title: Failure (band)

text: . The finished album, titled "In The Future Your Body Will Be The Furthest Thing From Your Mind" was released on November 16, 2018, with the completion of the fourth and final EP, "From Your Mind". In support of the new album, Failure embarked on a 29 city tour starting March 11, 2019 and ending April 24, 2019. They were joined by Swervedriver as a supporting act on the tour.


title: Failure (band)

text: On December 16, 2019, Failure announced their vinyl box set Failure 1992–1996, which includes their albums "Comfort", "Magnified", and "Fantastic Planet". The band was to embark on 2020 residency shows in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City in support of its release, however the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation of all dates.


title: Failure (band)

text: On July 3, 2020, the band released a re-recorded cover of "Enjoy the Silence", titled "Enjoy the Silence 2020". Failure had originally covered the song in 1998 for the tribute album "For the Masses" and re-recorded the song due to the album being hard to find, being out of print for several years and not available on streaming sites. Ken Andrews stated that Failure received the blessing of Depeche Mode for the updated cover.


title: Failure (band)

text: Ken Andrews appeared on a podcast by Shiner's Allen Epley on April 26, 2021, stating that Failure was currently working on music for an upcoming album. The band's sixth studio LP, "Wild Type Droid", was released on December 3, 2021. On January 12, 2022, Failure announced a tour to support the new album during June & July 2022.


title: Failure (band)

text: "The Heart is a Monster", "Fantastic Planet Live", and "In The Future Your Body Will Be The Furthest Thing From Your Mind" were all funded from PledgeMusic, a crowdfunding website. The campaigns for "The Heart is a Monster" and "Fantastic Planet Live" were both successfully completed with all the crowdfunding rewards issued to backers. On March 5, 2019, an email alerted users of PledgeMusic that Failure was not paid at the end of the campaign for "In The Future..." and backers should seek remedies from their credit card companies if not too late. Failure instead sold the campaign merchandise directly from their own website and during the following tour while PledgeMusic declared bankruptcy in May 2019. In November 2019, Ken Andrews released a statement about the aftermath of the PledgeMusic bankruptcy stating that a major label's artists got refunded from the bankruptcy while independent and self-funded musicians were left out.


title: Failure (band)

text: As of December 2021, Failure moved their digital releases to Bandcamp going forward, including prior albums released with Ingrooves & Slash Records. On February 1, 2022, Failure released a statement that they would be removing their music from Spotify due to policies regarding COVID vaccine misinformation and artist royalties.


title: Failure (band)

text: Musically, the band has been described as alternative rock, art rock, space rock, post-grunge and alternative metal. However in December 2021, Edwards stated that the band may be leaning away from the space rock themes and iconography in their future work.


title: Kuşadası

text: Kuşadası () is a large resort town on Turkey's Aegean coast, and the center of the seaside district of the same name within Aydın Province. Kuşadası is south of İzmir, and about from Aydın. The municipality's primary industry is tourism. The mayor of the district is Oğuzhan Turan.


title: Kuşadası

text: The city is situated along a gulf of the same name in the Aegean. The island of Güvercinada (in English: "Pigeon Island") is connected to mainland Kuşadası by a causeway, and is situated adjacent to the large hill of Kese Dağı near the center of town.


title: Kuşadası

text: It is located south of İzmir, the area's metropolitan centre, and approximately in driving distance from the provincial seat of Aydın, depending on the route taken. Its neighbours are Selçuk to the north, Germencik to the north-east, and Söke to the east and south.


title: Kuşadası

text: The district of Kuşadası had a total residential population of 121,493 in 2020, though the actual population is thought to rise to well over half a million in the summer months due to a significant influx of both domestic and international tourists as well as those visiting family or returning to their summer residence. This also includes the hotel and bar staff, construction workers, and drivers who are required to work in/for the restaurants and other services accommodating these visitors. In addition to tourists from overseas, there is also a substantial community of foreigners that have permanently settled in the area.


title: Kuşadası

text: The name "Kuşadası" comes from the Turkish words "kuş" (bird) and "ada" (island), as the island has the shape of a bird's head (when seen from the sea). It was known as "Ephesus Neopolis" (Greek: ) during the Byzantine era, and later as "Scala Nova" or "Scala Nuova" under the Genoese and Venetians. "Kuş Adası" was adopted in its place at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, the citizens of Kuşadası often shorten the town's name to "Ada".


title: Kuşadası

text: The area has been a centre of art and culture since some of the earliest recorded history, and has been settled by many civilizations since being founded by the Leleges people in 3000 BC. Later settlers include the Aeolians in the 11th century BC and Ionians in the 9th. Originally, seamen and traders built a number of settlements along the coastline, including Neopolis.


title: Kuşadası

text: An outpost of Ephesus in ancient Ionia, known as Pygela (Πύγελα) was located in the area between the Büyük Menderes (Maeander) and Gediz (Hermos) rivers. The original Neopolis, is thought to have been founded on the nearby point of Yılancı Burnu. Later settlements were probably built on the hillside of Pilavtepe, in the district called Andızkulesi today. Kuşadası was a minor port frequented by vessels trading along the Aegean coast. In antiquity it was overshadowed by Ephesus, until Ephesus' harbor silted up. From the 7th century BC onwards the coast was ruled by Lydians from their capital at Sardis, then from 546 BC the Persians, and from 334 BC, along with all of Anatolia, the coast was conquered by Alexander the Great. From that point on the coastal cities in Anatolia became a centre of Hellenistic culture.


title: Kuşadası

text: The Roman Empire took possession of the coast in the 2nd century BC and made it their provincial capital in the early years of Christianity. Saint John the Evangelist and (according to Roman Catholic sacred tradition) the Virgin Mary both came to live in the area, which in the Christian era became known as "Ania".


title: Kuşadası

text: As Byzantine, Venetian and Genoese shippers began to trade along the coast, the port was re-founded (by the name of "Scala Nova" or "Scala Nuova", meaning "New Port"), a garrison was placed on the island, and the town centre shifted from the hillside to the coast.


title: Kuşadası

text: Long afterwards, in 1834, the castle and garrison on the island were rebuilt and expanded, becoming the focus of the town. This was to such an extent that people began to refer to the whole town as Kuşadası (bird island). However, in the 19th century, trade began to decline in favor of other nearby cities with the opening of the İzmir-Selçuk-Aydın railway, which bypassed Kuşadası.


title: Kuşadası

text: During the Turkish War of Independence, Kuşadası was occupied from 1919-1922, first by Italian troops between 14 May 1919 and 24 May 1922, and then by Greek troops. The Turkish forces eventually gained control of the city on September 7, 1922.


title: Kuşadası

text: Under the Republic of Turkey, the Greek population was exchanged for Turkish people as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923. It was a district in İzmir Province until its transfer to Aydın Province in 27 June 1957.


title: Kuşadası

text: Kuşadası caters to tourists arriving by land, or from the port for cruise ship passengers heading to Ephesus. In a controversial deal in 2003, the previously public-owned port was leased to a private company and renovated to attract luxury cruise liners.


title: Kuşadası

text: The area features several well-known local beaches, including Ladies Beach, the beach at the centrum, the beaches between the Batıhan Hotel and the Nazilli Site, the beach at Güzelçamlı, and the Dilek Peninsula National Park beach, referred to by locals as simply "Milli Park".


title: Kuşadası

text: There is public transport within the town and to nearby locations via shuttle minibuses ("dolmuş"). There are bus and taxi services going to the nearby airports in İzmir and in Bodrum, Muğla Province. Day trips are available by boat from Kuşadası and Güzelçamlı.


title: Kuşadası

text: Kuşadası's bus station is a transport hub. Coach buses connect the city to various parts of the country.


title: Kuşadası

text: The football teams of the local sports clubs Kuşadasıspor and Kuşadası Yıldız Fenerspor, which compete in the Turkish Regional Amateur League, play their home matches in the Özer Türk Stadium.


title: Deed poll

text: A deed poll (plural: deeds poll) is a legal document binding on a single person or several persons acting jointly to express an intention or create an obligation. It is a deed, and not a contract because it binds only one party.


title: Deed poll

text: The term "deed", also known in this context as a "specialty", is common to signed written undertakings not supported by consideration: the seal (even if not a literal wax seal but only a notional one referred to by the execution formula, "signed, sealed and delivered", or even merely "executed as a deed") is deemed to be the consideration necessary to support the obligation. "Poll" is an archaic legal term referring to documents with straight edges; these distinguished a deed binding only one person from one affecting more than a single person (an "indenture", so named during the time when such agreements would be written out repeatedly on a single sheet, then the copies separated by being irregularly torn or cut, i.e. "indented", so that each party had a document with corresponding tears, to discourage forgery).


title: Deed poll

text: The most common use is a name change through a deed of change of name (often referred to simply as a "deed poll"). Deed polls are used for this purpose in countries including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong, and Singapore. In the UK, a deed poll can also be used to change a child's name, as long as everyone with parental responsibility for the child consents to it and the child does not object to it. The child's parents execute the deed poll on the child's behalf. In some other jurisdictions, a person may simply start using a new name without any formal legal process. The usual requirements are that the new name must be used exclusively and that the change must not be made with the intent to defraud. In English law, a person must notify every creditor of a change of name by deed poll.


title: Deed poll

text: In Australia, prior to 1 November 2000, name change was accomplished by deed poll but now is done by completing a Change of Name form.


title: Deed poll

text: A deed poll may also be used (in England and Wales) for clergy of the Church of England to relinquish their holy orders.


title: Deed poll

text: Bonds and powers of attorney are examples of deeds poll. A will is not a deed poll, not being made under seal, and being subject to separate statutory requirements.


title: I Love New York

text: I Love New York (stylized ) is a slogan, a logo, and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign developed by the marketing firm of Wells, Rich, Greene under the directorship of Mary Wells Lawrence used since 1977 to promote tourism in the state of New York, including New York City. The trademarked logo, owned by the New York State Department of Economic Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the state, some licensed, many not.


title: I Love New York

text: The logo was designed by graphic designer Milton Glaser in 1976 in the back of a taxi and was drawn with red crayon on scrap paper. The original drawing is held in the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan. The song was written by Steve Karmen and its copyright was donated by him to the state.


title: I Love New York

text: The logo consists of the capital letter "I", followed by a red heart symbol (❤), below which are the capital letters "N" and "Y", set in the rounded slab serif typeface American Typewriter.


title: I Love New York

text: In 1977, William S. Doyle, Deputy Commissioner of the New York State Department of Commerce hired advertising agency Wells Rich Greene to develop a marketing campaign for New York State. Doyle also recruited Milton Glaser, a productive graphic designer to work on the campaign and create a design based on Wells Rich Greene's advertising campaign. Glaser's initial sketch to accompany the agency's "I Love New York" slogan was conceived in a taxi. It comprised the letter I and a heart shape followed by NY, all on the same line. As the idea developed he decided to stack the I and heart shape on a line above the NY characters, later stating that he may have been "subliminally" influenced by Robert Indiana's "LOVE" pop art image.


title: I Love New York

text: Glaser expected the campaign to last only a couple months and did the work pro bono. The innovative pop-style icon became a major success and has continued to be sold for years. In the popular mind (though this was not the original intention) the logo has become closely associated with New York City, and the placement of the logo on plain white T-shirts readily sold in the city has widely circulated the appearance of the image, making it a commonly recognized symbol. Glaser's original concept sketch and presentation boards were donated by Doyle to the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York.


title: I Love New York

text: The image became especially prominent following the September 11 attacks on the city, which created a sense of unity among the populace. Many visitors to the city following the attacks purchased and wore the shirts bearing the I Love New York logo as a sign of their support. Glaser created a modified version to commemorate the attacks, reading "I Love NY More Than Ever", with a little black spot on the heart symbolizing the World Trade Center site. The black spot approximates the site's location on lower Manhattan Island. The poster was printed in the New York Daily News and was a fundraiser for New York charities supporting those affected by the attacks. Added text at the bottom encouraged people to "Be generous. Your city needs you. This poster is not for sale."


title: I Love New York

text: "I Love New York" was written and composed by Steve Karmen in 1977 as part of the advertising campaign. In 1980, Governor Hugh Carey declared it as New York's state anthem, although not officially enacted into law. In a move that was remarkable for Karmen, who is well known for retaining the publishing rights to his songs, he gave the rights to the song to the state for free.


title: I Love New York

text: Karmen wrote a new verse for the song in 2020 during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City to emphasize the city's resilience. However, it was never commercially recorded nor used.


title: I Love New York

text: The logo has become a pop-culture icon, inspiring imitations in every corner of the globe. Merchandise proclaiming "I ❤ ..." can be found wherever tourists gather. Parodies, such as "I ♠ My Pets" or "I ♣ Seals", have also appeared. Facetious expressions beginning "I heart…", are based on a literal reading of the logo (e.g., the 2004 Independent film "I Heart Huckabees" and the audio conglomerate iHeartMedia). NYS-licensed pin-back buttons with a red version of the Apple logo replacing the heart (I  NY) were distributed at the 2001 Macworld Expo in New York.


title: I Love New York

text: New York has repeatedly attempted to uphold its trademark; by 2005, the state had filed nearly 3,000 objections against imitators, and 100 "trademark objections and cease-and-desist letters" were filed in 2012 alone. Some objections have been ruled void, such as when a court concluded in 1980 that the producers of "Saturday Night Live" did not infringe on the copyrights of the “I Love New York” campaign with its “I Love Sodom” skit, ruling instead that it was a parody.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Gomorrah () is a 2008 Italian crime film directed by Matteo Garrone, based on the non-fiction book of the same name by Roberto Saviano, who also collaborated in the screenplay. It deals with the Casalesi clan, a crime syndicate within the Camorra — a traditional criminal organization based in Naples and Caserta, in the southern Italian region of Campania.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: The film was released in Italy on 16 May 2008, and premiered in North America at the Toronto International Film Festival on 11 September 2008, followed by release in New York City and Los Angeles on 13 February 2009. It received critical acclaim, winning the Grand Prix at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and seven David di Donatello Awards, including Best Film and Best Director (for Garrone). It also won five awards at the 2008 European Film Awards.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: A 2014 TV series of the same name is loosely based on the same book, but is otherwise unrelated to the film.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Naples, Summer 2004. Some gangsters are relaxing in a tanning salon. An assassination occurs between clans of the Di Lauro Camorra syndicate which rule Scampia-Secondigliano, and triggers the so-called "Faida di Scampia" (Scampia feud) (in reality the war started in October 2004 and ended in September 2005 with the arrest of Paolo Di Lauro) which forms the backstory of the entire movie. The "Faida" erupts between members of the Di Lauro syndicate and the so-called "scissionisti" (secessionists), who are led by Raffaele Amato, brother of two of the men killed in the opening scene.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Don Ciro<br>Don Ciro is a timid middleman who distributes money to the families of imprisoned Di Lauro clan members. After the feud develops within the clan, he is ambushed by a pair of angry secessionists during a delivery. Fearing for his life, he later offers to defect to their side. They refuse his offer, and tell Ciro that he has to "pay" for his life by selling some of his former associates. He leads them to the location where he is given the money for distribution. The pair raid the place, killing everyone but Ciro, and take most of the money, leaving some cash on the table for Ciro. Ciro, still somewhat blood-spattered, walks off past several bodies to an uncertain future.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Totò<br>Totò is a 13-year-old grocery delivery boy who witnesses some drug dealers abandon a bag of drugs and a gun while evading the police at "Sette palazzi" in Scampia. He returns the items to the gang, and asks to join. His initiation in a cavern consists of him being shot while wearing a bulletproof vest as a test of courage. As the feud intensifies, families in the neighborhood whose loyalties are suspect are ordered to move out or suffer violence; Totò's fellow gang members receive similar threats. Later, while hanging out with his gang in the streets of Scampia, one of his gang is killed in a drive-by. The gang members decide to stand their ground and exact violent retribution by selecting a woman, Maria, as their next victim, as her son has joined a clan of Secondigliano secessionists. Totò, who has delivered groceries to Maria, is forced to lure her out of her apartment, where his comrades execute her.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Roberto<br>Roberto is a graduate who works in waste management. His boss, Franco provides a low-cost toxic waste disposal service that allows northern industrialists to dispose of materials like chromium and asbestos in the countryside of southern Italy. Franco and Roberto orchestrate the illegal disposal of the waste at abandoned quarries and other environmentally-sensitive sites. During one such operation, a drum of toxic chemicals is accidentally spilled on a driver. Franco refuses to call an ambulance, and hires children to drive the trucks when the workers refuse to continue their work. Later, Franco and Roberto meet a family of farmers who, desperate to extinguish their debts, decide to allow the burial of chemical substances in their countryside. An elderly farmer gifts Roberto a basket of peaches, but Franco later tells him to throw them away because they are contaminated. Roberto then decides to quit his job and tells Franco he cannot bring himself to poison the earth, to which Franco says that he shouldn't think he is the better man, because he solving problems others had caused, and allowed people to repay their debts. Roberto walks alone on a desolate countryside road.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Pasquale<br>Pasquale is an haute couture tailor who works for Iavarone, a garment factory owner with ties to the Camorra. Pasquale takes a night-job training Chinese garment workers. As they are competing with Camorra-controlled firms, the Chinese drive him to and from work in the trunk of their car. His secret work is discovered nonetheless, and his Chinese associates are killed in a drive-by. He survives the attack, but resigns his job. Later, working as a truck driver, he is in a transport café where he spots Scarlett Johansson on TV wearing one of his dresses. He smiles wryly as he drives away.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Marco and Ciro aka Sweet Pea<br>Marco and Ciro are two young wannabe-gangsters who try to operate their own small racket independently of the local clan. Impressed by mafia portrayals from Hollywood movies, they quote lines and spontaneously reenact scenes from "Scarface" in Walter Schiavone's villa while dropping references to Tony Montana, Miami, and Colombian drug cartels. Their first score is robbing African immigrants during a drug purchase at the Hotel Boomerang, Castel Volturno. The word of the incident gets to the local mob chieftain, who summons them and warns them under threat of violence not to repeat such behavior in the future. Ignoring him completely, they spy Camorra gangsters hiding a stash of weapons. They steal the weapons and amuse themselves by firing off rounds by the banks of a Regi Lagni canal estuary in the marshland. Once they run out of money, they use their guns to rob a video arcade, and spend their stolen funds at a strip club. The gangsters, angered, find them and threaten to kill them if they don't return the weapons within a day. The pair prove stubborn. Zio Vittorio, one of the local gangsters, approaches them in a bar with an offer to come work for him. He offers them €10,000 if they return the weapons and murder Peppe 'O Cavallaro, in fact uncle Bernardino. They accept the contract, which turns out to be a trap, as they are ambushed and killed by Giovanni, Bernardino, Vittorio and others at the location of their supposed target, an abandoned beach resort next to Regi Lagni canal estuary. The last scene shows their dead bodies being carried away by a front end loader.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: In the opening weekend, the film was the most watched in Italy, with a collection of €1,825,643. The film grossed €10.2 million in Italy, making it the top 10 grossing movie in the 2007–08 season. The film made a further $36.5 million internationally.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: "Gomorrah" received critical acclaim. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 92% based on reviews from 152 critics, with an average score of 7.7/10. Metacritic gave the film a weighted score of 87/100, based on 30 critiques, which it ranks as "universal acclaim". In reviewing Garrone's film based on the book, Christoph Huber wrote: "With its interest in moving beyond the categories of novel or non-fiction, Saviano's work has been identified as part of a heterogeneous strain of national literature, subsumed as the New Italian Epic. A term that certainly isn't disgraced by "Gomorrah", the film." Manohla Dargis of the "New York Times" stated, "part of what's bracing about "Gomorrah", and makes it feel different from so many American crime movies, is both its deadly serious take on violence and its global understanding of how far and wide the mob's tentacles reach, from high fashion to the very dirt." Jonah Weiner of "Slate" stated, ""Gomorrah" is a deeply moralizing film, brooking no ethical ambiguity or mitigating factors in its hellish vision of organized crime." Filmmaker Martin Scorsese, who appreciated the "despair" and "frankness" of the film, allowed his name to be used for marketing purposes when the film was released in the United States through a presentation credit on promotional materials.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: In November 2022, a post on the social media site Tumblr went viral which featured a photograph of a pair of "knockoff" boots with a tag including text likely intended to reference "Gomorrah", with the film's name misspelled as "Goncharov" and Garrone's name misspelled as "Matteo JWHJ0715". The viral post quickly spawned a fandom around the non-existent film "Goncharov", with users collaborating to establish a plot for the film, create fan art, and create posts purporting to analyze "Goncharov"'s thematic material.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: The movie premiered in North America at the Toronto International Film Festival on 11 September 2008. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or and won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008. It won the ARRI-Zeiss Award at the Munich Film Festival. The film was selected by the "Associazione Nazionale Industrie Cinematografiche Audiovisive e Multimediali" to represent Italy in contention for Best Foreign Language Film at the 81st Academy Awards. Despite the earlier success at Cannes, and defying expectations, it failed to be short-listed. On 11 December "Gomorrah" received a Golden Globe Awards nomination for Best Foreign Language Film. "Gomorrah" won five awards at the 2008 European Film Awards, including Best European Film in Copenhagen on 6 December 2008.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: The film received seven awards at "L'accademia del Cinema Italiano" 2009 David di Donatello Awards. It was also nominated for the Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: The film, following the book upon which it is based, portrays events identifiably similar to actual historical ones; for example, the Scampia feud. In the film's credits, the filmmakers thank the districts of Scampia and Torre del Greco, as well as the "Carabinieri" of nearby Boscoreale: these three suburban areas around the Bay of Naples feature cityscapes appropriate for filming this story.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: The scene at the truck stop where Pasquale sees Scarlett Johansson on TV wearing one of the tailor's dresses is based on a portion of the book where Angelina Jolie wore a counterfeit dress to the Oscars. Garrone could not obtain that footage from the Academy and was forced to buy footage of Johansson at the Venice Film Festival in 2006 – even though press reports indicate hers was a vintage gown.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Oreste Spagnuolo, member of the Casalesi clan and main perpetrator of the Castel Volturno massacre, has alleged that Garrone paid a pizzo of 20,000 euros in order to proceed with the film. He also insinuates that Terracciano was cast as a part of this deal.


title: Gomorrah (film)

text: Many amateur and non-professional actors from the area were cast in the film. Several are known to have actual involvement in Camorra clans and have been arrested on various occasions since the film's release, notably:


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: Revenge is the sixteenth studio album by American rock band Kiss, released on May 19, 1992. It is the band's first album to feature current drummer Eric Singer, following the death of former drummer Eric Carr in November 1991 and is the group's last album to feature musical contributions from the latter. Marking a stylistic departure from the pop-influenced glam metal which characterized much of the band's 1980s output for a heavier sound, the album reached the Top 20 in several countries, though it failed to reestablish the group back in the mainstream and its sales were equal-to or less than its predecessors, ultimately only being certified gold by the RIAA on July 20, 1992.


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: The album was dedicated to Carr, and the closing track, "Carr Jam 1981," is a demo the drummer had recorded soon after joining the group in 1980. One modification to the song was the dubbing of Bruce Kulick's guitar over Ace Frehley's original work. The main riff of the song was used as the basis for Frehley's Comet song "Breakout", from the 1987 album "Frehley's Comet".


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: In February 1991, Kiss was asked by the producers of the film "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" to record "God Gave Rock 'n Roll to You II" (a remake of the song "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" by the English rock band Argent). The band agreed and reunited with producer Bob Ezrin, ten years after the debacle of "Music From "The Elder"". Gene Simmons was not sure it was the right move, "especially after the bad experience of "The Elder"". But Simmons, Ezrin and Paul Stanley rewrote the song, which they recorded at Ocean Way Recording, The Enterprise and A&M Studios in California, with both Eric Carr and Eric Singer: Singer played the drums while Carr, who was unable to play for his health problems, sang the a cappella line "...to everyone, He gave His song to be sung."


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: The song was featured in "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" with a 40-second Steve Vai solo instead of the Kiss intro found on the album and was a major success, hitting the Top 30 in seven countries, including the Mainstream Rock Tracks in the United States. Emboldened, the band continue with Ezrin on a follow-up to "Hot in the Shade".


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: Carr was diagnosed with heart cancer and underwent open-heart surgery in April 1991 to remove tumors. Shortly after the surgery, he joined the band to perform in the "God Gave Rock 'n' Roll" music video. According to Simmons, Carr had lost all his hair due to chemotherapy and had to wear a wig for the shoot. After the shoot, Stanley and Simmons persuaded Carr to take care of his health and not worry about the band. Kiss's plan was for Singer to play with the band until Carr was healthy enough to return, but Carr's health continued to decline and he died in November 1991. Kiss officially hired Singer to replace Carr.


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: In December 1991, Kiss and Ezrin returned to the studio to work on a new album. In a surprising move, they sought help from former guitarist Vinnie Vincent. According to Simmons, "Vinnie Vincent came up to me and apologized for causing the band all the grief while he was a member. He wanted to patch things up and wondered if I would consider writing some songs with him. 'Sure,' I said. I wanted to let bygones be bygones. I called Paul and told him that Vinnie had apparently changed. Paul wrote songs with him as well. But before the album was released, Vinnie was up to his old tricks again. He reneged on a signed deal we had made and decided that he wanted to renegotiate. He eventually sued us and lost. As far as I was concerned, he was persona non grata forever."


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: With Dave "The Snake" Sabo of Skid Row, Stanley wrote "Do Ya Wanna Touch Me Now", which ultimately failed to make the tracklist. "It's a great luxury to have an album that's so good that another song is only going to detract from it rather than make it any better," Stanley observed. "As good as the song is, we didn't need it." The two met when Stanley was on the phone with Nikki Sixx, who had Sabo on the other line. They later discussed Stanley's possible appearance for Skid Row's recording of Kiss' "C'mon and Love Me" for the all-covers EP "B-Side Ourselves". That was never made, so the two wrote a song in Los Angeles.


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: Stanley also worked with Jani Lane of Warrant on "If You Could See Through My Eyes." The collaboration began before the sessions for "God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II" and during the recording of Warrant's most successful album "Cherry Pie". Stanley also penned "Take It Off" with Kane Roberts (formerly of Alice Cooper), which was featured heavily during the Revenge Tour.


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: Simmons went to work with Bob Dylan. The music was written at the former's guesthouse, and Simmons asked Dylan to complete the lyrics. Dylan insisted that Simmons write them. "I wanted to write a song with Dylan," the Kiss bassist explained. "So, like most things I do, I bullheadedly picked up the phone, tracked down his manager, and said, 'Hi, I'm that guy who sticks his tongue out, and I wanna write a song with Dylan,' or words to that effect. The results could only be 'yes' and 'no.' Dylan said yes. He came over to my house a few years back, and we sat down and started throwing ideas around. Bob came up with a melody/chordal pattern... I chimed in with a melody/chorus idea and voila, we had a song. Lyrics weren't written as yet. I demoed the track with Tommy Thayer. Bob came down to visit and listen. When the demo was done, I asked Bob to write the lyric. He said no, why don't I write it. I have tried to write a meaningful lyric, but it has eluded me. I've bumped into Bob a few times... in Tokyo, while he was on tour, and every time I ask him to write the lyric, and he always says, 'Mr. KISS, you write it.'" The song, originally titled "Laughing When I Want to Cry," was later renamed to "Waiting for the Morning Light" and released on Simmons's second solo album "Asshole".


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: The recording of the album was finished in March 1992. Additional personnel included Dick Wagner of Alice Cooper on the guitar solo for "Every Time I Look at You" (Wagner had previously performed as a ghost player on "Destroyer"), Kevin Valentine on drums for "Take It Off" (Valentine later performed drums as a ghost player on "Psycho Circus"), Jesse Damon, Tommy Thayer, and Jaime St. James on backing vocals. Thayer later became Kiss's lead guitarist, after Ace Frehley left the band for a second time.


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: "God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II" and "Carr Jam 1981" were not planned to be featured on the album, but after the death of Carr, the two were included, and the album was dedicated to Carr. During the "" special aired on VH1 Classic, Simmons stated that "God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II" is "not just a cover song for a soundtrack, but a testament to Eric Carr".


title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: "I'm usually most embarrassed by some of our records," Simmons remarked. "Some of the Kiss records, I could just kick myself in the butt for ever having anything to do with. [But] you learn by your mistakes. That's what enables you to make a good record… like "Revenge"."