text: On August 7, 2007, Representatives Sheldon Wasserman (D), David Cullen (D), John Townsend (R), Mike Sheridan (D), Alvin Ott (R), Jake Hines (R), and Terese Berceau (D) introduced Assembly Bill 477 to the Wisconsin State Legislature. If passed, this bill would prohibit manufacturing, distributing, or delivering the active chemical ingredient in the plant "Salvia divinorum" (salvinorin A) with the intent that it be consumed by a person.


title: Legal status of Salvia divinorum in the United States

text: Assembly Bill 186, created in April 2009, passed through three votes and as of February 17, 2010, returned to the Assembly successfully. A summary of the bill: AB 186 was signed into law by Wisconsin governor Jim Doyle on March 3, 2010.


text: On February 13, 2006, Representative Stephen Watt (R) proposed adding "Salvia divinorum" to Wyoming's list of Schedule I controlled substances (House Bill 0049). The bill died without coming up for a vote.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The third season of "Rick and Morty", an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with "The Rickshank Rickdemption", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes but it originally was supposed to fourteen episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left off, as the show continues to follow the adventures of the members of the Smith household. When Jerry asks Beth to choose between him and Rick, the strength of their marriage is tested. Jerry is confronted with the loss of his family, while Beth begins to discover her independence again. Morty and Summer deal with their parents' separation by seeking more control over their lives. Rick's nihilistic way of life continues to prevent him from bonding with his family, as he remains unable to change his self-destructive behavior.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The third season of "Rick and Morty" delivered the highest ratings in Adult Swim's history and was the top-rated comedy among millennials on television. The season received largely positive reviews, with many critics highlighting its focus on character development. The season has also received a number of awards and nominations, including the win of a Critics' Choice Award for Best Animated Series, and the show's first Emmy Award which it won for the third-season's standout episode "Pickle Rick", in the category for Outstanding Animated Program.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Dan Harmon, Brandon Johnson, Tom Kenny, Maurice LaMarche, Nolan North, Cassie Steele, Kari Wahlgren, Laura Bailey, John DiMaggio, Ryan Ridley, Scott Chernoff, Dan Benson, Clancy Brown, Echo Kellum, Melique Berger, William Holmes, Tara Strong, Jeff B. Davis, Jonas Briedis, Phil Hendrie, Rob Paulsen, Alex Jayne Go, Jennifer Hale and Mariana Wise.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Adult Swim renewed "Rick and Morty" for a third season on August 12, 2015, shortly after a successful second-season premiere. Talking about the renewal, the two co-creators and executive producers expressed their delight at the series' popularity. Dan Harmon stated that it is "an honor to see "Rick and Morty" join the exclusive club of shows with over nineteen episodes", and Justin Roiland added "I am blown away by the seemingly instant success of "Rick and Morty". I look forward to continuing their adventures!"


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: In an October 2015 interview with "The Hollywood Reporter", Roiland revealed that the team had received a lot of scripts from female writers for the upcoming season, which had never happened before. He stated that "We've gone from having zero spec scripts [in the running from female] candidates, to having five or six of them, so it's looking very likely that season three will have one, potentially two gals in the room." Eventually, four female writers were added to the staff, and—counting out the co-creators of the show, Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon—the writing room for the third season was gender-balanced.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The writing staff consisted of eleven writers, who collectively wrote and repeatedly rewrote each episode. Harmon noted that the writers' ideas were blended and refined during the writing process, and that the name of the writer that appeared in the opening credits of an episode is usually that of the person who had been assigned to prepare the episode's outline. Sarah Carbiener, one of the new female writers, said that she managed to learn many things from her experience as a member of the writing team. She explained that a story that for other shows would have been an entire episode, for "Rick and Morty" it will be only its first few minutes. Therefore, the team had to write a large amount of story in a very short time.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Writing began on November 2, 2015, and the first episode was recorded on February 18, 2016. In July 2016, already behind on schedule, the production team admitted that the success of the series had increased pressure to meet the expectations of the viewers. The creative freedom provided by Adult Swim entailed taking responsibility for product quality, and as the bar had risen higher, work had become harder, improvements were constantly being sought, and this often resulted in delays. Harmon told the assembled press at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con that "it’s not an endless perfectionism because you know when something finally clicks and you go 'this is a good episode of TV.'" He added that the animators had to suffer the worst part of the schedule delays, as they were forced to work weekends in order to cope with the demanding workload.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: In September 2016, the writing team had finished writing new episodes and they were waiting on their return from Bardel Entertainment, "Rick and Morty"s Canadian animation studio, for in-house screenings. After the animatics (video recorded versions of a hand-drawn storyboard with very limited motion) for each episode were made, and the production team was able to pre-visualize the animation, additional passes on the scripts would follow. In an interview with "The Detroit Cast", writer Ryan Ridley revealed that the writing process for the third season was completed in November 2016, and noted that a season of "Rick and Morty" takes a long time to write and animate.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: In February 2017, Harmon announced on his podcast, "Harmontown", that the season was in the animation process, after a long period of writing. Around the same time, Bardel Entertainment's production supervisor Mark Van Ee confirmed that "everything is on track." In June 2017, when production of the season had been completed, Harmon wrote a series of posts on Twitter, where he refuted reports about his disagreements with Roiland being the main cause of the delay, and explained that the writing process took longer than expected to complete because of his perfectionism. As a result, the third season of "Rick and Morty" consisted of only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The third season of "Rick and Morty" originally aired Sundays at 11:30 p.m EST. on Adult Swim, the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of Cartoon Network. The network offered free livestreams for the first two episodes of the season, with the remaining episodes requiring a cable subscription to watch the show live as it aired. Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of "Rick and Morty" available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The episodes were made available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries outside the United States, one week after their original airdate. The season was added to Hulu on June 23, 2018, with the expansion following a similar timeline with that of the two previous seasons for the streaming service. Uncensored versions of the season are also available to purchase on various digital distribution platforms, including iTunes, Amazon and Microsoft Store. The digital release includes commentaries on every episode, and seven more short videos featuring co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 15, 2018, with special features including exclusive commentary and animatics for every episode, the origins of "Rick and Morty", "inside the episode" material and an exclusive "inside the recording booth" session. "Game of Thrones" star Peter Dinklage and showrunners David Benioff and D. B. Weiss recorded audio commentary for the episode "Pickle Rick". Other guest commentaries include Marilyn Manson, Courtney Love, Russell Brand, and the winner of a crowdfunding campaign launched by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon to support Planned Parenthood. In his Blu-ray review for "Forbes", Luke Y. Thompson describes the release as "a thorough set that seems to have covered all the angles, and will provide hours of fun to even those fans who've watched every episode multiple times already."


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The season has an approval rating of 96% from Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews, and an average rating of 8.95 out of 10, with the site's consensus: ""Rick and Morty" dives into new and even kookier cosmic dilemmas in a third season that interrogates familial bonds, love, and nihilismtreating all existential topics to the series' trademark serrated wit."


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Jesse Schedeen of "IGN" described the third season of the show as darker and more unpredictable than the first two, and praised its high-concept storytelling and character development. Schedeen gave the season an 8.8 out of 10 rating, saying that it "didn't quite reach the heights of Season 2, but it is the series' most consistently entertaining and ambitious season yet". Holding a similar position, Corey Plante of "Inverse" said that "Rick and Morty" managed to be both dark and funny in its third season.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Zack Handlen of "The A.V. Club" agreed that this was the darkest season of "Rick and Morty", though he noted that the viewers have become desensitized to the show's violence. "In previous seasons, the show managed a balance between self-mockery and honest joy in absurd scenarios. That joy is still there, more or less, but there’s a bitterness to it that’s harder and harder to ignore." Mike Cosimano of "Comics Gaming Magazine" did not think that the third season was dark; he said that it used "cheap gut punches to elicit that very reaction". He added that too many of the season's episodes were weak, since the show focuses on character development only in its first half, resulting in an uneven season. He considered the season to be a disappointment, rating it 6.5 out of 10.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Kayla Cobb of "Decider" focused on the dynamism displayed by Beth and Summer, as the characters broke the stereotypical conventions of the first two seasons. Cobb stated that "Season 3 is the first time "Rick and Morty" really to its leading ladies, and it was a horrifying delight." Julia Alexander of "Polygon" highlighted the philosophical conflict between nihilist realism and life in ignorant bliss as the season's main theme, and noted that "after an introspective season built on the importance of self-realization and reflection, "Rick and Morty" third year ended on a total reset," with Beth and the kids reuniting with Jerry in the season-finale, as they seek comfort through escapism and ignore the realities of their lives. Zack Handlen considered Jerry's return to be an anticlimax and "a necessary corrective to an arc that was in danger of going off the rails completely". Handlen appeared skeptical about Beth's statement in the final episode, that from this point things will be like season one again, saying that "the problem with going as far as season three went is that bridges stay burned."


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: "Rick and Morty" completed its third season with overall viewership numbers increased by 81% over the previous season, and delivered the highest ratings in Adult Swim's history. "Rick and Morty" was the most popular television comedy within the 18–24 and 18–34 age ranges in the United States, based on "Live+7" ratings data spanning from December 2016 to September 2017. This rating system tracks live viewership plus streaming and on-demand viewing over an initial week-long period, and provides a more accurate picture of delayed viewing as compared to "Live+Same Day" ratings. Considering that episodes of the third season originally aired at 11:30 p.m. on Sundays, it is very likely that people would have watched them on-demand the next day or several days later.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Christina Miller, the president of Adult Swim, told "Fortune" that "Rick and Morty" "goes beyond just appealing to millennials," as numbers suggest that people of all ages are watching the show. The second episode of the season, which aired nearly four months after the unannounced premiere, was the season's most-watched episode with 2.86 million viewers, and the second-best on cable for the day it aired in adults 18–49, behind the weekly episode of "Game of Thrones". The season finale was watched by 2.6 million live plus same day viewers and it was the most-watched telecast across all age groups.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: In an interview with "The Hollywood Reporter", female writers Jane Becker, Sarah Carbiener and Jessica Gao addressed negative comments regarding their involvement in writing the third season of "Rick and Morty", recalling a post on Reddit that called them "the social justice warriors that Dan had to hire". Gao stated: Following the release of "Pickle Rick", one of the season's best-rated episodes, a number of fans participated in an online harassment campaign that targeted female writers of the show—especially Jane Becker and Jessica Gao—as they felt that they were "ruining the show" for them. Said writers received rape and death threats on Twitter, and had their personal information put online. In an interview with "Entertainment Weekly", Dan Harmon confronted the trolls, saying:


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: The Szechuan sauce reference in the season premiere brought huge online attention for McDonald's discontinued promotional product. Internet memes spread rapidly on Reddit and Twitter, more than 40,000 people signed a petition at Change.org, asking for the return of the sauce, while an eBay auction resulted in a 20-year-old packet of this teriyaki sauce being sold for $14,700. On October 7, 2017, McDonald's served limited quantities of the sauce, without explicitly naming "Rick and Morty" as a reason for the return. Many fans waited for hours in long queues, but not all of them were served as the fast-food outlets ran out of the product. The fiasco prompted enraged reactions by disappointed fans, with some of them acting out and mistreating the company's workers.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: In the wake of these events, the "Rick and Morty" fanbase received a bad reputation, with James Grebey of "Inverse" noting: Cameron Williams of "Junkee" attributed this "toxic behavior" to the rise of an aggressive type of entitled fan in the past decades, and examined the motivation of these people, noting: Emily Gaudette of "Newsweek" said that, with the spike in popularity, the show has obtained an army of online devotees, and commented on groups like the self-described "Real Ricks", who identify themselves with the series' main character and believe that high intellect is an excuse for mistreating others. Gaudette noted that these groups do not represent the "Rick and Morty" fanbase, but they "tend to suck all the oxygen out of the virtual room." Series co-creator Justin Roiland said on his Twitter account that he sees more good than bad in the series' fanbase, and chooses to focus on that.


title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: "Rick and Morty" received a total of eight nominations for its third season in 2017 and 2018, of which it won an IGN Award and a Critics' Choice Television Award, both in the categories for "Best Animated Series". Furthermore, the episode "Pickle Rick" received three nominations, of which it won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program" and an Annie Award for "Best General Audience Animated Television/Broadcast Production". With two nominations, "The Ricklantis Mixup" was another awarded episode of the season, that won its writers Ryan Ridley and Dan Guterman an Annie Award for "Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production". Justin Roiland won an IGN Award for "Best Comedic TV Performance", while Christian Slater was nominated for a BTVA Voice Acting Award for his performance in "Vindicators 3: The Return of Worldender".


title: Kill chain

text: The term kill chain is a military concept which identifies the structure of an attack. It consists of:


title: Kill chain

text: Conversely, the idea of "breaking" an opponent's kill chain is a method of defense or preemptive action.


title: Kill chain

text: This is an integrated, end-to-end process described as a "chain" because an interruption at any stage can interrupt the entire process.


title: Kill chain

text: The "Five Fs" is a military term described by Maj. Mike "Pako" Benitez, an F-15E Strike Eagle Weapons Systems Officer who served in the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps.


title: Kill chain

text: Designed to update the Kill Chain to reflect updated, autonomous and semi-autonomous weapon systems, the "Five Fs" are described in "It's About Time: The Pressing Need to Evolve the Kill Chain" as follows:


title: Kill chain

text: A new American military contingency plan called "Kill Chain" is reportedly the first step in a new strategy to use satellite imagery to identify North Korean launch sites, nuclear facilities and manufacturing capability and destroy them pre-emptively if a conflict seems imminent. The plan was mentioned in a joint statement by the United States and South Korea.


title: Kill chain

text: More recently, Lockheed Martin adapted this concept to information security, using it as a method for modeling intrusions on a computer network. The cyber kill chain model has seen some adoption in the information security community. However, acceptance is not universal, with critics pointing to what they believe are fundamental flaws in the model.


title: Kill chain

text: Computer scientists at Lockheed-Martin corporation described a new "intrusion kill chain" framework or model to defend computer networks in 2011. They wrote that attacks may occur in phases and can be disrupted through controls established at each phase. Since then, the "cyber kill chain" has been adopted by data security organizations to define phases of cyberattacks.


title: Kill chain

text: A cyber kill chain reveals the phases of a cyberattack: from early reconnaissance to the goal of data exfiltration. The kill chain can also be used as a management tool to help continuously improve network defense. According to Lockheed Martin, threats must progress through several phases in the model, including:


title: Kill chain

text: A U.S. Senate investigation of the 2013 Target Corporation data breach included analysis based on the Lockheed-Martin kill chain framework. It identified several stages where controls did not prevent or detect progression of the attack.


title: Kill chain

text: Different organizations have constructed their own kill chains to try to model different threats. FireEye proposes a linear model similar to Lockheed-Martin's. In FireEye's kill chain the persistence of threats is emphasized. This model stresses that a threat does not end after one cycle.


title: Kill chain

text: Among the critiques of Lockheed Martin's cyber kill chain model as threat assessment and prevention tool is that the first phases happen outside the defended network, making it difficult to identify or defend against actions in these phases. Similarly, this methodology is said to reinforce traditional perimeter-based and malware-prevention based defensive strategies. Others have noted that the traditional cyber kill chain isn't suitable to model the insider threat. This is particularly troublesome given the likelihood of successful attacks that breach the internal network perimeter, which is why organizations "need to develop a strategy for dealing with attackers inside the firewall. They need to think of every attacker as [a] potential insider".


title: Kill chain

text: The Unified Kill Chain was developed in 2017 by Paul Pols in collaboration with Fox-IT and Leiden University to overcome common critiques against the traditional cyber kill chain, by uniting and extending Lockheed Martin's kill chain and MITRE's ATT&CK framework. The unified version of the kill chain is an ordered arrangement of 18 unique attack phases that may occur in end-to-end cyberattack, which covers activities that occur outside and within the defended network. As such, the unified kill chain improves over the scope limitations of the traditional kill chain and the time-agnostic nature of tactics in MITRE's ATT&CK. The unified model can be used to analyze, compare, and defend against end-to-end cyber attacks by advanced persistent threats (APTs). A subsequent whitepaper on the unified kill chain was published in 2021.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: La Vie (Zervos I 179) is a 1903 oil painting by Pablo Picasso. It is widely regarded as the pinnacle of Picasso's Blue Period.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: "La Vie" ("The Life") was painted in Barcelona in May 1903. It is and portrays two pairs of people, a naked couple confronting a mother bearing a child in her arms. In the background of the room, apparently a studio, there are two paintings within the painting, the upper one showing a crouching and embracing nude couple, the lower one showing a lonesome crouching nude person very similar to "Sorrow" by Vincent van Gogh. With this Picasso repainted another motif, a birdsman who attacks a reclining naked woman, traces of which are visible to the naked eye. Preparatory studies are: Private collection, Zervos XXII 44; Paris, Musée Picasso, MPP 473; Barcelona, Museu Picasso, MPB 101.507; Barcelona, Museu Picasso, MPB 101.508.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: It was painted at a time when Picasso was having no financial success. In contrast, the new painting sold only a month after it was finished, to a French art dealer, Jean Saint Gaudens. The sale was reported in the Barcelona newspaper, "Liberal". With "La Vie" Picasso repainted the canvas of "The derniers Moments" from 1899, a painting that he had presented at the Paris International Exhibition 1900.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: The painting was given by the Hanna fund to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio in 1945 and is in their permanent collection.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: In 2020, the painting was loaned to the Royal Academy of Arts in London as part of the 'Picasso and Paper' exhibition, where it was displayed with preparatory drawings and other works on paper exploring corresponding themes of poverty, despair and social alienation.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: The interpretation of the enigmatic composition has been the subject of much discussion. The male figure clearly shows the portrait of Picasso's friend, the painter Carlos Casagemas, who had committed suicide not a long time before Picasso created "La Vie". X-ray photographs show that Picasso first executed a self-portrait that he later replaced by the portrait of his friend. This fact and the circumstance that the confrontation of the two groups happens within a studio makes it verisimilar that self-reflective questions of the young artist are addressed in "La Vie". The crucial point indeed, scholars agree, seems to be the enigmatic gesture in the center of the composition.


title: La Vie (painting)

text: In 2003 Becht-Jördens and Wehmeier recognized the well known painting "Noli me tangere", a masterpiece by Antonio da Correggio in the Museo del Prado, as the possible source for this gesture and proposed an interpretation situated on two levels. The first, a biographical one that concerns the dyadic mother and child relationship and "the mental trauma and feelings of guilt that result from the inevitable conflicts" caused by detachment, and the second, a self-referential one about the Messianic mission of the modern artist in the sense of Friedrich Nietzsche, "his role in the world, and [...] the very essence of art". The two levels of interpretation are "interconnected by the significant role played by Picasso’s mother", who protected and adored her baby thus establishing some kind of cult of the divine child and by admiring her son and his first attempts "encouraged him to follow his way and reinforced him in his self-perception as a genius". The mother therefore can be seen as the representative of the artist‘s "first audience, fascinated by his early mastership of academic art." But to get an independent personality, and to fulfill his mission as a modern artist, for Picasso the detachment of both the mother and the incomprehending part of his audience that rejected his turn to modern art is needed. "As an answer to his confrontation with these difficulties, Picasso using further elements taken from the tradition of Christian art, for example the last supper, the resurrection, the veiled hands, presents himself both as Creator of a new art and its Messiah, who has come to comfort the suffering and redeem the world as a new Saviour, as a teacher of a new kind of seeing that frees from reality constraint. Thus, "La Vie" can be understood both as an answer to autobiographical experiences of the young Picasso and as a self-referential comment on his role as an artist and as an annotation on his fundamentally new art."


title: Saint Veronica

text: Saint Veronica, also known as Berenike, was a woman from Jerusalem who lived in the 1st century AD, according to extra-biblical Christian sacred tradition. A celebrated saint in many pious Christian countries, the 17th-century "Acta Sanctorum" published by the Bollandists listed her feast under July 12, but the German Jesuit scholar Joseph Braun cited her commemoration in "Festi Marianni" on 13 January.


title: Saint Veronica

text: According to Church tradition, Veronica was moved with sympathy seeing Jesus carrying the cross to Calvary and gave him her veil so that he could wipe his forehead. Jesus accepted the offer, and when he returned the veil the image of his face was miraculously captured on it. The resulting relic became known as the Veil of Veronica.


title: Saint Veronica

text: The story of Veronica is celebrated in the sixth Station of the Cross in many Anglican, Catholic, and Western Orthodox churches.


title: Saint Veronica

text: There is no reference to the story of Veronica and her veil in the canonical gospels. The closest is the miracle of the unnamed woman who was healed by touching the hem of Jesus’s garment (). The apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus gives her name as Berenikē or Beronike (). The name Veronica is a Latinisation of this ancient Macedonian name. The story was later elaborated in the 11th century by adding that Christ gave her a portrait of himself on a cloth, with which she later cured the Emperor Tiberius. The linking of this with the bearing of the cross in the Passion occurs only around 1380 in the internationally popular book "Meditations on the life of Christ".


title: Saint Veronica

text: At some point a relic became associated with the story. Pedro Tafur, a Spanish knight visiting Rome in 1436, describes the following in the Church of St. Peter in his 1454 travel account:


title: Saint Veronica

text: Some academic sources suggest a different origin for the legend of St. Veronica: that the cloth bearing an image of Jesus's face was known in Latin as the "vera icon" ("true image"), and that this name for the relic was misinterpreted as the name of a saint. The "Catholic Encyclopedia" of 1913 writes:


title: Saint Veronica

text: The reference to Abgar is related to a similar legend in the Eastern Church, the Image of Edessa or Mandylion.


title: Saint Veronica

text: Veronica was mentioned in the reported visions of Jesus by Marie of St Peter, a Carmelite nun who lived in Tours, France, and started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus. In 1844, Sister Marie reported that in a vision, she saw Veronica wiping away the spit and mud from the face of Jesus with her veil on the way to Calvary. She said that sacrilegious and blasphemous acts today are adding to the spit and mud that Veronica wiped away that day. According to Marie of St Peter, in her visions, Jesus told her that he desired devotion to His Holy Face in reparation for sacrilege and blasphemy. Acts of Reparation to Jesus Christ are thus compared to Veronica wiping the face of Jesus.


title: Saint Veronica

text: The Devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus was eventually approved by Pope Leo XIII in 1885. Veronica is commemorated on 12 July.


title: Saint Veronica

text: Saint Veronica is the patron of the French mulquiniers whose representations they celebrated biannually (summer and winter) as in many pious Christian countries. She is also the patron saint of photographers, and laundry workers.


title: Saint Veronica

text: In Volume 5 of her work, "The Poem of the Man-God", Italian writer and alleged mystic Maria Valtorta depicts Veronica as Nike, who offered the linen cloth to Christ. It is also stated earlier in the same volume that "The one we call Veronica and whom Jesus called Nike..." suggesting that Nike has been mistakenly referred to as Veronica throughout history.


title: Saint Veronica

text: Selma Lagerlöf in Christ Legends expands the legend by making Veronica a former servant of the Roman emperor Tiberius, named Faustina, who travels to Jerusalem in search of the Prophet of Nazareth, after learning that he once cured a young woman of leprosy. She travels on behalf of Tiberius, now himself stricken, hoping to bring him a cure and redemption from his evil ways. Faustina arrives on the day of the Crucifixion, and the rest is legend.


title: Saint Veronica

text: Mel Gibson's film "The Passion of the Christ" (2004) included an episode of Veronica wiping Jesus's face, although she is not referred to by name in the film (she is credited in the film as Seraphia). Anne Catherine Emmerich, one of the inspirational sources to the cited movie, depicts a long description of the Veronica episode and she identifies the true name of Veronica also as Seraphia.


title: Saint Veronica

text: The most common pass with the cape in bullfighting is called a "verónica", as the "torero" holds the cape in the same way as Veronica is usually depicted holding the cloth.


title: Saint Veronica

text: The song "Climb" by Tori Amos on her 2017 album "Native Invader" contains repeated references to Veronica.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: He is the creator of three best-selling children's series; "Pig the Pug" – a picture book series about a rude, selfish, mean-spirited little dog, "The Bad Guys" – a New York Times #1 bestselling graphic novel series for junior readers about a gang of scary-looking animals trying to change their bad reputations and "Thelma the Unicorn" – a second picture book series about a plain little pony who pretends to be a unicorn.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: As of December 2022, Blabey has around 35 million books in print and his books have spent over 120 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List. "The Bad Guys" first reached #1 on the list on July 3 2019.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: On April 22, 2022, an animated movie adaptation of "The Bad Guys" from DreamWorks Animation starring Sam Rockwell, Awkwafina, Marc Maron, Craig Robinson and Anthony Ramos premiered in the United States. Blabey served as an executive producer on the movie with Patrick Hughes and Etan Cohen. The movie opened at #1 at the U.S Box Office and was the second-highest-grossing animated film of 2022.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: In May 2019, it was announced that Netflix are developing a movie-musical adaptation of "Thelma the Unicorn" with Blabey again serving as executive producer.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Until 2005, Blabey was also an actor. In the field of acting, he is probably best known for his lead roles in two television dramedies, 1994's "The Damnation of Harvey McHugh", for which he won an Australian Film Institute Award, and 2003's "CrashBurn", before retiring from performance in 2005.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Aaron Blabey was born on January 1, 1974, in Bendigo, Australia. He married the actress and speech pathologist Kirstie Hutton in April 2000. The couple separated amicably in May 2022. They have two sons.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Blabey appeared in various television and film roles throughout the 1990s and 2000s and took part in several theatrical productions.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Besides his 1994 award for acting in a lead role, the Australian Film Institute also nominated him in 2000 for his guest-starring role in the series "Stingers".


title: Aaron Blabey

text: From the mid-2000s, Blabey turned his attention away from acting and towards painting and created six separate solo exhibitions across Australia between 2004 and 2006.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Then in 2006, Blabey turned his focus entirely to the creation of children's picture books. The first of these, "Pearl Barley and Charlie Parsley", was published in July 2007. In 2008, the book received a Children's Book Council of Australia Award in the council's category. The book was also shortlisted for the CBCA's Crichton Award (given to new illustrators), The NSW Premier's Literature Awards – The Patricia Wrightson Award, and the Children's Peace Literature Award. In 2008, the book was also included on the Notable Book list from the Smithsonian Institution.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: His second book, "Sunday Chutney", was published in 2008 and shortlisted for the CBCA 2009 and the Australian Book Industry Awards 2009.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: His third book, "Stanley Paste", was a CBCA Notable Book in the Picture Book category in 2010 as was "The Ghost of Miss Annabel Spoon" in 2012, which was also selected as a prestigious White Raven of 2012 by the International Youth Library in Munich, Germany. "The Ghost of Miss Annabel Spoon" also won the Patricia Wrightson Award in 2013 New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards and the 2013 Children's Peace Literature Award. In early 2014, Nick Cave selected "The Ghost of Miss Annabel Spoon" to record for the Story Box Library website.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: His fifth book, "The Dreadful Fluff" won the Best Designed Children's Cover of the Year by the Australian Publishers Association in 2013, which also saw the release of his critically acclaimed sixth title, "Noah Dreary".


title: Aaron Blabey

text: This was followed by a picture book for adults entitled "Babies Don't Suck" – a guide for expectant new fathers.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Blabey's seventh children’s book, "The Brothers Quibble", which deals with sibling rivalry, was chosen as the National Simultaneous Storytime Book of 2015, and was read by over 500,000 children on 27 May 2015.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: In 2014 Blabey signed a three-book deal with Scholastic Australia beginning with "Pig the Pug", a humorous picture book about a rude, selfish, mean-spirited dog (pug), who always gets into arguments and even fights with his rival playmate, the friendly, polite-mannered, good-hearted Trevor (dachshund). The book was an immediate hit in Australia and has since been translated into many languages and published around the world. It spawned a series of Pig books including "Pig the Fibber" (2015), "Pig the Winner" (2016), "Pig the Elf" (2016), "Pig the Star" (2017), "Pig the Grub" (2018), "Pig the Tourist" (2019), "Pig the Slob (Blob)" (2020), "Pig the Monster" (2021) and the final instalment "Pig the Rebel" (2022).


title: Aaron Blabey

text: The second book released from his initial three-book-deal was "Thelma the Unicorn". This picture book – about a plain little pony who dreams of becoming a unicorn – has also become a bestseller. In combination with its sequel "The Return of Thelma the Unicorn", it has sold millions of copies as well.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: In June 2019, it was announced that Netflix is developing an animated musical movie adaptation of "Thelma the Unicorn", to be directed by Jared Hess and Lynn Wang with animation provided by Mikros Image Montreal. Blabey will serve as an executive producer on the project.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: 2015 also saw the release of the first two instalments of Blabey's best-selling graphic novel series for junior readers, "The Bad Guys". The humorous series follows the adventures of a gang of scary-looking, dangerous animals – Mr. Wolf, Mr. Snake, Mr. Shark and Mr. Piranha – who attempt to change their bad reputations by performing good deeds.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: In January 2018, "The Bad Guys" hit The New York Times Best Seller list (Children's Series) and have since remained there for many weeks. After 36 weeks on the list, "The Bad Guys" finally reached the number one spot on July 3 2019.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: As of December 2022, there are over 25 million "Bad Guys" books in print around the world and the series has spent over 120 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: On March 9, 2018, it was announced that an animated feature film adaptation of "The Bad Guys" was in development at DreamWorks Animation – with a screenplay by Etan Cohen. On October 17, 2019, the project went into production with a scheduled release date September 17, 2021. Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, the release date was pushed back to April 22, 2022. The movie is directed by animator Pierre Perifel in his feature directorial debut and produced by Damon Ross and Rebecca Huntley and written by Etan Cohen and Hillary Winston. Blabey serves as an executive producer on the project with Etan Cohen and Patrick Hughes. It stars Sam Rockwell (Mr. Wolf), Awkwafina (Ms. Tarantula), Marc Maron (Mr. Snake), Craig Robinson (Mr. Shark) and Anthony Ramos (Mr. Piranha).


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Whilst promoting the movie in Los Angeles in April 2022, Blabey appeared on Marc Maron’s podcast WTF and discussed his journey to that point with Maron who played Mr Snake in the film.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: On January 2022, about 3 months before the release of the film adaptation of "The Bad Guys", Blabey announced that a new book called "Cat on The Run" is in development and slated to be released in 2023. The book takes place in the same universe as "The Bad Guys" and the story will feature the world’s #1 cat video star trying to prove her innocence after she was framed for a crime she didn’t commit.


title: Aaron Blabey

text: Blabey has also worked as a staff writer at a major advertising agency and spent two years as a lecturer at a prominent Sydney design college.


title: Pregnancy fetishism

text: Pregnancy fetishism (also known as maiesiophilia or maieusophoria) is a context where pregnancy is seen by individuals or cultures as an erotic phenomenon. It may involve sexual attraction to women who are pregnant or appear pregnant, attraction to lactation, or attraction to particular stages of pregnancy such as impregnation or childbirth.


title: Pregnancy fetishism

text: There are no particular or preferred elements within maiesiophilia that are common to all maiesiophiliacs. Some may pursue fantasies that are concerned with the circumstances in which a subject may give birth, or to the conditions to which the pregnant subject may find themselves acting upon, such as approaches to mobility, sleeping, and dressing. Particularly an enlarged abdomen is the reason for the attractiveness as well as more psychological aspects such as signs of fertility.


title: Pregnancy fetishism

text: The naked appearance of actress Demi Moore in the advanced stage of pregnancy on the cover of "Vanity Fair" magazine in 1991 marked the beginning of a period which has since seen pregnancy presented by celebrities as a glamorous state of living, while also creating a market for photographers to produce images of pregnant mothers, and for fashion stylists to introduce "pregnancy styling" to their business.


title: Pregnancy fetishism

text: Pregnancy has proven to be a very popular topic in the world of internet pornography, where searches for 'pregnancy porn' spiked on Pornhub in 2017, with searches increasing 20% since 2014.


title: Pregnancy fetishism

text: Impregnation fantasies are characterized by the arousal or gratification from the possibility, consequences, or risk of impregnation through unprotected vaginal sex. Impregnation fantasies are often indulged by reading erotic literature and role playing with a partner.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: Joseph Edgar Allen John "Eddie" Mannix (February 25, 1891 – August 30, 1963) was an American film studio executive and producer. He is remembered for his work as a "fixer", who was paid to cover up Hollywood stars' often colorful private lives to protect their public image and profitability for the studio. Among his most lasting contributions to Hollywood was a ledger he maintained that lists the costs and revenues of every MGM film produced between 1924 and 1962, an important reference for film historians.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: Mannix was born in Fort Lee, New Jersey, the son of John and Lizzie (née Striker) Mannix. Christened Joseph Edgar Allen John Mannix, he used Edgar Joseph Mannix as his official name, but was known to most associates as Eddie. He was of Irish Catholic descent.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: After working as a bouncer and then treasurer of the Palisades Amusement Park, he became involved in motion picture exhibition, eventually working his way up to general manager within MGM in the 1920s.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: The "Eddie Mannix Ledger" is in the Margaret Herrick Library, at Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: Mannix was married twice and had no children. He married Bernice Fitzmaurice in 1916. Mannix had numerous affairs during the marriage but the couple remained married due to their Catholicism. However, in late 1937, Bernice petitioned for divorce, claiming that Mannix physically abused her and also citing the affairs. Before the divorce was officially filed, Bernice died in a car accident outside Palm Springs, California on November 18, 1937.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: After Bernice's death, Mannix began living with actress and Ziegfeld Follies dancer Toni Lanier, with whom he had been having an affair. They married in May 1951 and remained married until Mannix's death in 1963.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: Mannix was suspected of involvement in the death of actor George Reeves, the star of the "Adventures of Superman" television series. Reeves had begun having an affair with Mannix's wife Toni in 1951. Mannix reportedly approved of the affair, which was an open secret in Hollywood. Eddie Mannix was simultaneously having a long-term affair with a Japanese woman. As Mannix and his wife were Catholics who did not believe in divorce, the arrangement continued for the next several years. Reeves, however, ended the affair in early 1959 and soon became engaged to socialite Leonore Lemmon, which devastated Toni. Reeves died of a gunshot wound to the head at his home on June 16, 1959. His death was ruled a suicide, but controversy has surrounded that ruling ever since. Rumors arose that Mannix, who was rumored to have had connections to organized crime, had arranged for Reeves to be murdered by a hitman. Kashner and Schoenberger's partially fictionalized biography "Hollywood Kryptonite" alleged, without citing any sources, that Toni Lanier Mannix, using her husband's criminal connections, ordered George Reeves' murder.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: During his career as a studio fixer at MGM, Mannix allegedly left a trail of secret abortions, sham marriages and several other unsolved homicides in his wake.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: Mannix suffered from a weak heart. By 1959, he had survived several heart attacks and used a wheelchair.


title: Eddie Mannix

text: On August 30, 1963, he died of a heart attack at his Beverly Hills home at the age of 72. He is buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, Los Angeles County.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: FUBAR is a 2002 Canadian film directed by Michael Dowse and written by Dave Lawrence, Michael Dowse and Paul Spence, following the lives of two lifelong friends and head-bangers, Terry Cahill and Dean Murdoch. "FUBAR" debuted at the Sundance Film Festival. Since its release, it has gained a cult status in North America, particularly in Western Canada.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: "FUBAR" was filmed and set in and around Calgary, Alberta, and was filmed entirely with digital cinematography on a Canon XL1 and a shoestring budget that required Dave Lawrence to max out his credit card and caused his dad to refinance their family home in order to complete the movie.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: "FUBAR" features characters created by Dave Lawrence and Paul Spence that they developed based on the head-banger subculture. Terry Cahill, one of the main characters of the film played by Lawrence was based on a character Lawrence created at Loose Moose Theatre in the mid-90s. Many people featured in the movie (including the fist-fighters) were bystanders, who thought that the filmmakers were shooting a documentary on the common man. "FUBAR" did not have a set script, only a rough outline from which the actors improvised.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: "FUBAR" is the story of two lifelong friends, Terry Cahill (Dave Lawrence) and Dean Murdoch (Paul Spence), who have grown up together: shotgunning their first beers, forming their first garage band, and growing the great Canadian mullet known as "Hockey Hair". The lives of these Alberta everymen are brought to the big screen by documentarian Farrel Mitchner (Gordon Skilling), a young director who decides to take a look at Terry and Dean through a lens, exploring the depths of their friendship, the fragility of life, growing up gracefully, and the art and science of drinking beer "like a man".


title: FUBAR (film)

text: Their lives are complicated by a snubbing by their "party leader" Troy, better known as Tron (Andrew Sparacino). When Farrel discovers that Dean is hiding a serious case of testicular cancer, the wheels are set in motion for Dean to seek treatment from Dr. S.C. Lim (Dr. S.C. Lim). With Dean's last weekend before surgery approaching, Terry decides to take Dean, Farrel and the film crew camping. Things take an unexpected turn by the third day, and Terry and Dean must cope with further tragedy.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: "FUBAR" received mixed reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 55% based on reviews from 11 critics, with an average rating of 6.0/10.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: Paul Dale of "The List" gave it 3 out of 5 and wrote: "The gloriously stupid levels of debauchery reached in this film will have a strange resonance for anyone who lived through the Thatcherite bedsit stinkfest that was pre-Acid House Britain."


title: FUBAR (film)

text: Kevin N. Laforest of the "Montreal Film Journal" compared the film to "This is Spinal Tap" "only with more pathetic protagonists- and funnier!"


title: FUBAR (film)

text: A soundtrack album, "FUBAR: The Album", was released in 2003. The album includes songs from The New Pornographers, Chixdiggit and Sloan.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: After the success of "FUBAR", its sequel, "FUBAR 2: Balls to the Wall", secured a $4-million budget based only on the scriptment marking the first time ever Telefilm Canada green lit a film without a complete script.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: Filmed in Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, the plot involves Terry and Dean moving to Fort McMurray to earn easy money in the oil patch. Similar to the first "FUBAR" film, the dialogue was improvised but the budget was significantly larger than the first film. The sequel was the first Canadian film to premier at the Midnight Madness slot at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) on September 9, 2010. The film was released throughout Canada on October 1, 2010.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: The sequel was well received. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a 90% rating based on reviews from 10 critics.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: On February 10, 2017, Rogers Media and VICE Studios Canada announced an eight-episode television series, , that continued the legacy of the original "FUBAR" films. The series captured the experiences of Terry Cahill, played by Dave Lawrence, and Dean Murdoch, played by Paul Spence, exploring the internet for the first time. The show features real-life interactions with various experts and influencers online. "FUBAR: Age of Computer" was inspired by Dave Lawrence's character, Terry.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: The series was filmed in Montreal, Quebec, and premiered on November 3, 2017, and aired on Viceland and CityTV


title: FUBAR (film)

text: In 2022, TNT FUBAR was released and is aired through the streaming site Swearnet. This series showcases Terry Cahill, played by Dave Lawrence, as he is living back home in Calgary, Alberta. He is joined by his cousin Shank played by North Darling and his wife Trish, played by Terra Hazelton. The series shows Terry renting out Shank’s basement, his attempted divorce from his wife Trish and a misunderstanding with a multi-level marketing scheme that leads Terry to Bret Hart, played by Bret Hart.


title: FUBAR (film)

text: On January 8, 2020, Kano Applications Inc. announced the worldwide launch of new mobile game, "Fubar: Just Give'r", developed in collaboration with East Side Games and BT Productions. This narrative clicker idle game available on iOS and Android picks up where the movies left off with all new storylines and exciting weekly events. Players will join the iconic "FUBAR" (film) duo, Terry and Deaner, and help them as they embark on a quest to beat the World Record for Longest Party Streak.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Officer Alex James Murphy (designation number: OCP Crime Prevention Unit 001), commonly known as RoboCop, is a fictional cybernetically-enhanced Detroit Police Department officer from Murfreesboro, Tennessee and is the main protagonist in the film series of the same name. Murphy is killed in the line of duty; subsequently, Murphy is resurrected and transformed into the cyborg law enforcement unit RoboCop by the megacorporation, Omni Consumer Products (OCP). In the original screenplay, he is referred to as Robo by creators Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Edward Neumeier's script and idea were rejected by many studios, and the name was thought as an "unsuitable" movie. The character was inspired by sources including Iron Man and Judge Dredd.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Bottin was tasked with designing the RoboCop outfit. He had not previously designed as a robot and struggled to think of films where a robot portrayed a main character throughout. He looked at the "Star Wars" film series, particularly the C-3PO character. The C-3PO costume consisted of stiff costumed extremities with a cloth midsection, which made movement and action scenes difficult. Bottin was also influenced by robots in the science fiction films "Metropolis" (1927) and "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951).


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Bottin's first concept was described as like a Marvel Comics superhero, based on his own appreciation for comic books. He developed around 50 different designs based on feedback from Verhoeven who pushed for a more machine-like character. Bottin said the designs inevitably returned to more human because the actor had to move while wearing it. Bottin briefly fell out with Verhoeven over the latter's criticism of his designs. Verhoeven said the outfit design was one of the project's most difficult aspects because he had unrealistic expectations about what he wanted after reading Japanese science fiction mangas. He admitted that he was wrong and that it took him too long to realize it, contributing to the outfit's delayed completion. Bottin's final design features lines that imply a constant forward momentum and speed. Bottin spent ten months designing the suit.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: The RoboCop outfit development was unprecedented, and both design and construction were more expensive and took longer than anticipated. Bottin and a 6-person team spent six months constructing the outfit. The outfit is effectively two suits: a flexible one made from foam latex (including the jaw, neck, gloves, abdomen, pelvis, and posterior) and painted black like cast iron; and semi- or completely rigid pieces placed over the former and made from Polyurethane (chest, limbs, and feet). Moving sections like limbs were joined together with aluminum and ball bearings. The entirety of the suit is supported by an internal harness of hooks, allowing for more action-heavy movements. Bottin was unfamiliar with polyurethane and unaware that it had a terrible smell and had to be primed with toxic chemicals before painting. Bottin used fiberglass to construct the helmet to spare Weller the polyurethane smell. Seven suits were made, including a fireproof version for the gas station explosion, and damaged suits to reflect the aftermath of assaults on RoboCop. The suits weighed ; reports vary.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Once completed, Weller tried on the costume. It took around 1.5 hours to put the outfit on. Weller was immediately frustrated because the costume was too cumbersome for him to move as he had practiced. Bottin spent 10 hours adjusting the outfit to help alleviate Weller's concerns. Weller's training with Mona Yakim had developed a liquid-movement style with a stiff staccato end but this was no longer possible. He also struggled to see through the thin helmet visor and interact or grab while wearing the gloves. After several days of struggle, Yakim was called to the set and helped Weller develop a slower, more deliberate movement style. Weller's experience in the outfit was made worse by warm weather, causing him to lose up to in sweat per day. The lower body of the outfit could not be worn in vehicles because it could not fit. By the end of filming, the process of getting Weller into costume had been refined down to 90 minutes.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: When RoboCop removes his helmet, a trick drill with a hollow shaft makes it appear that lengthy screws are emerging from his head. Dupuis and Mixon applied Weller's prosthetics once RoboCop's face is revealed. A fiberglass skull was fitted to the back of his head and blended with rubber prosthetics into Weller's skin. The process took between 6 and 8 hours and lasted 5 hours before the rubber began to fail. The pair found the process difficult because Weller's smooth skin could not conceal seams between real and false skin. Stuntman Russell Towery served as Weller's stunt double; he walked through the flames of the exploded gas station and was injured by an explosive during the first fight between RoboCop and ED-209 in OCP that threw him across the hallway. A stop motion RoboCop figure was used once during the same scene, to show RoboCop making ED-209 shoot its own arm.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: A Beretta 93R, modified by Randy Moore, was used for RoboCop's Auto-9 gun. The gun was adjusted to allow it to fire blanks, the barrel was extended and the grips made larger, and vents were cut into the side to create a multi-directional burst of fire with every three-shot burst. RoboCop's leg holster was made using a leg mold and cable-controlled by three operators, and three separate arms were made for different functions: an articulated, cable-controlled arm shown moving during RoboCop's creation; one with a spring-loaded spike attached to a metal frame and held near Weller when RoboCop accesses the police database; and one built like a battering-ram to smash a television screen in Murphy's home.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: The megacorporation Omni Consumer Products (OCP) holds a contract to fund and run the Detroit Police Department, with OCP's Security Concepts division providing oversight for the police. In order to supplement the overwhelmed police force, Security Concepts begins developing robotic law enforcement units. Originally, OCP Senior President Dick Jones develops a fully robotic unit called ED (Enforcement Droid)-209, with plans to secure a profitable long-term contract with the military. However, ED-209 severely malfunctions during the simulation of a disarm-and-arrest procedure and kills the test subject, even though he dropped his weapon. Ambitious junior executive Bob Morton takes this as a justified reason to go over Jones's head and pitch his "RoboCop" program directly to OCP's CEO, the "Old Man".


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Morton and his team restructure the police force to place prime candidates with high aptitude and experience in law enforcement into high crime areas where death in the line of duty is much higher. Once a death occurs, the deceased officer's body will be used in the construction of a cyborg law enforcement unit (full-body prosthetic chassis), since the officers have already signed waivers allowing OCP to do whatever they please with their corpses. This unit will build upon the deceased's lifetime of on-the-street law enforcement experience by adding the fastest reflexes modern technology can offer and a memory assisted by an on-board computer.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Officer Alex Murphy is one of these candidates. He is partnered with Officer Anne Lewis, a veteran of Old Detroit, which is plagued by crime boss Clarence Boddicker and his gang. One day, Murphy and Lewis pursue Boddicker's gang in a rolling shootout following an armed robbery, chasing them to an abandoned steel mill. After they split up to search for the gang, Boddicker's henchman Joe Cox incapacitates Lewis while Murphy is captured by three of Boddicker's lieutenants: Emil Antonowsky, Leon Nash, and Steve Minh. When Boddicker shows up, he asks Murphy for his opinion of him, to which Murphy defiantly and honestly tells him, "Buddy, I think you're slime." Boddicker nonchalantly shoots off Murphy's right hand with a shotgun, then the gang members take turns blasting Murphy with shotguns, shearing off Murphy's right arm and blowing holes in every part of his body. Amazingly, Murphy survives (perhaps due to the protective body armor covering his torso), but Boddicker then executes him with a gunshot to the head. Murphy is rushed to a trauma center, where the doctors try in vain to keep him alive.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Murphy's corpse is seized by OCP, citing the release forms he signed when he joined the police force. The technicians of the RoboCop Program, led by Morton, take what is left of Murphy's face and portions of his still-living cerebrum and cerebellum and install them in a cybernetic body, in effect resurrecting him as RoboCop.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: RoboCop quickly proves to be an effective weapon against crime, but he eventually begins to remember his past life as Murphy, starting with his traumatic death at the hands of Boddicker and his gang. Enraged at having had his life stolen from him, RoboCop embarks on a personal quest for vengeance as he hunts down Boddicker, resulting in the arrest or death of his entire gang. When Boddicker confesses to being in Dick Jones' employ, RoboCop attempts to arrest Jones as well. However, RoboCop's classified 'Directive 4' comes into effect, preventing him from arresting Jones. Jones admits ordering Morton's murder to RoboCop, who is subsequently damaged by an ED-209, though he manages to evade the robot. After enduring a massed attack by the technophobic Lieutenant Hedgecock and his SWAT team, RoboCop is rescued by Lewis. The two hide in an abandoned steel mill after they escape, during which RoboCop confides to Lewis about his memories of his past life. He also uses a drill brought by Lewis to remove his headpiece, showing how his "Alex Murphy" face is stretched over it. The two are attacked by Boddicker's gang, commissioned by Jones to destroy the cyborg after he realizes that his entire confession of ordering Morton's murder has been recorded. The final confrontation with Boddicker himself ends with RoboCop violently stabbing him in the throat with the computer data spike installed in his fist, finally fulfilling his revenge. RoboCop confronts Jones in the middle of an OCP board meeting, during which Jones takes the "Old Man" hostage. After admitting that he can take no action due to Directive 4, the "Old Man" fires Jones, allowing RoboCop to shoot him, since he is no longer an OCP employee. Complimenting RoboCop on his shooting skills, The Old Man asks him his name. Robocop smiles before answering, "Murphy".


title: RoboCop (character)

text: A year later, OCP attempts to replicate the success they had with Murphy with a new "RoboCop 2" program; however, all selected candidates go insane upon activation and commit suicide or harm others, due to the severe mental strain of their new situations. RoboCop is captured and torn apart by the drug lord Cain and his gang, and his pieces are dumped in front of the police station as a message. He is reconstructed and then programmed with numerous other conflicting directives that render him virtually unable to perform his duties, as a public relations group thinks he should be more 'people-friendly'. However, he gives himself a massive electric shock that resets his programming and erases his new directives, leaving him free to lead a counter-attack against Cain.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: To find a suitable personality for the "RoboCop 2" program, Dr. Juliette Faxx considers the criminal element in Cain, reasoning that someone with strong megalomania would relish the power of the new body instead of rejecting the new-found life, just as Murphy came through the process due to his strong sense of justice. Her plan is to use Cain's addiction to the drug Nuke to control him. Upon his death, Cain's brain and spinal column are harvested and placed in a larger, more powerful cybernetic body, referred to as RoboCop 2. Ultimately, Cain's addiction to Nuke proves to be his undoing, as Lewis tempts him with a vial of the drug long enough for RoboCop to attack Cain from behind and remove his brain casing from the robot body. RoboCop smashes the brain on the pavement, eliminating Cain for good.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: On the verge of bankruptcy, OCP creates an armed force called the Urban Rehabilitators ("Rehabs" for short), under the command of Paul McDaggett. Its public purpose is to combat rising crime in Old Detroit, augmenting the ranks of the Detroit Police in apprehending violent criminals. In reality, it has been set up to forcibly relocate the residents of Cadillac Heights, killing some of them (including the parents of Nikko, a Japanese-American computer whiz kid) in the process. The Rehabs gradually supersede the police, and violent crime begins to spiral out of control. The Delta City dream of former OCP CEO, "The Old Man", lives on with the help of the Japanese zaibatsu, the Kanemitsu Corporation, which has bought a controlling stake in the organisation. Kanemitsu sees the potential in the citywide redevelopment, and moves forward with the plans to remove the current citizens. The company develops and uses its own ninja robots (called "Otomo") to help McDaggett and the OCP President overcome the resistance of the anti-OCP militia forces.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: When RoboCop and partner Anne Lewis try to defend civilians from the Rehabs one night, Lewis is mortally wounded by McDaggett and eventually dies. Unable to fight back because of the "Fourth Directive", RoboCop is saved by members of a resistance movement and eventually joins them. Due to severe damage sustained in the shoot-out RoboCop's systems efficiency plummets, and he asks the resistance to summon Dr. Lazarus, one of the scientists who created him. Upon arrival she begins to repair him, deleting the Fourth Directive in the process. During an earlier raid on an armory the resistance has picked up a jet-pack prototype, originally intended for RoboCop's use, which Lazarus modifies and upgrades.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: After recovering from his injuries RoboCop conducts a one-man campaign against the Rehabs. He finds McDaggett and attempts to subdue him, but McDaggett is able to escape. McDagget then obtains information from a disgruntled resistance member regarding the location of the resistance fighters base. The base is then attacked by the Rehabs and most of the resistance members are either killed or taken prisoner. Nikko escapes with the help of Lazarus before she is captured and taken to the OCP headquarters as a prisoner.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: RoboCop returns to the resistance base to find it abandoned. One of the Otomo ninjabots then arrives and attacks him. RoboCop experiences another power drain and his side-arm is destroyed, but eventually he is able to overcome his opponent. Meanwhile, Nikko infiltrates the OCP building and assists Lazarus in broadcasting an improvised video, revealing that OCP is behind the outbreaks of criminality in the city and implicating them in the removal and termination of the Cadillac Heights residents. The broadcast causes OCP's stock to plunge dramatically, driving the company into total ruin.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: McDaggett decides to execute an all-out strike against Cadillac Heights with the help of the Detroit City police department, but the outraged police officers refused to comply and instead defect to the resistance. As a result, McDaggett turns to hiring street gangs and hooligans to assist with his plans.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Having heard Lazarus' broadcast Robocop takes to the air using the jet-pack. As the combined forces of the Rehabs and street gangs are about to wipe out the rebels and Detroit Police, RoboCop mounts an aerial assault on the attackers, leading to their defeat. He then proceeds to the OCP building and confronts the waiting McDaggett. Robocop is then attacked, and nearly defeated, by two Otomo ninjabots. Nikko and Lazarus succeed in reprogramming the ninjabots using a wireless link from a laptop computer, forcing them to attack each other. This triggers a timed self-destruct sequence in both units, forcing Robocop to flee. In igniting his jet-pack, the flaming discharge hits McDaggett's legs, immobilising him. Robocop escapes with Nikko and Lazarus, leaving McDaggett to perish in the blast while attempting to stop the self-destruct devices.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: As Old Detroit is being cleaned up Kanemitsu arrives and confronts RoboCop and his group, while his translator tells the OCP president on Kanemitsu's behalf that he is fired. Kanemitsu then bows to RoboCop. The deposed OCP President turns to Robocop and says "Well, I gotta hand it to ya... what do they call you? Murphy, is it?" RoboCop replies, saying "My friends call me Murphy. You call me RoboCop."


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Thirteen years after the first RoboCop was activated, OCP revives the RoboCop Program yet again. After the death of Delta City Security Commander John T. Cable, OCP uses portions of his body to create Crime Prevention Unit 002, moving back to the original elements of Morton's RoboCop Program. In a move of Corporate Espionage, this new RoboCop is activated in an attempt to eliminate his predecessor so that the conglomerate could freely participate in questionable activities. This programming is later overcome by Cable, who OCP had not remembered was a former friend, and partner, of Alex Murphy, and the two instead moved against OCP.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In this reboot of the series, Alex Murphy and his partner, Jack Lewis, are attempting to arrest crime lord Antoine Vallon, unaware that he has contacts inside the department. When Lewis gets shot and is hospitalized after an undercover deal goes wrong, Murphy is badly injured when Vallon detonates a car bomb in his driveway; a subsequent medical evaluation states that Murphy has third-degree burns over eighty percent of his body, serious spinal damage left him paralyzed from the waist down, his left arm and leg had to be amputated, serious damage to the optical nerves in his left eye left him blind in that eye and he was likely to be deaf. Faced with this damage, Murphy's wife agrees for him to be made part of the new Robocop program as part of a campaign by OmniCorp's Director, Raymond Sellars. Under current regulations, the Dreyfus Act prevents robots being used for law enforcement purposes in American streets, with the Robocop program attempting to exploit a loophole by putting a human in the robotic body.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Murphy is virtually completely reconstructed with a "full-body" cybernetic humanoid chassis; his face, central nervous systems, circulatory systems, and respiratory systems are the largest part of him left intact, along with his right hand, but various chips have been implanted into his brain, as well as at least one eye being replaced, along with the rest of his body being an artificial construct that can be dismantled. However, he proves to operate at a slower rate than the drone counterparts in field simulations due to his natural hesitation when making judgements in the field. Attempting to get around this, Dr. Norton, the cyberneticist responsible for creating Murphy's implants, has a new chip installed in Murphy's brain that compensates for this by taking control of his responses in action while giving Murphy the "illusion" that he's still the one making the decisions. When faced with his public debut, Murphy is so overwhelmed by his emotions that Dr. Norton is forced to shut down Murphy's ability to feel emotions to prevent a psychological breakdown.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: With his emotions shut down, Murphy proves to be an effective detective and police officer, quickly tracking down assorted unarrested suspects through his access to various security systems. His inability to emotionally connect results in him avoiding contact with his wife Clara and son David. When Clara confronts Murphy about his distance, it causes the reversal of the effects of Dr. Norton's emotion augmentation, prompting Murphy to track down Vallon and his police contacts, effectively solving his own murder, only to be shut down when he attempts to force a confession out of the police chief after learning that she was one of Vallon's contacts. When Sellars attempts to use this discovery of police corruption to have RoboCops put in action on a country-wide scale and destroy the original, Norton has a crisis of conscience and not only reactivates Murphy, but admits what was done to him psychologically during the program. With the death of Sellars, Murphy is reconstructed by Norton and allowed contact with his family again.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Police officer Alex Murphy is serving with the Detroit Police Department when its funding and administration is taken over by the private corporation, Omni Consumer Products (OCP). Murphy is a devout Irish Catholic and a mild-mannered family man, living with his wife, Ellen (Nancy in the television series, Clara in the 2014 remake), and his son, Jimmy (James Daniel "Jimmy" Murphy in (see ep. 06, "Zone Five"), David in the 2014 remake). Murphy starts mimicking his son's television hero, "T.J. Lazer", by twirling his gun whenever he took down a criminal. Murphy's psychological profile states that he was top of his class at the police academy and possesses a fierce sense of duty. This dedication explains why Murphy exhibits none of the negative attitudes and statements shared by his fellow officers when he is transferred to the Metro West Precinct, the most violent area of Old Detroit. The police dissatisfaction is the result of OCP's deliberate mismanagement, and penny-pinching, which led to the deaths of many police officers in the precinct.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: RoboCop is programmed to follow three main "Prime Directives" (accompanied by a mysterious fourth) based on the ""To Protect and to Serve"" motto of the Los Angeles Police Department and many other police forces, and which are comparable with Isaac Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics".


title: RoboCop (character)

text: The First Directive is the "moral" directive programmed: it establishes RoboCop as a police civil servant in the series who assumes a subservient contract of "public's trust", and thereby considered public property. The Second and Third Directives must not conflict with the First Directive; if there is conflict, then the First Directive overrides the Second and Third Directives. RoboCop must help the civilians in any ways possible; and must protect their civil rights to life, privacy, and property from any lethal or non-lethal harm. This disables him from prosecuting, arresting, trespassing or harming innocent civilians without a warrant or probable cause, or act in any way against the public's trust. In "RoboCop 3" when he was chasing McDaggett, he had to stop when several children blocked the road in order to prevent any harm. If he detects innocent bystanders, his fellow officers or criminals of minor misdemeanors are attacked or threatened; it then activates the Second Directive and Third Directive.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: The Second Directive is the "ethical" directive programmed: it establishes RoboCop must exercise reverence for life, de-escalation, duty to intercede, duty to rescue, non-lethality, and the presumption of innocence at all times. The Second Directive must not conflict with the First Directive; if there is conflict then the First Directive overrides the Second Directive. Lethal-force is authorized only during life-threatening situations, and only against criminals with a history of serious felonies (i.e. murder). In "RoboCop 2", RoboCop could not shoot Hob in self-defense by virtue of being a minor; this activated the Second Directive, as children are automatically assumed to be innocent.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: The Third Directive is the "legal" directive programmed: it establishes RoboCop as a law enforcement officer, with power of arrest, the legitimized use of force, and the obligation to "protect and serve" as required by law. The Third Directive must not conflict with the First or Second Directives; if there is conflict then the First or Second Directive(s) override(s) the Third Directive. It also forbids strike action or to request termination of employment, and disables him from directly assaulting, arresting, resisting, impeding, or harming a police officer. In "RoboCop," this is specifically what prevents Murphy from killing Boddicker during a drug raid: while Boddicker had been shooting at RoboCop minutes before, he then put his gun away and tried to flee, but RoboCop caught up with him and started severely beating him (based on echoes of memory of what Boddicker did to Murphy). The badly wounded and now unarmed Boddicker begs for his life, pleads that he surrenders, and that RoboCop cannot kill him because he is a police officer – which activates the Third Directive, making RoboCop take him in alive back to the police precinct.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: The Fourth Directive is Jones' contribution to RoboCop's psychological profile, deliberately programmed as "hidden" and is inaccessible by RoboCop. The Fourth Directive must not conflict with the First, Second, or Third Directives; if there is conflict then the Fourth Directive overrides all previous directives. This directive renders him physically incapable of arresting or injuring any senior OCP employee: "Any attempt to arrest a senior OCP employee results in shutdown." Jones informs RoboCop that he is an OCP product and private property; not an ordinary police officer. As a result, RoboCop is effectively a slave, unable to act against the corrupt Jones until the Old Man terminates Jones's employment with the company, allowing RoboCop to act against him. Throughout the franchise, the Fourth Directive is depicted as frequently undermining and/or conflicting with the previous three Directives. Senior OCP employees are technically "untouchable", as the company legally owns both RoboCop and all administrative branches of government within the City of Detroit; they are a corporatocracy free to operate above the law without consequence. The Fourth Directive has been erased twice, in each of the sequels. "RoboCop 2" sees the deletion of all of the directives; after Dr. Faxx has RoboCop reprogrammed with so many new irrelevant directives that he is nearly incapable of taking action, RoboCop is forced to subject himself to high voltage electricity to clear his database. In "RoboCop 3", Directive Four is declassified and reworded as "Never oppose an OCP officer". It is eliminated so that RoboCop could avenge Lewis's death.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In "", Directive Four was not present at all, but a saboteur instituted one which is stated as "Terminate John T. Cable". In "RoboCop: The Series", Directive Four was also not present. At the end of "Prime Directives", all his directives were erased, but RoboCop stated to his son that he would do "What I do: Serve the public trust, protect the innocent, and uphold the law", noting that he would keep his directives by his own free will, not through the imposition of programming.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In the 2014 film, there is no reference to the Directives, but Murphy, like the drones, is programmed to protect 'red assets' in the form of individuals wearing coded bracelets identifying themselves as assets who must be protected. The result is that he is initially unable to shoot or arrest men who are genuinely threats to him without his cybernetic systems shutting down, requiring his human partner to shoot one man who was about to kill Murphy. However, Murphy is able to override this program at the end, when the OmniCorp CEO threatens to shoot his wife and son while wearing a red bracelet.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Robocop carries guns designed for him and is equipped with enhanced reflexes, speed and strength, visual and auditory capabilities.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: RoboCop's vision has an internal zoom capability for better aim as well as tracking. RoboCop also has different vision modes, but the only one that has been used in the movies was thermal vision in "RoboCop" and "RoboCop 3". His systems use a grid which is crucial to RoboCop's targeting as well as bullet trajectory (allowing him to make ricochet shots), though apparently the targeting reticle of RoboCop is internal to him, as seen in the first movie. As seen in "RoboCop 2", RoboCop's programming prevents him from targeting children, which allowed Hob to shoot RoboCop and escape the Nuke drug lab. He also has a recorder which can detect voice fluctuations and stress as well as play back audio/visual. This recording capability enables RoboCop to document any situation he encounters with perfect recall and unbiased neutrality, with his memory being deemed through legal agreement as admissible evidence in a court of law. As seen in "RoboCop 2", RoboCop possesses a directional microphone with which he can track conversations from a distance. It would seem to be very sensitive, as he can hear vehicles approaching from afar despite being indoors (as he did when he was hiding out in "RoboCop 3"). In the television series, he is capable of lie detection by means of a polygraph.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In the reboot film, his vision is greatly enhanced: His visor comes down when in attack mode, and is usually up when in sentry mode. He uploaded the entire database of the Detroit PD in the visor, allowing him to instantly spot criminals in the crowd (as shown during a demonstration, where he spotted a criminal and arrested him). He also has an internal microphone allowing him to speak directly with OmniCorp officials.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Various displays and interpretations range from RoboCop being mostly electronic and mechanical, while others depict his structure as balanced between the two. In the original print of the film, director Verhoeven recorded the death scene, in which crime lord Clarence Boddicker shoots Murphy in the head at point blank range, blowing out the complete rear right side of Murphy's head. This would necessitate the computer running RoboCop, with Murphy's only partial brain interacting with the computer. This scene and successive conflict structure was removed from the original release, though the back head explosion scene and destructive showing of Murphy's head is included in most successive home releases as a deleted scene. In the released theatrical version and original VHS home releases, only the front of Murphy's head and the entry wound are shown (visible when RoboCop removes his helmet in the final act). Alex Murphy's brain, nervous system and personality apparently remain intact; he is able to fully reassert himself after most of the external controlling systems are destroyed and punctuated at the end of the film, where he states his identity as "Murphy" rather than RoboCop.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: While all of Murphy's limbs have been replaced with "total body prosthesis" (as indicated with the scene where Murphy's left arm is announced as salvaged) Murphy's nervous system is maintained. The first movie lets the viewer assume that some of Murphy's organs were transplanted into the cyborg (without clearly stating which ones and to which extent), since he needs to feed on a "rudimentary paste that sustains his organic systems". Donald Johnson (played by Felton Perry) comments Robocop's paste "tastes like baby food".


title: RoboCop (character)

text: RoboCop's reconstructed external structure is protected by an armored shell composed of "titanium laminated with Kevlar" making RoboCop incredibly resilient against both bombs and bullets, as well as extreme impacts such as being hit by cars and falling off skyscrapers. In "RoboCop" and "RoboCop 3" the body armor is gray, and in "RoboCop 2" the armor is blue. RoboCop's hands, midsection, and neck armor are black. As demonstrated in "RoboCop", the body armor can sustain thousands of armor-piercing rounds before damage begins to appear on the armor. It is also highly resistant to heat, as in "RoboCop", he was unaffected after being caught in a gasoline station explosion and in "RoboCop 3" when he was briefly set aflame. His visor is made of the same material and a black strip of bulletproof anti-fog glass which protects the cranium apparatus and eyes. The visor also has an undercloth of Kevlar which protects the neck and covers up any wires etc. It should also be noted that the visor conceals most of Alex Murphy's face, and is attached with screws. When the visor is removed, only Murphy's face (which is grafted onto a completely mechanical skull) from the top of the neck up is exposed. When the helmet is removed, the back of his head exposes part of the metal casing and some minor mechanical elements.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In "RoboCop 2", RoboCop's right arm contained a display that alerted personnel to his health status. RoboCop's hands also contain actuators strong enough to crush every bone in a human hand (about 400 foot pounds). His right hand also contains a spike (referred to by fans as a "dataspike" and by production as the "terminal strip") which is used to retrieve or display data from any computer bank with a corresponding port. At the end of the first film, the jack is also used as a stabbing weapon against the antagonist Clarence Boddicker. RoboCop is extremely strong, able to lift the front of the average car over his head with one arm or resist the crushing effort of a car crusher, as seen in the TV series (episodes 5 and 21, respectively). He was designed to be able "to penetrate virtually any building," and breaks locks with ease.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In "Frank Miller's RoboCop", RoboCop stores his reserve box magazines in his right wrist; this is never shown in the film series. He is seen reloading the Auto-9 in "RoboCop 2" with a magazine already in hand at the start of the scene. In the later television series, the holster area of his left thigh is used to store grenades, though on some schematic drawings the same area is used to store an emergency oxygen tank.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: "RoboCop" implies that only Murphy's face and brain was used in the construction of RoboCop, as Morton states that "total body prosthesis" was an agreed-upon parameter. It is unclear in the first two films whether or not RoboCop's human face is merely a replica of Murphy's, as it contains a scar where Boddicker shot him in the head, though he tells Murphy's wife, in "RoboCop 2," that "they made this to honor him." After touching it, she says, "it's cold."


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In "RoboCop 3," Dr. Marie Lazarus, RoboCop's chief technician, stated that Murphy's face was indeed transplanted onto a mechanical skull, and that it is not a replica.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In the 2014 "RoboCop" reboot, RoboCop is seen in several bodies. While the original film left it unclear exactly how much of Murphy's body is left after his reconstruction, this film clearly confirms that Murphy's remaining organic parts are his head, his heart, his lungs, and his right hand, and one of his eyes has been replaced with a cybernetic implant and there are various chips in his brain to compensant for the cranial trauma and help him integrate with his cybernetic components. Initially, he is constructed in a silver body very similar to the one seen in the original films. Omnicorp CEO Raymond Sellars later has marketing executive Tom Pope conduct focus group testing on a number of other designs. One such design features a transformation function, in which RoboCop could switch from his usual, bulky shape into a slimmer, more human-like form for off-duty public relations purposes. Though Sellars rejects this concept, he selects the slimmer "public relations" design as RoboCop's permanent design, albeit painted black to make him more marketable. Following Sellars' death and the significant damaging of this body, RoboCop is rebuilt in his original body by Dr. Dennett Norton.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Unlike in the original films, RoboCop's head is contained within a helmet, instead of his face being transplanted onto a metal skull. One feature common in every design seen in the reboot film is that the visor, which was screwed onto RoboCop's head in the original films, can move up and down freely, commonly moving over his eyes when his emotions spike and his crimefighting programs activate.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: In "RoboCop: Creating a Legend," a bonus feature on the "RoboCop: 20th Anniversary" DVD, it is stated that Murphy's face was removed from his corpse and implanted on the cyborg's head to give RoboCop a sense of identity. This psychological disruption RoboCop may have experienced is explained from the basis that a person whose memory has been erased would still possess the memory of being human and would suffer a psychotic breakdown if he saw the reflection of a robotic image instead of his original image of humanity.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: Since his 1987 film debut, the RoboCop character and franchise have been exercised through numerous entertainment media including multiple television series, comic books, video games, and action figures.


title: RoboCop (character)

text: RoboCop has appeared in several video game adaptions for the films, as well as games in which the character crossed over with other properties.


title: Latvian Land Forces

text: The Latvian Land Forces () together with the Latvian National Guard form the land warfare branch of the Latvian National Armed Forces. Since 2007, land forces are organized as a fully professional standing army.


title: Latvian Land Forces

text: Since 1996 till today the National Armed Forces' soldiers have been deployed on nine international peace-keeping missions in Afghanistan, Albania, Bosnia, Central African Republic, Georgia, Iraq, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Somalia. Starting from January 1, 2015, Latvian Armed Forces are taking part in EU's Nordic Battle Group. On March 29, 2004, Latvia became a fully fledged member of the NATO.


title: Latvian Land Forces

text: The rank structure of the Latvian army is adjusted to the rank structure of the NATO countries in Europe. Rank insignia are worn historically on the collars and today also on shoulder marks. Starting 2016, only the Staff Battalion wears the collar insignia.


title: N. T. Rama Rao filmography

text: N. T. Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), commonly known by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, screenwriter, director and producer who worked primarily in Telugu cinema. Through his over four-decade long career of almost 300 films, he was considered one of the most pivotal figures of the Telugu industry. After his debut in "Mana Desam" (1949) and his first lead role in "Palletoori Pilla" (1950), Rama Rao's performance in the fantasy film "Pathala Bhairavi" (1951) made him famous. His other films with Vijaya Vauhini Studios, "Malliswari" (1951) and "Pelli Chesi Choodu" (1952), were also successful, causing him to become the industry's "top star" according to Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen in the book "Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema". He also took his first steps into film production by forming the National Art Theatre production studio in 1953.


title: N. T. Rama Rao filmography

text: Through the late 1950s and 1960s, Rama Rao became well known for his work in mythological films. Notably Bandipotu and Niluvudhopidi. After a poorly-received cameo as Krishna in "Sonta Ooru" (1956), his portrayal of the god in the epic "Mayabazar" (1957) won him praise. Rama Rao would go on to play Krishna in sixteen other films, with the role quickly becoming iconic for him. In 1958's "Bhookailas", he played the demon king Ravana to critical acclaim, which was an unprecedented turn for an actor who had mostly played heroic roles up to that point. In the wake of its success, Rama Rao reprised the role in his successful directorial debut "Seeta Rama Kalyanam" (1961). By then, his fans considered him a "demigod" due to his performance as Venkateswara in "Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam" the year before, to the point that pilgrims would visit Rama Rao's house after going to the deity's temple.


title: N. T. Rama Rao filmography

text: Later in his career, Rama Rao shifted his focus to social melodramas and vigilante films. He also delved deeper into filmmaking, forming Ramakrishna Cine Studios in 1976. The following year, Rama Rao wrote, directed and produced the first film under this banner, "Daana Veera Soora Karna". The film, where he played three characters of the Hindu epic Mahabharata, namely Karna, Duryodhana and Krishna, was a commercial success and became the first Telugu film to gross over (20 million); as a result, it has been considered his magnum opus. With his adoption of a new, youthful image in his other roles that year also becoming popular with audiences, 1977 has been considered Rama Rao's "annus mirabilis".


title: N. T. Rama Rao filmography

text: He would continue starring in vigilante films, often with themes of rebellion against a corrupt system and dual "old-young" hero roles, which continued to be box-office hits despite being considered cheesy and over-the-top by critics. After Rama Rao entered politics in 1982, he started to withdraw from the film industry. Having become Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1983, he took a six-year break during his first two terms, with his last role beforehand being 17th century fortune teller Potuluri Veerabrahmam in "Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra" (1984). Near the end of his second term, he controversially re-entered cinema by starting production of his next film "Brahmarshi Viswamitra" (1991) while still in office. Both this film and his following production "Samrat Ashoka" (1992) failed to reinvigorate his career. Rama Rao's final two films were released the year after, with "Major Chandrakanth" becoming a "sensational hit" and "Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu" flopping at the box office despite being critically praised.


title: Gaby Espino

text: María Gabriela Espino Rugero (born November 15, 1977), better known as Gaby Espino, is a Venezuelan actress, model and presenter. She is best known for her roles in telenovelas.


title: Gaby Espino

text: Born in Maracay, Venezuela, Gaby Espino is the daughter of a chemical engineer and a publicist. She is of Spanish, Native Venezuelan and Lebanese descent. Her parents divorced when she was young. She is the oldest of five children, she has a sister, Andreina, two paternal half-brothers, Gustavo and Mariano and a maternal half-sister, Nelly.


title: Gaby Espino

text: Due to her fascination with animals, she originally planned to become a veterinarian. She later decided to study dentistry, but changed her mind and began studying public relations, before deciding to become an actress.


title: Gaby Espino

text: Gaby Espino married Venezuelan actor Cristobal Lander on June 14, 2007. On July 9, 2008, they welcomed a daughter named Oriana Lander.


title: Gaby Espino

text: During the filming of "Mas Sabe el Diablo" in 2009, Espino was linked to her co-star, Jencarlos Canela. In early 2010, Espino and Lander separated and it was rumored that it was because Canela was dating Espino on the side. Canela and Espino denied this and stated they were just friends.


title: Gaby Espino

text: Espino reconciled with Lander in November 2010, but they later divorced in March 2011 and once again rumors suggested that Canela and Espino were dating.


title: Gaby Espino

text: In September 2011, Canela and Espino did a live chat over social networking site Twitter, where they confirmed they were in relationship and announced that they were expecting their first child together. The godparents are Cristina Saralegui and Pitbull. Espino gave birth to their son, Nickolas Canela Espino, on February 12, 2012. On August 26, 2014 both Canela and Espino confirmed on their official Facebook page that they have decided to put an end to their relationship.


title: ChalkZone

text: ChalkZone is an American animated television series created by Bill Burnett and Larry Huber for Nickelodeon. The series follows Rudy Tabootie, an elementary school student who discovers a box of magic chalk that allows him to draw portals into the ChalkZone, an alternate dimension where everything ever drawn on a blackboard and erased turns to life. Rudy is joined in his adventures by Snap, a wisecracking superhero Rudy once drew with chalk, and Penny Sanchez, Rudy's academically intellectual classmate and personal friend.


title: ChalkZone

text: "ChalkZone" originally premiered as a pilot short on Fred Seibert's "Oh Yeah! Cartoons" animated shorts showcase in 1998. The series ran on Nickelodeon from March 22, 2002, to August 23, 2008, with 40 episodes in total. It was produced by Frederator Studios and Nickelodeon Animation Studio.


title: ChalkZone

text: Rudy Tabootie (voiced by E. G. Daily) is a 10-year-old, fifth-grade boy who loves to draw. Reggie Bullnerd (Candi Milo), the school bully, constantly teases him or gets him into trouble with Mr. Wilter (Robert Cait), Rudy's grumpy school teacher who strongly dislikes cartoons, especially Rudy's passion for art. One day while in detention, Rudy discovers a piece of "White Lightnin'" chalk, which allows access to the ChalkZone, a place where everything and everyone that has ever been drawn and erased by chalk takes form as living or is tangible. He soon makes friends with Snap (Candi Milo), a short, blue, humanoid drawing made by Rudy when he was only 8. Snap wears a superhero outfit and is very adventurous and funny. Rudy only lets one other person know about ChalkZone, his best friend Penny Sanchez (speaking voice, Hynden Walch; singing voice, Robbyn Kirmssè), who acts as the genius of the group.


title: ChalkZone

text: While in ChalkZone, the three are introduced to Cyclops (Rodger Bumpass), the kilt-wearing guardian of the magic chalk mines where Rudy obtains his magic chalk (Rudy later draws a second eye for him and renames him "Biclops"); Queen Rapsheeba (Rosslynn Taylor), ChalkZone's musical artist whom Snap has a crush on; and Blocky (Candi Milo; Robert Cait), a light green block friend of Snap's and Rudy's first-ever drawing. They also face villains such as Skrawl (Jim Cummings), a drawing who blames Rudy for being ugly and wants to destroy him, and the Craniacs (Rob Paulsen), a series of robot drawings obsessed with collecting futuristic devices.