title: Fireworks (2017 film)

text: The film grossed from 133,000 admissions, from 220,000 admissions in two days and grossed a total of (US$4.2 million) within three days of the premiere across 296 theaters, ranking at No. 3. The film placed at No. 4 on the second weekend. It stayed at No. 4 on the third weekend, where it grossed from 78,000 admissions and earned a total of ¥1.1 billion. The film had grossed () in Japan. It grossed worldwide on 3 December 2017, including in China, Singapore, Malaysia and United Kingdom, and in other territories including Japan. The film grossed $11,943,229 in China, $525,280 in North America, $46,664 in Thailand and Bolivia, $191,137 in South Korea, and $91,155 in Spain and the United Kingdom, for a global total of .


title: Fireworks (2017 film)

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 43% based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 4.94/10. The site's critical consensus states ""Fireworks" seeks sparks in an ambitious blend of storytelling genres, but this misguided anime effort never truly takes flight". On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 40 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". The film received praise before it was released from several critics and journalists. Musician Koremasa Uno lauded the voice acting and said the film "doesn't feel like a work from Iwai or Hitoshi Ōne, the scriptwriter. Rather, it feels more like the anime of the studio creating it, Shaft, and its producer, Genki Kawamura." Film writer Tatsuya Masutō wrote on his Twitter account that the "expectations surrounding the film did not disappoint, and the anime could be better than the original live-action drama." He also noted that the anime is "more than just a remake" and the "90-minute run time compared to the 50-minute original helps add to the content". Kim Morrissy of Anime News Network gave the film an "B" grade and applauded the "great music and voice acting" and the "simple yet emotionally compelling plot" but criticized the film's production values and visuals that "don't really add anything to the film except to broadcast that it was made by SHAFT". Mark Schilling of "The Japan Times" gave the film a rating of 3½ out of 5 stars and praised the film's "pure-hearted love story". Mark concluded the review by writing, ""Fireworks" nails it again and again—or maybe that was just me, slipping back into long-ago dreams of the perfect girl gazing into my soul, forever out of reach."


title: Brigadeiro

text: The () is a traditional Brazilian dessert. The origin of the dessert is uncertain, but the most common theory is that it was created by a confectioner from Rio de Janeiro, Heloisa Nabuco de Oliveira, to promote the presidential candidacy of Eduardo Gomes. It is made of condensed milk, cocoa powder, butter, and chocolate sprinkles covering the outside layer.


title: Brigadeiro

text: It is a popular confection throughout the country, especially for festive events. are commonly made at home, and also found in bakeries and snack shops. A is generally shaped into small balls covered in chocolate sprinkles and placed in a small cupcake liner. The mixture may also be poured into a small container, and eaten with a spoon, and this is known as a (literally, "spoon "). can be found now in different countries as a result of Brazilian migration.


title: Brigadeiro

text: In recent years, flavor and coating variations on the traditional chocolate have become popular. This variation of flavors and easy manipulation of the original dessert lead into a trend of different recipes, such as cakes, tarts, ice cream or even bread.


title: Brigadeiro

text: The origin of the name "Brigadeiro" is linked to the presidential campaign of Brigadier Eduardo Gomes, UDN candidate for the Presidency of the Republic in 1946. Heloísa Nabuco de Oliveira, a member of a traditional "carioca" family who supported the brigadier's candidacy, created a new confection, and named it after the candidate. The "doce do brigadeiro" (lit. brigadier's candy) became popular, and the name was eventually shortened to just "brigadeiro." Women at the time would sell brigadeiro in support of the presidential candidate as it was the first national election in which women were able to vote.


title: Brigadeiro

text: Despite the support received, Eduardo Gomes was defeated, and the election was won by then General Eurico Gaspar Dutra.


title: Brigadeiro

text: In the South of Brazil, brigadeiros are most commonly known as "negrinhos", and one researcher traced its origins back to the 1920s, when condensed milk by Nestlé started being sold in Brazil.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: A piledriver is a professional wrestling driver move in which the wrestler grabs their opponent, turns them upside-down, and drops into a sitting or kneeling position, driving the opponent head-first into the mat. The technique is said to have been innovated by Wild Bill Longson.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The name is taken from a piece of construction equipment, also called a pile driver, that drives countless massive impacts on the top of a large major foundation support, burying it in the ground slowly with each impact. The "act" of performing a piledriver is called "piledriving". Someone who has recently been the victim of a piledriver is said to have been "piledriven" (e.g. "The wrestler was "piledriven" into the canvas").


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Notable wrestlers who have regularly used a piledriver during their career include Jerry Lawler, Bret Hart, Harley Race, Paul Orndorff, The Undertaker, Kane, The Brain Busters, Buddy Rogers, Minoru Suzuki, Karl Gotch, and Kazuchika Okada.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The piledriver is often seen as one of the most dangerous moves in wrestling. The reverse piledriver is directly responsible for shortening the career of Stone Cold Steve Austin when his opponent, Owen Hart, inadvertently botched the move, legitimately breaking Austin's neck. Due to this, the move is banned in the WWE with the exceptions of Kane and The Undertaker due to their experience and having already established the "Tombstone" (kneeling belly-to-belly variant) as a finisher.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The piledriver is generally considered a dangerous maneuver in wrestling because of the potential impact on the head and compression of the neck. The proper way to execute the move, in most cases, is for the wrestler performing the move to tuck the opponent's head between their legs before falling to the mat (there are variations that are performed differently, as the list below indicates). If done in this manner, the wrestler receiving the move will land with little or no contact made with the mat, and thus not run the risk of injury. If the head is not secured and is protruding from between the wrestler's legs, the wrestler receiving the move risks serious injury and potential paralysis, as they will likely land with the entire weight of their body on the top of their head. Perhaps the most famous example of an injury from an improperly performed piledriver came at the 1997 WWF SummerSlam event. In a match between Owen Hart and Stone Cold Steve Austin, Hart was to perform a sitout reverse piledriver on Austin, who later said that he was not sure if the move was a good idea to perform, as he was unsure if his head could properly be protected. As Austin had feared, Hart botched the move and dropped Austin on top of his head. The impact jammed Austin's neck and left him temporarily paralyzed. He continued and finished the match, but stayed away from the ring for two months to recover from the injury. The physical demands of Austin's standing as one of the top stars in the WWF did not allow much downtime for him to rest and take care of the injury, and as his career progressed, the damage got worse. Austin underwent surgery on his neck in 1999, but it never fully healed. By 2002, Austin's doctors told him that he risked permanent disability if he did not retire, and he finally did so in April 2003.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The piledriver was banned in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now known as the WWE) in 2000, unless the wrestler has special permission to use the move. In a discussion in 2007, Stephanie McMahon said that only two wrestlers were allowed to use the move, "two of the stronger guys", Undertaker and Kane. In fact, The Undertaker's tombstone piledriver continued to be his finishing move until his retirement in late 2020. The piledriver is also banned in many other promotions and certain cities. It is also considered an automatic disqualification in professional wrestling matches held in Tennessee, as the move is banned in that state. In some promotions in the United Kingdom, the move can result in not only a disqualification, but also a fine. In Mexico, the piledriver (called a "martinete") is an automatic disqualification.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Because of the dangers of the piledriver, it is classed as a foul and is illegal in mixed martial arts under the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Any double-team move in which one wrestler helps another to perform a piledriver on an opponent by pushing down on the opponent's legs for more impact. In a variation of the move, the second wrestler jumps off the turnbuckle while pushing the opponent's feet downward for even more damage; this is well known as a "spike piledriver" (not to be confused with a one-man spike piledriver).


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The move is executed from an Argentine backbreaker rack (face up, with the neck and one leg cradled) position. The wrestler pushes the opponent forward while holding the opponent's leg with one arm, and the head with the other arm, and then sits down, driving the opponent head first down to the floor. Super Dragon used this move throughout his career, calling it the "Psycho Driver". He also has a cutthroat version (draping one of the opponent's arm across their neck, similarly to the setup of a Cobra Clutch) called "Psycho Driver III".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The user approaches an opponent from behind and grasps his torso with his legs, similar to a bodyscissors. The user then shifts their weight to suddenly roll backward until they are prone, pulling the opponent behind them so that their neck hits the ground in a fluid motion. An aerial version of this technique was innovated by Manami Toyota as the "Victory Star Drop." Due to the high danger of this movement, it is not very common to see.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler bends forward or crouches in front of their opponent, grabs hold of the opponent around the legs and stands up, lifting the opponent upside down facing the wrestler's back. The wrestler then either sits down or drops onto their knees, driving the opponent's head down to the mat. It was invented by Takao Omori as the "Axe Guillotine Driver". Hangman Page would executed the move in a kneeling position called the "Rite of Passage"/"Dead Eye", while Orange Cassidy does a sitout position called the "Beach Break".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: A variation on this, sometimes known as the sunset driver, sees the attacking wrestler hook the opponent's legs underneath their arms while holding the opponent up in the back to belly position. From here, the wrestler drops to their knees, driving the opponent's head into the mat. This move will often see the attacking wrestler hold the move after landing for a rana style pinfall attempt. Trent Beretta calls it the "Crunchie".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: This move begins with the wrestler facing the opponent. From there, the wrestler will pick up the opponent and place them over their shoulder so that the opponent's head is dangling over the wrestler's back by the waist of the wrestler. The wrestler then holds the opponent in place by holding their leg with one arm and applies a headlock to the opponent with their other arm, bending the opponent across the attacker's back. The wrestler then drops to a seated position, driving the head and upper back of the opponent into the ground. This move was innovated by Mariko Yoshida, who named the move the "Air Raid Crash", and was popularized by Fit Finlay, who dubbed it the "Celtic Cross", Cima, who uses it as the "Schwein", Nova, who called it "Kryptonite Krunch," Sheamus who dubs the move "White Noise", Tommaso Ciampa uses the move calling it "Air Raid Crash", and Taichi as "Black Mephisto". A common variation was popularized by Hiromu Takahashi, where he puts his opponents into a Fireman's Carry, before Swinging his opponents into the over-the-shoulder back-to-belly Piledriver, calling it the "Time Bomb".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Another variation of the move called the "Air Raid Crash Neckbreaker" or "Reverse Neckbreaker" has the wrestler performing the move drop the opponent's head on their knee rather than the ground. Frequently used by Kazuchika Okada, Colt Cabana and Toni Storm.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The user of this move first starts by putting the opponent into a pumphandle position, then lifting them into the air perpendicular to the ground and upside down, rotating them so that their back is against the chest. The user then proceeds to fall to a seated position, while dropping the opponent onto their head, neck, and/or shoulders. This move was popularized by Super Dragon, who called it "Psycho Driver II".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a Texas, Sit-out, or traditional piledriver, this is the classic and original piledriver technique. From a position in which the opponent is bent forward and the opponent's head is tucked between the attackers thighs in a standing headscissors, the wrestler grabs around the opponent's midsection and lifts so that the opponent is held upside down facing in the same direction as the wrestler, the wrestler then drops to a sitting position with the opponent's head falling between the wrestler's thighs down to the mat.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: A variation of the piledriver where instead of dropping to a sitting position as in the basic belly-to-back piledriver, the wrestler drops to a kneeling position.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The cradle piledriver is a variation of standard piledrivers which sees the attacking wrestler grapevine the opponents leg with their arm. The most common of which is similar to a Texas piledriver. This move sees the attacking wrestler, from a position in which the opponent is bent forward against the wrestler's midsection, reach around the opponent's midsection and lifting them so that they are held upside down facing in the same direction as the wrestler, the wrestler then hooks their arms around one leg of the opponent before dropping to a sitting or kneeling position with the opponent's head falling between the wrestler's thighs down to the mat. It was invented by Karl Gotch, known as the "Gotch-Style Piledriver" and is commonly used by NJPW wrestler Minoru Suzuki (Gotch's protege) and Jerry Lynn.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: This variant can be used on other types of piledrivers, including the cradle tombstone piledriver variation: instead of wrapping both of their arms around the opponent's waist, the wrestler wraps one arm around the waist and places their other arm between the opponent's legs, grabbing hold of their other arm. The wrestler then drops down on their knees, driving the opponent down to the mat head-first. This Variation is used by Hiroyoshi Tenzan as the "Original TTD (Original Tenzan Tombstone Driver)" and he also uses a Sitout Variation called the "TTD (Tenzan Tombstone Driver)". Kenny Omega also used the move as Signature Maneuver.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: From a position in which the opponent is bent forward against the wrestler's midsection, the attacking wrestler crosses the arms of the opponent between their legs (a double pumphandle) before then lifting the opponent up into a vertical position and driving them down between the attacking wrestler's legs. It is used by SHO as the "Shock Arrow."


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as butterfly piledriver and the "Tiger Driver '98". In this piledriver, a wrestler will bend their opponent forward, placing the opponent's head between the wrestler's legs, and hooks each of the opponent's arms behind the opponent's back. They then pull back on the opponent's arms lifting them up so that the opponent is held upside down facing in the same direction as the wrestler, the wrestler then drops to a sitting or kneeling position dropping the opponent's head into the mat. The namesake of the move is a tribute to Mitsuharu Misawa, as it's a hybrid of a Tiger Driver and the Tiger Driver '91 (Misawa's innovated and seldom used big match finisher; a double underhook into a kneeling-release neck-first powerbomb). The Tiger Driver '98 is currently used by ROH legend Jay Briscoe as the "Jay-Driller" and IMPACT wreslter Josh Alexander as the "C4 Spike". AEW commentator Excalibur previously used this in his wrestling career. In a kneeling position, this move was innovated by Jaguar Yokota.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as the vertebreaker and the Kudo Driver, this move is executed from a position in which the opponent is standing behind the wrestler, the wrestler underhooks their arms under the opponent's arms. Then the wrestler twists their body around so that the wrestler is facing the ground and the opponent is standing with their back resting against the wrestler's back. Then the wrestler stands while the opponent is in an upside down position while both the opponent and the wrestler's arms are still hooked. The wrestler then drops to a sitting position. Another way to get the opponent into the position is to approach a standing opponent from behind, hook the opponent's arms, bend forward under the opponent, and then rise up, raising the opponent upside down. The move was invented by Megumi Kudo, dubbing it the "Kudome Valentine", and is used by various wrestlers such as Homicide, Cheerleader Melissa, Shane Helms, Ryusuke Taguchi and Cody Rhodes.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: This technique is extremely dangerous, possibly one of the most dangerous maneuvers in professional wrestling, as the opponent's arms are restrained and their head is not placed between the wrestler's legs, giving them little to post against. It was banned by WWE in April 2003, except for in cases where the wrestler received special permission to use the move.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The move, made famous by Petey Williams, also referred to as the "Canadian Destroyer", "Destroyer", or a sunset flip piledriver, begins in a position in which the opponent is bent forward against the wrestler's midsection. The wrestler then grabs around the opponent's midsection latching onto the opponent's back, with their head to one side of the opponent's hips or between their legs, keeping their legs around the opponent's head. From this position the wrestler pushes off the mat with their legs to flip the opponent over. As both wrestlers flip, the attacking wrestler uses their body weight to land in a seated position driving the opponent's head down to the mat between the wrestler's thighs. Rey Mysterio occasionally uses the move, Bad Bunny used this move during WrestleMania 37. A double underhook variation exists in which the arms of a bent over opponent are placed in a butterfly prior to performing the flip. There is a diving variation, Adam Cole uses this move calling it the "Panama Sunrise".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: According to Petey Williams, the move was suggested to him in 2003 while travelling to an IWA Mid-South show along with Chris Sabin and Truth Martini. Williams and Sabin originally planned to use the move in their match together but decided against it. The next month, Williams debuted the move in a match against Matt Sydal. It was not until 2004, when he debuted for TNA, when he learned that TNA star Amazing Red had performed the move since the 1990s.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a spike piledriver or stiff piledriver and is performed in the same way as a basic piledriver, however the wrestler will jump in the air before dropping down to the sitting position for more impact. This move was used as the finisher of the late WWE Hall of Famer Paul Orndorff.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: A package piledriver is almost the same as a basic belly-to-back piledriver, but instead of grabbing the waist of the opponent, the wrestler puts their arms underneath the opponent's arms and grabs their legs by the knees. The wrestler then stands up, lifting the opponent until they are upside down, and drops to a sitting position with the opponent's head between their thighs. A version of this move also exist that can be performed without underhooking the arms of the opponent.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: There is also an inverted version of the move in which an attacking wrestler reaches between an opponent's legs with one arm and reaches around that opponent's back from the same side with their other arm before lifting their opponent upside down into a belly-to-belly position. The attacker then grabs the opponent's legs by the knees, jumps up, then drops to a sitting position with the opponent's head between their thighs. Aja Kong innovated the move. This move was popularized by Kevin Steen during his time on the independent circuit. It is used by Chase Owens as "Package Driver." Another notable user is Shane Taylor. Pentagón Jr. uses the package piledriver as the "Fear Factor".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a stump piledriver and Cactus Driver (after Cactus Jack, one of Mick Foley's alter egos), this is a variation of piledriver where, instead of wrapping their arms around the opponent's waist, a wrestler grabs onto the back of the waistband of an opponent's tights to lift them upside down before dropping into a sitting position. Mick Foley was famous for have used this move which he called the "Stump Puller".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Also known as a belly-to-belly piledriver, a wrestler faces an opponent and grabs the opponent's waist and turns them upside-down, holding them belly-to-belly against their torso. The wrestler then jumps up and drops down to a sitting position, driving the opponent's head down to the mat between the wrestler's thighs. This move is being used as a finisher by WALTER/Gunther.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler may also place the opponent over their shoulder and fall to a seated position, driving the opponent's head to the mat between their thighs. This move is often known by the name Fire Thunder, or Fire Thunder Driver as named by Mr. Gannosuke. Bam Bam Bigelow and Rikishi used this move as a signature move, calling it the "Greetings from Asbury Park" and the "Rikishi Driver" respectively. AEW wrestler Rey Fénix also uses this move as a finisher calling it the "Fénix Driver/Fire Driver/Fire Thunder Driver" which sees him sometimes transition into the move from a reverse suplex lift or fireman's carry.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler first stands facing an opponent and places their stronger arm between the opponent's legs and their weaker arm on the opponent's opposite shoulder. The wrestler then lifts the opponent onto their stronger shoulder, turning them upside-down, similar to a scoop slam lift. The opponent is then lowered while being held so that the opponent's head is hanging between the standing wrestler's knees. The wrestler then falls or jumps to their knees, driving the opponent's head into the mat. The move was innovated by Karl Gotch, but the move was first utilized by Andre The Giant in the 1970s, before it was popularized by The Undertaker who called it "Tombstone Piledriver" or simply "Tombstone" and was later used by his (kayfabe) brother Kane with the same name "Tombstone Piledriver" or simply "Tombstone" . Other famous practitioners include Dynamite Kid, Satoru Sayama, Don Muraco, Matt Riddle "(during his independent circuit wrestling)" and Kazuchika Okada. Santos Escobar used this move in his cruiserweight title defenses as the "Thrill Of The Kill". An over the shoulder of the version of this move also exists and was used by The Undertaker early in his career.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: This variation sees an attacking wrestler first lock an opponent in the pumphandle hold before then using the hold to raise the opponent up over the shoulder of the attacking wrestler. From here the attacking wrestler brings the opponent down into the belly-to-belly position before then sitting down for a reverse piledriver with the opponent's head impacting the mat between the legs of the attacking wrestler. CM Punk used this during the indies as the "Punk-Handle Piledriver".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: This version sees an attacking wrestler place the opponent on an elevated surface, usually the ropes/turnbuckle/ring apron, while the opponent is bent forward against the wrestler's midsection. The attacking wrestler next draws the opponent away from the elevated surface leaving the opponent's waist over the elevated surface (i.e. ring ropes), making them the only thing other than the wrestler keeping the opponent off the ground. The attacking wrestler then grabs the top rope while pushes off the mat with their legs simultaneously like a see-saw so that the opponent is forced to dive forward onto his/her head with extra force due to the height of which they were dropped. Popularized by MJF as the "Heat Seeker".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Facing the opponent, the wrestler reaches between the opponent's legs with their right arm and reaches around the opponent's neck from the same side with their left arm. They then lift the opponent up on their chest so that they are facing downwards. The wrestler then moves their left arm from around the opponent's neck to around the opponent's torso. They then turn the opponent so that they are upside down on one side of the wrestler. The wrestler then jumps up and falls down to a sitting position, driving the opponent down to the mat neck and shoulder first. The move was popularized by Hayabusa, who called it "H Thunder".


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Facing their opponent, the wrestler reaches between the opponent's legs with their right arm and reaches around the opponent's neck from the same side with their left arm. They then lift the opponent up and turn them around so that they are held upside down, as in a scoop slam. The wrestler then drops down to their knees, driving the opponent down to the mat neck and shoulder first. There is also a seated version of this move. It was innovated by Taka Michinoku and used by Tennile Dashwood, Nick Aldis, and more.


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: The wrestler applies a front facelock to the opponent and hooks the opponent's near arm over their shoulder and lifts them into a vertical suplex position. They then turn the opponent 180°, force the opponent into the reverse piledriver position, then drop to a sitting position, dropping the opponent on their head. This move was first used by Jushin Thunder Liger on Ultimo Dragon, then the move became popular through use by Scott Steiner, who called it the "Steiner Screwdriver". AEW wrestler Brian Cage currently used the move as the "Drill Claw". Tomohiro Ishii briefly used the move in 2013 as the "Ishii Driller." Naomichi Marufuji invented a fisherman suplex variation called "Pole Shift."


title: Piledriver (professional wrestling)

text: Similar to the wheelbarrow facebuster but instead of dropping their opponent face first, they drop their opponent so that the opponent lands on their upper back and neck between the legs of the wrestler, facing towards them usually resulting in a pin.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: Charmaine Sheh Sze-man (; born 28 May 1975) is a Hong Kong actress. After winning second runner-up in the 1997 Miss Hong Kong pageant, Sheh signed a contract with TVB in 1998. She is best known for her roles in "Return of the Cuckoo" (2000), "War and Beauty" (2004), "Maidens' Vow" (2006), "Forensic Heroes II" (2008), "Beyond the Realm of Conscience" (2009), "Can't Buy Me Love" (2010), "When Heaven Burns" (2011), "Line Walker" (2014), and "Story of Yanxi Palace" (2018).


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: Sheh graduated in 1994 from the International Hotel Management Institute Switzerland in Lucerne, Switzerland, with a diploma in hotel management. In October 1997, she signed with Hong Kong television network TVB after emerging as second runner-up in the 1997 Miss Hong Kong Pageant. The early stage of her career was often characterised by her coy, squeaky voice and criticisms of her acting skills. However, Sheh overcame these problems and made her breakthrough in "Return of the Cuckoo" in 2000, co-starring with Nancy Sit, Julian Cheung and Steven Ma.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: In 2006, Sheh became the first TVB actress to win two major awards at the same TVB Anniversary Awards ceremony, clinching the Best Actress Award and My Favourite Female TV Character for her performance in "Maidens' Vow".


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: Sheh also won the Top Four Actresses Award with Ruby Lin, Zhao Wei and Liu Yifei. Sheh was the first Hong Kong television actress to be shortlisted for the semi-finals of the Best Actress category at the 35th International Emmy Awards in 2007. In 2011 she was awarded Best Actress at the Asian Television Awards for her performance in Can't Buy Me Love.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: After 14 years, Sheh left TVB to develop her acting career in China and returned in 2014 for a two-year contract with TVBC, a joint venture between TVB and China Media Capital (CMC) and Shanghai Media Group (SMG).


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: Sheh returned to the small screen in 2014, playing the undercover cop Ting Siu Ka (丁小嘉) in "Line Walker", earning critical acclaim. Her on-screen partnership with Raymond Lam was also favoured by viewers. She received eleven awards with her role in "Line Walker", including Best Actress and Favourite TV Character at TVB 48th Anniversary Awards, TVB Star Awards Malaysia 2014 and Singapore StarHub TVB Awards 2014, which broke the record of receiving the most awards with a single role in TVB.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: Sheh is the third actress to win Best Actress twice (tied with Liza Wang and Sheren Tang) and her third time to win "My Favourite Female Character" at the TVB Anniversary Awards.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: In 2018, Sheh was highly praise for her profound portrayal of Hoifa-Nara Shushen (嫻妃) in the Chinese period drama "Story of Yanxi Palace". For this role, she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 24th Huading Awards and garnered international fame.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: She gained some controversy in 2019 when she was seen liking a post on Instagram related to the support of the 2019 Hong Kong protests. This garnered extreme backlash from Chinese citizens calling for her to be banned from the Chinese entertainment industry but she was quick to retract the like and publicly stated that she did not know the context of the photo thinking it was just a nice photograph taken by a known photographer and was extremely shocked when she found out. The statement in turn angered some Hong Kong citizens.


title: Charmaine Sheh

text: In 2020, Sheh starred in "Winter Begonia" as the wife of Cheng Fengtai. Sheh portrays Xiao Hunian in the 2020 drama series "The Legend of Xiao Chuo."


title: Max Fried

text: Max Dorian Fried ( ; born January 18, 1994), nicknamed "Maximus", is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). Drafted in 2012 by the San Diego Padres in the first round, seventh overall, Fried made his major league debut in 2017. His 17 wins in 2019 were 2nd-most in the National League, and his seven wins in 2020 were again 2nd-most in the NL. Through 2021, Fried was second in win–loss percentage of Braves career leaders, at .690. Fried pitched 6 shut-out innings in the final game of the 2021 World Series against the Houston Astros, helping lead the Braves to their first World Series title in 26 years.


title: Max Fried

text: In 2020, Fried won the NL Gold Glove Award at pitcher and the Fielding Bible Award at pitcher. In 2021, he won the Gold Glove Award again, as well as the Silver Slugger Award for pitchers, becoming the third pitcher in MLB history to win both awards in the same year. He was also named to the All-MLB Team those two years. In 2022 he was named an All Star, and won his third consecutive Gold Glove Award at pitcher.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was born and grew up in Santa Monica, California, the middle son of Carrie and Jonathan Fried, and is Jewish. His younger brother Jake, also a pitcher, attended the University of Arizona. Max began attending the Reggie Smith Baseball Academy in Encino, California, at the age of seven, and learned how to throw a curveball from the retired outfielder. Fried pitched for the 2009 Maccabiah Games Team USA Juniors baseball team that won a gold medal in Israel.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried first attended Montclair College Preparatory School, in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, where he played baseball, football, and basketball. As a sophomore, with Ethan Katz as his pitching coach, he was 10–3 with a 1.81 earned run average (ERA), and was named the Olympic League MVP and to the All-California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) Division V first team. In his junior year Fried was 7–3 with a 1.31 ERA, with 100 strikeouts in 69 innings, as he also played outfield and batted .360 with four home runs and 30 RBIs. He was named the 2011 Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame Male High School Athlete of the Year.


title: Max Fried

text: After Montclair Prep cut its baseball team subsequent to his junior year, Fried then transferred to Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles, where he wore uniform number 32 in honor of Sandy Koufax and played with fellow future MLB pitchers Lucas Giolito and Jack Flaherty. In 2012, his senior year, Fried was 8–2 with a 2.02 ERA, and 105 strikeouts in 66 innings. He was a 2012 Rawlings-Perfect Game 1st Team All-American.


title: Max Fried

text: The San Diego Padres selected Fried in the first round with the seventh overall selection of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. Fried chose to sign with the Padres for $3 million despite his commitment to the UCLA Bruins baseball team. "Baseball America" rated him the top left-hander available in the draft.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried made his professional debut for the Arizona League Padres in 2012 and spent the whole season there, going 0–1 with a 3.57 ERA in 17.2 innings pitched. He played for the Fort Wayne TinCaps in 2013 where he compiled a 6–7 record and 3.49 ERA in 23 starts. At the end of the year, Fried was ranked the 43rd-best prospect in the minors by MLBPipeline. He was also named an MiLB.com Padres Organization All Star, and "Baseball America" ranked his curveball as the best in the Padres' minor league system.


title: Max Fried

text: In 2014, he was ranked the Padres' top pitching prospect, and their No. 2 prospect overall, by MLB.com. Fried was injured for much of the year and did not make his season debut until July. The next month, on August 20, Fried underwent Tommy John surgery; he missed the remainder of the 2014 season.


title: Max Fried

text: On December 19, 2014, the Padres traded Fried, Jace Peterson, Dustin Peterson, and Mallex Smith to the Atlanta Braves in exchange for Justin Upton and Aaron Northcraft. Fried missed the entire 2015 season while recovering from Tommy John surgery.


title: Max Fried

text: He returned to action on April 9, 2016, for the Rome Braves. Fried spent all of 2016 with Rome, pitching to an 8–7 record and 3.93 ERA in 21 games (20 starts), striking out 112 batters in 103.0 innings. Fried ended the season ranked by "Baseball America" as the 6th-best prospect in the South Atlantic League. His fastball, clocked at 93–94 mph, reached 96–97 mph in the second half of the season. The Braves added Fried to their 40-man roster after the season.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was invited to spring training for the first time at the start of the 2017 season. Fried began the season at the Class AA level with the Mississippi Braves. He was ranked as the Braves' No. 8 prospect overall by MLB.com in May, and the #89 prospect in minor league baseball in July. Fried was named Southern League Pitcher of the Week for the week ending April 30.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was called up to the Atlanta Braves on August 5, 2017. He debuted on August 8, throwing two scoreless innings against the Philadelphia Phillies, displaying what David O'Brien of "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution" called "a devastating curveball". Two weeks later, Fried returned to the minor leagues, joining the AAA Gwinnett Braves. In 26 innings pitched for the Braves for the season, he was 1–1 with a 3.81 ERA.


title: Max Fried

text: At the end of the 2017 season, Fried joined the Peoria Javelinas of the Arizona Fall League, for whom he was named league Player of the Week on October 31. He led the league with 32 strikeouts in 26 innings (3rd in the league), and was 3–1 with a 1.73 ERA (6th in the league) in six starts. He ranked first among starters with a .163 opponents' average, was second in fewest-baserunners-allowed-per-nine-innings (7.96), and was named to the AFL's Top Prospects Team. "Baseball America" rated him # 3 on the AFL Hot Sheet. In December, Braves manager Brian Snitker said that he might look at Fried, Lucas Sims, or another pitcher as the team's fifth starter in 2018.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried began the 2018 season with the AA Mississippi Braves. After one game, he joined the Gwinnett Stripers. He was called up to Atlanta in April. In 33.2 innings pitched for the Braves in the 2018 regular season, he was 1–4 with 44 strikeouts and a 2.94 ERA. With runners in scoring position he kept batters to one hit in 30 at bats (.033); with RISP and two outs, opposing batters were 0-for-14 with eight strikeouts.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was placed in the bullpen at the start of the 2019 season, and later moved to the starting rotation. In a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers on May 7, Fried was hit on his left hand by a batted ball from Alex Verdugo and left the game, but he made his next regularly scheduled start.


title: Max Fried

text: In 2019 Fried was 17–6 with a 4.02 ERA, as in 33 games (30 starts) he pitched 165.2 innings in which he struck out 173 batters. His 17 wins were 2nd in the National League, and his .739 won-loss percentage was 5th in the league. He induced the second-lowest percentage of fly balls (22.2%), and the third-highest percentage of ground balls (53.6%), of all NL pitchers, and threw his curveball 24.6% of the time (6th in the league). His 9.398 strikeouts/9 IP were the 5th-highest in a single season of any Braves pitcher in history.


title: Max Fried

text: On defense, he led all NL pitchers in assists with 34, and had the 2nd-best range factor/9 innings pitched of 2.23. He had a 6 Defensive Runs Saved (DRS) rating, the best in the major leagues among pitchers. Fried also batted .196 (9th among NL pitchers)/.262 (6th)/.268 (10th), and led all NL pitchers with at least 50 plate appearances in runs (11) and BB/SO ratio (0.31), while having the 2nd-lowest swinging strike percentage (7.1%), 3rd in contact percentage (81.6%), and tying for 3rd in walks (5).


title: Max Fried

text: Going into 2020, Freddie Freeman predicted that Fried would be: "phenomenal, better than last year." During the season Fried developed into the ace starting pitcher for the Braves.


title: Max Fried

text: His four pickoffs through September 6 were the most in the majors in 2020, and he needed only 12 pickoff attempts to do so. Since his major league debut in 2017, Fried's 14 pickoffs were the most in the majors, and he was successful on 19% of his attempts. In that same time-span, pitchers in all of baseball had been successful in picking off runners in only 0.017% of attempts.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried started the season by becoming the first left-handed pitcher to not allow any home runs through eight starts, with his team winning every game, since Babe Ruth in 1917.


title: Max Fried

text: In the pandemic-shortened 2020 regular season, Fried was a perfect 7–0 with a 2.25 ERA and a 1.09 WHIP. He led the major leagues in won-loss percentage (1.000) and pickoffs (4), led the National League in WAR for pitchers (2.9), was 2nd in the NL in Wins Above Replacement-all behind Mookie Betts, and tied for 2nd in the NL in wins. He held batters to an average exit velocity on batted balls of 83.4 mph, and hard-hit balls to 23.8%, both among the lowest 2% of all major league pitchers.


title: Max Fried

text: On defense, Fried led all major league pitchers in assists for the second consecutive season (with 15), tied for the MLB lead in pickoffs (with 4; with his 9 in 2019–20 he was tops in major league baseball), and led all pitchers with five Defensive Runs Saved.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried won the 2020 NL Gold Glove Award at pitcher. He became the fourth Braves pitcher to win the award, joining Mike Hampton, Greg Maddux, and Phil Niekro, and the first Braves player to win the award for a pitcher in 17 years.


title: Max Fried

text: He also won the 2020 Fielding Bible Award at pitcher. The award honors the top fielder in the Major Leagues at pitcher. He came in fifth in voting for the 2020 NL Cy Young Award.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was the Braves' 2021 Opening Day starting pitcher. His first career complete game shutout was a Maddux, pitched against the Baltimore Orioles on August 20, 2021. Fried threw a second Maddux on September 24, while facing the San Diego Padres. His 1.76 ERA and 0.84 WHIP in the second half of the season were the best in the major leagues. He was named the National League Pitcher of the Month for September, after posting a 1.54 ERA.


title: Max Fried

text: In the 2021 regular season, Fried was 14–7 with a 3.04 ERA (9th in the National League), and his 14 wins were 5th in the NL. In 28 starts he threw 2 shutouts (leading the league), as in 165.2 innings he averaged 7.5 hits, 0.8 home runs (3rd), and 2.2 walks per 9 innings, for a 1.087 WHIP. His 8.584 strikeouts/9 innings were the 11th-most in Braves history. His 51.8% ground ball percentage was 3rd-highest in the NL, and he induced softly hit balls 20.0% of the time (5th).


title: Max Fried

text: As a batter, he hit .273/.322/.327. His batting average and on-base percentage led all pitchers, while his slugging percentage ranked second. He scored 7 runs (2nd), hit three doubles (2nd), and drove in 5 RBIs (6th) in 55 at bats, had the second-highest exit velocity of all pitchers (90.3 mph), had 8 sacrifice hits (8th of all players), and was called upon to pinch hit four times. On July 4, 2021, he had a pinch-hit, walk-off, single against the Miami Marlins.


title: Max Fried

text: On defense, Fried led the league in range factor/game as a pitcher (1.61), in assists as a pitcher for the third consecutive season (37), and in Defensive Runs Saved for the third season in a row (6). For the second consecutive season he tied for the major league lead in pickoffs (6).


title: Max Fried

text: In the three years in which Fried was a starter, from 2019 to 2021, he led all National League pitchers in wins (38), was tied for the lead in shutouts (2), was 2nd in the vertical movement of his curveball (−11.6 inches; batters hit .183/.218/.294 against it), and had the third-lowest barrels percentage in balls hit against him (5.0%). In those three years on offense he led NL pitchers in runs (18), doubles (7), on base percentage (.292), and WAR (1.3), was 2nd-lowest in strikeout percentage (25.8%), and third in batting average (.234), slugging percentage (.297), OPS (.589), and walks (9). In those three years on defense he led all NL pitchers in assists (86).


title: Max Fried

text: Fried won the final game of the 2021 World Series with six shutout innings against the Astros, who had led the majors in batting average and runs for the season, with Houston's three-time batting champion José Altuve observing: "He was almost unhittable."


title: Max Fried

text: Fried won the 2021 NL Gold Glove Award at pitcher, winning the award for the second year in a row. He became the third Braves pitcher to win multiple Gold Glove Awards, joining Greg Maddux and Phil Niekro. Major League managers and coaches (voting only within their league, and unable to vote for players on their own team), account for 75% of the selection process, while the other 25 percent is a sabermetric component.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried also won the 2021 NL Silver Slugger Award for pitchers. The award was given to the top offensive player at pitcher in the NL, as determined by a vote by the manager and three coaches of each MLB team (and no manager/coach can vote for a player on his own team). Fried became the third MLB pitcher in history to win both the Silver Slugger Award and the Gold Glove Award in the same season, joining Mike Hampton (2003) and Zack Greinke (2019). Fried was the final recipient of the Silver Slugger Award for pitchers, as the National League permanently implemented the designated hitter in 2022.


title: Max Fried

text: He was named a starter on the 2021 All-MLB Second Team, earning his second consecutive All-MLB selection.


title: Max Fried

text: Through 2021, of the Braves career leaders, Fried was second in win–loss percentage (.690; behind Russ Ortiz and ahead of Greg Maddux).


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was named to his second straight Opening Day start in 2022. Fried's salary for the 2022 season was set at $6.85 million via arbitration. He was named to the 2022 Major League Baseball All-Star Game roster at midseason.


title: Max Fried

text: For the season, Fried was 14-7 with a 2.48 ERA (3rd in the NL), in 30 starts in which he pitched 185.1 innings with 170 strikeouts. He gave up the lowest percentage of hard-hit balls in the NL (24.5%) and had the lowest barrel-percentage against (4.0%), was 2nd in fewest walks/9 innings (1.55), 3rd in strikeouts/walk (5.31) and fewest home runs/9 innings (0.58), 4th in ground ball percentage (51.2%), and tied for 5th in highest LOB (78.2%). His curveball had the highest vertical movement of those of all NL pitchers, the exit velocity of balls hit against him (86.2 mph) was the third-lowest in the NL, and batters swung at his pitches outside the strike zone 36.8% of the time, the fourth-highest rate in the NL.


title: Max Fried

text: In the four seasons from 2019 to 2022, he had the lowest barrel-percentage against (4.6%) of all major league pitchers, and his 52 wins were second in the major leagues only to the 56 wins of pitcher Gerrit Cole. On defense, opponents have become hesitant to run on him. Since his major league debut in 2017, his 23 pickoffs lead major league baseball, with him having picked the runner off in 14.29% of his career pickoff attempts, a much higher percentage than the major league average of 1.6%.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried was named the 2022 NL Gold Glove Award winner at pitcher, his third straight Gold Glove Award. He became the first Braves pitcher since Greg Maddux to win three straight Gold Glove Awards. The only other pitchers who have won the award three times in a row have been Harvey Haddix, Bobby Shantz, Bob Gibson, Phil Niekro, and Zack Greinke. Fried finished second in the voting for the 2022 NL Cy Young Award. It was the second time in three years he finished in the top five in Cy Young Award voting, as he had finished fifth in 2020. At the end of the 2022 season, Fried was selected to his third consecutive All-MLB team.


title: Max Fried

text: Fried throws a 94–96 mph four-seam fastball. He also throws two types of a 74 mph "plus" curveball (which he patterned after that of Sandy Koufax), an 84 mph slider (since 2019), a 93 mph sinker, and an 84 mph change-up, with the curveball resulting in the lowest batting average in 2021 (.160).


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: Peter Anton Orlovsky (July 8, 1933 – May 30, 2010) was an American poet and actor. He was the long-time partner of Allen Ginsberg.


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: Orlovsky was born in the Lower East Side of New York City, the son of Katherine (née Schwarten) and Oleg Orlovsky, a Russian immigrant. He was raised in poverty and was forced to drop out of Newtown High School in his senior year so he could support his impoverished family. After many odd jobs, he began working as an orderly at Creedmoor State Mental Hospital, known today as Creedmoor Psychiatric Center.


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: In 1953, Orlovsky was drafted into the United States Army for the Korean War at nineteen years old. Army psychiatrists ordered his transfer off the front to work as a medic in a San Francisco hospital. He later went to Columbia University.


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: He met Allen Ginsberg while working as a model for the painter Robert La Vigne in San Francisco in December 1954. Prior to meeting Ginsberg, Orlovsky had made no deliberate attempts at becoming a poet. Ginsberg was living with his girlfriend Sheila Williams Boucher at the time, but broke off the relationship to be with Orlovsky. Orlovsky also had a sexual relationship with Boucher during this time. Ginsberg and Orlovsky considered their relationship to be a "marriage sealed by vows." It was an open relationship, in part because Orlovsky was bisexual.


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: With Ginsberg's encouragement, Orlovsky began writing in 1957 while the pair were living in Paris. Accompanied by other beat writers, Orlovsky traveled extensively for several years throughout the Middle East, Northern Africa, India, and Europe. He also helped produce and contributed vocals to Ginsberg's 1970 LP "Songs of Innocence and Experience", based on William Blake's poetry collection of the same name. Orlovsky was Ginsberg's lover in an open relationship until Ginsberg's death in 1997.


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: In 1974, Orlovsky joined the faculty of the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at the Naropa Institute in Boulder, Colorado, teaching poetry. In 1979 he received a $10,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Arts to continue his creative endeavors.


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: In May 2010, friends reported that Orlovsky, who had had lung cancer for several months, was moved from his home in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, to the Vermont Respite House in Williston. He died there on May 30, 2010, from complications of the disease; he was 76 years old. He was buried at Shambhala Mountain Center in Red Feather Lakes, Colorado. His epitaph reads: "Train will tug my grave, my breathe hueing gentil vapor between weel & track".


title: Peter Orlovsky

text: His work has also appeared in "The New American Poetry 1945–1960" (1960), "The Beatitude Anthology" (1965), as well as the literary magazines "Yugen" and "Outsider". Orlovsky appeared in four films: Andy Warhol's "Couch" (1965) and in three films by photographer Robert Frank, "Pull My Daisy" (1959) (a partly improvised 26-minute-long film based on a Kerouac script), "Me and My Brother" (1969) (a film documenting his brother Julius Orlovsky's mental illness) and "C'est Vrai! (One Hour)" a 60-minute, one-take video made for French television in 1992 whose text was published as a volume in the Hanuman Books series.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Tippu Tip, or Tippu Tib (1832 – June 14, 1905), real name Ḥamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jumʿah ibn Rajab ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al Murjabī (), was an Afro-Omani ivory and slave trader, explorer, governor and plantation owner. He worked for a succession of the sultans of Zanzibar and was the Sultan of Uterera, a short-lived state in Kasongo, Maniema ruled by himself and his son Sefu who was an Emir with local WaManyema.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Tippu Tip traded in slaves for Zanzibar's clove plantations. As part of the large and lucrative trade, he led many trading expeditions into Central Africa, constructing profitable trading posts deep into the Congo Basin region and thus becoming the most well-known slave trader in Africa, supplying much of the world with black slaves.


title: Tippu Tip

text: He also bought the ivory from WaManyema suppliers in Kasongo, the capital of the Sultanate of Utetera, and resold it for a profit at coastal ports.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Based on descriptions of his age at different points in his life, it is believed that Tippu Tip was born around 1832 in Zanzibar. Tippu Tip's mother, Bint Habib bin Bushir, was a Muscat Arab of the ruling class. His father and paternal grandfather were coastal Arabs of the Swahili Coast who had taken part in the earliest trading expeditions to the interior. His paternal great-grandmother, wife of Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, was the daughter of Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, a member of a respected Muscat (Oman) family, and a Bantu woman from the village of Mbwa Maji, a small village south of what would later become the German capital of Dar es Salaam.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Throughout his lifetime Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi was more commonly known as "Tippu Tib", which translates to "the gatherer together of wealth". According to him, he was given the nickname Tippu Tip after the "tiptip" sound that his guns gave off during expeditions in Chungu territory.


title: Tippu Tip

text: At a relatively young age, Tippu Tip led a group of about 100 men into Central Africa seeking slaves and ivory. After plundering several large swathes of land, he returned to Zanzibar to consolidate his resources and recruit for his forces. Following this he returned to mainland Africa.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Tippu Tip built a trading empire, using the proceeds to establish clove plantations on Zanzibar. Abdul Sheriff reported that when he left for his twelve years of "empire building" on the mainland, he had no plantations of his own. By 1895, he had acquired "seven 'shambas' [plantations] and 10,000 slaves".


title: Tippu Tip

text: He met and helped several famous western explorers of the African continent, including David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley. Between 1884 and 1887 he claimed the Eastern Congo for himself and for the Sultan of Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi. In spite of his position as protector of Zanzibar's interests in Congo, he managed to maintain good relations with the Europeans. When, in August 1886, fighting broke out between the Swahili and the representatives of King Leopold II of Belgium at Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī went to the Belgian consul at Zanzibar to assure him of his "good intentions". Although he was still a force in Central African politics, he could see by 1886 that power in the region was shifting.


title: Tippu Tip

text: In early 1887, Stanley arrived in Zanzibar and proposed that Tippu Tip be made governor of the Stanley Falls District in the Congo Free State. Both Leopold and Sultan Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar agreed and on February 24, 1887, Tippu Tip accepted. At the same time, he agreed to man the expedition which Stanley had been commissioned to organize for the purpose of rescuing Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), the German governor of Equatoria (a region of Ottoman Egypt, today in South Sudan) who had been stranded in the Bahr el Ghazal area as a result of the Mahdi uprising in Sudan.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Tippu Tip travelled back to the Upper Congo in the company of Stanley, but this time by way of the Atlantic coast and up the Congo River. Aside from its doubtful usefulness, the relief expedition was marred by the near annihilation of its rearguard, a disaster for which Stanley attempted to place the blame on Tippu Tip.


title: Tippu Tip

text: After his tenure as governor, the Congo–Arab War broke out. Both sides fought with armies consisting mostly of local African soldiers fighting under the command of either Arab or European leaders.


title: Tippu Tip

text: When Tippu Tip left the Congo, the authority of King Leopold's Free State was still very weak in the Eastern parts of the territory and the power lay largely with local Arabic or Swahili strongmen. Amongst these were Tippu Tip's son Sefu bin Hamid and a trader known as Rumaliza in the area close to Lake Tanganyika.


title: Tippu Tip

text: In 1892, Sefu bin Hamed attacked Belgian ivory traders, who were seen as a threat to the Arab-Swahili trade. The Free State government sent a force under commander Francis Dhanis to the East. Dhanis had an early success when the African warlord Ngongo Lutete changed sides from Sefu's to his. The better armed and organised Belgian force defeated their opponents in several fights until the death of Sefu on 20 October 1893, and finally forcing also Rumaliza to flee to German territory in 1895.


title: Tippu Tip

text: After returning to Zanzibar around 1890/91, Tippu Tip retired. He set out to write an account of his life, which is the first example of the literary genre of autobiography in the Bantu Swahili language. Dr. Heinrich Brode, who knew him in Zanzibar, transcribed the manuscript into Roman script and translated it into German. It was subsequently translated into English and published in Britain in 1907.


title: Tippu Tip

text: Tippu Tip died June 13, 1905, of malaria (according to Brode) in his home in Stone Town, the main town on the island of Zanzibar.


title: Lio Rush

text: Lionel Gerard Green (born November 11, 1994), better known by the ring name Lio Rush, is an American professional wrestler and musician currently signed to New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of the Chaos stable. He has also appeared for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), where he performed as Aracno.


title: Lio Rush

text: Rush also worked for WWE, where he was the youngest NXT Cruiserweight Champion. In WWE, he also served as the manager of Bobby Lashley and was the winner of the 2018 United Kingdom Championship Invitational. He is also known for his time in Ring of Honor (ROH), where he won the 2016 Top Prospect Tournament, and in Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), where won the CZW World Heavyweight Championship once and the CZW Wired Championship twice.


title: Lio Rush

text: Green was born to two gospel singers. His childhood bedroom sat above his father's recording studio. He remembered wanting to be a professional wrestler since he was five years old. As a teenager and into early adulthood, Green struggled with mental health issues. During his teenage years, there was a point where it got so severe that he had to be hospitalized for a few days.


title: Lio Rush

text: Rush debuted under the ring name "LI Green", but after a negative response to the name from promoters, he changed it to "Lennon Duffy". He learned to wrestle during 2014 with MCW Training Center. He debuted at the 2014 Tribute to the Legends and created a tag team named "Sudden Impact" with Patrick Clark, who would go on to work for WWE as Velveteen Dream. On July 18, he won the Shane Shamrock Memorial Cup XV, defeating Brandon Scott, Drolix, Eddie Edwards, Matt Cross and Shane Strickland in a six-way elimination match. On October 3, he and his teammate Patrick Clark won the MCW Tag Team Championship, defeating The Hell Cats and The Ecktourage. They lost the title thirteen days later to The Ecktourage. He also competed for Evolve Wrestling where he defeated Fred Yehi on November 6. He lost his match against Ethan Page the following day. Lucha Libre Elite announced Rush as a participant in the Elite World Championship. On Thursday June 23, 2016, Rush defeated David Tita in the first day of the Elite World Championship to make the quarter final. On Saturday June 25, 2016, he was defeated by Michael Elgin. On February 18, 2017, Rush made his debut for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla at "Only Kings Understand Each Other", where he was defeated by Ricochet. On May 27, 2017, Rush defeated Ken Broadway at House of Glory's "Adrenaline" to capture the HOG Crown Jewel Championship, ending Broadway's almost year long reign. Rush lost the title to HOG World Heavyweight Champion Anthony Gangone in a title for title match at House of Glory's "Never Trust a Snake" on July 1.


title: Lio Rush

text: Green, as Lennon Duffy, made his debut for Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) on December 31, 2014, defeating Slugger Clark. He and Clark began to compete together as known as Sudden Impact. On September 12, he changed his name to "Lio Rush" and started a feud with Joey Janela, where he faced him, Trevor Lee and Caleb Konley at Down With the Sickness 2015; the match was won by Janela. At Night of Infamy, on November 21, he wrestled Joey Janela for the CZW Wired Championship on a losing effort. On December 12, during Cage of Death XVII, he won the CZW Wired TV Championship, defeating Janela for the title. He made his first successful defense against Kevin Bennett on January 16. He lost his title against Joey Janela on February 13 at CZW Seventeen. On March 26, 2016, at CZW Proving Ground, Rush defeated Joey Janela, Dave Crist and David Starr to win the CZW Wired Championship. Rush lost the Wired title back to Janela in a Ladder Match at Down with The Sickness on September 10, 2016, After his feud with Janela was over he stepped out of the Wired Championship picture and started a feud with Sami Callihan becoming a heel in the process for the first time in his career and adopted a darker gimmick.


title: Lio Rush

text: On May 13, 2017, Rush beat Joe Gacy for the CZW World Heavyweight Championship. He lost the belt to Davey Richards at a non-CZW(DEFY Wrestling) show, ending his reign at only 17 days. On July 8, Rush announced that he would be making his final CZW appearance on August 5. Rush defeated Janela at CZW Once in a Lifetime for his last match in CZW and against Janela.


title: Lio Rush

text: Six months after his professional wrestling debut, Rush took part in a Ring of Honor (ROH) training camp. He, however, was not signed due to his limited experience. After getting more experience wrestling on the independent circuit, Rush took part in another training camp and, now with the backing of Kevin Kelly, Steve Corino, Adam Cole, Jay Lethal and Kyle O'Reilly, was signed as a participant in the 2016 Top Prospect Tournament. Rush made his debut in ROH on December 19, 2015, beating Vinny Marseglia in a dark match. Rush went on to compete in the 2016 Top Prospect Tournament, defeating Jason Kincaid on January 9, going on to defeat Brian Fury on February 6 to win the tournament. On March 31, ROH announced that Rush had signed a contract with the promotion. On Supercard of Honor X Night 1 at April 1, 2016, Rush unsuccessfully challenged Jay Lethal for ROH World Championship. At Survival of the Fittest night one Rush defeated Misterioso Jr., Hangman Page and Sho in a Four corner survival match to be in the Survival of the Fittest tournament final. The Next night Rush was in the Survival of the Fittest match where he was the last to before he was eliminated by Bobby Fish. At Final Battle Rush replaced A. C. H. in the Six-man tag team tournament final to determine the first ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champions where he teamed with Kushida and Jay White and was defeated by The Kingdom (Matt Taven, T. K. O'Ryan and Vinny Marseglia). In March 2017, it was reported that Rush had given his notice to ROH.


title: Lio Rush

text: On July 9, 2017, it was reported that Rush had been offered a NXT contract and that his signing was imminent. WWE confirmed the signing on August 21. Rush made his first televised appearance on the October 4 episode of "NXT", where he was attacked by Velveteen Dream (his former tag team partner Patrick Clark). On the October 11 episode of "NXT", Rush was defeated by Dream in a match. On October 29, Rush joked on Twitter about Emma following her release from WWE; he received criticism from WWE wrestlers and issued an apology. The tweet resulted in Rush being pulled from all NXT events until November 30. He would make one additional appearance on NXT television, losing a squash match to Lars Sullivan. He was then off television again until April 2018.


title: Lio Rush

text: In June 2018, Rush was moved to WWE's main roster as part of the cruiserweight division, appearing on "205 Live". He also established himself as a heel on 205 Live. Upon his debut, he went on a winning streak, defeating Noam Dar, Akira Tozawa and three jobbers. He suffered his first loss in a 5-way number one contendership match for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship, that was won by Tony Nese. He suffered his first pinfall loss to Cedric Alexander a few weeks later.


title: Lio Rush

text: On the September 17 episode of "Raw", Rush became the hype man and manager of Bobby Lashley and was responsible for turning Lashley heel when he encouraged him to attack Kevin Owens multiple times after their match on October 8. Rush then would later help Bobby Lashley capture his first Intercontinental Championship in a triple threat match against Seth Rollins and defending champion Dean Ambrose, when Rush distracted Rollins, allowing Lashley to spear Ambrose and pin him for the title.


title: Lio Rush

text: Following the Royal Rumble, Rush and Lashley began feuding with Finn Bálor. His last match on 205 Live would be a number one contendership fatal four way on February 5, 2019, that was won by Akira Tozowa. Lashley's feud with Balor lead to a 2-on-1 handicap match at Elimination Chamber for Lashley's title, where Rush was ultimately pinned by Bálor, resulting in Lashley losing the Intercontinental Championship. After the match Lashley attacked Rush, leaving him laying in the ring. The next day, Rush and Lashley were defeated by Finn Balor and the debuting Ricochet. The next week, Rush unsuccessfully challenged Balor for the Intercontinental Championship. However, on the March 11 episode of Raw, Rush helped Lashley to regain the Intercontinental Championship from Balor. The following week, Braun Strowman and Balor defeated Lashley and Rush in a tag team match. Near the end of the match, Lashley fled the ring, leaving Rush to be pinned by Strowman. Following that, he did not wrestle for the company and stopped appearing alongside Lashley after WrestleMania 35 in April. Following the April 15 "Raw", Rush started an imposed sabbatical away from WWE.


title: Lio Rush

text: Amidst reports in May that Rush has backstage "heat" over issues regarding his attitude, including reports that he was disrespecting veterans, on May 15, Rush removed all mentions of WWE on his social media and replaced it with an email for booking inquiries. The problem has been chalked up to be a possible misunderstanding, due to Rush not adhering by the unwritten rules of the professional wrestling industry. In June, he started posting vignettes on Twitter seemingly promoting a return, while PWInsider reported that he was headed back to NXT.


title: Lio Rush

text: Rush made his return to "NXT" on the September 18 episode as a face and defeated Oney Lorcan to become the No. 1 Contender for Drew Gulak's Cruiserweight Championship. Rush successfully captured the title (which was now renamed to NXT Cruiserweight Championship) on October 9 episode of "NXT". On November 8 episode of 205 Live, Rush went toe to toe with Raul Mendoza in a non-title match that received high praise for its athletic competition and hard-hitting combat. At Survivor Series, Rush successfully defended his NXT Cruiserweight Championship in an Interbrand Triple Threat match that featured Akira Tozawa and Kalisto. This is also the first match to give Team NXT their first point of the night against Team Raw and Team SmackDown. On November 27 episode of NXT, Rush retained his NXT Cruiserweight Championship in a gruesome fast-paced battle against Akira Tozawa. On the December 11 episode of NXT, Rush lost his title to Angel Garza, ending his reign at 63 days. On the January 15 episode of NXT, Rush defeated Tyler Breeze and Isaiah "Swerve" Scott in a triple treat match to compete in a No. 1 Contenders Match for the Cruiserweight Championship against then winner of his No. 1 Contenders Match Angel Garza. He later on defeated Garza on the February 12 episode of NXT and went on to face Jordan Devlin for the NXT Cruiserweight Championship on February 19 episode of NXT, in which he failed to capture the Cruiserweight title.


title: Lio Rush

text: On April 15, 2020, Rush was released from his WWE contract as part of budget cuts stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Lio Rush

text: After leaving WWE, Rush began to work with many independent promotions, most notably Game Changer Wrestling, where he had several matches. In November, he signed a contract with the Major League Wrestling promotion. Also in November, he was announced for New Japan Pro-Wrestling's Super J-Cup tournament, which took place on USA. After failing to win the Super J-Cup, he was defeated by El Phantasmo at New Japan's The New Beginning USA. Rush first match with MLW took place at Kings of Colosseum on January 6, 2021, where he defeated Myron Reed to win the World Middleweight Championship. One month later, due to MLW relationship with Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide, Rush defeated Laredo Kid to win the AAA World Cruiserweight Championship and became a double champion. However this reign was not recognized in Mexico by AAA, with AAA booker Konnan stating that Lio lost the title to Laredo during an untelevised event.


title: Lio Rush

text: On May 30, 2021, Rush made an appearance for All Elite Wrestling at the Double or Nothing pay-per-view during the Casino Battle Royale match as the "Joker", where he was eliminated by Matt Hardy with help from Private Party. After the match Rush announced his retirement from professional wrestling, only to later announce he signed a contract with NJPW, while AEW also offered him a contract. On September 29, Rush officially signed with AEW. He made his AEW "Dynamite" debut on November 10, 2021 (along with his new tag team partner, Dante Martin) in a winning effort against the team of Matt Sydal and Lee Moriarty. On January 22, 2022, Rush revealed that his AEW contract was set to expire February 14, 2022, and became a free agent on that date.


title: Lio Rush

text: In July 2019, Rush released his debut single as a rapper titled, "Scenic Lullaby". According to Rush, the song is a "first-person account of [his] darkest days and the pain he continues to carry." Rush released his second single, "I Wonder", on August 19. On his 25th birthday, Rush released his debut extended play, "11:11". On May 11, 2020, Rush released his debut studio album, titled "Ever After". On July 20, 2020, Rush released his second studio album, "The Final Match".


title: Lio Rush

text: During his early days in WWE, Rush became a heel manager for Bobby Lashley, a role he was praised for due to his promos. Rush mentioned the comedian actor Kevin Hart as his influence to his work as manager.


title: Lio Rush

text: Rush made his video game debut as part of the "Rising Stars Pack" of downloadable content created for "WWE 2K19".


title: Lio Rush

text: In 2020, Rush was announced as a contestant on the of MTV's reality competition series "The Challenge" and was initially paired with "Love Island" alumna Gabby Allen. He left the show on his own accord in episode 6, citing mental health reasons and the stress of the house triggering his childhood feelings of living in a group home.


title: Lio Rush

text: Green resides in Los Angeles, California. He has three sons. He married Sarah Wah on December 21, 2018. Green stated that the tattoo he has on his stomach is a poem that was written by his mother for his deceased brother, Lorenzo, who died at a young age. Green also stated that he did not know about his brother until his mother told him about him on his first day of high school.


title: Richard Lester

text: Richard Lester Liebman (born January 19, 1932) is an American retired film director based in the United Kingdom.


title: Richard Lester

text: He is best known for directing the Beatles' films "A Hard Day's Night" (1964) and "Help!" (1965), and the superhero films "Superman II" (1980) and "Superman III" (1983). His other notable films as director include "The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film" (1959), "The Knack ...and How to Get It" (1965), "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum" (1966), "How I Won the War" (1967), "Petulia" (1968), "The Three Musketeers" (1973) and its two sequels, "Robin and Marian" (1976), and "" (1979). He is an Honorary Associate of London Film School.


title: Richard Lester

text: According to the British Film Institute, "if any single director can encapsulate the popular image of Britain in the Swinging Sixties, then it is probably Richard Lester. With his use of flamboyant cinematic devices and liking for zany humour, he captured the vitality, and sometimes the triviality, of the period more vividly than any other director."


title: Richard Lester

text: Richard Lester Liebman was born to a Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A child prodigy, he graduated from the William Penn Charter School, a Quaker school in Philadelphia, and began studies at the University of Pennsylvania at the age of 15, graduating with a degree in clinical psychology in 1951.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester started in television in 1950, working as a stage hand, floor manager, assistant director and then director in less than a year, because no one else was around who knew how to do the work.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester was the music director on "Action in the Afternoon", an American western television series that aired live on CBS from February 2, 1953, to January 29, 1954. The series originated from the studios and back lot of CBS' then-Philadelphia affiliate WCAU-TV, and was broadcast Monday through Friday regardless of the weather. The half-hour series aired variously at 3:30 pm or 4:00 pm, throughout its run.


title: Richard Lester

text: In May 1955, after a period spent busking around continental Europe, Lester moved to London and began work as a director in television, working for the low-budget producers the Danziger Brothers on episodes of "Mark Saber", a half-hour detective series.


title: Richard Lester

text: A variety show he produced caught the eye of Peter Sellers, who enlisted Lester's help in translating "The Goon Show" to television as "The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d" (1956). It was a hit, as were two follow-up shows: "A Show Called Fred" (1956) and "Son of Fred" (1956).


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester recalled that "A Show Called Fred" was "broadcast live and that's why I went into film directing where you can do a second take!"


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester received acclaim with "The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film" (1959), a short film he made with Spike Milligan and Peter Sellers. He did another short titled "The Sound of Jazz" (1959).


title: Richard Lester

text: His first feature as director was "It's Trad, Dad!" (1962), a low-budget musical. His second was "The Mouse on the Moon" (1963), produced by Walter Shenson for United Artists starring Margaret Rutherford, a sequel to "The Mouse That Roared" (1959). He returned to TV, directing episodes of "Room at the Bottom" (1964).


title: Richard Lester

text: "The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film" was a favourite of the Beatles, particularly John Lennon. When the band members were contracted to make a feature film, they chose Lester from a list of possible directors. "A Hard Day's Night" (1964) showed an exaggerated and simplified version of the Beatles' characters and proved to be an effective marketing tool. Many of its stylistic innovations survive as the forerunner of music videos; in particular, the multi-angle filming of a live performance. Lester was sent an award from MTV as "Father of the Music Video".


title: Richard Lester

text: "A Hard Day's Night" was a huge critical and commercial success. Lester then directed the first of several quintessential "swinging" films, the sex comedy "The Knack ...and How to Get It" (1965). Lester's first of three films with actor Michael Crawford, and the first of four credited collaborations with screenwriter Charles Wood, it won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester followed this with the Beatles film "Help!" (1965). A spoof of the popular James Bond spy thrillers, it was the second collaboration with screenwriter Charles Wood and another huge commercial success. Lester received a Hollywood offer to direct the film adaptation of "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum" (1966).


title: Richard Lester

text: He then made the darkly surreal anti-war movie "How I Won the War" (1967) co-starring Crawford and Lennon, which Lester referred to as an "anti-anti-war movie". He explained that anti-war movies still took the concept of war seriously, contrasting "bad" war crimes with wars fought for "good" causes like the liberation from Nazism whereas with screenwriter Charles Wood, Lester set out to show war as fundamentally opposed to humanity. Although set in World War II, the film serves as an oblique reference to the Vietnam War, and at one point, breaking the fourth wall, references this directly.


title: Richard Lester

text: He made "Petulia" (1968) with Julie Christie and George C. Scott, and a score by John Barry. He returned to his anti-war theme with the post-apocalyptic black comedy "The Bed Sitting Room" (1969), based on a play by Spike Milligan and John Antrobus. The screenplay was the fourth credited collaboration between Lester and Charles Wood, but Wood provided uncredited production rewrites for more films of Lester.


title: Richard Lester

text: "How I Won the War" and "Bed Sitting Room" performed poorly at the box office, and Lester found himself unable to raise finance for a series of projects, including an adaptation of the "Flashman" novels.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester's career revived when he was hired by Alexander and Ilya Salkind to do a version of "The Three Musketeers" (1973), based on a script by George MacDonald Fraser. The producers decided to split the first film into two after principal photography was completed, the second titled "The Four Musketeers" (1974). Many of the cast principals complained to the Salkinds, stating that they were only contracted to make one film, and they arrived at an agreement to avoid attorneys' fees. Both movies were critically and commercially successful.


title: Richard Lester

text: He was called in at the last minute as a replacement director on "Juggernaut" (1974), a thriller set on a cruise liner. The success of the "Musketeers" films enabled Lester to raise finance for "Royal Flash" (1975), based on the second of the "Flashman" novels by George MacDonald Fraser. Lester followed this with "Robin and Marian" (1976), from a script by James Goldman, starring Sean Connery and Audrey Hepburn. He then made "The Ritz" (1976), based on a play by Terrence McNally.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester also directed "" (1979) and "Cuba" (1979) with Connery; neither film was successful commercially.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester's next film, "Superman II", was a huge success. Production on "Superman II" began before "Superman" was completed, and had to be halted to concentrate on getting the first movie completed. After the first film was released in late 1978, the Salkinds went back into production on "Superman II" without informing "Superman" director Richard Donner and placed Lester behind the camera to complete the remaining 25 percent of the film. Although Donner had shot 75 percent, a majority of what was planned for the film, much of his footage was jettisoned or reshot during Lester's time on the project.


title: Richard Lester

text: Gene Hackman, who played Lex Luthor, refused to return for the reshoots, so Lester instead used a stunt double and an impersonator to loop Luthor's lines onto footage of Hackman shot by Donner. Some of Donner's original footage was integrated into television versions of the film. In November 2006, Donner's footage was re-edited into "", consisting primarily of his footage with Lester's footage used only for scenes not shot during Donner's principal photography.


title: Richard Lester

text: Richard Lester directed "Superman III" (1983), but this third installment was not as well received as its predecessors. Nonetheless, it was considered a box office success, ranking 14th in that year Worldwide Box Office.


title: Richard Lester

text: Lester directed the comedy "Finders Keepers" (1984), starring Michael O'Keefe, Louis Gossett Jr., and Beverly D'Angelo. The film was a flop, and it is notable as one of the early films featuring Jim Carrey.


title: Richard Lester

text: In 1988, he reunited most of the "Three Musketeers" cast to film "The Return of the Musketeers", released the following year. During filming in Spain, actor Roy Kinnear, a close friend of Lester, died after falling from a horse. Lester finished the film, then returned only to direct Paul McCartney's concert film "Get Back" (1991).


title: Richard Lester

text: In 1993, he presented "Hollywood U.K.", a five-part series on British cinema in the 1960s for the BBC.


title: Richard Lester

text: Director Steven Soderbergh is among many who have called for a reappraisal of Lester's work and influence. He wrote "Getting Away with It", published in 1999, about Lester's career, which consists of interviews with Lester.


title: Richard Lester

text: In 2012, the British Film Institute awarded Lester a Fellowship, the British film industry's highest honour, in recognition of his work. The award was presented in a public ceremony on March 22 at the National Film Theatre, and was followed by a screening of Lester's "Robin and Marian". The citation for his fellowship recognises that "Richard Lester has created a unique body of work which has enriched the lives of millions with his brilliantly surreal humour and innovative style. Although born in America he has lived in Britain for 60 years and created some of the most enduring and influential creations of British cinema."


title: Richard Lester

text: In Soderbergh's book "Getting Away with It", Lester reveals that he is a committed atheist and debates with Soderbergh (then an agnostic), largely based on the arguments of Richard Dawkins. During Lester's time at the University of Pennsylvania, he was a member of the Beta Rho Chapter of the Sigma Nu fraternity.


title: Richard Lester

text: Richard Lester married choreographer Deirdre Vivian Smith on August 28, 1956. They have two children, Dominic and Claudia.


title: Seth Warshavsky

text: Seth Warshavsky (born 1973) is an American pornographer and the founder of Internet Entertainment Group (IEG). During the dot-com bubble, Warshavsky's welcome of media attention made him the face of the online pornography industry to a public fascinated with what was then virtually the only segment of the dot-com industry operating at a profit. On February 10, 1998, he testified at a hearing on Internet Indecency before the US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.


title: Seth Warshavsky

text: Beginning in 1996, with the profits from a phone-sex operation he started while living in the Oregon building in Seattle, Washington, he had friends at AT&T who would find him sex-related numbers.


title: Seth Warshavsky

text: Warshavsky converted a warehouse in Seattle into the studios of IEG's flagship website, Clublove.com. The website used computer technology that was cutting edge for its day. The business model was similar to that of a live peep show. For a monthly membership fee plus an hourly charge, customers could watch postcard-sized, low-resolution images of women strip and touch themselves in real time. For more money, they could talk to the camgirls over the phone and direct them.


title: Seth Warshavsky

text: In 1999, Warshavsky was rated number 40 on Time Magazine's list of 50 "most important figures in technology."


title: Seth Warshavsky

text: At IEG's peak, Warshavsky claimed to have 100,000 subscribers and $100 million annual revenue, although subsequent events cast doubt on the veracity of this earnings claim.


title: Seth Warshavsky

text: Anderson and Lee filed a $90 million copyright-infringement suit against IEG in 1998 to claim a share of the profits of the video of them. A U.S. district court judge dismissed the case, ruling that the duo gave up their rights when they agreed to let IEG webcast the footage. Following appeals, Anderson and Lee were awarded a $1.5 million judgment plus court costs and attorney fees in December 2002.


title: Spread (film)

text: Spread is a 2009 American sex comedy film directed by David Mackenzie and starring Ashton Kutcher and Anne Heche. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2009, and was released in North American theaters by Anchor Bay Films on August 14, 2009.


title: Spread (film)

text: Narcissistic gigolo Nikki lives in Los Angeles, drifting from one relationship to another without a steady job or even a place to live. He preys on women who can provide for him. After meeting Samantha at a club he moves in with her, using his looks and sexual prowess to keep her happy.


title: Spread (film)

text: Before long, however, Nikki starts cheating on Samantha, first with his friend Emily, then with Christina, whom he met at another party. Emily disapproves of Nikki's free-wheeling lifestyle and has expressed a desire for a relationship, but Nikki has no real interest in her except for her wealth. Samantha catches Nikki with Christina, but they come to an uneasy arrangement where she will ignore his infidelity.


title: Spread (film)

text: While Samantha is out of town, Nikki meets a waitress named Heather. He enlists his friend Harry to help him get Heather interested, but she does not fall for his charms. Although he eventually gets a date with her, she abandons him midway through the date.


title: Spread (film)

text: Soon after, Heather unexpectedly shows up in Samantha's pool and they end up having sex. The next morning Nikki is moving Heather's car and realizes it does not belong to her but to her "boyfriend", after she told him she was single. Nikki throws her out in anger. However, he cannot stop thinking about her, and his obsession frustrates Samantha to the point that she gets fed up and throws him out, quickly taking him back. Nikki, however, leaves on his own accord, still enchanted by Heather.


title: Spread (film)

text: Nikki searches for a place to stay, but has a falling out with Harry, is rejected by Emily, and cannot get into the parties he once did. He runs into Heather at a swanky hotel, and she admits that she was only interested in him as she believed he was rich. It transpires that she is the same as Nikki, scamming rich men for money in the same way he does with women. She lets him move in with her and her stoner roommate Eva and they begin dating, though Heather continues to scam and hustle, with some reluctant assistance from Nikki.


title: Spread (film)

text: One day, an upset Heather reveals to Nikki that she just broke up with her fiancé because she is in love with Nikki. She further tells him her fiancé's family owns the New York Rangers and that he is who has been paying her bills and living expenses. Nikki, who has also fallen in love with her, is nonetheless angry that she kept her engagement from him, and leaves in a huff. When he returns he only finds a note that says she has left for New York City. At Eva's urging and with Harry paying for the airfare, Nikki follows her.


title: Spread (film)

text: He finds her at a plush penthouse and begs her to come back to LA with him. She refuses, telling him she cannot afford to let him chase his fantasies while she gets the funds they would need to live. He then proposes to her, but she tells him that she is already married, breaking his heart. Heather says that she cannot get a divorce because she needs a marriage with stability and financial security. Her husband returns home and Heather passes Nikki off as a grocery boy, dismissing him.


title: Spread (film)

text: Nikki returns to LA, finally seeing that life is worth the struggle, getting an honest job delivering groceries and living with Harry. He delivers groceries to Samantha's house, where they are picked up by the kept man who has replaced Nikki. The ending credits show Nikki feeding a mouse to Harry's African bullfrog.


title: Spread (film)

text: The film was directed by David Mackenzie, and was produced by Jason Goldberg, Ashton Kutcher, Peter Morgan, and Karyn Spencer (assistant producer).


title: Spread (film)

text: Anne Heche revealed David Mackenzie would often keep the camera distant so as not to interfere with 'the intimacy of a moment.' "There's one thing that's all one take, from when I walk in and find him [in a sexual act with] another girl, and her leaving, and Nikki and I get into a huge argument, all the way to when I throw him down on the couch and we start having sex. That's all one shot. You're never being told who to feel for or how to feel about it. The camera was literally out the window for that entire thing," Heche said.


title: Spread (film)

text: "Spread" received generally negative reviews from critics. At "Rotten Tomatoes", based on 59 reviews, the movie rated an aggregate score of 21% positive reviews, noting that, "Despite occasional detours into surprisingly dark territory, "Spread" overall is an ineffectual celebration of vacuous Los Angeles high life rather than a deconstruction of it."


title: Spread (film)

text: The film was released on August 14, 2009. At the box office, the film grossed $12,032,983, of which $250,618 was from North America.


title: EVTOL

text: An electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft is a variety of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft that uses electric power to hover, take off, and land vertically. This technology came about thanks to major advances in electric propulsion (motors, batteries, fuel cells, electronic controllers) and the growing need for new vehicles for urban air mobility (air taxi). Examples are being developed by aircraft companies such as Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Honda, Toyota, Hyundai and NASA.


title: EVTOL

text: The concept of eVTOL aircraft emerged in 2009 when a video of the NASA Puffin eVTOL concept went viral on November 11th 2009 showcasing a single person concept rendering of the technology, and concept in flight. Following this, the first Puffin paper at the VFS Specialists Conference on Aeromechanics, on January 9th 2010. This concept utilized a new technology developed at NASA called Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP). Additional Puffin papers were published on September 13th at the 10th AIAA ATIO Conference, NASA Puffin Electric Tailsitter VTOL Concept and Puffin Redundant Electric Powertrain System. This was fast followed in 2011 by several industry efforts, namely the AugustaWestland Project Zero (Italy), the Volocopter VC1 (Germany) and the Opener BlackFly (US). It was officially introduced by the Vertical Flight Society and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) in 2014 during the "Transformative Vertical Flight Concepts Joint Workshop on Enabling New Flight Concepts through Novel Propulsion and Energy Architectures" held in Virginia.


title: EVTOL

text: Since then, there has been a significant increase in interest among aircraft manufacturers for eVTOLs, and companies such as Boeing, Airbus and Bell have also worked on the technology:


title: EVTOL

text: In addition to these major aircraft manufacturers, startups have been playing an important role in the development of these air vehicles and had sometimes been leaders in technological advances.


title: EVTOL

text: Uber published a paper on a project called Elevate co-authored by Jeff Holden, Nikhil Goel, and Mark Moore. The paper outlined the feasibility of an on-demand aviation transportation system. That document, along with subsequent annual Elevate summits the company hosted from 2017 to 2019, helped advance the concepts of eVTOL aircraft and urban air mobility (UAM) from a science-fiction concept to a potential aerospace sector pursued by dozens of development projects.


title: EVTOL

text: In December, 2020, Uber's Elevate was acquired by Joby Aviation. Upon acquisition, Joby CEO JoeBen Bivert said, "The team at Uber Elevate has not only played an important role in our industry, they have also developed a remarkable set of software tools that build on more than a decade of experience enabling on-demand mobility."


title: EVTOL

text: In 2020, Tetra Aviation won the "disruptor award" at the GoFly personal flight contest for its single-seat eVTOL. In 2021, the company announced its Mk5 personal eVTOL that it expects to deliver in 2022. It incorporates 32 vertical lift rotors distributed across long, thin front and rear wings, along with a rear pusher prop for cruising. It uses a mostly aluminum frame, with carbon-fiber/aramid-reinforced polymer bodywork. The craft is wide, long and high. The battery pack holds 13.5-kWh. Empty weight is and hosts an up to pilot. The vehicle features at least three flight controllers, driving 32 vertical propellers in the case of motor or flight controller failure, with a parachute in the event of total failure. The plane is to be sold as an experimental kit aircraft that requires only a private pilot license.


title: EVTOL

text: In 2021, Urban eVTOL announced the Leo, a 3-seat, , vehicle. It hosts 16 40-cm diameter, 10-kw ducted fans for vertical lift, and 6 28 cm diameter, turbine-bladed rear engines for horizontal thrust. The wing is a double box-wing design. The intent is that it be small enough to park in a standard automobile space. The split battery system holds 66-kWh. A ballistic parachute is included. It has yet to fly.


title: EVTOL

text: In November 2021, the National Academy of Sciences published a study by Shashank Sripad and Venkat Viswanathan of Carnegie Mellon University that showed eVTOL aircraft could have an energy efficiency that is comparable to or higher than terrestrial electric vehicles. The study also assigned a high technological readiness level for battery-powered eVTOLs.


title: EVTOL

text: In October 2020 with a $60 million investment in Joby Aviation, a business building an electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft intended to provide air cab service, Delta joined the list of airlines funding EV technology startups.


title: EVTOL

text: Four American companies have military airworthiness contracts through the US military's Agility Prime program: Joby Aviation, Beta Technologies, Lift Aircraft, and most recently Kitty Hawk, whose Heaviside aircraft was accepted in July 2021.


title: EVTOL

text: Archer, Joby, Lilium, and Vertical joined special-purpose acquisition companies (SPAC) to go public. The first was Archer Aviation, who simultaneously announced a $1,000,000,000 order of 200+ aircraft from United Airlines in February 2021. Archer was also the first to publicly reveal its Maker aircraft in-person that year.


title: EVTOL

text: Vertical Aerospace announced pre-orders for 1,000 eVTOLs in June 2021, including from American Airlines, Virgin Atlantic and aircraft lessor, Avalon Holdings.


title: EVTOL

text: As of January 2022, Embraer Eve Air Mobility signed contracts with seventeen companies for 1,735 orders of EVE eVTOLs, valued at US$ 5 billion.


title: EVTOL

text: Many designs operate without wings. Multicopters typically use radial arms to host the motors/propellers, such as the Volcopter 2X or the Jetson Aero.


title: EVTOL

text: Vectored thrust designs change the direction of thrust, vectoring thrust vertically for takeoff/landing and horizontally while cruising. The entire wing (tilt-wing) can pivot to or just the rotors (tilt-rotor). The Archer Maker, Lilium Jet, Joby S4, Vertical Aerospace VA-X4, and Zuri 2.0 are tilt-rotor craft. The ASML Aero Vertiia uses a hybrid that pivots the rotor-holding part of its otherwise fixed box wing design. Another approach to thrust vectoring is to use flaps to divert air coming from a horizontal motor downward to create lift. Craft Aero is notable for its box wing that is attached to the bottom of the fuselage in the front and the top of the fuselage in the back, presenting a diamond shape when viewed from above. The design includes a turbine generator for increased range. Odys Aviation vectors thrust from its 16 motors by extending flaps that direct the backward-traveling air downward at take-off and landing.


title: EVTOL

text: Lift and cruise systems use one set of motors for vertical flight and another set for cruising, such as Beta Alia, Airbus, and eMagic.


title: EVTOL

text: PteroDynamics uses a folding wing design that allows easy storage land transport of the vehicle. Takeoff occurs with the wings in the folded position, with an in-flight transition to fully extended.


title: EVTOL

text: Hybrid designs employ some fixed and some tilting motors, as shown by Archer Maker, Vertical Aerospace VA-1X, and Wisk Cora.


title: EVTOL

text: Box wing or closed wing designs also use two wings, but the wings are connected in such a way that the wingtips are eliminated. The wings may be vertically stacked or arranged front and rear as in tandem designs.


title: EVTOL

text: Enclosing wing designs open to expose the lift-off fans, and close around them for faster higher-speed cruising.


title: EVTOL

text: Most current designs are powered by batteries, although some designs use hydrogen fuel cells. Currently, batteries suffer from low specific energy (causing range and thus safety issues). Fuel cells have previously suffered from lower specific power (which could be too low for vertical takeoff/landing), but newer designs claim to have solved this problem with much higher specific power. There are also proposals to use batteries for takeoff/landing, and hydrogen fuel cells for cruising.


title: EVTOL

text: Many eVTOL's concept are for Air Taxi application. For instance, Pipistrel, an Uber Elevate partner, is working on the Pipistrel 801, a 5 seats air taxi. Another example is Volocopter, which proposed its air taxi service called VoloCity, based on the Volocopter 2X.