title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: Baputty, Kochunni's father, is a famed poor thief who struggles to look after his family. One time he gets caught and is beaten up by the local Brahmins in front of Kochunni, who was a young boy at the time. His mother, not wanting him to grow up in abject poverty and suffering the same fate as his father, persuades him to leave home, so Kochunni leaves. He ends up in the house of a local Brahmin landlord and works as an employee in one of the landlord's shops.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: The film fast-forwards and Kochunni is now an adult. During his time there, Kochunni sees Janaki, a Hindu lower-caste girl who is a servant, and falls in love with her, also learning from her that Thangal, a state-renowned fight master, has opened a school to train students in martial art. After jumping into a well and wrestling with a large python to rescue a boy, he's awarded a medal of bravery by the local British officer and makes a wish that he wants to join in with the dance and celebrations in their local British fort, which the officer grants.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: Kochunni goes to the school but is turned away by Thangal on the basis that, like his father, he might become an even bigger thief by learning the martial art. Janaki also confesses her love for him, and with her help, he learns it by sitting and watching the training on a tree next to the school. However, one day he gets caught by Thangal and he tests Kochunni by making him fight the best student at the school, Thananayik Keshava Kurup, which Kochunni wins. Thangal has a change of heart and promises to teach him believing that one day Kochunni will become his successor. Seeing this, Keshava gets angry and leaves the school, threatening Kochunni that they'll meet one day and he will get his revenge.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: During a stormy journey from Kochi, Kochunni's beloved caretaker falls into the Kayamkulam Lake. While rescuing him, Kochunni sees a stash of gold at the bottom of the lake. Kochunni reports this to local Brahmin landlords and the Brahmins persuade him to get this gold to them in return for three wishes. He successfully gets the gold to them and they grant him one of the wishes, which was a bag of gold. However, their henchmen beat him up during his return and the Brahmins falsely accuse him on grounds of robbery and punish him by dipping his hand in boiling oil and hanging him upside down for four days. Janaki is then stoned and banished from Kayamkulam for loving a man from another caste much to Kochunni's dismay.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: However, on the fourth day Ithikkara Pakki, one of the biggest thief of the place, known for ruthlessly beheading his enemies, comes and frees Kochunni, taking him to Pakki's hideout in the forest. There, he persuades Kochunni to take revenge against the Brahmins by stealing, and he agrees. He is then subjected to intense and hard training by Pakki and his gang of three thieves, Mammad, Kunju Marakkar and Noor Ahmed. He becomes a successful highwayman as well by carrying out robberies against several travelling Brahmins. They then rob several shops of Brahmins in the Kayamkulam market to show their power. Even though they rob many stores, Kochunni refuses to rob his ex-caretaker's store, telling him that he can't watch his beloved ones being attacked by others, unlike what he did when Kochunni was falsely accused by the landlords. One day Kochunni and his friends go to rob a Brahmin's house. They break a wall to go into the house and this woke up some of the Brahmins. Pakki, who saw this, kills some of them. Pakki and his friends enter a room filled with gold. However, the remaining Brahmins see this and try to lock Pakki in the room. Kochunni, seeing this goes to the Brahmin's room and takes the Brahmin's children, and runs away. The Brahmin, seeing this, asks his fellow Brahmins to leave Pakki and his friends to go save his daughter. The Brahmin chases after Kochunni to gain his children. Kochunni does not harm the children and drops them off so the parents can get them back easily. In this time Pakki escapes from the room.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: Then it is the time for Pakki to leave the place. After Pakki leaves, Kochunni becomes the hero for the downtrodden, being a robber for the poor. Keshavan who is out to destroy Kochunni makes several plans to kill him but in vain. Finally he uses Janaki whom Kochunni loved earlier when he was a gentle man. However Kochunni killed the British General and is given the death sentence as he was cheated by his mates who joined Keshavan.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: Back to the present, his capital punishment is fixed and at that time arrives Thangal, his former Kalari Master to see him in jail lastly. Kochunni and Thangal makes their sight useful by planning the way for Kochunni to escape. The procession for the hanging goes with song and martyrs. When Kochunni was about to be hanged, he uses his Kalari skills and after a struggling fight, he escapes with the help of Thangal.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: By late August 2016, Rosshan Andrrews confirmed via media outlets that he would be directing a film based on the life of Kerala's heroic outlaw Kayamkulam Kochunni, written by his regular collaborators Bobby & Sanjay and Nivin Pauly playing the title character, to be produced by Gokulam Gopalan. It is the second film based on Kayamkulam Kochunni after the 1966 film of the same name. Kayamkulam Kochunni was a real-life thief who lived in 19th century in the Central Travancore region. He is said to have stolen from the rich and gave to the poor like Robin Hood. The screenplay was written after a two-and-a-half-year research by an eight-member team. The script was rehashed three times. "Kayamkulam Kochunni" holds the subtitle "most dangerous man". According to Andrrews, the film would feature Kochunni's life before and after his transition as a thief, his survival attempts, romance, and the social structure during the time. It would also discuss several unanswered questions in his story. Since the appearance of present-day Kayamkulam, Alappuzha district has changed from the time of Kochunni, a Sri Lankan village was to be set as Kayamkulam in the film. Filming was then planned to commence by the beginning of 2017 in Sri Lanka, a few scenes were also planned in Kayamkulam. Andrrews also revealed that they have plans to dub and release the film in Tamil language. P. M. Satheesh was signed as the sound designer. Initially, they had talks with Santhosh Narayanan to compose the film's music.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: "Kayamkulam Kochunni" is a period film set in the 1850s and 1860s in what is present-day Kerala. Bobby and Sanjay collected a large amount of information beyond what was already known through Kottarathil Sankunni's "Aithihyamala" and through hearsay. Sanjay said that the film focuses on Kochunni's relationships and friendship. Kochunni was a socialist thief, he fought against "unbelievable cruelty" over the caste system that prevailed during that time. The team went on location scouting in Sri Lanka in June 2017. In August, it was reported that the filming would begin on 10 September. Nivin started learning horse riding and Kalaripayattu in August, he had begun learning the basics earlier in the year. He also gained weight for the role. The script demanded the actors to be trained in Kalaripayattu. Apart from Nivin, actors Babu Antony and Sunny Wayne also underwent training. The training sessions were held at Andrrew's martial arts school in Kochi and went through September 2017. During pre-production, Andrrews created miniatures for every set to be used in the film. In early September, Nivin confirmed that the filming would commence in Udupi in a fortnight.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: According to Andrrews, Nivin was their first and only choice for the role of Kochunni. The film traverse through multiple timelines in Kochunni's life. Nivin was selected for the role since Andrrews felt that he has a flexible body language that suits any role, among his generation of actors. According to Sanjay, Nivin's features matches Sankunni's descriptions of Kochunni in "Aithihyamala". Andrrews briefed the film's story to Nivin along with the story of another film he plans to follow up after "Kayamkulam Kochunni", to both Nivin agreed. In July 2017, a casting call was released for both males and females aged between 5–40. Amala Paul and Priyanka Thimmesh was confirmed before August 2017. Amala's character was said to be an important figure in Kochunni's life; Priyanka plays the role of Suhra, his wife. Babu Antony confirmed his role in September 2017 as Ithingal Thangal, the mentor of Kochunni.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: In late 2017, Amala opted out from the film due to scheduling conflicts, who was replaced by Priya Anand. Andrrews said the rain affected their schedule and had to make changes, which conflicted with Amala's dates who had commitments in Tamil films. Priya cancelled three films for "Kayamkulam Kochunni"; she plays Janaki. According to Priya, Janaki's story is relevant to every woman. Wayne plays the character named Keshavan, who is well trained in Kalaripayattu. In early January 2018, Nivin and Andrrews announced that Mohanlal would appear in the film in the role of Ithikkara Pakki, a robber contemporary to Kochunni. In a February 2018 interview, Sanjay revealed that Mohanlal has 40 minutes screen time who appears at a particular juncture in the story, "we wished for someone of his stature to play this character. Pakki is Kochunni's contemporary and predecessor. It's Pakki who started the unique style of robbing and that's what Kochunni continued with". In March 2018, Nora Fatehi was confirmed to be appearing in a song sequence in the film, which also features Nivin. Choreographed by Vishnu Deva, it was shot in Goa in that month.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: Principal photography commenced on 30 September 2017 in Udupi, Karnataka. In the first schedule the team filmed in locations such as Mangalore, Manjeshwar, and Udupi for two months. It was reported that the filming would move to Sri Lanka for the following schedule. Nivin trained in Kalaripayattu every morning before shoot under trainers from Kerala. He had a shot crop haircut and wears a handlebar moustache for the character of Kochunni. Filming was held in Kasaragod and Mangalore during November and December 2017. Large sets were created for the film. Binod Pradhan was the cinematographer. Mohanlal joined the sets in Mangalore on 13 February 2018 and began filming from the following day with the combination scenes between Ithikkara Pakki and Kochunni. The 161 days long filming was wrapped in Sri Lanka on 1 June 2018.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: Three cinematographers worked in "Kayamkulam Kochunni"—Binod Pradhan, Nirav Shah, and Sudheer Palsane. Pradhan worked for 110 days after which the filming was delayed due to Nivin's injury and other reasons and Pradhan had to join "Kalank" due to prior commitment. Shah was the cinematographer for the next 40 days, who shot the climax and scenes in Goa. Palsane joined for the remaining 11 days for filming the scenes in Sri Lanka. Film's colour grading was done by Red Chillies Entertainment. "Kayamkulam Kochunni" was made on an average budget of 50 crore.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: The original soundtrack of the film was composed by Gopi Sundar and released by Eros Now. The lyrics for the songs were written by Shobin Kannangatt and Rafeeq Ahamed.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: "Kayamkulam Kochunni" was initially set to release on 15 August 2018, but was postponed for about a week due to delays in completing the post-production. Release was postponed again due to the August 2018 Kerala floods and was rescheduled and released on 11 October 2018.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: "Kayamkulam Kochunni" was released in more than 350 screens in Kerala and screened 1700 shows in the first day, making it the largest movie release in the state. The film grossed 5.30 crore in the opening day from Kerala alone, the highest opening-day collection at Kerala box office. It grossed 67crore from the Worldwide box office.


title: Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)

text: "Kayamkulam Kochunni" grossed $1,108,021 in the United Arab Emirates from 49 screens in the opening weekend—the best opener of that weekend, and earned $1,654,495 in four weeks. In the opening weekend, the film collected $70,319 (₹52.03 lakh) in the United States and NZ$21,191 (₹10.18 lakh) in New Zealand. Released on 26 October, the film debuted with £39,483 (₹37.19 lakh) in the opening weekend in the United Kingdom. It made $226,069 (₹1.65 crore) in the US in five weeks and £88,368 (₹83.2 lakh) in the UK in three weeks, and NZ$32,264 (₹15.61 lakh) in New Zealand in two weeks.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Over one hundred video games based on the "Star Wars" franchise have been released, dating back to some of the earliest home consoles. Some are based directly on films while others rely heavily on the "Star Wars" Expanded Universe.


title: Star Wars video games

text: "Star Wars" games have gone through three significant development eras: early licensed games (1979–1993), games developed after the creation of LucasArts (1993–2013), and games created after the closure of LucasArts (2014–present), which are currently licensed to Electronic Arts, and include an "EA Star Wars" logo.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The first "Star Wars" games were developed by a variety of companies after "Star Wars" creator George Lucas licensed the rights to "Star Wars" video games; several of these games were released under the “Lucasfilm Games” banner. Early licensed games, released during the 8-bit and 16-bit eras of gaming, barely featured any kind of narrative, and many were action titles that either retold the stories of the original trilogy (1977–1983) or focused on a single scene of a film.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Later on, Lucas took interest in the increasing success of the video game market, and decided to create his own video game development company, LucasArts, so he could have more creative control over the games and their narratives. During this era, graphics evolved enough for games to be able to tell complex narratives, leading to games that featured more advanced retellings of the stories of the films, with voice-overs and CGI cut scenes, as well as original titles with new narratives that were set in the same continuity as the films. After The Walt Disney Company's purchase of Lucasfilm in 2012 and the closure of LucasArts the following year, the games developed during the first two eras were discarded from the canon in 2014 and reassigned to the non-canonical "Star Wars Legends" label.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Following LucasArts' closure, the rights to produce "Star Wars" video games were reassigned solely to Electronic Arts. Games published during this era are considered canonical to the franchise, and have featured more influence from the Lucasfilm Story Group, responsible for managing aspects of "Star Wars" canon. The "EA Star Wars" license had been set to expire in 2023, but in 2021, Lucasarts announced new partnerships for others to produce "Star Wars" and other Lucasfilm games alongside Electronic Arts.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Although many hobbyists and independent game developers have created freeware games based on the "Star Wars" movie series and brand, this page lists only the games that have been developed or published by LucasArts, or officially licensed by Lucasfilm.


title: Star Wars video games

text: In 1978, Apple Computer produced an unlicensed Star Wars game on cassette tape for its Apple II. As a "space pilot trainee", the player destroys TIE fighters using a first-person heads-up display. The first video game cartridge bearing the name Star Wars appeared that year on the RCA Studio II clones Sheen M1200 and Mustang Telespiel Computer.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The first official licensed "Star Wars" electronic game was Kenner's 1979 table-top "Star Wars" Electronic Battle Command. The game had three levels of play (basic, intermediate, and advanced). Players took turns examining star systems with the aim of avoiding black holes, locating enemies, and searching for MAGNA, "the FORCE-giving star". The game was billed as "the most exciting computer game you will ever play".


title: Star Wars video games

text: Licensed releases for the Atari 2600 began with "" (1982) in which the player piloted a snowspeeder during the Battle of Hoth, destroying AT-AT walkers. Several other games appeared, such as "" (1983), where the player controlled the "Millennium Falcon" in a mission to destroy the second Death Star, and "" (1983), the first game to attempt to simulate a lightsaber battle (in this case, clearly inspired by the "Star Wars" scene, where Luke Skywalker trains with a seeker). In 1983, the "Star Wars" arcade game was released by Atari based on the 1977 film. In this game (featuring color vector graphics and the first ever digitized speech from a film) the player enters the seat of Luke's Red Five X-Wing fighter, battles waves of TIE fighters led by Darth Vader, weaves through towers across the surface of the Death Star, and plummets through the battle station's trench in an attempt to destroy it. The sequel for the game, "", used the same technology to re-create scenes from the second film, including battles with AT-AT walkers and an asteroid field.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Due to the video game crash of 1983, which temporarily stalled the home console market, no further games based on the franchise were released until 1987 when UK software publisher Domark released several 8-bit versions of the "Star Wars" vector arcade game, followed by similar conversions in 1988 of "" machine. In 1987, Namco developed a "Star Wars" game for the Nintendo Family Computer (Famicom) for the Japanese market exclusively, based on the 1977 film, but with several liberties taken with its storyline.


title: Star Wars video games

text: In 1991, the platformer "Star Wars" was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System (the Famicom's Western counterpart), Sega Master System, Game Boy and Game Gear, and one year later, "" covered the plotline of the fifth episode of the saga. Also in 1992, "Super Star Wars" was released for the SNES, followed by the remaining games in the trilogy: "" (1993) and "" (1994), the latter also receiving conversions for the Game Boy and Game Gear in 1995.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The following is a list of "Star Wars" games that are based on the feature films, developed during this development era:


title: Star Wars video games

text: In the early 1980s George Lucas decided to invest in videogames. So through Lucasfilm, Lucas started his own video game company, which he named LucasArts. However, since Lucas had already licensed the rights to develop "Star Wars" games, the company instead developed original adventure games and World War II flight combat games. LucasArts regained the rights to develop "Star Wars" games in 1993, at that point the videogame company put their previous experience in flight simulators to use, and released a "", the first self-published "Star Wars" video game and the first space flight simulation based on the franchise.


title: Star Wars video games

text: As "" release approached, dozens of licensed "Episode I" tie-in titles appeared, even educational titles, the market was flooded with several games, most of them of questionable quality. However, at the same time, titles based on the Expanded Universe flourished with critical acclaim, such as the expansion to "Jedi Knight", "" and the first game in the .


title: Star Wars video games

text: After the release of "Episode I" in theaters in 1999, games from the prequel trilogy were released for most major platforms. The first releases were "" (action-adventure) and "", based on the podracing sequence in movie. Others, including "" and "", were released, but with little success. The first strategic game in the "Star Wars" expanded universe was titled "" and broke new ground in that it incorporated ships and planets not found in the original canon, such as the Rebel Assault Frigate and the Bulwark Cruiser. But for all its ground-breaking new looks, it was not as successful as would have been hoped. The second strategic title, "" was also released, but failed to keep up with other RTS games, since it was more focused on battling (with no resource gathering) and used a primitive 3D engine. About a decade later, resource gathering lost popularity in favor of faster-paced combat-centric RTS games.


title: Star Wars video games

text: In 2002, "" premiered in theaters, and another wave of "Star Wars" based games, including "", "Star Wars Racer Revenge", and "" were released, this time focusing on events and characters from "Attack of the Clones" such as bounty hunter Jango Fett and the Clone Wars.


title: Star Wars video games

text: "" was released, allowing the player to be a Jedi Master flying a Jedi starfighter. A third RTS game with a much more conventional approach to the genre's norms and using the "" engine, "", offered a better alternative to those seeking strategy in the Star Wars universe.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Adjoining the release of "", a (action) was also released close to the premiere, with various degrees of success. "" was also released in 2005.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Formerly known as "Star Wars Expanded Universe", this continuity was renamed into "Legends" in 2014 and all media based on them, including video games, ceased to be canon. The "X-Wing series" marked the start of the "Star Wars" games moving away from remaking the official films and began to focus more on the Expanded Universe. Other titles were published or licensed by LucasArts, such as The Software Toolworks's "Star Wars Chess" who also used the first "multimedia explosion" to release "" (1993), which used FMV and photos extensively.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The 1996 Nintendo 64 title "" was part of a LucasArts attempt to create a story between "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of Jedi", putting the player in control of mercenary Dash Rendar. "Shadows of the Empire" featured fan-favorite parts from the "Super Star Wars" line, such as another reenactment of the Battle of Hoth, piloting a snowspeeder and tying a cable around AT-ATs legs. After the original trilogy was re-released as the "Special Editions" in 1997, LucasArts published other titles, including "" and "Star Wars Monopoly", as well as a "Star Wars"-themed fighting game, "".


title: Star Wars video games

text: "Star Wars: X-Wing" was one of the best-selling games of 1993, and established the beginning of the , which garnered numerous awards and recognition. "Star Wars: X-Wing" was followed by several sequels and expansions, such as "", "", and "".


title: Star Wars video games

text: The first step towards modern games was done with 1995's "", the first "Star Wars" first-person shooter video game. A hybrid adventure game incorporating puzzles and strategy, it featured new gameplay features and graphical elements not then common in other games, made possible by LucasArts' custom-designed game engine, called the Jedi. The game was well received and well reviewed, the game put the player in the role of Kyle Katarn, who would later appear in multiple games, novels, and comics. After the Special Edition original trilogy re-release in 1997, LucasArts published "", then "" released in 1999. In 2002, its sequel "" was released and gave players the first chance to experience advanced lightsaber duels, and it also detached itself from the usual idea of movie tie-ins. One year later, the last game in the "Jedi Knight" series, "" was released. Katarn is a former Imperial stormtrooper who joins the Rebellion and ultimately becomes a Jedi, a plot arc similar to that of Finn in the 2015 film "The Force Awakens".


title: Star Wars video games

text: In 2003, "", a BioWare RPG that debuted on the Microsoft Xbox and PC. "Knights" (also known as KotOR among fans) was critically acclaimed, even winning "Game of the Year" at the Game Developers Choice Awards, (along with many other critics) in 2003. "" was developed by Obsidian Entertainment and released in 2004. "The Sith Lords" was praised for its cerebral writing and moral ambiguity, similar to "The Empire Strikes Back", but criticized for being derivative of the first game and being released in an incomplete state. Another MMORPG titled "" was developed by BioWare, which released globally on December 20, 2011. Pre-orders went up for sale in July 2011 and open beta weekends were confirmed for September 2011.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Pandemic Studios' "Battlefront" consisted of two games, "" (2004) and "" in 2005, both games sharing three common platforms: the Xbox, PlayStation 2 and PC.


title: Star Wars video games

text: A third "Star Wars: Battlefront" title was planned for 2006 but was cancelled. Two spin-offs were released, "", released in 2007 for the PlayStation Portable and "" on November 3, 2009 for the Nintendo DS and the PlayStation Portable. "Elite Squadron" is the first "Battlefront" game to offer a transition from space to ground battles at the players choice. After Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm and the restructuring of the "Star Wars" canon, the "Battlefront" series was rebooted by EA DICE.


title: Star Wars video games

text: "", released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii, uses a new, detailed graphics engine. The Wii version utilizes the motion sensing and accelerometer capabilities of the Wii Remote (simulating the ability to swing a lightsaber) and its Nunchuk attachment (used to perform Force powers). Its sequel, "", was released in the United States on October 26, 2010.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The following is a list of "Star Wars" titles that are handheld and mobile games. Additional handheld and mobile games are listed above. Unless otherwise mentioned, these games are also released for mobile phones.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The following games are more of "Star Wars" themed, rather than actually influencing the franchise's fictional plot, they are classified together because of sharing the same genre, rather than officially being part of the same series. Excluded are the games listed above.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Compilations: "Star Wars Galaxies: Starter Kit" (2005), "Star Wars Galaxies: The Total Experience" (2005), and "Star Wars Galaxies: The Complete Online Adventures" (2006)


title: Star Wars video games

text: At E3 2012, EA with LucasArts announced "Star Wars 1313", which focuses more on the life of a bounty hunter as he descends to the level 1313 on Coruscant to unravel a criminal plot. The game focuses more on gunplay and bounty hunter gameplay rather than the Force users and lightsabers combat. It was set to release in Fall 2013 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Windows. "1313" has subsequently been cancelled by LucasArts following its purchase by Disney. The following are the stand-alone "Star Wars" videogames that were canceled, the canceled titles that were part of a series are listed along its respective series.


title: Star Wars video games

text: With the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company, it was announced that LucasArts' development arm would stop making video games indefinitely. In addition to this, various online browser games have shut down their servers, and can no longer be played.


title: Star Wars video games

text: After LucasArts was shut down, on May 6, 2013, Disney and Lucasfilm revealed a partnership with Electronic Arts that granted EA exclusive rights to produce "Star Wars" games for consoles and PC, with Disney retaining the freedom to handle the games for mobile platforms, such as smartphones, tablets and browsers. This deal was set to expire in 2023.


title: Star Wars video games

text: On April 25, 2014, most of the previous licensed "Star Wars" video games, novels, comics produced since the originating 1977 film "Star Wars" were rebranded as "Star Wars Legends" and declared non-canon to the franchise.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Among the EA subsidiaries responsible for creating the "Star Wars" games within the deal, were the developers DICE, BioWare, Visceral Games and Respawn Entertainment. After the canon restructuring, EA announced their new games would fall under the restructured canon. As of the release of "Jedi: Fallen Order", all EA-produced "Star Wars" games are considered canonical, although only the ones with an actual "story mode" narrative.


title: Star Wars video games

text: After the restructuring of the "Star Wars" canon, the "Battlefront" series formerly developed by Pandemic was rebooted by EA DICE. The first game was released in 2015, rushed into the market to tie-in with to the release of "". As a result of the shorter development time, developer EA DICE decided to take a significant departure from all previous installments of the franchise and focus the game entirely on online multiplayer, completely axing the inclusion of a single player campaign or any sort of narrative; the move was heavily criticized by fans, including Finn actor John Boyega. Only original trilogy characters (Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Boba Fett, Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine) and planets (Tatooine, Hoth and Endor) were playable on launch. Downloadable content later added the planets Jakku (from "The Force Awakens"), Bespin (from "The Empire Strikes Back"), Scarif (from "Rogue One"), in addition to the Death Star battle station (from "A New Hope"), and heroes Nien Numb, Greedo ("Outer Rim"), Lando Calrissian, Dengar ("Bespin"), Chewbacca, Bossk ("Death Star"), and Jyn Erso and Director Krennic ("Rogue One: Scarif"). The first "Battlefront" also received a PlayStation VR add-on mission, the "Rogue One X-Wing VR Mission".


title: Star Wars video games

text: The second "Battlefront" is the first in the series to be considered part of the "Star Wars" canon. It addresses a major criticism of the previous game by including a singleplayer campaign with a story-mode set between the ending of "Return of the Jedi" and the beginning of "The Force Awakens", in which the player controls an Imperial special forces commander named Iden Versio; additionally, characters from the films, including Luke Skywalker, Leia Organa, Han Solo, Lando Calrissian and Kylo Ren are playable. The multiplayer mode features characters from the original, prequel, and sequel trilogies, as well as anthology films. Future content was originally going to be distributed in a "season" system, though this was changed to monthly updates.


title: Star Wars video games

text: "" is a singleplayer game developed by Respawn Entertainment. It was released on November 15, 2019 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The story revolves around a survivor of Order 66, Cal Kestis, who is on the run from the Empire and its Inquisitors. "Jedi: Fallen Order" takes place between "Revenge of the Sith" and "A New Hope".


title: Star Wars video games

text: "" is an action video game developed by Motive Studios. It was revealed on June 15, 2020, and was released on October 2, 2020, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a singleplayer campaign and multiplayer modes, alongside cross-platform play between all three platforms and virtual reality support for the PS4 and PC versions.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Prior to its closure in 2017, Visceral Games was working on an untitled game set in the time between "Return of the Jedi" and "The Force Awakens". Amy Hennig, former "Naughty Dog" writer and director who oversaw the "Uncharted" series, joined Visceral as creative lead on the project codenamed "Ragtag". On October 17, 2017, EA announced the closure of Visceral Games. EA reassigned the game to its EA Worldwide Studios, led by EA Vancouver, and said they will revamp the gameplay, which had been described as a linear, story-heavy title, into "a broader experience that allows for more variety and player agency". On 15 January 2019, Kotaku's Jason Schreier reported that the game codenamed ""Project Ragtag"" had been canceled according to three people familiar with goings-on at EA. "Rogue One" writer Gary Whitta openly criticized Electronic Arts for the cancelation, adding that he hoped Disney would hand the "Star Wars" licence to other companies.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Following the massive player reception of "Star Wars Battlefront II" and the success of "", EA CEO Andrew Wilson said that they're doubling down on the Star Wars games, meaning that a possible revival for the Battlefront series or more video games that has yet to be reported in development.


title: Star Wars video games

text: In January 2021, it is announced that Electronic Arts will no longer hold the exclusive rights to make Star Wars games. Though the license will be shipped off to other developers and publishers, Electronic Arts has some games in development for the near-future.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The lower than expected sales and mixed fan reception towards Electronic Arts' handling of the "Battlefront" sub-franchise has led to rumors of Lucasfilm considering to change the terms of the license, originally set to expire in 2024. Lucasfilm was rumored to be courting either Ubisoft or Activision to either replace EA, or sharing rights to develop "Star Wars" games with them.


title: Star Wars video games

text: In January 2021, Lucasfilm revived the Lucasfilm Games label as the licensing brand for all IP from the Lucasfilm production. This included a new "Indiana Jones" game to be produced by MachineGames, as well as a new open world "Star Wars" game to be produced by Ubisoft and Massive Entertainment, the first major non-EA "Star Wars" game. Lucasfilm did not speak to the state of EA's prior exclusive license to develop "Star Wars" games but affirmed EA would still be making such games, but stated that they "feel like there's room for others".


title: Star Wars video games

text: In February 2021, a free-to-play competitive arena combat game developed by Zynga called "Star Wars: Hunters" was announced. The game will be released for the Nintendo Switch and on the Apple and Google Play appstores.


title: Star Wars video games

text: On September 9, 2021 as part of the PlayStation Showcase, a remake of "" is announced as a timed console exclusive for PlayStation 5 in development at Aspyr. Several voice actors and developers who have worked on the original are returning including Jennifer Hale as Bastila Shan.


title: Star Wars video games

text: On December 9, 2021, during the Game Awards event, a new Star Wars game called "Star Wars Eclipse" was announced, set in the High Republic Era, and is being developed by Quantic Dream.


title: Star Wars video games

text: On January 25, 2022, EA announced that Respawn had three Star Wars titles in development: A sequel to "Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order", a first-person shooter, and a strategy game with new studio Bit Reactor.


title: Star Wars video games

text: In some cases Lucasfilm has allowed other videogames franchises to do their own "Star Wars" games, resulting in crossover hybrid franchises, that are developed by other studios.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Zen Studios developed nineteen virtual pinball tables based on the "Star Wars" franchise, with none of them being imitations of previously released "Star Wars" physical pinball tables. All of them are released as downloadable content add-ons for the sequels to "Pinball FX" and "Zen Pinball". A compilation of all 19 tables, titled Star Wars Pinball, is also available on iOS, Android and Nintendo Switch. The mobile versions of "Star Wars Pinball", are paid apps whose price unlocks one particular table and all other tables are unlocked via in-app purchases, while the Switch version, released in 2019 as both a retail and digital title, includes immediate access to all tables, plus additional features. An Amazon Luna port of "Star Wars Pinball" has also been announced as a launch title.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Star Wars Pinball (2013) Windows, Mac, Wii U, Xbox 360, 3DS, PSVita, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Kindle Fire, Android, iOS


title: Star Wars video games

text: Star Wars Pinball: Balance of the Force (2013) Xbox 360, PSVita, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Android, iOS


title: Star Wars video games

text: A twentieth pinball table, based on the first season of "The Mandalorian", was announced to be in development in late October 2020 and due for a spring 2021 release, along with a 21st table based on toy "Star Wars" action figures, titled "Star Wars: Classic Collection". Plans to include the two tables in "Pinball FX 3" were scrapped in favor of adding them to a new "Star Wars Pinball VR" game released on April 29, 2021, running on Unreal Engine 5 after Zen Studios announced a partnership with Epic Games to use such engine for new pinball titles, including their upcoming "Pinball FX" reboot later in that year.


title: Star Wars video games

text: Lego has licensed videogames based on their "Lego Star Wars" toys, as part of their Lego video games franchise. Due to the technical limitations of handhelds, the handheld versions always result in an entirely different game telling the same story as the console version. However, the PlayStation handheld versions tend to imitate more closely the console versions albeit with some reduced areas and features.


title: Star Wars video games

text: The third installment of the "Disney Infinity" series included "Star Wars" characters for the first time as playable characters, alongside characters from other franchises owned by Disney, including characters from the Marvel and Pixar films.


title: Star Wars video games

text: This category refers to videogames from other franchises where the inclusion of "Star Wars" characters is very minor and restricted only to small easter eggs or an unlockable character cameo.


title: Star Wars video games

text: On January 25, 2016, Frontwire Studios began an attempt to produce an unofficial "Battlefront" installment called "Galaxy in Turmoil". The fan made game was in production using Unreal Engine 4 and was based on the cancelled "Star Wars: Battlefront III" by Free Radical Design. Although early versions of the game contained assets from Free Radical Design, they soon became "place holders" as the full game planned to be released using assets and music made from the ground up. On June 4, 2016, "Galaxy in Turmoil" gained a distribution deal through Valve and was planned to be released for free on Steam which generated a fair amount of attention.


title: Star Wars video games

text: On June 22, 2016 Lucasfilm requested the production of "Galaxy in Turmoil" be halted. On July 31, 2016, Frontwire Studios announced the cancellation of the game was due to the "possibility of "Galaxy in Turmoil" taking away attention from Electronic Arts' Battlefront franchise". Proposals of "Galaxy in Turmoil" falling under the paywall of Electronic Arts, and ideas of Lucasfilm giving Frontwire Studios a Star Wars IP licence were both rejected due to an agreement between Electronic Arts and Lucasfilm. Although Frontwire Studios may have fallen within Fair Use laws, legal conflict was avoided and the fan made Star Wars inspired project was canceled. There is a playable alpha that contains assets from Free Radical Design that was released to the public then removed early on within "Galaxy in Turmoil"s lifetime. "Galaxy in Turmoil" is now planned to be released as a brand new "cyber-punk" themed IP without any "Star Wars" references, but still with "Battlefront III"-inspired mechanics including space-to-ground battles.


title: Emily Hart

text: Emily Anne Hart is an American former actress. She is the younger sister of actress Melissa Joan Hart and is best known for her roles as Sabrina Spellman in "" and Amanda Wiccan in "Sabrina the Teenage Witch".


title: Emily Hart

text: Hart is a daughter of television producer Paula Hart (née Voje) and William Hart, a businessman. She has six sisters (three of whom are half-sisters) and one brother. Her stepfather (since 1994) is television executive Leslie Gilliams, who competed on Season 5 of the American version of "MasterChef" in 2014, finishing in 3rd place. Her older siblings Melissa, Trisha, Elizabeth, and Brian Hart have all been in show business to varying degrees, as have younger half-sisters Alexandra Gilliams, Samantha Gilliams, and Mackenzie Hart.


title: Emily Hart

text: Hart started acting influenced by her older sister Melissa. In 1994, she played Tommy, Age 4 in the Broadway production of The Who's Tommy. In 1998, she won a Young Artist Award for her role in the television movie "The Right Connections". She was also nominated that year for a guest appearance on the series "Sabrina, the Teenage Witch", in which her sister Melissa Joan Hart starred. A later episode of that series, entitled "Witchright Hall", served as a backdoor pilot for a possible spin-off series starring Hart as Sabrina's younger cousin Amanda, but the show was not picked up by The WB.


title: Emily Hart

text: In 1999, Hart was cast in the title role of "Sabrina: The Animated Series" while her older sister Melissa co-starred as Hilda and Zelda Spellman, for which she was nominated for Young Artist Awards in 2000 and 2001, winning the second of the two. Also in 2001, Hart starred as the teen-aged Shirley Temple in the TV movie "". In 2003, she won another Young Artist Award for a guest appearance on the series "Sabrina, the Teenage Witch".


title: Emily Hart

text: In 2005, Hart starred in a short film "Mute", directed by her older sister Melissa. In 2008 she played York in the horror thriller film "Nine Dead" released in 2009/2010, which also featured her older sister Melissa. She was the narrator for the 2016 audio book of "Things I Can't Explain: A Clarissa Novel".


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Shirley Lynn Phelps-Roper (born October 31, 1957) is an American lawyer and political activist. She was the lead spokesperson of the Westboro Baptist Church of Topeka, Kansas, an organization that protests against homosexuality conducted under the slogan "God Hates Fags" until a power struggle within the organization reduced her status as a spokesperson.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Shirley Phelps was born October 31, 1957, in Topeka, Kansas. She is the daughter of Margie Marie (Simms) and pastor Fred Phelps, minister of the Westboro Baptist Church, an independent church characterized as a hate group by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Phelps-Roper practices law for Phelps-Chartered Co., the Phelps family's law firm established by her father in 1964. According to her firm's web page, she has been licensed to practice in Kansas and federal courts.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Besides her father Fred, Shirley Phelps-Roper was the most active spokesperson of the Westboro Baptist Church and answered many of the e-mails sent to the church in a column called "Dear Shirley. She and other family members have become known for picketing at funerals of AIDS victims with signs such as "God hates fags" and at funeral processions for American soldiers killed in combat.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: In 2006, in the aftermath of the West Nickel Mines School shooting, Phelps-Roper was invited to "Hannity & Colmes" on Fox News. During the interview, Alan Colmes questioned Phelps-Roper as to whether the five Amish girls deserved to die, to which she responded that they did, prompting condemnation by Colmes and co-host Sean Hannity who called her sick and evil. In February 2008, Phelps-Roper traveled to the community of DeKalb, Illinois, to picket memorials for the victims of the Northern Illinois University shooting. Phelps-Roper said that "God [had] sent the shooter" because they "don't love Christ". Her intents, however, to picket other University's memoerials were blocked.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: By 2014, Phelps-Roper's duties as spokesperson for the Westboro Church had been reduced after a power struggle within the church, and her authority transferred to an all-male board of elders.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Phelps-Roper was arrested on June 5, 2007, on suspicion of contributing to the delinquency of a minor. Police alleged that she allowed her son to trample an American flag while protesting the funeral of a soldier in Bellevue, Nebraska, which is a misdemeanor in the state. Phelps-Roper announced her intent to challenge the constitutionality of the Nebraska statute. The charges against her were dropped when she agreed to dismiss pending lawsuits filed against Sarpy County in state and federal court.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Phelps-Roper was named a defendant in the Supreme Court case "Snyder v. Phelps". She has been placed on the list of individuals banned from entering the United Kingdom for "fostering extremism or hatred."


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: Phelps-Roper is married to Brent D. Roper and they have 11 children. Five of her children, notably Megan Phelps-Roper, have left the church.


title: Shirley Phelps-Roper

text: In a 2007 Channel 4 documentary featuring Welsh personality Keith Allen, Phelps-Roper said on camera that her oldest son Samuel was born out of wedlock. When asked if she would go to hell for her actions, Phelps-Roper explained that "I know better" and had "put away" such behavior.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: Akiem Jamar Hicks (born November 16, 1989) is an American football defensive end for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 2012 NFL Draft and has also played for the New England Patriots and Chicago Bears. He played college football at Sacramento City College and at the University of Regina.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: A native of Sacramento, California, Hicks was born in Elk Grove, attended Del Campo High School in Fair Oaks, and began his college career at Sacramento City College. After the 2008 season, he was rated as a top junior college player and signed to play at LSU. However, recruiting violations by LSU made him ineligible for the 2009 season; unable to transfer to another American football program, he went to work at a DirecTV call center in Colorado Springs, Colorado while he considered his next move. Hicks had an offer to play for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League, but decided instead to continue his education and college football career with the Regina Rams of the Canada West Universities Athletic Association. After his first season at Regina, he was drafted by the Omaha Nighthawks of the United Football League, but again decided to stay in college. In his second year at Regina, he made 42 tackles and 6 1/2 sacks and was named the CWUAA's top lineman. A strong performance in the East-West Shrine Game increased his profile with NFL scouts.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: The Saints drafted Hicks in the third round of the 2012 NFL Draft; it was the Saints' first pick of the draft. He became the ninth Canadian Interuniversity Sport player to be selected in the NFL draft, and the second-highest NFL draft pick in CIS history (behind only Mike Schad, a first round pick in 1986). As a rookie in 2012, Hicks played 14 games making 20 tackles, a pass defended, and a forced fumble.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: On September 30, 2015, Hicks was traded to the New England Patriots for tight end Michael Hoomanawanui.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: On December 20, 2015, Hicks scored a touchdown in the Patriots' 33–16 win against the Tennessee Titans, recovering the ball for a touchdown after a Chandler Jones strip sack. For the remainder of the 2015 season with the Patriots, Hicks played 13 games with 21 tackles, three sacks, and a fumble recovery for a touchdown. Overall in 2015, combined with both teams, Hicks played 16 games with 24 tackles. The Patriots finished the season with a 12-4 record to clinch an AFC East division title until losing to the Denver Broncos in the AFC Championship game by a score of 20–18.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: On March 13, 2016, Hicks signed a two-year contract with the Chicago Bears. On September 11, 2016, Hicks made his debut as a Chicago Bear against the Houston Texans, recording 3 tackles and a forced fumble. On September 23, 2016, Hicks was fined $18,231 for roughing the passer, regarding a helmet-to-helmet hit on Carson Wentz in Week 2 against the Eagles. On October 2, 2016, Hicks recorded his first sack of the season on Matthew Stafford and the Detroit Lions. On October 31, 2016, Hicks recorded two sacks against the Minnesota Vikings. On December 4, 2016, Hicks recorded 10 tackles plus two sacks and a forced fumble in a 26-6 win over the San Francisco 49ers, earning him NFC Defensive Player of the Week. On December 11, 2016, Hicks recorded a sack against the Detroit Lions. Hicks's seventh sack of the season was a career-high.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: On September 10, against the Atlanta Falcons in the season opener at Soldier Field, Hicks had two sacks in the 23–17 loss.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: During Week 4 of the 2018 season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Hicks was ejected for pushing an official out of the way after being involved in a fight with Buccaneers offensive lineman Ali Marpet. Hicks was not suspended, but was fined $33,425.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: In week 11 against the Minnesota Vikings, Hicks sacked quarterback Kirk Cousins once, along with recording a career-best five tackles for a loss. The Bears won the game 25–20.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: Hicks also saw occasional playing time on offense during the season. In a week 13 loss to the New York Giants, he lined up at upback alongside defensive end Roy Robertson-Harris on fourth-and-goal from the Giants' one-yard line. Receiving the hand-off, Hicks ran for the one-yard touchdown. The play was dubbed "Freezer Left" by head coach Matt Nagy in tribute to William "The Refrigerator" Perry, a defensive lineman who sporadically played fullback for the Bears in the 1980s. Hicks was the first Bears defensive player to score a touchdown on offense since linebacker Brian Urlacher caught a touchdown pass from punter Brad Maynard on a fake field goal in 2001.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: Hicks finished the season with 55 tackles, 7.5 sacks, and 3 forced fumbles. He received an overall grade of 91.6 from Pro Football Focus in 2018, which ranked as the 4th highest grade among all qualifying interior defenders. He was named to the 2019 Pro Bowl roster.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: In week 1 against the Green Bay Packers, Hicks recorded the first sack of his season on Aaron Rodgers as the Bears lost 10-3.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: In week 3 against the Washington Redskins, Hicks recovered a fumble forced by teammate Khalil Mack before exiting the game with a knee injury. Without Hicks, the Bears won the game 31-15. On October 15, the Bears placed Hicks on injured reserve after an elbow injury. He was designated for return from injured reserve on December 2, 2019, and began practicing with the team again. He was activated on December 14, 2019.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: Hicks made his return in a game against the Packers, but reaggravated the injury during the game. He did not play another down for the rest of the season.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: Hicks made his return from injury in Week 1 against the Detroit Lions and sacked Matthew Stafford once during the 27–23 win.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: In Week 2 against the New York Giants Hicks recorded another sack, this time on Daniel Jones during the 17–13 win.


title: Akiem Hicks

text: Hicks started his 2021 season with a half sack in a Week 1 game against the Los Angeles Rams sacking Matthew Stafford in a 34-14 loss. Hicks played in weeks 2 and 3 and was injured for weeks 4 and 5. Hicks came back for week 6 to face Aaron Rodgers and the Green Bay Packers were he recorded another sack in a 24-14 loss. Hicks was injured again for week 7 but would come back to play in two more games before the Chicago Bears week 10 bye. Hicks again missed weeks 11-14 with a ankle sprain before coming back in week 15 against the Minnesota Vikings and sacked Kirk Cousins 2 times in a home game that saw Kirk Cousins throw for a career low in yards of only 87 in a 17-9 loss.


title: Rock with You

text: "Rock with You" was written by Rod Temperton and produced by Quincy Jones. It was first offered to Karen Carpenter, while she was working on her first solo album, but she turned it down. It was released on November 3, 1979, by Epic Records as the second single from Jackson's fifth solo studio album "Off the Wall" (1979). It was also the third number-one hit of the 1980s, a decade in which the pop singles chart would quickly be dominated by Jackson.


title: Rock with You

text: It reached number one on both the US pop (Jackson's third number-one on this chart) and R&B charts (Jackson's second number one on that chart). It spent a total of four weeks at the top position on the former chart from January 19 to February 9, 1980, and six weeks (from January 5 to February 9, 1980) on the latter chart. According to "Billboard", the song was the fourth biggest single of 1980. It is also considered one of the last hits of the disco era.


title: Rock with You

text: It was re-released as a single on February 27, 2006, as part of the "" box set. In 2021, "Rolling Stone" placed it at number 354 on its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time·


title: Rock with You

text: "Rock with You" is a Disco and funk song, that was written in the key of E minor. Meter is 4/4 at 114 bpm. Jackson's vocal range is F to G.


title: Rock with You

text: The track received generally positive reviews from music critics. J. Edward Keyes of "Rolling Stone" said "What's remarkable about 'Rock With You' is how unobtrusive it is: a silky string section and barely-there twitch of guitar — Michael doesn't even hit the word 'Rock' all that hard — he just glides over it, preferring to charm with a wink and a smile rather than with aggression or ferocity." Steven Hyden called it his "favorite song", and noted the line "Girrrrrrl, when you dance, there's a magic that must be love" as being "the most purely joyful moment [Hyden] has ever heard in a pop song".


title: Rock with You

text: AllMusic highlighted the song on the album itself. Robert Christgau called it a "smooth ballad". "Cash Box" praised the production, calling the song a "soft, classy number" with "multi-tracked harmonies," "a modified dance beat," "shimmering flute tones and jazzy guitar work."


title: Rock with You

text: A music video was released for the song, using the shorter single version. It features Michael in a sparkly sequined suit singing the song with a bright laser behind him. The video was directed by Bruce Gowers and filmed in 1979 at the 800 Stage in Los Angeles, California.


title: Rock with You

text: The music video was included on the video albums: "Video Greatest Hits - HIStory", "Number Ones" and "Michael Jackson's Vision".


title: Rock with You

text: Michael Jackson first performed the song on the Jacksons' Destiny World Tour on the second leg. He performed the song on the Jacksons' Triumph Tour and Victory Tour. He performed the song on his solo tour the Bad World Tour. He also performed the song during the HIStory World Tour, as a part of the "Off the Wall" medley (also featuring "Off the Wall" and "Don't Stop Til' You Get Enough") in certain concerts. "Rock with You" was rehearsed for the Dangerous World Tour, but was not performed. Jackson also would have performed it for the This Is It concert series, but the shows were canceled, due to his sudden death.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Charles Foster Kane is a fictional character who is the subject of Orson Welles' 1941 film "Citizen Kane". Welles played Kane (receiving an Academy Award nomination), with Buddy Swan playing Kane as a child. Welles also produced, co-wrote and directed the film, winning an Oscar for writing the film.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: The general consensus is that publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst is the primary inspiration behind Charles Foster Kane.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: In the film, Kane is given the line "You provide the prose poems; I'll provide the war," undeniably similar to "You furnish the pictures, and I'll furnish the war," a quote widely attributed to Hearst. Also, an overhead shot of Hearst's ranch is shown in the film as Xanadu, the lavish estate where Kane resides.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: In addition, Kane's unsuccessful attempt to make his second wife an opera star parallels Hearst's effort to make his mistress Marion Davies a serious dramatic movie actress despite critics' complaints that she was miscast and better in light comedy roles. The connection with Hearst is strengthened by the fact that Welles's co-writer, Herman J. Mankiewicz, was a frequent guest of Davies at Hearst Castle.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Some biographies of Welles posit that Welles himself was a source of inspiration for the character. Some of the character's dialogue on how to run a newspaper are direct quotes from Welles's comments on how to make a motion picture (though this was his first). Mankiewicz included dialogue about Kane's voracious appetite, also a reference to Welles.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: In recent years, Kane has been compared unfavorably to contemporary media figures such as Sumner Murray Redstone, Rupert Murdoch, Ted Turner. and Elon Musk.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: "Citizen Kane" explores the life of the titular character. We are given an overview of his public career in the pastiche "News on the March" newsreel, with some parts then shown in more detail through the flashback recollections of those who knew him.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: 1862 or 1863. A supposedly worthless mine given to his mother in 1868—to settle a bill for room and board by Fred Graves — is discovered to be rich in gold, making the family suddenly fabulously wealthy. In 1871, in return for an annual income of $50,000, Kane's mother puts her son and the money under the guardianship of New York City banker Walter Parks Thatcher, who raises Kane in luxury. Kane resents Thatcher for ripping him away from his family, and spends most of his early adult life rebelling against him. He attends prestigious colleges such as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Cornell and a college in Switzerland—and gets himself expelled from all of them.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: At the age of 25 Kane acquires control of the money, the world's sixth-largest private fortune. He returns from a trip abroad to take control of the "New York Daily Inquirer", a struggling newspaper acquired on his behalf by Thatcher as a result of a foreclosure on a debt, thinking that "it would be fun to run a newspaper". He takes up full-time residence in the newspaper office (the sitting editor resigning in protest) and in the first edition publishes a "declaration of principles" stating his duty to be truthful to his readers and to campaign on behalf of the poor and underprivileged. His best friend Jedediah Leland - the "Enquirer"s drama critic - asks to keep the text of the declaration, feeling it might one day be an important document.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: To Thatcher's fury, Kane campaigns against slum landlords, "copper robbers" and "traction trusts" (monopoly control of railways) - including companies in which he himself is a major shareholder. To finance the fledgling "Inquirer", Kane uses his personal resources, reasoning that this would allow him to operate it, even at a million-dollar annual loss, for 60 years. Over a period of six years, Kane also hires staff members away from the rival "Chronicle" newspaper, regarding them as collectibles. However, he uses yellow journalism tactics to blow stories out of proportion and encourage a war with Spain in 1898.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Kane, whose party affiliation is never explicitly specified, is shown to be a supporter of Theodore Roosevelt, joining him on a whistle stop train tour. "One President at least" owes his election to the support of Kane's newspapers.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Kane eventually marries Emily Monroe Norton, the niece of a President of the United States. Their marriage takes place at the White House. The marriage sours because of Kane's egomania, obsession with his newspapers and attacks on her uncle's administration. Their marital problems reach the point that they are barely on speaking terms, with Kane ignoring Emily as she reads the rival "Chronicle" newspaper at breakfast.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: As his popularity increases, Kane, who regards himself and is widely seen as a future President, runs as a "fighting liberal" for Governor of New York in 1916, against corrupt boss James "Jim" W. Gettys. He addresses a packed rally at Madison Square Gardens, promising to have Gettys arrested and sent to prison. An election victory is almost certain until Gettys reveals evidence of Kane's affair with a young singer named Susan Alexander. Gettys blackmails Kane, meeting with him and his wife at Susan's apartment, but Kane refuses to drop out of the race despite Gettys' leverage. The scandal goes public and Kane loses the election decisively.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: The night of Kane's loss, a drunk and disillusioned Leland asks him for a transfer to the Chicago paper. He accuses Kane of treating "the working man" he claims to fight for as a possession, and says that, for all his talk of helping the less fortunate, the only person Kane really cares about is himself. Kane allows him to transfer to Chicago, effectively ending their friendship.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Emily divorces Kane shortly afterward, and dies two years later, along with their son, in a car accident.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Two weeks after his first divorce, Kane marries Susan in a small ceremony at the City Hall in Trenton, New Jersey. He forces her into a doomed and humiliating career as an opera singer, building an opera house in Chicago specially for her. Leland, now a drama critic for the "Chicago Inquirer", refuses to toe the company line by praising Alexander's performances. Leland becomes too drunk at the difficult task of writing a truthful review against Kane's wishes, and falls into a stupor. Kane visits the paper's newsroom and finishes the review with Leland's negative tone intact, intending to prove that he still has integrity; he then fires Leland. In retaliation, Leland refuses his severance package and mails back the torn-up check with the original copy of Kane's "declaration of principles", which Kane angrily destroys.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: After Susan attempts suicide, Kane releases her from her disastrous operatic career and spends most of his time at Xanadu, his gigantic Gothic chateau, full of "objets d'art" which he has acquired over the decades, and built on an artificial mountain on his vast estate in Florida. By 1925 Kane is being denounced as a "communist" by the aged Thatcher to a congressional committee, and in the same month as an enemy of the working man and a "fascist" by a speaker at a public rally in Union Square, Manhattan. He insists that he is simply "an American". The business downturns of the Great Depression—as well as Kane's excessive spending habits on the crumbling and unfinished Xanadu—forces him to downsize his media empire. He is also forced to hand over financial management of his businesses, although not operational control of his newspapers, to the aged Thatcher. Susan is unable to stand the monotonous routine inside the cavernous mansion and Kane's increasingly domineering nature, and eventually leaves him.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Kane continues to travel and meet with world leaders. He returns from an aeroplane trip to Europe in 1935, declaring that he has met with the leaders of "England, France, Germany and Italy" and that "there will be no war". He initially supports Adolf Hitler, with whom he appears on a balcony, but later denounces him. He also meets with but denounces Francisco Franco.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Kane eventually becomes a recluse at Xanadu, living alone and estranged from all his friends and no longer wielding much influence over politics. Most of his giant estate is now overgrown, with most of the animals gone from its zoos. He dies alone in his bedroom one night in 1941, after uttering his last word, "Rosebud."


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: The death of the "Great Yellow Journalist" is a national news event and is the lead story in many newspapers. His own "Inquirer" chain devotes the entire front page to him, praising him for his "lifetime of service" and stating that the "entire nation mourns". The rival "Chronicle" is less complimentary, recalling his "stormy career" and stating that "few … will mourn" him. The "Chicago Globe" also mentions his "stormy career" and denounces him as "US Fascist No 1"; the last two papers run unflattering photographs of him. The "Minneapolis Record Herald" praises him as the "Sponsor of Democracy", the "Detroit Star" as "Leader of [the] News World" and a "Man of Destiny", but the "El Paso Journal" accuses him of having "Instigated War for Profit". His death is also covered in the French, Japanese and Russian press.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Reporter Jerry Thompson is assigned to find out what "Rosebud" means. Despite interviewing all of Kane's living acquaintances, he never finds out what it is. After the reporters depart, his staff start burning in an incinerator those of his possessions which they see as trash. The viewer sees that the word "Rosebud" was written on the sled Kane's parents gave him as a young boy, and left behind at his mother's boarding house when he was sent away to live with Thatcher. It is implied earlier in the film that Kane found the sled in a warehouse, where he had been looking over his late mother's possessions, around the time he first met Susan.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Susan Alexander Kane (Dorothy Comingore) was Kane's second wife. She was twenty-one when they first met in the mid-1910s (Kane would have been at least fifty); she is evidently low class and is in charge of the sheet music at a shop. Kane was attracted to her because she liked him for himself, despite not knowing he was a public figure. Kane sets her up in a larger and more comfortable apartment with an African American maid, which Gettys describes as a "Love nest" to implicate her as Kane's mistress; the film does not make it clear whether or not she really was. However, a mere two weeks after his first wife divorced him in 1916, Kane married Susan.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Susan was an aspiring opera singer when she and Kane first met, but is not particularly talented. Despite this, Kane tried to force her into a career as an opera singer, even building an opera house specifically for her, in which she performs the leading role in a fictional opera "Salammbo". Her weak voice and poor acting attract the derision of the audience and of the stage hands. Kane's Xanadu estate was built at least in part to please her. Susan is the last of Kane's friends to leave him as well as the original owner of the snow globe he drops after saying "rosebud". As of 1941, she is still living, but is an alcoholic. Despite having "lost all her money" she is running a run-down nightclub ("El Rancho") in Atlantic City, which is where she is interviewed by Jerry Thompson.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Jedediah Leland (Joseph Cotten) was a close friend of Kane, having met him in college. According to Mr. Bernstein, he came from a wealthy family that lost all their money. He is generally acknowledged to represent the morality and idealism Kane himself loses as the film progresses. During Kane's campaign for Governor, he is seen addressing a small audience in the street shortly before Kane's speech. In disgust at Kane's throwing away of the election, he moves to Chicago to work as drama critic for the "Inquirer" in that city; by the time he writes his bad review of Susan Alexander's operatic debut, he and Kane have not spoken in a number of years. In 1941 Jedediah lives in a nursing home in Manhattan, where Jerry Thompson interviews him.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Walter Parks Thatcher (George Coulouris) is a New York banker. He becomes Kane's legal guardian in 1871. Kane resents him and, when he comes into control of his fortune in the late 1880s, uses the "Inquirer" to harass him. Thatcher, clearly getting on in years by the 1890s, initially regards Kane as mentally "still the college boy" and urges him to greater financial prudence. In a scene in the newsreel in 1925, Thatcher, described as the "grand old man of Wall Street", tells a congressional investigation that Kane is a Communist. Thatcher is still alive, presumably at least in his nineties, after the Crash of 1929, and takes control of Kane's failing business empire, although allowing Kane to retain "a considerable measure of control" over his newspapers and reassuring Kane that the Depression is merely temporary and that he might yet die richer than him. When Thatcher asks Kane what he would have liked to have been, Kane replies "Everything you hate". He is dead by 1941, his unpublished memoirs kept in a vault.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Mr. Bernstein (Everett Sloane) is a business executive and by 1941 is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Kane's business interests. Having served as Kane's personal assistant since at least when he took over the "Inquirer", Bernstein proved the most loyal to the man. He is on good enough terms to visit and leave a present for Kane's infant son, to Mrs Kane's irritation. Bernstein willingly participated in indulging Kane's obsession in his wife's operatic career even though it was ill-considered by everyone else. However, he has scruples such as advising his employer not to make promises he cannot keep in his Declaration of Principles.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: Apart from the "New York Inquirer", Kane publishes similar "Inquirer" newspapers in Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and other major American cities. The "News on the March" newsreel at the beginning of the film also states that Kane controls two newspaper syndicates and a radio network; it also mentions that Kane has other business interests in real estate, logging, shipping, and food retailing. However, Kane's empire largely collapses at the onset of the Great Depression, and he is forced to hand financial control of his remaining holdings (although not operational control of his newspapers) to Thatcher. Kane has enough wealth to build Chicago's opera house, as well as his unfinished mansion, Xanadu.


title: Charles Foster Kane

text: The mansion contains Kane's vast collection of classical sculptures and art, and the newsreel states that portions of Xanadu were taken from other famous palaces overseas.


title: ATP Tour 250

text: The ATP 250 tournaments (previously known as the "ATP World Tour 250" tournaments, "ATP International Series", and "ATP World Series") are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. As of 2020, the series includes 39 tournaments, with 250 ranking points awarded to each singles champion—which accounts for the name of the series. Draws consist of 28, 32, or 48 for singles and 16 for doubles. Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.


title: Cheget

text: Cheget () is a "nuclear briefcase" (named after in Kabardino-Balkaria) and a part of the automatic system for the command and control of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces (SNF) named Kazbek (, named after Mount Kazbek on the Georgia–Russia border). From when it was first developed, a "nuclear suitcase" has been available to the Russian head of state, Minister of Defense and the head of the General Staff.


title: Cheget

text: The "cheget" was developed during Yuri Andropov's administration in the early 1980s. The suitcase was put into service just as Mikhail Gorbachev took office as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985. It is connected to the special communications system code-named Kavkaz (, named after the local name for the Caucasus region), which "supports communication between senior government officials while they are making the decision whether to use nuclear weapons, and in its own turn is plugged into "Kazbek", which embraces all the individuals and agencies involved in command and control of the Strategic Nuclear Forces."


title: Cheget

text: The President of Russia (the Supreme Commander-in-Chief) has a "cheget" on hand at all times. It is one of three, with the other two held by the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff. It may be that affirmations from two of the three are needed to trigger an actual launch. The General Staff receives the signal and initiates the nuclear strike through the passing of authorization codes to missile silo launch complexes/ballistic missile submarines or by remotely launching individual land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)/submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).


title: Cheget

text: On 25 January 1995, in the Norwegian rocket incident, the cheget was activated in response to a misidentified Brant XII four-stage sounding rocket, launched by Norwegian and U.S. scientists; it was the only known time a nuclear briefcase has been activated in preparation for an attack.


title: Trent Boult

text: Trent Alexander Boult (born 22 July 1989) is a New Zealand international cricketer who plays as a bowler for Northern Districts in New Zealand's domestic cricket, and New Zealand internationally.


title: Trent Boult

text: He is a left-arm fast-medium bowler and a right-handed batsman, Boult made his Test debut for New Zealand in December 2011 and his One Day International debut the following July. He was the joint leading wicket taker at the 2015 Cricket World Cup. In November 2018, he became the third bowler for New Zealand to take a hat-trick in ODIs, while in June 2019, Boult became the first bowler for New Zealand to take a hat-trick in the Cricket World Cup.


title: Trent Boult

text: Boult was born in Rotorua in 1989. He grew up in Ōhope and Tauranga, and was educated at Otumoetai College. He is the younger brother of cricketer Jono Boult. Of Māori descent, Boult affiliates to the Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Porou and Ngāi Te Rangi iwi.


title: Trent Boult

text: Trent announced his engagement to partner Gert Smith in June 2016, and the couple married in August 2017 in a private ceremony at Kauri Bay Boomrock. They have three children


title: Trent Boult

text: In 2015, Boult was New Zealand's leading wicket taker at the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup. Following the tournament, Boult received a Maiden call-up into the Indian Premier League by the Sunrisers Hyderabad and he was purchased for $600,000.


title: Trent Boult

text: In February 2017, he was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders team for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 5 crores.


title: Trent Boult

text: In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Toronto Nationals franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament.


title: Trent Boult

text: Boult was traded by Delhi to the Mumbai Indians prior to the thirteenth season of the IPL. He played a critical role in Mumbai winning the 2020 IPL title. He was the man of the match in the final and was also named the player of the season. Boult claimed 25 wickets in that edition of the IPL and was the third highest wicket taker after Kagiso Rabada and Jasprit Bumrah. He also bowled 4 maiden overs, the most by any player in a single season of IPL.


title: Trent Boult

text: Boult accompanied the New Zealand A team on their winter training tour in 2007. On 9 February 2007, he took two wickets for 28 runs and scored seven not out against India's Under-19 team. He then travelled to Malaysia in February 2008 for the Under-19 World Cup.


title: Trent Boult

text: On 21 January 2009, Boult was selected for the New Zealand squad for the one-day series against Australia at just 19 years of age. Boult only managed to play in the warm up game against the Prime Minister's XI and went wicketless off seven overs. During the tour Boult was clocked as the fastest bowler touring with the New Zealand team with a highest speed of .


title: Trent Boult

text: Boult made his Test debut in the 2011–12 season, in the Second Test against Australia in Hobart, in a match won by New Zealand by 7 runs, New Zealand's first test win in Australia since 1985 and their first test win over Australia since 1993. He took four wickets in the match; additionally, he scored 21 runs in a tenth-wicket partnership with Chris Martin in the second innings.


title: Trent Boult

text: In 2012, Boult produced a string of strong performances with the ball against the West Indies, India and Sri Lanka to consolidate his position as Tim Southee's new ball partner. He carried this good form into 2013 when he took 19 wickets in 5 tests against England, including his best test match innings bowling figures of 6/68 at Eden Park in March.


title: Trent Boult

text: After suffering a side strain during New Zealand's final test match against England at Leeds, Boult returned to the New Zealand test side for a two test tour of Bangladesh. Boult struggled in the hot and dry conditions, taking just 3 wickets and frequently straying with his accuracy. However, when back in home conditions against the touring West Indies, Boult swiftly returned to his best. In the second test at the Basin Reserve Boult won man of the match award, after taking career best figures of 10 for 80 and completing a brilliant one-handed diving catch to his left to dismiss Dinesh Ramdin. In the first innings of the second test on the same venue against India, Boult made another one-handed diving right-handed catch to dismiss Ajinkya Rahane. He also had bowling figures of 4 for 146.


title: Trent Boult

text: In 2014 T20 series against West Indies, Boult's squad number switched from 8 to 18, a number previously worn by Mathew Sinclair.


title: Trent Boult

text: In Trans-Tasman trophy 2015–16 series, in Australia, in the third Test, the first ever day-night test in history, Boult became the first New Zealander and second overall after Josh Hazlewood, to take a five-wicket haul in a day-night test. However, Australia won the day-night match by 3 wickets. He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2015 World Cup by the ICC.


title: Trent Boult

text: In 2018, Boult produced his best figures in Test cricket, taking 6/32 in the First Test against England in Auckland. England were bowled out for 58 in their first innings and New Zealand went on to win the Test by an innings and 49 runs. New Zealand went on the win series 1–0; Boult finished with 15 wickets at an average of 18.33 and was named man of the series. At the NZC Annual Awards, he received the Men's Test Player of the Year and the Sir Richard Hadlee Medal for best International player of the year. In May that year, Boult was one of twenty players to be awarded a new contract for the 2018–19 season by New Zealand Cricket.


title: Trent Boult

text: In the fourth ODI of India's 2018–19 New Zealand tour, Boult claimed his fifth five-wicket haul, the joint-most for a New Zealand bowler alongside Richard Hadlee. He returned figures of 5/21 helping his team dismiss India for their lowest total in ODIs since 2010. New Zealand went on record one of their biggest wins and Boult was named man of the match.


title: Trent Boult

text: In April 2019, he was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. On 5 June 2019, in the match against Bangladesh, Boult took his 150th wicket in ODIs. On 29 June 2019, in the match against Australia, Boult took the second hat-trick of the World Cup. He was the first bowler for New Zealand to take a hat-trick at the Cricket World Cup. In August 2021, Boult was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. He helped his team reach the finals, taking 13 wickets for New Zealand, the highest for his team.


title: Trent Boult

text: In January 2022, in the second match against Bangladesh, Boult took his 300th wicket in Test cricket.


title: Trent Boult

text: Boult is a left-arm fast medium swing bowler who makes up for his relative lack of height with deceptive pace and the ability to swing the ball both ways. Boult's primary weapon is the inswinger to the right-hander. Perhaps unsurprisingly, his childhood cricketing hero was Wasim Akram. In 2013, in a radio interview, former New Zealand captain Jeremy Coney rated Boult as New Zealand's best bowling discovery since Shane Bond. He is also known to haul in one-handed catches with either hand, both in Basin Reserve. In 2014, he became the 4th test bowler since Richard Hadlee, Chris Martin and Iain O'Brien to claim 30+ wickets in consecutive years. He has developed a good opening bowling partnership with Tim Southee, having taken 46% of all wickets between them since 2013, especially since the retirement of Martin. In Tests, they are ably complemented by Neil Wagner's short left-arm seam deliveries. In August 2019, in the series against Sri Lanka, Boult became the third bowler for New Zealand to take 250 wickets in Test cricket.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Negrete was born in the city of Guanajuato and had two brothers and three sisters; his father was a Mexican Army Colonel who fought with the Revolutionary faction called Northern Division ("División del Norte"); however, around 1920, he quit his military career and moved with his family to Mexico City. There he found a job as a math teacher in several institutions, such as the German College "Alexander Von Humboldt"; there his sons David and Jorge studied until middle school, and as a result, they became fluent in the German language. Jorge learned other languages at the "Heroico Colegio Militar" (military academy of Mexico): English, French, and Italian. From an early age, Negrete demonstrated great brilliance and rapidly became a prominent student in the eyes of his teachers.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: At the age of thirteen, because of Negrete's misbehavior, his father decided to enroll him in the military. He graduated with the rank of sub-lieutenant from "El Colegio Militar." This was the place where his fascination for music developed. Not only did he develop an interest in music but his military training forged him a gallant presence and character which would later benefit him in his acting career. Negrete met and studied under José Pierson, a prestigious singing professor, who became fascinated the moment he heard Negrete sing. Pierson helped Negrete develop his talent for opera, and at the age of twenty Negrete began to sing for Radio XETR.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Negrete went to the United States and in 1932 recorded several operas using the stage-name Alberto Moreno. He collaborated with Xavier Cugat, earned bookings at Latin clubs, met his first wife (dancer Elisa Christy), and connected with cinematographer Ramón Peón, who cast Negrete in his first film, "La Madrina del Diablo" (1937) (English: "The Devil's Godmother"). He went on to make 37 other films.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: He had two marriages, both to famous actresses with whom he shared credits: Elisa Christy and María Félix. He also lived with his frequent co-star for more than ten years, Gloria Marín, who co-starred in 10 of his 44 films.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: He started his career singing on the radio in 1931 in Mexico City singing operatic parts. In 1936 he signed with NBC Television for a TV program with Cuban and Mexican musicians. He returned to Mexico in 1937 to act in the film "La Madrina Del Diablo" ("The Devil's Godmother") and because of the success of the film, he was able to sign for several more the next three years. In 1938 he starred in "La Valentina" with Elisa Christy and then in "Juntos Pero No Revueltos".


title: Jorge Negrete

text: After working in Havana and Hollywood, Negrete was called to act in "¡Ay, Jalisco, no te rajes!" ("Hey Jalisco, Don't Back Down!") which made him an international Latin star and helped formulate the "charro" film genre. During filming he met Gloria Marín, starting their romance and the string of films they filmed together. He complemented his film career by singing rancheras with the trio Los Tres Calaveras and touring Latin America, singing at concerts and making personal appearances. He was offered the main role in "El Peñón de las Ánimas" ("The Rock of Souls") and wanted Marín to be his co-star. In spite of his protests, newcomer María Félix became his star and eventually his wife, although they at first despised each other while filming.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Negrete visited Chile in 1946 where in part as result of the influence of Mexican cinema a local Mexican music scene was thriving.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Negrete was one of the founders, and the most important leaders, of the Mexican National Association of Actors (ANDA), succeeding Cantinflas as its chairman. In 1952, actress Leticia Palma became involved in the struggle between Cantinflas and Negrete over leadership of the union, with Palma campaigning actively for Cantinflas.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: On January 2, 1953, Palma was "rescued" by Major Manuel González, who helped her get a taxi to safety while she was being pursued by an angry mob. The mob was led by Negrete, who was after Palma for having stolen documents regarding her contract violations. Palma filed assault charges on Negrete.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Eight days later, ANDA held a special assembly to judge Palma. Cantinflas argued on her behalf, attempting to negotiate a settlement. Negrete would allow nothing less than her expulsion from the union, and Palma likewise refused to withdraw the charge of assault. Just before the vote, a number of actresses left the room in protest. The remaining members voted in favor of expulsion, thus ending Palma's film career.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: In 1953, during a business trip to Los Angeles, Negrete died of complications of hepatic cirrhosis, a disease that he suffered since 1937. According to his wishes, his body was flown back to Mexico and buried when he was 42 years old.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: He was the first to die of the "Tres Gallos Mexicanos", or "Three Mexican Roosters" (as he, Pedro Infante and Javier Solís, a younger star, were called; the three died within a span of 13 years).


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Thousands of fans attended his funeral and followed the hearse to the Panteón Jardín cemetery, where he was buried in the actors' corner. On December 5, the anniversary of his death, fans still pay tribute to "El Charro Cantor" ("Singing Cowboy") at his tomb, and television and radio stations stage marathons of his films and songs.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: The centennial of his birth was commemorated in 2011. Several tribute concerts and presentations took place throughout Mexico and some European countries with Hispanic culture and heritage.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Negrete's parents were Emilia Moreno Anaya and David Negrete Fernández. He descended from outstanding Mexican liberal military men, including Miguel Negrete, who participated in the Battle of Puebla. His siblings were named Consuelo, Emilia, Teresa, David and Rubén.


title: Jorge Negrete

text: Elisa Christy gave birth to his daughter Diana (his only child). Negrete has five grandchildren, Déborah, Diana, Rafael, Liliana, and Lorenzo. Rafael and Lorenzo are professional singers and use "Negrete" for their artistic name.


title: Târgoviște

text: Târgoviște (, alternatively spelled "Tîrgoviște"; ) is a city and county seat in Dâmbovița County, Romania. It is situated north-west of Bucharest, on the right bank of the Ialomița River.


title: Târgoviște

text: Târgoviște was one of the most important cities in the history of Wallachia, as it was its capital between the early 15th and 16th centuries. At the 2011 census, the city had a population of 79,610 people, making it the 26th largest in the country.


title: Târgoviște

text: The name "Târgoviște" is a Slavic name which the city acquired in the Middle Ages. It is derived from the old Slavonic word for "marketplace", referring to the place rather than the market itself.


title: Târgoviște

text: The name is found in placenames not only in South Slavic areas (Bulgarian Търговище, Serbian Трговиште and Croatian "Veliko Trgovišće"), but also in West Slavic such as Slovak "Trhovište" or Polish "Targowica". Additionally, places with the same name are found in Romania, in the regions of Oltenia, Banat, and Moldavia.


title: Târgoviște

text: The area of Târgoviște which was first inhabited is located where the Saint Nicholas-Geartoglu Church and Stelea Veche Church stand today. It was in this place that the first fortifications were built: a small stone building surrounded by a brick wall and a moat, probably belonging to a local ruler. However, archaeological evidence is scarce and it is difficult to pinpoint exactly when it was erected.


title: Târgoviște

text: Another nucleus of the city was built by Saxon colonists from Transylvania, in the area where the Catholic Saint Mary Church is located, a church that was built during the early years of the colony. A local tradition says that the church was built in 1300. The colonists came around the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, the same period that Câmpulung was colonized. There is archeological evidence that the land occupied by the new colonists had been previously inhabited by locals, which leads to the conclusion that it had been approved by the local ruler.


title: Târgoviște

text: The colonists influenced the local administration, as Târgoviște was the only town in Wallachia that had Transylvanian organization features, having official titles such as "birău" and "folnog", which are found in documents together with local officials, like "vornic" and "pristav". The town had a night watch which was also known by a Latin term ("viglu" < "vigilia") instead of the local terms such "pază" or "strajă". Under Mircea the Elder (1383–1419), Târgoviște became the third capital of Wallachia.


title: Târgoviște

text: After 1400, the town began to grow and become denser. In both the Saxon part (around the stronghold) and the Romanian part, there were several large dwellings with cellars and cocklestoves similar to those found in Central Europe. The wealth is also known based on the number of treasure troves discovered, the largest being a hoard of 6,284 silver coins, found in the Saxon part of the town. The town gravitated around the Saxon part, this being valid until the Saxon community began its decline during the 16th century.


title: Târgoviște

text: In the 15th century, the capital of Wallachia was Curtea de Argeș, however, due to Târgoviște's economic growth, toward the end of the century, it became a secondary residence of the Wallachian hospodar. In 1396, Bavarian traveler Johann Schiltberger mentions both Curtea de Argeș and Târgoviște as capitals of Wallachia. While Mircea I lived in Curtea de Argeș, Michael I, Mircea's son and co-prince lived in Târgoviște, where he continued to live even as a single ruler. Dan II preferred Curtea de Argeș and he was the last hospodar to rule from that city, the court being finally moved to Târgoviște by Alexandru Aldea in 1431.


title: Târgoviște

text: Throughout the period it was the capital of Wallachia, the ("Curtea Domnească din Târgoviște") had been constantly refurbished and extended. The compound was surrounded by stone walls and a moat and a new church and a tower had been built. Vlad III Dracula ("the Impaler") later added the Chindia Tower, now a symbol of the city.


title: Târgoviște

text: Starting with 1565, for the next two centuries, the rulers alternated the capital between Târgoviște and Bucharest, often on political reasons, as the former was preferred by the rulers who were more friendly toward Transylvania and the King of Hungary. Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, Târgoviște was a major trade hub, especially with Poland, Brașov, and Sibiu.


title: Târgoviște

text: By the 16th century, the Romanians became majority in the city, as some Saxons left for Transylvania and others were assimilated. Greek merchants began to settle in the city, especially after 1500, while Greek monks settled in the nearby Dealu and Panaghia monasteries.


title: Târgoviște

text: As the capital of Wallachia, Târgoviște faced numerous sieges and invasions. In 1395, it was sieged and set on fire by Bayezid I. In 1457, the townsfolk of Târgoviște were punished by Vlad III Dracula for their involvement in the assassination of his brother: the elite of city was killed, while the young people were sent to work at his Poenari Castle.


title: Târgoviște

text: The Ottoman invasion of 1462 did not reach the city, being prevented by Vlad III through The Night Attack. In 1476, the city was taken by Stephen V Báthory following a fifteen-day siege intended to restore Vlad to the throne. Several other battles were fought near the city during the rules of Neagoe Basarab and Radu of Afumați.


title: Târgoviște

text: In 1597, the Hajduks of Mihai Viteazul and Starina Novak fought and won a decisive battle against the Ottoman Empire in Târgoviște.


title: Târgoviște

text: After the capital was finally moved to Bucharest during the rule of Constantin Brâncoveanu (1688–1714), Târgoviște lost its importance, decaying economically as its population decreased.


title: Târgoviște

text: Târgoviște was the site of the trial and execution of Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena on 25 December 1989 during the Romanian Revolution.


title: Târgoviște

text: In 2011, there were 79,610 inhabitants. According to the 2002 census, 96.6% of the inhabitants were Romanians and 2.84% Roma people.


title: Târgoviște

text: Târgoviște is a railway node, with branches serving Titu (joining there the Ploiești and Pietroșița lines).


title: Târgoviște

text: The railway station is open for both passenger traffic - with sales/reservation office and electronic ticketing machine - and merchandise traffic. Local halts serves the large industrial operators of the city - Mechel, , , Erdemir, , .


title: Târgoviște

text: Located at a crossroads of ancient trade routes, the city can be easily approached from all sides. Târgoviște Municipality is located approximatively north-west of Bucharest, with a convenient access to Henri Coandă International Airport, located in Otopeni, to the north of Bucharest.


title: Târgoviște

text: In the city, public transport is provided by Public Transport and include bus and maxi-taxi. From 1995 until 2005, trolleybuses operated in the city. In 2005 public transport was developed and modernized, Public Transport becoming a passenger transport company in public-private partnership.


title: Târgoviște

text: The city has one football club, FC Chindia Târgoviște which plays in the first tier of Romanian football, the Liga I.


title: Târgoviște

text: Târgovişte is also home to Municipal MCM Târgovişte basketball club which competes in the Romanian League and the EuroCup.


title: Bézout's identity

text: In mathematics, Bézout's identity (also called Bézout's lemma), named after Étienne Bézout, is the following theorem:


title: Bézout's identity

text: Here the greatest common divisor of and is taken to be . The integers and are called Bézout coefficients for ; they are not unique. A pair of Bézout coefficients can be computed by the extended Euclidean algorithm, and this pair is, in the case of integers one of the two pairs such that formula_1 and formula_2 equality occurs only if one of and is a multiple of the other.


title: Bézout's identity

text: As an example, the greatest common divisor of 15 and 69 is 3, and 3 can be written as a combination of 15 and 69 as with Bézout coefficients −9 and 2.


title: Bézout's identity

text: Many other theorems in elementary number theory, such as Euclid's lemma or the Chinese remainder theorem, result from Bézout's identity.


title: Bézout's identity

text: A Bézout domain is an integral domain in which Bézout's identity holds. In particular, Bézout's identity holds in principal ideal domains. Every theorem that results from Bézout's identity is thus true in all principal ideal domains.


title: Bézout's identity

text: If and are not both zero and one pair of Bézout coefficients has been computed (for example, using the extended Euclidean algorithm), all pairs can be represented in the form


title: Bézout's identity

text: where is an arbitrary integer, is the greatest common divisor of and , and the fractions simplify to integers.


title: Bézout's identity

text: This relies on a property of Euclidean division: given two non-zero integers and , if does not divide , there is exactly one pair such that formula_5 and formula_6 and another one such that formula_5 and formula_8


title: Bézout's identity

text: The two pairs of small Bézout's coefficients are obtained from the given one by choosing for in the above formula either of the two integers next to formula_9.


title: Bézout's identity

text: Let and , then . Then the following Bézout's identities are had, with the Bézout coefficients written in red for the minimal pairs and in blue for the other ones.


title: Bézout's identity

text: If formula_11 is the original pair of Bézout coefficients, then formula_12 yields the minimal pairs via , respectively ; that is, , and .


title: Bézout's identity

text: Given any nonzero integers and , let formula_13 The set is nonempty since it contains either or (with formula_14 and formula_15). Since is a nonempty set of positive integers, it has a minimum element formula_16, by the well-ordering principle. To prove that is the greatest common divisor of and , it must be proven that is a common divisor of and , and that for any other common divisor , one has formula_17