title: Sun Quan

text: In 252, as Sun Quan neared death, Empress Pan was murdered, but how she was murdered remains a controversy. Wu officials claimed that her servants, unable to stand her temper, strangled her while she was asleep, while a number of historians, including Hu Sanxing, the commentator to Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian", believed that top Wu officials were complicit, as they feared that she would seize power as empress dowager after Sun Quan's death. On 252, Sun Quan died at the age of 70 (by East Asian age reckoning), and Sun Liang succeeded him. Sun Quan was buried in August or September 252 in a mausoleum at the Purple Mountain in Jianye.


title: Sun Quan

text: Sun Quan appears as a playable character in Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" and "Warriors Orochi" video game series.


title: Sun Quan

text: Sun Quan also appears in the mobile video game "Puzzle & Dragons" as part of the "Three Kingdoms Gods" series.


title: Sun Quan

text: In the collectible card game "" there is a card named "Sun Quan, Lord of Wu", in the "Portal Three Kingdoms" set.


title: Sun Quan

text: In the selection of hero cards in the Chinese card game "San Guo Sha", there is also a Sun Quan hero that players can select at the beginning of the game.


title: Sun Quan

text: In the collectible card game " Yu - Gi - Oh " there is a card based on Sun Quan named “Ancient Warriors- Masterful Sun Mou.”


title: Melvin Ingram

text: Melvin Ingram III (born April 26, 1989) is an American football outside linebacker for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at South Carolina, and earned All-American honors. He was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the first round with the 18th overall pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Kansas City Chiefs.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: Ingram was born and raised in Hamlet, North Carolina. He attended Richmond Senior High School in Rockingham, North Carolina. As a senior linebacker, he recorded 87 tackles and 2.5 sacks.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: Ingram attended the University of South Carolina, where he played for coach Steve Spurrier's South Carolina Gamecocks football team from 2007 to 2011. He played linebacker for the Gamecocks before switching to defensive end. As a junior in 2010, he led the team with nine sacks.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: In 2011, Ingram registered 10 sacks, 15 tackles for loss, and two interceptions. He also scored three touchdowns. Two of his touchdowns came against Georgia in a 45–42 victory in Athens, including a 68-yard fake-punt for a touchdown. Ingram's strong senior campaign helped propel the Gamecocks defense to a final #4 national poll ranking, and he was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection, and was recognized as a consensus All-American.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: Ingram was selected by the San Diego Chargers with the 18th overall pick in the 1st round of the 2012 NFL Draft. In his rookie campaign, Ingram racked up 18 quarterback pressures, tied for second-most on the squad, along with 12 special teams tackles, which tied for the team lead. He played in all 16 games, with two starts.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: On May 14, 2013, Ingram tore his anterior cruciate ligament during the Chargers' organized team activities and was expected to miss the entire 2013 season. On August 26, 2013, he was placed on the Reserve/Physically Unable to Perform (PUP) list. On December 7, 2013, Ingram was activated off the PUP list prior to Week 14. In Week 16, Ingram sacked Raiders quarterback Matt McGloin while forcing a fumble. In the wild card game against the Cincinnati Bengals, Ingram picked off quarterback Andy Dalton for his first postseason interception. On October 4, 2015, Ingram strip-sacked Josh McCown and recovered the fumble.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: On February 27, 2017, the Chargers placed the franchise tag on Ingram. On June 11, 2017, Ingram signed a four-year, $66 million contract with $42 million guaranteed with the Chargers. Ingram earned the AFC Defensive Player of the Month for September 2017 after recording 5.5 sacks, including a three-sack game against the Chiefs in Week 3. He finished the season with 56 combined tackles and 10.5 sacks. Ingram was selected to his first career Pro Bowl after the 2017 season, replacing teammate Joey Bosa. He was ranked 76th by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: Prior to the start of the 2018 NFL season, Ingram predicted that the Chargers would win Super Bowl LIII and he said that "We're ready. We've got to bring a Super Bowl to the city." He also said that "I was taught you've got to speak stuff into existence. If you want to do something, you've got to say you're going to do it and then you've got to go do it." In the end, Ingram and the Chargers failed to make it to the Super Bowl when they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots by a score of 41-28 in the divisional round of the playoffs. On June 17, 2019, Ingram predicted that the Chargers would win Super Bowl LIV and stated that “We’re the team to beat in the NFL, not just the AFC West, it’s the NFL. We feel like when we’re going against our offense that we need to beat them because they’re the best. They need to beat us because we’re the best. That’s how we’re going to get better.” In the end, the 2019 Chargers not only failed to go to the Super Bowl, but missed the playoffs entirely after posting a 5-11 record.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: On September 26, 2020, Ingram was placed on injured reserve with a knee injury. He was activated on October 24, 2020. He was placed back on injured reserve on November 27, 2020, with a knee injury.


title: Melvin Ingram

text: Ingram was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs on November 2, 2021 in exchange for a sixth-round selection in the 2022 NFL Draft.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Knickerbockers or knickers are a form of men's or boys' baggy-kneed breeches, particularly popular in the early 20th-century United States. Golfers' "plus twos" and "plus fours" are similar.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Until after World War I, in many English-speaking countries, boys customarily wore short pants in summer and "knee pants" similar to knickers in winter. At the onset of puberty or sometime in their teens, they graduated to long trousers. In that era, the transition to "long pants" was a major rite of passage.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: The fashion was imported from the US to Britain around the 1860s and continued until the 1920s, when it was superseded by above-knee-length short trousers (shorts), probably due to the popularity of the scouting movement whose uniform included shorts. Towards the end of this period, knickerbockers may have been more of a "fancy dress" item, for formal occasions, rather than everyday wear. At around 13 years, boys exchanged their knickerbockers for long trousers.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Baseball players historically wore a stylized form of knickerbockers, although the pants have become less baggy in recent decades and some modern ballplayers opt to pull the trousers close to the ankles.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: The white knickerbocker-like pants worn by American football officials are a legacy of early football players wearing knickerbockers to play in. In recent years, the NFL has equipped its officials with long trousers rather than knickers in cold weather.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: The name "Knickerbocker" first acquired meaning with Washington Irving's "History of New York," which featured the fictional author Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old-fashioned Dutch New Yorker in Irving's satire of chatty and officious local history. In fact, Washington Irving had a real friend named Herman Knickerbocker (1779–1855), whose name he borrowed. Herman Knickerbocker, in turn, was of the upstate Knickerbocker clan, which descended from a single immigrant ancestor, Harmen Jansen van Wijhe Knickerbocker. Jansen van Wijhe invented the name upon arriving in New Amsterdam and signed a document with a variant of it in 1682.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: After Irving's "History", by 1831, "Knickerbocker" had become a local byword for an imagined old Dutch-descended New York aristocracy, their old-fashioned ways, their long-stemmed pipes, and knee-breeches long after the fashion had turned to slacks. (Such cultural heritage sprang almost entirely from Irving's imagination and became a well-known example of an invented tradition.) "Knickerbocker" became a byword for a New York patrician, comparable to a "Boston Brahmin".


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Thus the "New York Knickerbockers" were an amateur social and athletic club organized by Alexander Cartwright on Manhattan's (Lower) East Side in 1842, largely to play "base ball" according to written rules, the first organized team in baseball history; on June 19, 1846 the New York Knickerbockers played the first game of "base ball" organized under those rules, in Hoboken, New Jersey, and were trounced, 23–1. The Knickerbocker name stayed with the team even after it moved its base of operations to Elysian Fields at Hoboken, N.J. in 1846. The baseball link may have prompted Casey Stengel to joyously exclaim, "It's great to be back as the manager of the Knickerbockers!" when he was named pilot of the newborn New York Mets in 1961.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Hence the locally-brewed "Knickerbocker Beer" brewed by Jacob Ruppert, the first sponsors of the TV show "Tonight!"; hence the gossip columnist "Cholly Knickerbocker", the pen name of Igor Cassini; hence the extremely high-toned Knickerbocker Club (still in a neo-Georgian mansion on Fifth Avenue at 62nd Street, which was founded in 1871 when some members of the Union Club became concerned that admission policies were not strict enough); and hence the New York Knicks, whose corporate name is the "New York Knickerbockers".


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: The Knickerbocker name was an integral part of the New York scene when the Basketball Association of America granted a charter franchise to the city in the summer of 1946. As can best be determined, the final decision to call the team the "Knickerbockers" was made by the club's founder, Ned Irish. The team is now generally referred to as the Knicks.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Knickerbockers have been popular in other sporting endeavors, particularly golf, rock climbing, cross-country skiing, fencing and bicycling.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: In cycling, they were standard attire for nearly 100 years, with the majority of archival photos of cyclists in the era before World War I showing men wearing knickerbockers tucked into long socks. They remained fairly popular in Britain (where they were called "breeks" or "trews") in the years between World War I and World War II, but eventually were eclipsed in popularity by racing tights, even among the vast majority of cyclists who never raced. Invariably referred to as "knickers" in the US, they lived on as a just-past-the-knee variant of racing tights reserved for colder-weather riding.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: Knickerbockers are often worn in baseball as pants, a custom that has been practiced even since long pants became widely used in the US. The traditional knickerbockers of old were more like pants that had been folded back with long socks.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: During the early 1980s, media interest in the then-Lady Diana Spencer brought a brief commercial revival of the look in women's and unisex fashion both in Europe and North America, particularly among the "town and country", "New Romantic", and "preppie" sets. However, by 1984, the style had waned as more top-heavy styles with snug pants rendered the style obsolete.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: In Japan, tobi trousers—similar to knickerbockers—are worn by construction workers, and their popular length has significantly increased over time, lowering the baggy part down the bottom of the leg like plus-fours and plus-sixes, and sometimes to the feet like trousers.


title: Knickerbockers (clothing)

text: In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth nations, the term "knickers" is used for women's undergarments. Use of the term owes its origin to illustrator George Cruikshank, who did the illustrations for Washington Irving's droll "History of New York" when it was published in London. He showed the old-time Knickerbockers in their loose Dutch breeches, and by 1859, short loose ladies undergarments, a kind of abbreviated version of pantalettes or pantaloons, were "knickers" in England.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy Gardner, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, usually in books featuring the Green Lantern family of characters, and for a time (late 1980s through mid 1990s) was also a significant member of the Justice League family of characters. He usually appears in books featuring the Green Lantern Corps, an intergalactic police force in which Gardner has usually been depicted as a member. Gardner's original design was based on actor Martin Milner.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy Gardner was created by John Broome and Gil Kane in "Green Lantern" #59 (March 1968), although the character was changed significantly in the 1980s by Steve Englehart and Joe Staton who turned him into a jingoistic parody of an ultra-macho "red-blooded American male". This latter remains the character's archetype to this date. Englehart recounted:


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Staton's design for Guy Gardner was based on the character Major Ronald Merrick from the TV series "The Jewel in the Crown", as Staton saw Merrick's entitlement and resentment as a parallel to Guy Gardner. Gardner's later blue costume, introduced in the first issue of the character's first ongoing series (cover dated October 1992), was also designed by Staton. During this series, retitled "Guy Gardner: Warrior" with issue #17, Guy Gardner is gradually evolved into a more vulnerable and heroic character; Beau Smith, who wrote the series for most of its run, was concerned that leaving him as an angry jerk would make the character stagnant and one-note.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy is raised in Baltimore by his parents, Roland and Peggy Gardner. His father, Roland, is an abusive alcoholic who beats Guy every day. Some of Guy's injuries are visible such as bruises, cuts and bumps but others are invisible and are emotionally inflicted. Guy works hard in school to try to win his father's approval, but Roland instead lavishes attention and compliments upon Guy's older brother, Mace. Guy's only escape at this time is "General Glory" comic books, going so far as to model his bowl haircut on Glory's sidekick, Ernie.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: During his mid-teens, Guy becomes a juvenile delinquent. He constantly defies authority. Later, he is straightened out by his older brother, now a police officer. He eventually goes to college, supporting himself, and earning bachelor's degrees in education and psychology from the University of Michigan, where he also plays football until a career-ending injury. The injury deeply affects Guy.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After college, Guy works as a social welfare caseworker, dealing with prison inmates and their rehabilitation. He abandons this line of work, however, fearing it brings out his aggressive nature. Moving on, he becomes a teacher for children with disabilities.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Guy is now an ex-police officer and middle child of a family with a long tradition of membership in the Baltimore Police Department going back to 1860. He is the second human to earn a Green Lantern ring, after coming to the rescue of his older brother Gerard who had become pinned down during a police shootout with a street gang.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In this version Guy has a strained relationship with his father Ebenezer Gardner, a decorated cop forced into disability after taking a bullet in the line of duty, for issues related to the unexplained incident which kicked Guy off the police force. This is retconned in DC Rebirth which returns to the original origin of Guy being abused by his alcoholic father as a kid, which was seen during Guy's fight with the Sinestro Corps member Arkillo in the present, and later his father being reintroduced under his original name Roland Gardner.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: The Green Lantern of Space Sector 2814, an alien named Abin Sur from the planet Ungara, crash-lands on Earth after being mortally wounded. As Sur dies, his power ring seeks and finds two potential successors: Guy Gardner and Hal Jordan. Jordan is nearer to the crash, so he is chosen over Gardner. In the same story, the Guardian supercomputers predict Guy would have perished early in his career if he had been chosen first. In the later "Booster Gold" series it is shown that a time traveling Booster convinces Gardner to visit his dying father, thus ensuring that Jordan would be the candidate in closest proximity. Gardner is relegated to backup status should anything happen to Jordan.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: When Jordan becomes aware of Gardner's status as his backup, he sets up a chance meeting, and the two become friends. Though Gardner is originally naive to Jordan's secret identity, he eventually assists Jordan during his adventures. He is later partnered with Jordan after completing his training under Kilowog.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: During an earthquake, Gardner is hit by a bus while attempting to rescue one of his students. During his recovery, the Guardians recruit John Stewart to be Jordan's new "backup".


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Some time later, during a period where Gardner is performing his duties as a backup Green Lantern, Hal Jordan's power battery, the source of the ring's energy, explodes in Gardner's face due to damage done to it by the Crumbler and traps him in the Phantom Zone. Jordan and Kari Limbo, Gardner's girlfriend at the time, both believe him to be dead, and the two develope a romantic relationship that ultimately culminates in a marriage proposal. Gardner is able to interrupt the wedding by contacting Limbo telepathically. By then, however, Gardner's bus accident, the power battery explosion, his assimilation into the zone, and the subsequent torture at the hands of General Zod and other residents of the Phantom Zone had affected his mind. When Gardner is released from the Phantom Zone, he is diagnosed with brain damage and is comatose for a number of years.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: During the "Crisis on Infinite Earths", the Guardians of the Universe split into two factions over how to confront the Crisis. A minority faction of six Guardians emulate their former brethren, the Controllers, by recruiting a Green Lantern to directly attack and destroy the forces of the antimatter universe. For reasons unknown, Gardner is revived by the renegade Guardians, given a power ring not tied to the Central Power Battery on Oa, sporting a uniform similar to that worn by the Fists of the Guardians, and given a mission. He is to recruit and command the deadliest and most powerful criminals in the universe, including the Shark, Hector Hammond (left behind after trying to attack Gardner), Sonar, Throttle, Blindside, and Goldface, to launch a strike against the home base of the Anti-Monitor.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Gardner's brain damage manifests itself in the form of an arrogant, violent, unstable, and often childish new personality. Gardner believes himself to be the last "true" Green Lantern, superior to all the others, particularly Jordan. Five of the renegade Guardians are slain by a wave of antimatter, and the sixth eventually reconcile with the rest of the Guardians. In the meantime, Gardner succeeds in his task of recruiting powerful villains. Both Hal Jordan and John Stewart prevent Gardner from completing his mission, which would have ultimately destroyed the universe.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Following the Crisis, the Guardians, along with the Zamarons, leave the universe to create the next generation of Guardians. Gardner is placed under the care of the remaining Guardian-turned-mortal Appa Ali Apsa (who later goes on to become the "Mad Guardian") on the planet Maltus to teach Gardner the ways of the Corps, a situation which Gardner resents. Gardner eventually escapes and returns to Earth. He is recaptured by Appa Ali Apsa (with the assistance of two Corps honor guards) intending to reclaim Gardner's power ring. At the request of Kari Limbo, Hal Jordan pleads on Gardner's behalf for his freedom, which is granted with no return of gratitude from Gardner.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: As a consequence of the Corps executing Sinestro, the majority of the Corps loses their power rings; Gardner is one of the few remaining active Green Lanterns. After the defeat and death of the "Mad Guardian", the Guardians return and assign Gardner to be the official Green Lantern of Sector 2814 while Jordan is assigned to recruit new Corps members.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Soon after obtaining his freedom from Maltus, Gardner becomes a founding member of the Justice League International after the original JLA disbands in the 1986-87 storyline "Legends". In his time with the JLI, Gardner resents Batman's leadership of the group, going so far as to challenge the Dark Knight to a fist fight. In a notorious panel, Batman downs Guy with one punch after Guy takes off his ring. The other members leave him lying on the floor. When Guy wakes up, he bangs his head on a console and knocks himself out. When he comes to, his personality has changed to kind and gentle. Until he hits his head again at a later point, Guy is kind, sweet, boyishly innocent, and a perfect gentleman to the female members of the group. Guy's run in JLI is full of constant personality shifts and endless arguing between team members. This leads to a fight with Lobo, the sucker-punching of Blue Beetle during a boxing match, and finally him quitting the team after being "belittled" by Superman.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Gardner is romantically involved with his fellow Leaguer Ice, even learning some rudimentary Norwegian, but he is often callous to her and slow to admit his feelings. Their relationship ends with her death at the hands of the Overmaster.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: The relationship with Ice is revisited in the 2022 DC Black Label series The Human Target, in which Gardner is depicted as an obsessive stalker, enraged by Ice's romance with Christopher Chance. In issue 5 of the series, in what has been described as "the of the most startling things your reviewer has ever witnessed in a superhero comic", Ice freezes Gardner and Chance (in an echo of Batman's "one punch" in "Justice League" #5 (1987)) smashes Garner's frozen body into chunks. This storyline seems unlikely to be part of DC Comics' main continuity.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After completing his assignment of recruiting new Corps members, Jordan returns to Earth to reclaim his title as Green Lantern of Sector 2814. Gardner's response is to challenge Jordan to a fight where the loser would quit the Corps. Gardner loses and surrenders his ring. After some failed run-ins with Goldface and Black Hand as a non-powered vigilante, he sets out on a quest to regain his power and identity. Tricking Lobo into assisting him, he invades Qward to find the yellow power ring of Sinestro, but is told by the Qwardians that the ring is unique and never returned to Qward. He then travels to Oa and finds it on Sinestro's hand in the "Crypt of the Green Lantern Corps".


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Gardner's own comic series begins with him using the yellow ring and a modified costume similar to his Green Lantern costume but from street clothes. The yellow ring does not use a battery to recharge. It needs to be used against the rings of Green Lanterns so it can absorb their residual energy to restore its power. Gardner discovers this by accident when Kilowog fights him.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy Gardner returns to Earth to pick a fight with Superman but eventually rejoins the Justice League and helps battle the monster Doomsday. Guy and his teammates are brutally beaten and Superman is killed during the creature's defeat. During the Reign of the Supermen storyline, when four different versions of Superman appear after his death, Guy fights, becomes allies with and later endorses the Last Son of Krypton Superman, who is actually the Eradicator. Later, Guy clears his name of murder that is committed by his Draalian clone "Joe Gardner" and learns that his brother Mace has become the assassin Militia. After a brawl between the two, Guy decides to take the codename Warrior.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In the ""-based miniseries "I Can't Believe It's Not the Justice League", Guy assists the Super Buddies and is revealed to have kept his yellow ring.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: By this time, the power of Guy's ring begins to fluctuate due to the meddling of the villain Parallax (Hal Jordan). Deprived of his powers, Guy wears a golden exosuit provided by Blue Beetle which simulates superhuman strength. Guy is not happy with this initial suit as it does not feel as natural as using a ring power. The exosuit first appears in issue 18, the second issue to feature the new title of "Guy Gardner; Warrior". Although the exosuit is destroyed during combat with Militia in issue 19, Guy's power ring provides him with a new exosuit constructed of ring energy. This is much more to Guy's liking.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After the destruction of his hometown, a grief-stricken and power-hungry Hal Jordan destroys the Green Lantern Corps. Ganthet first comes to Guy Gardner to offer him the last Green Lantern power ring. When Gardner refuses, Ganthet decides to entrust it to Kyle Rayner.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After Guy starts having visions of Oa's destruction and his power starts to mysteriously increase, he leads a group of heroes to Oa to find out what happened to the Corps. Guy and his team are ambushed and quickly defeated by Parallax. Guy manages to trick Hal into thinking that he is dead by simulating a ring powered construct of himself that was impaled by an energy pike. Guy uses the element of surprise and managsd to evenly match Hal in a fight for a few minutes. Eventually Hal gains the upper hand, defeats Gardner and destroys his ring. Parallax then punches out one of Gardner's eyes and sends him and his team back to Earth. Guy awakes in the hospital after spending three weeks in a coma. Deprived again of his power ring, he is forced to find an alternate means of acquiring power.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy joins up with the Doc Savage analogue Buck Wargo and his globe-trotting Monster Hunters, which features obscure Silver Age hero Tiger-Man (Desmond Farr) along with Joey Hong and Rita Muldoon. On an expedition to the Amazon, Gardner finds and drinks from the chalice of the Warrior Water. This activates alien DNA that was implanted in his bloodline a millennium ago by the Vuldarians, a space-traveling race. He discovers new, shapeshifting abilities that writer Beau Smith claims were editorially mandated to capitalize on the success of "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers", and which would allow him to resume his role as a superhero. When Guy first emerges, his body assumes the shape of his old exosuit, albeit red instead of gold, and his lost eye is restored. Guy's body remains that way until the end of the "" storyline. He morphes weapons directly out of his arms as of "Zero Hour" issue #2.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Gardner opens a superhero theme bar called Warriors, as both a source of income and a base between his adventures. He is joined by Buck's group, Veronna, mightiest of the Nabba Jungle tribe of women, who guards the Warrior Water and believes she is destined as Guy's mate, and those who are brought on as bouncers for Warriors but act as fellow adventurers: Lady Blackhawk (displaced in time by ), Wildcat, Lead, and Arisia.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: His early days as Warrior see him struggling with his newfound powers. He has difficulty changing his body into any weapon, and his transformations often cause him pain. After a breakdown that leads to a confrontation with Superman and Supergirl, with some soul-searching help from his supposed ancestor Cardone, Gardner is finally able to use his new powers to form most non-energy-based weapons from his body, as well as absorb some forms of energy and redirect them through his various "weapons". Another ability, his capability to use the knowledge of warriors from across space and time, is rarely used and mostly forgotten. Guy has many enemies during the series including Evil Star, Gorilla Grodd, Black Serpent, Sledge, Major Force, Martika the Seductress, Bronkk and the Tormocks (ancient nemeses to the Vuldarians), Mudakka, and Dementor as well as the return of his clone (now going by the name Enforcer), the Quorum, and his brother Militia with girlfriend Honey. He teams with many heroes including Steel, with whom he becomes close friends. Gardner also becomes good friends with Lobo after the defeat of the Tormocks.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: During the time that Gardner fights against Dementor, he learns that his enemy is also a product of Vuldarian breeding. Dementor's father raped a Vuldarian woman. Dementor is sent to Hell, where he reveals that he is the one responsible for Gardner's constant personality shifts (in a sense, explaining why his personality changed drastically over the years). In the last issues, Gardner finally deals with his "family", as well as revealing another side of his Vuldarian powers, the ability to heal mortal wounds.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Over the course of the series, Gardner makes peace with a great deal of his past. On one Christmas, the Spectre, on behalf of the Phantom Stranger, makes it possible for Guy to communicate with his deceased father, who apologizes for the abuse, both physical and mental, he placed upon Guy, his brother Mace, and their mother. He reveals how proud he is of all the accomplishments Guy achieved as a man and the pair reconcile. Afterward, Guy gives his condolences to Ice's mother over their shared loss of her daughter and she provides him an ice sculpture to remind him of her daughter. A celebration held at Warriors for the holiday sees Guy cross paths with an inebriated Fire. The pair shares a kiss after expressing how much they miss Ice. It is suggested they sleep together after this.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After the "Warrior" series is canceled, Gardner continues to appear in the DC Universe; most notably as a recurring character in the "Green Lantern" series during Kyle Rayner's run and a reserve member of the JLA. He seems to be killed during the "Our Worlds at War" crossover. He is later discovered to be trapped in a pocket of Hell called the Gorge in General Zod's country of Pokolistan. After freeing himself by switching places with Superman villain Kancer as ruler of the Gorge, his Warrior powers are apparently enhanced. He declares it his job to do less ethical things that heroes like Superman cannot. However, this new direction only lasts for 30 issues of "Guy Gardner: Warrior" (which crosses over in the Way of the Warrior with "Justice League America" and "Hawkman" featuring cameos of Lobo and former Green Lantern Probert) and his many several appearances over a span of ten years.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: During the 2005 miniseries "", Gardner's Vuldarian DNA is overwritten by his human DNA when Parallax possesses Gardner and several Green Lanterns. Hal Jordan's ring splits in two and Gardner's ring is restored to him. Eventually, Parallax is defeated by the combined effort of all five active Green Lanterns, including Gardner. The Guardians then select Gardner as one of the senior officers of the new Green Lantern Corps.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In the 2005–2006 miniseries "" (written by Dave Gibbons), the Guardians assign Gardner to be one of the Corps' three main instructors, along with Kilowog and Kyle Rayner. The trio is responsible for the training of the new Corps, to which the Guardians intend to name 7,200 members. Gardner is not at all appreciative of his new role. When he complains to the Guardians, they tell him that success in training new recruits could lead to him being given a new position.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Gardner plays a significant role in defeating the Spider Guild attack on Oa. Discovering that trainee Soranik Natu has disappeared into the forbidden Vega star system, which the Guardians' pact with the Psions of Vega forbids Green Lanterns from entering, Gardner and Kyle Rayner led a rescue mission in direct violation of Oan policy. Once there, the Lanterns discover the Spider Guild nest and determine that its next target is the Oan sun. Returning just as the attack commences, Gardner gathers the frightened trainee Green Lanterns and rallies them with a speech that impresses even his longtime rival, Hal Jordan. Gardner's performance in repelling the attack results in his promotion to Lantern #1 of the Green Lantern Honor Guard, a position of authority over other Lanterns. In this new role, Gardner is expected to "think outside the box" and "do the jobs other Lanterns cannot", a function well-suited to his irascible personality.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In his new role as Lantern #1, Guy leads the Corps in the defense of Oa against Superboy-Prime, creating a wall of energy to slow the rampaging teen and calling a "Code 54", authorizing the use of extreme force. Guy supervises the final capture and imprisonment of Superboy-Prime, locking him in a red Sun-Eater provided by Donna Troy and organizing a constant watch of fifty Lanterns to keep him imprisoned.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy spends the entire "missing year" following "Infinite Crisis" doing missions for the Guardians without shore leave (though he is infrequently seen on Earth in the "52" weekly limited series, it should be assumed he has sneaked away from the Guardians' watch). When he is finally granted some time off one year later, his relaxation is cut short by an attack by a grudge-holding Bolphunga the Relentless. Soon after, Guy assisted Hal Jordan on an unsanctioned mission to the Manhunter homeworld, Biot. Through Hal and Guy's efforts, several long-lost and believed deceased lanterns (including Arisia, Chaselon, Jack T. Chance, Graf Toren, Hannu, Ke'Haan, Laira, and Boodikka) were freed from imprisonment by the Cyborg Superman. Upon returning from the mission, Guy was punished by the Guardians and forced to endure one month as one of the fifty Lanterns on "Prime Duty". Lanterns of the Honor Guard, like Guy, are allowed to break the rules three times before expulsion.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: According to "Green Lantern" writer Geoff Johns in a 2006 Newsarama interview, Prime would not be escaping under Guy's watch: "Not at all. That’s ridiculous. Anyone who’s read Guy Gardner for the last two years in "Green Lantern" or in "Green Lantern Corps" knows that he’s a much better, stronger character than that. And even in the old Giffen stuff, he would probably break some rules, taunt the other heroes, and drink a beer or two, but he would not be that much of an idiot. He was never that much of an idiot, and certainly not with what I'm doing with him, or with what Dave Gibbons is doing with him in "Corps". He has his moments, and he’s a really fun character, but he's definitely not going to be a moron. His role is not DCU Moron. His role is DCU Shitkicker".


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy is briefly part of the Corps' Black Ops division. Dubbed "The Corpse", members forsake their rings for stealthier powers provided by the Guardians. Guy takes part in one mission with this secretive unit. He is tasked with locating Von Daggle, a Durlan who was formerly in charge of the Corpse. Gardner relays a message from the Guardians, informing Daggle that he was reinstated. From there, Daggle takes command of Gardner, leading him to the homeworld of the Dominators, a race of superscientists with a grudge against Earth. Together, they defeat a super-evolved Dominator, though the Corpse's use of lethal force does not sit well with Guy. Gardner informs Daggle that he cannot be a part of his crew and Daggle wipes his memory, musing that "humans never make the cut".


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In the "Sinestro Corps War" storyline, Superboy-Prime and Cyborg Superman escape imprisonment when the Sinestro Corps attacks Oa, killing the guards on Prime Duty. Guy, along with fellow Green Lanterns Hal Jordan and John Stewart, are captured by Parallax during battle and brought to Qward. Guy and Stewart are then held prisoner by Lyssa Drak, who forces them to relive tragedies in their lives. Hal manages to defeat Lyssa and free Guy and John from their nightmare. In the skirmish following their escape, Parallax nearly breaks Gardner's neck. Upon returning to their universe, they defend Earth from the entire Sinestro Corps. After helping to free Kyle from Parallax's possession, Parallax is split into four pieces by former Guardians Ganthet and Sayd, and placed into the power batteries of Hal, John, Guy, and Kyle. Guy is infected by the Sinestro Corps' deadly alien virus named Despotellis, but cured by the Green Lantern Corps' own sentient smallpox virus, Leezle Pon.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Within the aftermath of the Sinestro Corps War, Guy is finally reunited with former girlfriend Ice, recently resurrected. Despite Ice's uncertainty as to the wisdom of reviving the old romance, Guy's professions of adoration seem sufficient to convince her to meet him for a proper date on the same spot exactly one month later. Before leaving Earth to open a bar/restaurant on Oa, Guy leaves Ice a note. She declines his proposal to cohabit on Oa, and Guy reads her desire to rebuild a new life on Earth with her best friend Beatriz as an attempt to distance from him, accusing Beatriz of pitting Ice against him. The two agree that their current situations will make a relationship impossible.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In the "Blackest Night" storyline, Guy and Kyle Rayner are opposed to the Guardians' decision to execute all Sinestro Corps members and all other prisoners and attempt unsuccessfully to convince the Alpha Lanterns and the Guardians themselves to stay away from the dark path on which they are headed, and are reassigned to Earth. They later try to return to Oa, and fail to repel an invasion of a swarm of black rings to Oa's Lantern crypt, where the corpses of fallen Lanterns are reanimated as Black Lanterns. In the ensuing conflict, Guy is forced to crush the body of the insectoid Bzzd, but is then impaled through the leg by Ke'Haan.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After Kyle is killed in the explosion of Chaselon's power battery, Guy flies into a rage, and is transformed into a Red Lantern. Now powered by both of his green and red power rings, Guy seeks vengeance against the Black Lanterns and is able to destroy them on sight effortlessly with his combined weapons. Despite Kyle's resurrection at the hands of Star Sapphire Miri Riam, Guy turns his murderous rage on his former friends, before Mogo purges the Red Lantern rage from him, though he is told only a Blue Lantern can cure him completely. He then joins the battle against Nekron on Earth.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After the events of "Blackest Night", Guy Gardner stars in the monthly series "Emerald Warriors", written by Peter Tomasi. While searching for a cure for his Red Lantern rage, it is revealed that Guy entered into an alliance with Red Lantern leader Atrocitus. This briefly alienates Guy from Kilowog and Arisia.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: In the "War of the Green Lanterns" storyline, the influence of Parallax, now restored to the Central Power Battery, forces Guy and the other Earth Lanterns to use the rings of other Corps. Guy, citing his experience with the Red Lanterns, chooses the red power ring. During their conflict with the Green Lantern Corps, Guy and his allies release Parallax from the Central Power Battery, Guy using the Star Sapphire ring in conjunction with the Red Lantern ring, drawing on his love of the Corps and his hatred and his anger to power both rings at once, the two emotional extremes proving sufficient to release Parallax from the battery. Guy is subsequently cleansed of the Red Lantern energy by Kyle Rayner's blue ring before each reclaims his usual ring.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Gardner, John Stewart, and an elite Green Lantern Strike Team star in a relaunched "Green Lantern Corps" series, which debuted in September 2011 as part of DC's The New 52 relaunch. This series debuted with author Peter J. Tomasi and art by Fernando Pasarin and Scott Hanna. Guy is also shown on the cover for the new "Justice League International" series that was released that same month, written by Dan Jurgens and with art by Aaron Lopresti. Initially, Guy appears to be the one Earth Green Lantern that the Guardians still appear to rely on, what with Hal having been expelled after "War of the Green Lanterns", Kyle being expelled due to his alliance with the , and John being put on trial for killing another Lantern. However, the Guardians really plan to undermine all four Earth Lanterns by sabotaging Guy's career after building it up, ensuring a precipitous fall.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: This plan begins when the Guardians promote Guy to the role of 'Sentinel Lantern' and entrust him with guarding a group of ambassadors travelling to a planet for a crucial conference. They subsequently release Guy's old enemy Xar from the Science cells and create the impression that he is going after Guy's family on Earth. They predicted that Guy would abandon his duty and return to Earth while Xar attacks the ambassadors. With the rest of his team having been absorbed by the Third Army, Guy escapes only through his strength of will, averting the Third Army's attempt to 'recruit' him. With Xar having killed the ambassadors, the Guardians order Guy to resign from the Corps to redeem the damage he has done.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Feeling depressed after a phone conversation with his family, during which his father dismisses superheroes as overly reliant on their powers, Guy attempts to spend the night fighting crime with only his natural skills. This backfires when he interrupts a police sting operation, culminating in him being arrested by his sister. While in prison, he is attacked by the Third Army, but is rescued by Green Lanterns Simon Baz and B'dg, who send the civilians to safety before crushing the Third Army and retreating to the Sea of Tranquility on the moon. Guy is angered when he discovers that the Guardians have turned against him and the Corps. Simon and B'dg dispatch him to the planet Oa. There, Guy reclaims his ring and joins Kilowog and the others reserve Corps members in their rebellion against the treacherous Guardians.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: After the villainous First Lantern is destroyed and the unemotional Guardians are killed off by Sinestro, Guy and Kilowog locate where Salaak was imprisoned by the Guardians and free him. Guy is angered when he discovers Salaak's surveillance footage of Xar being released by the Guardians. Salaak helps him locate Xar’s whereabouts, and discovers that Xar is located on Earth and preparing to kill off Guy's family. Guy manages to speed up with Saint Walker's willing assistance to arrive in time to blast Xar to be incinerated, and reunites with his family.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Following the event, Guy is placed in the cast of the "Red Lanterns" series where he is sent by Hal Jordan to join the Red Lanterns undercover. He defeats Atrocitus and takes command of the group. It is revealed that part of his decision to join with the Red Lanterns is feeling as if he has never fit in as a Green Lantern. As a Red Lantern Gardner manages to keep his rage in check, successfully leading most of the Red Lanterns; Atrocitus leads a splinter group and allows new Red rings to cause murderous justice-based rampages to continue. After joining with the Green Lanterns to defeat the cosmic terrorist Relic, Hal promises to give the Red Lanterns a sector for them to watch over, unwittingly this sector becomes Sector 2814, where Earth resides, giving guardianship of Earth to the Red Lantern Corps.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy also tries to reunite with Ice but she has undergone several personal revelations of her own and needs time apart; Guy promises to give her just that.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy Gardner is trained to use a Green Lantern power ring, which is only limited by the user's willpower. He later acquires Sinestro's Qwardian power ring, which is later revealed to be based on the bearer's control of fear. This early version of a yellow ring is powered by absorbing plasma radiation expelled from a Green Lantern ring. It seems to make Guy more invulnerable than a normal Green Lantern. He uses both for basic Lantern abilities including constructs, flight, and energy projection, though it also causes him some difficulty on occasion. For example, if he asks it a question he will get an answer in Qwardian, which he does not speak. In "Green Lantern: Rebirth" #6 it is mentioned that Guy Gardner's ring is constantly sparking with energy, as if unable to contain the power of his will. Following Kyle Rayner's apparent death, Guy's rage causes a red power ring to latch onto him, bestowing on him the ability to generate napalm like flames that will burn even in space. Unlike most Red Lanterns, Guy retains his intelligence, and, like Hal Jordan when he was under the thrall of a red ring, Guy is able to shape the red flames into solid constructs. Unlike Hal, Guy's green ring remains active, allowing him to combine the two lights and obliterate the Black Lanterns. Guy is also the first male character seen to wield a love-powered Star Sapphire ring, wearing it in conjunction with the Red Lantern ring (he states that the result feels like he has blood and sugar in his mouth). During the events of the "Green Lanterns: The Lost Army", Guy creates a new uniform using both his green and red rings. Later during the final battle, the Power Converters used by Lightsmiths convert Guy's Red Lantern Ring to a Green Lantern ring, thus ending his connection to the Red Lantern Corps.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy's Vuldarian powers include limited shapeshifting abilities which allow him to create weapons out of his body like blades and energy guns, shielding, armor or equipment which he has total control over. At first, these transformations cause him pain and he is unable to shrink from his 7-foot height. He maintains super strength, stamina, and durability around Superman's strata, the power of flight, capable of surviving in outer space unassisted, accelerated healing, and has access to the memories of deceased Vuldarians (touted as the most dangerous warriors in the history of the universe). Trained by the Vuldarian Cardone, Gardner becomes highly skilled in using his abilities and practices extensively in the martial arts. During the , he suffers a metahuman power discharge and his Vuldarian abilities go into recession. Coincidentally, when he awakes, he is near Hal Jordan's power ring, which has the ability to duplicate itself. Gardner once more has a power ring, and following the return of the Guardians of the Universe, he is once again a Green Lantern.


title: Guy Gardner (character)

text: Guy becomes the caretaker of a mystical artifact that survives the events of the 2005 "Infinite Crisis" storyline, after it is discovered on New Earth by Kyle Rayner. It has the power to temporarily awaken the dead and has also served as a dimensional gateway. The Guardians eventually use the artifact for a ritual to merge the willpower entity Ion with Sodam Yat during the "Sinestro Corps War".


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Hacienda Luisita is a 6,453-hectare sugar plantation located in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. The hacienda spans 11 barangays in three towns of Tarlac province. Most of the original farmworkers reside in 10 villages – Barangays Balete, Cutcut (or Sta. Catalina), Lourdes (formerly Texas), Mapalacsiao (formerly Luisita), Asturias, and Bantog in Tarlac City; Barangay Motrico in La Paz town; and Barangays Parang (formerly San Sebastian), Mabilog (formerly Pasajes) and Pando in Concepcion town. The original estate includes the Central Azucarera de Tarlac (CAT) sugar mill and a golf course. The eleventh village is Barangay Central in Tarlac City which houses the CAT sugar mill, the St. Martin de Porres Hospital and the Our Lady of Lourdes Church. It features Luisita Golf and Country Club, a golf course and Las Haciendas de Luisita Subdivision, a 5-interconnected luxury subdivision.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Originally owned by the Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas (Tabacalera), it is now owned by the family of Jose Cojuangco who acquired the hacienda in the late 1950s. The estate's incorporators, who control 70 percent of Hacienda Luisita's stock shares, are Pedro Cojuangco, Josephine C. Reyes, Teresita C. Lopa, José Cojuangco Jr., and María Paz C. Teopaco, all siblings of the late former President Corazón C. Aquino who, on the day she became President of the Philippines, bequeathed her shares to her five (5) children and the Daughters of Charity and other non-profit organizations. The remaining 30 percent of the stock shares was given to farm workers under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program's stock distribution option scheme.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Hacienda Luisita was once part of the holdings of Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas S.A., better known as Tabacalera. The land was owned by Spain, by virtue of the country's colonial relationship to the Philippines. The tobacco company was founded on 26 November 1881 by Antonio López y López from Comillas, Cantabria and Santiago de Cuba, and Don Guillermo Rubio born in Santander, Cantabria.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 1780, the popularity of cigars in the Philippines prompted Spanish authorities to impose a tobacco monopoly, such that the only ones able to plant, manufacture, and sell cigars were the colonial government. Tabacalera was a private enterprise López founded with the sole intention of taking over the Philippine tobacco monopoly from the Spanish colonial government; the monopoly was abolished a year after López acquired the estate. This included the Hacienda Antonio (named after his eldest son), Hacienda San Fernando and Hacienda Isabel (named after his eldest daughter) in Cagayán and Isabela provinces, where the La Flor de Isabela cigar was cultivated. Due to the high profits of sugar and tobacco in the Philippines, López and his son, Claudio López Bru, the second to hold the title, donated some of the profits to the Jesuits to create the Pontifical University of Comillas, a university outside Madrid.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: During the American period, the hacienda supplied almost 20% of America's sugar from 1898 to the 1940s (from the Spanish–American War until World War II) back when the Tabacalera still owned it. Because of this, the Luisita sugar became popular locally as well. The Spanish-owned hacienda flourished mainly because of America's obsession with sugar. In the 1920s, Tabacalera then left the tobacco business to focus on the growing sugar industry to cater to U.S. demand, since this product was more profitable at the time. They invested heavily on the business by constructing a sugar refinery known as Central Azucarera de Tarlac (CAT) which used American centrifugal machinery technology in order to double the production and lessen the cost of shipping sugar to a refinery in Laguna owned by the Roxas Family.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The refinery became the largest sugar central in the Philippines thus increasing Tabacalera's profits. With a new production line, the refinery required a new system for more efficiency. Workers were laid off or forced to retire since old farm workers were not familiar with the new technology. This then resulted to continuous protests for a year. The hacienda produced 126,129 tons of sugar in 1928 as well as allegedly receiving additional tons of sugar with current prices of Php 23,450. The workers then found out that the hacienda was receiving multiple fines that were deducted from the workers’ wages, which sparked outrage.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: During the Japanese period, the hacienda still continued all operations in sugar production. A Japanese policy was put in place to ensure that supplies in commodities such as rice and sugar were not interrupted and were made available to Filipinos in order to avoid insurgencies or rebellions. The continuation of the production both served the Japanese and the Spanish's interests at that time.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 1942, Luis Taruc and 200 members formed HUKBALAHAP, a peasant based guerrilla army to fight the Japanese forces. Many of these members were farmers of Hacienda Luisita because of their discontent with Tabacalera, advocating for the distribution of land. On 25 January 1945, General Douglas Macarthur set up his headquarters at Hacienda Luisista to fight Japanese forces in the Philippines.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 1947, a farmer's wife was reported to be raped by one of the remaining Spanish directors of the hacienda. In support of her, other wives lay themselves on the railroad tracks to stop the trains carrying sugar from being delivered. The Spanish director immediately left for Spain which pushed the Hukbalahap to execute the Spanish "encargados" (managers) in front of the guest house when they refused to admit to the crime.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 1957, the owners of the Tabacalera decided to sell Hacienda Luisita as well as the sugar mill, Central Azucarera de Tarlac (CAT), because of the Hukbalahap rebels who were causing them problems. The CAT was supposed to be sold to the López brothers, Eugenio and Fernando, but the purchase was vetoed by President Ramon Magsaysay due to the brothers owning multiple businesses such as MERALCO, ABS-CBN, "Manila Chronicle", Negros Navigation, as well as a number of substantial agricultural holdings, which the president deemed to problematic because the brothers were becoming too powerful.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: President Magsaysay then offered Central Azucarera de Tarlac to José Cojuangco Sr. through Benigno Aquino Jr (José's son-in-law) in early 1957. Aquino was Magsaysay's political prodigy and personal assistant at that time, which helped the Cojuangcos in purchasing CAT. As agreed upon, the hacienda would be paid for in pesos, while the CAT would be paid for in US dollars. The Philippine government aided the Cojuangcos in obtaining the loans needed to pay the price.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 1957, José Cojuangco took control of CAT and the hacienda through Manufacturers Trust Company, New York. endorsed by the Central Bank of the Philippines, as well as the Government System Insurance Service (GSIS). The Central Bank approved the loan in August 1957 under two conditions, one of which states that CAT be acquired together with Hacienda Luisita and that the hacienda shall be distributed to farmers under the Magsaysay's social justice program. The government then authorized a P 5.9 million loan from GSIS which was approved in November 1957. The Cojuangco group was given a ten-year window to distribute the lands to farmers as stipulated. Finally on 1958, Cojuangco’s Tarlac Development Corporation (TADECO) became the new owner of Hacienda Luisita as well as CAT. Aquino then became Luisita’s first administrator.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The year 1967 marked the end of the ten-year window given to the Cojuangcos in order to distribute the land. However, the Cojuangcos failed to distribute any land. In response, farmers began to organize themselves in order to push for the distribution. This was combined with political unrest in the country. The United Luisita Workers Union (ULWU) was created because of this. This was the same year Aquino was elected senator.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Martial Law was declared in the Philippines on 21 September 1972, and Aquino was among the first to be imprisoned for treason, murder, subversion and weapons possession. During this time, the Marcos administration took an interest in enforcing land reform.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Cojuangco died on 21 August 1976. On 7 May 1980, the government filed a case against TADECO before the Manila Regional Trial Court (RTC). The case (Republic of the Philippines vs. TADECO, Civil Case No. 131654, Manila Regional Trial Court, Branch XLIII) sought the surrender of the hacienda to the Ministry of Agrarian Reform in order to properly distribute the land to the qualified farm workers. The Cojuangco group responded saying that there were no such tenants or farm workers qualified to receive such land. This was during the same time that Aquino and his family were to leave for exile in the United States. At the time, the anti-Marcos block portrayed this lawsuit as an attack on the Aquino family by the Marcoses, while the farmers viewed it as the government taking action to help them.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Aquino was assassinated on 21 August 1983. On 2 December 1985, the Manila RTC ordered TADECO to surrender Hacienda Luisita to the Ministry of Agrarian Reform (now, the Department of Agrarian Reform) due to noncompliance of the land reform act. TADECO alleged that the hacienda housed no tenants and that the hacienda's sugar lands were not covered by existing agrarian reform legislations. The Cojuangco group brought the case to the Court of Appeals due to their belief that the case was an act of harassment by the Marcos administration because Corazon Aquino ran against Marcos in the 1986 presidential election. Of note is that land reform was one of the issues her campaign focused on. The elections were fraught with anti-Marcos allegations and led to the People Power Revolution.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Despite the installation of Corazon Aquino as President of the Philippines, the hacienda was not being distributed. Thousands of farmers marched to Malacañang Palace on 22 January 1987. 13 protesting farmers were shot in what is now known as the "Mendiola Massacre." On 22 July 1987, Aquino issues Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order No. 229, which outlined her agrarian reform program. On 18 May 1988, the case the Marcos administration filed against TADECO was dismissed by the Court of Appeals, and the Philippine government, under the Aquino administration, moved to dismiss its own case. On 10 June 1988, the Republic Act No. 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) is signed into law by President Aquino. The law includes a Stock Distribution Option (SDO) which would allow landowners to distribute the stock shares of the land to the farmers, instead of actual land.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In compliance with the CARP, 4915.75 hectares of Hacienda Luisita were folded into Hacienda Luisita Inc. (HLI) on 23 August 1988, in order to comply with a stock distribution agreement between the landowners and farm workers. The hacienda's farmers voted 92.9% in favor of the SDO with regards to the land reform act. This agreement was implemented on 11 May 1989. The farm workers' therefore now owned 33% of the plantation, while the Cojuangco group retained ownership of the remaining 67% stock. In accordance with the SDO agreement, there would be a 30-year schedule for distributing and transferring the stocks to the farmers.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 1 September 1995, 3,290 hectares of the hacienda were reclassified from agricultural to commercial, industrial, and residential land. This was passed by the Provincial Board of Tarlac, the governor of which was Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco, wife of José Cojuangco Jr., brother of Cory Aquino. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) approved the conversion of 500 hectares in 1996.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 2003, hacienda workers filed a petition to have the SDO agreement revoked and in 2005, the DAR cancelled the stock distribution agreement. It was cited that the SDO had failed to improve the lives of the more than 5,000 farmer beneficiaries. HLI appealed this decision, but in May 2006, the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council rejected with finality the motion of HLI to reconsider the revocation of the stock distribution agreement. However, the Supreme Court issued a temporary restraining order, stopping the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council from parceling out the land to the workers.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: Agrarian land distribution in the hacienda was completed during the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte in December 2018, after the last 117 farm workers in the hacienda have been handed their certificates of land ownership award covering . On 27 August 2019, Duterte completed the distribution of remaining portions of land in the hacienda under the agrarian reform program in a ceremonial distribution of over of land.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The Cojuangcos have often garnered criticism for their ownership of the estate with some critics highlighting it as a central issue with the Philippine oligarchy. The incorporators of HLI, which control 70% of the stock shares of the Hacienda, are Pedro Cojuangco, Josephine C. Reyes, Teresita C. Lopa, José Cojuangco Jr., and María Paz C. Teopaco — all siblings of the late former President Corazón C. Aquino who, on the day she became President of the Philippines, bequeathed her shares to her children and non-profit organizations such as the Daughters of Charity for fear that it would be used as political propaganda.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The remaining 30% of the stock shares was given to farm workers under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program's Stock Distribution Option scheme.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The signing into law of Republic Act No. 6657 or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) on 10 June 1988 signaled the beginning of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) under former President Corazon Aquino. One of the clauses of the CARP provided for a Stock Distribution Option (SDO), which would allow for compliance with the agrarian reform law by distributing stocks of the hacienda to the farm workers rather than actual land.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 9 May 1989, a referendum was held among the farm workers of Hacienda Luisita to determine whether stocks or land would be the means by which the hacienda would be distributed. The results of the May 1989 referendum, as well as a second referendum held in October of the same year, found that a great majority of the Hacienda farm workers voted in favor of distribution of stock rather than land. The terms of the SDO agreement of the Hacienda are quoted as follows:


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: “At the end of each fiscal year, for a period of 30 years, the SECOND PARTY (HLI) shall arrange with the FIRST PARTY (TADECO) the acquisition and distribution to the THIRD PARTY (farm workers) on the basis of number of days worked and at no cost to them of one-thirtieth (1/30) of 118,391,976.85 shares of the capital stock of the SECOND PARTY (HLI) that are presently owned and held by the FIRST PARTY (TADECO), until such time as the entire block of 118,391,976.85 shares shall have been completely acquired and distributed to the THIRD PARTY (farm workers)."


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The SDO agreement however was met with considerable criticism, most notably in 2003 when hacienda workers (farmers, HLI supervisory group workers, union officers) began filing petitions to the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) to have the SDO agreement revoked due to their dividends and other promised benefits not being given. Daily wage was at P194.50, and there was only one working day per week, due to the mechanizing of some tasks in the hacienda. A petition with more than 5,300 signatures was filed to revoke the SDO agreement and stop land conversion in the hacienda.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In 2004, the workers' union tried to negotiate with the management to increase daily wages to P225 and increase work days to 2–3 days weekly. Management refused. In 1 October of that year, 327 workers (farm workers and union officers) were retrenched.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 6 November 2004, United Luisita Workers Union (ULWU) and the Central Azucarera de Tarlac Labor Union (CATLU) launched a strike near Gate 1 of the Central Azucarera de Tarlac sugar mill. The protesters were pushing for an increase in their P9.50 weekly wage, increased worker benefits and, more broadly, a greater commitment for national land reform. Over a thousand farmers, and another several thousand union members attended the demonstration.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 16 November 2004, ten days after the start of the said strike, police and soldiers were dispatched by then Labour Secretary Patricia Santo Tomás, to storm and disperse the blockade. The enforcers utilized tear gas, water cannons, guns, and military vehicles to disseminate the crowd. Seven of the people participating in the rally were killed, an estimated number of 121 people, adults and children, were injured, and 133 people were arrested and detained.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The incident has sparked a national outcry, however, then Deputy Speaker Benigno ‘Noynoy’ Aquino III, Representative of Tarlac, claims that the dispersal done by the enforcers was justified. A case was filed against the police and military with regards to the injuries and deaths, however it was dismissed by the office of the Ombudsman in 2010. Proceeding that, a motion to reopen the case was filed by the families of the victims, however, it was declined by the Office of the Ombudsman on 2 October 2014.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The November 2004 massacre or more popularly known as the Hacienda Luisita massacre is one of the most prominent instances of protest related deaths of Filipinos in recent years. In the months following the Hacienda Luisita massacre, eight more people who either supported or provided evidence to the farmers’ cause were found murdered, beginning with the assassination of peasant leader Marcelino Beltran just before he was to testify about the massacre.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In the aftermath of the November 2004 massacre, the DAR established Task Force Luisita to conduct further investigations and conduct focus group discussions among the farmers. On 22 September 2005, based on the findings of its investigations, Task Force Luisita recommended the revocation of the SDO agreement forged between Hacienda Luisita Inc. (HLI) and the farm workers. Three months later, on December of the same year, the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council (PARC) issued a resolution ordering the revocation of the SDO agreement and the distribution of the hacienda's land among the farm workers. Land distribution and the cancellation of the SDO agreement was halted however in June 2006 when the Supreme Court granted the petition of HLI and issued a temporary restraining order on the PARC resolution.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 18 August 2010, oral arguments on the Hacienda Luisita case were heard by the Supreme Court for the first time since the dispute was brought to its doors in 2006. A landmark decision was ultimately reached on 5 July 2011, wherein the Supreme Court lifted the temporary restraining order on the 2005 PARC resolution and upheld both the distribution of land to the hacienda's farm workers and the revocation of the SDO agreement forged in 1989. In acknowledgement of the fact that 93% of the hacienda's farm workers voted in favor of SDO in the 1989 referendum, included in the July 2011 decision was the further mandating of the DAR to hold another referendum to determine which among the hacienda's farm workers would wish to receive land or to remain as stockholders of HLI. This decision to hold another referendum was met with considerable criticism however as critics asserted that agrarian reform laws stipulate that land distribution should be the only viable option and alternatives such as the SDO violate this.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 22 November 2011, the Supreme Court modified its July 2011 decision and revoked the option for the hacienda farm workers to remain as stockholders of HLI, stating:


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: “Upon a review of the facts and circumstances, We realize that the FWBs [Farmer-Worker Beneficiaries] will never have control over these agricultural lands for as long as they remain as stockholders of HLI…


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In line with Our finding that control over agricultural lands must always be in the hands of the farmers, We reconsider our ruling that the qualified FWBs should be given an option to remain as stockholders of HLI, inasmuch as these qualified FWBs will never gain control given the present proportion of shareholdings in HLI.”


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In compliance with agrarian reform laws, the Supreme Court decisions further stated that HLI was entitled to payment by the government as just compensation for distributing the hacienda's lands to the farm workers. The corporation was to receive compensation for the distributed land based on its valuation on the date of its taking from HLI.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: In line with this, HLI presented 2 January 2006 as the appropriate date of taking based on when a Notice of Coverage was issued by the DAR placing the hacienda's land under compulsory acquisition. However the Supreme Court maintained its initial stance that the date of taking be marked at 21 November 1989, based on when the original stock distribution plan was approved, stating this was when ownership of the lands was initially relinquished to make way for its distribution to the farm workers via stock. Under the 2006 valuation of the distributed land, the compensation payment would have amounted to about P5 billion while under the 1989 valuation of the distributed land, the compensation would total only about P200 million.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: On 24 April 2012, the Supreme Court released a final and executory decision regarding Hacienda Luisita:


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: 1. In determining the date of taking, the Court voted 8-6 to maintain the ruling fixing November 21, 1989 as the date of taking, the value of the affected lands to be determined by the LBP and the DAR;


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: 2. On the propriety of the revocation of the option of the FWBs [Farmer-Worker Beneficiaries] to remain as HLI stockholders, the Court, by unanimous vote, agreed to reiterate its ruling in its November 22, 2011 Resolution that the [stock distribution option] granted to the FWBs stays revoked;


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: 3. On the propriety of returning to the FWBs the proceeds of the sale of the 500-hectare converted land and of the 80.51-hectare SCTEX land, the Court unanimously voted to maintain its ruling to order the payment of the proceeds of the sale of the said land to the FWBs less the 3% share, taxes and expenses specified in the "fallo" of the November 22, 2011 Resolution;


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: 4. On the payment of just compensation for the homelots to HLI, the Court, by unanimous vote, resolved to amend its July 5, 2011 Decision and November 22, 2011 Resolution by ordering the government, through the DAR, to pay to HLI the just compensation for the homelots thus distributed to the FWBS.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: WHEREFORE, the Motion to Clarify and Reconsider Resolution of November 22, 2011 dated December 16, 2011 filed by petitioner Hacienda Luisita, Inc. and the Motion for Reconsideration/Clarification dated December 9, 2011 filed by private respondents Noel Mallari, Julio Suniga, Supervisory Group of Hacienda Luisita, Inc. and Windsor Andaya are hereby DENIED with this qualification: the July 5, 2011 Decision, as modified by the November 22, 2011 Resolution, is FURTHER MODIFIED in that the government, through DAR, is ordered to pay Hacienda Luisita, Inc. the just compensation for the 240-square meter homelots distributed to the FWBs.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The July 5, 2011 Decision, as modified by the November 22, 2011 Resolution and further modified by this Resolution is declared FINAL and EXECUTORY. The entry of judgment of said decision shall be made upon the time of the promulgation of this Resolution.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The Supreme Court ruling states that the 4,916 hectares of Hacienda Luisita is to be redistributed to 6,296 registered farm-worker beneficiaries, while the Hacienda Luisita Incorporated (HLI) will be receiving 40,000 pesos per hectare as compensation. This is based on the 1989 valuation of the Hacienda Luisita that the Supreme Court had voted upon. But from the 4,916 hectares to be redistributed, 500 hectares were converted into non-agricultural use on 18 August 1996 by the Department of Agrarian Reform, while 80.5 hectares was also subtracted for the development of the Subic Clark Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX). Other inconsistencies within area size have caused conflicting numbers, but according to the DAR this then leaves only 4,099.92 hectares of land to be distributed.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: The process of land distribution was decided to be through lottery system, wherein the names of the beneficiaries are placed into a drum, and those chosen will be given the Lot Allocation Certificate (LAC). Farmer-worker Beneficiaries then sign the Application to Purchase and Farmers' Undertaking (APFU), for the registry of their Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA), which is the actual land title. The lottery system had started on 18 July 2013 in Barangay Cutcut, Tarlac City with 340 farmers being given the first batch of Lot Allocation Certificates. But it was on 30 September 2013, where DAR Secretary Virgilio de los Reyes started awarding the actual Certificate of Land Ownership (CLOA) to 600 Farmer-worker beneficiaries in Barangay Pando.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: As of 12 July 2016, 4,099 hectares have been already distributed to farmers, but the sales shares from the Hacienda Luisita's converted land to be paid to the farmer-worker beneficiaries have been left unpaid which amounts to 1.3 billion pesos. On 24 April 2017, protesters consisting of the Unyon ng mga Manggagawa sa Agrikultura (UMA) and other militant organizations had gone to Hacienda Luisita to protest against the 348 hectare land that was turned over to Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC) back on 25 November 2004 for a 431.7 million peso loan obligation. The protest led to property damage, where protesters had destroyed over 100 meters of a wall surrounding the contested lot. On 21 February 2018, Luisita Land Corporation has since filed a case against 15 farmers for the protest, for malicious mischief and trespassing of the RCBC owned land.


title: Hacienda Luisita

text: As of 4 July 2018, the Hacienda Luisita has fully complied with distributing the sales shares to farmers. The 1.3 billion peso was broken down as such: P500 million received from Luisita Realty Inc. for a 200 hectare lot sold in 1996, P750 million for the selling of Luisita Industrial Park, and around P80 million for the 80.51 hectares used for the SCTEX road network. The ruling also states that 3% of the earlier stock transfers that were paid to the farmers will be deducted from the 1.3 billion to be received.


title: Jack Kesy

text: Jack Kesy () is an American actor. On television, he has portrayed Gabriel Bolivar on the FX horror drama "The Strain" (2014–2016) and Roller Husser on the TNT dark comedy "Claws" (2017–19). He also played Black Tom Cassidy in the Marvel Comics film "Deadpool 2" (2018).


title: Mazda Demio

text: The is a subcompact/supermini/B-segment small car manufactured by Mazda since 1996. While sold across four generations in the domestic Japanese market, the Demio nameplate was rarely used outside of Japan, where it was usually called the Mazda2. The Demio nameplate was retired in 2019 as Mazda changed over to "Mazda2" for their home market as well.


title: Mazda Demio

text: The Demio is built on the Mazda D platform and was preceded by two other small cars based on the platform: the Ford Festiva (designed and built by Mazda for Ford and also sold as the Mazda 121) that was introduced in 1986 on the DA platform and the Revue (sold by Mazda's Autozam marque) introduced in 1990 on the DB platform. The Mazda Demio added the DW ("W" for wagon) platform in 1996. The name "Demio" is derived from Latin "meus" to show possession, which in many Romance languages has become "mio."


title: Mazda Demio

text: The third generation Demio earned the 2008 World Car of the Year title, while the fourth generation was awarded the 2014–2015 "Japanese Car of the Year".


title: Mazda Demio

text: When it came to redesigning the Revue, Mazda came up with a tall hatchback, minivan-esque package (the sedan-only Revue was already over tall). Introduced in a time full of negative press coverage, the Demio became a surprise hit for Mazda in Japan, and also foreshadowed B-segment minivans such as the Opel Meriva, Fiat Idea and the Renault Modus.


title: Mazda Demio

text: At its introduction in 1997, it won the Automotive Researchers' and Journalists' Conference Car of the Year award in Japan.


title: Mazda Demio

text: Production of the new Demio started in July 1996 (sold as the 121 outside Japan and Europe) used the DW platform. Ford retailed a version in Japan as the Ford Festiva Mini Wagon. In 1997, the Mazda logo was changed to the current logo. The Demio received a horizontal grille in September 1998 for Japanese market. The Demio received a facelift in December 1999 with a revised exterior, redesigned dashboard, cabin air filtration, retuned automatic transmission, and available DSC. The original Demio was replaced in 2002.


title: Mazda Demio

text: The original DW model was produced in Mazda's Colombia plant as "Mazda Demio" until the end of 2007 when the DE model replaced it.


title: Mazda Demio

text: Beginning with the 2002 second generation Demio, export models received "Mazda2" badging. The third generation appeared in early 2007, followed by a fourth generation in September 2014. Mazda continued to call the car Demio in its home market (and some select export markets) until the nameplate was retired in favor of the global moniker in September 2019.


title: Gangotri

text: Gangotri is a town and a "Nagar Panchayat" (municipality) in Uttarkashi district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is 99 km from Uttarkashi, the main district headquarter. It is a Hindu pilgrim town on the banks of the river Bhagirathi – the origin of the river Ganges. The town is located on the Greater Himalayan Range, at a height of . According to popular Hindu legend, Goddess Ganga descended here when Lord Shiva released the mighty river from the locks of his hair.


title: Gangotri

text: Gangotri is one of the four sites in the Chota Char Dham pilgrimage circuit. It is also the origin of the Ganges river and seat of the goddess Ganga. The river is called Bhagirathi at the source and acquires the name "Ganga" (the Ganges) from Devprayag onwards where it meets the Alaknanda. The origin of the holy river is at Gaumukh, set in the Gangotri Glacier, and is a 19 km trek from Gangotri. The original Gangotri Temple was built by the Nepalese general Amar Singh Thapa. The temple is closed from Diwali day every year and is reopened on Akshaya Tritiya. During this time, the idol of the goddess is kept at Mukhba village, near Harsil. Ritual duties of the temple are supervised by the Semwal family of pujaris. These pujaris hail from Mukhba village.


title: Gangotri

text: A temple dedicated to Goddess Ganga is located near a sacred stone where King Bhagiratha worshipped Lord Shiva. According to Hindu culture, Goddess Ganga took the form of a river to absolve the sins of King Bhagiratha's predecessors, following his severe penance of several centuries. Bhagiratha Shila is a sacred slab where king Bhagiratha meditated. Ganga is believed to have touched earth at this spot. According to another legend, Pandavas performed the great ‘Deva Yagna‘ here to atone the deaths of their kinsmen in the epic battle of Mahabharata. Hindus believe that performing the ancestral rites on the banks of Bhagirathi frees the spirit of the ancestor from the cycle of rebirth and a holy dip in its waters cleanses sins committed in the present also past births.


title: Gangotri

text: The Gangotri temple opens on the auspicious day of Akshaya Tritiya which falls in the month of May and closes on Yama Dwitiya or Bhai Dooj which falls in the month of November. The Gangotri temple remains closed for the rest of six months. The Goddess shifts to the village Mukhba during the winter months. In the month of May, Ganga Dussehra is celebrated with great fanfare as the day of the birth of Ganga.


title: Gangotri

text: According to the 2011 census of India, there are total 47 families residing in Gangotri. The total population of Gangotri is 110 out of which 97 are males and 13 are females. The literacy rate of Gangotri is 99.1%. The entire population of Gangotri identifies as Hindu.


title: Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

text: The Grand Prix is an award of the Cannes Film Festival bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films. It is the second-most prestigious prize of the festival after the Palme d'Or, and it replaced


title: Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

text: the Special Jury Prize, which was considered a "second place" award until after this award was introduced.


title: Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

text: The award was first presented in 1967. The prize was not awarded in 1977. The festival was not held at all in 2020. In 1968, no awards were given as the festival was called off mid-way due to the May 1968 events in France. Also, the jury vote was tied, and the prize was shared by two films on 10 occasions (1967, 1971, 1976, 1978, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2011, and 2021–22). Andrei Tarkovsky, Bruno Dumont, Nuri Bilge Ceylan, and Matteo Garrone have won the most awards in this category, each winning twice. Three directing teams have shared the award: Paolo and Vittorio Taviani for "The Night of the Shooting Stars" (1982), Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne for "The Kid with a Bike" (2011), and Joel and Ethan Coen for "Inside Llewyn Davis" (2013). Márta Mészáros was the first woman to have won the award, for 1984's "Diary for My Children".


title: Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

text: Since 1995, the official name of the award has been simply the "Grand Prix", but it has had two other names since its creation in 1967: the "Grand Prix Spécial du Jury" (1967–1988) and the "Grand Prix du Jury" (1989–1994).


title: Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

text: In addition, the award should not be confused with the "Grand Prix du Festival International du Film" (1939–1954; 1964–1974), which was the highest prize of the festival and a precursor to the "Palme d'Or".


title: Long Dong Silver

text: Long Dong Silver is a British retired porn star known for his large penis. He was born in 1960 in London, England, as Daniel Arthur Mead. His stage name is a reference to the fictional "Treasure Island" character Long John Silver.


title: Long Dong Silver

text: Famed for the apparent size of his penis, reputedly , he appeared in several pornographic movies in the UK and US during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Photographer Jay Myrdal said that although Silver "was immensely endowed ... a good nine or ten inches", the penis featured in his porn shoots was faked. After at first using "complicated multi-exposure techniques" to enhance it in still photography, Myrdal later persuaded Christopher Tucker, the makeup artist for the 1980 film "The Elephant Man", to create a prosthetic. Myrdal described it as "very light, a very delicate foam latex sleeve that fit on over the cock, carefully glued down underneath by the pubes and then made up".


title: Long Dong Silver

text: Silver's debut film was the low-budget "Sex Freaks", released in 1979, in which he co-starred with Vicki Scott. In 1982, he appeared with the actress Seka in "Beauty and the Beast", shot in the US. Silver reached a new audience in the wake of allegations of sexual harassment during the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination in the US Senate in 1991, as Anita Hill alleged that Thomas had mentioned to her that he was a viewer of Silver's films.


title: Killing Bites

text: When attacked by some college students, Hitomi kills all of them except Yūya, who is shocked to see her transform into a beast and battle a lion monster at an abandoned waste facility. These strange people are "Brutes", fighters that have been created to combine the brains of humans and the fangs of beasts. The "Killing Bites" battles have been the decisive turning points in the Japanese economy since ancient times. Hitomi is assigned to protect Yūya.


title: Killing Bites

text: "Killing Bites" is written by Shinya Murata and illustrated by Kazuasa Sumita. It has been serialized in Hero's Inc. "seinen" manga magazine "Monthly Hero's" since November 30, 2013. The magazine ceased publication on October 30, 2020 and the series was transferred to "Comiplex" website, starting publication on November 27, 2020. Shogakukan has collected its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was released on September 5, 2014. As of July 29, 2021, eighteen volumes have been released.


title: Killing Bites

text: A spin-off manga series written and illustrated by Sumita, titled "Hoshigarisugi Desho!? Inaba-san " (Desire Overload, Right Inaba!?), was launched on "Wild Hero's" website on August 21, 2020. The series will focus on the character, Inaba.


title: Killing Bites

text: A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired from January 13 to March 31, 2018 on MBS TV's "Animeism" programming block. The opening theme is "killing bites" by fripSide, and the ending theme is by Kitsunetsuki. Amazon Video streamed the Director's Cut version worldwide. The four Blu-ray releases were released from March 28, 2018 to June 26, 2018. Each release has three episodes inside the disc for a total of 12 episodes. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the series for home video release in North America.


title: Killing Bites

text: A video game adaptation for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita was announced in 2015, developed by Nex Entertainment. The game was delayed in 2016 after the developer was dissolved, and the game's development was later suspended.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Afghan cuisine (, ) is influenced by Persian, Central Asian and Indian cuisines due to Afghanistan's close proximity and cultural ties. The cuisine is mainly based on Afghanistan's main crops, such as wheat, maize, barley, and rice. Accompanying these staple grains are native fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, whey, pomegranates, grapes, and sweet melons. Most of the people's diet revolve around rice-based dishes, while naan bread is consumed with most meals. Tea is generally consumed daily in large quantities, and is a major part of hospitality. The culinary specialties reflect the nation's ethnic and geographic diversity. The national dish of Afghanistan is Kabuli palaw, a rice dish cooked with raisins, carrots, nuts and lamb or beef.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: The cuisine of Afghanistan has elements from various places, for example chillies or garam masala from India, coriander and mint from Iran, dumplings and noodles from Uzbekistan and China, kebabs from Turkey and Arabia, and palaw from Central Asia. The similarities can be seen in the use of spices like cumin and cinnamon (as in Indian cuisine), green cardamom flavors (as in Chinese tea), and kebabs and yoghurts (as in Turkish and Arabic cuisines).


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Palaw is cooked similarly to challow, but a combination of meat, stock, , and herbs are also mixed in before baking, resulting in the elaborate colors, flavors, and aromas from which the rice got its name. Sometimes caramelized sugar is used to give the rice a rich brown color. Examples of palaw include:


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Naan is a type of flat-bread cooked in an oven made from a hole in the ground. The bread is slapped onto a stone wall to cook. Other varieties include naan-e-Afghan/naan-e-tandoori (a type of Afghan bread cooked in a vertical ground clay oven or a tandoor) and naan-e-tawagy (flatbread cooked on a flat pan), among others.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: There is a wide variety of dumplings. Known under the name "khameerbob" and often eaten as dumplings, these native dishes are popular. Due to the long time required to make the dough for the dumplings, they are rarely served at large gatherings, such as weddings. They are instead served on special occasions at home.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Qormah (also spelled "korma" or "qorma") is an onion- and tomato-based stew or casserole usually served with challow rice. First, onion is caramelized, for a richly colored stew. Then tomato is added, along with a variety of fruits, spices, and vegetables, depending on the recipe. The main ingredient, which can be meat or other vegetables, is added last. There are hundreds of different types of including:


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Afghan kabob is most often found in restaurants and at outdoor street vendor stalls. Most of the time, it contains lamb meat. Kabob is made with naan instead of rice. Customers have the option to sprinkle sumac or "ghora ("dried ground sour grapes) on their kabob. Pieces of fat from the sheep's tail () are usually added to the skewers to add extra flavor.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Chapli kebab, a specialty of eastern Afghanistan, is a patty of minced beef. It is a popular barbecue meal in both Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is prepared flat and round and served with naan. The original recipe of chapli kabob dictates a half meat, half flour mixture which renders it lighter in taste and less expensive.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Afghan chicken or Murgh Afghani is a classic example of one of the most famous dishes of Afghanistan. Chicken dishes are usually found in restaurants and at outdoor street vendor stalls. Unlike in the Indian cooking style, chicken in Afghan cuisine is often used with the intention that it be "halal". Cream, butter, and curd are customary ingredients in all chicken recipes, whether served as an appetizer or a main course.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Quroot (or qoroot) is a reconstituted dairy product, traditionally a by-product of butter made from sheep's or goat's milk. The residual buttermilk remaining after churning butter is soured further (by keeping it at room temperature for a few days), treated with salt, and then eventually boiled. The precipitated casein is filtered through cheesecloth, pressed in order to remove liquid, and then shaped into balls; the product is thus a hard and very sour cottage cheese. Though it can be eaten raw as a savory snack, it is typically served with cooked Afghan dishes such as aushak, mantu, and kichri qoroot.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Doogh (also known by some Afghans as "shomleh" or "shlombeh") is a cold drink made by mixing water with yogurt and then adding fresh or dried mint. Some variations of doogh include the addition of crushed or diced cucumber chunks. It is the second most widely consumed drink in Afghanistan (the first being tea), especially during lunchtime in summer. Doogh can be found at almost every Afghan grocery store and is served in restaurants.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Tea in Afghanistan is called "chai", which can either be green or black. It is consumed at all times, especially a short time after finishing a meal or with guests during any social gathering. Most people drink green tea with no sugar. Some add saffron, sugar or cardamom.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: "Sheer chai" (which translates from "milk tea") is also consumed but mostly in the morning and on special occasions. It is a type of Kashmiri chai. Many people of Afghanistan also drink masala chai, particularly in cities such as Asadabad, Jalalabad, Khost and Kandahar.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan, constituting about 42% of the country's total population. A major dish in Pashtun culture is Sohbat, found at traditional gatherings and events. Other major Pashtun dishes include lamb-skewered "sajji" and "chapli kebab". The name "dampukht" stands for steamed meat, and "Khaddi kebab" is the Afghan shashlik, which is grilled on an open fire, on a spit.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Although it differs from region to region, Pashtun cuisine is meat-heavy and often includes caramelized rice. For example, the dish known as "bolani" in the north and east is often called "borogyen" in the south and west of Afghanistan.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Common summer beverages include "shlombeh", also known in Persian as "doogh", a drink consisting of liquid yogurt, mint, and "bedreng" (Afghan cucumber). "Sherbet" is an ice-sugared cold drink. "Sheer yakh" is a sweet ice-like product, literally translating to "cold milk".


title: Afghan cuisine

text: The Hazara people in central Afghanistan (in the region of Hazarajat) and western Pakistan (Balochistan province) have their own fare. The Hazaragi cuisine shares some similarities with neighboring regional cuisines, so it is mainly influenced by Central Asian, Persian, and South Asian cooking. However, cooking methods vary in some of the dishes of these neighboring cuisines.


title: Afghan cuisine

text: Traditionally, dinners are held on a tablecloth on the floor, which is called the "dastarkhan". Meals are normally eaten with the right hand. After a meal, tea with dessert is served.


title: George Deukmejian

text: June 6, 1928 – May 8, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 35th governor of California from 1983 to 1991. Of Armenian descent, Deukmejian was a member of the Republican Party and he also served as the attorney general of California from 1979 to 1983.


title: George Deukmejian

text: Deukmejian was born Courken George Deukmejian Jr. in Menands, New York. His parents were Armenians born in the Armenian Highlands, who emigrated from the Ottoman Empire to the United States in the early 1900s. His father, Courken George Deukmejian, whose sister was killed during the Armenian Genocide, was a rug merchant born in Aintab. Deukmejian's mother, Alice Gairden, was born in Erzurum; in the United States she worked for Montgomery Ward and later for New York State.


title: George Deukmejian

text: Deukmejian attended local schools. For college, he graduated in 1949 with a B.A. in Sociology from Siena College. He earned a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from St. John's University in New York City in 1952. From 1953 to 1955, he served in the U.S. Army, assigned to the Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG).


title: George Deukmejian

text: Deukmejian moved to California in 1955 where his sister, Anna Ashjian, was living and there was a large Armenian community. She introduced him to his future wife Gloria Saatjian, a bank teller whose parents were also immigrants from Armenia. They married on February 16, 1957. He and his wife had three children: two daughters, born in 1964 and 1969; and one son, born in 1966.


title: George Deukmejian

text: Deukmejian entered politics in California after a short period of private legal practice in Long Beach alongside Malcolm M. Lucas. In 1962, Deukmejian was elected to represent Long Beach in the State Assembly.


title: George Deukmejian

text: In 1966, he was elected as a state senator, serving from 1967 to 1979. He was a high-profile advocate for capital punishment. By 1969, he was the Majority Leader of the California State Senate.


title: George Deukmejian

text: He first ran for Attorney General of California in 1970, finishing fourth in the Republican primary. He won the election for Attorney General in 1978 and served from 1979 to 1983. During this time, he led a high-profile campaign against cannabis in northern California. Additionally, he led a veto override against Governor Jerry Brown, who had vetoed legislation to authorize the death penalty.


title: George Deukmejian

text: Deukmejian was elected in 1982 to his first term as Governor of California. He first defeated Lieutenant Governor Mike Curb, a recording company owner, in the Republican primary. One of his early primary backers was former gubernatorial candidate Joe Shell of Bakersfield, a conservative who had opposed Richard M. Nixon in the 1962 California primary. Upon his victory, "The New York Times" reported,


title: George Deukmejian

text: "The image that comes across of Mr. Deukmejian - a devoted family man, an Episcopal churchman, an ice cream lover - led one reporter to write, <nowiki>"</nowiki>California may have accidentally elected Iowa's Governor.<nowiki>"</nowiki>"


title: George Deukmejian

text: In the general election, Deukmejian ran as a conservative supporter of public safety and balanced budgets. In addition, he was strongly critical of outgoing Governor Jerry Brown and promised to run a very different administration. He strongly criticized the Supreme Court of California, which was dominated by Brown appointees, notably controversial Chief Justice Rose Bird.