text: The Canadian medal, which is to "honour significant contributions and achievements by Canadians," is administered by the Chancellery of Honours at Rideau Hall and was awarded to 60,000 citizens and permanent residents of Canada who made a significant contribution to their fellow countrymen, their community, or to Canada over the previous sixty years. The medal could have been awarded posthumously if the recipient was alive on 6 February 2012. The medals were allocated either automatically to individuals within certain prescribed categories—such as those in the Canadian order of precedence, the Order of Canada, or recipients of the Cross of Valour—or by selection by specific officials, such as the Governor General, senators, the Chief of the Defence Staff, or presidents of various non-governmental organisations. The Governor General was also permitted to make "exceptional awards" of the medal.


title: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal

text: On 30 May 2012, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, presented British jubilee medals to 28 members of the Victoria Cross and George Cross Association, including individuals from the United Kingdom, Australia, Nepal, and Indonesia, as well as representatives from Malta and the Royal Ulster Constabulary, which had each been collectively awarded the George Cross between 1942 and 1999, respectively.


text: In Jamaica, the Diamond Jubilee medal was awarded to members of the Jamaica Defence Force, the Jamaica Constabulary Force, the Department of Correctional Services, the Jamaica Fire Brigade, and the Emergency Services.


text: In keeping with previous jubilees, plans for a commemorative medal were first announced by the Lord President of the Council, Lord Mandelson, in early 2010. The design and eligibility criteria were subsequently announced by the Secretary of State for Culture, Jeremy Hunt, in the summer of 2011, stating "I hope the official medal will serve as a mark of thanks to all those who give so much in the name of society and public service and I extend my congratulations to all the recipients."


text: The Governor General of Canada, David Johnston, announced on 3 February 2011 that the Queen had approved the creation of the Canadian Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal and he and Prime Minister Stephen Harper unveiled the medal's design at Rideau Hall. The first medal was struck by the Governor General on 6 December of the same year.


text: On Accession Day 2012, the first Canadian medals were presented to 60 recipients by the Governor General at a ceremony at Rideau Hall and to others at other locations across the country; the Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island, Frank Lewis, awarded the medal to six persons at a ceremony at Government House. It was at the same time announced that each member of the federal parliament (MP) and senator would receive a jubilee medal. At least six Quebec MPs (four belonging to the Bloc Québécois party and two to the New Democratic Party (NDP)) declined the honour. Bloc MP Maria Mourani did so because she felt the medal was a "symbol of colonisation" and to accept it would be offensive to her belief in Quebec sovereignty, while Louis Plamondon stated the money being spent by the Crown on jubilee events and markers was a waste. NDP MP Pierre Nantel stated his then four months in the House of Commons did not warrant such recognition and it should go to a more deserving constituent in his riding.


text: It was reported in April 2012 that some recipients of the British medal had been criticised for offering their awards for sale on eBay, while ex servicemen and women, the Merchant Navy, and St. John Ambulance were angered at being overlooked due to the "economic climate." Recognising that "some people and organisations might be disappointed," a government spokesman said: "It is also important to maintain the integrity and exclusivity of the medal, and it is simply not possible to include all these groups." The contract to produce the medal and ribbons was awarded to a consortium of small businesses holding royal warrants, led by Worcestershire Medal Service.


title: KLA Corporation

text: KLA Corporation is an American capital equipment company based in Milpitas, California. It supplies process control and yield management systems for the semiconductor industry and other related nanoelectronics industries. The company's products and services are intended for all phases of wafer, reticle, integrated circuit (IC) and packaging production, from research and development to final volume manufacturing.


title: KLA Corporation

text: KLA-Tencor was formed in 1997 through the merger of KLA Instruments and Tencor Instruments, two companies in the semiconductor equipment and yield management systems industry. The merger was intended to create a single source for chip process and diagnostics equipment. KLA Instruments was founded in 1975 by Ken Levy and Bob Anderson, and focused on photomask detection to identify chip defects. KLA later broadened its product line to include wafer inspection, wafer metrology and integrated inspection and analysis software. Tencor was founded in 1976 by Czech scientist and US immigrant Karel Urbanek, along with colleague John Schwabacher. The company initially focused on making precise measurements of semiconductor film layer thickness, and in 1984, developed laser-scanning technology to detect particle and other contamination. The company also developed defect review and data analysis equipment. At the time of the merger, the companies' combined revenue was greater than $1 billion.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In February 1998, KLA-Tencor acquired Freiburg, Germany-based Nanopro GmbH, a company that used advanced interferometric technology for wafer shape and thickness measurements. In April, the company acquired Amray, Inc., a Bedford, Massachusetts-based provider of scanning electron microscope (SEM) systems for applications including semiconductor manufacturing. In June, the company acquired San Jose, CA-based VARS, a developer of image archiving and retrieval systems. In November, KLA-Tencor acquired the Quantox line of oxide monitoring products from Solon, Ohio-based measurement and instrument company Keithley Instruments. In December, the company acquired the Ultrapointe subsidiary of Uniphase Corporation.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In February 2000, KLA-Tencor acquired Austin, Texas-based Finle Technologies, Inc., a developer of lithography modeling and analysis software. In March, the company acquired Austin, Texas-based advanced process control (APC) software developer Fab Solutions, from parent ObjectSpace.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In 2004, KLA-Tencor acquired surface inspection system manufacturer Candela Instruments, Inc. and the Wafer Inspection Systems business of Inspex, Inc.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In 2006, the company acquired ADE Corporation, a supplier of silicon wafer metrology and related gear.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In 2007, KLA-Tencor acquired lithography and plasma etch products manufacturer OnWafer Technologies, temperature monitoring firm SensArray Corporation and process control and metrology company Therma-Wave Corporation.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In 2008, the company acquired test and measurement company ICOS Vision Systems Corporation NV, and the Microelectronic Inspection Equipment (MIE) business unit of Vistec Semiconductor Systems, Inc.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In 2014, the company acquired computational lithography and inspection company Luminescent Technologies, Inc.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In 2018, KLA-Tencor acquired the Nano Indenter product line from Keysight Technologies. The company also acquired Nanomechanics Inc. and MicroVision.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In March 2018, KLA-Tencor announced an agreement to acquire Yavne, Israel-based automated optical inspection equipment vendor Orbotech for approximately $3.4 billion. Orbotech also owned Newport, Wales, UK-based SPTS Technologies Ltd, a manufacturer of etch, PVD and CVD wafer processing equipment for the MEMS, advanced packaging, LED, high-speed RF, and power management devices.


title: KLA Corporation

text: On January 10, 2019, KLA-Tencor announced that they were changing their name to KLA Corporation. In February, the company announced that its acquisition of Orbotech was complete. The company's name change took effect in July 2019. In June, KLA announced plans to open a second US headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The facility was scheduled to open in summer 2021, with plans to host 500-600 new hires, around 50% of whom were to be engineers. The facility would reportedly have a relationship with the University of Michigan and support automotive industry partnerships.


title: KLA Corporation

text: In July 2021, the company introduced new inspection products for automotive chips. In November, KLA's new North American headquarters opened in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The facility is 230,000 square feet, and is designed to support 1,000 employees.


title: KLA Corporation

text: On January 2008, KLA paid $65 million to settle allegations that the company and certain executives had illegally backdated stock option grants. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission stated that "KLA dramatically overstated its reported financial results, depriving investors of accurate information about the company's compensation costs and financial performance. It is especially troubling for a public company to engage in such misconduct even after being cautioned that these practices were impermissible."


title: KLA Corporation

text: KLA Foundation (originally KLA-Tencor Foundation) is the company's philanthropic arm, and was founded in 2000. KLA Foundation supports and benefits the global communities in which KLA employees live, such as donations to the Milpitas school district, the American Red Cross, and Silicon Valley Leadership Group’s Covid-19 Aid Coalition.


title: Baseball cap

text: The front of the hat typically displays a design or a logo (historically, usually only a sports team, namely a baseball team, or names of relevant companies, when used as a commercial marketing technique). The hat may be "fitted" to the wearer's head or the back may have elastic, a plastic prong-in-a-hole (multiple holes with one prong that can be inserted), Velcro, a zipper, or a tri-glide slide so that it can be quickly adjusted to fit different wearers' heads. The baseball hat is a part of the traditional baseball uniform worn by players, with the brim pointing forward to shield the eyes from the sun. Since the 1980s, varieties of the hat have become prevalent in the United States and many other nations, both for utilitarian (protecting the eyes from the sun) and fashion accessory purposes.


title: Baseball cap

text: In 1860, the Brooklyn Excelsiors wore the ancestor of the modern rounded-top baseball cap, which featured a long peak and a button on top, and by 1900, the "Brooklyn style" cap became popular.


title: Baseball cap

text: During the 1940s, latex rubber became the stiffening material inside the hat and the modern baseball cap was born. The peak, also known in certain areas as the "bill" or "brim", was designed to protect a player's eyes from the sun. Typically, the peak was much shorter in the earlier days of the baseball hat. Also, the hat has become more structured, versus the overall "floppy" cap of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The baseball cap was and still is an important means by which to identify a team. Often the logo, mascot, or team's initial was placed on the cap. Usually, the cap was also fashioned in the official colors of a particular team.


title: Baseball cap

text: Fitted baseball hats — those without an adjuster — are normally sewn in six sections, and may be topped with a matching fabric-covered button (also called a squatchee) on the crown. Metal grommets or fabric eyelets are often sewn or attached near the top of each of the six sections of fabric to provide ventilation. In some cases, the rear sections of the crown are made of net-like mesh material for extra ventilation. The peak is typically stiffened by a sewn-in piece of paperboard or stiff plastic.


title: Baseball cap

text: Baseball hats are made of many types of material and shaped in various styles for different purposes. Major and minor league baseball players wear classic-style hats made of wool (or, more recently, polyester) with their team's simple logo and colors; the logo is usually embroidered into the fabric. More recently there are brands that are using uncommon materials for snapback hats as for example wood brims.


title: Baseball cap

text: Formerly, baseball hats only came in standard hat sizes. Since the early 1970s, they have also been available in a one-size-fits-all form, with an adjustment strap in the back. The style, commonly called snapback, has become increasingly popular as fashion accessories. Advances in textiles have led to the "stretch-fit" hat, which uses Lycra or rubber to allow a hat to have a fitted style while still being "adjustable" within sizes.


title: Baseball cap

text: Another version of the baseball hat is a plastic mesh hat with a foam front imprinted with a company logo. This style is sometimes called a trucker hat or a "gimme hat" because it is given away for free as a promotional item.


title: Baseball cap

text: Beginning with the 2014 season, MLB Pitchers are permitted to wear a special reinforced hat to protect their heads from line drives.


title: Baseball cap

text: Athletes in other sports wear hats with their team's logo and colors as "sideline" hats; both types are also sold as authentic team merchandise in retail stores. Other hats may simply have a maker's logo, such as Reebok, Nike or Carhartt; these hats are often made of brushed cotton. Golfers tend to prefer the sports visor form which does not cover the head but keeps the sun out of their eyes; women also traditionally have worn visors casually but a trend in certain youth subcultures sees an increase in feminine use of full hats.


title: Baseball cap

text: Those of the United States Armed Forces are worn mostly with utility uniforms and coveralls. They sometimes have a command logo on the front to denote command affiliation. Alternatively, the cap may have the wearer's rank on the front, if an officer. Baseball caps of a particular color are worn to denote a specific function of a person or particular job. For example, in the United States submarine force, red baseball caps are worn by drill monitors who facilitate and critique members of the boat's crew during drills. In the United States Army, parachute riggers wear red baseball caps and parachute instructors wear black baseball caps as part of their uniform. In various squadrons of the United States Air Force's civilian auxiliary, squadron-distinctive baseball caps have been issued as headgear (or "cover") for the Battle Dress Uniform, typically displaying squadron colors, squadron number, and/or squadron patch. Although the BDUs have their own cover, a patrol cap in M81 Woodland, some squadrons have opted for more distinctive covers.


title: Baseball cap

text: There has been a marked trend in recent years among police forces and other uniformed bodies throughout the world to substitute inexpensive and comfortable baseball caps for peaked caps and other traditional headdresses. The baseball cap is also commonly used by private security companies as a cheap, practical piece of uniform headgear.


title: Baseball cap

text: Many armed police units around the world, notably SWAT in the United States and the Metropolitan Police Specialist Firearms Command in the UK, often wear baseball caps to shield their eyes from the sun where a full helmet would be excessive.


title: Baseball cap

text: The Finnish Police uses a baseball cap, which is considered an official identification device and cannot be worn, or even displayed by civilians, and has mostly replaced the traditional side cap.


title: Baseball cap

text: In the United Kingdom, the baseball cap has the additional advantage of being unisex and suitable for wear by both male and female officers. Throughout 2017, the Northamptonshire, Cheshire and Lancashire police forces adopted specially strengthened baseball caps known as "Bump Caps", to replace the helmets and bowler hats previously worn. However, the Northamptonshire force announced in November 2018 that their "Bump Caps" had proven scruffy and unpopular, and would be withdrawn from use.


title: Baseball cap

text: In Slovenia, policemen on motorcycles wear baseball caps as a part of their uniform, when they remove the helmet.


title: Baseball cap

text: In many United States police forces, the baseball cap is worn as a more practical alternative to the traditional peaked cap or campaign hat, the latter of which is generally used by Sheriff's departments and state police forces. Baseball caps are more common on the West Coast, whereas in eastern states, the traditional peaked cap is more prominent. A notable exception is the San Francisco Police Department, where peaked caps are still worn regularly.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: For over 15 centuries, the relationship between Japan and Korea was characterized by cultural exchanges, economic trade, political contact and military confrontations, all of which underlie their relations even today. During the ancient era, exchanges of cultures and ideas between Japan and mainland Asia were common through migration via the Korean Peninsula, and diplomatic contact and trade between the two.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Since 1945, relations involve three states: North Korea, South Korea and Japan. Japan cut off Korea from Qing Chinese suzerainty and for Japan, a high priority in the late 19th century, fighting wars with those two countries on the issue. Japan took control of Korea with the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910. When Japan was defeated in World War II, Soviet forces took control of the North, and American forces took control of the South, with the 38th parallel as the agreed-upon dividing line. South Korea is independent as of August 15, 1945, and North Korea as of September 9, 1945. In June 1950, North Korea invaded and almost conquered South Korea, but was driven back by the United Nations command, leading South Korean, American, European and international forces. North Korea was nearly captured, with the United Nations intending to roll back Communism there. However, China entered the war, pushed the UN forces out of North Korea, and a military stalemate resulted along the lines similar to the 38th parallel. An armistice was agreed on in 1953, which is still in effect, and the cease-fire line of that year remains the boundary between North and South.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea were established in 1965. In the early 2000s, the Japanese–South Korean relationship soured when the Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi visited the Yasukuni Shrine every year during his term. Furthermore, conflicts continue to exist over claims of the Liancourt Rocks (known in Korea as "Dokdo") – a group of small islets near the Korean island of Ulleungdo and the Japanese Oki Islands.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Bilaterally and through the Six-Party Talks, North Korea and Japan continue to discuss the case of Japanese citizens abducted by the North Korean government during the 1970s and 1980s, although there are no existent diplomatic relations between the two; Japan does not recognize North Korea as a sovereign state.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: In recent decades, disputes over history and history textbooks have soured relations between Japan and the two Koreas. The debate has exacerbated nationalist pride and animosity, as teachers and professors become soldiers in an intellectual war over events more than a half-century old or even two millennia older. Efforts to reach compromise agreements have failed. Meanwhile, a much less controversial, less politicized and more study-oriented historiography has flourished in Western nations. In 2013, polls reported that 94% of Koreans believe Japan "Feels no regret for its past wrongdoings," while 63% of Japanese state that Korean demands for Japanese apologies are "Incomprehensible".


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Relations between Korea and Japan go back at least two millennia. After the 3rd century BC, people from the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla) and Gaya in the Korean Peninsula, started to move southwards into the Kyushu region of Japan. Knowledge of mainland Asia was transmitted via Korea to Japan. According to the description of the Book of Wei, Yamatai-Koku kingdom in Japan and Four Commanderies of Han had diplomatic exchanges around the 3rd century. There are indications of cross-border political influence, but with varying accounts as to in which direction the political influence flowed. Buddhism was introduced to Japan from this Korean monarchy. By the time of the Three Kingdoms period of Korea, Baekje and Silla sent their princes to the Yamato court in exchange for military support to continue their already-begun military campaigns around 400. Historians believe that by the 4th and 5th centuries AD, Baekje and Gaya would regularly send economical, cultural, and technological aid to Japan in exchange for military and political aid, as the Yamato court desired technological progress and cultural advancement while Baekje and the Gaya states desired Japan's military aid in their wars against Silla and Goguryeo. Records of Baekje missions to Japan and Japanese missions to Baekje help reinforce this position, as many of Baekje's missions to Japan involved sending specialists (such as Monks and Scholars), Buddhist goods, various books and medicines while Japan regularly sent thousands of soldiers, hundreds of horses and scores of ships. Later on, Baekje began to lose its status as the most favored partner of Japan, in part due to its relative decline compared to Goguryeo and Silla as well as the subsequent unification of China by the Sui Dynasty.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Uija, the last king of Baekje (reigned 641–660), formed an alliance with Japan and made Prince Buyeo Pung and King Zenko stay there as their guests. In 660, Baekje fell when it was attacked by Silla, who was in alliance with Tang China. The fall of Baekje was met with an immediate response by the Yamato Court, which considered Baekje a close ally and related country due to their long history of alliance as well as their shared history of intermarriage between the ruling classes and monarchs of their respective nations. The loss of their key ally was so great that Empress Saimei said:


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: "We learn that in ancient times there have been cases of troops being asked for and assistance requested: to render help in emergencies, and to restore that which has been interrupted, is a manifestation of ordinary principles of right. The Land of Baekje, in its extremity, has come to us and placed itself in our hands. Our resolution in this matter is unshakable. We will give separate orders to our generals to advance at the same time by a hundred routes."


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Former generals of Baekje, including Gwisil Boksin, asked Japan to return Prince Buyeo Pung and requested military aid. Japan responded by deploying tens of thousands of troops onto the Korean Penninsula and some estimates claimed that as many as a thousand Japanese ships were dispatched to support Baekje. In 663, Japan, supporting Baekje, was defeated by the allied forces of Silla and Tang China in the Korean Peninsula (the Battle of Baekgang), and the restoration of Baekje ended up in failure. After the fall of Baekje, Japan took in many Baekje Korean refugees who were mainly craftspeople, architects, and scholars who played a major role in the social development of Japan during that period. While at the same time hostility between Japan and Silla escalated. Empress Jitō honored King Zenko by giving him the hereditary title of Kudara no Konikishi and allowed him to pass on his royal lineage to future generations. According to the , Takano no Niigasa came from a background of the naturalized clansmen and was a 10th-generation descendant of King Muryeong of Baekje. She was chosen as a wife for Emperor Kōnin and subsequently became the mother of Emperor Kanmu.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Japan has had official contact with the Chinese since the 7th to 8th centuries. Chinese culture was introduced to Japan via the Korean Peninsula, but the Korean value slumped when Chinese culture was introduced directly via Japanese missions to Tang China. Emperor Kanmu severed diplomatic relations with Silla in 799. From the early 9th–11th centuries, Japanese pirates plundered the southern region of Korean Peninsula and Korea-Japan relations deteriorated.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: During the middle Kamakura period, Japan suffered from the invasions of the Mongol Empire (Yuan dynasty), which was then dominant on the continent, and its partner kingdom, the Goryeo of Korea. The History of Yuan states that the Mongol invasions of Japan began with King Chungnyeol of Goryeo "persistently recommending an expedition to the east to Yuan's emperor in order to force Japan to become its vassal state." In order to invade Japan, the Mongols ordered the Korean king to manufacture 1,000 warships. The two Mongol – Korean fleets were destroyed by storms, giving rise to the myth of the Kamikaze, the divine winds that protected Japan.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: During the Muromachi and Sengoku periods in Japan, pirates sailing from Kyushu attacked ships along the coasts of Korea and China and were feared as Japanese pirates (called "wako" in Japanese).


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who had unified Japan, ordered "daimyōs" (feudal lords) all over the nation to the conquest of Ming Dynasty China by way of Korea, after the latter's refusal to allow Japanese forces to march through, while King Seonjo alerted its Chinese counterpart regarding the Japanese threat. Japan completed the occupation of the Korean peninsula in three months. The Korean king Seonjo first relocated to Pyongyang, then Uiju. In 1593, The Ming Chinese emperor intervened by sending his army and recaptured the Korean peninsula. However, the Japanese military were able to gather in Seoul and successfully counterattacked China. Although during the war Korean land forces lost most of their land battles (with only a handful of notable exceptions), the Korean Navy won almost all the naval battles with decisive defeats of the Japanese fleet by Admiral Yi Sun-sin, cutting off Japanese supply lines and helping to stall the invading forces on the Korean peninsula. Amid the stagnation of the battle between the Ming army and the Japanese army, Hideyoshi died in September 1598. The Council of Five Elders ordered the remaining Japanese forces in Korea to retreat.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: After the war, Japan then initiated a series of policies called Sakoku to isolate itself from world affairs. It forbade Japanese to go abroad in ships, and initiated the death penalty for Japanese people returning to Japan from abroad. This ended Japanese piracy definitively. During the Japanese invasion, much of Korea's cultural heritage was destroyed and looted by the invading Japanese armies. Among the atrocities of Japanese soldiers was the practice of cutting off noses and ears of slain enemy soldiers, which evolved into cutting off those of the living and the civilians in order to fulfill the "kill quota" assigned to the troops. Hence the origin of the Korean saying to misbehaving children, "Ear and nose cutting devils are coming!". After the wars, Korean missions were dispatched 11 times to the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan between 1607 and 1811.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: At the end of the 16th century, the Bunroku-Keicho War broke off the relationship between Korea and Japan. However, the Tokugawa shogunate started trading again with Korea by concluding the Treaty of Giyu with the Sō clan of Tsushima Island in 1609, establishing a relationship of near equality through mutual visits of Korean messengers. Tsushinshi were sent from Korea to pay homage to a new shogun or to celebrate the birth of an heir to a shogun. Korean envoys were used for showing the prestige of the Tokugawa shogunate and vice versa.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: From the late 18th to late 19th centuries, Western governments sought to intercede in and influence the political and economic fortunes of Asian countries through the use of new approaches described by such terms as "protectorate", "sphere of influence", and "concession", which minimized the need for direct military conflict between competing European powers. The newly modernized government of Meiji Japan sought to join these colonizing efforts and the Seikanron ("advocacy of a punitive expedition to Korea") began in 1873. This effort was allegedly fueled by Saigō Takamori and his supporters, who insisted that Japan confront Korea's refusal to recognize the legitimacy of Emperor Meiji, and as it involves the authority of the emperor, and military intervention "could not be postponed".


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: The debate concerned Korea, then in the sphere of influence of Qing China, which Samurai leaders sought to seize and make it a puppet state. Those in favor also saw the issue as an opportunity to find meaningful employment for the thousands of out-of-work samurai, who had lost their tradition local governmental roles in the new Meiji political order. Further, the acquisition of Korea would provide both a foothold on the Asian continent for Japanese expansion and a rich source of raw materials for Japanese industry. Ōkubo Toshimichi attacked in his "7 Point Document", dated October 1873. The Iwakura Mission, a Japanese diplomatic voyage to the United States and Europe, had led Japanese military officials to conclude their armed forces were far too weak to engage in any conflict with the Western powers. An invasion of Korea would expose Japan to a devastating war and must the action against Korea was premature. Furthermore, the Japanese financial system was too underdeveloped to support a major war, and its munitions industry was unprepared to handle European technology. Okubo's views were supported by the antiwar faction, which mostly consisted of men who had been on the Iwakura Mission. Iwakura Tomomi, the diplomat who had led the mission, persuaded the emperor to reconsider, thus putting an end to the "Korean crisis" debate.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: With the rapid weakening erosion of the authority of the Qing dynasty in 1840s–1850s, Korea resisted traditional subservience to China. Japan was rapidly modernizing in the second half of the 19th century but worried that China or Russia would use Korea to threaten Japan. With the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, Japan decided the expansion of their settlement, the addition of the market and acquired an enclave in Busan. A severe conflict at court between Heungseon Daewongun, the biological father of Gojong (king of the Joseon Dynasty), and Gojong's wife Empress Myeongseong continued. In 1882, Daewongun was seized by the Qing military, and confined in Tianjin City (Jingo Incident). The Min clan including Queen Min assumed authority, but relations between Korea and Japan did not turn better, the Min clan changing their policies from being pro-Japanese to pro-Qing China. When Japan beat China in 1895 in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded, and removed China's suzerainty over Korea. Japan became alarmed when Russia enhanced its grip and influence over the Korean peninsula by acquiring vital state assets such as the mining rights in Chongsong and Gyeongwon sold off by Queen Min, such as timber rights in the north, and tariff rights, so it purchased back and restored many of these. Japan's victory against China in the First Sino-Japanese War, released Korea from China's tributary system and the Treaty of Shimonoseki forced China to acknowledge Korea as an "independent" nation. Japan began the process of invading Korea; however, the Min clan, including the Queen Min, started attempts to protect Korea from the rise of Japanese power in Korea. In 1895, Queen Min was gang raped, assassinated and then burned in public by Japan's military, in retaliation for her efforts to promote Russian influence and resist the Japanese invasion. The brutal assassination of the queen was a traumatic event, given Queen Min's popularity among the Korean people. The Gabo Reform and the assassination of Empress Myeongseong generated backlash against Japanese presence in Korea; it caused some Confucian scholars, as well as farmers, to form over 60 successive righteous armies to fight for Korean freedom on the Korean peninsula.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: In 1897, Joseon was renamed the Korean Empire (1897–1910), affirming its independence, but greatly gravitated closer to Russia, with the King ruling from the Russian legation, and then using Russian guards upon return to his palace.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Japan declared war on Russia to drive out Russian influence, while Korea declared to be neutral. Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War, the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 was agreed in which Korea became a colony of Japan. Japanese officials increasingly controlled the national government but had little local presence, thereby allowing space for anti-Japanese activism by Korean nationalists. The new status failed because of a combination of diverse economic, historical, and emotional factors. Japan underestimated Korean nationalism and the hostility with which Koreans reacted against the modernizing programs which Japan was introducing.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Emperor Gojong, who did not accept the conclusion of this Treaty, dispatched secret envoys to the second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 in order to denounce the conclusion of the treaty as compulsive and invalid, but no nation supported the envoys. In July, 1907, Japan imposed the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 to gain full control of domestic affairs in Korea. It disbanded the army of the Korean Empire. Itō Hirobumi took full control of Korea as Resident-General of Korea. In 1909, Ito Hirobumi was assassinated by An Jung-geun. The assassination of Prince Ito by Korean nationalists brought the protectorate to an end and led to outright annexation. On August 22, 1910, Japan officially annexed the Korean Empire by imposing the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty. One result of the protectorate was to demonstrate to the world that Japan was the strongest single power in the Far East. There was no significant opposition by any of the major powers.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: During the colonial period, more than 100,000 Koreans served in the Imperial Japanese Army. The service of these Korean men was forced upon them. Approximately 200,000 Korean children (predominantly ages 12–17) were also sent forcefully as "comfort women" at the war frontlines to serve the Imperial Japanese Army as sex slaves. The issue regarding "comfort women" has been the source of diplomatic tensions between Japan and Korea since the 1980s.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Kim Il-sung led a Korean independence movement, which was active in the border areas of China and Russia, particularly in areas with considerable ethnic Korean populations. Kim founded North Korea, and his descendants have still not signed a peace treaty with Japan. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, led by (later) South Korea's first president Syngman Rhee, moved from Shanghai to Chongqing. Lee lobbied in the United States and was recognized by the South Korean administrator by Douglas MacArthur. Japanese control of Korea ended on September 9, 1945, when the Japanese Governor-General of Korea signed the surrender document of the United States in Seoul.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: At the end of World War II, Korea regained its independence after 35 years of imperialist Japanese rule. Per the Yalta Conference agreements, Soviet forces accepted surrender of Japanese forces in northern Korea above the 38th parallel, and U.S. forces south of that line. Korea was then divided into Soviet (North Korean) and U.S. (South Korean) spheres. South Korea refused diplomatic and trade relations with Japan, using tensions with Japan to rally support for the South Korean government. The early ROK (Republic of Korea; South Korea) government derived its legitimacy from its opposition to Japan and North Korea, portraying South Korea as under threat from the North and South. The diplomatic relationship between Japan and South Korea was established in 1965, when the Treaty on Basic Relations was signed; Japan subsequently recognized the Republic of Korea (the official name of South Korea) as the only legitimate government on the Korean Peninsula. As such, North Korea does not have official diplomatic ties with Japan.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Despite the ongoing historical tension between Japan-Korean that has impacted their relations they have since been able to interact with each other. In recent years, the two nations jointly hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup, and (South) Korean pop culture experienced major popularity in Japan, a phenomenon dubbed the in Japan. The Korean Wave has sparked a fad for Korean movies, dramas and popular music in Japan. In return, certain Japanese pop culture productions like anime, manga and video games gained significant popularity in South Korea.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Moreover, the PRC, ROK, and Japan have successfully entered the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) that was implemented on January 1, 2022. This agreement covers more than a quarter of the world’s population, has been able to knock down tariffs, and promoted interregional trade. This momentous agreement enabled a series of talks to initiate the China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (CJK FTA). Nevertheless, the implementation of the RCEP agreement that is indicative of the growing power of economic interdependence in global politics.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Other points of cooperation between the two states are written as follows: Both states work to counter the North Korean threat and their pursuit of trilateral relations with the United States. For example, in late September, South Korea, the US, and Japan staged joint anti-submarine drills in response to a series of North Korean missile tests. Furthermore, in late October, South Korea, Japan, and the U.S. engaged in a discussion relating to North Korea and agreed that if North Korea resumed nuclear testing, they would have to respond. Therefore, despite all existing historical animosity and disagreements between Japan and South Korea, the current regional security situation may push them into a deeper alliance after all.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Despite increased cultural exchange, political tensions remain. The stain of Japan’s colonial rule has not yet been washed away. This is evidenced by the outrage that erupted when former Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi visited the Yasukuni Shrine annually from 2001-2006. The Shrine is dedicated to deceased Japanese soldiers, some of which participated in war crimes and atrocities in Korea. Thus, when Japanese government leaders pay homage to the deceased at the Yasukuni Shrine, South Koreans see this to symbolize Japan’s lack of remorse for its colonization of Korea. So, as a result of Koizumi’s visits, the South Korean public protested heavily against a summit meeting scheduled between the eccentric Japanese diplomat and South Korean president Kim Dae-Jung. The South Korean government responded to the protests and canceled the summit.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Another source of tension is the differing views of the two countries regarding China. China has become a bigger security priority for Japan, mainly because of China’s rising assertiveness about its claims to the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, which are currently under Japanese rule. On the other hand, South Korea does not have territorial disputes with China and does not see it as a military threat. From a strategic point of view, South Korea is actually looking to improve relations with China because it is a powerful economic ally and one of the best sources of leverage South Korea could get over North Korea. Japan thinks that South Korea is prioritizing its relationship with China over its relationship with Japan, which frustrates Japan because it wants to enlist the help of East Asian democracies like South Korea in balancing China.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: In 2015, relations between the two nations reached a high point when South Korea and Japan addressed the issue of comfort women, or sex slaves used by the Japanese military during World War II. Fumio Kishida, the Japanese Foreign Minister, pledged that the Japanese government would donate 1 billion yen (US$8.3 million, 2015) to help pay for the care of the surviving former sex slaves. Furthermore, Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzō Abe, made public apologies to the "women who underwent immeasurable and painful experiences and suffered incurable physical and psychological wounds as comfort women". The agreement was firstly welcomed by the majority of the former comfort women (36 out of 47 existed former comfort women at that time) and the payment was received by them. However, Moon Jae-in utilized the criticism against the agreement for his presidential election supported by an activist group, the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan, which criticized the agreement and persuaded the women to deny the payment.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: Moon and the activists argued that the former South Korean president, Park Geun-hye, without any communication with the alive "comfort women", hailed this deal as a sign of positive progression in Japanese and South Korean relations. At the time of this high point most of Japan's cabinet members visited the Yasukuni shrine, causing confusion in Korea about Japan's sincerity.


title: History of Japan–Korea relations

text: In 2019 Japan imposed controls on the export of semiconductor materials, restricting export to South Korea and removing the country from its "preferred trading nations" list. Experts have said the controls may be retaliation after South Korean courts ruled that Japanese companies pay restitution for Korean forced laborers during World War II.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Edward Kobina Enninful (born 22 February 1972) is an English editor-in-chief of British "Vogue" and European editorial director of Condé Nast. He was appointed a fashion director of British fashion magazine "i-D" at the age of 18, a position he held for more than two decades. He subsequently held the positions of Contributing Fashion Editor at "Vogue Italia" and American "Vogue", as well as Creative Fashion Director at "W" magazine. Enninful was appointed editor-in-chief of British "Vogue" in 2017.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Edward Enninful was born in Ghana, and at a very young age, emigrated to Ladbroke Grove, London, along with his parents and five siblings. His mother worked as a seamstress, and inspired him with the vividly patterned colours and fabrics she used while creating clothing for her British-Ghanaian friends.


title: Edward Enninful

text: At the age of 16, Enninful was spotted on a train by stylist Simon Foxton. A few weeks later, he was shooting with Foxton at his house, along with Nick Knight, a founder-photographer of "i-D". By the age of 17, he had been introduced to Trish and Terry Jones, founder of "i-D" magazine, and soon began assisting "i-D" fashion director Beth Summers. He finished college, earning a degree at Goldsmiths, University of London while juggling with his modeling career and assisting on shoots with Foxton and Summers. Summers left the magazine a few weeks after Enninful's 18th birthday, and Terry Jones gave Enninful the position.


title: Edward Enninful

text: At the age of 18, Enninful's position as fashion director at "i-D" made him the youngest ever fashion director for an international publication. He quickly became known for his edgy elegance, which ultimately became his trademark. Much of his inspiration came from the streets: "We British have to customize our clothes, we have to be more creative, informing who you are—and I am still obsessed with the streets." The looks he featured in his stories helped fuel the grunge movement during the early 1990s.


title: Edward Enninful

text: For the March 2009 issue of "i-D Magazine", Enninful styled "The Best British" cover story by photographer Sølve Sundsbø. The issue printed 12 separate covers, each featuring one of twelve British supermodels, including Jourdan Dunn, Kate Moss, Susie Bick, Naomi Campbell, Stella Tennant, Eliza Cummings, Alice Dellal, Daisy Lowe, Twiggy, Yasmin Le Bon, Lily Donaldson, and Agyness Deyn.


title: Edward Enninful

text: In 1998, Enninful became a contributing editor to Italian "Vogue". According to Enninful, working with Vogue Italia editor-in-chief Franca Sozzani and photographer Steven Meisel propelled him to mature as a stylist. "I always say that I was a London stylist but when I worked with Steven, I became a proper stylist."


title: Edward Enninful

text: Among his achievements at Italian "Vogue", perhaps the most notable project Enninful spearheaded during his time at the publication was the production of its "Black Issue". The "Black Issue" featured only black models, including Naomi Campbell, Jourdan Dunn and Alek Wek to showcase and celebrate black models and black women in the worlds of art, politics and entertainment. He described his intention as ending the "white-out that dominates the catwalks and magazines". The issue was so successful that it sold out in the U.S. and U.K. within 72 hours, leading Condé Nast to print an additional 40,000 copies.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Enninful also styled the magazine's highly publicized June 2011 cover editorial, "Belle Vere", which exclusively featured plus sized models including Tara Lynn, Candice Huffine, and Robyn Lawley.


title: Edward Enninful

text: In 2006, Enninful became contributing fashion editor for American "Vogue". He can be seen in the documentary "The September Issue".


title: Edward Enninful

text: In 2011, Enninful was tapped to take the style directorship at "W", a high-end Condé Nast title that had struggled in the late 2000s.<br> Under Enninful's direction, "W" generated considerable attention for its riskier editorial, including the March 2012 cover shot by Steven Klein featuring Kate Moss depicted as a nun as well as another cover featuring singer Nicki Minaj dolled up as an 18th-century French courtesan. For the magazine's November 2011 art issue, Enninful collaborated with Steven Meisel on a series of fake advertisements that ran throughout the magazine, including one that featured a drag queen contestant from "RuPaul's Drag Race" named Carmen Carrera hawking a fictitious fragrance called La Femme.


title: Edward Enninful

text: While the magazine was suffering in 2010, amid a brutal recession and competition from "V" magazine and "Interview" magazine, "W" began showing signs of life after Enninful's takeover. The magazine's ad pages went up 16.7 percent by May 2012, with 453 pages compared to 388 pages for the same period the year before, according to Media Industry Newsletter—the biggest year-over-year gain among fashion titles. Editorial Director Stefano Tonchi told "The New York Times" that Enninful was a big part of that success.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Enninful was confirmed as the new editor-in-chief of British "Vogue" on 10 April 2017, making him the first black editor-in-chief of the magazine. Condé Nast International chairman and chief executive Jonathan Newhouse announced him as the successor to Alexandra Shulman, calling Enninful "an influential figure in the communities of fashion, Hollywood and music which shape the cultural zeitgeist", adding that "by virtue of his talent and experience, Edward is supremely prepared to assume the responsibility of British "Vogue"".


title: Edward Enninful

text: Since Enninful took the creative reins, he has aimed to reshape a century-old publication and transform it into a contemporary fashion platform that is more reflective of the current global audience. His efforts have led to a 51 percent increase in digital traffic since he took over in 2017 and led to signing 140 new advertisers. Furthermore, while other publications, including American "Vogue", reduced frequency during the 2020 pandemic, British "Vogue" remained financially stable and continued to produce 12 thick issues.


title: Edward Enninful

text: For his first issue, Enninful made a bold statement of what the "New Vogue" would be like by featuring British mixed-race model and feminist activist Adwoa Aboah as the cover star. Covers since have featured the likes of Beyoncé, Oprah Winfrey, Rihanna, Judi Dench (at 85, British "Vogue"s oldest cover star), Madonna and soccer player Marcus Rashford. The September 2019 edition, which was guest-edited by Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, featured on the cover 15 female changemakers, including Greta Thunberg and Jane Fonda. The issue was a quick sell-out and, according to estimates provided by Condé Nast Britain, the release of the September cover in the first 24 hours alone, generated more than double the entire PR value of Enninful's previous successful September issue, featuring pop star Rihanna.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Under Enninful, British "Vogue" has waded into political territory as well. In response to comments on immigrants in the United States by President Donald Trump, Enninful created the moving video project I Am An Immigrant, gathering huge names from the worlds of fashion, music, and film to show the vital creative input of people who are immigrants in the US.


title: Edward Enninful

text: For the September 2020 issue, Enninful commissioned Misan Harriman, the first Black male photographer to shoot a British Vogue cover in its 104-year history. Enninful then enlisted Kennedi Carter, who became the youngest photographer in British Vogue's history to shoot a cover story for the magazine.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Enninful champions diversity both on and off the pages of British "Vogue". Famously, his predecessor Alexandra Shulman, employed an all-white editorial team to support the publication. Since Enninful has taken the helm, the team is 25 percent people of color. To continue his efforts to bring more diversity to the team who help shape the content of the publication, Enninful has begun reaching out to local schools, cultivating the talent pool in digital media and trying, with his presence, to change the presumptions about who is welcome at Vogue House.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Along with his editorial work, Enninful has been instrumental in shaping the vision of numerous advertising campaigns and runway shows for some of the most influential international fashion houses. To date, he has consulted for Comme des Garçons, Christian Dior, Dolce and Gabbana, Celine, Lanvin, Mulberry, Giorgio Armani, Valentino, Jil Sander, Calvin Klein, Fendi, Alessandro Dell'Acqua, Gucci, Hugo Boss and Missoni, among others.


title: Edward Enninful

text: To celebrate the 25th anniversary of Enninful's career, he collaborated with Beats by Dre and Nick Knight (photographer) to create a limited-edition line of headphones with an accompanying video entitled "The Seven Deadly Sins of Edward Enninful". The film featured 8 supermodels – Kate Moss (lust), Naomi Campbell (pride), Karlie Kloss (greed), Lara Stone and Anna Ewers (gluttony), Maria Carla Boscono (sloth), Karen Elson (wrath) and Jourdan Dunn (envy) and screened on the Beats by Dre billboard in Times Square in 2016.


title: Edward Enninful

text: In 2017, Enninful made his directorial debut in a collaboration with the American brand GAP to celebrate diversity and promote optimism. Enninful enlisted a diverse cast spanning many industries, including Wiz Khalifa, Priyanka Chopra, Adwoa Aboah, Maria Borges, Christie Brinkley, Miles Chamley-Watson, Jonathan Groff and Alek Wek, and featured the stars singing along to "Sunny" by Boney M. According to GAP the goal of the video, titled "Bridging the Gap", was "to show unity and individuality existing in tandem".


title: Edward Enninful

text: On 22 February 2022, Enninful married his long-term partner Alec Maxwell on his 50th birthday at Longleat House in Wiltshire.


title: Edward Enninful

text: Enninful's memoir "A Visible Man" was published in September 2022. It was "Book of the Week" on BBC Radio 4, read by the author.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Samuel Michael Fuller (August 12, 1912 – October 30, 1997) was an American film director, screenwriter, novelist, journalist, and World War II veteran known for directing low-budget genre movies with controversial themes, often made outside the conventional studio system. Fuller wrote his first screenplay for "Hats Off" in 1936, and made his directorial debut with the Western "I Shot Jesse James" (1949). He would continue to direct several other Westerns and war thrillers throughout the 1950s.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller shifted from Westerns and war movies in the 1960s with his low-budget thriller "Shock Corridor" in 1963, followed by the neo-noir "The Naked Kiss" (1964). He was inactive in filmmaking for most of the 1970s, before writing and directing the semi-autobiographical war epic "The Big Red One" (1980), and the drama "White Dog" (1982), whose screenplay he co-wrote with Curtis Hanson. Several of his films would prove influential to French New Wave filmmakers, notably Jean-Luc Godard, who gave him a cameo appearance in "Pierrot le Fou" (1965).


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Samuel Michael Fuller was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, of Jewish parents, Rebecca ( Baum) and Benjamin Fuller. His father died in 1923 when Samuel was 11. After immigrating to the United States, the family's surname was changed from Rabinovitch to Fuller, a name possibly inspired by Samuel Fuller, a doctor who arrived in America on the "Mayflower". In his autobiography, "A Third Face" (2002), he says that he did not speak until he was five. His first word was "Hammer!"


title: Samuel Fuller

text: After his father's death, the family moved to New York City, where at the age of 12, he began working as a newspaper copyboy. He became a crime reporter in New York City at age 17, working for the "New York Evening Graphic." He broke the story of Jeanne Eagels' death. He wrote pulp novels, including "The Dark Page" (1944; reissued in 2007 with an introduction by Wim Wenders), which was later adapted into the 1952 movie "Scandal Sheet".


title: Samuel Fuller

text: During World War II, Fuller joined the United States Army. He was assigned as an infantryman to the 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, and saw heavy fighting. He was involved in landings in Africa, Sicily, and Normandy, and also saw action in Belgium and Czechoslovakia. In 1945, he was present at the liberation of a German concentration camp in Falkenau and shot 16-mm footage, known as "V-E +1", that was later integrated into the French documentary "Falkenau: The Impossible" (1988). In 2014, the footage was selected for the United States National Film Registry. For his military service, Fuller was awarded the Silver Star, Bronze Star, Purple Heart, and Combat Infantryman Badge. He reached the rank of corporal. Fuller used his wartime experiences as material in his films, especially in "The Big Red One" (1980), the nickname for the 1st Infantry Division. After the war, Fuller co-authored a regimental history of the 16th Infantry.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: "Hats Off" (1936) marked Fuller's first credit as a screenwriter. He wrote many screenplays throughout his career, such as "Gangs of the Waterfront" in 1945. He was unimpressed with Douglas Sirk's direction of his "Shockproof" screenplay, and made the jump to writer/director after being asked to write three films by independent producer Robert Lippert. Fuller agreed to write them if he would be allowed to direct them, as well, with no extra fee. Lippert agreed. Fuller's first film under this arrangement was "I Shot Jesse James" (1949), followed by "The Baron of Arizona" with Vincent Price.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller's third film, "The Steel Helmet", established him as a major force. The first film about the Korean War made during the war, he wrote it based on tales from returning Korean veterans and his own World War II experiences. The film was attacked by reporter Victor Riesel for being, as Riesel saw it, "pro-Communist" and "anti-American." Critic Westford Pedravy alleged Fuller was secretly financed by "the Reds." Fuller had a major argument with the U.S. Army, which provided stock footage for the film. When army officials objected to Fuller's American characters executing a prisoner of war, Fuller replied he had seen it done during his own military service. A compromise was reached when the lieutenant threatens the sergeant with a court martial. The film marked the first collaboration between Fuller and actor Gene Evans. The studio wanted a more prominent star such as John Wayne, but Fuller was adamant that Evans remain because he was impressed by his fellow veteran's authentic portrayal of a soldier.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: After the success of "The Steel Helmet", Fuller was sought out by the major studios. All gave him advice on tax shelters, except for Darryl F. Zanuck of 20th Century-Fox, who replied, "We make better movies," the answer Fuller was seeking. Zanuck signed Fuller for a contract for seven films, the first being another Korean War film, "Fixed Bayonets!", to head off other studio competition copying "The Steel Helmet". The U.S. Army assigned Medal of Honor recipient Raymond Harvey as Fuller's technical advisor; the two struck up a long friendship during filming, and Harvey later returned to advise him on "Verboten!".


title: Samuel Fuller

text: The proposed seventh film, "Tigrero", based on a book by Sasha Siemel, is the subject of a 1994 documentary by Mika Kaurismäki. "Tigrero: A Film That Was Never Made" featured Fuller and Jim Jarmusch visiting the proposed Amazon locations of the film. Film Fuller shot on location at the time was featured in his "Shock Corridor".


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller's favorite film was "Park Row", a story of American journalism. Zanuck had wanted to adapt it into a musical, but Fuller refused. Instead, he started his own production company, with his profits to make the film on his own. "Park Row" was a labor of love, and served as a tribute to the journalists he knew as a newsboy. His flourishes of style on a very low budget led critics such as Bill Krohn to compare the film to "Citizen Kane".


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller followed this with "Pickup on South Street" (1953), a film noir starring Richard Widmark, which became one of his best-known films. Other films Fuller directed in the 1950s include "House of Bamboo", "Forty Guns", and "China Gate", which led to protests from the French government and a friendship with writer Romain Gary. After leaving Fox, Fuller started his Globe Productions that made "Run of the Arrow", "Verboten!", and "The Crimson Kimono", and produced, wrote, and directed a television pilot about World War II soldiers to be titled "Dogface", which was not picked up.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: In 1961, Warner Bros. offered to finance "The Big Red One" in return for his making "Merrill's Marauders". When Fuller had problems with Warner Bros.' editing of his film, the "Big Red One" fell through.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller's films throughout the 1950s and early 1960s generally were lower-budget genre movies exploring controversial subjects. "Shock Corridor" (1963) is set in a psychiatric hospital, while "The Naked Kiss" (1964) featured a prostitute attempting to change her life by working in a pediatric ward. Both films were released by Allied Artists.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Between 1967 and 1980, Fuller directed only one film, the Mexican-produced "Shark!" (1969). Fuller unsuccessfully asked the Directors Guild to remove his name from the credits of "Shark". He returned in 1980 with the epic "The Big Red One", the semiautobiographical story of a platoon of soldiers and their harrowing experiences during World War II. The film won critical praise, but failed at the box office.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: In 1981, he was selected to direct the film "White Dog", based on a novel by Romain Gary. The controversial film depicts the struggle of a black dog trainer trying to de-program a "white dog," a stray that was programmed to viciously attack any black person. He readily agreed to work on the film, having focused much of his career on racial issues. Already familiar with the novel and with the concept of "white dogs," he was tasked with "reconceptualizing" the film to have the conflict depicted in the book occur within the dog rather than the people. He used the film as a platform to deliver an anti-racist message through the film's examination of the question of whether racism is a treatable problem or an incurable disease.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: During filming, Paramount Pictures grew increasingly concerned the film would offend African-American viewers, and brought in two consultants to review the work and offer their approval on the way Black characters were depicted. One felt the film had no racist connotations, while the other, Willis Edwards, vice president of the Hollywood NAACP chapter, felt the film was inflammatory and should never have been made. The two men provided a write-up of their views for the studio executives, which were passed to producer Jon Davison along with warnings that the studio was afraid the film would be boycotted. Fuller was not told of these discussions, nor given the notes until two weeks before filming was slated to conclude. Known for being a staunch integrationist and for his regularly giving Black actors nonstereotypical roles, Fuller was furious, finding the studio's actions insulting. He reportedly had both representatives banned from the set afterwards, though he did integrate some of the suggested changes into the film. After the film's completion, Paramount refused to release it, declaring it did not have enough earnings potential to go against the threatened NAACP boycotts and possible bad publicity.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: After "White Dog" was shelved by Paramount Pictures, Fuller moved to France in 1982, and never directed another American film. He directed two theatrical French films, "Les Voleurs de la nuit" in 1984 and "Street of No Return" in 1989. "Les Voleurs de la nuit" was entered into the 34th Berlin International Film Festival. He directed his last film, "The Madonna and the Dragon", in 1990, and he wrote his last screenplay, "Girls in Prison", in 1994.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: With his wife, Christa Lang, and Jerry Rudes, Fuller wrote an autobiography "A Third Face" (published in 2002). This was the culmination of a long career as an author. Among his books are the novels "Test Tube Baby" (1936), "Make Up and Kiss" (1938) and "The Dark Page" (1944); novelizations of his films "The Naked Kiss" (1964) and "The Big Red One" (1980; reissued 2005); and "144 Piccadilly" (1971), and "Quint's World" (1988). A book-length interview of Fuller by Jean Narboni and Noel Simsolo, "Il etait une fois ... Samuel Fuller" (with a preface by Martin Scorsese) appeared in 1986.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller made a cameo appearance in Jean-Luc Godard's "Pierrot le Fou" (1965), where he famously intones: "Film is like a battleground ... Love, hate, action, violence, death. In one word, emotion!" He also made a cameo appearance at an outdoor cafe in Luc Moullet's "Brigitte et Brigitte" (1966) along with French New Wave directors Claude Chabrol, Eric Rohmer, and André Téchiné. He plays a film director in Dennis Hopper's ill-fated "The Last Movie" (1971); an Army colonel in Steven Spielberg's "1941" (1979); a war correspondent in his film "The Big Red One" (scene deleted in the original release, restored in the reconstructed version), a talent agent in his film "White Dog" (1981), and a cameraman in Wim Wenders' "The State of Things" (1982). He portrays an American gangster in two films set in Germany: "The American Friend" by Wenders and "Helsinki Napoli All Night Long" by Mika Kaurismäki. He also appeared in Larry Cohen's "A Return to Salem's Lot" (1987), and played a businessman in "La Vie de Bohème" (1992) by Aki Kaurismäki. His last work in film was as an actor in "The End of Violence" (1997). A photo of Fuller also appears on one of the mirrors of a stripper in his "Shock Corridor".


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller's work has been described as primitive by Luc Moullet and by the influential American critics Manny Farber and Andrew Sarris. Grant Tracey has used the term "narrative tabloid" to refer to Fuller's style of filmmaking. This was the result of his often lower budgets, but also reflected Fuller's pulp-inspired writing.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller was known for using intense close-ups, off-centered framings, and shock editing in many of his films, which were often about men facing death in combat. These scenes were both violent and tragic.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Fuller often featured marginalized characters in his films. The protagonist of "Pickup on South Street" is a pickpocket who keeps his beer in the East River instead of a refrigerator. "Shock Corridor" concerns the patients of a mental hospital. "Underworld U.S.A." (1961) focuses on an orphaned victim of mobsters. The lead female characters of "Pickup on South Street", "China Gate", and "The Naked Kiss" are prostitutes. These characters sometimes find retribution for the injustices against them. "White Dog" and "The Crimson Kimono" (1959) have definite antiracist elements. "The Steel Helmet", set during the Korean War, contains dialogue about the internment of Japanese-Americans and the segregation of the American military in World War II, and features a racially mixed cast.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: A number of Fuller's films, including "The Naked Kiss", "The Baron of Arizona", "Shockproof", "House of Bamboo", "Forty Guns", and "The Big Red One", feature a leading character with the same name, Griff.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: In the early 1990s, Samuel Fuller, along with his wife, Christa, and their daughter Samantha, settled into a small apartment at 61 rue de Reuilly in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, but after he suffered a stroke in 1994, they returned to the States the following year. They resided in Los Angeles, where Fuller lived until he died at home of natural causes. In November 1997, the Directors Guild held a three-hour memorial in his honor, hosted by Curtis Hanson, his longtime friend and co-writer on "White Dog." He was survived by his wife and daughter.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: Although Fuller's films were not considered great cinema in their times, they gained critical respect in the late 1960s. Fuller welcomed the new-found esteem, appearing in films of other directors and associating himself with younger filmmakers.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: The French New Wave claimed Fuller as a major stylistic influence, especially Luc Moullet. His visual style and rhythm were seen as distinctly American, and praised for their energetic simplicity. Martin Scorsese praised Fuller's ability to capture action through camera movement. In the 1996 Adam Simon-directed documentary "The Typewriter, the Rifle & the Movie Camera", Quentin Tarantino and Jim Jarmusch credited Fuller as influential upon their works. Most recently, his wife Christa Lang produced a documentary directed by their daughter Samantha about him. "A Fuller Life" uses footage he captured himself with celebrities such as James Franco reading from his autobiography.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: In the mid-1980s, Fuller was the first international director guest at the Midnight Sun Film Festival. The festival's hometown, Sodankylä, Finland, named a street "Samuel Fullerin katu," Samuel Fuller's street.


title: Samuel Fuller

text: The moving image collection of Samuel Fuller is housed at the Academy Film Archive. The archive has preserved several of Samuel Fuller's films, including "The Crimson Kimono", "Underworld U.S.A.", and "Pickup on South Street". Additionally, the archive has preserved several of Fuller's home movies, including those shot during his war service.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: José Ramiro Funes Mori (; born 5 March 1991) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Liga MX club Cruz Azul. He plays primarily as a centre-back but can also operate as a left-back and defensive midfielder.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: Funes Mori was born in Mendoza. He emigrated with his family from Argentina to the United States in 2001. His father, Miguel, played professional football in Argentina with clubs such as Independiente Rivadavia and Club Atlético Argentino in the 1980s. In 2008, Funes Mori joined the FC Dallas youth team after his twin brother won the Sueño MLS talent competition, but spent less than a year playing for the side before moving back to Argentina.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: Funes Mori joined River Plate as a youth player, progressing to the senior team in 2011. He is considered a legend of the club because he won 6 professional titles (four of them international) including the 2015 Copa Libertadores. He made his debut for the Argentina national team whilst playing for River Plate. Funes Mori is remembered not only for his performances and titles, but also for scoring very important goals such as the third goal in the Copa Libertadores final and an iconic goal against Boca Juniors. He made a total of 108 appearances for River Plate across five seasons, scoring ten goals.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: On 1 September 2015, Funes Mori joined Premier League club Everton for a fee of £9.5 million. He made his debut 11 days later, coming on as a substitute, in a 3–1 home win against Chelsea. He scored his first goal for Everton in a 3–3 draw with Bournemouth in November 2015. In his first season with the club, he received significant playing time at centre back due to injuries and lack of form for the expected starting pair of Phil Jagielka and John Stones. In April 2016, Funes Mori was sent off for a tackle on Divock Origi in a 4–0 loss to Liverpool, leading to a three-match suspension. He scored five goals across all competitions in his first season with the club.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: Funes Mori was out for the remainder of the 2016–17 season after suffering a torn meniscus while on international duty with Argentina in March 2017. In the summer of 2017, Funes Mori had undergone a second operation on his knee injury in Barcelona and was looking at between six and nine months on the sidelines.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: Funes Mori made his international debut for Argentina in an international friendly against El Salvador in March 2015.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: He was selected for his national squad at the Copa América Centenario and was part of the Argentine side that reached the final. The defender played in the final where Chile won 4–2 on penalties after the match finished in a goalless draw. He was not selected as one of the first four penalty takers. Funes Mori scored his first international goal on 6 October 2016 in a 2–2 draw against Peru in a match which he also conceded a late penalty.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: In May 2018, he was named in Argentina's preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia, but did not make the final 23.


title: Ramiro Funes Mori

text: Funes Mori is married to Rocío, the sister of former FC Dallas midfielder Mauro Díaz. His twin brother, Rogelio, is also a footballer and plays for Liga MX club Monterrey and the Mexico national team as a striker.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: A ventricle is one of two large chambers toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: Ventricles have thicker walls than atria and generate higher blood pressures. The physiological load on the ventricles requiring pumping of blood throughout the body and lungs is much greater than the pressure generated by the atria to fill the ventricles. Further, the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right because it needs to pump blood to most of the body while the right ventricle fills only the lungs.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: On the inner walls of the ventricles are irregular muscular columns called trabeculae carneae which cover all of the inner ventricular surfaces except that of the conus arteriosus, in the right ventricle. There are three types of these muscles. The third type, the papillary muscles, give origin at their apices to the chordae tendinae which attach to the cusps of the tricuspid valve and to the mitral valve.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The mass of the left ventricle, as estimated by magnetic resonance imaging, averages 143 g ± 38.4 g, with a range of 87–224 g.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The right ventricle is equal in size to the left ventricle and contains roughly 85 millilitres (3 imp fl oz; 3 US fl oz) in the adult. Its upper front surface is circled and convex, and forms much of the sternocostal surface of the heart. Its under surface is flattened, forming part of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart that rests upon the diaphragm.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: Its posterior wall is formed by the ventricular septum, which bulges into the right ventricle, so that a transverse section of the cavity presents a semilunar outline. Its upper and left angle forms a conical pouch, the conus arteriosus, from which the pulmonary artery arises. A tendinous band, called the tendon of the conus arteriosus, extends upward from the right atrioventricular fibrous ring and connects the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus to the aorta.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The left ventricle is longer and more conical in shape than the right, and on transverse section its concavity presents an oval or nearly circular outline. It forms a small part of the sternocostal surface and a considerable part of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart; it also forms the apex of the heart. The left ventricle is thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle because it pumps blood at a higher pressure.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The right ventricle is triangular in shape and extends from the tricuspid valve in the right atrium to near the apex of the heart. Its wall is thickest at the apex and thins towards its base at the atrium. When viewed via cross section however, the right ventricle seems to be crescent shaped. The right ventricle is made of two components: the sinus and the conus. The Sinus is the inflow which flows away from the tricuspid valve. Three bands made from muscle, separate the right ventricle: the parietal, the septal, and the moderator band. The moderator band connects from the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the ventricular septum.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: By early maturity, the walls of the left ventricle have thickened from three to six times greater than that of the right ventricle. This reflects the typical five times greater pressure workload this chamber performs while accepting blood returning from the pulmonary veins at ~80mmHg pressure (equivalent to around 11 kPa) and pushing it forward to the typical ~120mmHg pressure (around 16.3 kPa) in the aorta during each heartbeat. (The pressures stated are resting values and stated as relative to surrounding atmospheric which is the typical "0" reference pressure used in medicine.)


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: During systole, the ventricles contract, pumping blood through the body. During diastole, the ventricles relax and fill with blood again.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve and pumps it through the aorta via the aortic valve, into the systemic circulation. The left ventricular muscle must relax and contract quickly and be able to increase or lower its pumping capacity under the control of the nervous system. In the diastolic phase, it has to relax very quickly after each contraction so as to quickly fill with the oxygenated blood flowing from the pulmonary veins. Likewise in the systolic phase, the left ventricle must contract rapidly and forcibly to pump this blood into the aorta, overcoming the much higher aortic pressure. The extra pressure exerted is also needed to stretch the aorta and other arteries to accommodate the increase in blood volume.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary circulation.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The typical healthy adult heart pumping volume is ~5 liters/min, resting. Maximum capacity pumping volume extends from ~25 liters/min for non-athletes to as high as ~45 liters/min for Olympic level athletes.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: In cardiology, the performance of the ventricles are measured with several volumetric parameters, including end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (E).


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: During most of the cardiac cycle, ventricular pressure is less than the pressure in the aorta, but during systole, the ventricular pressure rapidly increases, and the two pressures become equal to each other (represented by the junction of the blue and red lines on the diagram on this page), the aortic valve opens, and blood is pumped to the body.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: Elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure has been described as a risk factor in cardiac surgery.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: An elevated pressure difference between the aortic pressure and the left ventricular pressure may be indicative of aortic stenosis.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: Right ventricular pressure demonstrates a different pressure-volume loop than left ventricular pressure.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The heart and its performance are also commonly measured in terms of "dimensions", which in this case means one-dimensional distances, usually measured in millimeters. This is not as informative as volumes but may be much easier to estimate with (e.g., M-Mode echocardiography or with sonomicrometry, which is mostly used for animal model research). Optimally, it is specified with which plane the distance is measured in, e.g. the dimension of the longitudinal plane.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: Fractional shortening (FS) is the fraction of any diastolic dimension that is lost in systole. When referring to endocardial luminal distances, it is EDD minus ESD divided by EDD (times 100 when measured in percentage). Normal values may differ somewhat dependent on which anatomical plane is used to measure the distances. Normal range is 25–45%, Mild is 20–25%, Moderate is 15–20%, and Severe is <15%. Cardiology Diagnostic Tests Midwall fractional shortening may also be used to measure diastolic/systolic changes for inter-ventricular septal dimensions and posterior wall dimensions. However, both endocardial and midwall fractional shortening are dependent on myocardial wall thickness, and thereby dependent on long-axis function.<ref name="doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00153.2009">


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: </ref> By comparison, a measure of short-axis function termed epicardial volume change (EVC) is independent of myocardial wall thickness and represents isolated short-axis function.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: An arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat that can occur in the ventricles or atria. Normally the heartbeat is initiated in the SA node of the atrium but initiation can also occur in the Purkinje fibres of the ventricles, giving rise to premature ventricular contractions, also called ventricular extra beats. When these beats become grouped the condition is known as ventricular tachycardia.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: Another form of arrhythmia is that of the ventricular escape beat. This can happen as a compensatory mechanism when there is a problem in the conduction system from the SA node.


title: Ventricle (heart)

text: The most severe form of arrhythmia is ventricular fibrillation which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest and subsequent sudden death.


title: Kishkindha

text: Kishkindha (, ) is a kingdom of the vanaras in Hinduism. It is ruled by King Sugriva, the younger brother of Vali, in the Sanskrit epic "Ramayana". According to the Hindu epic, this was the kingdom that Sugriva ruled with the assistance of his counsellor, Hanuman.


title: Kishkindha

text: During the Treta Yuga, the whole region was within the dense Dandaka Forest which was founded by King Danda, son of Ikshvaku, and descendant of Vaivasvata Manu in the Satya Yuga, which extended from the Vindhya range to the South Indian peninsula. Thus, this kingdom was considered that of the vanaras. During the Dvapara Yuga, the Pandava Sahadeva is stated to have visited this kingdom in the epic "Mahabharata" during his southern military campaign to collect tribute for Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice.


title: Kishkindha

text: The Ramayana has a book that is based in Kishkindha, known as the Kishkinda Kanda. In this text, a banished Sugriva sends his trusted counsellor, Hanuman, to meet the mysterious Rama and Lakshmana. Satisfied with their noble demeanour, he brings them to Sugriva. The two parties exchange their tales, after which Rama forges an alliance with the former vanara monarch:


title: Kishkindha

text: Sugriva, in turn, shows the cloak and jewels of Sita that had descended from the sky upon his kingdom during her abduction by Ravana. After Sugriva regales the tales of his brother's exploits, he goes to challenge his brother for a duel, having sought Rama's assistance in the fight. When Rama does not loose his arrow, Sugriva flees towards the Rishyamuka hill, where his brother dared not venture. Rama explains that he did not intercede since he could not distinguish between the two, upon which a wreath of flowers was placed around the vanara's neck. The entourage then visit the hermitage of Saptajanas:


title: Kishkindha

text: Ignoring his wife Tara's pleas to make peace with Rama, Bali sets out to duel his brother once more, and is slain by Rama's arrow to his breast. Vali and Rama engage in a conversation about the morality of Rama's actions, to which Rama retorts that the vanara had conducted himself in a heinous manner by forcefully bedding Ruma, Sugriva's wife. Even as Tara laments, Sugriva is installed as king once more. However, four months later, he fails to honour his pledge to support Rama's rescue, lost in his blissful dalliance with Tara. A furious Lakshmana, first mollified by Tara, reproaches Sugriva for his conduct, after which he reconciles with him. Sugriva assembles his vanara forces and commands them to venture into the following regions:


title: Susan May Pratt

text: Susan May Pratt (born February 8, 1974) is an American actress. She played Mandella in "10 Things I Hate About You", Alicia in "Drive Me Crazy", and Maureen Cummings in "Center Stage".


title: Susan May Pratt

text: , Pratt was finishing her bachelor's degree in Business, while working on prerequisites for a master's program in occupational therapy at the University of Southern California.


title: Susan May Pratt

text: She married actor Kenneth Mitchell in May 2006, with whom she has two children, a daughter, Lilah Ruby Mitchell, and son, Kallum Porter Mitchell.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: Wolverine World Wide, Inc. or Wolverine Worldwide, is a publicly traded American footwear manufacturer based in Rockford, Michigan. The shoemaker is known for its eponymous brand, Wolverine Boots and Shoes, as well as other brands, such as Hush Puppies and Merrell. The company also manufactures licensed footwear for other firms, such as Caterpillar and Harley-Davidson. In 2012, Wolverine World Wide added Saucony, Keds, Stride Rite and Sperry Top-Sider to its list of brands, after acquiring the Performance Lifestyle Group of Collective Brands in a $1.23 billion transaction that also involved the sale of Payless ShoeSource and Collective Licensing International to private equity firms Blum Capital Partners and Golden Gate Capital.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: Fredrick Hirth and G. A. Krause founded the company in 1883. Hirth and Krause bought a small leather shop in Grand Rapids, Michigan, starting with a capital investment of $2,900. In 1901, they built a plant in Rockford Michigan, just north of Grand Rapids. They purchased and expanded the Rogue River Electric Light and Power Company to power their new plant and the city of Rockford. In 1903, operations began and in 1908, a tannery followed. The company thus processed its own raw materials and manufactured its own shoes sold through the Hirth-Krause Company. In 1921 the company changed its name to Wolverine Shoe and Tanning Corporation. During the period 1916-1923 its earnings increased 700%.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: In 1941, during World War II, the Wolverine Shoe and Tanning Company began to work for the U.S. Navy, developing pigskin gloves and inventing what later became known as pigskin suede.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: In 1964, the company changed its name to Wolverine World Wide, Inc. and in 1965 became a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Hush Puppies, a casual footwear brand founded by the company in 1958, quickly rose to popularity in the 1960s.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: In 1994, Wolverine World Wide introduced Cat Footwear, a licensed brand of shoes using the Caterpillar Inc. name.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: In 1995, the Council of Fashion Designers of America voted Hush Puppies as Fashion Accessory of the Year.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: In 1998, Wolverine World Wide acquired the global license for footwear from the Harley-Davidson Motor Company.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: Wolverine World Wide acquisitions in the 2000s included the 2003 purchase of Sebago and 2009 purchases of Chaco and the UK-based brand Cushe. The company discontinued the Cushe brand in 2015 and sold Sebago to Italian publicly-traded company BasicNet in 2017.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: In 2006, Wolverine World Wide entered into a global footwear licensing deal with Patagonia. The company stopped production of Patagonia footwear in 2014.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: Wolverine World Wide nearly doubled in size after its 2012 acquisition of the Performance Lifestyle Group of Collective Brands, which added Saucony, Keds, Stride Rite and Sperry Top-Sider brands to its portfolio. In 2017 the company sold its United States Department of Defense footwear business along with a factory in Big Rapids, Michigan to Tennessee-based footwear manufacturer Original Footwear. In the same year Wolverine World Wide converted Stride Rite to a licensed brand operated by New York City-based Vida Shoes International.


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: The company is based out of corporate offices in Rockford, Michigan and Waltham, Massachusetts. Wolverine World Wide also operates three distribution centers in the U.S., one in Canada and one in the Netherlands. As of December 29, 2018, Wolverine World Wide operated 80 retail stores in the U.S. and Canada and 42 consumer-direct eCommerce sites. According to the company's 2018 annual report, "substantially all of the units sourced by the Company are procured from numerous third-party manufacturers in the Asia Pacific region. The Company maintains offices in the Asia Pacific region to develop and facilitate sourcing strategies."


title: Wolverine World Wide

text: Wolverine World Wide operated various PFAS dumpsites throughout Belmont and Rockford that contaminated the drinking water of residents. These sites contaminated the water for hundreds of residents. The chemicals involved have been linked to various negative health effects, including several cancers. In February 2020 Wolverine settled Grand Rapids federal court action by agreeing to pay $69.5 million to provide town-supplied drinking water to affected residents.


title: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun

text: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun is a sketch comedy television show on Netflix, created by and starring members of the Australian comedy group Aunty Donna. It premiered on 11 November 2020. The series' music was composed almost entirely by Tom Armstrong, a member of the sketch troupe. The show's absurdist approach has been compared to the likes of Monty Python and Tim and Eric.


title: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun

text: The three performing members portray themselves on the show, but as fictionalized caricatures, as well as several characters drawn from other Aunty Donna shows and podcasts.


title: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun

text: "Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun", which is based on the acting of the members of Aunty Donna, a sketch comedy troupe, was announced in July 2020.


title: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun

text: Filming took place in the United States, as well as Melbourne, Australia. In addition to Mark Samual Bonanno, Broden Kelly and Zachary Ruane starring in the series as caricatures as themselves, notable actors and comedians, including Ed Helms (who also serves as an executive producer), "Weird Al" Yankovic and Kia Stevens, appear in cameos. Tawny Newsome portrays the "Queen of England", and Kristen Schaal voices the troupe's dishwasher.


title: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun

text: The entirety of the first season, which consists of six episodes, was released on 11 November 2020, on Netflix.


title: Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun

text: The first season was critically acclaimed, receiving a rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes. On Metacritic, it has a score of 85 out of 100, based on reviews from 4 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Junkee noted that "it seems the entire world has learned that the Aunty Donna boys are hilarious, a fact many Aussies have known for a long time after their new series dropped on Netflix last week." The media website also praised the many cameos made by Ed Helms, "Weird Al" Yankovic, and Randy Feltface. "The Guardian" commented on how many of Aunty Donna's previous Australian YouTube and Reddit followers enjoyed the show, and "Decider" said that the members of the comedy troupe were "the illegitimate grandchildren of Monty Python and sons of Tom Green." TV Tonight gave the first season four out of five stars.


title: Maya Brady

text: Maya Ann Brady-Timmons is an American college softball player for the UCLA Bruins. As a freshman in 2020, she was named Softball America Freshman of the Year.


title: Maya Brady

text: Brady attended Oaks Christian School in Westlake Village, California where she was a middle infielder and led the team to three Marmonte League titles and was a two-time league MVP. During her senior year, she had a .558 batting average with 12 home runs and 32 runs batted in (RBI). Following an outstanding season, she was named Marmonte League Most Valuable Player and All-CIF Southern section, as well as the Ventura County Star 2019 All-County Softball Player of the Year and Los Angeles Daily News Player of the Year. She was ranked the No. 2 recruit in the nation by FloSoftball and Softball America.


title: Maya Brady

text: Brady made her collegiate debut for UCLA Bruins in 2020. During the opening week of the season at the Stacy Winsberg Memorial Tournament, Brady was 9-for-18, with four home runs, nine RBI, and nine runs scored. She was subsequently named Pac-12 Freshman and Player of the Week for the week ending February 11, 2020. During her Freshman year she finished with a .356 batting average, .699 slugging percentage and led the team with seven home runs and tying for first with 28 RBI, tied for second with seven multiple-RBI games and tied for third with seven multi-hit games, and ranked third with 22 runs scored and 11 walks. Following the season that was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, she was named Softball America Freshman of the Year.


title: Maya Brady

text: During her redshirt Freshman year in 2021, she had a .333 batting average, six stolen bases, and nine multiple-RBI games. She tied for second with 13 home runs, third with 36 runs batted in, 31 runs scored and 19 walks. Following an outstanding season, she was named to the first team All-Pac-12, Pac-12 All-Freshman team and NFCA first team All-American.


title: Maya Brady

text: Brady was born to Maureen Brady and Brian Timmons. Her mother was an All-American pitcher at Fresno State. She is the niece of American football player Tom Brady and former Major League Baseball player Kevin Youkilis.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: (; born on May 21, 1985) is a Burmese-American mixed martial artist of ethnic Kachin descent currently signed to ONE Championship, competing in both the Middleweight and Light heavyweight divisions. He is a former ONE Middleweight World Champion and ONE Light Heavyweight World Champion.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: He made his MMA debut in 2005 and would go on to become a major star in his native Myanmar after signing with ONE Championship and winning two titles with the organization.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: He is also one of the few Myanmar citizens with an international profile, given the country only began opening up to the outside world over the last decade. Aung La was the subject of unprecedented national attention in the lead-up to the fight with Russia's then-middleweight champion Vitaly Bigdash, with billboards across Yangon featuring massive portraits of the two fighters.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Being a national icon of Myanmar, his own bronze statue erected in 2018 at the Kachin National Manau Park in his hometown of Myitkyina. During the opening ceremony of the statue a huge crowd of thousands fans gathered.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Aung La was born in Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar to Christian Kachin parents Nsang Tu Awng, a jewellery trader, and his wife Shadan Nang Bu. He is the third son of five siblings. He attended high school at International School Yangon. In 2003, he moved to the United States to study Agriculture Science at Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Michigan. He graduated in 2007 and worked as a migratory beekeeper while keeping up his MMA training.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Aung La Nsang said he got his nickname of the "Burmese Python" while fighting in the Midwest. A promoter from the Midwest asked where he was from and didn't know where Burma was. Aung La Nsang told him Burma was where the Burmese Python is from and so the promoter started to call him that. The geo-political sensitivities was not aware to the promoter.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Aung La Nsang said, "Of course the Kachin people want me to become the Kachin Python or the Kachin Lion, but you can't give yourself a nickname ... It just comes from the fans."


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Aung La Nsang has no formal training in his home country's traditional art of Lethwei and only fought with his cousins and friends. He said his uncle used to fight in Lethwei, but his experience was limited. He lists Tway Ma Shaung as one of his favorite Lethwei fighters alongside Lone Chaw. Aung La has often expressed his interest in Lethwei. and stated being open to a mixed-rules MMA-Lethwei fight, which could happen as ONE Championship already held Lethwei fights, notably at .


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Aung La made his professional debut in 2005, and soon built a reputation for his outstanding submission skills, earning himself the nickname of The Burmese Python. Early in his career, Aung La fought for King of the Cage and Ring of Combat as well as other, smaller promotions. However, his career got off to a slow start, with Aung La losing his first fight. At the age of 27, he became a social media sensation when footage of him knocking out Jason Louck at CFFC 17 went viral in the Kachin State. After the fight, he posed with a Kachin flag.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: He made his ONE Championship debut in June 2014 and has headlined multiple shows at the Thuwunna Stadium in Yangon since 2016. After signing with ONE in 2014, Aung La Nsang returned to his home country of Myanmar two years later at , winning his bout to become a national hero.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: On January 14, 2017, Aung La Nsang challenged Vitaly Bigdash for the ONE Middleweight World Championship at . He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: On June 30, 2017, he became Myanmar's first ever world champion in any mainstream sport, beating Vitaly Bigdash at to win the ONE Middleweight World Championship.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: On November 3, 2017, Aung La Nsang faced Alain Ngalani at in the first openweight bout in ONE Championship history, winning by submission.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: Later that year he met with State Counsellor of Myanmar Aung San Suu Kyi to discuss the issues in the Kachin State.


title: Aung La Nsang

text: On February 23, 2018, he stopped Alexandre Machado at in Yangon to win the ONE Light Heavyweight World Championship to become only the second fighter, after Martin Nguyen, to win ONE Championship titles in two divisions.