title: Iqbal (film)

text: Iqbal succumbs to his offer, out of concern for his father, who is facing financial difficulties and may lose his lands. Luckily, a sports agent is able to offer him a better deal, and Iqbal bowls with his usual fiery pace and wins the match for his team. Surprisingly he also impresses the onlooking national team selector Kapil Dev (in a special guest role), and wins a place in the Indian national cricket team.


title: Iqbal (film)

text: In the end Iqbal is shown donning the Indian Cricket Team's Blue Jersey and walking in the ground to make his international debut.


title: Iqbal (film)

text: "Iqbal" was well received by critics and audiences alike. The success of the film ensured its director Nagesh Kukunoor the commercial recognition. The film was voted amongst the Ten Hindi Films that is ideal for Training and Motivational material.


title: Iqbal (film)

text: The music for the soundtrack was composed by Himesh Reshammiya and Salim Sulaiman and was released under the T-Series label.


title: Graeae

text: In Greek mythology the Graeae (; ; English translation: "old women", "grey ones", or "grey witches"; alternatively spelled Graiai and Graiae) were three sisters who had gray hair from their birth and shared one eye and one tooth among them. They were also called the Grey Sisters and the Phorcides ("daughters of Phorcys") (not to be confused with the three Gorgons, who were also daughters of Phorcys and were also called Phorcides).


title: Graeae

text: The word Graeae is probably derived from the adjective "old woman", derived from the Proto-Indo-European root , "to grow old" via .


title: Graeae

text: The Graeae were daughters of the sea-deities Ceto and Phorcys (from which their name the Phorcydes derived) and sisters to the Gorgons. The Graeae took the form of old, grey-haired women. Their age was so great that a human childhood for them was hardly conceivable. In "Theogony", however, Hesiod describes the Graeae as being "fair-cheeked". In "Prometheus Bound", the Graeae are described as being swan-shaped ("κυκνόμορφοι")


title: Graeae

text: Hesiod names only two Graeae, the "well-clad" Pemphredo (Πεμφρηδώ "alarm") and the "saffron-robed" Enyo (Ἐνυώ "horror" the "waster of cities" who also had an identity separate from this sisterhood). Pseudo-Apollodorus lists Deino (Δεινώ "dread", the dreadful anticipation of horror) as a third. Calling them "Phorcides", Hyginus, in addition to Pemphredo and Enyo, adds Persis noting that "for this last others say Dino".


title: Graeae

text: They shared one eye and one tooth, which they took turns using. By stealing their eye while they were passing it among themselves, the hero Perseus forced them to tell the whereabouts of the three objects needed to kill Medusa (in other versions the whereabouts of Medusa) by ransoming their shared eye for the information.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Ek Hasina Thi (English: "There Was A Beautiful Woman") is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language neo-noir thriller film directed by Sriram Raghavan, produced by Ram Gopal Varma, and starring Urmila Matondkar and Saif Ali Khan in the lead roles. The screenplay was by Sriram Raghavan and Pooja Ladha Surti. The film borrows elements from the Sidney Sheldon story "If Tomorrow Comes". In her review, critic Ronjita Kulkarni says that it's "loosely based" on "Double Jeopardy", while "the film also adapts a scene from "The Bone Collector"." The film was premiered at the New York Asian Film Festival. The film is usually considered one of the best works of Urmila Matondkar, Saif Ali Khan and director Sriram Raghavan.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Karan (Saif Ali Khan) is a rich and suave man. But he can also be very possessive of Sarika (Urmila Matondkar) the woman he seemingly loves. His temper can flare at the slightest pretext. After Karan involves Sarika in looking after a suitcase full of illegal firearms belonging to his friend, a hitman, she is arrested for having links with the underworld and is remanded to judicial custody. Karan claims innocence to her and sends her a defence attorney to fight her case. The attorney advises her to confess the crime, arguing that there is no proof exonerating her.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: After being convinced that the judge will give her a light sentence and might even set her free for co-operation, Sarika complies. But, the judge sentences her to seven years hard labour without parole. Sarika then realises that Karan is an associate to the underworld and that he had her framed to keep police eyes away from him. This realisation is soon followed by the death of her father, the ongoing ordeal of prison life and hatred towards Karan. She beats up an abusive inmate Gomati who constantly bullies her. An elder inmate Pramila (Pratima Kazmi), who has contacts outside the prison, decides to help her. Sarika undergoes a complete change of appearance.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Sarika changes from inside and outside which begins with her getting rid of her fear of rats. ACP Malti Vaidya (Seema Biswas) sets out to find Sarika after she escapes from prison. Sarika first confronts Mathur, killing him after learning Karan's whereabouts. She realised that Karan is a pimp who is actually trying to sell her; she is angered to see Karan enjoying his life with wealth he acquired through sex trafficking. With the news of Mathur's mysterious death, Karan becomes a suspect. Karan soon learns that Sarika has escaped but is not able to put two and two together. Sarika learns that Karan is working for a gangster (Abhay Bhargava) who has many illegal operations under his garb.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: After she kills the gangster's brother, Karan gets trapped as he was the last man to see the person alive. Karan is shocked at the development but chalks it to the work of rival gang. Meanwhile, Sarika pretends to run into him. She pretends to have sympathy for him. Seeing that she still has not seen through his game, Karan decides to play with her for some time. Karan confronts a man whom he suspects to be a traitor, but he believes that somebody else could have sneaked in after Karan went out. Before the man can say anything, Karan kills him, too.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Sarika is amused as Karan gets entangled in a cat-and-mouse game. She steals money from Karan's boss, for which Karan is again made a patsy. However, Karan soon realises the plot. After he confronts and assaults her, she shocks him by telling him that she has burnt the money. Karan takes her to his boss and makes her confess at gunpoint. But she feigns ignorance and claims that Karan made her say so. As Karan is attacked by his boss's goons, he breaks into a fight. Just then, the ACP enters with the police.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: In a shootout, the ACP succeeds in killing Karan's boss. The gang is either killed or apprehended. While the ACP herself gets shot, Karan succeeds in escaping. His success is short-lived: suddenly, Sarika emerges from his back and holds him at gunpoint and makes him drive to a secluded spot. After knocking him out, she chains him in a cavern infested with rats. As Karan regains consciousness, Sarika tells him how she used to be scared of rats and she chose this spot because she wanted him to go through the pain and suffering that she went through while she was in prison. Karan is baffled at her talk, but she leaves him in the cavern, with light from a flashlight pointing towards him.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Karan screams, but nobody hears as he is in a secluded place. Soon the flashlight goes out and Karan loses strength. A pack of rats attack and kill him brutally (shown by dimming of lights and screams). Karan dies a long and painful death. With her mission of exacting revenge from Karan accomplished, Sarika eventually surrenders to the police, turning in the bag of money that she stole from Karan's boss to the ACP. The film ends showing Sarika looking at inmates in a prison and leaves as if she finds her life's purpose.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Saif Ali Khan was not sure about doing the project and especially portraying such a cunning and ruthless character. But the makers convinced him and he ultimately signed the film. For his first role as a villain, he received a lot of appreciation for his performance.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: The film's soundtrack and background score was composed by Amar Mohile. There are two songs that play mainly in the narrative. The first song 'Neend Na Aaye' that plays at the beginning of the film has been sung by Pandit Jasraj. The title song 'Ek Hasina Thi' plays in the second half of the movie.


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: Taran Adarsh wrote that "On the whole, "EK HASINA THI", in the spirit of RGV's other movies, has some fresh things to say about love, passion, deceit and destiny". A critic from "Deccan Herald" wrote that "His [Ram Gopal Varma's] ‘K Sera Sera Productions’ conjures up yet another superbly crafted movie; yet another promising director — Sriram Raghavan and yet another virtuoso performance by his muse, Urmila".


title: Ek Hasina Thi (film)

text: The film was released without much of publicity and marketing but eventually went on to do good business at the box office. The film grossed 10 crores lifetime on the budget of 4 crores. Urmila Matondkar received high praise for her role of a merciless avenger and went on to win nominations at all major film award events. Ek Hasina Thi is considered one of the finest performances in her career.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Ananias (; ) and his wife Sapphira (; ) were, according to the biblical New Testament in Acts of the Apostles chapter 5, members of the early Christian church in Jerusalem. The account records their sudden deaths after lying to the Holy Spirit about money.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Their story is rarely shown in art, but is the subject of one of the Raphael Cartoons, and a panel on the Brescia Casket, both illustrated here. It is also shown on a 1590s painting by Ambrosius Francken the Elder.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Acts chapter closes by stating that the first followers of Jesus did not consider their possessions to be their own but rather held in common, in order to use what they had on behalf of those in want. For example, Barnabas, a Levite from Cyprus, sold a plot of land and donated the proceeds to the apostles.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: As told at the beginning of Acts chapter Ananias and Sapphira, following Barnabas' example, also sold their land but secretly withheld a portion of the proceeds. Ananias presented his donation to Peter. Peter replied, "Why is it that Satan has so filled your heart that you have lied to the Holy Spirit?" Peter pointed out that Ananias was in control of the money and could give or keep it as he saw fit, but had withheld a portion of it. Peter stated that Ananias had lied not to men, but to God. Because of his actions Ananias died on the spot and was carried out. Everyone who heard about the incident feared the Lord. Three hours after Ananias' death his wife arrived, unaware of what had happened. Peter asked her the price of the land that she and Ananias had sold, and she stated the same untruthful price that Ananias had given. She too, fell dead.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: The fourth-century archbishop John Chrysostom alludes to and then dismisses the idea that Peter could be held responsible for the couple's death.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: The morality of the incident has been the source of some commentary. Dunn (1996) describes it as "one of the most unnerving episodes in the whole of the New Testament." Many scholars have noted parallels with the story of Achan (Joshua 7), and Havelaar (1997) notes various parallel events in pagan literature, in particular one close parallel in an event recounted by Herodotus about a certain Glaucus who tried to tempt the gods at Delphi by lying about money he had kept dishonestly, and was subsequently deprived of descendants.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Darrell Bock concludes that the episode emphasises the seriousness of sin, as well as the graciousness of God who often defers judgment. The church is not composed of perfect people, but sins including pride and deceit will eventually be dealt with.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: The Lutheran New Testament Professor Matthew L. Skinner claims the story is meant to be gallows humour. He states that, "The story aims for gallows humor, but we read Acts in a different place today. Our familiarity with religiously sanctioned violence makes it difficult to laugh, even if we understand that this scene may not be offered as serious, definitive theology."


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Marc Pernot, Calvinist pastor at L'Oratoire du Louvre, sees the story as a critique of the shortcomings of Peter and the early Church. "When men want to impose unity, there are problems. … Jesus never instituted a system requiring people to liquidate all their capital... This is compulsory morality... Luke, the author of the book of Acts thus presents Peter and his first church rather critically. In my opinion it is not the only time, because if Peter seems to be the leader of the Church of Jerusalem in the days of Ananias and Sapphira, later in the book of Acts (Acts 15 and Galatians 2:8) we see that he has lost the first place..."


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: P. M. Garner reads the story as subversive narrative showing Peter, complicit in the deaths of Ananias and Sapphira, showing immaturity in imaging the son of God.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: According to the missionary and author Paris Reidhead, the passage is intended to illustrate two key points: the seriousness of lying to the Holy Spirit and the importance of keeping integrity in the believers’ fellowship with Christ, i.e., keeping the fellowship free of sin. More specifically on the second point, Reidhead commented that the introduction of sin would destroy the unity that the early believers had in the Holy Spirit, and would thus remove God's blessing on the body. Reidhead noted that God does not punish everyone who makes the same mistake as Ananias and Sapphira; nevertheless, the passage illustrates God's unambiguous attitude on this matter.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Though the passage is about the offering of money, Reidhead extended the implication to all services offered to God. There must not be any ulterior motives in an offering made to God, such as desiring material gain, fame, or praise of man for oneself.


title: Ananias and Sapphira

text: Concerning the belief held by some, that Peter caused the death of the couple, Reidhead held the view that Peter simply anticipated God's action and relayed it to Ananias and Sapphira before God took the action.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Wakeboarding is a water sport in which the rider, standing on a wakeboard (a board with foot bindings), is towed behind a motorboat across its wake and especially up off the crest in order to perform aerial maneuvers. A hallmark of wakeboarding is the attempted performance of midair tricks. Wakeboarding was developed from a combination of water skiing, snowboarding and surfing techniques.


title: Wakeboarding

text: The rider is usually towed by a rope behind a boat, but can also be towed by cable systems and winches, and be pulled by other motorized vehicles like personal watercraft, cars, trucks, and all-terrain vehicles. The gear and wakeboard boat used are often personalized to each rider's liking.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Though natural watercourses such as rivers, lakes and areas of open water are generally used in wakeboarding, it is possible to wakeboard in unconventional locations, such as flooded roads and car parks, using a car as the towing vehicle.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Wakeboarding is done for pleasure and competition, ranging from freestyle wakeboarding and wakeboard parks to wakeboard competitions at the X Games, WWA Wakeboard World Championships, or similar events. Though it had an obscure start, it is now the world's fastest growing water sport.


title: Wakeboarding

text: The sport that would later become wakeboarding began as water-skiing with monowaterskis (single waterskis) in the USA around 1950. The main difference between monowaterskis and contemporary wakeboards is the shape of the board and the stance.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Wakesurfing - using surfboards as monowaterskis - began picking up traction around 1964, where it was seen as an "exciting new sport that's soon going to sweep the waterways." Although surfboards were originally used, boards without straps or bindings were first seen in New Zealand with boards called "skurfboards". Eventually, wakeboards with bindings or straps were sold in Australia under the name "McSkis". Later, another company called "Skurfer" was founded by Tony Finn in 1985, named as such due to the board being a cross of a surfboard and a water ski. The first board made in the early 1990s was the Hyperlite board by the O’Brien company, a water ski manufacturer who marketed the board as a “compression-molded neutral-buoyancy wakeboard.” This was followed by a variety of boards that are curvier and more compact, creating a smoother ride.


title: Wakeboarding

text: The wakeboard rope has advanced over the years with improvements in the material makeup. When wakeboarding first started, wakeboarders used ski rope, which was made with stretchy cloth or plastic ropes. The latter soon grew in popularity, and a braided rope made out of polypropylene was eventually introduced. A few years later, a rope that was less stretchy was invented that gave the rider a more consistent pull on the rope, though they were heavier and larger in diameter. Modern ropes are coated with Spectra and Dyneema, which decrease the stretch and drag of the rope.


title: Wakeboarding

text: When wakeboarding, a wide variety of safety equipment is used. These include life vests or other buoyancy aids which prevent water-related injuries and deaths, as they keep the wearer buoyant until they are picked up. These vests especially help in situations where the rider is knocked unconscious or cannot tread water. Furthermore, wakeboarders use water-resistant helmets that are able to ventilate water so that the helmets do not fill up with water. Even the length of a wakeboarder's rope is important in providing safety; if the rope is too long, a wakeboarder will land on the flat part of the wake instead of the downside, and their knees will buckle.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Wakeboards themselves are also important to consider when preparing to ride. Four of the most common wakeboard styles include the continuous rocker, the three-stage rocker, the five-stage rocker, and the hybrid rocker. Rocker refers to the curve of the board from head to tail and each type of board has a different placement and amount of curve that works best for different types of rides. The presence or absence of fins on the bottom of a board can also make a drastic difference in how it rides. Beginning riders are usually better off with deeper fins. Another part of the wakeboard itself to consider is the size of the board and the material, which are usually a wood or foam core with a fiber glass coating.


title: Wakeboarding

text: At the same time, the length of a wakeboarding rope will vary based on the rider's preferences. A longer rope may allow for more preparation and momentum before performing tricks, whereas a shorter rope may require less speed and height to travel between wakes. In addition to this, the material of the rope being used can make a significant difference in ride experience. The less stretch in the rope, the better it is for the rider to learn how to ride and do various tricks. Some of the best rope materials include Dyneema, Poly E, and Spectra. Each of these is known for its abrasion resistance, affordability and absorption, and durability respectively.


title: Wakeboarding

text: When wakeboarding, a variety of tricks may be attempted. Most of these stem from the wakeboarder adjusting their posture, edge, and distribution of weight so as to fly into the air upon hitting the wake. Various tricks include the toeside edge, the heelside edge, the ride switch, and the 180° spin.


title: Wakeboarding

text: More advanced tricks call for what is known as inversion or “inverts”. An invert is considered any action where the board is above the head of the rider. This does not necessarily mean the rider is fully upside down, as evidenced by the Raley, a trick where the rider extends their body parallel to the water bending at the knees to achieve inversion.


title: Wakeboarding

text: The heel side backflip, otherwise known as a tantrum, is often regarded as the first and easiest invert to learn as an intermediate level rider. This is because the shape of the wake or the “kicker” (a type of floating ramp, used primarily at cable parks, that mimics the shape of a wake) naturally initiates the sequence of motions that are necessary to complete the trick.


title: Wakeboarding

text: There are many different ways that people are engaged in this sport. Popular brands like Byerly, Hyperlight, O'Brien and Ronix provide ever evolving technology and equipment as well as quality advice for new and seasoned riders alike. Some of these brands also have active social media presence to reach more people and get them into the sport.


title: Wakeboarding

text: Many movements and tricks in wakeboarding bear close resemblance to moves also found in kitesurfing. This is reflected in close similarities between wakeboards and twin-tip kitesurf-boards. Wakeboarding in wake- and waterski parks is thus often considered a more approachable wind-condition independent alternative to kitesurfing and has seen a surge in popularity in parallel to kitesurfing, especially in densely populated areas in Europe, such as Germany.


title: Darren Collison

text: Darren Michael Collison (born August 23, 1987) is an American professional basketball player who is a free agent. Collison played four seasons of college basketball for the UCLA Bruins. He earned All-Pac-10 conference honors three times, and won the Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award his senior year as the top college player standing or under. He was drafted by the New Orleans Hornets in the first round with the 21st overall pick of the 2009 NBA draft. Collison also played for the Indiana Pacers, Dallas Mavericks, Los Angeles Clippers, Sacramento Kings, and Los Angeles Lakers.


title: Darren Collison

text: Collison was born in Rancho Cucamonga, California to parents Dennis and June Griffith, who were both elite track and field athletes for Guyana. As a senior at Etiwanda High School under coach Dave Kleckner, Collison was named a fourth-team "Parade" All-American.


title: Darren Collison

text: Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Collison was listed as the No. 16 point guard and the No. 100 player in the nation in 2005.


title: Darren Collison

text: He was a backup to Jordan Farmar in the Bruins' 2005–06 season, becoming the starting point guard the following season. He was awarded the MVP of the Maui Invitational Tournament in December 2006 and was named the Pacific-10 Conference Player of the Week on December 4, 2006, and again on February 18, 2007. During the 2006–07 season, Collison averaged 2.2 steals per game—the most in the Pacific-10 Conference. He also averaged 5.7 assists (2nd in the Pac-10), as well as a three-point field goal percentage of 44.7 percent.


title: Darren Collison

text: Collison returned to UCLA for his junior and senior years and ended up playing in a total of 142 games at UCLA, tied for the most ever. In his senior year in 2008–09, he was named to the All-Pac-10 team after averaging 14.4 points, 4.7 assists, and 1.6 steals per game. He led the conference in free throw percentage, and was third in assists, steals, and assists-to-turnover ratio. Collison won the Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award that year, awarded to the best college player 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) or shorter. He was also named the Bruins' co-Most Valuable Player (MVP) along with Josh Shipp. Collison and fellow senior teammates Shipp and Alfred Aboya finished their careers as the winningest class in UCLA history with 123 wins. The distinction was relative, as John Wooden's legendary teams played shorter seasons and freshmen were ineligible.


title: Darren Collison

text: Collison was widely considered to be one of the top point guard prospects in the 2009 NBA Draft coming out of UCLA. He was selected in the first round with the 21st overall pick by the New Orleans Hornets.


title: Darren Collison

text: With Chris Paul out for months at two separate times during the 2009–10 season, Collison became the starting point guard. Collison handed out a Hornets rookie-record 18 assists and scored 17 points on January 30, 2010 when New Orleans ended Memphis's 11-game home winning streak with a 113–111 overtime victory. Later on March 8, 2010, Collison broke his own record with a Hornets rookie-record 20 assists (along with 16 points) in a 135–131 victory over the Golden State Warriors. In a game against the Indiana Pacers on February 19, 2010, Collison became only the second rookie of the 2009–10 season to get a triple-double with 18 points, 13 rebounds, and 12 assists. He finished 4th in the NBA Rookie of the Year voting and averaged 18.8 points and 9.1 assists in the 37 games as a starter, but had four turnovers a contest as a starter in his first NBA season.


title: Darren Collison

text: On August 11, 2010, the Hornets traded Collison and James Posey to the Indiana Pacers in a four-team, five-player deal that also sent Troy Murphy to the New Jersey Nets, Trevor Ariza to the New Orleans Hornets and Courtney Lee to the Houston Rockets.


title: Darren Collison

text: On July 12, 2012, Collison and Dahntay Jones were traded to the Dallas Mavericks for Ian Mahinmi. Collison became the Mavericks' starting point guard, replacing Jason Kidd who left as a free agent. Collison was a key player in Dallas' 4–1 start in 2012–13, but he struggled as they lost 8 of their next 11. After starting the team's first 14 games, Collison came off the bench for one game. He missed the next game with a sprained right middle finger, prompting Dallas to sign Derek Fisher. Fisher started in his first game with the Mavericks, while Collison remained a reserve. 14 games later, on December 27, 2012, he regained the starting job.


title: Darren Collison

text: On July 10, 2013, Collison signed a deal with the Los Angeles Clippers. He again backed up Chris Paul, who was also on the Clippers. When Paul was out 18 games with an injured shoulder, Collison started and averaged 13.3 points and 6.5 assists in 32.6 minutes. The Clippers went 12–6 in that span, and coach Doc Rivers said the team "weathered the storm" without their All-Star point guard; he called Collison's play "the key." In Game 4 of the second round of the 2014 NBA Playoffs against the Oklahoma City Thunder, the Clippers overcame a 22-point deficit to tie the series at 2–2, as Collison scored 12 of his 18 points in the final quarter to help lead the team to a 101–99 win.


title: Darren Collison

text: On July 12, 2014, Collison signed a three-year, $16 million deal with the Sacramento Kings. The Kings offered him a starting job at point guard, and the Clippers were unable to match either the deal or the playing time.


title: Darren Collison

text: On December 27, 2014, Collison had a season-best game with 27 points and 10 assists in a 135–129 overtime win over the New York Knicks. On February 26, 2015, he was ruled out for three to six weeks with a right hip flexor. Collison was suspended for the first eight games of the 2016–17 season after pleading guilty on a misdemeanor charge of domestic battery.


title: Darren Collison

text: On July 7, 2017, Collison signed with the Indiana Pacers, returning to the franchise for a second stint. He had knee surgery in early February 2018, returning to the Pacers' line-up in mid-March. After gradually improving his three-point shooting throughout his career, Collison led the league with a career-best 47% 3-point percentage in 2017–18.


title: Darren Collison

text: On December 10, 2018, in a 109–101 win over the Washington Wizards, Collison had 17 assists, his highest single-game total with Indiana. He ended the 2018–19 season with averages of 11 points and six assists.


title: Darren Collison

text: On June 28, 2019, Collison announced his retirement from the NBA. A Jehovah’s Witness, he cited religious reasons for retiring. He had been expected to draw multiple contract offers for around $10 million per season.


title: Darren Collison

text: On December 24, 2021, Collison came out of retirement, signing a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Lakers.


title: Darren Collison

text: Collison is the son of June and Dennis Collison. His parents were elite track and field athletes. His mother represented Guyana at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Michael Bennett (born May 16, 1985) is an American professional wrestler best known under the ring name Mike Bennett. He currently competes for the National Wrestling Alliance. He is best known for his time in Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a former ROH World Tag Team Champion, and also competed in the WWE under the ring name Mike Kanellis and Impact Wrestling where he was a member of Honor No More


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: After a few years on the independent circuit, Bennett made his Ring of Honor (ROH) debut in 2008; his character was named The Prodigy. With his then-girlfriend Maria Kanellis, he worked as part of "The Kingdom" stable, winning the ROH World Tag Team Championship with Matt Taven. ROH's talent-sharing agreement with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) enabled the tag team to make limited appearances in Japan, where they won NJPW's IWGP Tag Team Championship. Bennett and Taven also operate a wrestling school in West Warwick, Rhode Island. Bennett left ROH in late-2015 to sign with rival promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he won the TNA X Division Championship. In 2017, Bennett joined his wife Maria in WWE (whose maiden name was used as his character's surname), where held the WWE 24/7 Championship twice.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Michael Bennett was born on May 16, 1985, in Carver, Massachusetts. He has an older brother, an older sister, and a younger brother. He graduated from Carver High School in 2003 (presently, Carver Middle-High School).


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett made his professional wrestling debut in 2002. The following year, Bennett made a single appearance for the East Coast Wrestling Association, when he lost to Big Benny. On October 3, 2004, at the New England Wrestling Association's "Return to Exile" show, Bennett was part of a battle royal in which the final two competitors would face each other for the vacant NEWA Heavyweight Championship. Bennett and Brian Rogers were the final men left, and later that night Bennett defeated Rogers to win the NEWA Heavyweight Championship. Bennett also wrestled for Eastern Pro Wrestling (EPW). On April 27, 2007, Bennett lost to Derek Destiny. On February 29, 2008, Bennett lost to Nick Westgate. The following day, Bennett, who was accompanied by Gia Savitz, defeated Thom Kane. On January 16, 2010, Bennett unsuccessfully challenged Nick Westagte for the EPW Television Championship. On March 5, Bennett won the 'Rhodes Island Rumble' battle royal to become the number one contender to the EPW Heavyweight Championship.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett and Bryce Andrews appeared on the April 9, 2007, episode of "WWE Heat", where they faced Cryme Tyme. On October 6, 2009, Bennett competed in dark match in losing effort against Kip James at the "TNA Impact!" taping. In a match for the Northeast Wrestling (NEW) promotion in March 2010, Bennett was a participant in a five-way match for the NEW Heavyweight Championship, which was won by Matt Taven. At NEW's "Spring Slam" show on April 15, 2011, Bennett lost to Matt Hardy. In 2010, Bennett debuted for Squared Circle Wrestling (2CW) by defeating Matt Taven on September 25. Three months later at 2CW's "Nightmare Before Christmas" show in December, Taven defeated Bennett in a rematch.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On September 14, 2012, Bennett made his debut for the Chikara promotion, when he and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) entered the 2012 King of Trios tournament as Team ROH, defeating the Faces of Pain (The Barbarian, Meng and The Warlord) in their first round match. The following day, Team ROH advanced to the semifinals with a win over The Extreme Trio (Jerry Lynn, Tommy Dreamer and Too Cold Scorpio). Team ROH opened the third and final day of the tournament by defeating the all-female Team Sendai Girls (Dash Chisako, Meiko Satomura and Sendai Sachiko) in the semifinals. In the finals of the tournament, Team ROH was defeated by the Spectral Envoy (Frightmare, Hallowicked and UltraMantis Black), when Bennett submitted to Hallowicked's "Chikara Special".


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett debuted for New England Championship Wrestling (NECW) on November 14, 2003, losing to Johnny Idol. The following March, Bennett earned his first win in NECW by defeating Bob Evans. In August 2004, Bennett began feuding with Ru Starr, trading victories with him, until Starr won the rubber match on February 12, 2005. In March, Bennett moved into a feud with Michael Sain, losing to him in two singles match that month, and again in a Stretcher match on April 16. He earned his first victory over Sain in June. He spent the next several months wrestling against competitors including Frankie Arion, Pat Masters, and Fergal Devitt, before taking a four-year hiatus from NECW.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: He returned at "Spring Breakdown" on April 18, 2009, teaming with Guy Alexander to defeat TJ Richter and Mr. Munroe. At "NECW Tag Team Classic" in September, Bennett and Alexander defeated Richter and Munroe in the first round of a tournament, but their match against Scott Osborne and Brandon Locke ended in a double countout, eliminating both teams from the tournament. At the NECW television tapings on January 23, 2010, Bennett defeated David Cash.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett debuted for Top Rope Promotions (TRP) on February 17, 2006, where he defeated Stryker. On March 24, Bennett, as part of NRG, defeated Freightrain. The following month Bennett defeated Billy Warhawk. Bennett continued on a winning streak, defeating Joe Chece, Spike Dudley, D. C. Drake, and on June 23, he competed in the 2006 Kowalski Cup. He defeated Romeo Roselli and Chece en route to the final, where he defeated Slyck Wagner Brown to win the tournament. He suffered his first loss on July 1, when he was defeated by Antonio Thomas, and two weeks later he lost to Roselli. On September 1, Bennett defeated Dudley in a street fight to win the NRG Heavyweight Championship. The following night, he lost to Dudley in a steel cage match, and lost a Loser Leaves Town steel cage match to Dudley on September 29.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Despite this, Bennett returned to TRP on January 5, 2007, teaming with Bryce Andrews to defeat 'Chunky But Funky' to win the TRP Tag Team Championship. After losing to The Aldren Brothers in a non-title match in February, Bennett and Andrews won a two out of three falls match to retain the championship on April 6. The following night, they lost to The Heart Throbs (Antonio Thomas and Romeo Roselli) in a non-title match, and at the following show in May, Bennett lost to Roselli in a singles match. On June 9, Bennett and Andrews defeated Kristian Frost and Brutus Beefcake. In July, Bennett aligned himself with Luscious Latasha, with the pair defeating Dudley and Leah Morrison in a mixed tag team match on July 15. In April 2008, Bennett lost to Dudley in a street fight. On May 30, Bennett lost to Andrews in a First Blood match. He continued competing in TRP for the remainder of the year, wrestling against Dudley, Brian Fury, Bushwhacker Luke, and Jason Blade. He formed a semi-regular tag team with Ryan Waters in January 2009, and the pair lost to the reigning TRP Tag Team Championship, The Alden Brothers on January 9.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On March 20, Bennett faced Stevie Richards in a match for the vacant TRP Heavyweight Championship, but was unsuccessful. On April 4, however, Bennett defeated Richards to win the TRP Heavyweight Championship for the first time. He successfully defended the championship against Jimmy Preston on July 12, Isys Ephex on September 18, and Ken Anderson on November 8. On January 1, 2010, Bennett defeated Kenny Dykstra to retain his TRP Heavyweight Championship, and retained it again against Colin Delaney on February 5, and against J. Freddie in a No Disqualification match on February 21. On April 9, at "The Anniversary", the TRP Heavyweight Championship was vacated when a match between Bennett and Freddie ended in a no contest. The following month, Freddie defeated Bennett in a Last Man Standing match.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: At the 2010 Kowalski Cup Tournament, Bennett defeated TRP Interstate Champion Guy Alexander in a non-title match, provoking a feud between the two. In November, Bennett defeated Alexander in a strap match, with Ox Baker as the guest enforcer. At "Spindle City Rumble" in December, Bennett defeated Alexander by count-out, and so did not win the championship. On January 1, 2011, Bennett lost to Alexander in a steel cage match for the Interstate Championship. On February 19, Bennett debuted "Brutal" Bob Evans as his manager in TRP, and went on to defeat Frankie Arion.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett made his Ring of Honor (ROH) debut in 2008. In his first match he lost to Daniel Puder at "Proving Ground" in Boston, Massachusetts on January 11. His next appearance came three months later at "Bedlam In Beantown" in March, when he lost to Jason Blade. After attending a tryout camp in March 2010, which he heard about through announcer Kevin Kelly, Bennett appeared at the "Ring of Honor Wrestling" television tapings in July and August. Bennett signed a one-year contract with ROH in August 2010. In his next appearance he lost to Roderick Strong on September 10, but earned his first ROH victory at "Tag Title Classic II" on December 17, when he defeated Colt Cabana.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Video packages about Bennett began airing on ROH's television program, "Ring of Honor Wrestling" in November 2010, promoting his television debut. On the December 6 episode of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Bennett and his manager "Brutal" Bob Evans appeared in the crowd to watch a match between the ROH World Television Champion Eddie Edwards and Christopher Daniels. Bennett made his in-ring television debut when he defeated Nick Dinsmore on the January 10, 2010, episode. During the February and March episodes of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Bennett took part in the "Top Prospect Tournament". He defeated Adam Cole in the first round, Andy Ridge in the semi-finals, and Kyle O'Reilly in the final. Following each match in the tournament, Bennett was congratulated and given advice by Steve Corino, but Bennett rejected it and mocked Corino, provoking a feud between the two men. At the 9th Anniversary Show pay-per-view, Bennett pinned Corino to win a four-corner survival match, also involving Kyle O'Reilly and Grizzly Redwood. As a result of his victory in the 'Top Prospect Tournament', Bennett earned a match for the ROH World Television Championship against Christopher Daniels at "Defy or Deny" on March 18. Bennett and Evans had a verbal confrontation with Corino at the start of the show, and Corino prevented Evans from helping Bennett during his ROH World Television Championship match, which Bennett went on to lose. In a singles match between the two at "Manhattan Mayhem IV", Bennett defeated Corino and attacked him following the match with the aid of Evans. In a rematch at "Revolution: Canada" in early May, Bennett again prevailed with Evans' help.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett received another shot at the ROH World Television Championship on October 1, but the title match with Jay Lethal ended in a fifteen-minute time limit draw. Shortly after this, he began an angle where he proclaimed that he had already won the match and proclaimed himself to be the true champion. Bennett challenged for the World Television Championship again at Final Battle 2011 in a three-way elimination match against Lethal and El Generico. Bennett was accompanied by his real-life girlfriend Maria Kanellis for the match, in which he was the final man eliminated, allowing Lethal to retain the championship. At the January 7, 2012, tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Bennett unsuccessfully challenged Lethal for the World Television Championship in a No Time Limit match. Bennett then started feuding with Lance Storm, with Bennett winning their initial singles match at Showdown in the Sun, and Storm winning the rematch at Border Wars. At the June 29 tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Bennett defeated Storm in the final match of their trilogy.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: At the June 21 tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Bennett teamed up with Brutal Bob in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Adam Cole and Eddie Edwards. Afterwards Bennett, Bob, and Kanellis attacked Cole and Edwards, before being chased away by the returning Sara Del Rey. At the following internet pay-per-view, Boiling Point on August 11, Bennett and Kanellis were defeated in an intergender tag team match by Edwards and Del Rey, when Bennett submitted to Edwards. On December 16 at , Bennett defeated Jerry Lynn in his final ROH match before retirement.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: At the June 23, 2013, tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Bennett teased leaving ROH, before turning on Evans and announcing that "The Prodigy is dead". On July 11, Bennett, now working as "Michael Bennett", was announced as a participant in the upcoming ROH World Championship tournament. On August 3, it was reported that Bennett that re-signed a long-term deal with ROH, after failing to come to terms with WWE. That same night, Bennett's first round ROH World Championship tournament match ended without a winner, when his opponent B. J. Whitmer was legitimately injured after a piledriver on the ring apron. ROH later awarded the win to Bennett, giving him a spot in the quarterfinals of the tournament. On August 17, Bennett was eliminated from the tournament by Tommaso Ciampa. The following month, Bennett started a feud with Kevin Steen over who had the more dangerous piledriver. The two faced off on October 26 at Glory By Honor XII, where Bennett was victorious, following a distraction from Kanellis. On December 14 at Final Battle 2013, Bennett was defeated by Steen in a Stretcher match and, as a result, could no longer use the piledriver in ROH.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett and Maria aligned themselves with the ROH World Champion Adam Cole, and Matt Hardy, as The Kingdom. Throughout the summer, Maria and Bennett would get involved in Matt Hardy's feud with The Briscoes (Mark and Jay, the former ROH World Champion Jay Briscoe, who was stripped from the title and used a custom belt as the Real World Championship), which would result a tag team match at the "Best in the World" pay-per-view on June 22, which Hardy and Bennett would lose despite Maria's interference. On September 18, 2015, at All Star Extravaganza VII, Bennett and Taven won the ROH World Tag Team Championship by defeating The Addiction (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian) and The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson) in a three-way match. They lost the title to War Machine (Hanson and Ray Rowe) on December 18 at Final Battle. Bennett and Kanellis left ROH after the following day's "Ring of Honor Wrestling" taping, after failing to come to terms on a new contract with the promotion.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: In May 2014, Bennett took part in a tour co-produced by ROH and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). On May 17 at War of the Worlds, Bennett was defeated by one of NJPW's top wrestlers, Hiroshi Tanahashi, in an interpromotional match. Through ROH's relationship with NJPW, Bennett made an appearance for the Japanese promotion on August 10 in Tokorozawa, Saitama, teaming with Adam Cole to defeat Captain New Japan and Jyushin Thunder Liger in a tag team match.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: From November 23 to December 5, Bennett and Matt Taven represented ROH and The Kingdom in NJPW's 2014 World Tag League. The team finished their round-robin block with a record of four wins and three losses, failing to advance to the finals.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Bennett and Taven returned to NJPW on April 5, 2015, at Invasion Attack 2015, where they defeated Bullet Club (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) to win the IWGP Tag Team Championship. On July 5 at Dominion 7.5 in Osaka-jo Hall, The Kingdom lost the IWGP Tag Team Championship back to Bullet Club in their first defense. Bennett and Taven returned to NJPW in November to take part in the 2015 World Tag League, where they finished with a record of two wins and four losses, failing to advance from their block.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On the January 5, 2016 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett made his Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) debut with his wife Maria. He stated that he is "professional wrestling's Jesus". Three days later, at , Bennett made his in-ring debut, defeating Robbie E. Bennett challenged Kurt Angle on the Maximum Impact Tour; however, Angle said he does not wrestle anyone he does not respect, this caused Bennett to have a short feud with Drew Galloway, who Angle had respect for. His feud against Galloway culminated on the March 1 episode of "Impact Wrestling", where Bennett defeated Galloway. The feud ended on the March 15 episode of "Impact Wrestling", when Bennett and Maria defeated Galloway and Gail Kim. He started a feud against Ethan Carter III, during the April 12 episode of "Impact Wrestling", he had a match against him, which ended in a disqualification, when Carter attacked Bennett with a chair. On the April 26 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett defeated Carter, ended his unpinned streak. On June 12, at Slammiversary, Bennett was defeated by Carter in their rematch. On the June 21 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett defeated Eddie Edwards to win the TNA X Division Championship. The following week, Bennett successfully retained his title against Braxton Sutter after he won a battle royal to earn his title shot. On the July 5 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett dropped the X Division Championship back to Eddie Edwards in an Ultimate X match.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: At Destination X, he interrupted the main event by attacking Eddie Edwards and Lashley, with the help of debuting Moose. On the July 21 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett enter the Bound for Glory Playoff to challenge for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship at Bound for Glory, defeating Jeff Hardy in the first round and Drew Galloway in the semi-final, but lost the final round against Ethan Carter III. On the August 25 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett won a battle royal by eliminating Eddie Edwards and Moose to earn a title match against Lashley for the World Heavyweight Championship. The following week on "Impact Wrestling", he lost the match, when Moose refused to help him. After the match, Bennett yelled at Moose, calling him "a failed football player", just before Moose attacked him. On October 2, at Bound for Glory, Bennett was defeated by Moose. Later that night, Bennett and Maria had a confrontation against the debuting Cody and his wife Brandi Rhodes. On the October 27 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett and Maria were defeated by Cody and Brandi Rhodes, thus ending the feud. On the November 10 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett defeated Moose to participate in a four-way match against Ethan Carter III, Lashley and Trevor Lee to determine the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship, which was won by Carter the following week. On the January 5, 2017 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Bennett was defeated by Moose and failed to win the Impact Grand Championship. After the match, Bennett challenged Moose for a rematch at , which was won again by Moose. At Joker's Wild 2017, Bennett and Braxton Sutter defeated Tyrus and Crazzy Steve later that night Bennett competed in the 14-person intergender Joker's Wild gauntlet battle royal which was won by Moose. After being convinced by Kevin Owens, the couple didn't re-sign with TNA and, on March 1, they left the promotion.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On April 18, 2017, Bennett was reported to have signed with WWE. On June 18, at the Money in the Bank, now billed as Mike Kanellis, he made his debut alongside his wife, Maria Kanellis. Over the following weeks, the Kanellis couple would be unintentionally interrupted by Sami Zayn, leading the Kanellis couple to demand an apology on the July 11 episode, but Zayn refused. This prompted Maria to slap Zayn, and Mike to attack Zayn with a vase, establishing both as villains and beginning a feud with Zayn. On the July 18 episode of "SmackDown", Kanellis defeated Zayn in his WWE debut match, after interference from Maria. A rematch was subsequently scheduled for Battleground, which Zayn won. In total, he only wrestled four times on "SmackDown" due to going to rehab shortly after joining WWE and Maria getting pregnant around the same time.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On April 16, 2018, Kanellis was moved to the Raw brand as part of the Superstar Shake-up. At the Greatest Royal Rumble on April 28, Kanellis competed in the 50-man Royal Rumble match, but was quickly eliminated by Mark Henry after only three seconds. During his time on Raw, he did not win a match on their weekly show.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On the October 10 episode of "205 Live", Kanellis, alongside Maria, made his debut for the brand, attacking Lince Dorado. On the October 24 episode of "205 Live", he defeated Dorado in his debut match on the brand. Bennett would then join forces with TJP against Lucha House Party (Lince Dorado, Kalisto and Gran Metalik), with the feud ended on the December 4 episode of "205 Live", Bennett and TJP were defeated by Lucha House Party in a tornado tag team match. On the January 9, 2019 episode of "205 Live", Kanellis and Maria complained to the general manager Drake Maverick about how they had not been on the show for five weeks and that the new roster members that came to the brand would have to go through Kanellis first.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On January 16, Ryan Satin of Pro Wrestling Sheet reported that the Kanellis couple had asked WWE to release them from their contracts, and sources mentioned that the two have "been unhappy with the way they've been used in WWE for awhile." Maria would go on to deny that she asked for her release. Mike Johnson of Pro Wrestling Insider reported that they were not backstage at the following episode of "205 Live". They would not appear until the January 29 episode of "205 Live", where Kanellis would lose to Kalisto. On the March 19 episode of "205 Live", Kanellis defeated Akira Tozawa after a distraction from Maria, ending his losing streak. Kanellis went on to feud with Tozawa over the following weeks, culminating in a no disqualification match, won by Tozawa. In June, it was reported that the Kanellis couple signed multi-year extensions with WWE. A few weeks later, the Kanellis couple started appearing on "Raw", with a storyline began where Maria announced her pregnancy, but she would start berating Kanellis, saying he was not the father, always insulting him, and accusing of not being a man. During the storyline, Kanellis won the WWE 24/7 Championship, his first-ever title in the company, but Maria ordered him later in the show to lay on his back and let the referee count to three as she became the 24/7 Champion. Kanellis won the title for a second time, after hugging and pinning Maria on her OB-GYN's bed, but lost the title to R-Truth moments later, as he pinned Kanellis in the OB-GYN's waiting room, disguised as a woman.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On October 14, four months after he signed a multi-year contract with WWE, he requested his release from WWE. Kanellis returned from hiatus on the February 14, 2020 episode of "205 Live", teaming with Tony Nese to defeat Ariya Daivari and The Brian Kendrick.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On April 15, 2020, both Mike and Maria Kanellis were released by WWE along with several other superstars because of measures implemented by WWE due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: After leaving WWE, Bennett used his real name in the independent circuit. On September 15, 2020, he faced Nick Aldis for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship "United Wrestling Network Prime Time LIVE!" pay-per-view, which he lost.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On November 21, 2020, Bennett made an appearance on Ring of Honor Wrestling television helping his former Kingdom partner Matt Taven fight off Vinny Marseglia and Bateman. On October 27, 2021, he was released by ROH among other wrestlers due to the company going on hiatus.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: At Hard To Kill, on January 8, 2022, Bennett made his return to TNA, now known as Impact Wrestling, appeared along with Maria, Matt Taven, PCO, and Vincent, attacking Eddie Edwards, Rich Swann, Willie Mack, Heath and Rhino. On September 1, 2022 episode of "Impact!", they defeated The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) to capture the Impact World Tag Team Championship for a first time. They would lose the titles on the October 20, 2022 addition of "Impact!" to Heath and Rhino.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On October 8, 2022, it was announced that Bennett, Kanellis, Taven and Vincent had left "Impact Wrestling".


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: On the October 14th episode of AEW's Rampage Bennett appeared with Maria & Taven, as The Kingdom, to confront FTR.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: Kanellis made his video game debut as part of the Rising Stars Pack of downloadable content created for WWE 2K19 and also appeared in WWE 2K20.


title: Mike Bennett (wrestler)

text: In an interview in December 2011, Maria Kanellis confirmed she was dating Bennett, and they later got engaged. Bennett and Kanellis married on October 10, 2014. On September 25, 2017, Bennett and Kanellis announced they were expecting their first child. On April 3, 2018, Kanellis gave birth to a girl, Fredrica "Freddie" Moon Bennett. On February 3, 2020, their son Carver Mars was born.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Grease is a solid or semisolid lubricant formed as a dispersion of thickening agents in a liquid lubricant. Grease generally consists of a soap emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: A common feature of greases is that they possess a high initial viscosity, which upon the application of shear, drops to give the effect of an oil-lubricated bearing of approximately the same viscosity as the base oil used in the grease. This change in viscosity is called shear thinning. Grease is sometimes used to describe lubricating materials that are simply soft solids or high viscosity liquids, but these materials do not exhibit the shear-thinning properties characteristic of the classical grease. For example, petroleum jellies such as Vaseline are not generally classified as greases.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Greases are applied to mechanisms that can be lubricated only infrequently and where a lubricating oil would not stay in position. They also act as sealants to prevent ingress of water and incompressible materials. Grease-lubricated bearings have greater frictional characteristics because of their high viscosity.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: A "true" grease consists of an oil and/or other fluid lubricant that is mixed with a thickener, typically a "soap", to form a solid or semisolid. Greases are usually "shear-thinning" or pseudo-plastic fluids, which means that the viscosity of the fluid is reduced under shear. After sufficient force to shear the grease has been applied, the viscosity drops and approaches that of the base lubricant, such as the mineral oil. This sudden drop in shear force means that grease is considered a plastic fluid, and the reduction of shear force with time makes it thixotropic. A few greases are rheotropic, meaning they become more viscous when worked. It is often applied using a grease gun, which applies the grease to the part being lubricated under pressure, forcing the solid grease into the spaces in the part.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Soaps are the most common emulsifying agent used, and the selection of the type of soap is determined by the application. Soaps include calcium stearate, sodium stearate, lithium stearate, as well as mixtures of these components. Fatty acids derivatives other than stearates are also used, especially lithium 12-hydroxystearate. The nature of the soaps influences the temperature resistance (relating to the viscosity), water resistance, and chemical stability of the resulting grease. Calcium sulphonates and polyureas are increasingly common grease thickeners not based on metallic soaps.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Powdered solids may also be used as thickeners, especially as clays. Fatty oil-based greases have also been prepared with other thickeners, such as tar, graphite, or mica, which also increase the durability of the grease. Silicone greases are generally thickened with silica.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Lithium-based greases are the most commonly used; sodium and lithium-based greases have higher melting point (dropping point) than calcium-based greases but are not resistant to the action of water. Lithium-based grease has a dropping point at 190 to 220 °C (350 to 400 °F). However the maximum usable temperature for lithium-based grease is 120 °C.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: The amount of grease in a sample can be determined in a laboratory by extraction with a solvent followed by e.g. gravimetric determination.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Some greases are labeled "EP", which indicates "extreme pressure". Under high pressure or shock loading, normal grease can be compressed to the extent that the greased parts come into physical contact, causing friction and wear. EP greases have increased resistance to film breakdown, form sacrificial coatings on the metal surface to protect if the film does break down, or include solid lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide to provide protection even without any grease remaining.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Solid additives such as copper or ceramic powder are added to some greases for static high pressure and/or high temperature applications, or where corrosion could prevent dis-assembly of components later in their service life. These compounds are working as a release agent. Solid additives cannot be used in bearings because of tight tolerances. Solid additives will cause increased wear in bearings.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Grease from the early Egyptian or Roman eras is thought to have been prepared by combining lime with olive oil. The lime saponifies some of the triglyceride that comprises oil to give a calcium grease. In the middle of the 19th century, soaps were intentionally added as thickeners to oils. Over the centuries, all manner of materials have been employed as greases. For example, black slugs "Arion ater" were used as axle-grease to lubricate wooden axle-trees or carts in Sweden.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Jointly developed by ASTM International, the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) and SAE International, standard "“standard classification and specification for automotive service greases”" was first published in 1989 by ASTM International. It categorizes greases suitable for the lubrication of chassis components and wheel bearings of vehicles, based on performance requirements, using codes adopted from the NLGI's "“chassis and wheel bearing service classification system”":


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: The main elements of standard and NLGI's consistency classification are reproduced and described in standard "“automotive lubricating greases”" published by SAE International.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Standard "“lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — classification — part 9: family X (greases)”", first released in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization, establishes a detailed classification of greases used for the lubrication of equipment, components of machines, vehicles, etc. It assigns a single multi-part code to each grease based on its operational properties (including temperature range, effects of water, load, etc.) and its NLGI consistency number.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Fluoropolymers containing C-O-C (ether) with fluorine (F) bonded to the carbon. They are more flexible and often used in demanding environments due to their inertness. Fomblin by Solvay Solexis and Krytox by duPont are prominent examples.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Apiezon, silicone-based, and fluoroether-based greases are all used commonly in laboratories for lubricating stopcocks and ground glass joints. The grease helps to prevent joints from "freezing", as well as ensuring high vacuum systems are properly sealed. Apiezon or similar hydrocarbon based greases are the cheapest, and most suitable for high vacuum applications. However, they dissolve in many organic solvents. This quality makes clean-up with pentane or hexanes trivial, but also easily leads to contamination of reaction mixtures.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Silicone-based greases are cheaper than fluoroether-based greases. They are relatively inert and generally do not affect reactions, though reaction mixtures often get contaminated (detected through NMR near δ 0). Silicone-based greases are not easily removed with solvent, but they are removed efficiently by soaking in a base bath.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Fluoroether-based greases are inert to many substances including solvents, acids, bases, and oxidizers. They are, however, expensive, and are not easily cleaned away.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Food-grade greases are those greases that come in contact with food. Food-grade lubricant base oil are generally low sulfur petrochemical, less easily oxidized and emulsified. Another commonly used poly-α olefin base oil as well The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has three food-grade designations: H1, H2 and H3. H1 lubricants are food-grade lubricants used in food-processing environments where there is the possibility of incidental food contact. H2 lubricants are industrial lubricants used on equipment and machine parts in locations with no possibility of contact. H3 lubricants are food-grade lubricants, typically edible oils, used to prevent rust on hooks, trolleys and similar equipment.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: In some cases, the lubrication and high viscosity of a grease are desired in situations where non-toxic, non-oil based materials are required. Carboxymethyl cellulose, or CMC, is one popular material used to create a water-based analog of greases. CMC serves to both thicken the solution and add a lubricating effect, and often silicone-based lubricants are added for additional lubrication. The most familiar example of this type of lubricant, used as a surgical and personal lubricant, is K-Y Jelly.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: Cork grease is a lubricant used to lubricate cork, for example in musical wind instruments. It is usually applied using small lip-balm/lip-stick like applicators.


title: Grease (lubricant)

text: New location: Navigate to USACE Home > [Publications] > [Engineer Manuals] > [EM 1110-2-1424 Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids]


title: Hodge conjecture

text: In mathematics, the Hodge conjecture is a major unsolved problem in algebraic geometry and complex geometry that relates the algebraic topology of a non-singular complex algebraic variety to its subvarieties.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: In simple terms, the Hodge conjecture asserts that the basic topological information like the number of holes in certain geometric spaces, complex algebraic varieties, can be understood by studying the possible nice shapes sitting inside those spaces, which look like zero sets of polynomial equations. The latter objects can be studied using algebra and the calculus of analytic functions, and this allows one to indirectly understand the broad shape and structure of often higher-dimensional spaces which can not be otherwise easily visualized.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: More specifically, the conjecture states that certain de Rham cohomology classes are algebraic; that is, they are sums of Poincaré duals of the homology classes of subvarieties. It was formulated by the Scottish mathematician William Vallance Douglas Hodge as a result of a work in between 1930 and 1940 to enrich the description of de Rham cohomology to include extra structure that is present in the case of complex algebraic varieties. It received little attention before Hodge presented it in an address during the 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians, held in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Hodge conjecture is one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems, with a prize of $1,000,000 for whoever can prove or disprove the Hodge conjecture.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Let "X" be a compact complex manifold of complex dimension "n". Then "X" is an orientable smooth manifold of real dimension formula_1, so its cohomology groups lie in degrees zero through formula_1. Assume "X" is a Kähler manifold, so that there is a decomposition on its cohomology with complex coefficients


title: Hodge conjecture

text: where formula_4 is the subgroup of cohomology classes which are represented by harmonic forms of type formula_5. That is, these are the cohomology classes represented by differential forms which, in some choice of local coordinates formula_6, can be written as a harmonic function times


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Taking wedge products of these harmonic representatives corresponds to the cup product in cohomology, so the cup product with complex coefficients is compatible with the Hodge decomposition:


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Since "X" is a compact oriented manifold, "X" has a fundamental class, and so "X" can be integrated over.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Let "Z" be a complex submanifold of "X" of dimension "k", and let formula_9 be the inclusion map. Choose a differential form formula_10 of type formula_5. We can integrate formula_10 over "Z" using the pullback function formula_13,


title: Hodge conjecture

text: To evaluate this integral, choose a point of "Z" and call it formula_15. The inclusion of "Z" in "X" means we can choose local coordinates formula_16 on "X" such that "Z" is a subset of formula_17. If formula_18, then formula_10 must contain some formula_20 where formula_21 pulls back to zero on "Z". The same is true with formula_22 if formula_23. Consequently, this integral is zero if formula_24.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: On the other hand, the integral can be written as the cap product of the homology class of "Z" and the cohomology class represented by formula_10. By Poincaré duality, the homology class of "Z" is dual to a cohomology class which we will call ["Z"], and the cap product can be computed by taking the cup product of ["Z"] and α and capping with the fundamental class of "X".


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Because ["Z"] is a cohomology class, it has a Hodge decomposition. By the computation we did above, if we cup this class with any class of type formula_24, then we get zero. Because formula_27, we conclude that ["Z"] must lie in formula_28.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: A projective complex manifold is a complex manifold which can be embedded in complex projective space. Because projective space carries a Kähler metric, the Fubini–Study metric, such a manifold is always a Kähler manifold. By Chow's theorem, a projective complex manifold is also a smooth projective algebraic variety, that is, it is the zero set of a collection of homogeneous polynomials.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Another way of phrasing the Hodge conjecture involves the idea of an algebraic cycle. An "algebraic cycle" on "X" is a formal combination of subvarieties of "X"; that is, it is something of the form


title: Hodge conjecture

text: The coefficients are usually taken to be integral or rational. We define the cohomology class of an algebraic cycle to be the sum of the cohomology classes of its components. This is an example of the cycle class map of de Rham cohomology, see Weil cohomology. For example, the cohomology class of the above cycle would be


title: Hodge conjecture

text: The assumption in the Hodge conjecture that "X" be algebraic (projective complex manifold) cannot be weakened. In 1977, Steven Zucker showed that it is possible to construct a counterexample to the Hodge conjecture as complex tori with analytic rational cohomology of type formula_33, which is not projective algebraic. (see appendix B of )


title: Hodge conjecture

text: The first result on the Hodge conjecture is due to . In fact, it predates the conjecture and provided some of Hodge's motivation.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: A very quick proof can be given using sheaf cohomology and the exponential exact sequence. (The cohomology class of a divisor turns out to equal to its first Chern class.) Lefschetz's original proof proceeded by normal functions, which were introduced by Henri Poincaré. However, the Griffiths transversality theorem shows that this approach cannot prove the Hodge conjecture for higher codimensional subvarieties.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Combining the above two theorems implies that Hodge conjecture is true for Hodge classes of degree formula_40. This proves the Hodge conjecture when formula_35 has dimension at most three.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: The Lefschetz theorem on (1,1)-classes also implies that if all Hodge classes are generated by the Hodge classes of divisors, then the Hodge conjecture is true:


title: Hodge conjecture

text: By the strong and weak Lefschetz theorem, the only non-trivial part of the Hodge conjecture for hypersurfaces is the degree "m" part (i.e., the middle cohomology) of a 2"m"-dimensional hypersurface formula_45. If the degree "d" is 2, i.e., "X" is a quadric, the Hodge conjecture holds for all "m". For formula_46, i.e., fourfolds, the Hodge conjecture is known for formula_47.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: For most abelian varieties, the algebra Hdg*("X") is generated in degree one, so the Hodge conjecture holds. In particular, the Hodge conjecture holds for sufficiently general abelian varieties, for products of elliptic curves, and for simple abelian varieties of prime dimension. However, constructed an example of an abelian variety where Hdg("X") is not generated by products of divisor classes. generalized this example by showing that whenever the variety has complex multiplication by an imaginary quadratic field, then Hdg("X") is not generated by products of divisor classes. proved that in dimension less than 5, either Hdg*("X") is generated in degree one, or the variety has complex multiplication by an imaginary quadratic field. In the latter case, the Hodge conjecture is only known in special cases.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: This is now known to be false. The first counterexample was constructed by . Using K-theory, they constructed an example of a torsion cohomology class—that is, a cohomology class such that for some positive integer —which is not the class of an algebraic cycle. Such a class is necessarily a Hodge class. reinterpreted their result in the framework of cobordism and found many examples of such classes.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Equivalently, after dividing formula_48 by torsion classes, every class is the image of the cohomology class of an integral algebraic cycle. This is also false. found an example of a Hodge class which is not algebraic, but which has an integral multiple which is algebraic.


title: Hodge conjecture

text: This is too optimistic, because there are not enough subvarieties to make this work. A possible substitute is to ask instead one of the two following questions:


title: Hodge conjecture

text: Hodge made an additional, stronger conjecture than the integral Hodge conjecture. Say that a cohomology class on "X" is of "co-level c" (coniveau c) if it is the pushforward of a cohomology class on a "c"-codimensional subvariety of "X". The cohomology classes of co-level at least "c" filter the cohomology of "X", and it is easy to see that the "c"th step of the filtration "N'H"("X", Z) satisfies


title: Hodge conjecture

text: The strongest evidence in favor of the Hodge conjecture is the algebraicity result of . Suppose that we vary the complex structure of "X" over a simply connected base. Then the topological cohomology of "X" does not change, but the Hodge decomposition does change. It is known that if the Hodge conjecture is true, then the locus of all points on the base where the cohomology of a fiber is a Hodge class is in fact an algebraic subset, that is, it is cut out by polynomial equations. Cattani, Deligne & Kaplan (1995) proved that this is always true, without assuming the Hodge conjecture.


title: You Got It

text: "You Got It" is a song from American singer Roy Orbison's 22nd studio album, "Mystery Girl" (1989). The song was released posthumously on January 3, 1989, after Orbison's death from a heart attack on December 6, 1988. The song was issued with "The Only One" as the B-side and was later released with "Crying" (version with k.d. lang). The single reached number nine on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart, returning Orbison to the top 10 for the first time in 25 years. "You Got It" also reached number three on the UK Singles Chart in early 1989. Although it is an Orbison solo single, Orbison's fellow Traveling Wilburys bandmates, Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne, co-wrote the song and played instruments on the record.


title: You Got It

text: According to "The Authorized Roy Orbison", the song was recorded at guitarist Mike Campbell's garage in Los Angeles, California, and mixed at George Harrison's residence Friar Park in Henley-on-Thames, England. Orbison gave his only public rendition of the hit at the Diamond Awards Festival in Antwerp, Belgium, on November 19, 1988, just 17 days before his death and before the single was released. This footage was incorporated into the song's music video. A 2014 version incorporated videos of rehearsal and practice sessions.


title: You Got It

text: "You Got It" was written by Orbison and his Traveling Wilburys bandmates Jeff Lynne and Tom Petty. Their first songwriting collaboration, it was written during the Christmas season of 1987 and recorded in Mike Campbell's garage in Los Angeles, California, in April 1988. Lynne, Petty and Phil Jones provided other instrumentation and background vocals.


title: You Got It

text: The song became a hit again in 1995 for Bonnie Raitt, who recorded a version for the soundtrack of the film "Boys on the Side". In the United States, it peaked at number 33 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and spent two weeks at number 31 on the "Cash Box" Top 100. In Canada, "You Got It" peaked at number 11 and was the 62nd biggest hit of 1995.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: Fort Huachuca is a United States Army installation, established on 3 March 1877 as Camp Huachuca. The garrison is now under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command. It is in Cochise County in southeast Arizona, approximately north of the border with Mexico and at the northern end of the Huachuca Mountains, adjacent to the town of Sierra Vista. From 1913 to 1933, the fort was the base for the "Buffalo Soldiers" of the 10th Cavalry Regiment. During the build-up of World War II, the fort had quarters for more than 25,000 male soldiers and hundreds of WACs. In the 2010 census, Fort Huachuca had a population of about 6,500 active duty soldiers, 7,400 military family members, and 5,000 civilian employees. Fort Huachuca has over 18,000 people on post during weekday work hours.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: The major tenant units are the United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command (NETCOM) and the United States Army Intelligence Center. Libby Army Airfield is on post and shares its runway with Sierra Vista Municipal Airport. It was an alternate but never used landing location for the Space Shuttle. Fort Huachuca is the headquarters of Army Military Auxiliary Radio System. Other units include the Joint Interoperability Test Command, the Information Systems Engineering Command, the Electronic Proving Ground (USAEPG), and the Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Directorate.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: The fort has a radar-equipped aerostat (Tethered Aerostat Radar System), one of a series maintained for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) by Harris Corporation. The aerostat is northeast of Garden Canyon and supports the DEA drug interdiction mission by detecting low-flying aircraft attempting to enter the United States from Mexico. Fort Huachuca contains the Western Division of the Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center which is based at the 139th Airlift Wing, Rosecrans Air National Guard Base in Saint Joseph, Missouri.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: The installation was founded to counter the Chiricahua Apache threat and secure the border with Mexico during the Apache Wars. On 3 March 1877, Captain Samuel Marmaduke Whitside led two companies of the 6th Cavalry and chose a site at the base of the Huachuca Mountains that provided sheltering hills and a perennial stream. In 1882, Camp Huachuca was redesignated a fort.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: General Nelson A. Miles commanded Fort Huachuca as his headquarters in his campaign against Geronimo in 1886. After the surrender of Geronimo in 1886, the Apache threat was extinguished, but the army continued to operate Fort Huachuca because of its strategic border position. In 1913, the fort became the base for the "Buffalo Soldiers", the 10th Cavalry Regiment composed of African Americans. It served this purpose for twenty years. During General Pershing's failed Punitive Expedition of 1916–1917, he used the fort as a forward logistics and supply base. From 1916 to 1917, the base was commanded by Charles Young, the first African American to be promoted to colonel. He left for medical reasons. In 1933, the 25th Infantry Regiment replaced the 10th Cavalry at the fort.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: With the build-up during World War II, the fort had an area of , with quarters for 1,251 officers and 24,437 enlisted soldiers. The 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions, composed of African-American troops, trained at Huachuca.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: In 1947, the post was closed and turned over to the Arizona Game and Fish Department. However, at the outbreak of the Korean War, a January 1951 letter from the Secretary of the Air Force to the Governor of Arizona invoked the reversion clause of a 1949 deed. On 1 February 1951 the U.S. Air Force took official possession of Fort Huachuca, making it one of the few army installations to have had an existence as an air base. The army retook possession of the base a month later and reopened the post in May 1951 to train engineers in airfield construction as part of the Korean War build up. The engineers built today's Libby Army Airfield. On 1 May 1953, after the Korean War, the post was again placed on inactive status with only a caretaker detachment.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: On 1 February 1954, Huachuca was reactivated after a seven-month shut-down following the Korean War. It was the beginning of a new era for this one-time cavalry outpost, which saw Huachuca focused on electronic warfare. The army's Electronic Proving Ground opened in 1954, followed by the Army Security Agency Test and Evaluation Center in 1960, the Combat Surveillance and Target Acquisition Training Command in 1964, and the Electronic Warfare School in 1966. Also in 1966 the U.S. Army established the 1st Combat Support Training Brigade, whose mission was to train soldiers in the specialties of field wire and communication, telegraph communications (O5B wired and wireless), light tactical vehicle driving, wheeled vehicle maintenance, and food service and administration due to the expanding need for these skills in Vietnam.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: In 1967, Fort Huachuca became the headquarters of the U.S. Army Strategic Communications Command, which became the U.S. Army Communications Command in 1973, and U.S. Army Information Systems Command in 1984. It is now known as NETCOM after the army dropped the 9th Signal Command (Army) designation on 1 October 2011. NETCOM was realigned in 2014 as a subordinate command to United States Army Cyber Command from a direct reporting unit to the Headquarters, Department of the Army CIO/G6.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: Fort Huachuca was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 for its role in ending the Apache Wars, the last major military actions against Native Americans, and as the site of the Buffalo Soldiers. Fort Huachuca maintains a cemetery known as the Fort Huachuca Post Cemetery. Some 3,800 veterans and family members are buried there.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: In 1980, the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR) conducted aircraft training exercises from Fort Huachuca in preparation for Operation Honey Badger. This operation aimed to rescue captive American personnel in Iran. It was developed in the wake of Operation Eagle Claw's failure. The environment near the fort enabled 160th SOAR pilots to train and simulate flying in the mountainous desert terrain of Iran.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: Fort Huachuca has two museums in three buildings on post. The Ft. Huachuca Museum occupies two buildings on Old Post, its main museum and gift shop (Building 41401), and a nearby spillover gallery called the Museum Annex (building 41305). It tells the story of Fort Huachuca and the U.S. Army in the American Southwest, with special emphasis on the Buffalo Soldiers and the Apache War. The Annex across the street (Old Post Theater) has outdoor displays, walkways, sitting areas, and historical statues.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: The second museum is The U.S. Army Intelligence Museum, in the military intelligence (MI) Library on the MI school campus (Hatfield Street – Building 62723). The museum has a collection of historical artifacts including agent radio communication gear, aerial cameras, cryptographic equipment, an Enigma Code machine, two small drones and a section of the Berlin Wall. The museum's emphasis is on U.S. Army military intelligence history and includes displays of the organizational development of army intelligence. There is a small military intelligence gift shop with customized Fort Huachuca souvenirs.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: All visitors, military or civilian, are welcome at the Ft. Huachuca Museum free of charge. Civilian visitors without a DoD ID card must pass a criminal background check before being allowed to pass the gate. Foreign visitors must be escorted by active duty or retired military personnel.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: Fort Huachuca has a rich tradition in Army Signal and is currently home to NETCOM whose mission is to plan, engineer, install, integrate, protect, defend and operate army cyberspace, enabling mission command through all phases of operations. It used to be home to the 11th Signal Brigade. The 11th Signal Brigade has the mission of rapidly deploying worldwide to provide and protect command, control, communications, and computer support for commanders. They were deployed to provide signal operations during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. On 7 June 2013, the unit moved to Fort Hood, Texas. The Army Electronic Proving Ground (USAEPG), a forerunner in the research and development of defense technology, was conducted at Ft. Huachuca for several decades. The software-defined radios, Wideband Networking Waveform, and the Soldier Radio Waveform, were tested at USAEPG in 2014 for a network integration evaluation, NIE 15.2, at Fort Bliss, in 2015.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: In addition to the US Army Intelligence Center, Fort Huachuca is the home of the 111th Military Intelligence Brigade, which conducts MI training for the armed services. The Military Intelligence Officer Basic Leadership Course, Military Intelligence Captain's Career Course, and the Warrant Officer Basic and Advanced Courses are taught on the installation. The army's MI branch also held the responsibility for unmanned aerial vehicles until April 2006. The program was reassigned to the Aviation branch's 1st Battalion, 210th Aviation Regiment, now 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation Regiment. Additional training in human intelligence (e.g., interrogation, counterintelligence), imagery intelligence, and electronic intelligence and analysis is also conducted by the 111th. The 111th MI Brigade hosts the Joint Intelligence Combat Training Center at Fort Huachuca.


title: Fort Huachuca

text: Fort Huachuca Accommodation Schools is the school district for dependent children living on the base. The schools are: Colonel Johnston Elementary School (K-2), General Myer Elementary School (3-5), and Colonel Smith Middle School (6-8). The zoned high school is Buena High School, operated by the Sierra Vista Unified School District, in Sierra Vista.


title: Alive II

text: Alive II is the second live album by American hard rock band Kiss, released on October 14, 1977, by Casablanca Records. The band had released three albums ("Destroyer", "Rock and Roll Over", and "Love Gun") since the previous live outing, the 1975 release "Alive!", so they drew upon the variety of new tracks, with Eddie Kramer producing. The album is one of the best selling in the Kiss discography, being the band's first to be certified double platinum in February 1996, the same month the Kiss reunion was announced. It has remained a solid seller in the US in the Soundscan era, selling over 300,000 copies from 1991 and to March 2012.


title: Alive II

text: The origins of "Alive II" go back to early 1977 when the band's manager Bill Aucoin suggested that Kramer record a live album during the evening show at Budokan Hall in Tokyo, Japan on April 2, 1977. The plan was to release a live album to give Kiss some much-deserved time off before recording the album that would become "Love Gun" later that autumn. Kramer finished work on the album, but Casablanca and Kiss deemed it unusable, and the band forged ahead with their "Love Gun" sessions.


title: Alive II

text: Most of the live tracks on "Alive II" were recorded during the band's August 26–28 shows at the Forum while on their Love Gun Tour. The 3 p.m. soundchecks at the August 26 and 27 shows were recorded and later used on the album (i.e. "I Stole Your Love" with crowd noise being dubbed in later). "Beth" and "I Want You" were lifted from the aborted Japanese live album and used on the finished "Alive II". As the band did not want to duplicate songs included on "Alive!", the songs chosen for the three live sides of the album were all drawn from Kiss' three preceding studio albums: "Destroyer", "Rock and Roll Over" and "Love Gun".


title: Alive II

text: On the original double album, the songs on side 4 (tracks 6–10 on the second CD) are tracks recorded live without the audience at Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey, and overdubbed and mixed at Electric Lady Studios in New York City in September 13–16, 1977. Although Ace Frehley was originally credited for lead guitar on the studio tracks, the remastered version released in 1997 confirmed what had been speculated by Kiss fans for years: Bob Kulick played lead guitar on the tracks "All American Man", "Rockin' in the U.S.A." and "Larger Than Life". "Rockin' in the USA" had references to both the previous year's "Spirit of 76" main act European debut in England, France, Germany and Denmark and to that spring's Japan debut. Frehley's sole involvement for the studio songs was "Rocket Ride" (originally written for a solo album), on which he sang lead vocals and played both guitar and bass guitar. Paul Stanley played all guitars on "Any Way You Want It", which was originally recorded by the Dave Clark Five in 1964.


title: Alive II

text: Several early copies of the album's cover featured a rare misprint of three additional songs ("Take Me", "Hooligan" and "Do You Love Me?") with a slightly altered song order. None of these additional songs appeared on the LP. On the misprint, "Take Me" is after "Detroit Rock City", with "King of the Night Time World" appearing after "Ladies Room" on side one. Side two features "Hooligan" after "Shock Me", which is placed after "Hard Luck Woman". On side three, "Do You Love Me?" appears after "God of Thunder", with "Beth" between "I Want You" and "Shout It Out Loud". "Hooligan" and "Take Me" were performed on the 1977 Love Gun tour, and "Do You Love Me?" was performed on the Japanese tour that same year, making their consideration for inclusion with the second live album possible.


title: Alive II

text: The original vinyl issue of "Alive II" was a 2-LP set with a gatefold cover and picture inner sleeves. Continuing the Kiss tradition of including promotional items with their albums, "Alive II" was packaged with a full-color booklet titled "The Evolution of Kiss" and a set of temporary transfer tattoos in a cartoon style. The tattoos depicted the band logo, Kiss Army logo, band member heads, member signatures and symbols. The symbols were meant to represent the four personas of the group and included a skull and crossbones for Gene Simmons, a rose and star with an eye for Stanley, a Saturn-like planet and block print-style "ACE" for Frehley, and a drum and cat's head for Peter Criss. The rose and "ACE" are copies of Stanley and Frehley's actual tattoos, respectively. A merchandise order form was also included with the album, listing an array of official Kiss merchandise as well as a chance to "enlist" in the Kiss Army. The inner sleeves depicted crazed Kiss fans in a confetti storm and the band's album discography to date.


title: Alive II

text: "Alive II" was originally reissued as a double-CD set in what has now become known as a "fatboy" 2CD case. When the Kiss back catalog was remastered, it was housed in a slimline 2CD case and, in keeping with the rest of the reissue program, had the artwork restored. This included the set of tattoos. The booklet "The Evolution of Kiss"' and the picture inner sleeves were incorporated as part of the CD booklet. "Alive II" was re-released in 2006 as part of "Kiss Alive! 1975-2000". It included "Rock and Roll All Nite" (single edit version) as a bonus track. The short running time of "Alive II" allowed for a single CD edition in the latest release.


title: Alive II

text: Coming off of a period of extensive touring, "Alive II" received a huge fan response and critical acclaim, reaching the No. 7 spot on the "Billboard" 200 chart.


title: Alive II

text: In a contemporary review, John Swenson of "Rolling Stone" criticized Kiss for copying the live performances of The Rolling Stones and The Who, but acknowledged the band's "improved instrumental technique" and attitude, concluding that ""Alive II" captures the essence of live rock & roll very well".


title: Alive II

text: Modern reviews are generally positive. Critic Greg Prato of AllMusic remarked that several tracks such as "Detroit Rock City", "Shock Me" and "Shout It Out Loud" featured an "adrenaline-charged" vibe. He lauded the album for showing the group in its element as an "exciting live band". Jason Josephes of "Pitchfork" considered "Alive II" "not a bad album, but definitely not essential." Martin Popoff called it "a loud-and-proud document to what would be, hands down, the most exciting year for the communion of this band and their Kiss Army planned fans."


title: Who Killed Kurt Cobain?

text: Who Killed Kurt Cobain?: The Mysterious Death of an Icon is a 1998 book that explores the premise that the death of Kurt Cobain, frontman of American rock band Nirvana, was a case of murder and not suicide. It is a collaborative investigative journalism book written by Ian Halperin and Max Wallace. It went on to be an international bestseller.


title: Who Killed Kurt Cobain?

text: The book explores the theory that Cobain's wife, Courtney Love, had been involved in his death and that he died of a heroin overdose before being shot, contrary to the official police report that he died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The authors present evidence from Tom Grant who was the private detective initially hired by Love to monitor Cobain, as well as a man named El Duce who claims he was hired to kill Cobain. The latter claimed that he was offered $50,000 to kill Cobain and allegedly passed a lie detector test in this statement that was carried out by the world's top polygraphist. The second edition of the book, released in 2000, also details how Love tried to stop the book being released as well as trying to stop the 1998 documentary, "Kurt & Courtney", from being released which also explores the possibility that Cobain's death was murder, not suicide.


title: Who Killed Kurt Cobain?

text: In an interview with "The New York Times", author Ian Halperin said that he had received a lot more than just letters trying to deter him from writing the book, and that "I've been dogged for two years" and that "I've had private investigators follow me. They've showed up in my back yard and broken into and ransacked my home. I couldn't be bought or shut up".


title: Who Killed Kurt Cobain?

text: The book was an international bestseller. A brief but negative review by British newspaper "The Independent" stated that "Speaking of tragedies, Who Killed Kurt Cobain? by Ian Halperin and Max Wallace, reveals the shocking truth that the Nirvana singer's middle name was Donald. Oh, they also conclude that he might have been murdered and that Courtney Love might know who did it (so that's saved you reading the thing)". According to a review by nirvanadiscography.com, the first ten chapters of the book can be informative to those interested in conspiracy theories and that the book is the source of a lot of the information used by those in the pro-murder/anti-Courtney Love side of the issue. In a review by "Deseret News" the book is described as having a patchwork of evidence assembled by the authors which "suggests" but does not state "otherwise", and that the book is simply about suspicion, implication and possibility.


title: William Pierce (serial killer)

text: William Joseph "Junior" Pierce Jr. (October 11, 1931 – May 31, 2020) was an American criminal and serial killer who committed a series of at least 9 murders in three states from June 1970 to January 1971. After his capture, he admitted his guilt, was convicted and sentenced to several terms of life imprisonment. In 1974, Pierce refuted his confession, but all of his subsequent appeals for a retrial were denied.


title: William Pierce (serial killer)

text: William Pierce, Jr. was born on October 11, 1931, in rural Midville, Georgia. As a result of the Great Depression, his family experienced great financial difficulties and William, Jr. spent his childhood in hunger and poverty. His mother was an authoritarian parent that caused frequent conflicts with his father. After his parents 1945 divorce Pierce’s mother began to beat him causing intense emotional stress. In his school years, Pierce underwent an IQ test that determined he had an IQ of 70. In 1948 he dropped out of school after the 9th grade and took a job as a road worker for the Department of Transport and Road Facilities. After a year he quit and enlisted in the Army. Three months after his enlistment his mother submitted a number of medical reports and certificates from doctors to the administration of the base on which Pierce was serving. He was subsequently discharged for health reasons, despite the dubious provenance of the documentation. After his discharge Junior returned home and worked at a local car rental service where he was characterized positively. However, because of his inadequate communication skills, he appeared stiff and awkward and was unpopular with the locals. In this period, he married and quickly divorced, moved to neighboring Swainsboro, and found work at a furniture factory followed by other low-skill jobs.


title: William Pierce (serial killer)

text: At some point in the late 1950s Pierce suffered a head injury in an industrial accident. He was diagnosed with a concussion, after which he began to exhibit deviant behavior towards others and showed signs of a personality disorder, characterized by a conviction for his own uniqueness, superiority over others and an overestimation of his talents and achievements. Soon after he began to lead a criminal lifestyle and committed thefts. In early 1959 he was arrested for theft, convicted on July 27 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. After serving 32 months Pierce was paroled in late 1961. A few weeks after his release, he was arrested for robbery and arson of a store and in 1962 was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment with a possibility of parole after 10 years. During his detention he showed signs of mental illness and, after an examination, a psychologist's report stated that he "may be dangerous to himself and others." Nonetheless, on account of his good behavior and lack of disciplinary action over the years, Pierce was granted parole and released in May 1970.