title: Gerardus Mercator

text: Apart from a revision of the map of Europe in 1572 there would be no more large wall maps and Mercator began to address the other tasks that he had outlined in the Cosmographia. The first of these was a new definitive version of Ptolemy's maps. That he should wish to do so may seem strange given that, at the same time, he was planning very different modern maps and other mapmakers, such as his friend Abraham Ortelius, had forsaken Ptolemy completely. It was essentially an act of reverence by one scholar for another, a final epitaph for the Ptolemy who had inspired Mercator's love of geography early in his life. He compared the great many editions of the Ptolemy's written Geographia, which described his two projections and listed the latitude and longitude of some 8000 places, as well as the many different versions of the printed maps which had appeared over the previous one hundred years, all with errors and accretions. Once again, this self-imposed diligence delayed publication and the 28 maps of Ptolemy appeared in 1578, after an interval almost ten years. It was accepted by scholars as the "last word", literally and metaphorically, in a chapter of geography which was closed for good.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: In 1589, at the age of 77, Mercator had a new lease of life. He took a new wife, Gertrude Vierlings, the wealthy widow of a former mayor of Duisburg (and at the same time he arranged the marriage of Rumold to her daughter). A second collection of 22 maps was published covering Italy, Greece and the Balkans. This volume has a noteworthy preface for it includes mention of Atlas as a mythical king of Mauretania. "I have set this man Atlas," explained Mercator, "so notable for his erudition, humaneness, and wisdom as a model for my imitation." A year later, Mercator had a stroke which left him greatly incapacitated. He struggled with the assistance of his family trying to complete the remaining maps, the ongoing theological publications and a new treatise on the Creation of the World. This last work, which he did succeed in finishing, was the climax of his life's activities, the work which, in his own opinion, surpassed all his other endeavours and provided a framework and rationale for the complete atlas. It was also his last work in a literal sense for he died after two further strokes in 1594.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: Mercator was buried in the church of in Duisburg where a memorial was erected about fifty years after his death. The of the epitaph is a summary of his life lauding him as "the foremost mathematician of his time who crafted artistic and accurate globes showing the heaven from the inside and the Earth from the outside ... greatly respected for his wide erudition, particularly in theology, and famous on account of his piety and respectability in life." In addition, on the base of the memorial, there is an epigram:


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: Following Mercator's death his family prepared the Atlas for publication—in four months. It was hoped for source of the income that was needed to support them. This work entailed supplementing the maps of the 1585 and 1589 with 28 unpublished maps of Mercator covering the northern countries, creating four maps of the continents and a world map, the printing of Mercator's account of the creation and finally the addition of eulogies and Walter Ghim's biography of Mercator. The title itself provides Mercator's definition of a new meaning for the word "Atlas": "Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura" which may be translated as "Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the fabric of the world and the figure of the fabrick'd", or, more colloquially, as "Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the creation of the universe, and the universe as created." Over the years Mercator's definition of "atlas" has become simply "A collection of maps in a volume."


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: The atlas was not an immediate success. One reason may have been that it was incomplete: Spain was omitted and there were no detailed maps outside Europe. Rumold avowed that a second volume would attend to these deficiencies but it was not forthcoming and the whole project lost momentum; Rumold, who was 55 years old in 1595, was in decline and died in 1599. His family did produce another edition in 1602 but only the text was reset, there were no new maps. Another reason for the failure of the Atlas was the strength of the continuing sales of the "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" of Abraham Ortelius. Alongside the sumptuous maps of that book Mercator's un-ornamented new maps looked very unattractive. Despite the death of Ortelius in 1598 the Theatrum flourished: in 1602 it was in its thirteenth Latin edition as well as editions in Dutch, Italian, French, German and Spanish. The Mercator atlas seemed destined for oblivion.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: The family was clearly in some financial difficulty for, in 1604, Mercator's library of some 1,000 books was sold at a public auction in Leiden (Netherlands). The only known copy of the sale catalogue perished in the Second World War but fortunately a manuscript copy had been made by Van Raemdonck in 1891 and this was rediscovered in 1987. Of the titles identified there are 193 on theology (both Catholic and Lutheran), 217 on history and geography, 202 on mathematics (in its widest sense), 32 on medicine and over 100 simply classified (by Basson) as rare books. The contents of the library provide an insight into Mercator's intellectual studies but the mathematics books are the only ones to have been subjected to scholarly analysis: they cover arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, surveying, architecture, fortification, astronomy, astrology, time measurement, calendar calculation, scientific instruments, cartography and applications. Only one of his own copies has been found—a first edition of Copernicus's "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" annotated in Mercator's hand: this is held by Glasgow University.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: The sale catalogue doesn't mention any maps but it is known that the family sold the copper plates to Jodocus Hondius in 1604. He transformed the atlas. Almost 40 extra maps were added (including Spain and Portugal) and in 1606 a new edition appeared under his name but with full acknowledgement that most maps were created by Mercator. The title page now included a picture of Hondius and Mercator together although they had never met. Hondius was an accomplished business man and under his guidance the Atlas was an enormous success; he (followed by his son Henricus, and son-in-law Johannes Janssonius) produced 29 editions between 1609 and 1641, including one in English. In addition they published the atlas in a compact form, the Atlas Minor, which meant that it was readily available to a wide market. As the editions progressed, Mercator's theological comments and his map commentaries disappeared from the atlas and images of King Atlas were replaced by the Titan Atlas. By the final edition the number of his maps in the atlas declined to less than 50 as updated new maps were added. Eventually the atlas became out-of-date and by the middle of the seventeenth century the publications of map-makers such as Joan Blaeu and Frederik de Wit took over.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: Mercator's editions of Ptolemy and his theological writings were in print for many years after the demise of the atlas but they too eventually disappeared and it was the Mercator projection which emerged as his sole and greatest legacy. His construction of a chart on which the courses of constant bearing favoured by mariners appeared as straight lines ultimately revolutionised the art of navigation, making it simpler and therefore safer. Mercator left no hints to his method of construction and it was Edward Wright who first clarified the method in his book "Certaine Errors" (1599)—the relevant error being the erroneous belief that straight lines on conventional charts corresponded to constant courses. Wright's solution was a numerical approximation and it was another 70 years before the projection formula was derived analytically. Wright published a new world map based on the Mercator projection, also in 1599. Slowly, but steadily, charts using the projection appeared throughout the first half of the seventeenth century and by the end of that century chart makers all over the world were using nothing but the Mercator projection, with the aim of showing the oceans and the coastlines in detail without concern for the continental interiors. At some stage the projection made the unfortunate leap to portrayal of the continents and it eventually became the canonical description of the world, despite its manifest distortions at high latitudes. Recently Mercator's projection has been rejected for representations of the world but it remains paramount for nautical charts and its use stands as his enduring legacy.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: Many cities have a statue of Mercator. His name has been attached to ships, buildings, universities, insurance companies, small businesses, pizzerias, streets, schools and more. There is a Belgian bank note. There is a German coin and incorrect postage stamp (showing a construction which is not the Mercator Projection). He has been modelled in sand and giant figures. There is a venomous snail and a beetle. An is named for him. On 5 March 2015, Google celebrated his 503rd birthday with a Google Doodle.


title: Gerardus Mercator

text: The globes by Gemma Frisius and Mercator are discussed in Volume 3 of the History of Cartography (Cartography in the European Renaissance). Chapter 6: "Globes in Renaissance Europe" by Elly Dekker. Chapter 44: "Commercial Cartography and Map Production in the Low Countries, 1500–ca. 1672" by Cornelis Koeman, Günter Schilder, Marco van Egmond, and Peter van der Krogt. The definitive work is "Globi neerlandici: the production of globes in the Low Countries" by Peter van der Krogt.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The Sky Tower is a telecommunications and observation tower in Auckland, New Zealand. Located at the corner of Victoria and Federal Streets within the city's CBD, it is tall, as measured from ground level to the top of the mast, making it the tallest freestanding structure in the Southern Hemisphere and the 28th tallest tower in the world. Taller than any building in the Southern Hemisphere, since its completion in 1997 the Sky Tower has become an iconic landmark in Auckland's skyline, due to its height and design.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower is part of the SkyCity Auckland casino complex, originally built in 1994–1997 for Harrah's Entertainment. Several upper levels are accessible to the public, attracting an average of 1,150 visitors per day (over 415,000 per year).


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The upper portion of the tower contains two restaurants and a cafe—including New Zealand's only revolving restaurant, located from the ground, which turns 360 degrees every hour. There is also a brasserie-style buffet located one floor above the main observatory level. It has three observation decks at different heights, each providing 360-degree views of the city. The main observation level at has thick glass sections of flooring giving a view straight to the ground. The top observation deck labeled "Skydeck" sits just below the main antenna at and gives views of up to in the distance.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower also features the "SkyJump", a jump from the observation deck, during which a jumper can reach up to . The jump is guide-cable-controlled to prevent jumpers from colliding with the tower in case of wind gusts. Climbs into the antenna mast portion ( heights) are also possible for tour groups, as is a walk around the exterior.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower was constructed as a part of the Skycity casino precinct. The Skycity Entertainment Group's initial brief for the project were that they required a tower that was both a high-quality tourist attraction, and a marketable telecommunications facility. Fletcher Construction was the contracted builder for the project while engineering firm Beca Group provided the design management and coordination, structural, geotechnical, civil, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, lighting and fire engineering services. Harrison Grierson provided surveying services. It was designed by Gordon Moller of Craig Craig Moller Architects and has received a New Zealand Institute of Architects National Award as well as regional awards. The project architect was Les Dykstra. Taking two years and nine months to construct, the tower was opened on 3 August 1997.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower is constructed of high-performance reinforced concrete. Its diameter shaft (containing four lifts and an emergency stairwell) is supported on eight "legs" based on 16 foundation piles drilled over deep into the local sandstone. The main shaft was built using climbing formwork.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The upper levels were constructed from composite materials, structural steel, precast concrete and reinforced concrete, and the observation decks clad in aluminium with blue/green reflective glass. A structural steel framework supports the upper mast structure. During construction of concrete, of reinforcing steel, and of structural steel were used. The mast weighs over . It had to be lifted into place using a crane attached to the structure, as it would have been too heavy for a helicopter to lift. To then remove the crane, another crane had to be constructed attached to the upper part of the Sky Tower structure, which dismantled the big crane, and was in turn dismantled into pieces small enough to fit into the elevator.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower is designed to withstand wind in excess of and designed to sway up to in excessively high winds. As a safety precaution the Sky Tower's lifts have special technology installed to detect movement (such as swaying due to high wind) and will automatically slow down. If the building sway exceeds predetermined safety levels the lifts will return to the ground floor and remain there until the high winds and building sway have abated.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The Sky Tower is built to withstand an 8.0 magnitude earthquake located within a radius. There are three fireproof rooms on levels 44, 45, and 46 to provide refuge in the event of an emergency, while the central service lift shaft and stairwells are also fire-safety rated.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower is also used for telecommunications and broadcasting with the Auckland Peering Exchange (APE) being located on Level 48. The aerial at the top of the tower hosts the largest FM combiner in the world which combines with 58 wireless microwave links located above the top restaurant to provide a number of services. These include television, wireless internet, RT, and weather measurement services.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower is Auckland's primary FM radio transmitter, and is one of four infill terrestrial television transmitters in Auckland, serving areas not covered by the main transmitter at Waiatarua in the Waitākere Ranges. A total of twenty-three FM radio stations and six digital terrestrial television multiplexes broadcast from the tower. Two VHF analogue television channels broadcasting from the tower were switched off in the early hours of Sunday 1 December 2013 as part of New Zealand's digital television transition.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The following table contains television and radio frequencies currently operating from the Sky Tower:


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: SkyCity Auckland lights the Sky Tower to show support for a range of organisations and charities. SkyCity has a lighting policy and the public is invited to suggest additional occasions in line with this policy. Common lighting events include:


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The tower is lit up for special occasions. Examples include New Zealand's 2021 vaccination campaign, with the tower illuminated in blue and white when 80% and 90% vaccination rates were achieved. The tower was blue and yellow in early March 2022 in solidarity with Ukraine over the 2022 Russian invasion. After SkyCity initially refused requests from members of the public to lend support, Phil Goff as mayor of Auckland intervened and the Sky Tower was one of three Auckland landmarks that was lit up for three days (the others were the Auckland Harbour Bridge and Auckland War Memorial Museum). The tower went blue to honour the death of Constable Matthew Hunt. Also in March 2022, the tower was red celebrating the Auckland Arts Festival.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The top half of the Sky Tower is lit by energy efficient LED lighting which replaced the original metal halide floodlights in May 2009. The LEDs can produce millions of different colour combinations controlled by a DMX lighting controller. The original lights used 66 per cent more energy than the current LED system. The bottom half remained lit by metal halide lamps, until they too were upgraded to LED lighting in 2019.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: In an effort to promote power saving, SkyCity turned off the tower lighting in Winter 2008, retaining only the flashing red aviation lights. SkyCity is also minimising façade flood lighting across its complex. Simon Jamieson, general manager SkyCity Auckland Hotels Group, said: "Like every New Zealander, we are concerned about the country's electricity supply, and we believe it is our responsibility to make this move to assist with the power saving request." The tower was reilluminated on 4 August in support of New Zealand athletes competing at the Beijing Olympics.


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The Sky Tower is used in support of special charity events. The Leukemia and Blood Foundation of New Zealand organises annual fundraising stair climb challenges, notably the "Firefighters Sky Tower Stair Challenge" which sees firefighters from around New Zealand race up 1,108 steps (out of 1,267 total steps). Climbing the Sky Tower stairs has been described as a "vertical marathon".


title: Sky Tower (Auckland)

text: The Sky Tower is also the venue of the annual "Tower de Force" competition. It includes a climb up 1,226 steps (out of 1,267 total steps), and various other military skills tests that change yearly. Participants include the RNZAF, RNZN, New Zealand Army, New Zealand Defence Force veterans, New Zealand Police and, more recently, units from the New Zealand Cadet Forces. The competition is used to raise funds for numerous charities, including in 2019 Mike King's The Key to Life Charitable Trust.


title: Parkinsonism

text: Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. These are the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease (PD), after which it is named, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and many other conditions. This set of symptoms occurs in a wide range of conditions and may have many causes, including neurodegenerative conditions, drugs, toxins, metabolic diseases, and neurological conditions other than PD.


title: Parkinsonism

text: Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease: tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability.


title: Parkinsonism

text: Parkinsonism gait problems can lead to falls and serious physical injuries. Other common symptoms include:


title: Parkinsonism

text: About 7% of people with parkinsonism developed symptoms as a result of side effects of medications, mainly neuroleptic antipsychotics especially the phenothiazines (such as perphenazine and chlorpromazine), thioxanthenes (such as flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol) and butyrophenones (such as haloperidol), and rarely, antidepressants. Yet another drug that can induce parkinsonism is the antihistaminic medication cinnarizine, usually prescribed for motion sickness; this is because besides antagonizing histamine receptors this drug antagonizes the dopamine D2 receptors. The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism increases with age. Drug-induced parkinsonism tends to remain at its presenting level and does not worsen like Parkinson's disease.


title: Parkinsonism

text: Evidence exists of a link between exposure to pesticides and herbicides and PD; a two-fold increase in risk was seen with paraquat or maneb/mancozeb exposure.


title: Parkinsonism

text: Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure has been shown to produce a parkinsonism-like illness characterized by movement abnormalities. This condition is not responsive to typical therapies used in the treatment of PD, suggesting an alternative pathway than the typical dopaminergic loss within the substantia nigra. Manganese may accumulate in the basal ganglia, leading to the abnormal movements. A mutation of the SLC30A10 gene, a manganese efflux transporter necessary for decreasing intracellular Mn, has been linked with the development of this parkinsonism-like disease. The Lewy bodies typical to PD are not seen in Mn-induced parkinsonism.


title: Parkinsonism

text: Agent Orange may be a cause of parkinsonism, although evidence is inconclusive and further research is needed.


title: Parkinsonism

text: In the United States, the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) added parkinsonism to the list of presumptive conditions associated with Agent Orange exposure, enabling affected service members to receive Veterans Affairs disability benefits.


title: Farhad Moshiri

text: Farhad Moshiri (; born 18 May 1955) is a British-Iranian businessman based in Monaco. He is the chairman and a shareholder of USM, a diversified Russian holding company with significant interests across the metals and mining, telecoms, technology and internet sectors. Moshiri is also the majority owner of Premier League football club Everton.


title: Farhad Moshiri

text: Moshiri was born in the Imperial State of Iran, and his parents left just before the 1979 revolution. His father, Majid, (1926–2020) was an army doctor who trained as a pathologist and later became a senior military judge and his mother's family owned Iran's leading publishing house, "Kayhan". He studied economics and statistics at University College London, and subsequently qualified in the UK as a chartered certified accountant.


title: Farhad Moshiri

text: Moshiri worked for various professional services firms including Ernst & Young (1979–1985), Pannell Kerr Forster (1985–1987) and Deloitte & Touche (1987–1992), latterly as a senior manager in Deloitte's audit division. Between 1993 and 2006, he served as Executive Director of GNE Group plc and later served as Chief Executive Officer of Europe Steel Limited (formerly Europe Steel plc) from 2000 to 2008. Between 2006 and 2013, he served as the chairman of Metalloinvest, following which he was appointed as chairman of USM Holdings.


title: Farhad Moshiri

text: Moshiri and longstanding business partner Alisher Usmanov were co-owners of Red & White Holdings, which bought 14.65% of the shares in Arsenal F.C. from former club vice-chairman David Dein in August 2007. On 18 September 2007, Red and White Holdings increased their stake in Arsenal to 21%, and on 28 September 2007 to 23%, a week after Moshiri announced that he wanted at least a 25% holding in the football club. As of June 2012, Red and White Holdings have acquired at least 29.72%. Arsenal managing director Keith Edelman told BBC Radio 5 Live, "They've said previously they are not going to make a bid for the company and they want to be long-term shareholders."


title: Farhad Moshiri

text: In February 2016 it was announced that Moshiri had sold his stake in Arsenal Football Club to Red & White Holdings partner Usmanov in a bid to raise capital required to launch a takeover at Everton F.C. On 27 February, the club officially confirmed Moshiri's purchase of a 49.9% stake in the club, which was ratified two weeks later by the Premier League. In January 2022, Moshiri increased his shares in the club to 94%.


title: Farhad Moshiri

text: Moshiri lives in Monaco. His former wife Nazenin Ansari is a London-based Iranian journalist, managing editor of "Kayhan London", a weekly Persian-language newspaper, and series producer at Manoto, an international free-to-air Persian language TV channel. They have two children.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Brian Kevin Fitzpatrick (born December 17, 1973) is an American attorney and politician who is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives, serving as the representative for Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district since 2017. The district, numbered as the 8th district during his first term, includes all of Bucks County, a mostly suburban county north of Philadelphia, as well as a sliver of Montgomery County.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: A former FBI agent, he was elected in 2016 and took office on January 3, 2017. He was re-elected on November 6, 2018, to the newly redrawn 1st district.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Born in Philadelphia and raised in nearby Levittown, Pennsylvania, Fitzpatrick graduated from Bishop Egan High School in Fairless Hills in 1992. He graduated from La Salle University in 1996 with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. In 2001, Fitzpatrick completed both a Master of Business Administration at Pennsylvania State University and a Juris Doctor at the Penn State Dickinson School of Law.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick is a former Special Assistant United States Attorney and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) supervisory special agent in California. At the FBI, he served as a national supervisor for the Bureau's Public Corruption Unit, and led the agency's Campaign Finance and Election Crimes Enforcement program. During his time in the FBI, he spent time in Kyiv, Ukraine; Mosul, Iraq; and Washington, D.C. He was embedded with U.S. Special Forces as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In 2016, Fitzpatrick ran for the open U.S. House of Representatives seat of his brother Mike Fitzpatrick, who retired from Congress to uphold a promise to limit himself to four terms.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In the April 26, 2016, Republican primary, Fitzpatrick received 78.4% of the vote, defeating Andy Warren and Marc Duome. Meanwhile, state Representative Steve Santarsiero defeated Shaughnessy Naughton for the Democratic nomination, 59.8% to 40.2%. In the general election, Fitzpatrick received 54.4% of the vote, while Santarsiero received 45.6%.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: After a court-ordered redistricting, Fitzpatrick's district was renumbered as the 1st district. It remained largely unchanged from the old 8th, but absorbed a larger slice of central Montgomery County. According to Nate Cohn of "The New York Times", "the old 8th had been one of the more regularly drawn districts in a map that had been thrown out as an unconstitutional partisan Republican gerrymander. The new 1st was slightly more Democratic than its predecessor. Had it existed in 2016, Hillary Clinton would have carried it with 49 percent of the vote to Donald Trump's 47 percent. In contrast, Clinton and Trump finished almost tied in the old 8th, with Trump winning by 0.2 percentage points."


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In the Republican primary on May 15, 2018, he defeated Dean Malik by a margin of 68.85% to 31.15%. In the Democratic primary, Scott Wallace won with 55.97% of the vote, defeating Rachel Reddick, who tallied 35.85%, and Steve Bacher, who brought in 8.18%. In the general election, Fitzpatrick defeated Democratic nominee Scott Wallace by a margin of 51.3% to 48.7%. He carried Bucks County by 12,000 votes, more than his overall margin of 8,300 votes. Fitzpatrick thus became one of only three Republican U.S. Representatives to survive during the 2018 U.S. House elections in congressional districts that Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton carried in 2016, along with Congressmen John Katko (R-NY) and Will Hurd (R-TX).


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick ran for a third term in 2020. In the Republican primary, he defeated Andrew Meehan, who ran as a more conservative candidate and a staunch supporter of President Donald Trump. In the general election, his Democratic opponent was Ivyland City Councilwoman Christina Finello. Fitzpatrick was considered potentially vulnerable due to the fact that his district had voted for Hillary Clinton in 2016. However, he was ultimately reelected by a margin of 13 percentage points despite Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden winning Pennsylvania and carrying the district by 6 points. He was one of nine House Republicans to win in a district carried by Biden.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In the first session of the 115th United States Congress, Fitzpatrick was ranked the third most bipartisan member of the House of Representatives by the Bipartisan Index, a metric created by The Lugar Center and Georgetown's McCourt School of Public Policy to assess congressional bipartisanship. In the first session of the 116th United States Congress, Fitzpatrick was ranked first by the Bipartisan Index. GovTrack noted that Fitzpatrick introduced the most bills among freshman Representatives, and, of the 274 bills he cosponsored, 35% were introduced by a non-Republican legislator.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: On February 4, 2021, Fitzpatrick joined 10 other Republican House members voting with all voting Democrats to strip Marjorie Taylor Greene of her House Education and Labor Committee, and House Budget Committee assignments in response to controversial political statements she had made. On November 5, 2021, Fitzpatrick was among the 13 House Republicans who broke with their party and voted with a majority of Democrats in favor of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, a $1.2 trillion infrastructure spending bill.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick has aligned himself with anti-abortion stances. While abortion is not listed as an issue on his website, he co-signed a letter to President Donald Trump in 2019 that requested Trump veto any efforts to weaken anti-abortion policies. In 2017, he voted for the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, which would prohibit abortions performed after 20 weeks of pregnancy, except in situations of incest or rape. Fitzpatrick voted against the Women's Health Protection Act of 2021, which aimed to protect health-care professionals by establishing a statutory right for them to provide abortions.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Following the decision in "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", which left abortion as an issue for the states to decide on, Fitzpatrick said in a statement to state legislatures, "Any legislative consideration must always seek to achieve bipartisan consensus that both respects a woman’s privacy and autonomy, and also respects the sanctity of human life. These principles are not mutually exclusive; both can and must be achieved."


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: However, Fitzpatrick was one of three Republicans to vote for H.R. 8297: Ensuring Access to Abortion Act of 2022.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick also voted for H.R. 8373: The Right to Contraception Act. This bill was designed "to protect a person’s ability to access contraceptives and to engage in contraception, and to protect a health care provider’s ability to provide contraceptives, contraception, and information related to contraception".


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In 2022, Fitzpatrick was one of 39 Republicans to vote for the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: At a September 2018 forum hosted by the Bipartisan Policy Center and "The Hill", Fitzpatrick highlighted man-made climate change as a serious issue. He stated that Republicans must "acknowledge reality and [not] deny it." He is a member of the bipartisan congressional Climate Solutions Caucus and cointroduced the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018, which would impose a carbon tax with net revenue returned to households as a rebate. He did not sponsor the 2019 version of the bill.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick has a lifetime score of 81% on the National Environmental Scorecard of the League of Conservation Voters, and is ranked as the most environmentally friendly Republican member of the House, rating higher than many Democrats.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In September 2017, Fitzpatrick urged the U.S. Supreme Court to limit extreme partisan gerrymandering in the "Gill v. Whitford" case. He stressed that partisan redistricting had undermined the Founding Fathers' vision of the House of Representatives remaining the voice of the people.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: He was the only Republican Congressman from Pennsylvania who did not take part in a February 2018 lawsuit challenging a new district map drawn by Democrats. He explained that he opposes the drawing of congressional districts by elected officials of either party, saying instead that they should be drawn by independent, nonpartisan citizen panels.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In 2018, Fitzpatrick was the only Republican to receive an endorsement from the Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, the gun control organization founded by former U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords. Fitzpatrick voted to expand background checks and to restrict assault weapon sales. He voted against a bill that would require states to recognize concealed-carry permits issued by other states.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In March 2021, Fitzpatrick was one of eight Republicans to join the House majority in passing the Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: On July 29, 2022, Fitzpatrick and one other Republican, Chris Jacobs of New York, joined the Democrats in voting for a bill banning assault weapons.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick opposed the American Health Care Act, a bill to repeal and replace the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In a statement, Fitzpatrick said, "After considering the current healthcare bill in a thorough and deliberate manner, I have concluded that, although the American Health Care Act focuses on several much-needed reforms to our healthcare system, in its current form I cannot support this legislation". Fitzpatrick joined many of his Republican colleagues as well as every congressional Democrat in an effort to oppose the bill.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: On May 4, 2017, Fitzpatrick also voted against the second attempt to pass the American Health Care Act. In a statement, he said, "We saw what happened when healthcare reform – an issue impacting 1/5 of our economy – was rushed through Congress along extremely partisan lines in 2009," referring to the ACA in 2010. On December 12, he took part in the Democratic bill to lower drug costs, the Elijah Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In 2017, Fitzpatrick was critical of President Obama's executive order establishing the DACA program, but said the immigration system was broken. In a 2018 debate, Fitzpatrick said that he supported a path to citizenship for DREAMers, but that "any immigration reform package has to deal with border security." In 2019, he voted for the American Dream and Promise Act, which included no new border security measures.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick opposed President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries. He stated that "the president's policy entirely misses the mark."


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick supports same-sex marriage. In 2019, he co-sponsored and voted for the Equality Act, which would extend anti-discrimination protections to LGBT-identifying adults and minors and repealing Title IX; seven other House Republicans joined him in voting for it and it passed the House 236-173. He was one of three Republicans to vote for it in 2021 when it again passed the House.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In 2022, Fitzpatrick was one of six Republicans to vote in favor of the Global Respect Act, which imposes sanctions on foreign persons responsible for violations of internationally recognized human rights against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) individuals, and for other purposes.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: On July 19, 2022, Fitzpatrick and 46 other Republican Representatives voted for the Respect for Marriage Act, which would codify the right to same-sex marriage in federal law.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick sponsored the International Narcotics Trafficking Emergency Response by Detecting Incoming Contraband with Technology (INTERDICT) Act, which was signed into law by President Donald Trump in January 2018. The law directs $15 million to U.S. Customs and Border Patrol to expand screening for fentanyl and opioids at the U.S. border.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In July 2019, Fitzpatrick was one of four Republican House members to vote in support of a motion to condemn remarks by Trump made on Twitter calling on "'Progressive' Democrat Congresswomen who originally came from countries" that are described as failing to "go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came."


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: Fitzpatrick voted against the impeachment of then-President Donald Trump on December 18, 2019 and again on January 13, 2021. Prior to the second impeachment vote, Fitzpatrick introduced a censure resolution against Trump, which condemned the rhetoric that led to the Capitol attack.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: On May 19, 2021, Fitzpatrick was one of 35 Republicans who joined all Democrats in voting to approve legislation to establish the January 6, 2021 commission meant to investigate the storming of the U.S. Capitol.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In a 2018 debate, Fitzpatrick said that Russia held "by and large, sinister motives", noting that while he was stationed in Ukraine, twice Russia attempted to knock out the nation's electrical grids through cyber attacks.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In July 2018, Fitzpatrick said that President Trump had been "manipulated" by Russian leader Vladimir Putin at the Helsinki Summit. Fitzpatrick said he was "frankly sickened by the exchange" between Trump and Putin. He criticized the "mixed signals" that the Trump administration was sending regarding Russian interference in the 2016 election.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In April 2018, Fitzpatrick said that President Trump should stop attacking the FBI and allow Robert Mueller to complete his investigation, stating it was improper to "judge an institution based on the actions of a few bad actors."


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In April 2018, Fitzpatrick led a bipartisan group of freshmen House members in an Oval Office meeting at which they discussed with President Trump a proposed constitutional amendment imposing congressional term limits.


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: In May 2018, Fitzpatrick and Stephanie Murphy (D-FL) introduced H.R. 5946, the Fostering Accountability, Integrity, Trust, and Honor (FAITH) in Congress Act, that would "end certain special perks reserved for Members of Congress, enact a lifetime ban preventing former Members of Congress from becoming lobbyists, and withhold Members' paychecks if they fail to pass a budget on time."


title: Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

text: On October 21, 2021, Fitzpatrick was one of nine House Republicans who voted to hold Steve Bannon in contempt of Congress.


title: Zorya

text: Zorya (lit. "Dawn"; also many variants: Zarya, Zara, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) is a figure in Slavic folklore, a feminine personification of dawn, possibly goddess. Depending on tradition, she may appear as a singular entity, often called "The Red Maiden", or two or three sisters at once. Although Zorya is etymologically unrelated to the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn "*H₂éwsōs", she shares most of her characteristics. She is often depicted as the sister of the Sun, the Moon, and Zvezda, the Morning Star with which she is sometimes identified. She lives in the Palace of the Sun, opens the gate for him in the morning so that he can set off on a journey through the sky, guards his white horses, she is also described as a virgin. In the Eastern Slavic tradition of zagovory she represents the supreme power that a practitioner appeals to.


title: Zorya

text: The all-Slavic word "zora" "dawn, aurora" (from Proto-Slavic "*zoŗà"), and its variants, comes from the same root as the all-Slavic word "zrěti" ("to see, observe", from PS "*zьrěti"), which originally may have meant "shine". The word "zara" may have originated under the influence of the word "žar" "heat" (PS "*žarь"). PS "*zoŗà" comes from the Proto-Balto-Slavic "*źoriˀ" (cf. Lithuanian "žarà", "žarijà"), the etymology of the root is unclear.


title: Zorya

text: The Proto-Indo-European reconstructed goddess of the dawn is "*H₂éwsōs". Her name was reconstructed using a comparative method on the basis of the names of Indo-European goddesses of the dawn, e.g. Greek Eos, Roman Aurora, or Vedic Ushas; similarly, on the basis of the common features of the goddesses of the dawn, the features of the Proto-Indo-European goddess were also reconstructed.


title: Zorya

text: Although the Zorya cult is only attested in folklore, its roots go back to Indo-European antiquity, and the Zorya herself manifests most of "*H₂éwsōs" characteristics. Zorya shares the following characteristics with most goddesses of the dawn:


title: Zorya

text: Zarubin undertook a comparison between Slavic folklore and the Indo-Aryan "Rigveda" and "Atharvaveda", where images of the Sun and its companions, the Dawns, have been preserved. These images date back to ancient concepts from the initially fetishistic (the Sun in the form of a ring or circle) to the later anthropomorphic. Chludov's Novgorod Psalter of the late 13th century contains a miniature depicting two women. One of them, fiery red, signed as "morning zora", holds a red sun in her right hand in the form of a ring, and in her left hand she holds a torch resting on her shoulder, ending in a box from which emerges a light green stripe passing into dark green. This stripe ends in another woman's right hand, in green, signed as "evening zora", with a bird emerging from her left sleeve. This should be interpreted as the Morning Zorya releasing the Sun on its daily journey, and at sunset the Evening Zorya awaits to meet the Sun. A very similar motif was found in a cave temple from the 2nd or 3rd century AD in Nashik, India. The bas-relief depicts two women: one using a torch to light the circle of the Sun, and the other expecting it at sunset. Some other bas-reliefs depict two goddesses of the dawn, Ushas and Pratyusha, and the Sun, accompanied by Dawns, appears in several hymns. The Sun in the form of a wheel appears in the Indo-Aryan "Rigveda", or the Norse "Edda", as well as in folklore: during the annual festivals of the Germanic peoples and Slavs, they lit a wheel which, according to medieval authors, was supposed to symbolize the sun.


title: Zorya

text: Similar images to the one from the Psalter and the Nashik appear in various parts of Slavic lands, e.g. On a carved and painted gate of a Slovak peasant estate (village of Očová): on one of the pillars is carved the Morning Zora, with a golden head, above her is a glow, and even higher is the Sun, which rolls along an arched road, and on the other pillar is carved the Evening Zora, above it is a setting sun. There are also darkened suns on this relief, possibly "dead suns" appearing in Slavic folklore. These motifs are also confirmed by the Russian saying "The sun will not rise without the Morning Zoryushka". Such a motif was also found on the back of a 19th-century sled where the Sun, in the form of a circle, is in the palace and two Zoryas stand in the exit, and on a peasant rushnyk from the Tver region where Zoryas on horseback rides up to the Sun, one is red and the other is green.


title: Zorya

text: According to scholarship, Lithuanian folklore attests a similar dual role for luminous deities Vakarine and Ausrine: Vakarine, the Evening Star, made the bed for solar goddess Saulė, and Aušrinė, the Morning Star, lit the fire for her as she prepared for another day's journey. In other accounts, Ausrine and Vakarine are said to be daughters of the female Sun (Saule) and male Moon (Meness), and they tend their mother's palace and horses.


title: Zorya

text: In Russian tradition, they often appear as two virgin sisters: Zorya Utrennyaya (Morning Zorya, from "útro" "morning") as the goddess of dawn, and Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening Aurora, from "véčer" "evening") as the goddess of dusk. Each was to stand on a different side of the golden throne of the Sun. The Morning Zorya opened the gate of the heavenly palace when the Sun set out in the morning, and the Evening Zorya closed the gate when the Sun returned to his abode for the night. The headquarters of Zorya was to be located on Buyan Island.


title: Zorya

text: Zorya also patronized marriages, as manifested by her frequent appearance in wedding songs, and arranged marriages between the gods. In one of the Malo-Russian songs, where the Moon meets Aurora while wandering in the sky, she is directly attributed this function:


title: Zorya

text: Zara-Zaranitsa (aka "Dawn the Red Maiden") appears interchangeably with Maria (Mother of God) in different versions of the same zagovory plots as the supreme power that a practitioner applies to.


title: Zorya

text: Professor Bronislava Kerbelytė cited that in Russian tradition, the Zoryas were also invoked to help in childbirth (with the appellation "зорки заряночки") and to treat the baby (calling upon "заря-девица", or "утренняя заря Параскавея" and "вечерняя заря Соломонея").


title: Zorya

text: In another incantation, Zarya-Zarnitsa is invoked along with a "morning Irina" and a "Midday Daria" to dispel a child's sadness and take it away "beyond the blue ocean".


title: Zorya

text: Croatian historian Natko Nodilo noted in his study "The Ancient Faith of the Serbs and the Croats" that the ancient Slavs saw Zora as a "shining maiden" (""svijetla" i "vidna" djevojka"), and Russian riddles described her as a maiden that lived in the sky ("Zoru nebesnom djevojkom").


title: Zorya

text: As for the parentage of the Dawn, she is referred "in a Russian song" as "dear little Dawn" and as the "Sister of the Sun".


title: Zorya

text: In Belarusian folklore she appears as Zaranitsa (Зараніца) or as Zara-zaranitsa (Зара-Зараніца). In one of the passages, Zaranica is met by St. George and St. Nicholas, who, according to comparative mythology, function as divine twins, who in Indo-European mythologies are usually brothers of the goddess of the dawn: "Saint George was walking with Saint Nicholas and met Aurora".


title: Zorya

text: This is about the dew, which the moon does not react to and which disappears under the influence of the sun. "Zara" is probably simply the goddess of the dawn, and can be translated literally as "Dawn", and "Zaranica" is a diminutive and may indicate respect towards her.


title: Zorya

text: In Belarusian tradition, the stars are sometimes referred to as "zorki" and "zory", such as the star Polaris, known as "Zorny Kol" ('star pole') and "polunochna zora" ('star of midnight').


title: Zorya

text: In Polish folklore, there are three sister Zoras ("Trzy Zorze"): Morning Zorza (Polish: "Zorza porankowa" or "Utrenica"), Midday Zora ("Zorza południowa" or "Południca") and Evening Zora ("Zorza wieczorowa" or "Wieczornica"), which appear in Polish folk charms and, according to Andrzej Szyjewski, represent a threefold division of the day. They also function as Rozhanitsy:


title: Zorya

text: Another folk saying from Poland is thus: "Żarze, zarzyczki, jest was trzy, zabierzcie od mojego dziecka płakanie, przywróćcie mu spanie".


title: Zorya

text: In a magical love charm from Poland, the girl asks for the dawn (or morning-star) to go to the girl's beloved and force him to love no other but her:


title: Zorya

text: The Ukrainian language also has words deriving from "Zorya": зі́рка (dialectal зі́ра "zira" and зі́ри "ziry") "zírka", a diminutive meaning 'little star', 'starlet', 'asterisk'; зі́рнйця "zirnitsa" (or зі́рнйці "zirnytsi"), a poetic term meaning 'little star', 'aurora, dawn'.


title: Zorya

text: In a saying collected in "Харківщині" (Kharkiv Oblast), it is said that "there are many stars (Зірок) in the sky, but there are only two Zori: the morning one (світова) and the evening one (вечірня)".


title: Zorya

text: In an orphan's lament, the mourner says he will take the "keys of the dawn" ("То я б в зорі ключі взяла").


title: Zorya

text: In a Slovene folksong titled "Zorja prstan pogubila" (Zorja lost her ring), the singer asks for mother ("majko"), brother ("bratca"), sister ("sestro") and darling ("dragog") to look for it.


title: Zorya

text: According to professor Monika Kropej, in Slovene mythopoetic tradition, the sun rises in the morning, accompanied by the morning dawn, named Sončica (from "sonce", 'sun'), and sets in the evening joined by an evening dawn named Zarika (from "zarja", 'dawn'). These female characters also appear in a Slovenian narrative folk song about their rivalry. F. S. Copeland also interpreted both characters as mythological Sun and Dawn, as well as mentioned another ballad, titled "Ballad of Beautiful Zora". Slovene folklorist Jakob Kelemina (), in his book about Slovene myths and folk-tales, stated that a Zora appears as the daughter of the Snake Queen (possibly an incarnation of the night) in the so-called "Kresnik Cycle".


title: Zorya

text: According to professor Daiva Vaitkevičienė, the Virgin Mary most likely replaced deity Zaria in East Slavic charms. The Virgin Mary is also addressed as "Zaria" in Russian charms.


title: Zorya

text: In a charm collected in Arkhangelsky and published in 1878 by historian Alexandra Efimenko (), the announcer invokes зоря Мария and заря Маремъяния, translated as "Maria-the-Dawn" and "Maremiyaniya-the-Dawn".


title: Zorya

text: In another charm, the "Evening Star Mariya" and "Morning Star Maremiyana" are invoked to take away sleeplessness.


title: Zorya

text: Goddess Zaria (alternatively, a trio of deities named Zori) is also invoked in charms against illness. According to professor Daiva Vaitkevičienė, this "is a very popular motif of the Slavic charms".


title: Zorya

text: The word "Zorya" has become a loanword in Romanian language as its word for "dawn" ("zori") and as the name of a piece of music sung by colinda tori ("zorile").


title: Zorya

text: In Serbo-Croatian languages, the planet Venus is known as "Zornjača", when it appears in the morning, and "Večernjača" when it appears at night.


title: Zorya

text: In some Croatian folk songs, collected and published in 1876 by Rikardo Ferdinand Plohl-Herdvigov, a "zorja" is used along with "Marja" in "Zorja Marja prsten toči"; and referred to as "Zorja, zorija" in "Marija sinku načinila košulju";


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". Introduced by Bradley Bell, she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood. Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe (MacKenzie Mauzy) were born onscreen as the daughters of supercouple Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss, later Thorsten Kaye) and Taylor Hayes (Hunter Tylo, later Krista Allen) during the episode airing on September 21, 1999. For the character's first five-year period, she appeared as a minor. In 2005, Steffy was rapidly aged to a teenager, and in 2008 she appeared as an adult when Wood took over the role. Wood portrayed the role continuously until 2013, when she decided to leave her regular capacity with the series; following a series of guest appearances, Wood returned as a series regular in 2015.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy has suffered many losses throughout her life, which according to Wood is the reason for her deep-seated issues and puzzling storylines. Wood has also described the character as a "rich bitch". While characterized as being provocative and strong-willed, Steffy is emotionally starved on the inside due to her father's neglect. The character is known for her relationships with the Spencer men: Bill Spencer, Jr. (Don Diamont), Liam Spencer (Scott Clifton) and Wyatt Spencer (Darin Brooks) as well as animosities towards the Logan family, particularly her mother's rival Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) and her own arch-rival Hope Logan (Kim Matula, later Annika Noelle). For several years, Steffy's storyline revolved around a love triangle with Hope and Liam, before falling in love and entering in a significant relationship with young medical doctor, John Finnegan (Tanner Novlan).


title: Steffy Forrester

text: "Soaps in Depth" called Steffy the soap opera genre's "resident diva", while journalist Michael Logan referred to her as a "maddeningly complicated sexbomb". Wood's performance in the role has been met with favorable reception from audiences and critics, having garnered her two consecutive nominations for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2012 and 2013. In 2018, she received her third Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series before winning in the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series category in 2019 and 2021.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: From 1999 to 2003, Steffy and Phoebe were portrayed by various sets of identical twin child actors. Cameryn McNabb took over the role in 2003. From January to March 2004, Jordan Mella played Steffy. In April 2004, both roles were recast with Keaton and Kylie Rae Tyndall, and Steffy was rapidly aged. Kylie portrayed the role of Steffy until April 2005, when the role was recast with Addison Hoover, whose twin sister Alex Hoover took over the role of Phoebe. The Hoover twins were downgraded to recurring status in November 2005, and eventually left the program. In June 2006, former "Guiding Light" actress MacKenzie Mauzy took over the role of Phoebe upon the character's return, while Steffy was written out of the series.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy was absent from the soap opera until June 4, 2008, when Canadian actress Jacqueline MacInnes Wood took over the part. With the casting of Wood, Phoebe and Steffy were retconned as fraternal twins. A month after Wood's arrival, Mauzy announced her exit from the show and Phoebe was killed off. Wood stated that she found the filming on the show to be very fast-paced, stating, "On the daily [show] we can shoot up to 90 pages, that’s 8 to 12 episodes, in 4 days with sometimes no rehearsal! In films, you shoot 100 pages in 4 months."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In 2010, it was announced that Wood would take a brief break from the program to film the fifth installment in the "Final Destination" film series, "Final Destination 5". Wood recorded several scenes in advance of her planned absence. Wood learned about her Daytime Emmy nomination just before filming a scene in the Adriatic sea, stating, "I was just about to shoot a scene in the Adriatic sea in Italy. The water was only 54 degrees! [Executive Producer/Head Writer] Brad Bell came up to me and said, "How does it feel to be Emmy nominated?"


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In May 2013, news broke that Wood had opted not to renew her contract with the show to take another break. According to "Soaps in Depth", "[The producers] threw a lot of money at her to get her to stay, but she thought it was the right time to go". A representative for the show stated, "[Wood] is taking short a break, as she has done in the past, from B&B. She remains as the character of 'Steffy Forrester' and is continuing to tape, currently with episodes airing through July 2013 and then beyond". It was later announced that Wood had decided to remain with the series on a recurring basis with episodes airing on July 4 to 12 and September 30 and October 1.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: After making sporadic appearances, Wood was then announced to be returning for several episodes from December 12 to 20, 2013. Last appearing on the credits in February 2014, it was confirmed in October 2014 that she would not be returning on a more permanent basis, stating: "Unfortunately we weren't on the same page contractually/scheduling etc (...) These things happen in this industry and I hope all my fans can understand that. I am a huge supporter of [executive producer/headwriter] Brad Bell and the entire cast and crew." Wood was also removed from the soap opera's opening credits.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: However, on December 4, 2014, "Soap Opera Digest" broke exclusive news that Wood would be returning to the series. At press time, Wood was scheduled for a "handful" of episodes, which began airing on January 30, 2015. Wood revealed that she agreed to return to the show after Bell had personally sent her a text message. Of her status with the series, the actress said "if the timing is right, I'll always come back". In April 2015, Wood confirmed that she signed a contract deal with the series and would return in the role of Steffy. She made her on-screen return on May 26, 2015. Wood said: "When I left the show [in 2013], it wasn't a real goodbye", and mentioned that "Brad sent me a text with an idea for a storyline. We both got really excited about it and that was it. I was ready to go."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: It was announced that on September 10, 2020, that Tanner Novlan's wife Kayla Ewell, who had previously portrayed Caitlin Ramirez on the show, would return to play an intimacy double or a stand-in for Wood as a result of the onset protocols due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Ewell took on the role as a Steffy intimacy double from September 2020 to March 2021. Due to social distancing on set slowly coming to an end in the filming process, since May 2021, Novlan and Wood have been filming their own closeness and intimate scenes.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Jamey Giddens of the soap opera website Daytime Confidential characterized Steffy as "bitch-nasty", while Wood has described her as strong-willed and a vixen. The program's website said that Steffy is a "stunning fashionista" and a "provocative trendsetter", and added that "when it comes to Steffy Forrester, things are never as they seem. On the surface she’s sexy, stylish, clever, and together but below the surface, Ridge and Taylor's only surviving daughter is emotionally starved and slowly learning how to love and be loved". By 2011, Wood described Steffy as a "rich bitch" and stated, "I love playing her and developing her character. She is so different from me. It's rather cathartic, and it allows my alter ego to come out on "The Bold and The Beautiful" set five days a week." "CBS Soaps in Depth" characterized Steffy as the soap opera's "resident diva". When asked if Steffy was "a little bit nuts", Wood said: "yes, she's a mess. But a very strong mess."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy is named after her paternal grandmother Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), with Wood affirming: "She's always thinking. There's a reason she was named for her grandmother, Stephanie. There's always a tactic, always a strategy." Steffy and her brother Thomas have always dreamed of their parents Ridge (Ronn Moss) and Taylor (Hunter Tylo) reuniting. In 2009, the siblings manipulate their parents to get them back together in marriage. The storyline, inspired by "The Parent Trap" (1961), sees Steffy and Thomas tamper with SMS text messages between Ridge and his former love, Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) to make Brooke believe that Ridge had dumped her, so she will not interrupt his reunion with Taylor. However, Brooke crashes the wedding after the marriage becomes official.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Wood said that she is sometimes puzzled when reading Steffy's scripts, but connects her present storyline to the character's past. She said: "I just think back to all the things Steffy has been through. She has a lot of deep-seated [sic] issues. That is where I think it stems from with her father leaving her, losing her sister, her mom sleeping with her sister’s boyfriend, etc. There are just so many traumatic things! Explaining her reaction to Steffy killing her cousin Alexandria Forrester (Ashlyn Pearce) in self-defense, Wood stated in August 2015: "When I first heard about it, I was in major shock, of course. Then I started thinking about how everything bad happens to Steffy and that it makes sense that she's a murderer now. It's kind of perfect, really."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: A big storyline occurred for the character in 2008, when Phoebe is killed after the car her boyfriend Rick Forrester (Kyle Lowder) was driving crashes. Her death left Steffy "despondent and nearly suicidal". Wood recalled filming the storyline as being tough: "Being a newbie, I was up most of the night trying to memorize all those monologues." Speaking of emotional scenes where Steffy visited her sister's body in the morgue, the actress noted "She was so tiny and innocent, and to see this beautiful young girl in the morgue, I had to keep my emotions in check. It was challenging. It was such a sad story." Months later, Steffy becomes romantically involved with Rick, who was also previously in a relationship with her mother, Taylor. Reflecting on her initial reaction to the storyline, Wood revealed "Sometimes when you read a script, you're like, 'How am I going [to] do this? How is Steffy going to fall in love with Rick after he had sex with her sister and their mom?'" She also noted that "I had to play that my fraternal twin is gone, and maybe I am doing this to live her life as well as have fun. She had to fill that void, and she could not talk to anyone. She lost a part of herself. I have to stress that to the viewers." Wood was "completely shocked" with the speed at which the couple were moving, and said that the romance happened through Phoebe's death because of Steffy's raw feelings. However, she still felt that Steffy was in love with Rick and wanted to give herself to him. Lowder said the couple came together at the "height of their emotions when Phoebe died". While describing the romance as "complete honesty and no games", Wood said Steffy felt if she was close to Rick she could be close to Phoebe.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: From 2010 to 2013, Steffy competes with her stepsister Hope Logan (Kimberly Matula) for Liam Spencer's (Scott Clifton) affections. Steffy had previously pined for Hope's first love, Oliver (Zack Conroy). The Hope/Steffy rivalry follows in the tradition of the animosity between Taylor and Hope's mother Brooke, who fight over Ridge in a love triangle that spans three decades. The show's head writer Bradley Bell said, "Hope's presence at Forrester Creations, as well as in Brooke and Ridge's home, sparks an intense competition between Hope and her step-sister Steffy as well as creates new conflict between long-time rivals Brooke and Taylor as each woman is determined to protect her own daughter."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Wood has stated that Steffy refuses to give Liam up because of everything she has been through and lost. She said, "It’s hard for her to say goodbye and hard for her to leave ... She wants somebody there but she is very broken inside." After years of uncertainty, in which Liam is involved with Hope and Steffy, married to Steffy twice, never legally married to Hope, Steffy becomes pregnant with his child in 2013. Wood was shocked, and said that Steffy is a "wild child" who likes to go to nightclubs and ride motorcycles, but "everything just stops" with her pregnancy. Initially, Steffy does not tell Liam about the baby because she sees him in bed with Hope, and leaves for Paris. Liam discovers the truth and he marries Steffy at the Forrester Mansion. Just before discovering Steffy is carrying his child, Liam nearly marries Hope in a "room service elopement" scheme arranged by Brooke; an ambush that was described as "evil" by Daytime Confidential. Wood felt that Steffy is more mature and level-headed as a result of her pregnancy. Steffy later loses the child in a motorbike accident, and becomes unconscious.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: The miscarriage leaves Steffy devastated and she decides to leave town, ending her marriage to Liam. Wood noted that "Steffy was so set on she really messed this up" and noticed that Liam still had feelings for Hope. Speaking of the miscarriage and the end of Liam and Steffy's marriage, Wood explained: "She is obviously trying a reason to get out of it. In her heart and soul, she wants to be with him. She felt he was her soulmate, but with everything that has happened, she feels it was her fault and she can't change that. She should never have gotten on that motorcycle and he told her not to. There have been so many things that happened that it opens her eyes to the possibility that maybe he should be with Hope." Upon Steffy's brief return to the show in 2015, she realizes that she still loves Liam, despite believing that these feelings were gone. Wood explained "They lost a child together, so they’ll always have that emotional connection." Despite liking the fact that Steffy "speaks up" and "fights for love", Wood said that she wanted "to see someone come in and sweep her off her feet and take that pain away", not wanting her to fight for "a man that flip flops". However, Liam is involved with Steffy's cousin Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer) and Steffy does not win him back. Wood noted that "in Steffy's mind, Ivy is just some new woman in town and Liam is fair game. He and Ivy have no history." Eventually Liam breaks up with Ivy and after Steffy's marriage to Wyatt breaks down, Steffy and Liam rekindle their love and romance and they marry each other again for the third time. They eventually have a daughter named Kelly, however, due to a one-night-stand, with Liam's father, Bill, Steffy was unsure at first, whether he or Bill fathered Kelly. Due to cheating affairs, on both parties, Liam and Steffy, divorce for the third time. Liam impregnates and remarries Hope, now portrayed by Annika Noelle.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In the summer of 2020, Steffy is paired with John Finnegan (Tanner Novlan) in a romantic storyline. Bradley Bell teased the coupling by accentuating that Steffy "is an accomplished mother, businesswoman, and fashion icon. She's an independent woman. Finn is a doctor and has his own life and his own desires and goals separate to hers. They're two complete individuals who can hopefully find a special love with one another."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Finn is introduced as the emergency physician who treats Steffy after she sustains injuries from a motorcycle accident. When Steffy opens her eyes at the hospital for the first time, Finn and Steffy undergo a love at first sight experience. Unaware that Steffy was developing a dependency on her opioids medication, Finn began to make frequent visits to her home after her stay at the hospital and provided her with some psychological counselling and friendship. However, due to the fact that throughout the numerous visits, he began developing a profound attraction to Steffy, Finn expresses that it would be best that he remove himself as her doctor to maintain his integrity, professionalism and ethics. Steffy maintains that she shares those same romantic feelings, and the pair share a passionate kiss for the first time. Bell discloses that "it’s fertile ground for the building of a new romance" as Finn becomes Steffy's confidant and helper as she deals with both her physical and emotional burdens and addiction to her opioids.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: As Steffy's addiction worsens and became evident to her friends and family, Finn participated in her intervention and agreed to place Steffy in a rehabilitation facility. Subsequent to her stay at the facility, Steffy and Finn agree to begin an intimate relationship. On their relationship, Wood notes that "for Steffy, there is something very familiar about him. He feels as though he’s home. He’s now obviously seen her at her worst. They’re just extremely real with each other, and she can see that he’s looking out for her. They are having real conversations about what they want. It’s very obvious that Finn wants to have children in the future, and he wants to get serious. Of course, if he can handle Steffy through her terrible times, then he’s a keeper!"


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Months later, Steffy ends up pregnant. Due to a drunken one-night stand with ex-husband Liam, Steffy is unaware of whether he or Finn fathered her child. Despite the betrayal, Finn vows to stand by Steffy regardless of the baby's paternity. On Finn's extensive and gracious support, Wood asserts that "Steffy has really fallen for Finn. She sees the breadth of the great human that he is."<ref name="Quick Take w/ JMW SOD"></ref> Wood continues to express that Steffy recognizes she "has feelings for someone for the first time since Liam. She wants a future with Finn. I think they are a good fit." The father is eventually confirmed to be Finn, after a paternity switch orchestrated by Vinny Walker (Joe LoCicero) had originally and falsely claimed Liam as the father of the child. With the celebratory news of Finn being revealed as the biological father, the pair get engaged. They later welcome their son, Hayes Finnegan (Samantha Worden), at home via a water birth. Prior to their nuptials, Steffy meets Finn's adoptive parents, Jack (Ted King) and Li Finnegan (Naomi Matsuda).


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Billed as the "Wedding of the Year", the duo later exchange vows and marry at the Forrester family mansion, in front of their family and friends.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: At the wedding reception, Finn learns that he is the long-lost son of the nefarious villainess Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown), creating both some palpable angst between Steffy and Finn and tense new rivalry between Sheila and Steffy, as Finn becomes torn between his wife and curiosity of knowing his biological mother. It is later divulged that Jack and Sheila had conceived Finn due to their an extramarital affair and that Jack had conned his wife to adopt his own biological son in order to keep his affair secret. Steffy shows immense support to her husband, as Finn struggles to come to terms with his father's deception, bonding the two deeper in their marriage. In March 2022, Wood spoke to Soaps.com, on the differences between the relationships between Steffy and Liam, and Steffy and Finn, and she stated that, for her character, "Finn brought out her softer, flirtatious side where as with Liam, things are usually a little more dark and twisted."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In April 2022, Novlan vacated the role of Finn when executive producer and head writer Bradley Bell chose to kill off Finn, at the hands of Sheila, who shoots him, after he takes a bullet meant for Steffy. Wood admitted she would miss working with Novlan, affirming that as "a screen partner he gave everything he had. It was a delight to work with him and I hope we get to work together again in the future."<ref name="Quick Take w/ JMW April 2022 SOD"></ref> She expressed her feelings of sadness that the decision to write off Finn would signify that "a colleague, amazing screen partner and friend would be leaving." It was later revealed in late May that Finn had survived the shooting and was being nursed back to health by his mother Li, which signified that Novlan, had never, in fact exited the role.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Unable to cope with the loss of Finn, Steffy leaves for Europe and overwhelmed with the grief, admits herself into a mental health care facility. Wood describes that losing Finn was deeply agonizing for Steffy, as Finn is "her true love, the father of her baby, her Prince Charming, and her happily ever after." Finn who is able to escape from Sheila's clutches (who had discovered him being taken care of Li and attacked her, and proceeded to hold Finn's hostage), flew to Monaco, where the pair experienced an emotional reunion in the backdrop of the French Riviera located church. Wood describes the reunion as "romantic, [...] passionate and raw" and emphasizes that Steffy feels "utterly on top of the world" as "her true love has literally come back to life."


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Following the birth of their first child, Thomas Forrester, Taylor Hayesmarried to Ridgebecomes pregnant with twins. Throughout the pregnancy, Taylor suffers with tuberculosis, although she delivers the children without medication. Steffy and Phoebe Forrester are born on September 21, 1999, as Taylor almost dies. Steffy is named after her paternal grandmother, Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery). In February 2001, a family trip to Saint Thomaswhere Ridge and Taylor renew their vowsends in devastation when two-year-old Steffy supposedly falls overboard during a storm and is presumed dead. However, Steffy has been kidnapped by Ridge's unstable ex-girlfriend Morgan DeWitt (Sarah Buxton)who was previously obsessed with having a child with him and Steffy is confined her to the walls of Morgan's home. Months after Steffy's supposed death, Taylor visits Morgan and discovers that Steffy is alive. Morgan then takes Taylor and Steffy hostage, but they are saved by Ridge. Morgan tries to flee but is arrested. The next year, Taylor is supposedly killed after being shot by another unstable resident, Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown), while trying to save Ridge's former love Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) from being shot. Ridge marries Brooke months later and they raise the kids as a blended family. In 2005, Taylor is rescued from her kidnapper, having been presumed dead after being shot by Sheila and returns to her marriage to Ridge. In 2006, Steffy leaves town for boarding school in England.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In 2008, a graduated Steffy returns to Los Angeles and begins working for the family fashion house, Forrester Creations. She briefly dates Marcus Walton (Texas Battle), and discovers that he is the son of Brooke's sister, Donna Logan (Jennifer Gareis). Phoebe is killed in a car accident after the car she was driving with her boyfriend Rick swerves off the road. Steffy mourns the loss of Phoebe and begins a romance with Rick to feel closer to Phoebe. Her family are horrified and eventually break up the relationship. When businessman Bill Spencer, Jr. (Don Diamont) takes over Forrester Creations, Steffy attempts to seduce him, (who is married to Katie Logan (Heather Tom), (Brooke's sister) to win the company back for the Forresters in February 2010, ensuring that the Logan sisters have been excluded as owners. Steffy takes an interest in Oliver (Zack Conroy)who is dating Brooke's daughter, Hope Logan (Kimberly Matula), but Oliver rejects her. At a pool party, Brooke has sex with a masked Oliver who she thought was ridge and he believed Brooke was Hope. At Hope's graduation party, a tape supposedly narrated by Steffy appears to expose this scandal. After Ridge consequently fires Steffy from Forrester Creations, Taylor compensates by signing over her 25% shares to Steffy. However, it is soon revealed that Steffy's narration was manipulated by computer expert Liam Spencer (Scott Clifton), who is Bill's son. Steffy forgives Liam and later develops feelings for him, but he begins a romance with Hope who will not have sex with him until marriage. Steffy travels to Paris for an extended business trip.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In 2011, Steffy returns from Paris and seeks a relationship with Bill. When Bill nearly drives Amber Moore (Adrienne Frantz) to her death at a cliff, Steffywho saves Amberkeeps this a secret. Katie demands Bill see a therapist (Taylor). He later has an emotional affair with Steffy and vows to leave Katie for her, which ends when Katie has a heart attack after learning of it. Devastated by Bill's rejection, a distraught Steffy slips in her bathtub, nearly drowning herself, but she is saved by Liam, now Hope's fiancé. This reignites her feelings for him. While Hope neglects Liam emotionally during their wedding preparations, Steffy is constantly there for him. Hope watches Steffy and Liam kissing, and dumps him. Heartbroken, Liam instantly proposes to Steffy. Organized by Bill (who would rather have Steffy as his daughter-in-law), they travel to Aspen, Colorado the next day later and marry, despite Hope trying to stop the wedding. Liam, however, cannot choose between Hope and Steffy, ultimately deciding to be with Hope after finding out that Bill had manipulated him into staying with Steffy. Liam files for divorce in 2012, but still in love with him, Steffy refuses to sign the papers. She eventually signs the papers, freeing Liam to marry Hope. However, Liam still has feelings for Steffy, prompting him to tear up the divorce papers and kiss her. Despite this, Liam and Steffy eventually divorce. Shortly thereafter, Liam believes Hope has left him on their wedding day in Italy. He declares his love for Steffy, but Hope soon tells him of the misunderstanding. Liam and Hope unofficially marry in Italy only to realize the marriage is invalid.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Before Hope and Liam's official legal wedding in the United States, Steffy spends a night on the town with Liam. Hope finds out and leaves Liam. Steffy and Liam are reunited, and she soon finds she is pregnant in early 2013. However, she keeps it to herself when she sees Hope and Liam kissing. Liam finds out about the pregnancy and recommits himself to Steffy, but shortly after their wedding she who loses the baby in a motorbike accident. Steffy then learns that her accident has left her infertile. Devastated, Steffy decides to divorce Liam and relocate to Paris. She returns to Los Angeles several months later for a brief visit, informing Liam that her infertility issues have been corrected, hoping that it could mean a second chance for them. Despite this, Liam insists that he is obligated to Hope, and Steffy leaves town again. After another short visit to Los Angeles in February 2015, Steffy returns months later to help Ridge take over Forrester Creations by overthrowing Rick. She becomes president of the company and rekindles her romance with Liam, ending his relationship with her cousin, Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer). Steffy's cousin, Aly (Ashlyn Pearce), resents Steffy, attributed to the fact that Taylor had accidentally killed her mother, Darla (Schae Harrison), years ago in car accident. An unstable Aly attempts to kill Steffy on PCH, resulting in Aly trying to kill Steffy with a tire iron. Ivy recorded a video of the accident on her phone, not seeing the rock Aly slipped and fell on. Ivy gets involved with Wyatt Spencer (Darin Brooks) and Ivy blackmails Steffy with the video, calling the accident a murder. Ivy decides to delete the video after Steffy tries to convince Wyatt to delete it. Thomas tells Steffy that he made out with Ivy while Wyatt was on a business trip. Steffy confronts Ivy and convinces her to tell Wyatt but tells Wyatt before Ivy has a chance. Wyatt breaks up with her and Ivy is angry at Steffy and confronts her in front of a broken electrical panel, resulting in an altercation in which Ivy gets electrocuted. Ivy survives and files a restraining order against Steffy while Wyatt resumes his relationship with Ivy. Ivy realized she never got over Liam and convinces Liam to give them another chance if she drops the restraining order. Quinn overhears Ivy telling Liam she loves him and exposes this in front of Steffy and Liam while Wyatt is proposing to Ivy. Wyatt breaks up with Ivy and she packs her bags for Australia. On top of the staircase, Steffy confronts Ivy and she tumbles down. Liam is angry at Steffy and breaks up with her. Liam hits his head on the plane with Ivy, while Wyatt comforts Steffy. Liam disappears (he was really kidnapped by Quinn after having passed out due to concussion symptoms he acquired by hitting his head while on a plane and passing out in the parking lot of Forrester Creations and losing his memory as a result) and Wyatt tells her that Liam must have once again let her down. He shows her how to have fun by surfing on the beach and even buys her a motorcycle, which she hasn't driven since her miscarriage. The two fall in love and eventually get married on the beach. Steffy's marriage to Wyatt eventually breaks down due to their differing opinions about Quinn and they separate while Steffy contemplates divorcing Wyatt. She eventually rekindles her love and relationship with Liam, Liam proposes to Steffy and she accepts, and after Steffy's divorce from Wyatt was finalized, Steffy & Liam got married in Sydney; Australia.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Their marriage is going swell until Bill decides to burn down the Spectra building, to build a skyscraper in its place. Unbeknownst to Bill, Liam and his new friend, Sally Spectra, were still in the building. Liam and Sally shared a kiss, thinking they were going to die. Steffy has been empathetic towards Bill after everyone turned against him. Liam decides to be honest and tells Steffy, upsetting her. Steffy leaves for the guest house, where Bill accompanies her, only to comfort and seduce her. Steffy realizes she's pregnant and has a paternity test to find out Liam's the father. Liam is thrilled to find out the news but discovers the paternity test in her purse. Steffy explains what happened and Liam is infuriated with both Bill and Steffy. He leaves her and serves her annulment papers, but tells Steffy he'll be around for the baby. Steffy's arch rival Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) returns to L.A and confronts her about her affair with Bill. Hope helps Steffy to try to win Liam back by being a confidant to him and her.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Throughout her pregnancy, Steffy tries to win Liam back and not have him divorce her. Also Steffy deals with Bill meddling her marriage. Hope and Steffy's rivalry ignites again when Hope starts to fall in love with Liam again, and tries to get him to leave Steffy. Liam decides to give Steffy a second chance by sending her white roses and a note as a sign of forgiveness. However Liam divorces Steffy when Wyatt tells him that Steffy and Bill are having an affair, unaware that Bill manipulated Wyatt into thinking Steffy betrayed Liam again. When Bill visits Steffy, he tries to convince her that they belonged together, but Steffy demands Bill leave. After Steffy slams the door on Bill, she falls and goes into labor.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy gives birth to a girl whom she named after Liam's late mother and is engaged to Liam. However, despite being the mother of his child and emotionally invested in him, she calls off their engagement when she catches Hope and Liam kissing backstage at Forester, and almost marries Bill when he propositioned her to marry him. Steffy realizes her worth, and ultimately chooses herself. Bill as a sign of good gesture, signs over his 12% of FC to Steffy. Afterwards Steffy returns to Forrester to announce that she is the now a majority shareholder of FC. When Liam arrives at Forester's Steffy tells him that she did not marry Bill, but she will not be with Liam because of Steffy realizing that Liam will never choose between her and Hope and she's decided to focus on her daughter, Kelly and work. She will not repeat the cycle that her mother did with Ridge and Brooke. Steffy gives Hope her blessing to marry Liam as she wants him to be happy, and wants to set an example to Kelly.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy invites her mother, Taylor, to move in with her despite Hope's wishes for her to leave town after finding out she allegedly shot Bill Spencer. Steffy tries to convince Hope that Taylor would never hurt their daughters. Hope decides she doesn't want her baby to grow up with her sister Kelly if Taylor is part of the family. Steffy decides to adopt a baby so Kelly can have a sibling close in age just like she did before Phoebe died. Steffy unknowingly adopts Beth, after Dr. Buckingham switched her with a stillborn to pay off a gambling debt. Steffy names the baby girl Phoebe in honor of her sister. Steffy and Liam decide it would be good for Phoebe to grow up with Liam as a father figure.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: When Steffy's nephew Douglas visits, he tells her, Liam and Hope that Phoebe is Beth (Hope and Liam's daughter) and that he heard his dad, Thomas say that Beth was alive. Steffy and Hope thinks that Douglas is confused, but Liam would not let it go. Steffy tells Liam that Beth is gone and that her baby is Phoebe. After Steffy returns with Kelly from a doctors appointment, Liam and Hope break the news to her that Flo, who was the supposed birth mother confessed that Phoebe is Beth and that she is not the birth mother. Also they fill Steffy in on Dr Buckingham switching Beth with a stillborn baby, and that he sold Beth to Steffy because of his gambling debt. However Liam and Hope tells Steffy that Taylor was not involved in the illegal adoption, and that she wanted to give Steffy a daughter by paying Reese a lot of money. Unaware that Taylor gave Reese the money for his gambling debt. Liam reveals who knows about Beth being alive including Thomas. Steffy at first refuses to give up Beth because she had bonded with her and loves her, but after realizing that Beth is Hopes daughter (even though there is no proof) and that Hope never got the chance to be Beth's mother, Steffy gives Beth back to Hope. After Liam, Brooke, and Hope leave with Beth, Steffy collapses in Ridges arms crying over the loss of Phoebe.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Shortly thereafter, Steffy hears that Thomas was in the hospital due to being pushed off the edge of her cliff house by Brooke. Steffy then confronts Thomas at the hospital. Steffy informs Thomas that she will never forgive him and he will never see Kelly, or her ever again. However with the help from Ridge, Steffy slowly forgives Thomas. Liam and Brooke believes that Thomas is still obsessed with Hope even after giving her parental rights to Douglas. Liam then asks her to hire Zoe back to spy on Thomas. Steffy agrees but warns Zoe to not betray her and her family again. Zoe is hired again and is now dating Thomas. Steffy and Hope believes that Thomas has changed even with dating Zoe. Liam stays at Steffy's house after a fight with Hope over giving up her rights to Douglas. Thomas calls Steffy to kiss Liam to break up Liam and Hope, and tells her that he will call her when Hope arrives as a signal to see them kiss. Steffy kisses Liam and Hope is heartbroken when she see's them both kiss. Hope breaks up with Liam and kicks him out of the cabin. Liam stays at the clift house with Steffy and Kelly. Steffy feels guilty and tries to tell Liam, but Thomas manipulates her to keep quit. Steffy keep quiet until she see's Thomas's sketch for the showstopper gown for Hope for the future and realize that Liam and Brook was right about Thomas all along. As well as finally learning that the gown was for Hope for her to marry him again for the sake of Douglas. Steffy confronts Thomas on using Zoe and Douglas to get to Hope. Steffy finally tells Liam and Hope the truth. All three make a plan to expose Thomas at his wedding with Zoe. When Thomas is about to marry Zoe, Hope stops him by wearing the showstopper gown. Thinking that his plan worked, Thomas picks Hope over Zoe, but his plan backfired when Hope tells him that she knows what he has been up to. Hope reveals to the family that Thomas has been using Zoe to get to her and manipulating Douglas into thinking that he would lose another mother if Thomas married Zoe. When Thomas tries to marry Zoe again, Zoe also informs him that Hope already told her before the wedding his plan to be with Hope again and refuses to marry him. Steffy tells Thomas that Hope and Liam knows about the staged kiss, as well as Hope knowing about the showstopper gown. The family and mostly Ridge are disappointed in Thomas because they believed him over Brooke and Liam. Thomas then pleads with Hope to be with him, but Hope refuses and rejects him.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In July 2020, after a motorbike accident, Steffy lands at the hospital and meets her doctor, John Finnegan (Tanner Novlan) and both experience an immediate attraction to each other and cultivate a love at first sight connection. Suffering from a back injury and fractured ribs, Steffy began taking pills for pain relief as prescribed by Finn. Finn visited Steffy, as he lived near Steffy's home, to drop off her missing paperwork. He asks Steffy that since he lived nearby if he could come see her to check on her recovery, Steffy promptly agrees and expresses how she would love that. During the visits, the two bond over past emotional trauma and pain.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy soon developed a heavy dependence on the pills and began asking Finn for an extra prescription during one of his house visits. He accepts it once, before flat out refusing thereafter due to the addictive nature of opioids. Finn later decides to tell Steffy for ethical reasons, he will remove himself as her physician, as he has developed romantic feelings for her, and Steffy expresses that she shares those same romantic sentiments. The pair share a first kiss. Steffy soon experiences addiction to the pills and is found passed out on her couch at home. After an intervention set up, Finn agrees to place Steffy in a rehabilitation facility. Later, the pair pronounced their love for one another and begin an intimate relationship subsequent to her leave from the facility.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: As the months' pass, Steffy finds herself pregnant after she had a drunken stupor led to a one-night stand with Liam, leaving her questioning her child's paternity. With her intuitive sentiment and strong desire for having Finn father the child, Steffy was later shattered to learn from Dr. Campbell (Tina Huang) that the result from the laboratory had listed Liam as the father. Finn tells Steffy that while he would like to stand by her, however, he does not know how he could fit in her life. Steffy pleads to Finn, not to leave her, and as he is the man that she loves and wants to be with. Finn decides to stay and even attends Steffy's ultrasound appointments with her.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Shortly thereafter, Finn and Thomas come to learn that Vinny Walker (Joe LoCicero) tampered with the test, and Finn was indeed the child's biological father. Finn reveals to Steffy the joyous news and proposes to Steffy. Steffy accepts. With the assistance of a midwife, the pair welcome at home their son via waterbirth and name him, Hayes Forrester Finnegan (Samantha Worden), as a homage to his maternal grandmother, Taylor Hayes. The duo later tie the knot at the Forrester mansion in an intimate ceremony, attended by close family and friends.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Wood's performance of Steffy has received acclaim, and she has become a fan favorite. "On-Air On-Soaps" said Wood had the "unique challenge" of making the despised character into a more complex and well-rounded one, who fans were rooting for, while also praising her as "one of the hardest working younger actresses in daytime today". Writing for "Canyon News" in July 2009, Tommy Garrett applauded Wood for making the role "believable" and noted that fans have "readily accepted her as the surviving twin of Ridge and Taylor's", saying: "Stepping into a role that has been played by more than one actress would be a very daunting task for a lesser actress. But Jacqueline has embraced the role and made it her own." Garrett enjoys Wood playing a story in which she is "shocked to learn things". While criticizing the material written for the character as being "often repetitive and silly", Sara Bibel of Xfinity opined in June 2012 that Wood is a "charismatic actress" who rises above the script to "deliver consistently interesting performances". In July 2012, "Soaps in Depth" commended Wood's performance, observing that "While her sexiness is a given, Wood has a way of bringing a cool, copacetic attitude to her scenes", while praising her ability to infuse "both melancholy and mirth" in her performance. In March 2015, Michael Logan of "TV Insider" called Steffy "that maddeningly complicated sexbomb".


title: Steffy Forrester

text: "Canyon News" called Rick and Steffy's relationship "tumultuous" and a "fun ride" for viewers. When Steffy began pursuing Bill Spencer, Jr. in 2011, despite his marriage to Katie Logan, Jemmah Kelly of "TV Soap" remarked: "Whoever coined the phrase 'there ain't no rest for the wicked', must have had The Bold and the Beautiful's Steffy Forrester in mind", writing that "nothing is off limits for this scheming beauty". When Steffy became pregnant in 2013, Garrett said that while he "loved seeing Jacquie play a vixen, it's equally a fascinating and entertaining watching her as a heroine". He noted that Steffy still had "that edge", and Wood is a "creative genius, an actress who just seems to get better with time". Regan Cellura of Daytime Confidential criticized the motorcycle crash plot in which Steffy miscarries her baby, writing "I'm sorry, but whose idea was it for a pregnant lady to ride a motorcycle?" and "I can't even muster up a little snark other than I can't stand baby killers".


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Daytime Confidential hailed the rivalry between Hope and Steffy as the show's "Next Generation" version of Brooke and Taylor. Prior to the introduction of Liam, "TV Soap" wrote: "After 23 years of being the main love triangle on "The Bold and The Beautiful", it looks like the Brooke/Ridge/Taylor saga is being pushed into the background by three new players – Steffy, Oliver and Hope", and noted that "diehard" fans of the show had begun recognizing the trio of Steffy, Oliver and Hope as "the new Brooke, Ridge and Taylor". "TV Week" called Steffy, Liam and Hope "one of "Bold"s classic love triangles". However, Michael Logan, writing for "TV Guide", observed in 2012 that the trio's saga was "heavily" played and had "taken over the show". In February 2013, "#Steffy" became a trending topic on Twitter during the scene where Steffy stopped Hope and Liam's impromptu wedding to reveal her pregnancy.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy's romance with newcomer Finn earned positive acclaim from critics, who praised their chemistry both during social distancing protocols as well as post restrictions. Commonly referred to by the portmanteau "Sinn" in magazines, on social media and internet message boards, Finn's relationship with Steffy attracted a large fan following and garnered quite a vocal fan base very quickly with the duo debuting on fan polls in both magazines and online sites. Journalist Jeevan Brar from "The TV Watercooler" argued that "usually, it takes a while for audiences to warm up to not only a new character but a new pairing. B&B fans quickly jumped aboard for [Finn], and for Sinn." Charlene Bazarian highly emphasize that "Finn is the first man" in a very long time "who has captured Steffy’s heart and fans of [the show] are excited to see what’s in the future for this couple." SoapCentral.com named "Steffy and Finn" to be the show's "Best New Couple" of the year 2020. Meanwhile, "Soap Opera News" ranked Steffy and Finn at No. 6 on its list of the "Top 10 The Bold and the Beautiful Couples for 2020!" When Steffy learns she is pregnant with either Liam or Finn's child, viewers were also left to ponder the paternity. In response to an online poll by "Soap Opera Digest" which asked "Who were you hoping would prove to be the father of Steffy's baby on B&B?", 95 per cent of readers hoped that Finn would be the father of Steffy's unborn child over Liam, indicating strong support for the Steffy and Finn relationship. In their list of "Top 10 Soap Couples of 2021!", "Soap Opera News" ranked Steffy and Finn at number four and the following year in 2022, the site exclaimed that the "couple proved to be the ultimate duo of the year", climbing to the number one spot.


title: Steffy Forrester

text: In July 2021, the birth of Steffy and Finn's son Hayes via waterbirth proved polarizing with audiences, while also earning praise; M. Skye from "TVSource Magazine" noted that the home birth illustrated how "the chemistry between Jacqui [Wood] and Tanner [Novlan] was off the charts." Skye continued: "How could they take something like childbirth and make it sexy? Their natural chemistry oozed into all the moments, and they made giving birth look—erotic. They raised the bar, and I truly don’t ever want to see a normal soap opera birth again." In August 2022, "Soap Opera Digest" released the results of an online poll inquiring on the "Best Current Pairing" of the soap, Finn and Steffy conquered the poll with 59 per cent, defeating Quinn and Carter (18%), Brooke and Ridge (16%), Donna and Eric (5%), and Liam and Hope (2%).


title: Steffy Forrester

text: Steffy and Finn's reunion reunion, which was filmed in Monte Carlo, received much critical acclaim. The reunion earned "Soap Opera Digest"'s "Editor's Choice" in their August 29, 2022 issue, depicting it as a "perfect, precious, poignant moment, all was well in the B&B world, and in the 'Sinn' fandom". In their list of "Soaps’ Best and Worst of 2022… So Far", Soaps.com honored it as the "Most Romantic Reunion", stating that "it was everything a soap fan could want… and more."