title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys are New World monkeys of the genus Saimiri. "Saimiri" is the only genus in the subfamily Saimirinae. The name of the genus is of Tupi origin ("sai-mirím" or "çai-mbirín", with "sai" meaning 'monkey' and "mirím" meaning 'small') and was also used as an English name by early researchers.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys live in the tropical forests of Central and South America in the canopy layer. Most species have parapatric or allopatric ranges in the Amazon, while "S. oerstedii" is found disjunctly in Costa Rica and Panama.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: There are two main groups of squirrel monkeys recognized. They are differentiated based on the shape of the white coloration above the eyes. In total there are 5 recognized species. Squirrel monkeys have short and close fur colored black at the shoulders, yellow or orange fur along the back and extremities, and white on the face.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys have determined breeding seasons which involve large fluctuations in hormones and there is evidence of sexual dimorphism in males.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys can only sweat through the palms of their hands and feet. This can have the effect of making their hands and feet feel damp to the touch. Squirrel monkeys must make use of other thermoregulation techniques such as behavioral changes and urine washing. These monkeys live in habitats of high temperatures and high humidity, making it essential for them to maintain proper osmoregulation if conditions pass certain thresholds. Color vision studies have also been performed on squirrel monkeys for the purpose of better understanding vision ailments in humans.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: The common squirrel monkey is commonly captured for the pet trade and for medical research, but it is not threatened. Two squirrel monkey species are endangered: the Central American squirrel monkey and the black squirrel monkey are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Until 1984, all South American squirrel monkeys were considered part of a single widespread species, and many zoologists considered the Central American squirrel monkey to be a member of that single species as well. The two main groups currently recognized can be separated by the white above the eyes; it is shaped as a Gothic ("pointed") arch in the "S. sciureus" group, while it is shaped as a Roman ("rounded") arch in the "S. boliviensis" group. "Mammal Species of the World" (2005) recognized 5 species.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Subsequent taxonomic research has recognized "Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis" as a separate species "Saimiri cassiquiarensis", and also recognized an additional species, Collins' squirrel monkey "Saimiri collinsi" that had previously been considered to be within "S. sciureus". Some more recent taxonomies also recognize "Saimiri sciureus macrodon" as a separate species "Saimiri macrodon", but others recognize "S. macrodon" to be a synonym of "Saimiri cassiquiarensis".


title: Squirrel monkey

text: The crown group of the extant squirrel monkeys appears to have diverged around 1.5 million years ago. Diversification of squirrel monkey species appears to have occurred during the Pleistocene Epoch, likely due to climatic changes associated with interglacial periods in South America at the time. The origin of squirrel monkeys in Central America is unclear, but a possible hypothesis is human transport. More genetic work needs to be done on the subject to reveal a true answer."S. boliviensis" appears to be the first diverging species in the group. "S. oerstedii" and "S. s. sciureus," are sister species. "S. s. macrodon" is the sister species to the "S. oerstedii" / "S. s. sciureus" clade.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: A squirrel monkey's fur is short and close, coloured black at the shoulders and yellowish orange on its back and extremities. The upper parts of their heads are hairy. This black-and-white face gives them the name "death's head monkey" in several Germanic languages (e.g., German "Totenkopfaffen", Swedish "dödskalleapor", Dutch "doodshoofdaapjes") and Slovenian ("smrtoglavka").


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys grow from long, plus a tail. Male squirrel monkeys weigh . Females weigh . Both males and females are equipped with long and hairy tails, flat nails, and pointed claws.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Female squirrel monkeys have pseudo-penises, which they use to display dominance over smaller monkeys, in much the same way that the male squirrel monkeys display their dominance.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Like most of their New World monkey relatives, squirrel monkeys are diurnal and arboreal. Unlike other New World monkeys, their tail is not used for climbing but as a kind of "balancing pole" and also as a tool. Their movements in the branches can be very rapid.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys live together in multi-male/multi-female groups with up to 500 members. These large groups, however, can occasionally break into smaller troupes. The groups have a number of vocal calls, including warning sounds to protect the group from large falcons, which are a natural threat. Their small body size also makes them susceptible to predators such as snakes and felids. For marking territory, squirrel monkeys rub their tail and their skin with their own urine.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys are omnivores, eating primarily fruits and insects. Occasionally, they also eat seeds, leaves, flowers, buds, nuts, and eggs.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkey mating is subject to seasonal influences. Squirrel monkeys reach sexual maturity at ages of 2–2.5 years for females and age 3.5–4 years for males. Females give birth to young during the rainy season, after a 150- to 170-day gestation. Only the mothers care for the young. "Saimiri oerstedti" are weaned by 4 months of age, while "S. boliviensis" are not fully weaned until 18 months old. Squirrel monkeys live to about 15 years old in the wild, and over 20 years in captivity. Menopause in females probably occurs in the mid-teens. Studies show that "Saimiri collinsi" time the weaning of their young with the period of time when there will be maximum fruit availability in the environment. This reduces the energetic struggles that newly weaned juveniles will face when transitioning from a milk diet where they are dependent on their mother for food to a more diverse diet where they have to forage for food. There is evidence that squirrel monkeys show sexual dimorphism during the breeding season. In the months leading up to breeding and in the months of breeding, sexually mature adult males have been recorded to increase in size by significant amounts relative to females. These size changes are caused by seasonal fluctuations in androgen hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal and gonadal axes. The fluctuations include increases in the concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in sexually mature males during the breeding season, peaking in January. Following the breeding season, these androgen concentrations drop. The evolutionary reasoning for these size changes in sexually mature males is suggested to be both intra-sexual selection among males and also female choice selection, as the larger males are more likely to be preferred by females and partake in more copulations. There is not clear evidence yet as to why females choose larger males, but a leading hypothesis is that the larger males are more likely to have better vigilance for their young.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys can only sweat through the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. Sweating in these areas alone does not provide enough cooling for the monkeys to survive in the high temperature environments of South and Central America, requiring them to use other methods to thermoregulate. They will use behavioral tactics such as seeking out shaded areas sheltered from the sun and also make use of postural changes to better dissipate heat from their body. They will also make use of a technique to maximize evaporative cooling known as urine washing. The monkeys will urinate on their hands and rub the urine over the soles of their feet. The urine is then evaporated off the body in a cooling process. Studies have shown this behavior to be maximized during times of high temperature, highlighting its importance as a thermoregulatory behavior.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Squirrel monkeys are subject to both high temperatures and high humidity in their natural habitat. The humidity can range from 70% saturation in the 'dry' season up to 90% in the 'wet' season. Squirrel monkeys are able to tolerate up to 75% humidity with small adjustments in behavior and physiology that increase in significance as the humidity goes up. When reaching approximately 95% humidity, the monkeys have more drastic changes in osmoregulation in order to maintain homeostasis. As evaporative water loss decreases at these high levels of saturation, the monkeys will take in less water and create a more concentrated urine in order to maintain proper ion and water levels inside the body.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Cooperation is largely evident in human primates. Squirrel monkeys do not often display cooperation in the wild, while many other nonhuman primates do. Studies have been done to suggest that female squirrel monkeys show disadvantageous inequity aversion as it pertains to food rewards. However, the same could not be said for male squirrel monkeys. More studies need to be done on squirrel monkey behavior to yield more information regarding why squirrel monkeys rarely show cooperation and if disadvantageous inequity aversion is a relevant factor.


title: Squirrel monkey

text: Colour vision in squirrel monkeys has been extensively studied as a stand-in for human ailments. In humans, two genes for colour vision are found on the X chromosome. Typically, one gene (OPN1LW) produces a pigment that is most sensitive to the 564 nm wavelength, while the other gene (OPN1MW) produces a pigment most sensitive to 534 nm. In squirrel monkeys, there is only one gene on the X chromosome but it exists in three varieties: one is most sensitive to 538 nm, one to 551 nm, and one to 561 nm. Since males have only one X chromosome, they are dichromatic, although with different sensitivities. Females have two X chromosomes, so some of them can have copies of two different alleles. The three alleles seem to be equally common, leading to one-third of females being dichromatic, while two-thirds are trichromatic. Recently, gene therapy has given the human OPN1LW gene to adult male squirrel monkeys, producing behaviour consistent with trichromatic colour vision.


title: Funhouse (The Sopranos)

text: "Funhouse" is the 26th episode of the HBO television series "The Sopranos", and the season finale of the show's second season. It was co-written by series creator/executive producer David Chase and co-producer Todd A. Kessler, and directed by frequent "The Sopranos" director John Patterson, and originally aired in the United States on April 9, 2000, attracting about 9 million viewers.


title: Funhouse (The Sopranos)

text: Tony is sick from food poisoning, and he has vivid fever dreams. In one he is having sex with Dr. Melfi in her office. In another, a dead fish on a slab speaks to him with Pussy's voice and says he is working for the government and Tony knows it; that is why Tony passed him over for promotion. As soon as he can, Tony goes with Silvio to Pussy's home. Pretending he is still sick, Tony rushes to the toilet; while the rest are downstairs, he searches the bedroom and finds Pussy's wire.


title: Funhouse (The Sopranos)

text: Tony says he wants Pussy to see a boat he is thinking of buying, and the three of them drive to it. Paulie is already there. They take the boat out to open water. In the cabin, Tony asks Pussy when he flipped. After hesitating, he says it was eighteen months ago, less, and he only supplied disinformation; but he admits that he told them about the crew's current money-earning scam involving telephone calling cards. He asks for a drink and Tony permits it; he tells a smutty story and the guys laugh. He goes to the other end of the cabin and while he is asking if he can sit down Tony, then Silvio and Paulie, shoot him dead. Paulie removes his identifying jewelry, and together they bind his bagged body in chains and weights, throw him off the back of the boat, and watch him sink into the ocean.


title: Funhouse (The Sopranos)

text: Meadow graduates from high school. At the ceremony, Tony tells Christopher that he is putting him up to become a made man. He also meets Davey whose wife has left him; he is going to work "on a ranch out west" where there are flights to Las Vegas; his son, who was accepted by Georgetown University, is going to Montclair State University instead because of "a money pinch".


title: Funhouse (The Sopranos)

text: Shortly after Janice's departure, Tony and his younger sister Barbara arrive at Livia's home to discuss her permanent living arrangements. Barbara's husband won't allow her to live with them; the retirement home will not have her back. Angrily, Tony gives her two airline tickets with which she and her sister can fly first-class to Tucson, where another sister is living. But the tickets were obtained through the bust-out of Davey's store, and Livia is detained at Newark International Airport for possessing stolen airline tickets. FBI agents arrive at Tony's home with a search warrant and he is led away handcuffed in front of Meadow and some of her friends. Her graduation ceremony and party are the next day, but he is released in time for both.


title: Funhouse (The Sopranos)

text: "Entertainment Weekly" placed "Funhouse" #5 on their list of the 10 greatest "The Sopranos" episodes; "Time" placed it at #9.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: Sook-Yin Lee is a Canadian broadcaster, musician, film director, and actress. She is a former MuchMusic VJ and a former radio host on CBC Radio. She has appeared in films, notably in the John Cameron Mitchell movie "Shortbus".


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: Lee was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She was the second daughter of a father from Hong Kong and a mother from Mainland China, Lee was raised as a devout Roman Catholic. Her father was a post-World War II orphan from Hong Kong, and her mother an escapee from Communist China who remained in and out of psychiatric institutions when Lee was young. She grew up within a strict, secretive and unstable family. When Lee was 15, her parents split up and Lee ran away from home, for a time living on the street before eventually living with a "community of lesbians and artists".


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In the mid-1980s, she became the lead singer for Bob's Your Uncle, a Vancouver alternative rock band. Lee often incorporated performance art techniques into the band's melodic rock. When that band broke up, Lee pursued a solo music career, releasing several solo albums and performing as an actor in theatre, film and television projects. She was the lead singer for the band Slan. Neko Case covered Lee's song "Knock Loud" on her 2001 EP "Canadian Amp".


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: She was in a relationship with writer and musician Adam Litovitz, who was also her frequent artistic collaborator, from 2007 until 2018. They occasionally performed improvised musical sets under the name LLVK, short for Lee/Litovitz/Valdivia/Kamino, and formed the band Jooj, which released its debut album in 2015. An album of music written by Sook-Yin and Adam was completed in 2020 and was released under the title of "jooj two" in April 2021 on Mint Records.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 1995, on the day that sexual orientation was held to be protected under section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms by the Supreme Court of Canada in the "Egan v Canada" case, Lee celebrated the decision by kissing a woman on the air. She later appeared on the cover of "Xtra!" in 1997.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: During her last appearance as a MuchMusic VJ in 2001, Lee and her co-host turned their backs to the camera, and mooned the audience on live television.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: She became the new host of CBC Radio One's Saturday afternoon pop culture magazine radio-show "Definitely Not the Opera" in 2002. "Definitely Not the Opera" completed its run in 2016.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In the fall of 2004, she hosted a documentary celebrating Terry Fox as part of the CBC Television series "The Greatest Canadian".


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: During the Summer of 2008, Lee was a member of the CBC Olympic broadcasting team for the Beijing games. During the games, Lee filmed a TV spot that touched upon concerns regarding human rights and political issues.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2016, Lee hosted the 10 episode summer series "Sleepover" for CBC Radio, which continued as a podcast until 2018.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2020, Lee hosted "Landscape Artist of the Year Canada", a Canadian adaptation of "Landscape Artist of the Year", for Makeful.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: As a feminist, Lee specifically works on films that discuss feminist and/or racial issues. "Escapades of One Particular Mr. Noodle" (1990) was her debut as a feminist film director. This film was produced by Studio D, a primarily feminist film production company, as one of the short films in their segment "Five Feminist Minutes" (1990).


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: Lee played the lead character Alessa Woo, alongside fellow Canadian actor Adam Beach, in Helen Lee's 2001 film "The Art of Woo".


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: Lee also has a smaller part in John Cameron Mitchell's film "Hedwig and the Angry Inch", playing Kwahng-Yi, a guitarist in Hedwig's rock band made up of Korean-born army wives.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2003, she became the centre of controversy when Mitchell first announced that he was casting Lee in his film "Shortbus" (released 2006). Due to Mitchell's announcement that the film was to be sexually explicit in nature – Lee and other cast members perform non-simulated intercourse and masturbation on screen – the CBC initially threatened to fire her. In making "Shortbus", Mitchell sought to make a film about love and sex without censoring itself. Celebrities such as director Francis Ford Coppola, R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe, actress Julianne Moore and artist and musician Yoko Ono, as well as the CBC's listening audience, rallied behind her, and the CBC ultimately relented. The movie premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Her performance in "Shortbus" earned Lee the 2007 "International Cinephile Society Award for Best Supporting Actress".


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: This was not her first film that explores a sexually explicit nature. She acted in "3 Needles" (2005), a short film about HIV and AIDS. The film takes place in various locations around the world - Canada, China, and South Africa - demonstrating the universality of STDs/STIs.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2012, she was chosen to play Olivia Chow in the biopic television film "Jack", alongside Rick Roberts as Jack Layton. The film aired on CBC Television in 2013. She subsequently won the 2014 Canadian Screen Award for "Best Performance by a Lead Dramatic Actress in a Program/Mini-Series."


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: Her feature film directorial debut "Year of the Carnivore" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2009. Lee, Litovitz and Buck 65 also collaborated on the film's soundtrack, which garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Score at the 31st Genie Awards.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: Her second feature film as a director, "Octavio Is Dead!", premiered at the Inside Out Film and Video Festival in 2018, and received several Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2013, Lee wrote and starred in a theatrical performance show "How Can I Forget?" at Toronto's Rhubarb and Summerworks theatre festivals. She and Litovitz also staged "Morrice Fled: Two Paintings Talk to Each Other", a pop-up performance at the Art Gallery of Ontario based on the art of James Wilson Morrice, in January.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2014, Lee choreographed a dance solo for Syreeta Hector as part of "On Display" for Toronto Dance Theatre. From 2015 to 2017, she created and directed "Sphere of Banished Suffering" with dancers Jenn Goodwin, Mairi Greig, and Charlie McGettigan with Litovitz developed in residencies with LUFF art+dialogue, Dancemakers, Artscape Sandbox, and premiered at the Festival of New Dance 2017.


title: Sook-Yin Lee

text: In 2019, she wrote and appeared in "Unsafe", a documentary theatre production on the topic of censorship, at Canadian Stage.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Irwin Lawrence "Paul" Mazursky (April 25, 1930 – June 30, 2014) was an American film director, screenwriter, and actor. Known for his dramatic comedies that often dealt with modern social issues, he was nominated for five Academy Awards: three times for Best Original Screenplay, once for Best Adapted Screenplay, and once for Best Picture for "An Unmarried Woman" (1978). His other films include "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice" (1969), "Blume in Love" (1973), "Harry and Tonto" (1974), "Moscow on the Hudson" (1984), and "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" (1986).


title: Paul Mazursky

text: He was born in to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jean (née Gerson), a piano player for dance classes, and David Mazursky, a laborer. Mazursky's grandfather was an immigrant from Ukraine. Mazursky graduated from Brooklyn College in 1951.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky began his film career as an actor in Stanley Kubrick's first feature, "Fear and Desire" (1953). Kubrick asked for verification of his name for the credits and at that point he decided on a first-name change to Paul. Two years later he appeared in a featured position as one of a classroom of teenagers with issues towards authority in "The Blackboard Jungle" (1955). His acting career continued for several decades, starting with parts in episodes of television series such as "The Twilight Zone" and "The Rifleman".


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky appeared in supporting roles or cameos in most of his own films. In "Moon over Parador" (1988), with the Rio Opera House available for only three days of shooting, Mazursky cast himself as a dictator's mother when Judith Malina was unavailable, playing the character in drag.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky also played supporting roles in "The Other Side of the Wind" (1972; finished 2015), "A Star Is Born" (1976), "History of the World Part I" (1981), "Into the Night" (1985), "Punchline" (1988), "Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills" (1989), "Man Trouble" (1992), "Carlito's Way" (1993), "Love Affair" (1994), "2 Days in the Valley" (1996), "Miami Rhapsody" (1995), "Crazy in Alabama" (1999), and "I Want Someone to Eat Cheese With" (2006). He also performed the voice of the Psychologist in "Antz" (1998).


title: Paul Mazursky

text: In later years, Mazursky had a small part as "Sunshine" the poker dealer in "The Sopranos". He also appeared in five episodes of season 4 of "Curb Your Enthusiasm" as Mel Brooks' associate Norm, a role that he later reprised in a season 7 episode.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Soon after starting his acting career, Mazursky became a writer and worked on "The Danny Kaye Show" in 1963. In 1965, he collaborated with Larry Tucker in crafting the script of the original pilot of "The Monkees" television series, in which they both also appeared in cameos.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky's debut as a film screenwriter was the Peter Sellers comedy "I Love You, Alice B. Toklas" (1968). The following year he directed his first film "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice" (produced and written by Mazursky and Larry Tucker), which proved to be a major critical and commercial success. The film was the fifth highest grossing of the year and earned Mazursky his first Oscar nomination.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: His career behind the camera continued for the next two decades as he wrote and directed a prolific string of quirky, dramatic and critically popular films. His most successful films were contemporary dramatic comedies and include the Academy Award-winning "Harry and Tonto" (1974), the Best Picture-nominated "An Unmarried Woman" (1978), and popular hits such as "Moscow on the Hudson" (1984) and "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" (1986). In light of his comedies that tackled a number of modern social subjects, "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that "from the late '60s through the '80s, [he] seemed to channel the zeitgeist..." and "Variety" stated that "his oeuvre smacks of cultural significance."


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Other films made by Mazursky during this time include the Hollywood satire "Alex in Wonderland" (1970), the cutting Los Angeles relationship comedy "Blume in Love" (1973), the semi-autobiographical coming-of-age story "Next Stop, Greenwich Village" (1976), the New York City-based "Jules and Jim" homage "Willie & Phil" (1980), the contemporary Shakespeare comedy "Tempest" (1982), the Caribbean-set political farce "Moon over Parador" (1988), and the acclaimed Isaac Bashevis Singer adaptation "Enemies, a Love Story" (1989).


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Film critic Roger Ebert was a particular fan of Mazursky's work, giving six of his films the optimal four stars in his reviews. In 1986, Ebert stated that "Mazursky has a way of making comedies that are more intelligent and relevant than most of the serious films around."


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky experienced less success in the 1990s, beginning with "Scenes from a Mall" (1991), starring Woody Allen and Bette Midler. Following his filmmaking satire "The Pickle" (1993), which was his last writing credit, Mazursky worked only sporadically as a director on such films as "Faithful" (1996), "Winchell" (1998), and "Coast to Coast" (2003). His final film was the independent documentary "Yippee" (2006).


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Every film written and directed by Mazursky used New York City or Los Angeles as one of its settings. In 1991 the "Los Angeles Times" commented that "No filmmaker has been wiser or funnier about the L.A. cavalcade than Mazursky. It's not simply a matter of being hip to the scene; what makes such L.A. movies as "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice" and "Alex in Wonderland" and "Blume in Love" and "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" soar is Mazursky's wide-eyed infatuation with the city's rampant pop nuttiness."


title: Paul Mazursky

text: His films received a total of twelve Academy Award nominations, with one win, and nineteen Golden Globe nominations, with two wins.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: In his autobiography "Show Me the Magic" (1999), Mazursky recounts his experiences in filmmaking and with several well-known screen personalities including Peter Sellers.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky appeared as himself in a number of documentaries on film, including "A Decade Under the Influence", "New York at the Movies", and "".


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Late in his life, Mazursky was developing a Broadway musical adaptation of his 1988 film "Moon over Parador".


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky received five Academy Award nominations, four for his screenplay writing on "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice" (1969), "Harry and Tonto" (1974), "An Unmarried Woman" (1978), and "Enemies, a Love Story" (1989), and once as producer of "An Unmarried Woman" (nominated for Best Picture). He was also twice nominated for a Golden Globe and twice for the Cannes Film Festival's Palm d'Or, among many other awards.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: In 2000, he was awarded the Amicus Poloniae (Latin: "Friend of Poland"), which is a distinction established by the Polish ambassador to the United States and conferred annually on citizens of the United States for special contributions to Polish-American relations.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: On December 13, 2013, Mazursky was awarded the 2,515th star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in front of Musso & Frank Grill. Friends and collaborators Mel Brooks, Richard Dreyfuss, and Jeff Garlin were all present.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: On February 1, 2014, at the WGA Awards, Mazursky received the Screen Laurel Award, which is the lifetime achievement award of the Writers Guild of America. Comedian, filmmaker and close friend Mel Brooks presented the award.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: In May 2014, Mazursky received the Best of Brooklyn Award at his alma mater Brooklyn College's annual gala in New York City.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky was married to librarian and social worker Betsy Mazursky (née Purdy) from 1953 until his death. They had two daughters, Meg and Jill. Mazursky was an atheist.


title: Paul Mazursky

text: Mazursky went into cardiopulmonary arrest and died on June 30, 2014, aged 84, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Evil Geniuses (EG) is an American esports organization based in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1999, the organization has fielded players in various fighting games, "Call of Duty", "", "Dota 2", "Fortnite Battle Royale", "Halo," "League of Legends", "StarCraft II", "Rocket League", "Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege", and "World of Warcraft".


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In May 2019, EG was acquired by PEAK6 Investments LLC, a Chicago-based investment company. While independently owned at the time of the acquisition, it was formerly a subsidiary of GoodGame Agency, which in turn was owned by Amazon.com through its division Twitch.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: EG's "Dota 2" squad won The International 2015, receiving the largest prize payout in esports history at the time. Their "Call of Duty: WWII" roster won the 2018 Call of Duty Championship.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Evil Geniuses was founded as a Quake clan in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada in 1997. Playing from the first cyber cafe in Victoria, the Underground Onramp, the original roster included Dakine, MikeJ, Killboy, Zakath, Muppetman, Jello and the EG girls featured in Wired Magazine, Jasp and Mystique. The Onramp and the EG clan were very popular in the emerging gaming circuit, being on the West Coast and having access to a T1 internet connection while the rest of the world was still on dial-up.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Many new members located in Seattle joined the clan and would regularly spar with members of DR including the world's first pro gamer, Thresh.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Members from both the Canadian and American roster were present during the 1997 Gameworks Tournament with access to the gaming lounge. Canadian players were not admitted into the tournament at the time due to the nascent pro gaming circuit, but were allowed to warm up with the contestants.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: When the Underground Onramp closed, shortly after the release of modern home broadband internet, most of the Canadian roster went on to new careers, some into game development and still work in the gaming industry to this day. Meanwhile, the American roster flourished and went on to become one of the greatest gaming clans in the history of esports.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Evil Geniuses expanded into "World of Warcraft" (WoW) Arena by acquiring HukHukHukHukHuk in 2007. The roster consisted of many notable players including Abdul "Bokas" Suleiman, Garett "Garett" Llorent, Jesse "Koorban" Ryan, John "Nuvas" Liao, Einar "Spinister" Galilea, Brian "Tyz" Gustafson, Cyrus "Morifen" Foroughi, Anthony "Neia" Krug, and Paul "Zsu" Coats. In 2008, Evil Geniuses later acquired Issac "Azeal" Cummings-Bentley, Conrad "Zyz" Lope, Dan "spoh" Street, Emerson "Woundman" Condon, Charles "Cdew" Dewland, and Tim "Kollektiv" Yen, forming a new 3v3 arena team, as most of the previous team retired from competitive play. Notable accomplishments including winning the 2007 US Arena Championship, placing 3rd at Blizzcon 2007 (World Arena Championship), winning MLG San Diego 2008, placing 4th at Blizzcon 2012, and winning the Intel Extreme Masters IV WoW World Championship (2010).


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Evil Geniuses acquired a "Defense of the Ancients" (Dota) roster on April 12, 2008, made up of players transferring from team eMg. EG entered the "" scene on April 25, 2009, with the recruitment of World Cyber Games USA champions Geoff "iNcontroL" Robinson, and Dan "Nyoken" Eidson, along with Eric "G5" Rothmuller, Jake "LzGaMeR" Winstead, and Bryce "Machine" Bates. EG saw its North American "DotA" squad depart on December 3, 2009, following two months of minimal practice and insufficient exposure.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Evil Geniuses expanded into "StarCraft II" during the game's launch year of 2010 with the recruitment of top American player Gregory "IdrA" Fields as well as the well-known commentator and player Nick "Tasteless" Plott on September 9. In a controversial move, EG acquired the brand of fellow North American gaming organization, Loaded, on October 9, 2010, but the deal only constituted the company sponsors, team owner and their "Heroes of Newerth" squad.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In 2010, EG expanded into fighting games by signing Justin Wong and Martin "Marn" Phan. Within a year, they expanded their fighting game division with the addition of Ricki Ortiz, Ari "fLoE" Weintraub, and Eduardo "PR Balrog" Perez-Frangie, as well as Japanese players Yusuke Momochi, and Yuka "Chocoblanka" Kusachi. Marn was eventually let go in 2011 at his own request, with the intention to start his own "League of Legends" team, Team MRN.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On March 31, 2011, long-time member Manuel "Grubby" Schenkhuizen, as well as "StarCraft II" division manager Nick "Tasteless" Plott departed from the organization. EG lost its "Heroes of Newerth" squad on July 8 to SK Gaming, due to sponsorship complications. Near the end of that month, the Korean North American Star League champion, Ho Joon "PuMa" Lee, joined up with EG, despite the lack of consultancy with his previous organization. Three weeks later, the top Canadian player, Chris "HuK" Loranger, left his long-time organization of Team Liquid, and joined EG, to compete alongside Fields and Lee in South Korea. On October 21, it was announced that the trio would be moving to stay with the South Korean team SlayerS, in accordance with a correlating partnership established between the organizations. EG saw the return of two former "DotA" players, Clinton "Fear" Loomis and Jimmy "DeMoN" Ho, with the acquisition of their first "Dota 2" squad.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On January 7, 2012, EG announced the dismissal of its long-standing "Counter-Strike" squad, though star player Jordan "n0thing" Gilbert initially stayed on to produce content related to the game. In September 2012, Bulba and xHobbzeEx left the "Dota 2" team due to personal issues and were replaced by Jio "Jeyo" Madayag and Robert "bdiz" Tinnes. On December 5, 2012, EG signed the successful "" Zerg player Lee Jae-Dong. On January 25, 2013, EG announced their expansion into "League of Legends" with the signing of the former Counter Logic Gaming European division – in negotiations that reportedly spanned three months, however the team would later disband due to extremely poor results.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On April 4, 2014, EG announced that they had signed fighting game player Kenneth "K-Brad" Bradley. Prior to this, Ari "fLoE" Weintraub had been let go from the team.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On October 27, 2014, it was announced that three players from the Evil Geniuses "Call of Duty" squad, Patrick "Aches" Price, Ian "Crimsix" Porter, and Ken Dedo, had left the organisation, later joining OpTic Gaming. The CEO of EG, Alex Garfield confirmed via reddit that he had indeed let three of the players go to OpTic.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On November 21, 2014, Evil Geniuses announced the launch of its first "Halo" squad, consisting of the twins Jason "Lunchbox" Brown and Justin "Roy" Brown, the 2014 "Halo 4" World Championship finalist Justin "iGotUrPistola" Deese and the Eric "Snip3down" Wrona, who is reckoned among the best slayers in the world. The team competed in the Halo Championship Series Season 1 and won 3 online cups to this point. On December 21 iGotUrPistola left the squad due to an injury. He was replaced by Tony "LxthuL" Campbell transferring from the BTH.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On December 9, 2014, Evil Geniuses' parent organisation, GoodGame Agency announced that it had been acquired by Twitch.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On December 16, 2014, Evil Geniuses' Yusuke Momochi won the 2014 Capcom Cup tournament. Momochi has qualified for the event by winning South East Asia Major 2014 in Singapore. This win automatically granted him entry into Capcom Cup 2015. On July 19, 2015, Yusuke Momochi won Evolution 2015, taking the win from AVerMedia's Bruce "Gamerbee" Hsiang in a controversial Grand Finals set that saw Momochi suffer from hardware failure with his Razer arcade stick.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On December 12, 2016, Evil Geniuses along with Alliance became player-owned organizations. It was later confirmed that American Dota 2 player Peter "ppd" Dager was named CEO of Evil Geniuses.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: At the beginning of 2017, ppd announced lineup switches for the fighting game and "StarCraft II" divisions. PR Balrog, Justin Wong, Momochi, and ChocoBlanka would depart from the FGC division; Ricki Ortiz, PPMD, and K-Brad would be kept while adding NYChrisG to the team. In addition, ppd announced that their SC2 division would be disbanding as InControL and HuK.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On March 24, 2017, Evil Geniuses entered into the Smash Bros. for Wii U scene by acquiring Julian "Zinoto" Carrington.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On November 10, 2017, Evil Geniuses announced that the organization had entered "Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Siege" by signing the former Continuum roster.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On April 12, 2019, Evil Geniuses entered "Fortnite Battle Royale" by signing Jordan "JTruth" Clouse and Chance "MoNsTcR" Duncan.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In late August 2019, Peter Chau, Troy "Canadian" Jaroslawski, and Aaron "Gotcha" Chung all left the Evil Geniuses "Rainbow Six Siege" division. Morquis "Modigga" Hribar joined the team as a player.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On September 26, 2019, the team confirmed their return to , signing the roster of NRG Esports. The Evil Geniuses would shock the scene by winning their first big event together, ESL One New York 2019.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: After the International 2011, Evil Geniuses announced their new "Dota 2" team in October 2011. This roster included Clinton "Fear" Loomis, Rasmus Berth "MiSeRy" Filipsen, Jimmy "DeMoN" Ho, Amel "PlaymatE' Barudzija, and Pers Anders Olsson "Pajkatt" Lille.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: EG acquired Kurtis "Aui_2000" Ling from Cloud9 in December 2014 and Sumail from Pakistan. On August 8, 2015, Evil Geniuses beat CDEC Gaming to win The International 2015, securing a first-time championship and winning a total of 6,616,014, which was one of the largest purses ever awarded in esports. They were also the first American-based team to win the event. A week later, Aui_2000 was released from his contract with the team, with former member Arteezy replacing him on the roster.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: EG finished third at both the Frankfurt Major 2015 and the Shanghai Major 2016. On March 22, Arteezy and UNiVeRsE left the team to join Team Secret. On March 25, EG announced that former members Aui_2000 and Bulba would rejoin the roster to fill these vacancies.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: EG placed third at The International 2016. After the tournament the team released ppd and Fear, who both decided to retire from playing "Dota 2" to pursue other opportunities within the organization. They were replaced by Andreas Franck "Cr1t-" Nielsen, who would go on to become the new captain, and Arteezy.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Following their elimination at The International 2017 in August, Ludwig "zai" Wåhlberg departed Evil Geniuses, saying he would seek new options about his career. Shortly after, Peter "ppd" Dager stepped down as CEO and was replaced by former team manager, Philip Aram. The following month, Evil Geniuses announced that Clinton "Fear" Loomis would come out of his coaching role to rejoin the team as an active player.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In December 2017, EG announced that they would be releasing UNiVeRsE and their head coach, SVG. They would pick up Rasmus "Misery" Filipsen and Sam "Bulba" Sosale to replace them, respectively. In May 2018, EG announced the acquisition of former OG players s4 and Fly after releasing Fear and Misery from their contracts. Shannon Larkin was added as the Dota team's manager in June 2018, in time for the team's participation in Dota Summit 9, which they would win.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: After adding two of "Dota 2" most accomplished players, EG headed to The International 2018 in Vancouver, Canada. After a successful group stage where they went 13–3, the joint highest record with Team Liquid. They defeated Team Secret 2–0 in the upper bracket, before setting up a grudge match with OG. The series went to three games, eventually culminating in EG's defeat as they fell to the lower bracket. They continued eliminating tournament favorites in Virtus.pro and Team Liquid, before bowing out to PSG.LGD and taking third place and more than US$2.6 million in prize money.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: As of November 15th, 2022, Evil Geniuses has ceased operations in the North American Dota Scene, and has switched operations to the South America region, according to a tweet by CEO Nicole LaPointe.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In September 2019, Evil Geniuses acquired the Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CSGO) team of NRG Esports the day before ESL One New York 2019. The original team consisted of Peter "stanislaw" Jarguz, Tarik "tarik" Celik, Vincent "Brehze" Cayonte, Ethan "Ethan" Arnold, Tsvetelin "CeRq" Dimitrov, and Chet "ImAPet" Singh as coach. At ESL One New York, EG was in Group B, alongside Danish superstars Astralis, FaZe Clan, and OpTic Gaming. EG's opening match was against FaZe Clan, in which they won 2–0. The following match was against Astralis, in which EG defeated them 2–0, something they have done only twice before and qualified for the playoffs. Evil Geniuses defeated G2 Esports 2–0. In the Grand Final, Evil Geniuses faced Astralis again, this time in a best of five. EG took the first map 16–3 and the second map 16–12. Unfortunately, on match point, EG choked a 4-round lead after reaching 15–11 and eventually lost the map 20–22. The next map, after struggling in the first half, EG won 16–8 and won the series 3–1. Brehze was named MVP of the event. At DreamHack Masters Malmö 2019, Evil Geniuses placed last alongside North, TyLoo, and fellow North Americans, Team Envy.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: At StarSeries i-League CS:GO Season 8, located in Belek, Turkey, Evil Geniuses faced unknown Chinese 5Power Gaming in the opening match, where they won 2–0 relatively easily, though the team would fail to take two maps away from Swedish Ninjas in Pyjamas (NiP), forcing the EG into the losers bracket. In the losers bracket, the team would defeat Heroic after narrowly losing the first map but taking the next two with little struggle. EG took a solid victory against Furia 2–0 then took revenge against NiP by defeating the Swedes 2–0, progressing to the upper bracket. Evil defeated Renegades (which later became 100 Thieves) 2–0, taking the first map easily but struggling slightly more on the second. EG would next play Fnatic in the upper bracket finals. After a terrible first map losing 16–2, EG took the next two maps and booked a spot in the grand finals, facing the winner of the losers bracket, Fnatic once again. In the grand final, EG played extremely well, making a tremendous comeback from a 9–0 deficit to win the first map 16–12 and win the second map much more decisively with a 16–9 score. Ethan was named MVP of the event


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In September 2019, Evil Geniuses announced it would be reentering "League of Legends" by filling in the "League of Legends" Championship Series (LCS) slot left open following the departure of Echo Fox.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: During November, Evil Geniuses announced the signing of Dennis "Svenskeren" Johnsen, Tristan "Zeyzal" Stidam and Colin "Kumo" Zhao of Cloud9, Bae "Bang" Jun-sik of 100 Thieves, Daniele "Jiizuke" di Mauro of Team Vitality and Heo "Irean" Yeong-chol of Counter Logic Gaming as the Head Coach. They ended the Spring Split in 3rd place, losing to FlyQuest in the playoffs with a final score of 1–3.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In the 2022 spring split, the team placed fourth in the regular season with a .500 record of 9–9, and played against the first seed Team Liquid in the first round of playoffs, falling 3–2. The team then went on to complete a lower bracket run all the way to the Grand Finals, including a decisive 3–0 win against Team Liquid. In the Grand Finals, Evil Geniuses beat 100 Thieves 3–0 to win their first LCS Championship as an organization. They went on to finish 3–4th at the 2022 Mid-Season Invitational, losing 3–0 against eventual champions Royal Never Give Up. Keeping the same roster for the summer split, Evil Geniuses finished 3rd following a 3–2 loss against 100 Thieves.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: Following the 2022 World Championship, where the team placed finished 11th–14th with a 1/5 group stage record, Evil Geniuses released their coaches Peter Dun, Artemis, Rigby, Artemis, and academy head coach ZzLegendary. It was later announced that Impact also left the team.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On October 5, they announced the signing of "German Amigos" consisting of Leonardo “Catalysm” Crist Ramos, Ivan “ivn” Sabri, Riccardo “Rizex45” Mazzotta and coach Kuno “Mumen” Hildebrandt. On September 30 Rizex45 and Mumen were released.On October 3 Damian "Tox" Schäfer was signed as a player with John "Virge" Willis as coach.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: On January 27, 2021, Evil Geniuses entered Valorant with their first roster consisting of Temperature, aleksandar, Osias, clawdia and Potter. On September 21, 2022, they were selected as a partner to compete in the Valorant Champions Tour Americas League.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In early 2019, Evil Geniuses acquired a "Fortnite Battle Royale" team. The team was released in June 2020.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In July 2017, Evil Geniuses announced that they would be releasing their Overwatch team just two months after it was originally formed.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In October 2017, Evil Geniuses acquired a PUBG team. After many changes throughout the following year, Evil Geniuses dropped the team in December 2018.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In November 2017, the team announced that they had acquired the roster for the Rainbow Six Pro League team of Continuum shortly before the Year 2 Season 3 Finals. It included Troy "Canadian" Jaroslawski, Nathan "nvK" Valenti, Austin "Yung" Trexler, Brandon "BC" Carr, Ammar “Necrox” Albanna, and Jordan “BKN” Soojian as the team's Coach.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: At the Year 2 Season 3 Finals in São Paulo, Brazil, EG placed 5–8th after losing to eventual champions ENCE Esports in the quarter finals. In February 2018, the team placed second to PENTA Sports in the Six Invitational 2018, the "Rainbow Six Siege" world championship. BKN would be released from the team on August 30 after placing second to G2 Esports, who picked up the former PENTA roster, in the Six Major Paris 2018. Necrox was later moved to the coach role as the team acquired Emilio "Geoometrics" Leynez Cuevas on September 3. Peter Chao also became manager of the Rainbow Six Siege team the same day. BC retired from a playing role on September 20, bringing Necrox back to a player role. On October 12, Aaron "Gotcha" Chung filled the empty spot of coach for the team and often played when another member of the team was unable to play.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In August 2019, Evil Geniuses would fall in the group stages of the Six Major Raleigh 2019 stunning fans and opponents. After a disappointing run in the Six Major Raleigh, Peter Chao, Gotcha, and Canadian all left the team, supporting the rumors of a potential change. To replace Canadian as a player, Morquis "Modigga" Hribar joined EG from Gotcha's former team, Disrupt Gaming. Ryan Towey also replaced Peter Chao as Manager. Canadian joined Spacestation Gaming and Gotcha joined Team SoloMid (TSM). EG performed relatively badly in the second half of Pro League Season 10, tying to Susquehanna Soniqs, Rogue, losing to Luminosity Gaming, placing 3rd failing to reach the Pro League Season 10 Finals in Tokoname, Japan.


title: Evil Geniuses

text: In November, Geoometrics left to join TSM and was replaced by Gotcha as a player. Tristan "Ranger" Pehrson, the former coach of Rogue, joined as a coach.


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: Microsoft Dynamics is a line of Business Applications, containing enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM). Microsoft markets Dynamics applications through a network of reselling partners who provide specialized services. Microsoft Dynamics forms part of "Microsoft Business Solutions". Dynamics can be used with other Microsoft programs and services, such as SharePoint, Yammer, Office 365, Azure and Outlook. The Microsoft Dynamics focus-industries are retail, services, manufacturing, financial services, and the public sector. Microsoft Dynamics offers services for small, medium, and large businesses.


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: Microsoft Dynamics is largely made up of products developed by companies that Microsoft acquired: Dynamics GP (formerly Great Plains), Dynamics NAV (formerly Navision; now forked into Dynamics 365 Business Central), Dynamics SL (formerly Solomon), and Dynamics AX (formerly Axapta; now forked into Dynamics 365 Finance and Operations). The various products are aimed at different market segments, ranging from small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) to large organizations with multi-language, currency, and legal entity capability. In recent years Microsoft Dynamics ERP has focused their marketing and innovation efforts on SaaS suites that includes the following products:


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: The update released in October 2018 included new features for sales, marketing, customer service, and recruitment.


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: This update was released on April 5, 2019. The features added after the update, included a user interface (UUI) to embed canvas apps created in PowerApps and it also brought back the tabs facility. The update also led to the removal of the Xrm.Page.data.


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: An update was announced on February 19, 2019. The update included additions to the Customer Insights, Microsoft's customer data platform (CDP) such as new first and third-party data connections. In addition to this, this update brought forth new sales forecasting tools and Dynamics 365 Sales Engagement Center. The Dynamics 365 Project Operations was introduced in this update.


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: This update included a replacement of bank reconciliation reports. The payment reconciliation journal was improved to support preview posting, separate number series, and user-defined documents numbers. Microsoft Dynamics 365 also welcomes Correct Dimensions action. With this update, Microsoft Dynamics 365 has welcomed integration with Microsoft Teams search box, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft Universal Print technology.


title: Microsoft Dynamics

text: Microsoft also sells Sure Step as an implementation methodology for Microsoft Dynamics for its re-sellers.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: Washoe County () is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: Washoe County was created on November 25, 1861, as one of the original nine counties of the Nevada Territory. It is named after the Washoe people who originally inhabited the area. It was consolidated with Roop County in 1864. Washoe City was the first county seat in 1861 and was replaced by Reno in 1871.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: In 1911, a small band of Shoshone and Bannock led by Mike Daggett killed four stockmen in Washoe County. A posse was formed, and on February 26, 1911, at the Battle of Kelley Creek, eight of Daggett's band were killed, along with one member of the posse, Ed Hogle. Three children and a woman who survived the battle were captured. The remains of some of the members of the band were repatriated from the Smithsonian Institution to the Fort Hall Idaho Shoshone-Bannock Tribe in 1994.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: In 1918, Washoe County elected the first woman elected to the Nevada Legislature, Sadie Hurst, a Republican.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: As of 2013, "Washoe County is the first school district in the state to offer Paiute classes," offering an elective course in the Paiute language at Spanish Springs High School and North Valleys High School.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (3.7%) is water. The highest point in Washoe County is Mount Rose at 10,785 ft (3,287 m), while the most topographically prominent peak is Virginia Peak.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: There are two incorporated cities within the county, namely Reno and Sparks. In 2010, there was a ballot question asking whether the Reno city government and the Washoe County government should become one combined governmental body. According to unofficial results the day after the election, 54% of voters approved of the ballot measure to consolidate the governments.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: The Truckee Meadows of Washoe County starts at the furthest southern runway of Reno Tahoe International Airport, GPS Coordinates 39.468836,-119.770912 and runs south east. Rattle Snake Mountain at Huffaker Park, follows the span of Steamboat Creek to the southern east end of Washoe County. This is the last of the range/prairie and wild grass water shed from the eastern range of the Reno Tahoe basin.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 339,486 people, 132,084 households, and 83,741 families living in the county. The population density was 54 people per square mile (21/km). There were 143,908 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile (9/km). The racial makeup of the county was 80.4% White, 2.1% Black or African American, 1.8% Native American, 4.3% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 7.7% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. 16.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: There were 132,084 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.60% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: The median income for a household in the county was $45,815, and the median income for a family was $54,283. Males had a median income of $36,226 versus $27,953 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,277. About 6.7% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 421,407 people, 163,445 households, and 102,768 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 184,841 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 76.9% white, 5.2% Asian, 2.3% black or African American, 1.7% American Indian, 0.6% Pacific islander, 9.5% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 22.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 16.9% were German, 13.1% were Irish, 11.8% were English, 7.2% were Italian, and 4.7% were American.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: Of the 163,445 households, 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 37.1% were non-families, and 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age was 37.0 years.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: The median income for a household in the county was $55,658 and the median income for a family was $67,428. Males had a median income of $46,653 versus $35,559 for females. The per capita income for the county was $29,687. About 8.5% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: The Demographics of Washoe County covers 6,540.4 square miles. There are approximately 42,154 households in the unincorporated areas with an estimated population of 419,948. The average household size in 2007 was estimated at 2.70. The Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District is charged with fire protection and emergency services in the unincorporated areas of the county.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: Washoe County was a Republican stronghold throughout the late twentieth century, having only voted for the Democratic candidate once between 1944 and 2004 (in the 1964 Democratic landslide). Since the 1990s, it has become more competitive, going from a 22-point win for George H. W. Bush in 1988 to only a three-point win for Bush in 1992. From 1996 to 2004, the Republican candidate tallied a margin greater than four points. Barack Obama won it by a 12-point margin in 2008, and since then, it has always voted Democratic in presidential elections, albeit by relatively narrow margins. However, Republicans still hold the majority of the county's seats in the state legislature. Democratic strength is concentrated in Reno and Sparks, while the rest of the county is much more Republican.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: The county is governed by an elected five-member Board of County Commissioners and an appointed county manager. The commissioners serve staggered four-year terms - three are elected during midterm elections and two during presidential elections.


title: Washoe County, Nevada

text: There is a charter school, Coral Academy of Science; and these private schools: Bishop Manogue High School and Excel Christian School.


title: Flaming Pie

text: Flaming Pie is the tenth solo studio album by English musician Paul McCartney, released on 5 May 1997 by Parlophone in the UK and Capitol Records in the US. His first studio album in over four years, it was mostly recorded after McCartney's involvement in the highly successful "Beatles Anthology" project. The album was recorded in several locations over two years, between 1995 and 1997, featuring two songs dating from 1992.


title: Flaming Pie

text: The album featured several of McCartney's family members and friends, most notably McCartney's son, James McCartney featured on electric guitar. In "Flaming Pie"'s liner notes, McCartney said: ""[The Beatles Anthology]" reminded me of the Beatles' standards and the standards that we reached with the songs. So in a way it was a refresher course that set the framework for this album."


title: Flaming Pie

text: "Flaming Pie" peaked at number two in both the UK and the US and was certified gold. The album, which was well-received by critics, also reached the top 20 in many other countries. From its release up to mid-2007, the album sold over 1.5 million copies. The album was reissued on 31 July 2020 as a part of the "Paul McCartney Archive Collection" with bonus tracks, outtakes and demos.


title: Flaming Pie

text: An early version of "Beautiful Night" was recorded in 1986. "Calico Skies", which McCartney had written when Hurricane Bob had hit while McCartney was staying on Long Island in 1991, and "Great Day", which features backing vocal from his wife Linda McCartney, hailed from a 1992 session, recorded before the 1993 release of album "Off the Ground".


title: Flaming Pie

text: Starting from the mid-1990s for four years, McCartney was involved in "The Beatles Anthology", a documentary on the history of the Beatles. The documentary was originally titled "The Long and Winding Road", named after the Beatles song of the same name. During 1995, as the "Anthology" albums were starting to be released over a two-year period, EMI did not want McCartney to release a solo album in the meantime. McCartney said that he "was almost insulted at first" before then realising that "it would be silly to go out against yourself in the form of the Beatles. So I fell in with the idea and thought, 'Great, I don't even have to think about an album.'"


title: Flaming Pie

text: The title "Flaming Pie" (also given to one of the album's songs) is a reference to an anecdote that John Lennon told in a humorous story published in magazine "Mersey Beat" in 1961 about the origin of the Beatles' name: "It came in a vision – a man appeared on a flaming pie and said unto them, 'from this day on you are Beatles with an A.' "


title: Flaming Pie

text: Beginning in February 1995, McCartney teamed up with Jeff Lynne, Electric Light Orchestra lead singer, guitarist, songwriter, and producer, as well as an ardent Beatles fan. Lynne had previously worked with former Beatle George Harrison on his 1987 album "Cloud Nine" and in the Traveling Wilburys, and also co-produced "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love" for the "Anthology" project. Intending to produce something pure and easy – and without elaborate productions – McCartney sporadically recorded the entire album in a space of two years, working not only with Lynne, but with Steve Miller. The album also featured George Martin, Ringo Starr and his own son, James McCartney, who plays lead guitar on "Heaven on a Sunday". McCartney wrote the song "Young Boy" while his wife Linda was making lunch for a "New York Times" feature on 18 August 1994. McCartney and Miller started recording "Young Boy" on 22 February 1995 in Sun Valley, Idaho. They reconvened a few months afterwards in May at McCartney's home studio, The Mill, recording – a song described as a "road song" – "If You Wanna" and the jam track "Used to Be Bad" in the process.


title: Flaming Pie

text: The duo also recorded the B-side "Broomstick" and three unreleased tracks: "(Sweet Home) Country Girl", "Soul Boy", and an untitled song. Also in May, McCartney, by himself, recorded the unreleased tracks "Stella May Day", for his daughter Stella McCartney, which would be used playing over loudspeakers at her fashion shows, and "Whole Life" with Dave Stewart. "Somedays", which was written while McCartney was escorting Linda to Kent for a photo shoot, features an orchestration score by George Martin. "The Song We Were Singing", which was about the times McCartney and his former songwriting partner John Lennon were at 20 Forthlin Road, was recorded in time. "Little Willow" was written for the children of Starr's first wife, Maureen Starkey Tigrett, who had recently died of cancer. "Souvenir" features the sound of a 78 rpm record towards the end of the track. The title track, recorded in a four-hour session, is in similar style to that of the Beatles' "Lady Madonna".


title: Flaming Pie

text: In May 1996, Starr and McCartney were working on a track that McCartney had started a decade earlier, "Beautiful Night", which featured vocals from Starr. Lynne showed up the next day and the trio, with McCartney on bass, Starr on drums, and Lynne on guitar, jammed, with the finished results being the track "Really Love You", the first track credited to McCartney–Starkey. McCartney and Starr also recorded the B-side "Looking for You" and an untitled song. "Heaven on a Sunday", which was written while McCartney was in the US sailing on holiday, was recorded on 16 September 1996, and features backing vocals by both Linda and James. Martin added orchestration to "Beautiful Night", on 14 February 1997 at Abbey Road Studios. An unreleased song recorded with Lynne producing, titled "Cello in the Ruins", was registered for copyright in 1994, although work on the song began in May 1995. The track was almost issued as a single for War Child's "The Help Album" in 1995. This album was the last McCartney studio album to feature vocals and participation from Linda, who died of breast cancer in 1998.


title: Flaming Pie

text: Upon its 1997 release, on 5 May in the UK on Parlophone and on 20 May in the US on Capitol Records|Capitol, the critical reaction to "Flaming Pie" was strong, with McCartney achieving his best reviews since 1982's "Tug of War". With fresh credibility, even with young fans who had been introduced to him through the "Anthology" project, it debuted at number 2 in the UK in May, giving McCartney his best new entry since "Flowers in the Dirt" eight years before. It was kept off the top spot by the Spice Girls' album "Spice". "Flaming Pie" was also received positively in the United States, where it became McCartney's first top 10 album since "Tug of War". "Flaming Pie" debuted at number 2, with 121,000 copies sold in its first week, behind "Spice", which sold 16,500 more copies that week.


title: Flaming Pie

text: In both the UK and the US, "Flaming Pie" was the most commercially successful new entry, and was certified gold in both countries. It was also certified gold in Norway. According to Nielsen SoundScan, the album had sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide up to June 2007.


title: Flaming Pie

text: Three singles were released from the album, "Young Boy", "The World Tonight" and "Beautiful Night", all of which were also released as picture discs, and all became UK top 40 hits. The only single in the US from the album was "The World Tonight", released on 17 April 1997, a top 30 entry on the "Billboard" mainstream rock listing. The singles featured two non-album b-sides recorded during "Flaming Pie" sessions: "Looking for You", additional jam with Ringo Starr and Jeff Lynne, and "Broomstick", additional track recorded with Steve Miller; and two tracks that were almost a decade old: "Love Come Tumbling Down" and "Same Love" recorded around the time of the sessions for "Once Upon a Long Ago" single and "Flowers in the Dirt" respectively. The singles also featured six "Oobu Joobu" mini episodes.


title: Flaming Pie

text: To promote the album, McCartney held an online chat party, and the event entered the "Guinness Book of World Records" for the most people in an online chatroom at once.


title: Flaming Pie

text: "In the World Tonight", a film about the making of the album, was broadcast in the UK on ITV, and on VH1 in the US, around the release of the album. Also broadcast was an hour-long radio show about the album on 5 May 1997 on BBC Radio 2. It received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year, although Bob Dylan won the award with his album "Time Out of Mind". "Young Boy" and "The World Tonight" appeared in the 1997 Ivan Reitman comedy "Fathers' Day".


title: Flaming Pie

text: "Flaming Pie" was reissued on 31 July 2020 as a part of the "Paul McCartney Archive Collection". Bonus tracks include home demos, outtakes, rough mixes and selections from the radio series "Oobu Joobu".


title: Flaming Pie

text: On 12 June 2020, it was officially announced that the album reissues of "Flaming Pie" would be released on 31 July 2020, as part of the "Paul McCartney Archive Collection" series. The "Flaming Pie" reissues were published in several editions:


title: I Am Number Four

text: I Am Number Four is a young adult science fiction novel by Pittacus Lore (the pseudonym of James Frey and Jobie Hughes) and the first book in the "Lorien Legacies" series. The book was published by HarperCollins on August 3, 2010, and spent seven successive weeks at #1 on the children's chapter of the "New York Times" bestseller list.


title: I Am Number Four

text: DreamWorks Pictures bought the rights to the film in June 2009; it was released on February 18, 2011, and was the first DreamWorks movie to be distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures.


title: I Am Number Four

text: The first book of the "Lorian Legacies Series" "I am Number Four", centers on the conflict between two extraterrestrial species: the "Loric" and the "Mogadorians". The Loric are classified into two factions: the overseers known as the "Cepân" and the guardians known as the "Garde", the latter of whom possess unique abilities known as "Legacies". The story opens with a prelude that follows "Hannu" – the alias used by Number Three, one of nine Garde children hiding on Earth after their homeworld of "Lorien" was invaded – residing in Kenya where he is killed by Mogadorian assassins under the command of General Andrakkus Sutekh.


title: I Am Number Four

text: Most of the book is told in the first person by Number Four, who takes the name "John Smith". As the story begins, he and his guardian or Cepân, "Henri", learn of the death of Number Three and move to Paradise, Ohio, assuming new identities aka John Smith. There, John befriends conspiracy theorist Sam Goode and "adopts" a dog identified by its name tag as "Bernie Kosar". He also meets and is attracted to a fellow student, Sarah Hart, who is working as a photographer. Sarah's ex-boyfriend, football player Mark James, is a bully who torments both John and Sam.


title: I Am Number Four

text: During the Halloween festival Sam mentions that he knows about Mogadorians from a magazine, "They Walk Among Us", a revelation that alarms both John and Henri. Mark and his friends organize a nasty surprise during the haunted hayride: Sarah, John and Sam are left stranded in the woods, where Mark plans to beat John up. John uses his "legacies", which are akin to superpowers, to fend off his attackers and rescue Sarah. In the darkness Sarah does not see John use his legacies, and he emphatically warns Mark not to talk (or to let his friends talk) about what happened and that he will punish Mark severely if Mark or any of his friends talk.


title: I Am Number Four

text: Sarah and John's relationship develops. Henri continues training John to use his legacies, now with an increasing sense of urgency. Henri is unsettled, and tells John that it is not safe to stay. He is also concerned as John is late in developing his telekinesis, a power that he will need to fight the Mogadorians. Later, it is revealed that Sam has seen enough to arouse his suspicions, but John allays them by bluffingly 'admitting' to being an alien. He finds out more about the magazine Sam reads by borrowing a copy. Sam speaks of his belief that his father has been abducted by aliens.


title: I Am Number Four

text: Henri discovers where the magazine is printed, and drives the two-hour car trip to Athens, Ohio, to find out more. John attends a Thanksgiving dinner with Sarah's family, but worries about Henri, who does not answer text messages. In his agitated state, John's telekinetic power manifests, though uncontrolled, and he leaves. He calls Sam for help, and they take Sam's father's long-unused truck and head for Athens, where they succeed in rescuing Henri. During the rescue, Sam is made fully aware of John's and Henri's alien secret, and John's legacies develop significantly. On their return, Henri insists they leave Paradise. John refuses, using his newfound powers to express his adamance, and Henri relents.


title: I Am Number Four

text: A few months pass, during which John trains in the use of his legacies. Henri gradually relaxes as John becomes more adept. At a party at Mark's house, a major fire breaks out, trapping Sarah, forcing John to use his powers to save her. He then reveals his secret to Sarah, and they lie to the police and a reporter about what happened. Later on, John also lies to Henri, in order not to reveal how much he has told Sarah.


title: I Am Number Four

text: But John's lies are revealed when a video is released on YouTube. Henri is furious, and demands they leave immediately. John again uses his powers to stop him, and desperately races to the school, knowing that Sarah is in danger. He finds Sarah, but the Mogadorians have already arrived. The Mogadorians have brought an enormous beast called Piken, and smaller, but still deadly, creatures called Krauls. These creatures are sent to track and kill the Loric. John and Sarah are joined by Number Six (who has been looking for them since Three's death) and later by Henri, Mark, and Bernie Kosar ("the dog"). John sends Mark off, exhorting him to protect Sarah. A furious battle ensues, during which Six exhibits powers of invisibility and control of the weather, and Bernie Kosar is revealed to be a Chimæra. Sam arrives partway through the battle.


title: I Am Number Four

text: John kills a soldier, Bernie Kosar battles a Piken, and at key moments John is helped by his human friends, but in the end they are depleted and weakened by numbers and power. Six is wounded and taken to relative safety. John uses an ability he was barely aware of to communicate with a beast brought by the Mogadorians and to turn it against them. Henri is killed, but before dying exhorts John to read a letter he left for him. John survives, though he is very weak, and the Mogadorians are defeated.


title: I Am Number Four

text: "I Am Number Four" has received mixed reviews. Kirkus Reviews wrote, "If it were a Golden Age comic, this tale of ridiculous science, space dogs and humanoid aliens with flashlights in their hands might not be bad." The Chicago Tribune said, “There’s genuine suspense…it’s easy to get lost in the world of the sweet teen from another planet.” Booklist reviewed it as, “Terrifically propulsive.” Publishers Weekly wrote, "For those looking for an undemanding, popcorn-ready read, this 'guy—okay, alien—gets the girl and saves the world' adventure should do the trick." School Library Journal wrote, "With its interesting premises and a fast-pace telling, the story will grab readers who are willing to suspend quite a bit of disbelief. Others, who like their science fiction with a bit more science and internal logic, will have to search elsewhere." The Horn Book reviewed it as, "Riveting." It was on the number one spot of the New York Times Best Sellers List for 7 weeks and was on it for a total of 17 weeks.


title: First Amendment audits

text: First Amendment audits are a largely American social movement that usually involves photographing or filming from a public space. It is often categorized by its practitioners, known as auditors, as activism and citizen journalism that tests constitutional rights; in particular the right to photograph and video record in a public space. Auditors believe that the movement promotes transparency and open government. However, critics argue that audits are often confrontational in nature, as auditors often refuse to self-identify or explain their activities. Some auditors have also been known to enter public buildings asserting that they have a legal right to openly carry firearms, leading to accusations that auditors are engaged in intimidation, terrorism, and the sovereign citizen movement.


title: First Amendment audits

text: Auditors tend to film or photograph government buildings, equipment, access control points and sensitive areas, as well as recording law enforcement or military personnel present. Auditors have been detained, arrested, assaulted, had camera equipment confiscated, weapons aimed at them, had their homes raided by a SWAT team, and been shot while video recording in a public place. Such events have prompted police officials to release information on the proper methods of handling such an activity. For example, a document sponsored by the International Association of Chiefs of Police states that the use of a recording device alone is not grounds for arrest, unless other laws are violated.


title: First Amendment audits

text: The practice is predominantly an American concept, but it has also been seen in other countries including the United Kingdom, Canada, India, and Russia.


title: First Amendment audits

text: Auditors typically travel to a place that is considered public property, such as a sidewalk or public right-of-way, or a place open to the public, such as a post office or government building, and visibly and openly photograph and record buildings and persons in their view.


title: First Amendment audits

text: In the case of sidewalk or easement audits, the conflict arises when a property owner or manager states, in substance, that photography of their property is not allowed. Sometimes, auditors will tell property owners upon questioning that they are photographing or recording for a story, they are photographing or recording for their "personal use", or sometimes auditors do not answer questions. Frequently, local law enforcement is called and the auditor is sometimes reported as a suspicious person and are often also identified as having been on private property. Some officers will approach the auditors and request his or her identification and an explanation of their conduct. Auditors refusing to identify sometimes results in officers arresting auditors for obstruction of justice, disorderly conduct, or other potential or perceived crimes.


title: First Amendment audits

text: The legality of recording in public was first clearly established in the United States following the case of "Glik v. Cunniffe", which confirmed that restricting a person's right to film in public would violate their First and Fourth amendment rights. As the 7th Circuit Federal Court of Appeals explained in "ACLU v. Alvarez", "[t]he act of making an audio or audiovisual recording is necessarily included within the First Amendment’s guarantee of speech and press rights as a corollary of the right to disseminate the resulting recording. The right to publish or broadcast an audio or audiovisual recording would be insecure, or largely ineffective, if the antecedent act of making the recording is wholly unprotected." However, the legality of the auditors' actions beyond mere filming are frequently subject to debate. As long as the auditor remains in a public place where they are legally allowed to be, they have the right to record anything in plain view, subject to time, place, and manner restrictions.


title: First Amendment audits

text: Some auditors occasionally yell insults, derogatory language, and vulgarities at police officers who attempt to stop them from recording or improperly demand identification. Police will sometimes charge auditors with disorderly conduct when they engage in behavior that could be considered unlawful. For example, an auditor in San Antonio was prosecuted and convicted of disorderly conduct after an audit. After the trial, the Chief of Police for the City of San Antonio stated "[the verdict] puts a dagger in the heart of their First Amendment excuse for insulting police officers..." Despite the San Antonio Police Chief's statement, insulting the police is consistently treated as constitutionally protected speech.


title: First Amendment audits

text: The rights exercised in a typical audit are freedom of speech and freedom of the press in the First Amendment, freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures in the Fourth Amendment, and the right to remain silent in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.


title: First Amendment audits

text: Auditing can be controversial due to the confrontational tactics of some auditors, which has been criticized as intimidation or harassment. While filming in public is legal, such activity may cause some people to feel alarmed. Some auditors cite independent research into relevant laws, pointing out that they are currently being recorded by cameras in the building, or by stating that there is no expectation of privacy in public. Some auditors will also engage in argumentative, harassing or outright aggressive behavior in order to solicit a reaction from government employees, especially Law Enforcement.


title: First Amendment audits

text: One auditor stated that the goal of an audit is to "put yourself in places where you know chances are the cops are going to be called. Are they going to uphold the constitution, uphold the law ... or break the law?" Auditors state that they seek to educate the public that photography is not a crime, while publicizing cases where officers illegally stop what is perceived as illegal conduct.


title: First Amendment audits

text: An auditor selects a public facility and then films the entire encounter with staff and customers alike. If no confrontation or attempt to stop the filming occurs, then the facility passes the audit; if an employee attempts to stop a filming event, it fails the audit.


title: First Amendment audits

text: In 2017, Justice Jacques Wiener of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit wrote a federal appeals decision in favor of an auditor who was detained for filming police officers; "Filming the police contributes to the public's ability to hold the police accountable, ensure that police officers are not abusing their power, and make informed decisions about police policy."


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Valeria Valeryevna Lukyanova (; ; born 1990/1991) is a Moldova-born Ukrainian model and entertainer of Russian origin famous for her resemblance to a Barbie doll. She currently lives in Russia. To enhance the Barbie effect Lukyanova uses makeup and contact lenses over her naturally green/gray/blue eyes. She has stated that she has had breast implants, but that the rest of her body is natural and slender due to daily gym workouts and a particular diet.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Lukyanova was born 1990/1991, in Tiraspol, in what was then part of Moldavian SSR in the Soviet Union. She is of Russian origin. Her mother, Irina, worked for the military sector and her father was a builder who also worked part-time as a disc jockey. Lukyanova lived in Odesa, Ukraine from age 16 until 2014, when she moved to Moscow.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: In 2007, Lukyanova won the worldwide beauty contest "Miss Diamond Crown of the World". The beauty pageant was open to any woman, had about 300 contestants, and had no rule forbidding plastic surgery or body modification. She subsequently had multiple photo sessions and interviews published in Russian media, including erotic photos. Lukyanova developed a worldwide following for her Barbie doll-like appearance after she posted photos and videos of herself on the web. She gained notoriety after reports of her "almost inhuman beauty" surfaced online. The first notable coverage of her from outside Russia was on the "Jezebel" blog, followed by a photo session in "V" by Sebastian Faena. The media described her as being like a living Barbie doll.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: There has been scepticism of Lukyanova. "ABC News" suggested that Lukyanova was a hoax aided by image editing software. Diane Levin regarded Lukyanova as an example of the negative effects of media objectification. To counter the image editing accusations, Lukyanova posted videos on YouTube and appeared on Russia-1 and Channel One Russia TV channels. Lukyanova admitted to having breast augmentation but no other plastic surgery, and denies that she had ribs removed to make her waist smaller. Lukyanova blamed people unconnected to her for altering photos of her younger self in a malicious attempt to imply she had received body modifications.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: In 2013, Lukyanova was the subject of an episode of "Vice"'s My Life Online documentary series entitled "Space Barbie." In 2013 she participated in the documentary movie "The Phase", which was released on YouTube in 7 languages.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Lukyanova is an instructor at the School of Out-of-Body Travel, described as "an international school in which our instructors show students how to leave their physical body and travel in their spiritual body." Her spiritual name is Amatue.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: She is a composer, an opera singer, and has recorded two albums of new-age music, "Sun in the Eyes" and "2013" using the name Amatue. she wrote a book, "Astral Travel Amatue," about her astral trips which she made available in 2012 as an RTF file to download for free from her website.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: She had her debut starring role in a feature film in "The Doll" (2017), a horror movie directed and written by Susannah O’Brien. The film, which also includes Mindy Robinson and Ron Jeremy, revolves around Lukyanova's character, an escort made from doll parts created by a doctor to recruit others to kill, and the two men who requested her. The movie presented at the Cannes Film Festival in 2017.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: She is of Russian origin. She has a bachelor's degree in architecture from Odesa State Academy of Constructions and Architecture.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: She is married to Ukrainian businessman Dmitry Shkrabov, her childhood friend. However, Lukyanova said that she does not want to have children or a "family lifestyle."


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Lukyanova is a strict raw vegetarian, living on a liquid diet. She said that her weight was 45 kg (100 lb) in 2012. In 2014 she stated she was training herself to live off only light and air and converting to breatharianism. This is a cult with the central belief that food and possibly water are not necessary for survival. However, later she stopped this experiment, stating: "I still would like to do breatharianism someday. But right now I am far from it, and I do not know when I will do it".


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: In 2014, Lukyanova reported to police that she was punched and strangled by two men outside her home, after receiving anonymous threats for over the past two years. She was hospitalized and released a week later.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Lukyanova caused controversy when she expressed support of Russia during the War in Donbas. She wrote, after posing in the Crimea region: "Do not give up! fight! Our grandfathers fought with bare hands against the fascists! Do not disgrace the honour of the Great Warrior! Be aware that Russia is always with you!"


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: She has also expressed racist views. She claimed, in a 2014 interview, that race-mixing caused "degeneration" and said that race-mixing was the reason why there are presumably less beautiful women today. About her own looks, she said, "I have white skin; I am a Nordic type - perhaps a little Eastern Baltic, but closer to Nordic." She went as far as to say that a girl born to a Russian mother and an Armenian father would need to go through plastic surgery to reduce the size of her nose.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: In 2022, she criticised the sanctions imposed on Russia as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian War and said that those sanctions would hurt models who couldn't compete in international organisations.


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Throughout her career, she has received various nicknames referring to her Barbie-like appearance. She has most commonly been referred to as "The Human Barbie".


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: In Russian-speaking media, she's often been referred to as "The Russian Barbie," "The Ukrainian Barbie," and "The Odessa Barbie."


title: Valeria Lukyanova

text: Lukyanova, has expressed anger at the nickname of "Human Barbie", as she feels that it's "a little degrading and insulting" but that she's used to it now as it's the image her fans "requested" so she has to "comply with it because it's become part of my aesthetic image, but I don't like it".


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: National Treasure: Edge of History is an American action-adventure television series developed for the streaming service Disney+ based on, and a continuation of, the "National Treasure" film series. The series stars Lisette Oliviera and Catherine Zeta-Jones with Justin Bartha and Harvey Keitel reprising their roles from the films. Mira Nair directed the pilot episode. It premiered on December 14, 2022.


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: In early May 2020, Jerry Bruckheimer revealed in an interview with Collider that a "National Treasure" television series was in the works for Disney+. The series would follow the same concept as the films with a younger cast. The script for the plot was completed, with plotting for the story continued for the rest of the episodes.


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: In March 2021, Disney officially greenlit the series. The series's title was revealed in July 2022, ahead of its panel at San Diego Comic-Con.


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: In October 2021, Lisette Alexis was cast in the lead role. In January 2022, Lyndon Smith, Zuri Reed, Jake Austin Walker, Antonio Cipriano and Jordan Rodrigues were added to the cast, with Catherine Zeta-Jones joining the next month. In April 2022, Justin Bartha joined the series as a guest star to reprise his role from the films. On July 21, 2022 during San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Harvey Keitel would also be reprising his role as Peter Sadusky, the lead FBI agent from the first 2 movies. On November 10, 2022, it was revealed that Nicolas Cage would reprise his role as Ben Gates in the second season of the series.


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: Principal photography began on February 12, 2022 in Baton Rouge. Filming moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico in late June.


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: "National Treasure: Edge of History" was released on December 14, 2022 on Disney+, with its first two episodes available immediately.


title: National Treasure: Edge of History

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 44% based on 16 critic reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Treating the franchise's past with an overweening reverence while padding out its new cast with cloying sidekicks, this "National Treasure" spinoff tumbles over the edge of satisfaction." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 43 out of 100 based on 9 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Tender Mercies

text: Tender Mercies is a 1983 American drama film directed by Bruce Beresford. The screenplay by Horton Foote focuses on Mac Sledge, a recovering alcoholic country music singer who seeks to turn his life around through his relationship with a young widow and her son in rural Texas. Robert Duvall plays the role of Mac; the supporting cast includes Tess Harper, Betty Buckley, Wilford Brimley, Ellen Barkin and Allan Hubbard.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Financed by EMI Films, "Tender Mercies" was shot largely in Waxahachie, Texas. The script was rejected by several American directors before the Australian Beresford accepted it. Duvall, who sang his own songs in the film, drove more than throughout the state, tape recording local accents and playing in country music bands to prepare for the role. He and Beresford repeatedly clashed during production, at one point prompting the director to walk off the set and reportedly consider quitting the film.


title: Tender Mercies

text: The film encompasses several themes, including the importance of love and family, the possibility of spiritual resurrection amid death and the concept of redemption through Mac Sledge's conversion to Christianity. Following poor test screening results, distributor Universal Pictures made little effort to publicise "Tender Mercies", which Duvall attributed to the studio's lack of understanding of country music.


title: Tender Mercies

text: The film was released on March 4, 1983, in a limited number of theatres. Although unsuccessful at the box office, it was critically acclaimed and earned five Academy Award nominations, including one for Best Picture. "Tender Mercies" won Oscars for Best Original Screenplay for Foote and Duvall won the Academy Award for Best Actor.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Mac Sledge (Robert Duvall), a washed-up, alcoholic country singer, awakens at a run-down Texas roadside motel and gas station after a night of heavy drinking. He meets the owner, a young widow named Rosa Lee (Tess Harper), and offers to perform maintenance work at the motel in exchange for a room. Rosa, whose husband was killed in the Vietnam War, is raising her young son, Sonny (Allan Hubbard), on her own. She agrees to let Mac stay on condition that he does not drink while working. The two begin to develop feelings for each other, mostly during quiet evenings sitting alone and sharing parts of their life stories.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Mac resolves to give up alcohol and start his life anew. After enough days of keeping his word and doing his work, he is comfortable enough in his new life that he and Rosa Lee wed. They start attending a Baptist church on a regular basis. One day, a newspaper reporter visits the motel and asks Mac whether he has stopped recording music and if he has deliberately chosen to lead an anonymous life. When Mac refuses to answer, the reporter explains he is writing a story about him and has interviewed his ex-wife, Dixie Scott (Betty Buckley), a country music star who is performing nearby.


title: Tender Mercies

text: After the story is published, the neighbourhood learns of Mac's past, and members of a local country–western band visit him to show their respect. Although he greets them politely, Mac remains reluctant to open up about his past. Later, he secretly attends Dixie's concert. She passionately sings several songs that Mac wrote years earlier, and he leaves in the middle of the performance. Backstage, he talks to Dixie's manager, his old friend, Harry (Wilford Brimley). Mac gives him a copy of a new song he has written and asks him to show it to Dixie. Mac tries to talk to her but she becomes angry on seeing him and warns him to stay away from their 18-year-old daughter, Sue Anne (Ellen Barkin).


title: Tender Mercies

text: On his return home, Mac assures Rosa Lee he no longer has any feelings for Dixie, whom he describes as "poison" to him. Later, Harry visits Mac to tell him, seemingly at Dixie's urging, that the country music business has changed and his new song is no good. Hurt and angry, Mac drives away and nearly crashes the truck. He buys a bottle of whiskey but, returning home to a worried Rosa Lee and Sonny, he tells them he poured it out. He says he tried to leave Rosa Lee, but found he could not. Some time later, Mac and Sonny are baptised together in Rosa Lee's church.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Eventually, Sue Anne visits Mac—their first encounter since she was a baby. Mac asks whether she got any of his letters, and she says her mother kept them from her. She also reports that Dixie tried to keep her from visiting Mac, and that, despite her mother's objections, she is eloping with her boyfriend. Mac admits that he used to hit Dixie and that she divorced him after he tried to kill her in a drunken rage. Sue Anne asks whether Mac remembers a song about a dove he sang to her when she was a baby. He claims he does not, but after she leaves, he sings to himself the hymn "On the Wings of a Dove," which refers to a dove from the Lord saving Noah, and to the Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove at Jesus' baptism.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Boys at school bully Sonny about his dead father, and he and Mac grow closer. The members of the local country band ask Mac permission to perform one of his songs, and he agrees. Mac begins performing with them and they make plans to record together. His newfound happiness is interrupted when Sue Anne dies in a car accident. Mac attends his daughter's funeral at Dixie's lavish home in Nashville and comforts her when she breaks down. He also complains to Rosa Lee that, during their marriage, Dixie kept saying she would give up her career but never did.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Back home, Mac keeps quiet about his emotional pain, although he wonders aloud to Rosa Lee why his once sorry existence has been given meaning and, on the other hand, his daughter has died. Throughout his mourning, Mac continues his new life with Rosa Lee and Sonny. In the final scene, Sonny finds a football that Mac has left as a gift for him. Mac is watching the motel from a field across the road, singing "On the Wings of a Dove" to himself. Sonny thanks him for the football and the two play catch together in the field.


title: Tender Mercies

text: Playwright Horton Foote reportedly considered giving up on film writing, due to what he regarded as a poor adaptation of his 1952 play "The Chase" into a 1966 film of the same name. Following what Foote saw as a far more successful adaptation of his 1968 play "Tomorrow" in 1972, his interest in filmmaking was rekindled, with the condition that he maintain some degree of control over the final product. Foote said of this stage in his career, "I learned that film really should be like theatre in the sense that, in theatre, the writer is, of course, very dominant ... If we don't like something, we can speak our minds. ... It is always a collaborative effort. ... But in Hollywood it wasn't so. A writer there has in his contract that you are a writer for hire, which means that you write a script, then it belongs to them." This renewed interest in cinema prompted Foote to write "Tender Mercies", his first work written specifically for the screen. In the view of biographer George Terry Barr, the script reflected "Foote's determination to battle a Hollywood system that generally refuses to make such personal films."