title: Jai Shri Ram

text: The nationalistic organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad and its Sangh Parivar allies, including the Bharatiya Janata Party, used it in their Ayodhya Ram Janmabhoomi movement. Volunteers at Ayodhya at the time would write the slogan on their skin, using their own blood as ink to signify their devotion. The organizations also distributed a cassette named as "Jai Shri Ram", containing songs like "Ram ji ki sena chali" () and "Aya samay jawano jago" (). All the songs in the cassette were set to the tunes of popular Bollywood songs. Kar sevaks, led by the Sangh Parivar allies, chanted the slogan when laying a foundation east of the Babri Masjid in August 1992.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: A 1995 essay published in "Manushi", a journal edited by academic Madhu Kishwar, described how the Sangh Parivar's usage of "Jai Shri Ram", as opposed to "Sita-Ram", lies in the fact that their violent ideas had "no use for a non-macho Ram." This also mobilised more people politically, since it was patriarchal. Further, the movement was exclusively associated with Ram's birth, which had occurred many years before his marriage to Sita.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: The Hindu nationalist portrayal of Ram is warrior-like, as opposed to the traditional "tender, almost effeminate" Ram that has been in popular perception. Sociologist Jan Breman writes:


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: In 1992, during riots and the demolition of the Babri Masjid, the same slogan was raised. Former BBC Bureau Chief Mark Tully, who was present at the site of the Masjid on 6 December, recalls the usage of the slogan "Jai Shri Rama!" by the Hindu crowds rushing towards the mosque. In June 1998, 300 copies of the New Testament were taken from the students of a Christian school in Rajkot and burned amidst shouts of the slogan. In January 1999, the slogan was heard again when Australian missionary doctor Graham Staines was burned alive with his two children in Manoharpur, Orissa.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: In the events leading up to the Godhra train burning of February 2002, supporters of the Gujarat VHP and its affiliated organisations like the Bajrang Dal forced Muslims to chant "Jai Shri Ram" on their journey to Ayodhya, and on their return journey, they did the same at "every other station", including at Godhra. Both journeys were taken in the Sabarmati Express for the ceremony at the Ram Janmabhoomi. During the 2002 Gujarat riots that followed, the slogan was used in a leaflet distributed by the VHP to encourage Hindus to boycott Muslim businesses. "Jai Shri Ram" was also chanted by the mob that attacked and killed Ehsan Jafri, a former Member of Parliament from Ahmedabad. He was also forced to chant the slogan before he was brutally murdered. The slogan was also heard from the mob during the Naroda Patiya massacre. People living in mixed-religion neighborhoods were forced to put up Jai Shri Ram posters and wear armbands to ward off the rioters.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: The victim in the 2019 Jharkhand mob lynching was forced by the mob to chant "Jai Shree Ram" and "Jai Hanuman". All India Democratic Women's Association, the women's wing of CPI(M), alleged that the perpetrators of the 2020 Gargi College molestations were chanting the slogan.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: During the 2020 Delhi riots, rioters were reported to have kept chanting "Jai Shri Ram" while beating their victims. The police were also found to join in the chant while siding with the Hindu mobs. The Muslims were told "Hindustan me rehna hoga, Jai Shri Ram kehna hoga" (). Indian journalist Rana Ayyub, writing in "Time", commented that the slogan had become a "racist dog whistle" against Muslims during the riots.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: There have been some reports of violent incidents being associated with the slogan, in which the allegations were later found to be false. In June 2019, a group of prominent Indian citizens wrote a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, requesting him to put a stop "to the name of Ram being defiled" as a war cry. They demanded that strict action be taken against using the slogan for violent purposes.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: In June 2019, the slogan was used to heckle Muslim MPs as they proceeded to take their oath in the 17th Lok Sabha. In July that year, Nobel laureate Amartya Sen stated in a speech that the slogan was "not associated with the Bengali culture", leading to some unknown groups publishing his statement on billboards in Kolkata. The slogan has also been used to heckle West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee on multiple occasions, triggering angry reactions from her.


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: The slogan is painted on the walls of a mandir in a house in the 1994 film "Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!". It is used as a salutation in the 2015 film "Bajrangi Bhaijaan". A 2017 Bhojpuri film, "Pakistan Me Jai Shri Ram" depicts the hero as a devotee of Ram who enters Pakistan and kills terrorists while chanting the slogan. Stickers stating "Hello nahin, bolo Jai Sri Rama" () became popular on the vehicles and telephones of people running small businesses. A 2018 song, "Hindu Blood Hit", features psychedelic repetitions of the slogan and goes on to warn Indian Muslims that their time is up. Another song from 2017, "Jai Shree Ram DJ Vicky Mix", hopes for a time in the future in which "there will continue to be a Kashmir but no Pakistan".


title: Jai Shri Ram

text: Following the ground-breaking ceremony of the Ram Temple, Ayodhya, in August 2020, the slogan was used as a chant in celebrations. The slogan was used by lawyers after the 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The Portuguese Communist Party (, , PCP) is a communist, Marxist–Leninist political party in Portugal based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself patriotic and internationalist, and it is characterized as being between the left-wing and far-left on the political spectrum.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The party was founded in 1921, establishing contacts with the Comintern in 1922 and becoming is Portuguese section in 1923. The PCP was banned after the 1926 military coup and subsequently played a major role in the opposition against the dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. During the nearly five-decade-long dictatorship, the PCP was constantly suppressed by the secret police, which forced the party's members to live in clandestine status under the threat of arrest, torture, and murder. After the Carnation Revolution in 1974, which overthrew the regime, the 36 members of party's Central Committee had, in the aggregate, experienced more than 300 years in jail.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: After the end of the dictatorship, the party became a major political force in the new democratic government. One of its goals, according to the party is to maintain its "vanguard role in the service of the class interests of the workers". Currently, the PCP is the fifth largest in the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic, where it holds 6 of the 230 assembly seats.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The party publishes the weekly "Avante!", founded in 1931. Its youth organization is the Portuguese Communist Youth, a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: At the end of World War I, in 1918, Portugal fell into a serious economic crisis, in part due to the Portuguese military intervention in the war. The Portuguese working classes responded to the deterioration in their living standards with a wave of strikes. Supported by an emerging labour movement, the workers achieved some of their objectives, such as an eight-hour working day.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In September 1919, the working-class movement founded the first Portuguese Labour Union Confederation, the General Confederation of Labour; however, the feeling of political powerlessness, due to the lack of a coherent political strategy among the Portuguese working class, plus the growing popularity of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in 1917, led to the foundation of the Portuguese Maximalist Federation (FMP) in 1919. The goal of FMP was to promote socialist and revolutionary ideas and to organize and develop the worker movement.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: After some time, members of the FMP began to feel the need for a "revolutionary vanguard" among Portuguese workers. After several meetings at various trade union offices, and with the aid of the Comintern, this desire culminated in the foundation of the Portuguese Communist Party as the Portuguese Section of the Comintern on 6 March 1921.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Unlike virtually all other European communist parties, the PCP was not formed after a split of a social democratic or socialist party, but from the ranks of anarcho-syndicalist and revolutionary syndicalist groups, the most active factions in the Portuguese labor movement. The party opened its first headquarters in the Arco do Marquês do Alegrete Street in Lisbon. Seven months after its creation, the first issue of "O Comunista" (The Communist), the first newspaper of the party, was published.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The first congress of the party took place in Lisbon in November 1923, with Carlos Rates as the leader. The congress was attended by about a hundred members of the party and asserted its solidarity with socialism in the Soviet Union and the need for a strong struggle for similar policies in Portugal; it also stated that a fascist coup in Portugal was a serious threat to the party and to the country.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: After the military coup of 28 May 1926, the party was outlawed and had to operate in secrecy. By coincidence, the coup was carried out on the eve of the second congress, forcing the suspension of party business. In 1927, the party's main office was closed. The party was first re-organized in 1929 under Bento Gonçalves. Adapting its new illegal status, the party re-organized as a network of clandestine cells.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Meanwhile, in 1938, the PCP had been expelled from the Comintern. The reason for the expulsion was a sense of distrust in the Comintern caused by a sudden breakdown in the party's activity after a period of strong communist tumult in the country, accusations of alleged embezzlement of money carried out by some important members of the party and, mainly, the weak internal structure of the party, dominated by internal wars. The action against the PCP, signed by Georgi Dimitrov, was in part taken due to some persecution against Comintern member parties or persons (like the Communist Party of Poland or Béla Kun) led by Joseph Stalin. These series of events would, in part, lead to the end of the Comintern in 1943. The PCP would only re-establish its relations with the communist movement and the Soviet Union in 1947, after sporadic contacts made through the communist parties of Spain and France and later through Mikhail Suslov.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: After the 1933 rise of Salazar's dictatorial Estado Novo regime, suppression of the party grew. Many members were arrested, tortured, and executed. Many were sent to the Tarrafal concentration camp in the Cape Verde Islands. This included Bento Gonçalves, who would die there. The vast wave of arrests led to a major re-organization in 1940 and 1941, named the "Reorganization of '40". The first congress held after these changes was held in 1943, and stated that the party should unite with all those who also wanted an end to the dictatorship. Another important conclusion was the need to increase the party's influence inside the Portuguese army. The party was able, for the first time, to assure a strong clandestine organization, with a network of clandestine cadres, which would significantly aid the resistance against Salazar's regime.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1945, with the defeat of the major fascist regimes in World War II, Salazar was forced to fake some democratic changes to keep up a good image in the eyes of the West, so in October of that year, the democratic resistance was authorized to form a platform, which was named Movement of Democratic Unity (Portuguese: "Movimento de Unidade Democrática", or MUD). Initially, the MUD was controlled by the moderate opposition, but it soon became strongly influenced by the PCP, which controlled its youth wing. In the leadership of the youth wing were several communists, among them Octávio Pato, Salgado Zenha, Mário Soares, Júlio Pomar, and Mário Sacramento. This influence led to the MUD being outlawed by the government in 1948, after several waves of suppression.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The fourth congress, held in July 1946, pointed to massive popular struggle as the only way to overthrow the regime, and stated the policies that would help the party leaders that same popular movement. This, along with the consolidation of the clandestine work, was the main conclusion of the congress. A brief report of the conclusions of this congress were published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. At this time, Álvaro Cunhal travelled to Yugoslavia with the aid of Bento de Jesus Caraça to improve relations with the Socialist Bloc. Later, in 1948, he travelled to the Soviet Union to speak with Mikhail Suslov, after which the bonds between the PCP and the International Communist Movement were re-established. Soon after returning from the Soviet Union, Cunhal was arrested by the PIDE.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The fifth congress, held in September 1957, was the only congress to be held outside Portugal. In Kiev, the Party approved its first program and statutes. For the first time, the party took an official position on colonialism, stating that every people had the right of self-determination, and made clear its support of the liberation movements in the Portuguese colonies, such as MPLA in Angola, FRELIMO in Mozambique, and PAIGC in Guinea-Bissau.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In January 1960, a group of ten PCP members managed to escape from the high-security prison in Peniche. The escape returned to freedom many of the leading figures of the Party, among them, Álvaro Cunhal, who would be elected in the following year the first secretary-general in nineteen years. Among the escapees was also Jaime Serra, who would help to organize a secret commando group, the Armed Revolutionary Action (Portuguese: "Acção Revolucionária Armada" or ARA). The ARA was the armed branch of the PCP that would be responsible in the 1970s for some military action against the dictatorial regime.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1961, the Colonial War in Africa began - first in Angola, and in the next year in Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. The war lasted thirteen years and devastated Portuguese society, forcing many thousands of Portuguese citizens to leave the country, both to seek a better future in countries like France, Germany, or Switzerland and to escape conscription. The PCP, which had been involved in the formation of the nationalist guerrilla movements, along with the Soviet Union, immediately stated its opposition to the war, and its support for the anti-colonial movements. The war prompted unrest in Portuguese society and helped lead to the decline of the Salazar regime.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1962, the Academic Crisis occurred. The Salazar regime, fearing the growing popularity of democratic ideas among students, made several student associations and organizations illegal, including the National Secretariat of Portuguese Students. Most members of this organization were intellectual communist militants who were persecuted and forbidden to continue their university studies. With assistance from the PCP, the students responded with demonstrations that culminated on 24 March with a large student demonstration in Lisbon. The demonstration was brutally suppressed by the police, leading to hundreds of injuries among the protesters. Immediately thereafter, the students began a strike against the regime.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In the sixth congress, in 1965, Álvaro Cunhal, elected secretary-general in 1961, released the report, "The Path to Victory—The Tasks of the Party in the National and Democratic Revolution", written while he was in exile in Moscow in collaboration with Margarida Tengarrinha, which became a document of major influence in the democratic movement. Widely distributed among the clandestine members, it contained eight political goals, such as "the end of the monopolies in the economy", "the need for agrarian reform and redistribution of the land", and "the democratization of access to culture and education" — policies that the Party considered essential to make Portugal a fully democratic country. Nine years later, on 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution occurred, putting an end to 48 years of resistance and marking the beginning of a new cycle in the party's life.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Immediately after the revolution, basic democratic rights were re-established in Portugal. On 27 April, political prisoners were freed. On 30 April, Álvaro Cunhal returned to Lisbon, where he was received by thousands of people. May Day was commemorated for the first time in 48 years, and an estimated half million people gathered in the FNAT Stadium (now 1 May Stadium) in Lisbon to hear speeches by Cunhal and the socialist Mário Soares. On 17 May, the party's newspaper, "Avante!", produced the first legal issue in its history.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The following months were marked by radical changes in the country, always closely followed and supported by PCP. A stormy process to give independence to the colonies started with the full support of the party and, within a year, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe became independent countries.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Six months after the Carnation Revolution, on 20 October 1974, the party's seventh congress took place. More than a thousand delegates and hundreds of Portuguese and foreign guests attended. The congress set forth important statements that discussed the ongoing revolution in the country. The 36 members of the elected central committee had in the aggregate experienced more than 300 years in jail. On 26 December 1974, the PCP became the first legally recognized party.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The revolutionary process continued. On 11 March 1975, the left-wing military forces defeated a coup attempt by rightists in the military. This resulted in a turn in the revolutionary process to the political left, with the main sectors of the economy, such as the banks, transportation, steel mills, mines, and communications companies, being nationalized. This was done under the lead of Vasco Gonçalves, a member of the military wing who supported the party and who had become prime minister after the first provisional government resigned. The party then asserted its complete support for these changes and for the Agrarian Reform process that implemented collectivization of the agricultural sector and the land in a region named the "Zone of Intervention of the Agrarian Reform" or "ZIRA", which included the land south of the Tagus River. The PCP took the lead of that process and drove it according to the party's program, organizing thousands of peasants into cooperatives. Combined with the party's strong clandestine organization and support of the peasants' movement during the preceding years in that region, these efforts made the south of Portugal the major stronghold of the PCP. The party gained more than half of the votes in Beja, Évora, and Setúbal in subsequent elections.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: One year after the revolution, the first democratic elections took place to elect the parliament that would write a new constitution to replace the constitution of 1933. The party achieved 12.52% of the vote and elected 30 members of parliament. In the end, as the party wanted, the constitution included several references to "socialism" and a "classless society" and was approved with the opposition of only one party, the right-wing Democratic and Social Centre (Portuguese: "Centro Democrático Social" or CDS).


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1976, after the approval of the constitution, the second democratic election was carried out and the PCP raised its share of the vote to 14.56% and 40 seats. In the same year, the first Avante! Festival took place, and the eighth congress was held in Lisbon from 11–14 November. The congress mainly stated the need to continue the quest for socialism in Portugal and the need to defend the achievements of the revolution against what the party considered to be a political step backward, led by a coalition of the Socialist Party and the right-wing Centro Democrático Social, who opposed the agrarian reform process.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1979, the party held its ninth congress, which analysed the state of post-revolutionary Portugal, right-wing politics, and the party's struggles to nationalize the economy. In December 1979, new elections took place. The party formed the United People Alliance (Portuguese: "Aliança Povo Unido" or APU) in coalition with the Portuguese Democratic Movement (Portuguese: "Movimento Democrático Português" or MDP/CDE) and increased its vote to 18.96% and 47 seats. The election was won by a centrist/right-wing coalition led by Francisco Sá Carneiro, which immediately initiated policies that the party considered to be contrary to working-class interests. Despite a setback in a subsequent election in 1980, in which the PCP dropped to 41 seats, the party achieved several victories in local elections, winning the leadership of dozens of municipalities in the FEPU coalition. After the sudden death of Sá Carneiro in an air crash in 1980, the party achieved 44 seats and 18.20% of the vote as part of the APU in the 1983 elections. Also in 1983, the party held its tenth congress, which again criticized what it saw as the dangers of right-wing politics.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1986, the surprising rise of Mário Soares, who reached the second round in the presidential election, defeating the party's candidate, Salgado Zenha, made the party call an extra congress. The eleventh congress was called with only two weeks' notice, in order to decide whether or not to support Soares against Freitas do Amaral. Soares was supported, and he won by a slight margin. Had he not been supported by the PCP, he would have probably lost. In 1987, after the resignation of the government, another election took place. The PCP, now in the Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese: "Coligação Democrática Unitária" or CDU) with the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (Portuguese: "Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes"" or PEV) and the Democratic Intervention (Portuguese: "Intervenção Democrática" or ID), saw an electoral decline to 12.18% and 31 seats.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In 1988, the PCP held another congress, the twelfth, in which more than 2000 delegates participated and which put forth a new program entitled "Portugal, an Advanced Democracy for the 21st Century".


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: At the end of the 1980s, the Socialist Bloc of Eastern Europe started to disintegrate, and the party faced one of the biggest crises in its history. With many members leaving, the party called a thirteenth congress for May 1990, in which a huge ideological battle occurred. The majority of the more than 2000 delegates decided to continue the party's "revolutionary way to Socialism" — i. e., to retain its Leninist ideology. By so doing, it clashed with what many other communist parties around the world were doing. The congress asserted that socialism in the Soviet Union had failed, but a unique historical experience, several social changes, and several achievements by the labour movement had been influenced by the Socialist Bloc. Álvaro Cunhal was re-elected secretary-general, but Carlos Carvalhas was elected assistant secretary-general.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In the legislative election of 1991, the party won 8.84% of the national vote and 17 seats, continuing its electoral decline.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The fourteenth congress took place in 1992, and Carlos Carvalhas was elected the new secretary-general, replacing Álvaro Cunhal. The congress analysed the new international situation created by the disappearance of the Soviet Union and the defeat of socialism in Eastern Europe. The party also traced the guidelines intended to put Cavaco Silva and the right-wing government on its way out, a fact that would happen shortly after. In 1995, the right-wing Social Democratic Party was replaced in the government by the Socialist Party after the October legislative election, in which the PCP received 8.61% of the votes.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In December 1996, the fifteenth congress was held, this time in Porto, with more than 1600 delegates participating. The congress criticized the right-wing policies of the socialist government of António Guterres, and debated the future of the PCP following the debacle of the Socialist Bloc. In the subsequent local elections, the party continued to decline, but in the legislative election of 1999, the party increased its voting percentage for the first time in many years. The sixteenth congress was held in December 2000, and Carlos Carvalhas was re-elected secretary-general. In the legislative election of 2002, the PCP achieved its lowest voting result ever, with only 7.0% of the vote.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In November 2004, the seventeenth party congress elected Jerónimo de Sousa, a former metal worker, as the new secretary-general.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In the legislative election of February 2005, the Party increased its share of the vote, and won 12 of the 230 seats in parliament, receiving about 430,000 votes (7.60%).


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: After the 2005 local election, in which the PCP regained the presidency of 7 municipalities, the party holds the leadership of 32 (of 308) municipalities, most of them in Alentejo and Setúbal, and holds the leadership of hundreds of civil parishes and local assemblies. The local administration by PCP is usually marked by concern about such issues as preventing privatization of the water supply, funding culture and education, providing access to sports, and promoting health, facilitating participatory democracy, and preventing corruption. The presence of the Greens in the coalition also keeps an eye on environmental issues such as recycling and water treatment.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The PCP's work now follows the program of an "Advanced Democracy for the 21st Century". Issues like the decriminalization of abortion, workers' rights, the increasing fees for the health service and education, the erosion of the social safety net, low salaries and pensions, imperialism and war, and solidarity with other countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine, Cuba, and the Basque Country are constant concerns in the party's agenda.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The party has three members elected to the European Parliament, after the European election of 2014. They sit in the European United Left–Nordic Green Left group.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Since the 2015 legislative election, the party supports the government headed by António Costa, together with the Left Bloc and the Greens. However, the PCP has been historically critical of the Socialist Party.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: In in 2017, the party, alongside the Portuguese Socialist Party, the social-democratic PSD, BE and the ecologist party PEV, voted in favour of abolishing party fundraising limits, thereby opening all portuguese parties to private political donorship, with no obligation to disclose the donations source. The new proposal was reluctantly approved by the Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: After the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal the party lost one european deputy, it now has two members who sit in the European United Left-Nordic Green Left group in the European Parliament.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the PCP has come under the spotlight for being the sole political party represented in Parliament to have avoided a clear condemnation of Russia from the start, choosing instead to repeatedly blame Ukraine and the West for the war.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: On 24 February (the first day of the invasion), the party refused to condemn Russia, upon being explicitly invited to do so by Foreign Affairs Minister Augusto Santos Silva (Socialist Party) in a parliamentary debate. The communists stated that the conflict was "more profound" than "a problem between Russians and Ukrainians", and instead blamed the United States, accusing them of being "the party that is truly interested in having a new war in Europe" and of "promoting" it in order to "turn attentions away from internal problems" and to "ensure a large-scale sale of weapons".


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: On 1 March, the two communist members of the European Parliament voted against a resolution condemning the invasion. The party explained its decision by accusing the resolution of "fuelling the escalation", of "seeking to impose a unilateral view" and of "justifying the colossal process of increasing military expenditures, the strengthening and expansion of NATO and the militarisation of the EU". The document was approved with more than 600 votes in favour, 13 against and 26 abstentions.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: On 8 March, the PCP's leader Jerónimo de Sousa blamed all entities involved in the war (Russia included, although referring to its actions by the Kremlin's language of a "military operation"). He stated the party condemned "the whole process of meddling and of confrontation which took place [in Ukraine], the US-promoted coup d'état in 2014, Russia's recent military intervention and the intensification of the bellicose escalation made by the US, NATO and the EU".


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: On 20 April, the PCP announced that it would not attend the Parliament's solemn session where President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky would speak, the following day. The party's parliamentary leader Paula Santos rejected condoning "the participation of someone who personifies a xenophobic and bellicose power", calling the session a "stage to contribute for the escalation of war".


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: On 23 April, questioned by a journalist as to whether he considered that there was an invasion going on, party leader Jerónimo de Sousa replied: "There was a military operation which we have condemned." Following the journalist's insistence on the question, he rejected using the word 'invasion' and instead hesitantly responded: "At least, from the images we have... from the images we have, there is a conflict, there is a war. That is unavoidable and must be recognised."


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The PCP's statutes define the party as the vanguard of the Portuguese proletariat. That vanguard role results from its class nature and its close liaison with the masses, mobilizing them and winning their support.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The PCP organizes in its ranks industrial and office workers, small and medium farmers, intellectuals and technical workers, small and medium shopkeepers, and industrialists, who fight for democracy and for socialism. The party considers itself the legitimate pursuer of the Portuguese people's best traditions of struggle and of their progressive and revolutionary achievements throughout their history.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The PCP upholds Marxism–Leninism as its theoretical basis, which is a materialist and dialectical conception of the world and a scientific tool of social analysis. These principles guide the party's action and enable it to systematically answer new challenges and realities. The party also orients its members and its activity in the spirit of proletarian internationalism, of cooperation between the communist parties and revolutionary and progressive forces, and of solidarity with the workers of other countries.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Aside from upholding Marxism–Leninism and maintaining its "proletarian vanguard role", its goals, according to the party are:


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The main principle that guides the party's internal structure, being a Leninist party, is democratic centralism, which implies that:


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The structure and internal organization of the PCP are defined by its statutes. The most recent statutes were approved in the seventeenth congress, held in 2004. The upper organs of the PCP at the national level are the congress, the central committee, and the central commission of control.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The supreme organ of the party is its congress, which is summoned by the outgoing central committee and held every four years. The congress is composed of delegates elected by the respective lower organs proportional to each organ's membership size. The congress approves its theses after a wide discussion period inside the organizations and may also change the party's program and statutes. All the decisions of the congress are made by the delegates voting. With the exception of the voting for the central committee, which a recent Portuguese law requires to be secret, all voting, including the approval of the theses, are conducted by a show of hands. The theses, after approval, guide all the party's political actions and stances until the next congress.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The main organ between the congresses is the central committee, which is elected in the congresses under a proposal of the retiring central committee. This proposal may only be made after a long period of hearing the lower structures in order to include in it the names they propose. The CC may not change the orientation present in the congress' theses. The main task of the central committee is to define the guidelines of the party's political work and decide the immediate tasks of the party, assuring that the lower structures comply with those decisions. The CC elects, from its members, its Political Bureau, its Secretariat, and also the Central Commission of Control. This last must assure the compliance between the Party's activities and the statutes, and control the Party's finances. The CC may, or may not, elect the party's secretary-general from its members.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The intermediate organs of the Party are, by rule, the organs that coordinate an organization of district, municipality, and parish levels, but organizations at a neighbourhood or professional class level also exist. The main organ of an intermediate part of the party's structure is the Assembly. The Assembly works as a small Congress for the organization members. The Assembly elects the regional or municipal committees, which are responsible for applying the theses of the Assembly to the organization's work.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The base level organ of the Party is the cell. The cell is defined as being the link between the party and the working class and the masses. A cell is composed of a minimum of three Party members and exists at a work place or neighborhood level. The cell may elect its own secretariat, which has the responsibility of discussing and putting into practice the Party's guidelines. The cell must ensure the recruitment of new members, promote the reading of Avante! and the other publications, ensure that the members pay their membership fees and keep the upper structures aware of the cell's political work.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The Portuguese Communist Party publishes the weekly "Avante!" ("Onward!"), widely distributed throughout the country, and also the magazine of theoretical discussion "O Militante" ("The Militant"), published bi-monthly. The party's press also includes the bulletin "Emigração" ("Emigration"), targeted at the large Portuguese diaspora, and the magazine "Portugal e a UE" ("Portugal and the EU"), directed by the party's members elected in the European Parliament, which presents information related to the European politics and to the European United Left–Nordic Green Left group. Both "Avante!" and "O Militante" are sold in the party's offices to the members. Buying "Avante!" is considered one of the members' duties. "Avante!" is also sold among other newspapers in many news stands around the country.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: "Avante!" was illegally printed and distributed from February 1931 until May 1974. Many times, the newspaper distribution suffered breakdowns due to the suppression by the political police of party members who helped to distribute the newspaper, or due to the destruction of the clandestine printing offices. Successfully evading official censorship, "Avante!" was one of the very few Portuguese newspapers that freely reported on events like World War II, the Colonial War in Africa or massive workers' strikes and waves of student protest against the dictatorship. "Avante!" continues to be printed after more than three decades of democracy, and has now a full online edition. The Avante! Festival was named after the newspaper.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: During the campaign for the Portuguese legislative election of 2005, the party created a radio broadcast on its website and also a digital forum, being the first Portuguese party to use the internet actively in an electoral campaign. After the last Congress, the statutes were changed and the party now considers its website as another official media and it is regularly updated. The campaign radio broadcast evolved into an online radio station named "Comunic". It broadcasts thematic interviews with party's members, music and propaganda.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Usually, the party's largest political campaigns and struggles are supported by the distribution of a massive number of leaflets and advertising posters in hot spots like train stations, factories, universities, main streets, and avenues or markets. The free television spots that the Portuguese law grants to the parties, either in the campaign time or out of it, are used by PCP to promote initiatives and political campaigns.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The party also owns a publishing company, "Edições Avante!" ("Avante! Editions"), that publishes and sells several books related to the party's history or to Marxism. Classics of Marxism–Leninism, such as "The Communist Manifesto", "Capital", "On the Jewish Question", or "What is to be Done?", several books of Portuguese authors on the history of the party and the resistance, official documents like the program or the statutes, books from foreign authors, like "Ten Days that Shook the World" and several other works are present in the Avante! Edition's catalog.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The youth organization of PCP is the Portuguese Communist Youth (), and was founded on 10 November 1979, after the unification of the Communist Students League and the Young Communist League. The Portuguese Communist Youth is a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, a youth non-governmental organization that congregates several left-wing youth organizations from all the continents. The WFDY holds an international event, named World Festival of Youth and Students, in which the Portuguese Communist Youth uses to participate.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The youth wing follows a structure similar to the Party's, also based on the Leninist principle of democratic centralism, and both organizations maintain a cooperative relationship. JCP is, however, an independent organization.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Mainly composed by students and some working-class young people, the Portuguese Communist Youth has, as its main political concerns, such issues as the promotion of a free and public education for all ages, employment, peace, and housing. It also promotes international solidarity brigades for countries like Cuba, Palestine, or Venezuela, alone or with other European Communist youth organizations like KNE or SDAJ. It has its main organizational strength among high-school and university students, with a strong presence among the Students' unions.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Every year, in the first weekend of September, the party holds a festival called the Avante! Festival (Portuguese: "Festa do Avante!"). After taking place in different locations around Lisbon, like the Lisbon International Fair, Ajuda or Loures, it is now held in Amora, a city near Seixal, on land bought by the Party after a massive fundraising campaign in the early 1990s. The Party considered this campaign to be the only way to avoid the boycott organized by the owners of the previous festival grounds, a boycott that ultimately resulted in the Festival not being held in 1987.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The festival attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors. The events themselves consist of a three-day festival of music, with hundreds of Portuguese and international bands and artists across five different stages, ethnography, gastronomy, debates, a books and music fair, theatre (Avanteatro), cinema (Cineavante) and sporting events. Several foreign communist parties also participate.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: Famous artists, Communist and non-Communist, Portuguese and non-Portuguese, have performed at the Festival, including Chico Buarque, Baden Powell, Ivan Lins, Zeca Afonso, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Holly Near, Johnny Clegg, Charlie Haden, Judy Collins, Richie Havens, Tom Paxton, Ska-P, The Soviet Circus Company, the Kuban Cossack Choir, Dexys Midnight Runners, The Band, Hevia, Brigada Victor Jara, Adriano Correia de Oliveira, Carlos Paredes, Jorge Palma, Manoel de Oliveira, Babylon Circus, and many others.


title: Portuguese Communist Party

text: The preparation of the party begins right after the end of the previous festival. Hundreds of the Party's members and friends, mostly young people, volunteer.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The London Borough of Brent () is a London borough in north-west London. It borders the boroughs of Harrow to the north-west, Barnet to the north-east, Camden to the east, the City of Westminster to the south-east, as well as the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham and Ealing to the south. Most of the eastern border is formed by the Roman road Watling Street, which is now the modern A5.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent's population is estimated to be 329,771. Major districts are Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley and Harlesden, with sub-districts Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green and Queen's Park. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments. Today Brent is known for being home to Wembley Stadium, the country's largest stadium by capacity, as well as other landmarks such as the Kiln Theatre, the Swaminarayan Temple and Wembley Arena. Other notable places are the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent was formed in 1965 from the area of the former Municipal Borough of Wembley and Municipal Borough of Willesden of Middlesex. The Municipal Borough of Wembley was formed by a merger of the parishes of Wembley (originally part of the Ancient Parish of Harrow-on-the-Hill) and Kingsbury in 1934.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Its name derives from the River Brent which runs through the borough and separated the former boroughs of Wembley and Willesden.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent is divided into 21 electoral wards. Some wards share a name with the traditional areas above, others include Mapesbury and Welsh Harp.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The borough includes three parliamentary constituencies: Brent North, Brent Central and Hampstead and Kilburn, which includes part of the London Borough of Camden. Before the 2010 United Kingdom general election it was divided into three constituencies contained wholly within the borough – Brent South, Brent East and Brent North.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent London Borough Council is elected every four years, with currently 63 councillors being elected at each election. While the Labour Party has been the largest single party on the council for about half its history and the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats have each been the largest party at other times, there have been several periods when no party has had overall control. Labour regained control in 2010 and increased their majority at the 2014 election and 2018 election. As of 2020, the council is composed of the following councillors:


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The merger of Willesden and Wembley (including Kingsbury) in 1965 created the borough of Brent, but this was one of the more unpopular of the mergers occurring during the creation of the modern London boroughs. Reasons for this included the limited road links between the two areas (with the A4088 and A404 Harrow Road the only major road links across the Brent valley boundary), the lack of a focal point or ‘heart’ for the borough and the contrasting characteristics; with Willesden more inner-city in nature, and Wembley more suburban. Widening schemes for the North Circular Road, which passed along the Brent valley, close to the boundary between the two, increased this sense of separation.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The unpopularity persisted and in 1989 more than ten thousand people signed a petition calling for Wembley (with Kingsbury) to regain its independence or else join with the London Borough of Harrow with which it had historic administrative links, had better transport integration and had shared common suburban interests. The 1994, the Boundary Commission considered this, and other requests, considering a wide range of options including restoring independence to the districts, or joining them to different neighbouring boroughs – an option the Commission preferred.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Wembley and Harrow would represent a pre-20th century remerger. The London Borough of Harrow supported the failed idea and that of the eastern boundary's straightening (with the London Borough of Barnet along the A5 Road (Watling Street, Edgware Road)). Willesden was harder to idealise a match with an existing borough. The Boroughs and Commission, by narrow consensus, saw Ealing as most likely, yet a main bar would remain of the lack of a focal point and the industrial zones of Park Royal, Old Oak Common and North Acton, a busy buffer zone.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The Commission concluded there was insufficient justification for the disruption of the proposals, which should only be considered during a comprehensive review of London's boundaries.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 2,022. This rose slowly throughout the nineteenth century, as the district became built up; reaching 5,646 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth increased. The population took five decades to rebound to the more muted peak of the 1950s, when much industry relocated from London, further boosting the speed of the wave of new housing then built.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent is the most diverse locality in the UK by country of birth. It in 2019 became the only local authority with over 50% of residents, namely 52%, born abroad. Large Asian and Indian, Black African, Black Caribbean, Irish, and Eastern European communities exist. 45 percent of the population was a minority ethnicity in the 1991 census, the most in England at the time. In 1991 17.2% were Indian, 10.2% were Black Caribbean and 9% were Irish. Brent was the only Outer London borough combining high proportions of Indian and Afro-Caribbean ethnicities.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The 2001 UK Census found that the borough had a population of 263,464 residents, of whom 127,806 were male, and 135,658 female. Of those stating a choice, 47.71% described themselves as Christian, 17.71% as Hindu, 12.26% as Muslim and 10% as having no religion. Among residents, 39.96% were in full-time employment and 7.86% in part-time employment – compared to a London average of 42.64% and 8.62%, respectively. Narrowly most residents included an owner-occupier in their household, with 23.17% of households owning their house outright, and a further 31.33% owning with a mortgage. 10.59% were in local authority housing, with a further 13.29% renting from a housing association, or other registered social landlord.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The borough of Brent is extremely ethnically diverse, having changed greatly since 1951. In the 2011 census, those who identified as White British made up 18% of the borough's population. 18% identified as other White, 5% were of mixed heritage, those of South Asian heritage comprised about 33%, those of African and Caribbean heritage about 19%, and other ethnic groups about 7%. White ethnicities were relatively high in the wards of Mapesbury (straddling Willesden Green and Cricklewood), Brondesbury Park, Queen's Park and Kilburn. Black ethnicities in highest proportion were in Stonebridge, Harlesden and Kensal Green wards. Asian ethnicities in highest proportion were in the wards of Alperton, Wembley Central and Kenton. Those who ethnically identify as BAME (Black, Asian and minority Ethnic) was as high as 86% in Wembley Central – one of the highest in London – and most other Brent wards have a majority BAME population. Queen's Park had the lowest BAME proportion, at 37.0%.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent has the highest proportion of Irish residents in Britain, with 4% of the population. It also has the largest Brazilian community in the UK; one of the largest Indian communities; a significant Afro-Caribbean community; and more recent Romanian, Polish and Somali communities.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: As of 2011, 41.5% identified themselves as Christian, 18.6% Muslim, 17.8% Hindu and 10.6% with no religion. Brent is notably home of the Neasden Temple, once the largest Hindu Mandir outside India; and JFS, the largest Jewish school in Europe. There is also an Islamic school called Islamia Primary School founded by Cat Stevens.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Brent according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Per the House of Commons survey of female genital mutilation, in the year to 31 March 2016, Brent represented the highest number of attendees, by current residence or visiting location, to medical services, at 1250, 545 more than the next-highest local authority, Bristol.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: In 2015, the BBC reported it was some wards of Brent and four other London boroughs that had the highest UK rates of tuberculosis (over 150 per ) per a high, but falling, situation from 2011 to 2013.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Diageo has its head office in Park Royal and in the London Borough of Brent, on a former Guinness brewery property. The brewery was closed in 2004; it had produced beer since 1936. Diageo planned to move its head office to Brent from Central London when the lease on the Central London office expired in 2010.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Brent is the joint fourth-worst Borough in London for levels of child poverty. Save the Children reported in 2011 that 11,000 children are impoverished.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Recycling has been compulsory in the borough of Brent since 2008. Through a green box collection scheme the borough aims to improve on the 25 per cent recycled waste it already achieves.


title: London Borough of Brent

text: The London Borough of Brent has three fire stations: Park Royal, Wembley and Willesden. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. Wembley National Stadium is in the borough; on match days the fire safety of over 90,000 people falls to the London Fire Brigade. The Wembley station covers the largest area in the borough, . Two pumping appliances, a fire rescue unit and an aerial ladder platform are based there. Willesden, for its more typical area covered (), responded to over a thousand incidents in 2006/2007. Two pumping appliances reside there. Park Royal, with its one pumping appliance and an incident response unit covers .


title: London Borough of Brent

text: Like most of northwest London, Brent is served extensively by the London Underground. A total of 21 tube stations are located in Brent, all served by either the Metropolitan, Jubilee, Bakerloo or Piccadilly Lines. All of them are surface level, with the exception of Kilburn Park tube station in the southeast of the borough. This total is actually the second highest out of all London boroughs, being second only to Westminster, which has 32 stations within its boundaries. The numerous London Underground, London Overground and National Rail stations in the borough are:


title: London Borough of Brent

text: In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were (of all residents aged 16–74):


title: Togo national football team

text: The Togo national football team (French: Équipe nationale de football du Togo) represents Togo in international football and is controlled by the Togolese Football Federation. The national football team of Togo made their debut in the FIFA World Cup in 2006. Their team bus underwent a fatal attack in Angola prior to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. They withdrew and were subsequently banned from the following two tournaments by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). In 2013 for the first time in history, Togo reached the quarter-finals of the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).


title: Togo national football team

text: They made their first FIFA World Cup appearance in their history in 2006, having been coached throughout the qualifying campaign by Stephen Keshi; German coach Otto Pfister managed the team at the finals, despite having resigned three days before their first match over a players' bonuses dispute, only to be persuaded by the players to return. Prior to gaining independence in 1960, the team were known as French Togoland.


title: Togo national football team

text: Togo lost their opening game of the World Cup, despite having taken the lead against South Korea through a goal by Mohamed Kader. In the second half, Jean-Paul Abalo was sent off after 55 minutes, and goals from Lee Chun-Soo and Ahn Jung-Hwan sealed a 2–1 defeat for Togo.


title: Togo national football team

text: Togo's next opponents in Group G were Switzerland, with the match scheduled for the afternoon of 19 June. However, the Togo squad and manager Pfister threatened to refuse to fulfill the fixture and take strike action. The squad and manager had been quoted as requesting payments from the Togolese Football Federation for participating in the tournament of around €155,000 (US$192,000) with added bonuses for victories or draws. FIFA negotiated with the squad and manager on 17 June, persuading them to travel to Dortmund in time to fulfill the fixture; goals from Alexander Frei and Tranquillo Barnetta resulted in a 2–0 defeat. FIFA subsequently imposed a CHF100,000 fine on the Togolese federation for "behaviour unworthy of a participant in the World Cup."


title: Togo national football team

text: After a 2008 African Nations Cup qualifier away to Sierra Leone on 3 June 2007, 20 members of a delegation of sports officials from Togo, including Togolese Sports Minister Richard Attipoe, were killed when their helicopter exploded and crashed at Lungi International Airport. No players of the Togo national team were among the victims. The Togo players and officials of the team had been waiting to take the next helicopter flight to the island on which the airport is located.


title: Togo national football team

text: On 8 January 2010, the Togo team bus was attacked by gunmen as it travelled to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations tournament, killing three and injuring several others. The separatist group Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) claimed responsibility for the attack. Goalkeeper Kodjovi Obilale was reported dead a day after the attack. Such reports were later dismissed by his club GSI Pontivy in a press announcement, stating the player was actually undergoing surgery in South Africa.


title: Togo national football team

text: Following the bus ambush attack, the Togolese Football Federation stated that they would withdraw from the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations; despite claims that the team had since reversed the decision and would compete "to show our national colours, our values and that we are men" (as announced by Thomas Dossevi), the government later ordered that the team return home.


title: Togo national football team

text: Following the team's withdrawal, The Confederation of African Football (CAF) banned Togo from participating in the next two editions of the Cup of Nations and fined them US$50,000 because of the "decision taken by the political authorities". The CAF executive Committee considered that the Togolese team was in "forfeit notified less than twenty days before the start or during the final competition" (Art. 78 of the Regulations for the Africa Cup of Nations), rather than having withdrawn (Art. 80), and refused to consider the circumstances as "force majeure" (Art. 87). Togo's government immediately said they would sue as CAF "have no consideration for the lives of other human beings" and this is further "insulting to the family of those who lost their lives and those traumatized because of the attack". FIFA has yet to comment on the issue. Togo footballer Thomas Dossevi said "We are a group of footballers who came under fire and now we can't play football any more. They are crushing us". Togolese captain Emmanuel Adebayor described the decision as "outrageous" and said that CAF President Issa Hayatou had "completely betrayed" the Togo squad.


title: Togo national football team

text: As a result of the events, Emmanuel Adebayor announced his retirement from international football on 12 April 2010. But on 22 March 2011 Adebayor announced that he was again available for the national team.


title: Togo national football team

text: On 7 September 2010, Togo allegedly played Bahrain in a friendly losing the match 3–0. However, on 14 September, the Togo FA claimed that a fake team had played against Bahrain. Togo's Sport Minister Christophe Tchao said to the "Jeune Afrique" magazine that nobody in Togo had "ever been informed of such a game". On 20 September 2010, it was revealed that former Togo manager Bana Tchanilé was the culprit and the Togo FA have given him a three-year ban in addition to the two-year ban he got in July 2010 for taking Togo players to play a tournament in Egypt. The match fixing has been linked to Wilson Raj Perumal and the Singaporean match-fixing syndicate allegedly run by Tan Seet Eng.


title: Togo national football team

text: Togo began qualification for the 2014 World Cup on November 11, 2011, against Guinea-Bissau. They drew in the first leg 1–1. On November 15, 2011, they won the return leg 1–0. On June 3, 2012, they played Libya in Lome and drew 1–1. Shortly after on June 10, they played Congo DR at Kinshasa and lost 2–0. They resumed on March 3, 2013, and played Cameroon in Yaounde and lost 2–1. They met again on June 9 in Lome and Togo won 2–0. In the end, Togo failed to qualify for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Walter Jermaine Harris (born June 10, 1983) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional since 2011, Harris has also formerly competed for Titan FC.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Before entering mixed martial arts in 2010, Harris was a basketball player at Jacksonville State University


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris competed as an amateur from 2009–2010, compiling a record of 4–1. He made his professional debut on March 15, 2011, when he faced Justin Thornton at HEF: Hess Extreme Fighting. He won via first-round TKO, just sixteen seconds into the first round. Following this, Harris compiled a record of 6–1, with wins over Tony Melton and UFC veteran Anthony Hamilton, before signing with UFC in the fall of 2013.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: On September 19, 2013, it was announced that Harris had signed with the UFC, and he faced fellow newcomer Jared Rosholt at The Ultimate Fighter 18 Finale on November 30, 2013. Despite dropping Rosholt in the first round, Rosholt rallied back and Harris lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: In his second fight with the promotion, Harris faced Nikita Krylov at UFC on Fox 10 on January 25, 2014. Though he was the considerable favorite coming into the bout, Harris was staggered by a head kick from Krylov, and after follow-up strikes on the ground from Krylov, he lost the bout via TKO, just 25 seconds into the first round. After dropping to 0–2 in the UFC, Harris was subsequently released from the promotion.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Following his UFC release, Harris signed with Florida based promotion Titan FC. He faced D.J. Linderman at Titan FC 28 on May 16, 2014. He won the fight via first-round knockout. He was expected to face Dave Herman at Titan FC 30 on September 26, 2014. However, Harris pulled out of the bout due to a back injury and the fight was postponed.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: The bout with Herman was rescheduled and was expected to take place on December 19, 2014. However, Harris resigned with the UFC, and he was replaced by Jon Madsen.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: After Daniel Omielańczuk was forced to pull out of his bout with Soa Palelei due to a thumb injury, Harris resigned with UFC and faced Palelei at UFC Fight Night 55 on November 7, 2014. He lost the fight via second-round TKO.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris faced promotional newcomer Cody East on April 23, 2016, at UFC 197. He won the fight via TKO in the first round.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris next faced Shamil Abdurakhimov on October 1, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 96. He lost the fight via split decision.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris faced Chase Sherman on January 15, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 103. He won the fight by knockout in the second round.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris made his next appearance against Cyril Asker on June 17, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 111. He won the fight early in the first round via TKO due to a combination of elbows and punches.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris was expected to face Mark Godbeer on October 7, 2017, at UFC 216 before a fight-day injury to Derrick Lewis took him out of his scheduled fight with Fabrício Werdum. As a result, Harris moved on to face Werdum, and Godbeer was pulled from the event. Harris lost the fight via submission in the first round.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: The bout with Godbeer was quickly rescheduled and took place on November 4, 2017, at UFC 217.<ref name="Harris/Godbeer take two"></ref> Harris lost the bout by disqualification after Harris hit Godbeer with a head kick following the referee calling a time out due to a groin strike.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris faced Daniel Spitz on June 1, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 131. He won the fight via knock out in the second round.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris faced Andrei Arlovski on December 29, 2018, at UFC 232. He won the fight via split decision. It was reported on January 26, 2019, that Harris tested positive for LGD4033, and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) like ostarine, and he was temporarily suspended by California State Athletic Commission (CSAC). In February, Harris was suspended for four months and fined $4,000. The fight result was overturned to a no contest. Per the CSAC, Harris was able to prove the positive test resulted from a tainted supplement and the commission does not believe he was an intentional doper, hence the shorter suspension.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris was expected to face Alexey Oleynik on May 4, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 151. However, on April 3, 2019, it was announced that Oleinik would face Alistair Overeem at UFC Fight Night 149 after Alexander Volkov withdrew from the event. He was replaced by Sergey Spivak. Harris won the fight via TKO in the first round. This fight earned Harris his first "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: The bout between Harris and Oleynik was rescheduled and took place on July 20, 2019, at UFC on ESPN 4. Harris won the fight via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. This win earned Harris his second consecutive Performance of the Night bonus.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris was expected to face Alistair Overeem on December 7, 2019, at UFC on ESPN 7. However, Harris pulled out on November 1, 2019 due to the ongoing search for his missing step-daughter.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris was expected to face Alistair Overeem on April 11, 2020 at . The pairing was previously scheduled to headline in December 2019. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was eventually postponed. The match was rescheduled to May 16, 2020 at . Despite hurting, and almost finishing Overeem in the first round, Harris went on to lose via second-round TKO.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris faced Alexander Volkov on October 24, 2020 at UFC 254. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round two.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris was scheduled to face Tai Tuivasa on October 30, 2021 at UFC 267. However, Harris pulled out of the bout due to unknown reasons.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris ran for a city council seat in Homewood, Alabama in 2020 but finished 3rd in the race with 24 percent of the vote.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: Harris worked as a furniture mover and also worked for UPS prior to becoming an MMA fighter. Harris is married to Angela Haley-Harris, they have four children. They are currently living in Homewood, Alabama where their children attend school.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: At the end of October 2019, news surfaced that Harris's stepdaughter, Aniah Blanchard, was reported missing on October 24, 2019. Soon after, Auburn police revealed that after finding evidence from Blanchard's vehicle, they suspected foul play regarding the disappearance. Subsequently, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey set up a reward of $5,000 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the perpetrator, which was matched by an anonymous donor. Additionally, the UFC President Dana White and UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones upped the ante by contributing $25,000 per person for the information. The reward sum exceeded $100,000.


title: Walt Harris (fighter)

text: On November 6, 2019, the Auburn police department released surveillance footage from an Auburn convenience store, presenting the person suspected in the disappearance, later identified as Ibraheem Yazeed, a repeat offender. On November 8, 2019, Yazeed was captured as an out-of-state fugitive in Escambia County, Florida and was extradited to Auburn. On November 20, 2019, Yazeed was charged with first-degree kidnapping in an Alabama court, and remains in jail without bond. On November 25, 2019 an Alabama district attorney announced that they had found the remains of a girl they believe to be Aniah Blanchard in neighboring Macon County. Blanchard's remains were identified on November 27, 2019. In late November 2019, two additional suspects, Antwain Fisher and David Lee Johnson Jr., were arrested and charged with first-degree kidnapping and hindering prosecution, respectively. In December however, Fisher's charges were dropped with prejudice in Lee county. On November 28, 2019, police reports confirmed that the body found was indeed Harris's step daughter and an autopsy confirmed that Blanchard was killed by a gunshot wound. At the same time, the district attorney announced that capital murder charges were filed against Yazeed. In late 2022, Yazeed was indicted with three counts of capital murder and could face death penalty or life sentence without parole for each, should he be convicted.


title: King of Nepal

text: The King of Nepal (traditionally known as the Mahārājdhirāja i.e. Great King of Kings; it can also be translated as "Sovereign Emperor" ()) was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 to 2008. He served as the head of the Nepalese monarchy—Shah Dynasty. The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly. The subnational monarchies in Mustang, Bajhang, Salyan, and Jajarkot were abolished in October of the same year.


title: King of Nepal

text: The Kingdom of Nepal was founded on 25 September 1768 by Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkha king who succeeded in unifying the kingdoms of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur into a single state under his Shah dynasty. The Kingdom of Nepal was "de jure" an absolute monarchy for most of its history. However, from 1846 until the 1951 revolution, the country was "de facto" ruled by the hereditary prime ministers from the Rana dynasty, reducing the role of the Shah monarch to that of a figurehead. In November 1990, after the Jana Andolan movement, a new constitution was adopted and the country became a constitutional monarchy.


title: King of Nepal

text: On 13 February 1996, the Nepalese Civil War was launched by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), with the aim of overthrowing the kingdom and establishing a "People's Republic".


title: King of Nepal

text: On 1 June 2001, nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, were killed in a mass shooting at the royal residence. Crown Prince Dipendra was implicated in an official investigation. There is a huge controversy concerning this, as there was no practical investigation on that which proves his involvement. Many Nepali people believe that there might be many other people involved in the massacre. Immediately after the massacre, Dipendra was proclaimed king while in a coma, but he died on 4 June 2001, after a three-day reign. His uncle, Prince Gyanendra, was appointed regent for the three days, then ascended the throne himself after Dipendra died.


title: King of Nepal

text: On 1 February 2005, as the security situation deteriorated in the civil war, King Gyanendra staged a coup d'état, declared a state of emergency, suspended the constitution and assumed direct control over the country. On 24 April 2006, after the Loktantra Andolan movement, the king agreed to give up absolute power and to reinstate the dissolved House of Representatives. On 21 November 2006, the civil war was ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Accord. On 15 January 2007, the King was suspended from exercising his duties by the newly formed interim legislature. Finally, on 28 May 2008, the kingdom was officially abolished by the 1st Constituent Assembly and Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal was declared. The subnational monarchies in Mustang, Bajhang, Salyan, and Jajarkot were also abolished in October 2008.


title: King of Nepal

text: Prithvi Narayan Shah was the first ruler of "unified" Nepal. However, prior to 1768, the modern-day Nepal consisted of various small kingdoms, among which Shah Kings continued to rule in a few of them (notably in Gorkha). So the actual history of the Shah dynasty dates much before Prithvi Narayan Shah.


title: OneShot

text: OneShot is an adventure game developed by indie studio Future Cat and published by Degica. Based on a 2014 free version, it was released for Steam on December 8, 2016, and on itch.io on March 12, 2020. A version adapted for consoles, "OneShot: World Machine Edition", was released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on September 22, 2022.


title: OneShot

text: Officially described as a game where "the world knows you exist", both its gameplay and plot involve metafictional elements. Many puzzles involve interacting with the operating system outside of the game application. Narratively, the player is a separate character from the protagonist Niko. The latter arrive in an unfamiliar world which has been deprived of its sunlight, and eventually aim to restore it by replacing its sun, a lightbulb, at the top of a tower.


title: OneShot

text: "OneShot" received largely positive reviews, with most reviewers praising its narrative and metafictional aspects, comparing it positively to other games such as "Undertale". In 2017, the game was nominated for the "PC Game of the Year" Golden Joystick Award.


title: OneShot

text: In "OneShot", the player controls the child Niko, who is placed into an unfamiliar sunless world. The game exclusively shows Niko's viewpoint, employing a top-down perspective, while the player is a separate character, referred to by the user account they are signed into. Throughout the game, Niko can rest, causing the program to close; upon reopening, a short dream sequence is played.


title: OneShot

text: As is typical for many adventure games, gameplay is primarily composed of solving puzzles involving items; the game lacks a combat system. Items can either be used to interact with a specific location, or combined to form a new item. Throughout the game, the player encounters computers, which signal that the player has to find content outside the game, including in the file system. These can also lead to interacting with the player's operating system in other ways, which includes moving the game window off-screen and back to mimic developing film, or by gaining clues from the desktop wallpaper. Due to these concepts, the in-game instructions recommend playing in windowed mode. The version for consoles, titled "OneShot: World Machine Edition", uses a simulated operating system to allow players to interact with the game like they would with a computer.


title: OneShot

text: The game begins with Niko, a catlike child, who awakes in a dark and unfamiliar house. They interact with a computer, which addresses the player by a name derived from the computer's login name via an external dialog box. According to the machine, the world that Niko currently is in is near ruin, and the player's goal is to guide them back to their homeworld. They discover the world's sun, which is the form of a lightbulb, and use it to exit the house, emerging in a barren wasteland.


title: OneShot

text: There they encounter a robot, which tells them that they are prophesied to save the world. Niko's goal is to carry the sun through its three areas, and place it at the apex of a central tower, restoring daylight; they are currently in the "Barrens". The robot teaches Niko to communicate with the player, telling Niko that the player is a god of the game's world whose responsibility is to guide the "Messiah" Niko. Niko meets Silver, a more sentient "tamed" robot, who gifts them a piece of amber that Niko uses as a guide to the next area.


title: OneShot

text: Now in the arboreal "Glen", Niko converses with the area's residents, including the younger child Alula and older child Calamus, as well as the nature spirit Maize. After gathering materials and creating a feather pen to get past a guard robot, they then enter the urbanized third area, the "Refuge", and travel down to the city's surface with the aid of a lamplighter. Arriving at the library, they are directed to the librarian George, and get her attention with the help of researcher Kip Silverpoint. After some study, George translates a book of Niko's, a journal previously obtained back from the Barrens. It states that the tower, which is controlled by an "entity", can be accessed using three phosphoric items. This "entity" is the same voice that interacted with the player at the beginning of the game, and has limited control of the world. Niko has two such items on hand, and George gifts them the final one.


title: OneShot

text: Niko arrives at the tower, but the player is unable to speak to them anymore. The entity informs Niko that both they and the player have won, and that they will return home now. Niko sees this as anticlimactic, but complies. The player finds a mysterious note has appeared as their new desktop wallpaper, telling them how to reconnect with Niko, and the player reappears, guiding them to the top. Discovering notes made by a mysterious figure termed "the Author", they learn that the entity has grown out of control and became destructive. Once at the top, the Author informs them that they can either break the sun and return Niko home, which would destroy the world, or place the sun at the top of the tower, trapping Niko in this world. Niko leaves the decision up to the player, forming the game's endings. If the player choses to place the sun on the top of the tower, the world is depicted as now having brightness as a number of characters look up at their new sun in the credits. If the player choses to destroy the sun, Niko returns home and states that they hear a voice from outside the game's window before saying goodbye and walking offscreen. The world is also depicted as having gone monochrome with purple outlines and black backgrounds and the fate of the world characters is unknown though they are implied to be gone.


title: OneShot

text: After the completion of the game, a note appears in the user's Documents folder, allowing the player to continue via the alternate "Solstice" ending path. Initially, it is identical to the main game, aside from Niko early possessing the Author's journal from the Barrens. When Niko meets Silver in the Barrens and enter the mines, they travel to an observation room instead, and meet Proto, a more advanced prototype of the prophet robot. Proto reminds Niko of the events of the original story line, which took place before this repeat. According to them, the world is a simulation, termed the "World Machine"; this new run is a reset of the machine.


title: OneShot

text: Niko, Silver, and Proto travel to the Glen, but the latter two are crushed by a rockfall, but not before Proto gives Niko their backup memory disk. There, Niko meets Calamus and Alula again, and repairs the local mechanic Cedric's plane. Cedric says that his father was the Author, who created the World Machine to replace the previous world after its destruction. Niko and Cedric take his plane to the Refuge, and Cedric uses the backup memory disk to restore Proto, instructing Niko to find Rue, a sentient fox. Rue reveals that the World Machine is the original game's entity, and Niko's presence in the world corrupted it. Cedric and a restored Proto reappear, and alongside Niko, they enter the internals of the world machine, "taming" it and reversing its destructive behavior. Niko places the sun at the Tower and restores the world, reverting the deaths of characters, and Niko returns home. After reopening the game, the World Machine explains that without Niko, the player has no way to connect with the world, and gives an option to replay the game using Niko's recorded memories, allowing subsequent playthroughs of the game, with Niko represented by the World Machine's reflection of them.


title: OneShot

text: The game started as freeware; this version was made in a month, and released online on June 30, 2014, by creators Eliza Velasquez and Casey Gu. It was developed as an entry for RPGMakerWeb's 2014 Indie Game Maker Contest, but did not receive any accolades. Unlike the Steam release, this initial version disallowed any further attempts at the game after a single playthrough, and terminated any progress if the player closed the main window outside of save points, hence the game's title. This concept was cut as the developers deemed it too harsh for a paid, full-length product.


title: OneShot

text: According to Gu, "OneShot" was designed with an all-encompassing "dark but vibrant" theme to reflect the lack of sunlight in the setting. The areas of its world were inspired by the RGB colour model, and music for each area was only composed after its respective visual design was completed. Gu and Velasquez cited several thematic inspirations for the original game, including "Hyper Light Drifter", "", and "The Little Prince".


title: OneShot

text: In an interview with "PC Gamer", Velasquez said that the fourth-wall-breaking nature of "OneShot" was inspired by Psycho Mantis from "Metal Gear Solid". She stated that this concept of a "meta game" came first, with the game's story being based on it. Although the initial version was released before "Undertale"; she described it as an "anti-influence", in that she wanted to do a unique take on the format after it came out. After the developers had run out of ideas, some more conventional puzzles were included in the game; for instance, the element of combining items was inspired by classic adventure games such as "The Secret of Monkey Island".


title: OneShot

text: After being featured at GDC and IndieCade, the previous version's "rerelease" was made available on Steam two years later, on December 8, 2016. On March 28, 2017, a new ending that solved some mysteries about the story was released; termed "Solstice", it was partially based on old sequel ideas for the game. The game's Mac version was launched on May 31, 2018, with gameplay intended to be "as close to the Windows version as possible", and a Linux version was released on April 24, 2019. Both the Linux and the Windows versions were later released on itch.io on March 12, 2020.


title: OneShot

text: On December 8, 2021, the game's 5th anniversary, the developers announced that they were working on release for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One incorporating "new features designed for consoles". On May 11, 2022, the version for Nintendo Switch was revealed as part of Nintendo's Indie World, under the title "OneShot: World Machine Edition". Versions for all three consoles were released on September 22, 2022.


title: OneShot

text: The full version of "OneShot" received "generally favorable" reviews for Windows according to review aggregator Metacritic; while the Nintendo Switch "World Machine" version received "universal acclaim". "Rock Paper Shotgun" writer John Walker said that it was "completely charming, delightfully written, and extremely clever", and Louis Stowe of "COGConnected" described it as "a completely unexpected wonder". Charlie Nicholson of New Game Network compared it positively to "Undertale" and "Pony Island", but said that it wasn't "revolutionary".


title: OneShot

text: Multiple reviewers commended the metafictional aspects of the game. Walker claimed that "It does stuff with my PC that I didn't know games could do". Charlie Nicholson praised the way it disrupted the barrier between the player and the game, stating that he was tempted "to resort to blue-tacking [his] webcam". "Adventure Gamers" reviewer Pascal Teikala also praised these interactions, but noted that some players might dislike its interference with their computer. Stowe criticised the game's puzzle design, but conceded that his difficulties only applied to a few puzzles.


title: OneShot

text: "Hardcore Gamer" reviewer Spencer Rutledge praised the game's story, stating that "OneShot effortlessly conveys emotion". Walker stated that its cast "nearly always contain[s] a moment that will make you smile". Both Nicholson and Stowe commended the characterisation of Niko; the latter claiming that whilst playing the game, he genuinely wanted to help them. Opposingly, Nicholson claimed it did not have depth compared to other metafictional games, deeming its cast "lacking" and too distant from Niko, and Teikala thought that the alien feel of the game made it difficult to relate to. "GameGrin"'s Ben Robson criticised the full version of the game for forgoing the "one-shot" nature of the freeware version, claiming that the ability to play the game multiple times took away from its themes.


title: OneShot

text: The art direction was largely positively received. Comparing it to what he perceived as "Undertale"'s poorly-defined art style, Robson called it "clearly defined", and a good complement to the game's mysterious environment. Nicholson and Rutledge also commended the art, with the former praising the way which it reflected the solemn tone of the story. Although he found the thematic colouration was interesting, Teikala claimed the overall direction was too "modest", with many of the game's environments being unnecessarily simple.


title: OneShot

text: Rutledge stated that the game's soundtrack "almost seems like a dream at times", with the music perfectly matching each area of the game. "COGConnected"'s Stowe thought that the music made "exploring the game... a treat". Robson was more negative; though not criticising it, he stated that it failed to live up to the visuals.


title: OneShot

text: In 2017, "OneShot" was nominated for the "PC Game of the Year" category of the Golden Joystick Awards.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Aslan Kazbekovich Karatsev (, ; born 4 September 1993) is a Russian-Israeli professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ATP ranking of world No. 14 on 7 February 2022, and peaked at No. 76 in the doubles rankings on 16 May 2022.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: In February 2021, Karatsev went through qualifiers for the Australian Open. In his first main draw of a major, ranked 114th, he defeated 8th seed Diego Schwartzman, 20th seed Félix Auger-Aliassime and 18th seed Grigor Dimitrov to reach the semifinals. Karatsev is the first man in the Open Era to reach the semifinals in his Grand Slam debut.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: In March 2021, he won his first ATP title at the Qatar Open with Andrey Rublev in doubles. A week later, as a wildcard, Karatsev won his first ATP singles title at the 2021 Dubai Open, beating South African Lloyd Harris in the final. Karatsev, who was unseeded and beat four seeded players to reach the final, joined Wayne Ferreira (1995) and Thomas Muster (1997) in this achievement. As a result, he entered the top 30 of the ATP singles rankings for the first time in his career. On 24 April 2021, Karatsev defeated the world No. 1 Novak Djokovic on his home court at the Serbia Open to reach the final. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, he won the silver medal with Elena Vesnina in mixed doubles.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev was born in Vladikavkaz. His father Kazbek Karatsev is an ethnic Ossetian and former footballer, and his mother Svetlana Karatseva is a medical doctor. Aslan has an older sister named Zarina. Karatsev's grandfather on his mother's side is Jewish.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: When Karatsev was three years old he and his parents moved to Israel, making "aliyah", and they lived in Israel for the next nine years. He started playing tennis there, in Tel Aviv-Jaffa. His first coach was Vladimir Rabinovich. His mother and sister live in Holon, Israel. Karatsev speaks fluent Hebrew, and says that Israel still feels like home.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: When he was 12, he moved back to Russia, with his father, because of funding limitations in Israel. He moved to Taganrog where his new coaches were Alexander Kuprin and Ivan Potapov. From 2011 to 2013 he was coached by Andrey Kesarev.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev played his first junior match in September 2007 at the age of 14 at a grade 5 tournament in Russia. Although being his junior debut, it would be his only junior tournament until May 2009 where he started to play consistently in junior tennis. He made his junior grand slam debut at the 2011 Junior French Open after qualifying for the main draw but lost in the first round. He then participated in 2011 Junior Wimbledon with resulted in him again losing in the first round and then the 2011 Junior US Open where he won his first round match but lost in the second round. In doubles, he was known for partnering good friend Evgeny Karlovskiy in most tournaments and the pair made the quarterfinals of the 2011 Junior French Open. He ended his junior career after the 2011 US Open with a career-high ranking of No. 47 (attained on August 8, 2011) and a win–loss record of 76–48 in singles and 26–16 in doubles.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev made his ATP Tour main-draw debut at the 2013 St. Petersburg Open, where he received entry to the main draw due to a wildcard. In the first round, he lost to compatriot and second seed Mikhail Youzhny. In the doubles event, he partnered Dmitry Tursunov and they reached the semifinals, losing to Dominic Inglot and Denis Istomin in a narrow deciding tiebreaker. In 2015, he won his first main-draw match on the ATP Tour at the Kremlin Cup, defeating Youzhny.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: According to his father, Karatsev at 19 was mentored by Dmitry Tursunov who traveled with him to Halle, Germany to train there for a couple of months but returned due to a lack of money to continue. Then, the German academy itself invited Aslan to return to Halle. He trained there for two years, then got injured and could not really play for two years because of the trauma. He moved to Barcelona where he played at the Bruguera Tennis Academy for less than two years.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: After searching for better coaching opportunities in Spain and Germany, Karatsev in 2019 hired his new coach, Yahor Yatsyk from Minsk. Yatsyk, a former professional tennis player one year his senior, used to help Nikoloz Basilashvili as a coach. During the COVID-19 lockdown Karatsev played exhibition matches in the United States.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev made his Grand Slam debut at the Australian Open, after coming through qualifying by beating Brandon Nakashima, Max Purcell and Alexandre Müller. It was here that he also notched his first top-10 victory, after upsetting 8th seed and world No. 9, Diego Schwartzman. He also upset 20th seed Félix Auger-Aliassime after dropping the first two sets and coming back to win in five to become the first qualifier to reach a Grand Slam quarterfinal since Bernard Tomic at Wimbledon 2011, and the first man to reach a quarterfinal in his Grand Slam debut since Alex Rădulescu in 1996 Wimbledon. He then defeated the former No. 3 player Grigor Dimitrov in four sets to reach the semifinals.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: By doing this, Karatsev became the first qualifier to reach the semifinals of a Grand Slam since Vladimir Voltchkov in 2000 Wimbledon and the first to do so at the Australian Open since Bob Giltinan in 1977, the lowest-ranked player to reach a Grand Slam semifinal since Goran Ivanišević in 2001 Wimbledon, and the first player to reach a Grand Slam semifinal on debut in the Open Era history. There, he lost to world No. 1 and eventual champion, Novak Djokovic, in straight sets. His run at the tournament raised his ranking from 114 to a career-high of world No. 42.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev's next tournament was Doha, where he beat Mubarak Shannan Zayid in straight sets in the first round, but lost to top seed Dominic Thiem in the second round after taking the first set in a tiebreak. He entered the doubles draw with compatriot Andrey Rublev and reached the semifinals, where they defeated Jérémy Chardy and Fabrice Martin. In the final, they defeated Marcus Daniell and Philipp Oswald in straight sets. Winning the tournament raised his doubles ranking from No. 447 to a career-high of No. 222. In Dubai, he beat Egor Gerasimov, Dan Evans and Lorenzo Sonego to reach his first ATP 500 quarterfinal, where he beat Jannik Sinner in three sets to advance to his first ATP 500 semifinal. In the semifinal, Karatsev ended the 23-match winning streak of second seed Andrey Rublev at ATP 500 events to reach his first singles final. In the final, he defeated Lloyd Harris to win his first title. The win allowed Karatsev to break into the top 30 for the first time in his career. He has become the second Russian tennis player to win his maiden title at 27, a record shared with Igor Kunitsyn.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: At the Serbia Open, Karatsev avenged his loss at the Australian Open by defeating world No. 1, Novak Djokovic, to advance to the final in the longest match of 2021 thus far. He was then defeated by Matteo Berrettini in three sets.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev notched two more top-ten wins, beating Schwartzman again in Madrid, and compatriot Daniil Medvedev in Rome.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: At the French Open, Karatsev lost in men's singles to Philipp Kohlschreiber in the second round. However, he partnered with Elena Vesnina in mixed doubles, and on his debut advanced to the final, but the pair lost to Joe Salisbury and Desirae Krawczyk.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: At the Tokyo Olympics, he won the silver medal in mixed doubles with Elena Vesnina losing to compatriots Andrey Rublev and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final. He also participated in the singles and doubles events where he reached the second and lost in the first round, respectively.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: In his debut at a Masters-1000 level in doubles, Karatsev reached the quarterfinals at the National Bank Open in Toronto partnering with Dušan Lajović. As a result, he entered the top 200 in doubles at world No. 172, on 16 August 2021. In singles seeded 15th and having a first round bye, he lost in the second round to Karen Khachanov.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: At the 2021 BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, he reached the fourth round at a Master 1000 for the first time in his career defeating 9th seed Denis Shapovalov before he lost to 8th seed Hubert Hurkacz. In doubles he reached the final with compatriot Rublev where they lost to Polasek/Peers. As a result, he reached the top 100 in the doubles rankings at World No. 92 on 18 October 2021.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: At the 2021 Kremlin Cup in Moscow, Karatsev defeated compatriot Karen Khachanov in the semifinals to reach his third final of the season and in his career. He then defeated 6th seed Marin Čilić in the final to win his 2nd career title. With his successful run in Moscow, he made his debut in the top 20 in the rankings, rising to a ranking of World No. 19 on 25 October 2021.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: On 8 November 2021, Karatsev peaked at world no. 15 and was named as the third alternate for the ATP Finals.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev started his 2022 season at the Sydney Classic. As the top seed, he beat fifth seed and world No. 27, Lorenzo Sonego, in the quarterfinals. He then defeated third seed and world No. 26, Dan Evans, in the semifinals in a tight three-set match, to reach his fourth ATP singles final. He won his third ATP singles title by defeating Andy Murray in the final. Seeded 18th and last year semifinalist at the Australian Open, he lost in the third round to Adrian Mannarino in four sets.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: After the Australian Open, Karatsev competed at the Maharashtra Open in Pune, India. As the top seed, he was eliminated from the tournament in the second round by qualifier Elias Ymer. Seeded seventh at the Rotterdam Open, he was beaten in the first round by Dutch wildcard Tallon Griekspoor, despite having two match points during the match. Seeded fourth at the Open 13, he reached the quarterfinals where he lost to ninth seed Benjamin Bonzi. Seeded seventh and the defending champion at the Dubai Championships, he was defeated in the first round by Mackenzie McDonald.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev, his coach Yahor Yatsyk and fellow tennis player Nikoloz Basilashvili were involved in allegations of match fixing. Karatsev made a statement saying he was 'unaware' of the allegations.


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10, with those who are active in boldface. Only ATP Tour main draw matches are considered:


title: Aslan Karatsev

text: Karatsev has a record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.


title: Patrón

text: Patrón Tequilas, like all tequilas, are produced in Mexico from the "corazon" (heart or core) of the blue agave plant. Everything including the barrels, corks, and bottles are handcrafted at their distilleries.


title: Patrón

text: The original "Patrón Tequila" was produced by "Casa 7 Leguas", one of the oldest Mexican distilleries. St. Maarten Spirits (owners John Paul DeJoria and Martin Crowley) purchased the brand rights in 1989 and in 2002 production moved to a new distillery.


title: Patrón

text: In 2000, Ed Brown, co-founder of Patrón and former Seagram executive, took over as CEO. Following the advertising strategy of Grey Goose, Patrón presented its tequila as "premium" and signaled "taste and sophistication" through individually-numbered glass bottles. The target audience is mostly vodka drinkers in nightclubs and trendy bars. Through persistent references by country music and hip hop singers, and by Lil Jon in particular, Patrón has become a fixture of popular culture.


title: Patrón

text: In January 2018, Patrón was sold to Bacardi, the world's largest privately held spirits company, for $5.1 billion.


title: Patrón

text: Varieties include a tequila-coffee blend known as Patrón XO Cafe, a tequila-chocolate-coffee blend known as Patrón XO Cafe Dark Cocoa, and an orange liqueur known as Patrón Citrónge.