title: Nothing

text: The idea that space can actually be empty was generally still not accepted by philosophers who invoked arguments similar to the plenum reasoning. Although Descartes views on this were challenged by Blaise Pascal, he declined to overturn the traditional belief, "horror vacui", commonly stated as "nature abhors a vacuum". This remained so until Evangelista Torricelli invented the barometer in 1643 and showed that an empty space appeared if the mercury tube was turned upside down. This phenomenon being known as the Torricelli vacuum and the unit of vacuum pressure, the torr, being named after him. Even Torricelli's teacher, the famous Galileo Galilei had previously been unable to adequately explain the sucking action of a pump.


title: Nothing

text: John the Scot, or Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 815–877) held many surprisingly heretical beliefs for the time he lived in for which no action appears ever to have been taken against him. His ideas mostly stem from, or are based on his work of translating pseudo-Dionysius. His beliefs are essentially pantheist and he classifies evil, amongst many other things, into "not-being". This is done on the grounds that evil is the opposite of good, a quality of God, but God can have no opposite, since God is everything in the pantheist view of the world. Similarly, the idea that God created the world out of "nothing" is to be interpreted as meaning that the "nothing" here is synonymous with God.


title: Nothing

text: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) is the philosopher who brought the dialectical method to a new pinnacle of development. According to Hegel in "Science of Logic", the dialectical methods consists of three steps. First, a thesis is given, which can be any proposition in logic. Second, the antithesis of the thesis is formed and, finally, a synthesis incorporating both thesis and antithesis. Hegel believed that no proposition taken by itself can be completely true. Only the whole can be true, and the dialectical synthesis was the means by which the whole could be examined in relation to a specific proposition. Truth consists of the whole process. Separating out thesis, antithesis, or synthesis as a stand-alone statement results in something that is in some way or other untrue. The concept of "nothing" arises in Hegel right at the beginning of his "Logic". The whole is called by Hegel the "Absolute" and is to be viewed as something spiritual. Hegel then has:


title: Nothing

text: The most prominent figure among the existentialists is Jean-Paul Sartre, whose ideas in his book "Being and Nothingness" ("L'être et le néant") are heavily influenced by "Being and Time" ("Sein und Zeit") of Martin Heidegger, although Heidegger later stated that he was misunderstood by Sartre. Sartre defines two kinds of "being" (être). One kind is "être-en-soi", the brute existence of things such as a tree. The other kind is "être-pour-soi" which is consciousness. Sartre claims that this second kind of being is "nothing" since consciousness cannot be an object of consciousness and can possess no essence. Sartre, and even more so, Jaques Lacan, use this conception of nothing as the foundation of their atheist philosophy. Equating nothingness with being leads to creation from nothing and hence God is no longer needed for there to be existence.


title: Nothing

text: The understanding of "nothing" varies widely between cultures, especially between Western and Eastern cultures and philosophical traditions. For instance, "Śūnyatā" (emptiness), unlike "nothingness", is considered to be a state of mind in some forms of Buddhism (see Nirvana, mu, and Bodhi). Achieving "nothing" as a state of mind in this tradition allows one to be totally focused on a thought or activity at a level of intensity that they would not be able to achieve if they were consciously thinking. A classic example of this is an archer attempting to erase the mind and clear the thoughts to better focus on the shot. Some authors have pointed to similarities between the Buddhist conception of nothingness and the ideas of Martin Heidegger and existentialists like Sartre, although this connection has not been explicitly made by the philosophers themselves.


title: Nothing

text: In some Eastern philosophies, the concept of "nothingness" is characterized by an egoless state of being in which one fully realizes one's own small part in the cosmos.


title: Nothing

text: Despite the proven existence of vacuum, scientists through the 17th to 19th centuries thought there must be a medium pervading all space that allowed the transmission of light or gravity. Thus, in this period, it was not accepted that complete "nothing" was possible. Theories describing such a medium are collectively known as aether theories, so named as an evocation of the aether, the classical element from Greek philosophy. In particular, the medium that is supposed to allow the transmission of light is called the luminiferous aether. This became the centre of attention after James Clerk Maxwell proposed that light was an electromagnetic wave in 1865.


title: Nothing

text: Early aether theories include those of Robert Hooke (1665) and Christiaan Huygens (1690). Newton also had an aether theory, but to Newton, it was not the medium of transmission since he theorised light was composed of "corpuscles" which moved by simple mechanical motion. He needed the aether instead to explain refraction. Early theories generally proposed a mechanical medium of some sort, allowing the possibility of the same medium supporting both light and gravity. Proof that light has a wave nature, rather than Newton's corpuscles, was provided by Thomas Young in his 1803 interference experiment, seemingly confirming the need for an aether. The most well known attempt to detect the existence of the aether was conducted by Albert A. Michelson in an experiment of 1881, later repeated with Edward W. Morley in 1887 with more precision. This failed to show the desired effect, but reluctant to abandon the aether theory, various attempts where made to modify it to account for the Michelson-Morley result. Finally, Albert Einstein, building on the work of Hendrik Lorentz, published his theory of special relativity in 1905 which dispenses entirely with the need for a luminiferous aether to explain the transmission of light.


title: Nothing

text: Although a physical medium was no longer required, the concept of aether still did not entirely vanish. It remained necessary to assign properties to the vacuum for various purposes. In some respects "vacuum" and "aether" are treated as synonyms by science. In modern quantum field theory, a completely empty vacuum is not at zero-point energy, the lowest possible energy state. First proposed by Paul Dirac in 1927, the lowest energy state has constant random vacuum fluctuations which bring into existence short-lived virtual particles. This is somewhat reminiscent of early philosophical plenum ideas, and means that "vacuum" and "nothing" are certainly not synonyms.


title: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (album)

text: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers is the debut album by the band of the same name, released on November 9, 1976, by Shelter Records. The album was recorded and mixed at the Shelter Studio in Hollywood, California.


title: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (album)

text: Initially following its release, the album received little attention in the United States. Following a British tour, it climbed to No. 24 on the UK albums chart and the single "Anything That's Rock 'n' Roll" became a hit in the UK. After nearly a year and many positive reviews, the album reached the U.S. charts, where it peaked at No. 55 in 1978 and eventually went Gold.


title: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (album)

text: "Breakdown" was released as the lead single and cracked the Top 40 in the U.S. and "American Girl" became one of the band's signature songs.


title: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (album)

text: Reviewing in "" (1981), Robert Christgau said, "Addicts of updated nostalgia and rock and roll readymades should find this a sly and authentic commentary on the evolving dilemma of Harold Teen. The songs are cute, the riffs executed with more dynamism than usual, and the singing attractively phlegmy. And like they say at the end of other cartoons, that's all, folks." The album was included in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die".


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Club Penguin Island was a massively-multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) and was considered a successor to "Club Penguin". The game was released worldwide on March 29, 2017 and was created by Disney Canada Inc. in order to keep the "Club Penguin" franchise alive as closing its predecessor, "Club Penguin", was necessary.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: The game's public beta testing period took place in Australia and New Zealand from December 15, 2016 to its worldwide release, and in Canada from January 13, 2017 to its worldwide release. The game was discontinued on December 20, 2018. The gameplay is similar to that of the original "Club Penguin", though it runs on the game engine Unity rather than Adobe Flash Player.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: "Club Penguin Island" received mixed reviews from critics and many negative reviews from some of the original game's old players upon its worldwide release for lacking many features of the original version at launch. The 1.8 updates, released on November 30, 2017, received positive reviews for adding fan-requested features and launching a PC and Mac version of the game.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: On September 27, 2018, Disney confirmed the imminent discontinuation of "Club Penguin Island" in a letter obtained by the website Kotaku, as well as in an official blog post. It was removed from Google Play and the App Store on November 20, 2018. Downloading for Desktop was also removed on December 20, 2018.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: On November 5, 2018, the final update, version 1.13.0, was released, which included an offline mode, effectively making the game still available as a single-player experience. At 10:00 AM PST on December 20, 2018, "Club Penguin Island" had shut down their servers. All users that were playing "Club Penguin Island" at the time received an error message telling them that the connection was lost. Offline Mode was activated on December 21, 2018. Most of "Club Penguin Island"s URLs redirect to the official Disney website.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: The game was originally known under the code name of "Project: Super Secret", first used in 2014 and teased with sneak peeks in June 2015. However, "Project: Super Secret" was initially said to be "Disney Mix", with the game's actual development confirmed to have started in 2015. On November 17, 2016, the project was revealed to be "Club Penguin Island". The official website for the game was released and pre-registration began allowing players to pre-register their account for the game. By pre-registering, players would receive a Beta Hat, a set of six emojis, and 100 coins. Additionally, players had the option of connecting their "Club Penguin" accounts with their "Club Penguin Island" account. If this was done, they would also receive the Alumni Jacket, with a number on the back displaying how many years the connected "Club Penguin" account has existed. The pre-registration was ended on March 29, 2017.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: A semi-private "geo-beta" took place in Australia and New Zealand between December 15, 2016 to its worldwide release. This beta was extended to iOS users in Canada on January 13, 2017.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: The original Flash game's servers went offline on the day of the game's release on March 30, 2017 at 12:01:39 AM PDT (7:01:39 AM UTC).


title: Club Penguin Island

text: On November 13, 2017, it was announced in a live stream on the official Facebook page of the game that a desktop version of "Club Penguin Island" would be released the same day the 1.8 update releases at.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: On November 30, 2017, the desktop version was launched as an open beta, allowing players to report bugs in preparation for a full release at a later date.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: On September 27, 2018, Disney confirmed in a letter to Disney Canada, obtained by the website Kotaku, that "Club Penguin Island" would be shutting down. Disney HR cited "global competition" as a factor in their decision.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: In addition to the shutdown, the entire Club Penguin team, based out of Kelowna, British Columbia, was laid off, despite being greenlit for two more years of work only three weeks prior to the announcement of the shutdown.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: On October 12, 2018, the shutdown date was confirmed to be December 20, 2018. Two last parties were also announced, being the Halloween Party 2018 and Waddle On Party.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: The Mobile App was removed from the Google Play Store and App Store on November 20, 2018, one month prior to the server shutdown.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Offline mode was launched on December 21, allowing the player's account/penguin to be saved after the shutdown.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: "Club Penguin Island" is divided into various zones and distinct areas and contains a variety of features. Each player has a penguin level that is a measurement of their progress. Progress increases as the player completes Adventures and Daily Challenges. Every time a player reaches a new level, they receive a reward in the form of a pack, containing various items, such as emojis or blueprints. All rewards apart from emojis in these packs require membership to use.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: The Clothing Customizer, referred to as The Designer in loading screens, is a feature in Club Penguin Island that players can use to create clothing, utilizing blueprints as bases, and optionally, fabrics and/or decals as well for design. All players can use the Customizer, although only members can wear the resulting clothing. Members have the ability to sell their clothing and buy clothing submitted by other players. Each day, there is a different type of catalog, with a theme. The theme of the catalog determines which blueprints, fabrics, and decals can be used. The theme resets at midnight in Penguin Standard Time. (PST)


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Adventures, also known as quests, and prefixed with ep. (short for episode) are activities in Club Penguin Island that players may partake in, and are received by talking to specific quest characters. Adventures involve players traveling around the island, completing tasks, and solving problems. Completing adventures yields coins and XP, and often various other rewards as well, such as a unique item or blueprints. Members are able to take part in every adventure. However, non-members are limited to taking part in one adventure from each character.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Daily Challenges are activities in Club Penguin Island that players may partake in daily. Each challenge requires players to perform certain actions in order to complete, and each yields a reward in coins and XP, although some community challenges do not yield XP. There are a set of four challenges per day, and these challenges change every midnight in PST but are always in the same set of four. They can be accessed through the Island Live Phone, which displays a tab of the day's challenges. Completing challenges is one of the ways players can gain levels.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Scattered throughout the island are collectible items that can be exchanged for coins at the Beacon Boardwalk. Each collectible has a certain coin exchange rate, location where they are available, amount available per area, and respawn time after collecting.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Each player is provided with an igloo for a home which both members and non-members are able to customize. Members have the ability to choose from many variants of igloos as well as purchase items from a full catalog of furniture, landscaping, terrain, interactives, and more. Non-members are able to purchase two types of igloos and non-member items from the catalog. Items can be bought with virtual coins that are earned by playing mini-games, collecting coins throughout the zones, and trading in collectibles at the exchange. Like its predecessor, Club Penguin, anyone can access a players igloo on Club Penguin Island by clicking the igloo icon on their profile, provided the player has selected to make their igloo public.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Gear is a type of item that members can use to perform various actions. Gear that is obtained through leveling-up or adventures is portable and can be used anywhere on the island. There is also gear that can be found in certain locations and can be used even if the player has yet to obtain it. Non-members can only use the jackhammer gear.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Several events were held on Club Penguin Island. In most cases, one or more free items were made available for everyone to obtain. Some events came with quests that all players were able to participate in. One example of this was the Halloween party. Like its predecessor, the game also hosted some sponsored events.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Party Supplies are consumable items that can be bought at shops by members, and can be used, each with varying effects. Party Supplies include items such as fireworks, edible items, and party games.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Club Penguin Island contains a variety of games, eight of which are available for all players. Most of these games reward the players with coins and XP upon completion. Both members and non-members are able to purchase and use the party games Marble Hunt, Ink or Swim, and Fossil Four. There are also games that are built-in to the Club Penguin Island zones. Team Dance Battle is a multiplayer memorization game that everyone is able to play with the maximum limit of players in each round being a total of twenty, and at the minimum, one player in each team. Tube racing is a multiplayer racing game that is played by everyone on the top of Mt. Blizzard every couple of minutes. Other games for everyone include the Sea Caves Race Course, the Crate Co. Target Game and Tilt-o-Tube, which involves players trying to knock their opponents off a floating platform.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Island Live is a feature added in the 1.8 update of the game. It's the successor of the CPI Phone that was added in the 1.2 update. It can be accessed by clicking on a Phone icon. It shows information about live events taking place on Club Penguin Island, displays Daily Challenges and contains a variety of apps, like a Friends menu, Island News, and Settings.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Club Penguin Island's revenue was raised predominantly through paid subscriptions, cheaper than its predecessor, of a one-week, one-month, three-month, six-month or twelve-month paid membership, although free access of the game is available. Membership allows players' access to a range of additional features. This includes designing all clothing, wearing all clothing, buying Party Supplies, playing all adventures, completing all Daily Challenges, the ability to use all gear and more. Penguins with a paid membership are called "members", whereas players who do not have a membership are referred to as "non-members".


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Although members gain additional features, players without a membership can obtain all event items whether they're a member or not, obtain wearable event shirts, customize certain items in the Clothing Customizer, play the first adventure of every quest giving character, use Party Supplies given to them by members, customize an igloo (of which anyone is able to visit) with any quantity from a selection of non-member igloo items, play all mini-games, use the jackhammer gear, buy and play party games, join tube races, waddle around anywhere on the island, chat with other players, reach the maximum Penguin Level, and take part in non-member Daily Challenges. After the 1.10.1 update, non-members who signed up during the pre-registration period are now able to wear the beta hat, and if they connected their Club Penguin usernames for use in Club Penguin Island, their alumni jacket too.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: All players automatically received a free, unlimited membership on November 5, 2018, which would carry over to Offline Mode. Refunds were processed for memberships extending beyond November 6, 2018.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: Offline Mode was added to Club Penguin Island in the game's final update, and it was activated on December 21, 2018. It allowed players to login to a limited version of the game, which stored their penguins on their devices. Players were unable to see or interact with any other penguins in the game.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: A new feature called Debug Mode was also added, which is a tool that Club Penguin Island's developers used to test the game. It allows players to teleport to different locations in the game, add a custom number of coins to their account, and import/export their player data – among other tweaks. The network menu allows players to create their own private server using SmartFoxServer (similarly to private servers from the original Club Penguin), however there is no documentation on how to do so. A content submenu also appeared on March 28, 2019, which allows players to customize the game.


title: Club Penguin Island

text: The game was nominated for "Best Music in a Casual/Social Game" at the 16th Annual Game Audio Network Guild Awards.


title: The Kiffness

text: David Scott (born 11 February 1988), also known by his stagename as The Kiffness, is a South African musician, producer and parody artist who is the founder and lead singer for the band, The Kiffness. Despite the name of the band, Scott is referred to as The Kiffness alone.


title: The Kiffness

text: In 2004, Scott was a member of the KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir. Scott was educated at Michaelhouse school and went to the University of the Witwatersrand to study medicine. However, he dropped out and switched to studying music and philosophy at Rhodes University while working as a DJ and playing in a jazz band. In 2013, he released his first single "Where are You Going?" with Matthew Gold, which made the 5FM Top 40. Their album "Kiff" was nominated at the 21st South African Music Awards in 2015 and again in 2017. He usually performs wearing a floral custom suit that he had made in Hội An, Vietnam, with a material selected by his wife and himself as it resembled his grandmother's curtains.


title: The Kiffness

text: Scott creates satirical songs that are mostly aimed at South African political issues. In 2017, he released a song called "White Privilege" as an attempt to make white South Africans more socially aware. In 2018, he filmed a video for his Afrikaans song "Pragtig Meisie" with a picture of the Afrikaner nationalist singer Steve Hofmeyr's face on a blow-up doll.


title: The Kiffness

text: In 2019, Scott banned the South African Broadcasting Corporation from playing his music when it emerged they had not been paying musicians for playing their songs and he alleged he was owed R60,000. In the same year, he embarked upon a solo career. In 2020, The Kiffness parodied the national anthem of South Africa for a song called "Nkosazan' Dlamini Trafficker" as part of a criticism of Minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma's ban on the sale of cigarettes in South Africa during the COVID-19 lockdown. The Ekurhuleni mayor Mzwandile Masina criticised him for doing it to the anthem claiming it was "racist". Scott and Masina later discussed it over the phone with Scott defending it as satire. He also wrote other lockdown parody songs and created a parody of "Jerusalema" aimed at the Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema following EFF activists attacking Clicks shops over a shampoo advertisement which they considered racist.


title: The Kiffness

text: In late 2020, he collaborated with the Turkish musician Bilal Göregen in creating a remix of Göregen's rendition of "Ievan polkka" that went viral on YouTube. In 2021, he created a song parodying Miriam Makeba's "The Click Song" to assist people with pronouncing the new names of Port Elizabeth, King William's Town and Maclear after the South African government changed them.


title: The Kiffness

text: During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Scott supported Ukraine by remixing the Ukrainian folk song "Oh, the Red Viburnum in the Meadow" performed by Boombox frontman Andriy Khlyvnyuk. The latter cancelled his American tour to defend his country against the invasion by Russian Armed Forces. Royalties from this remix will be donated to humanitarian aid for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: The Maruti Suzuki Alto is a city car manufactured and marketed by Suzuki through its subsidiary Maruti Suzuki primarily for the Indian market since 2000. The first-generation model was essentially the Indian version of the fifth-generation Suzuki Alto kei car (with larger engine options). The second generation was made as a standalone model, which was built on the same platform as the first generation. The third-generation model is built on the same underpinnings as the S-Presso.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: Since 2006, the Alto has been India's best-selling car and crossed the 1 million production figure in February 2008 becoming the third Maruti model to cross the million mark in India after Maruti 800 and Maruti Omni and fourth overall joining Hyundai Santro.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: The first generation was launched to the local Indian market on 27 September 2000 although the Alto nameplate had been successfully used to export the Maruti Suzuki Zen to Europe from India since around 1994, having captured over 40% market share in Belgium and 33% in Netherlands by 1998. The original Alto 800 carries the RF308 chassis code while the three-cylinder K10 is RF310; the four-cylinder export version is RF410.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: The Alto was seen as a natural successor to the time-tested and equally popular Maruti 800 (MB 308). It contained all the plus points that the 800 offered Indian car-buyers, in addition to features such as power-steering, power-assisted braking and a 5th gear that the 800 did not normally have. The popularity of the Alto has steadily increased over the past few years, mainly due to the aggressive pricing. This reduction in prices has mainly come in due to the reduction in excise duty over time. Alto became the first car in India to sell over 200,000 units in a single financial year, the last 100,000 units being sold in 5 months. Alto was also the only car to sell over 22,000 units in a single month. Maruti's vast network of dealerships and Maruti Authorized Service Centers (MASS) have also contributed towards this massive popularity in the Indian entry-level automobile market.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: Maruti Suzuki India launched a new version of the first generation Alto in the Indian auto market in August 2010, the Alto K10. The new Maruti Alto K10 is equipped with the company's 1.0-litre, K-series DOHC inline-three petrol engine which also powered the Celerio and Wagon R, mated to a five-speed manual transmission. The K10B engine delivers of maximum power at 6200 rpm with of maximum torque at 3200 rpm. The K10 has a redesigned front end, with more sculpted headlights. This spelled the end for the F10-engined model, while the F8-engined Alto was replaced by the all new Alto 800 in late 2012. The Alto K10 remained in production until 2014.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: This model, using the fuel injected 1061 cc "F10D" engine, entered the European market at the March 2002 Geneva Motor Show. Being built in India by Maruti, it was only available with five doors, unlike earlier Maruti Zen-based Altos in Europe. Unlike in India, European model Alto was available with a 3-speed automatic transmission option. The car was discontinued in 2006.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: Until the late 2010 introduction of the K10 Alto, it was powered by a three-cylinder gasoline engine with four valves per cylinder, MPFI and a 32bit ECM. All models have a five-speed manual transmission. There also used to be a VX/VXi model (RF410) with a four-cylinder 1061-cc engine with and torque, launched in April 2001. This has now been discontinued, although it was sold for longer in certain European countries. The VX model also featured a tachometer not found in lesser Altos.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: The Indian-made K10 version in its most basic Latin American configuration with no airbags was crash tested by Latin NCAP in 2013. It received 0 stars for the adult occupant and 3 stars for child occupant. The car is not equipped with airbags, front seatbelts with pretensioner, ISOFIX or ABS.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: A new version of the Alto called the Alto 800 was released in the Indian car market on 16 October 2012. The Alto 800, model code AOD308, is still based on the previous generation's platform (which is still based on the 1998 Alto kei car) has all-new bodywork and interior. It replaced the first generation Maruti Alto (although the predecessor continued to be produced for a little longer), and while keeping the engine, there have been several modifications. The price of the Alto, already India's best-selling car, was actually lowered with the model change. Various methods were found to lower the price, including the lowering of the weight of each individual component by one gram each, and also by building their own robots for manufacturing the car. This is also sold as the Suzuki Alto 800 in many export markets. In May 2016, refurbished version of Alto 800 has been introduced with notable changes to the exteriors, interiors, features and specifications. The new Maruti Alto 800 comes with an improved fuel efficiency. It is now capable of returning a mileage of 24.7 km/L. In April 2019, the car received another improvement.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: Maruti Suzuki then launched a K10-powered version of the second generation Alto (AOD310) on 3 November 2014. Introduced at a base price of Rs. 3.06 Lakh, the next gen Alto K10 comes with multiple exterior and interiors updates, however mechanically it remains same. The car is a somewhat upgraded version of the Alto 800 with a new front fascia comprising a new chrome fitted front grille, new swept back headlamps, and a redesigned bonnet line. There are also amendments for tail lights, restructuring of bumpers, 13 inch wheels, door mirrors, door moulding and some other minor modifications. Interiors too have been updated, with a new dashboard, three-spoke steering wheel, refined upholstery, black finished music system and a better looking instrument cluster. Other added features inside the car include front power windows, 12 V power socket, internally adjustable door mirrors, headlamp warning buzzer, key off reminder and gearshift indicator.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: Powering the 2015 Alto K10 is the same 1.0-litre K10B engine that also powers the Celerio and Wagon R. However, this time it has been tuned to provide better fuel economy, and the new Alto K10 returns an ARAI-certified fuel economy of 24.06 km/L, 15 percent better than the outgoing model. The Alto K10 facelift is available with two different transmission; 5-speed manual and 5-speed Auto Gear Shift (AGS) transmission. The AGS is an automated manual transmission technology, which shifts gear with the help of an ECU mapped actuator on pre-defined engine speeds. It also allows driver to shift gears when required.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: The Alto K10 was discontinued in 2020, being temporarily replaced by the S-Presso. The 800 cc variant remains in production.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: In 2014, an Alto 800 with no airbags and no ABS was crash tested by Global NCAP (similar to Latin NCAP 2013). The car received 0 stars for adult occupant and 2 stars for child occupant.


title: Maruti Suzuki Alto

text: The third-generation Alto K10 was launched in India on 18 August 2022. It is built on the HEARTECT platform shared with the S-Presso.


title: Storm Large

text: Storm Large (born Susan Storm Large, June 25, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and author. She attracted national attention as a contestant on the CBS reality television show "". For many years solely a rock artist, in recent years she has branched out into theater and cabaret. A resident of Portland, Oregon, Large currently performs nationally with her own band, and tours internationally with the Portland-based band Pink Martini.


title: Storm Large

text: Storm Large was born and raised in suburban Southborough, Massachusetts. From the age of five, she started singing and writing songs. She graduated in 1987 from St. Mark's School, a private school. Her father Henry Large was a history teacher there, as well as the football team coach before he retired.


title: Storm Large

text: Large moved to Portland, Oregon in 2002, originally planning to quit music and attend the Western Culinary Institute, but at the urging of friends and in particular Frank Faillace, owner of the Portland rock club Dante's, she began singing again with a band she called "The Balls".


title: Storm Large

text: While in San Francisco Storm formed the bands Flower SF, Storm and Her Dirty Mouth, and Storm, Inc. Storm also performed with Michael Cavaseno as the duo Storm and Michael or Storm and Friends.


title: Storm Large

text: Storm, Inc. featured Shaunna Hall of 4 Non Blondes and P-Funk fame as a rhythm guitarist. Hall was featured on "The Calm Years" LP and toured with the band for a few months after the album's release.


title: Storm Large

text: On January 12, 2012, Storm published a memoir titled "Crazy Enough". It is an expansion on her cabaret show produced by Portland Center Stage. The book, published by Free Press, is an account of her growing up with a mother with psychological issues, her stint as a competitive rower, and her eventual successes.


title: Storm Large

text: The Balls, also known as Storm and the Balls, were formed in May/June 2002 after Large moved to Portland from San Francisco. Storm and the Balls consisted of Davey Loprinzi (aka "Hotrod" Davey Nipples, formerly of Sweaty Nipples) on bass guitar, James Beaton on keyboards, and Brian Parnel on drums. The Balls drew what local media called a "cult-like" following in clubs, primarily during Wednesday night shows at Dante's. They perform "lounge-core, mash-up" renditions of artists such as ABBA, Black Sabbath, Cheap Trick, Billy Idol, Led Zeppelin, Motörhead and Olivia Newton-John as well as their own compositions. Large worked part-time as a bartender at Dante's when not touring with The Balls. The Balls opened for Everclear, Nina Hagen, Hank 3, Pleasure Club, and Nancy Sinatra.


title: Storm Large

text: During live shows, Storm has filled in for Jen Folker on vocals alongside Rob Wynia (of Floater) with Drumattica out of Portland.


title: Storm Large

text: Before moving to Portland, she performed in the San Francisco Bay Area with her former bands Storm Inc., Storm and Her Dirty Mouth, and FlowerSF.


title: Storm Large

text: After Pink Martini vocalist China Forbes underwent vocal cord surgery, Large toured with the band from July 4 through December 16, 2011 as a temporary replacement. She then joined the band on 2013 album "Get Happy" and as co-lead singer on the follow-up world tour. She continues to perform worldwide with the group.


title: Storm Large

text: Large played Sally Bowles in a Portland Center Stage (PCS) production of the musical "Cabaret". PCS is also the site of the premiere of her autobiographical musical "Crazy Enough".


title: Storm Large

text: She has finished filming "Rid of Me" (by James Westby), starring Katie O'Grady, John Keyser, Theresa Russell, and Art Alexakis.


title: Storm Large

text: In 2008 Storm Large premiered her autobiographical, one woman show, "Crazy Enough" at Portland Center Stage. She got rave reviews. The show appeared at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2010 and Off-Broadway in the spring of 2011.


title: Storm Large

text: She appeared in Randy Newman's "Harps and Angels" at the Mark Taper Forum from November 10 - December 22, 2010.


title: Storm Large

text: She has a cameo appearance as a German milkmaid in the feature film, "Bucksville" (dir. Chel White), starring Thomas Stroppel.


title: Storm Large

text: Large is also known for her appearances as a contestant on "". She was eliminated on September 6, 2006 (in the last show before the season finale). Several contestants on the show, especially Dilana, gave her the nickname “Tara,” which even the judges picked up on and began using. After elimination, host Dave Navarro recorded a guitar track for her single "Ladylike" and she was slated to open for the band Rock Star Supernova on tour in January 2007, though she and fellow contestant Magni Ásgeirsson were dropped from the billing for financial reasons.


title: Storm Large

text: In addition to being a contestant on "Rock Star: Supernova", Large appeared as a guest on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" on September 11, 2006.


title: Storm Large

text: On September 26, 2006, Large sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" on the second-season finale of ESPN reality television show "The Contender". She performed the national anthem again on November 4, 2006, at the Portland Trail Blazers' opening home game of their 2006-2007 NBA season. The broadcast appeared on Fox Sports Northwest, the Seattle and Portland affiliate of Fox Sports Net.


title: Storm Large

text: Large appeared on "America's Got Talent" on June 14, 2021, performing a cover of "I've Got You Under My Skin," which received an enthusiastic response, allowing her to move on to the Judge's Cut round. None of the judges seemed to know who she was, prompting a reporter at "Willamette Week" to quip, "In show business, you're nobody until you impress Howie Mandel."


title: Storm Large

text: Ladylike, Side One is an EP by American singer-songwriter Storm Large. The track LadyLike was recorded with Dave Navarro on guitar after her elimination from Rock Star Supernova. Because it did not chart, it does not have a separate article.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Nancy Fish Barnum Callias D'Orengiani, Baroness (née Fish; 22 April 1850 – 23 June 1927) was an English socialite, daughter of a successful cotton miller and the second wife of P. T. Barnum, 40 years her senior. After the death of Barnum's first wife in 1873, they married the following year in both London and New York City. After his death in 1891, he left her a large annuity.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Four years later, after an accidental meeting in Egypt, Fish married Demetrius Callias Bey, an Ottoman diplomat, nobleman and businessman. Their marriage in New York City was sensationalised in the American press and ended in Callias' 1896 death.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Two years later, Fish entered a mutually beneficial business-like marriage with the Baron Lucien D'Alexandry D'Orengiani, a French nobleman. She lived out the rest of her life in Europe as a baroness and died in 1927. She was cremated and buried next to her second husband. A posthumous biography was published by "The New Yorker" magazine.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Nancy Fish was born in Blackburn, Lancashire on 22 April 1850 to Martha (née Shaw) and John Fish, a Manchester cotton mill owner. John Fish credited his own business success to reading the autobiography of the successful businessman P. T. Barnum. In 1858, her father met Barnum at a lecture at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester and thanked him for the inspiration he had provided. The two subsequently became close friends; John Fish named a pair of his engines "Barnum" and "Charity" (after Barnum's wife) and threw a party for General Tom Thumb when he was exhibiting in England; Barnum dedicated a chapter of his autobiography to John Fish. Due to her father's business success, by 1871 Nancy Fish and her family had moved to a large house in the relatively upmarket North Meols, near Southport, Lancashire. Around this time, Fish began writing letters to Barnum.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Fish accompanied Barnum during his European tours and was in constant communication with him through writing. It was rumoured that they were already in a relationship prior to the death of Barnum's first wife Charity on 19 November 1873. Indeed, upon hearing of Charity's death, Barnum travelled to Southport to be with Fish and her father John, and did not attend his wife's funeral. Fish married Barnum twice in 1874, at the Strand in London on 14 February and then at a Greek Orthodox church in New York City on 15 September in front of a large crowd. They honeymooned at the Windsor Hotel in New York City. She was 40 years his junior and described in the American press as "a young pretty Lancashire lass".


title: Nancy Fish

text: The marriage was reported to be a happy one, with Barnum's children from his first marriage being devoted to their new stepmother, despite their similar ages. Together the couple planned, built and furnished a new house in Bridgeport, Connecticut called "Marina". Barnum died on 7 April 1891, leaving his widow $100,000, their home "Marina", and an annuity of $40,000. The large size of the legacy displeased Barnum's children. As a widow, she applied for and received an American passport and travelled Europe before returning to the United States. On 4 July 1893, she unveiled the statue of her late husband at Seaside Park in Bridgeport.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Fish does not appear as a character in the 2017 Barnum-inspired musical film "The Greatest Showman", despite in reality being his wife during some of the film's events.


title: Nancy Fish

text: In 1894, Fish visited Egypt where she was presented with a mummy that was being donated to the Scientific Society in Bridgeport. It was on this trip that she met Demetrius Callias Bey, an Ottoman diplomat, nobleman and olive industry businessman of Greek descent. They had supposedly met when she fell from the Great Pyramid and was caught by Callias. The same year, she put "Marina" on the market and left Connecticut.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Fish married Callias on 8 August 1895 at Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in New York City, and only a few close friends knew of the ceremony. After their wedding ceremony they sailed to Paris and travelled Europe before arriving at Callias's estates on the island of Melita. Fish soon learned that Callias, who spoke little English, had exaggerated his wealth and, upon her return to New York City in March 1896, there were rumours that the couple would separate. However, this was denied by her close relatives. Callias died of liver failure on 22 September 1896 while Fish was in the United States, after which she sailed to Europe and never returned.


title: Nancy Fish

text: After the death of her second husband, Fish moved to Paris where she lived in an apartment near the Arc de Triomphe. In 1898, she married a French nobleman, Lucien Hyppolyte Ferdinand Marie, Baron d’Alexandry d’Orengiani. The marriage was mutually beneficial and business-like, the baron was able to clear his debts with some of Fish's money, and Fish gained the title of baroness and societal connections. As a baroness Fish kept residences in Paris, Aix-les-Bains and Menton. She socialised with American expatriates, French nobility, members of P. T. Barnum's family, and European royals including Empress Eugénie. Her French husband died in 1919, by which point he and Fish were living separately, however this did not stop her from being the lead mourner at his funeral.


title: Nancy Fish

text: Fish died in Paris on 23 June 1927, possibly due to complications from a series of strokes she suffered eighteen months earlier. News of her death was telegraphed to Bridgeport, Connecticut, and reported in "The New York Times". She was cremated and then buried next to her second husband in the English Square of Grand Jas cemetery in Cannes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port is the largest private port of India located on the north shores of the Gulf of Kutch near Mundra, Kutch district, Gujarat. Formerly operated by Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited (MPSEZ) owned by Adani Group, it was later expanded into Adani Ports & SEZ Limited (APSEZ) managing several ports.


title: Mundra Port

text: In FY 2020–21, Mundra Port handled 144.4 million tonnes of cargo. It is the largest container port in India.


title: Mundra Port

text: The Port of Mundra is a private port and is also a special economic zone. Incorporated in 1998 as Gujarat Adani Port Limited (GAPL), the company began operating in 2001. The combined company was renamed Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited.


title: Mundra Port

text: In 1994, the Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) approved setting up a captive jetty at the Port of Mundra. In 1998, a joint-sector company, the Gujarat Adani Port Ltd., was incorporated and multi-purpose berths 1 and 2 at Terminal I began operating. MT Alpha-2, a small tanker was the first ship anchored on 7 October 1998. In 1999, multi-purpose berths 3 and 4 opened at Terminal I.


title: Mundra Port

text: In 2001, the Port of Mundra signed a concession agreement with GMB for development, operation, and maintenance of the port at Mundra. Also in 2001, the private Mundra-Adipur railway line was completed and in 2002, it was integrated with the Indian Railways.


title: Mundra Port

text: In 2002, Guru Govind Singh Refineries Ltd. signed an agreement with the Port of Mundra to handle crude oil in the port. In 2002, additional agreements were signed with Indian Oil Corporation Limited to set up a single-point mooring facility and handle crude oil at Mundra. In 2003, a sub-concession agreement was signed to add a container terminal in the Port of Mundra, and the terminal began operating that year. In 2005, Adani Port Limited and Gujarat Adani Port Limited were merged. In late 2005, the single-point mooring became operational.


title: Mundra Port

text: The Mundra Special Economic Zone was incorporated in 2003. It became India's first multi-product port-based special economic zone.


title: Mundra Port

text: Two new berths at Terminal II became operational to handle bulk cargo. A double-stack container train began to operate. The Mundra Special Economic Zone Ltd. and Adani Chemicals Limited were merged with Gujarat Adani Port Ltd., and the company name was changed to Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited (MPSEZ) in 2006.


title: Mundra Port

text: In 2007, two more berths for bulk cargo were added at Terminal II, and the terminal trial run operations began. A service agreement was signed with Tata Power to produce power for handling coal cargo imports. Also in 2007, equity shares in MPSEZ were offered to the public and employees and were listed on the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange. A service agreement was signed in 2008 with Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. to handle exports of automobiles.


title: Mundra Port

text: MPSEZ expanded its port operations and changed its name to ""Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited"" (APSEZ) on January 6, 2012.


title: Mundra Port

text: The port is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to the Mediterranean, and via the Upper Adriatic region to Central Europe and the North Sea.


title: Mundra Port

text: The multi-purpose terminals contain nine berths of a total 1.8 thousand meters long with alongside depths ranging from 9 to 16.5 meters. Berth 1 is 275 meters long with alongside depth of 15.5 meters and can accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT. Berth 2 is 180 meters long with alongside depth of 13 meters and can accommodate vessels to 30 thousand DWT. Accommodating vessels to 60 thousand DWT, Berths 3 and 4 are each 225 meters long; Berth 3 has alongside depth of 14 meters, and Berth 4 has alongside depth of 12 meters. Berths 5 and 6 are each 250 meters long with alongside depth of 14 meters, and both can accommodate vessels to 150 thousand DWT. Berths 7 and 8 are each 175 meters long with alongside depth of 12 meters and can accommodate vessels to 40 thousand DWT. The Barge Berth is 80 meters long with alongside depth of 6 meters and capacity for vessels of 2500 DWT.


title: Mundra Port

text: The Mundra Port offers 21 closed dockside warehouses with capacity for 1.37 lakh (137 thousand) square meters to store wheat, sugar, rice, fertilizer, raw material for fertilizer and de-oiled cakes. The port offers 8.8 lakh (880 thousand) square meters of open storage for steel sheets, coils, plate, clinker, scrap, salt, coke, bentonite, and coal. An additional 26 thousand square meters of open storage is available alongside the railway. The port also offers a wheat-cleaning facility with capacity to handle 1200 metric tons per day and a rice-sorting and –grading facility that can handle 500 metric tons per day.


title: Mundra Port

text: The Port of Mundra is planning several additions and improvements. Two thermal power plants are under construction that will produce over 8,600 megawatts. A new terminal site is proposed to be located about ten nautical miles west of the current terminals at the Port of Mundra. The terminal will eventually contain three deep-water offshore berths and two sets of stackyards for coal, iron ore, and other dry bulk cargo.


title: Mundra Port

text: The Republic of Kazakhstan is considering to build a terminal at the Mundra Port to provide Indian goods direct access to Central Asia via the Iran-Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan railway line.


title: Mundra Port

text: In addition, the Port of Mundra's basin on the south side of Navinal Island will be developed in two phases to enhance the "chorkarmas". Scheduled to be completed in 2010, Phase IIA will include breakwaters, dredging, reclamation as well as construction of a basin container terminal, two roll-on/roll-off service berths, a craft berth, and support and back-up facilities. The railway line will be expanded, and a new dedicated berth will be added for liquefied natural gas. The Port of Mundra is also upgrading its road network, adding two lanes to the existing two-lane road.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port is India's first multi-product port-based special economic zone (SEZ). The company currently has an annual cargo handling capacity 338 MMT as of February 2015.


title: Mundra Port

text: The development of Adani Port & Special Economic Zone Limited was conceptualised by the entrepreneur Mr. Gautam Adani. Mundra Port was the first one to be developed in October 1998 with just one berth. In a short span of just 12 years Mundra Port achieved 10 crore (100 million) metric tonnes of commercial cargo in a year thereby becoming India's largest commercial port. Mundra Port has registered the fastest CAGR of over 35% in the port sector across India.


title: Mundra Port

text: The Mundra Port is located in the Northern Gulf of Kutch, en route major maritime routes and connected through rail, road, air & pipelines. This makes it a preferred gateway for cargo bound westwards. The port has been designed to handle all types of cargo viz. containers, dry bulk, break bulk, liquid cargo and automobiles.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has a capacity to handle 338 MMT of cargo per annum – the largest amongst all operational ports in India. Mundra Port handled 14.44 crore (144.4 million) MT of cargo in the financial year 2020–21 and is the largest commercial port of India in term so volume of cargo handled.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has not only pioneered the concept of deep draft integrated port model, but also of port based SEZ. The multi-product SEZ consisting Mundra Port and its surrounding areas is planned to be spread over 135 square kilometres (13,500 hectares). Currently, notified Multi-product SEZ is spread over an area of 6,473 Hectare, with an additional 168 Hectares notified as a Free Trade Warehousing Zone.


title: Mundra Port

text: The port has a deep draft that facilitates large vessels including fully laden capsize vessels to dock alongside its berth.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has commodity-specific storage areas. The port has 2,25,000 sq. meters of closed godowns and 3,150,000 sq. meters of open storage yards for storage of import or export cargo within the port premises. The Liquid Terminal at ASPEZ consists of 97 tanks of different sizes and attributes with a total storage capacity of 4,25,000 kiloliters for storage of various liquid commodities.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has also developed adequate infrastructure for evacuation of cargo keeping in mind the concept of the inverted funnel. According to the concept, the capacity of a port's evacuation infrastructure should be more than its marine infrastructure.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has developed commodity-specific infrastructure for handling, storage and evacuation of cargo. The Fertilizer Cargo Complex (FCC) is a fertilizer handling facility. The FCC has 2 operational lines with 44 bagging machines with a capacity to bag 660 nos. of 50-kg bags per minute and a capacity to load and evacuate 8–10 rakes per day i.e. 25,600 tonnes per day.


title: Mundra Port

text: The steel yard is a steel storage area spread over 1,20,000 sq meters and consists of equipment for handling steel cargo. The steel yard is equipped with 8 Goliath cranes and 2 mobiles cranes with vacuum lift attachments, 6 forklifts with multiple attachments to handle steel coils, slabs and plates, 1 reach stacker and 60 trailers for internal transportation.


title: Mundra Port

text: Besides the port area there is a large land area for development. A part of this area is now notified and functional SEZ which is now largest port based Multi product SEZ of the country. This SEZ is suited to service the hinterland of north and northwest India which account for two-thirds of India's GDP. The area is connected with National road, rail and pipeline network. Being spread over an area of 84 km it includes port, container terminals, rail, airport, container freight station and storage tanks.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port is being developed as a business location for sectors like light and heavy engineering, project cargo, auto and auto component, textiles and apparel, pharmaceuticals dyes and specialty chemical, agriproduct processing, plastic processing, timber and furniture, global trading, metal and mineral etc.


title: Mundra Port

text: It claims to have considerable distance advantage over other ports to most destinations in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Delhi-NCR, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.


title: Mundra Port

text: The marine infrastructure at Mundra Port consists of ten berths for handling dry bulk & break bulk cargo, three berths for handling liquid cargo, six container berths including a Ro-Ro berth, three mechanised import cargo berths and 2 single point moorings for crude oil imports. The mechanised import cargo berths can handle vessels with maximum draft of 19 metres and other berths can handle vessels with maximum draft of 17 metres. The SPM facility offers a draft of 32 metres.


title: Mundra Port

text: The port has its own fleet of tugs and pilots. Mundra Port also owns a fleet of dredgers to carry out the capital and maintenance dredging activities and thereby ensuring that Mundra Port has the deepest draft amongst all ports in India.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port Coal Terminal is the world's biggest coal importing terminal. It can handle 4 crore (40 million) tonnes of coal annually. It was built at a cost of .


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port offers inland connectivity via rail track, road network, airport and cross country pipelines.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port Ltd. is connected with the Indian Railway network by a developed and maintained 76-km rail line from Mundra to Adipur. The rail infrastructure is capable of handling 130 trains per day including double stack container trains and long-haul trains.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port is connected to the hinterland in northern and western parts of India through the National Highway 8A Extn. & State Highways 6 & 48. The port has constructed a four-lane rail-over-bridge (ROB) in the proximity of the port to ensure that two modes of transportation i.e. road & rail, do not impede each other's movement.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Airport is a licensed airport in 'private category' with air traffic control (ATC) which is operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI). The nearest commercial airports are at Bhuj (65 km) and Kandla (60 km). The company plans to extend the current runway at Mundra to 4,500 metres. It has also installed a precision approach path indicator (PAPI), and approach and runway lighting for safe night landings for aircraft. Mundra Port plans to upgrade an international air cargo hub with night landing facility.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port is connected to the northern hinterland with three cross-country pipelines. One feeds the IOCL Panipat refinery, second crude oil pipeline feeds Bathinda refinery and third is a white oil line which feeds the national capital region.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has a diverse cargo base including dry, bulk, break bulk, liquid, crude oil, project cargo, cars and containers. Mundra Port owns cargo handling equipment like mobile harbour cranes (16 nos.), grab ship unloaders (7 nos.), pay loaders, excavators and conveyor systems for handling of bulk and break-bulk cargo. Mundra Port also makes use of hired dumpers for transfer of cargo between berths and storage area.


title: Mundra Port

text: Mundra Port has set up 9 docklines for transfer of liquid cargo from the jetty to the liquid tank farm. The container terminals at Mundra Port have a combined infrastructure consisting of 2.1 km of quay length, 18 rail mounted quay cranes, 48 rubber tyre gantry cranes and 17,400 ground slots and sands .


title: Mundra Port

text: A committee headed by Sunita Narain of Centre for Science and Environment, was set up by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests to inspect ship-breaking facility of M/s Adani Port and SEZ Limited near Mundra West Port in Gujarat's Kutch district . The committee which submitted its report on April 18, 2013 found incontrovertible evidence of destruction of mangroves, blocking of creeks and non-compliance of other clearance conditions. Subsequently, on July 29, 2013 a public hearing was held where people from four affected villages posed questions about the project and its impact on the environment.


title: Mundra Port

text: In September 2021, of heroin was seized from two containers which arrived at Mundra Port from Bandar Abbas in Iran. Heroin was disguised as a consignment of semi-processed talc stones originating from Afghanistan.


title: Mathew Thomas

text: Mathew Thomas (born 16 October 2002) is an Indian actor who appears in Malayalam films. He is known for portraying Franky in his debut movie "Kumbalangi Nights", Jaison in "Thanneer Mathan Dinangal" and Jomon in "Jo and Jo".


title: Mathew Thomas

text: Mathew Thomas was born in Thiruvamkulam, Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. He did his pre-school at Hagia Sophia Public school, Kochi. He also studied at Indian School Manama in Bahrain, Upon returning, he joined Gregorian Public school, Maradu where he got selected for his debut movie.


title: Mathew Thomas

text: He was for Kumbalangi Nights (2019) by an audition held in his school. The story is about four orphaned siblings, among them, Franky is a high-school student who keeps their home up and running, as the other three are happy-go-lucky. He lodged six months on location, undergoing several training sessions, such as swimming, football, casting a fishnet, rowing boat among others. The film was a critical and commercial success. It was followed by the lead role in "Thanneer Mathan Dinangal" (2019), a teenage romance film about a high-school student, Jaison. It received highly positive reviews from both critics and audience. The film collected ₹55 crore at box office and become a blockbuster. He appeared in a cameo role as young Benjamin Louis in the crime thriller "Anjaam Pathiraa" (2020), which became a Box office hit. He also acted a brief role in cyber crime thriller movie Operation Java. Then he played a supporting character in Mammootty starrer "One", where his performance was well praised by critics and audience. His upcoming movies are "Prakashan Parakkatte" written by Dhyan Sreenivasan, Vishudha Mejo by newcomer Kiran Antony and Jo and Jo directed by Arun.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Rockwell Collins was a multinational corporation headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, providing avionics and information technology systems and services to government agencies and aircraft manufacturers. It was formed when the Collins Radio Company, facing financial difficulties, was purchased by Rockwell International in 1973. In 2001, the avionics division of Rockwell International was spun off to form the current Rockwell Collins, Inc, retaining its name.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The company was acquired by United Technologies Corporation on November 27, 2018, and now operates as part of Collins Aerospace, a subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Arthur A. Collins founded Collins Radio Company in 1933 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It designed and produced both shortwave radio equipment and equipment for the burgeoning AM radio broadcast industry. Collins was solicited by the military, the scientific community, and the larger AM radio stations for special equipment. Collins supplied the equipment to establish a communications link with the South Pole expedition of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd in 1933.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In 1936, Collins had begun production of the 12H audio console, 12X portable field announcers box, and the 300E and 300F broadcast transmitters. Throughout World War II, the 212A1 and 212B1 replaced the 12H design. Collins became the principal supplier of radio and navigation equipment used in the military, where uncompromising performance was required.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In the postwar years, the Collins Radio Company expanded its work in all phases of the communications field, while broadening its technology. New developments such as flight-control instruments, radio-communication devices, and satellite voice transmissions created great opportunities in the marketplace. Collins Radio Company provided communications for the United States' role in the Space Race, including equipment for astronauts to communicate with earth stations and equipment to track and communicate with spacecraft. Collins communications equipment was used for Projects Mercury, Gemini and Apollo, providing voice communication for every American astronaut traveling through space. In 1973, the U.S. Skylab program used Collins equipment to provide communication from the astronauts to earth.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: After facing financial difficulties, the Collins Radio Company was purchased by Rockwell International in 1973. In 2001, the avionics division of Rockwell International was spun off to form the current Rockwell Collins, Inc, retaining its name. Rockwell Collins is highly concentrated in the defense and commercial avionics markets, and no longer markets receivers to the public. The Collins mechanical filter is still in production, though, and does find consumer and commercial use.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: On April 28, 2000, Rockwell International Corp and its Rockwell Collins unit agreed to acquire Sony Corp's Sony Trans Com (Irvine, California) for undisclosed terms. Sony had purchased the business from Sundstrand Corporation in 1989. On December 20, 2000, Rockwell Collins expanded its services to commercial and executive aviation in Mercosur countries.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The company had acquired several companies, including Hughes-Avicom's in-flight entertainment business (1998), Sony Trans Com (2000), Intertrade Ltd., Flight Dynamics, K Systems, Inc. (Kaiser companies), Communication Solutions, Inc., Airshow, Inc. (2002), NLX (Simulation Business) in 2003, portions of Evans & Sutherland, TELDIX GmbH, IP Unwired, Anzus Inc. in 2006, Information Technology and Applications Corp in 2007, Athena Technologies, Datapath Inc. (divested in 2014), SEOS Displays Ltd., Air Routing International in 2010, Computing Technologies for Aviation (CTA) in 2011, ARINC in 2014, and BE Aerospace in 2017.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The company was among the major suppliers of in-flight entertainment (IFE). Rockwell Collins' key competitors in this industry included Panasonic Avionics Corporation, Thales Group, and JetBlue's IFE subsidiary LiveTV, which was later purchased by Thales in 2014 for $400 million.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In 2010, the company employed over 20,000 people and had an annual turnover of US$4.665 billion. Its nonexecutive chairman was Anthony Carbone following the retirement of Clayton M. Jones.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In September 2012, Kelly Ortberg was appointed as president of the company. In August 2013, Kelly Ortberg was appointed CEO of Rockwell Collins.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: On September 4, 2017, United Technologies of Farmington, Connecticut, agreed to acquire the company for $30 billion. The transaction closed on November 26, 2018.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Starting in the mid-1930s, the Collins Radio Company constructed and sold transmitters and audio mixing consoles to the broadcast industry.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In 1939, the model 12 Speech Input Console, in addition to the 26C limiter amplifier, was licensed to Canadian Marconi Co. for both sales in Canada and His Majesty's Service for the war effort. Collins' success in constructing broadcast transmitters continued to grow, selling well over a thousand up to the start of World War II. During World War II, Collins' expertise grew in high-power transmitters, producing designs that ran well over 15 kilowatts (kW) of RF power on a continuous basis. After the war, some AM transmitters were produced, called the 300G, and remain the finest in low-power AM transmitters (300W) ever produced.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Collins remained an important manufacturer of AM and FM broadcast radio transmitters for the commercial market surviving the drastic cost-cutting market of the 1960s and 1970s. The transmitter line was later sold to Continental Electronics, which continued to produce a number of Collins designs under its own nameplate before phasing them out in the 1980s.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Collins produced several shortwave transmitters to the commercial market. A "30" Series production catered to the growing need of state highway patrol agencies and Department of Commerce aviation needs. During World War II, Collins produced high-power transmitters for aircraft, notably the ART-13 equipped with automatic tuning circuits, which represented an important enhancement for airborne radio communications.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: After World War II, Collins supported both broadcast and the growing postwar amateur radio market. The United States Coast Guard Cutter USCGC "Courier" was employed as seagoing relay station for Voice of America programming using two Collins 207B-1 transmitters.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Around 1947, the company introduced their first amateur radio receiver, the 75A-1 (called the 75A). This set achieved excellent stability for the time due to high build quality and the use of a permeability tuned oscillator in its second conversion stage. It was one of the few double-conversion superheterodynes on the market, and covered only the amateur bands.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: With the experience gained in the design of the 75A-1, Collins released the 51J-1 receiver, a general-coverage HF set covering to. It was produced in somewhat updated versions (51J-2, 51J-3, 51J-4) for about a decade. It was known as the R-388 and was used in multiple receiver diversity radioteletype installations.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The 75A amateur line was updated throughout the early , finishing with the 75A-4, which was released in 1955. The Collins mechanical filter was introduced to consumers in the 75A-3, and the 75A-4 was one of the first receivers marketed specifically as a single sideband receiver.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Around 1950, Collins began designing the R-390 () for the US military. This was intended to be a receiver of the highest performance available, with the ruggedness and serviceability required for military duty. It featured direct mechanical digital frequency readout. The set is composed of several modules for easy field repair—a bad module could simply be swapped out and repaired later, or junked. Sets built during the original 1951 contract cost the government about () each, and around 16,000 were produced.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Concurrently, Collins developed the R-389, a long-wave version with fewer than 1000 made. The R-391, another variant of the R-390, allowed choice of eight different autotuned channels.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Three years later, Collins delivered the R-390A to the military. About 54,000 were produced and the set was a military workhorse until the . Like the R-390, it can outperform many modern radios, to the point that it was designated top secret until the late .


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In 1958, Collins replaced the 75A series with the much smaller 75S series, part of the S/Line. These featured mechanical filters, very accurate frequency readout, and excellent stability. At the request of the US government, Collins designed the 51S-1 general-coverage set, which was essentially (in intended use) a physically smaller replacement for the 51J series. It was not intended as a replacement for the higher-performance R-390A, and unlike the R-390A, it was extensively marketed for commercial use.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Collins produced a few high-performance solid-state receivers in the , such as the 651S-1. Like their tube predecessors, these are coveted by collectors today.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: With the introduction of the S/Line in 1958, Collins moved from designing individual products that could be used together, to ones that were designed to integrate and operate together, in various combinations, as a system. They were the first equipment maker to take this approach. Collins was also the first to introduce a compact HF transceiver, the KWM-1, the year before. Together, these two innovations put Collins temporarily ahead of its competition, and set the stage for other manufacturers and the next generation of amateur (and military) HF radio equipment.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The 75S-1 receiver and 32S-1 transmitter, comprising the heart of the S/Line, operated separately or together to transceive. The units included crystal band-pass filters and a new compact design that provided stable, highly linear tuning across 200 kHz band segments. The S/Line tuning-dial mechanism was unique when introduced. It used concentric dials and a gear mechanism that provided precise dial resolution, better than 1 kHz.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Within a few years, Collins had introduced additional S/Line components, including the 30S-1 kilowatt power amplifier, the 30L-1 desktop power amplifier, and the 62S-1 transverter, which provided coverage of the 6-m (50 MHz) and 2-m (144 MHz) amateur bands. The KWM-2 transceiver replaced the KWM-1 using many of the S/Line's design features and matching its styling. Other accessories included speakers, microphones, and control consoles.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Illustrating the uniqueness of their new, smaller units in the market, Collins advertisements in the 1950s and early 1960s emphasized the S/Line's physical styling and size, as often as they did its performance.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Collins continued to improve the S/Line, first introducing the S-2, then the S-3 units, the 75S-3 (and -3A, -3B and -3C) receiver, and the 32S-3 and -3A transmitters. The -3A and -3C units were identical to the -3 and -3B units, respectively, except they provided an extra set of heterodyne oscillator crystals, enabling them to cover extra bands – useful for military, amateur and MARS operation, where operation just outside the regular amateur bands was necessary.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Among amateur radio operators, the S/Line established its reputation as perhaps the most solidly engineered equipment available, and the most costly. As a result, S/Line equipment, and the A-Line and other predecessors, are restored, prized, and operated on the air by collectors today.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Collins continued to produce the S/Line well into the late 1970s, and after its acquisition by Rockwell.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In 1978, with the move to solid-state design, the S/Line came to an end after a two-decade production run. The KWM-380 transceiver was introduced the next year, a break with the past both in its use of transistors and digital technology, and its styling. It was Collins' final entry in the amateur radio market until it was discontinued in the mid-1980s.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In the 1960s, the company designed and sold C-System computerized message-switching equipment, built an intranet, and began implementing computer storage of design data for circuit boards and assemblies. They had a goal of automating all functions from parts ordering and inventory to factory scheduling to generation of maintenance provisioning. With products technically successful and far ahead of their time in many respects, Mr. Collins continued to invest in development at a rate that could not be supported by sales when a downturn occurred, and began to have financial problems.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In August 2013, Rockwell Collins announced the agreement to purchase ARINC. On December 23, 2013, Rockwell Collins announced it had completed its acquisition of ARINC for billion (equivalent to $billion in ). The purchase of ARINC allowed Rockwell Collins to shift their balance in commercial aviation.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In April 2017, Rockwell Collins entered the aircraft cabin interiors market through the acquisition of B/E Aerospace for billion (equivalent to $billion in ). Based in Wellington, Florida, B/E products included seating, food and beverage preparation and storage equipment, lighting and oxygen systems, and modular galley and lavatory systems for commercial airliners and business jets. B/E benefits from rival Zodiac Aerospace's delivery troubles. Retrofit opportunities are provided by its $12 billion installed base. B/E shareholders received 20% of the new Rockwell, which then had $8.1 billion in revenues and $1.9 billion in pretax earnings with nearly 30,000 employees.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Rockwell Collins filed for regulatory approval for its intended acquisition of B/E Aerospace, before the Philippine Competition Commission, since the latter has a branch in the Philippines operating a manufacturing plant in Tanauan, Batangas.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: As a result of the acquisition, a newly created direct or indirect subsidiary of Rockwell, Quarterback Merger Sub Corp., merged with and into B/E Aerospace, with the latter surviving the merger as a direct or indirect subsidiary of Rockwell Collins.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The CS division services the commercial airline industry and business aircraft, providing navigation, communication, synthetic vision, other cockpit products such as autoland autopilots, and cabin products such as in-flight entertainment. The GS division services primarily the US government and military, but also provides some products and services to foreign governments with close ties to the United States. Notable government-related projects that Rockwell Collins has involvement with are Common Avionics Architecture System (CAAS), Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS), Tactical Targeting Network Technology (TTNT), Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR), and Future Combat Systems. The I&SS division is an amalgamation of International Business organization, whose responsibility is sales, engineering, and human resources of personnel outside of North America, and Service Solutions, which provides support services such as customer support, simulation and training, and technical publications. I&SS provides a common service to both CS and GS divisions, and its formation was announced on the Rockwell Collins press release web page on February 19, 2010.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: The Donald R. Beall Advanced Technology Center is a research and development center within Rockwell Collins that focuses on creating, identifying, and maturing technologies targeted at driving business growth. It maintains a portfolio that balances short-term deliverables focused on core and adjacent markets, with technologies for long-term growth. It has three departments: Advanced Radio Systems, Communications and Navigation Systems, and Embedded Information Systems.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: As with several other brands of vintage radio equipment, an active community of Collins radio enthusiasts exists, with clubs, web sites, and on-line discussions dedicated to restoring and operating the equipment. The Collins Collectors Association and the Collins Radio Association are two examples of such organizations.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: Groups of Collins users also organize meetings, gatherings at hamfests, and regularly scheduled on-air discussions called nets.


title: Rockwell Collins

text: In December 2019, CNBC listed Rockwell Collins along with 91 additional "Fortune" 500 companies that "paid an effective federal tax rate of 0% or less" as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.


title: Crank Yankers

text: Crank Yankers is an American Adult Puppet television show produced by Adam Carolla, Jimmy Kimmel and Daniel Kellison. It features actual crank calls made by show regulars and celebrity guests, while re-enacted onscreen by puppets for a visual aid that shows the viewer what is happening in the call. The show premiered on June 2, 2002, on Comedy Central. It returned to MTV2 on February 9, 2007, running again until March 30, 2007.


title: Crank Yankers

text: On February 11, 2019, Jimmy Kimmel announced on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" that the show would be revived on Comedy Central for a fifth 20-episode season and mark the first project on Kimmel's new "Kimmelot" production imprint. The new season includes pranks on social media and other platforms. Kimmel's brother Jonathan Kimmel serves as the showrunner and executive producer. The fifth season premiered on September 25, 2019.


title: Crank Yankers

text: On March 5, 2020, Comedy Central announced "Crank Yankers" had been renewed for a 20-episode sixth season. The sixth season premiered on May 5, 2021.


title: Crank Yankers

text: The performers are given a basic outline of a premise by the writers, and call telephone numbers from a list of selected targets (known as "marks"). Using the basic premises, the performers improvise most of their lines, playing off of the responses of their marks, with the intention to keep them on the phone as long as possible.


title: Crank Yankers

text: With the exception of a few outside sources (including previous material from Jim Florentine and the Touch-Tone Terrorists), all the calls are made from Nevada. The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 makes it illegal in most states to record telephone calls without both parties' consent. Under Nevada law, only one of the parties has to give consent (i.e., the caller), so prank calls can be recorded without the consent of the prank victims. One result of this was the series' schedule of creating and airing new episodes was fairly sporadic due to most of the celebrities living in Los Angeles, having Los Angeles-based jobs, and so were only periodically able to go to Las Vegas to make calls. Carolla, for example, took his radio program to Las Vegas once or twice a year, and while there would record new calls for the program.


title: Crank Yankers

text: The puppet designs were drawn by artist Todd James before being constructed based on the various marks' voices, and, along with a series of stock characters (such as "Niles Standish", "Bobby Fletcher" and "Special Ed") based on the performers' character voices, the calls are re-enacted for the skits.


title: Crank Yankers

text: The main character puppets for the first season were constructed by Bob Flanagan's company Den Design with additional puppets built by BJ Guyer, Carol Binion, Rick Lyon, Ron Binion, Jim Kroupa and Artie Esposito. An in-house puppet shop was set up for the following seasons to accommodate the fast-paced schedule of the show and the sheer volume of puppet characters required for each episode.


title: Crank Yankers

text: The puppets are puppeteered by Ron Binion, Rick Lyon, BJ Guyer, Victor Yerrid, Paul McGinnis, Alice Dinnean, Tyler Bunch, Drew Massey, Robin Walsh, Marc Petrosino, Artie Esposito & Andy Hayward.


title: Crank Yankers

text: Originally, the show was titled "Prank Puppets"; it was renamed after Comedy Central lawyers deemed that it implied malice.


title: Crank Yankers

text: In 2011, there was a pilot for a traditionally-animated spinoff called "The Birchums" featuring Dick Birchum as the main character. He was redesigned to look younger and had a mustache. The pilot was made for FOX, but was not picked up as a series.


title: Crank Yankers

text: There are currently no plans for a DVD release for seasons 3 & 4, aka the MTV2 season of "Crank Yankers".


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden featured in the film "Mogambo" (1953), and achieved early fame as a Rank Organisation film star in the 1950s in films including "The Cruel Sea (1953 film)", "Doctor in the House" (1954), "Simba" (1955), "Eyewitness" (1956) and "Doctor at Large" (1957). He then became highly regarded as an award-winning Shakespearean and West End theatre actor and television sitcom star, winning the 1977 Evening Standard Award for Best Actor for "King Lear", and starring in the sitcoms "Two's Company" (1975–79) and "Never the Twain" (1981–91).


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was born in St Budeaux, Plymouth, Devon on 9 October 1923, the middle child of chemist Alfred Edward Sinden and his wife Mabel Agnes ("née" Fuller). His elder sister Joy became an English teacher at Claverham Community College in Battle, East Sussex, and younger brother Leon (1927–2015) became an actor. They grew up in Ditchling, East Sussex, where their home 'The Limes' doubled as the local chemist's shop. After attending a number of private schools, Donald was sent to Hassocks Primary, and thence to Burgess Hill Secondary School after failing his 11-plus qualifying test.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden made his first stage appearance at the amateur Brighton Little Theatre (of which he later became president) in 1941, stepping into a part in place of his cousin Frank, who had been called up to war and so was unable to appear. Offered a professional acting part by the Brighton impresario Charles F. Smith, he made his first professional appearance in January 1942, playing Dudley in a production of "George and Margaret" for the Mobile Entertainments Southern Area company (known as MESA) and in other modern comedies, playing to the armed forces all along the South Coast of England during the Second World War and later trained as an actor for two terms at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Rejected for World War II naval service because of asthma, Sinden joined a theatrical company that entertained soldiers, sailors and airmen during the war.


title: Donald Sinden

text: In 1942, in Hove, Sinden befriended Lord Alfred Douglas (known as "Bosie"), who had been Oscar Wilde's lover. He is believed to have been the last surviving person to have known Douglas.


title: Donald Sinden

text: After the critical and financial success of his first screen leading role in "The Cruel Sea" (1953), made by Ealing Studios, in which he co-starred and received top-billing with Jack Hawkins, Sinden was contracted for seven years to the Rank Organisation at Pinewood Studios and subsequently had prominent roles in 23 movies during the 1950s and early 1960s, including "Mogambo"; "Doctor in the House"; "Above Us the Waves"; "The Black Tent"; "Eyewitness"; "Doctor at Large"; "The Siege of Sidney Street" and "Twice Round the Daffodils".


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden became associated with his character of "Benskin" in the "Doctor" film series as the duffel-coated medical student, regularly failing his finals and spending most of his time chasing pretty nurses, accompanied by his trade-mark "wolf-growl".


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was the recipient of several "audience-based" awards during this period, including "The actor who made most progress during 1954". In 1956, a profile was written on him which stated:


title: Donald Sinden

text: In 1949, he appeared in "The Heiress" at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket opposite Ralph Richardson and Peggy Ashcroft, directed by John Gielgud. In his Sky Arts documentary series "Great West End Theatres", Sinden said that the play ran for 644 performances (19 months) and he was the only member of the cast not to have missed a performance: "As the play is the longest run in the [Haymarket] theatre's history, I therefore gave more consecutive performances in this theatre than any other actor since it was built in 1820." The management gave him an engraved silver ashtray as a present in recognition of the fact, which he showed in the episode.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Theatre being his first "love", he was a noted farceur and won best actor awards for his appearances in the Ray Cooney farces "Not Now, Darling" (1967); "Two into One" (1984) and "Out of Order" (1990). In 1976, he was nominated for a Tony Award as Best Actor for his performance on Broadway as Arthur Wicksteed in Alan Bennett's comedy "Habeas Corpus". His other notable leading performances in the commercial theatre included roles in productions such as "There's a Girl in My Soup" (1966); "In Praise of Love" (1973); "An Enemy of the People" (1975); "Present Laughter" (1981); "The School for Scandal" (1983); "The Scarlet Pimpernel" (1985); "Major Barbara" (1988); "Diversions and Delights" (one-man show as Oscar Wilde, 1989); "She Stoops to Conquer" (1993); "That Good Night" (1996) and "Quartet" (1999).


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was a leading figure in the campaign to found the Theatre Museum in London's Covent Garden in the 1980s. In 2007, Sinden embarked on a UK, European and American theatre tour to talk about his life, work and anecdotes in "An Evening with... Sir Donald Sinden". Produced by his son Marc, this included, on 8 November 2007 as part of Marc's "British Theatre Season, Monaco", a performance in front of Prince Albert of Monaco (the son of Grace Kelly, his co-star in the film "Mogambo") at the Théâtre Princesse Grace, Monte Carlo.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Joining the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre company in 1946, Sinden was an Associate Artist of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) from 1967. Outstanding among his many stage appearances for the RSC, both at Stratford-upon-Avon and in London's West End (usually at the Aldwych Theatre), was his performance in 1963 as the Duke of York in "The Wars of the Roses" opposite Peggy Ashcroft as Queen Margaret.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Other performances by Sinden for the company were "Eh?" by Henry Livings in 1964; as Lord Foppington in "The Relapse" in 1967; Malvolio in "Twelfth Night" (opposite Judi Dench as Viola) in 1969 and again with Judi Dench and her husband Michael Williams in 1974, as Sir Harcourt Courtly in "London Assurance" (Albery Theatre).


title: Donald Sinden

text: After the production transferred to New York in 1975, Sinden became the first recipient of the newly established Broadway Drama Desk Special Award. Sinden sought and received advice about the character's costume and mannerisms in the role from the Regency novelist Georgette Heyer.


title: Donald Sinden

text: For the 1976 Stratford season and then at the Aldwych Theatre in 1977, Sinden won the Evening Standard Award as Best Actor for his performance in the title role of "King Lear" (with Michael Williams as the Fool). Meanwhile, he was also portraying in repertory, Benedick (regarded as "the most admired Benedick in living memory") opposite Judi Dench's Beatrice in John Barton's highly acclaimed 'British Raj' revival of "Much Ado About Nothing", and in the same time frame also rehearsing the third season of the LWT sitcom "Two's Company" with Elaine Stritch during the daytime and filming the show at the studio in front of a live audience on Sunday evenings. He claimed "RSC money isn't very good compared with a normal commercial theatre rate. I was on their 'star' salary, which meant it worked out at about £47 per performance! You work for them 'for the honour' of doing the greatest classical plays, not for the money, so you have to make up the financial short-fall somewhere".


title: Donald Sinden

text: In 1979, he played the title role in "Othello", directed by Ronald Eyre, becoming the last 'blacked-up white' actor to play the role for the RSC. "Everyman" editor and critic Gareth Lloyd Evans observed that his interpretation was "not…about colour or racialism" but one that illuminated the character's personal tragedy.


title: Donald Sinden

text: In 2013, Sinden presented a documentary series called "Great West End Theatres", which describes the history and stories associated with each of 40 London theatres. Directed and produced by his son Marc, it was to be released as a 40-part DVD and Sky Arts TV series, with the first 10 episodes showing on Sky Arts 2 during the autumn of 2013.


title: Donald Sinden

text: In their review of the series, the "British Theatre Guide" said "Sir Donald's gorgeous plummy tones are a joy to listen to whatever he is saying but when he is extolling the virtues of one of his own favourite theatres, the pleasure is heightened. At his first entrance, he announces that he is "tingling with excitement" which is just what one wants from a tour guide. Soon enough, so are viewers."


title: Donald Sinden

text: "The Daily Telegraph"s review states: ""Great West End Theatres" is a lovely documentary series, made by the director Marc Sinden. Its star, and – it transpires – the best documentary frontman of all time, is his actor-father: Sir Donald Sinden, 90 years old next month. Sir Donald has been let loose and the effect is enchanting beyond belief. It is also, at times, incredibly funny. One has the sense of a lifetime spent in this world, being poured out for our delight like glasses of vintage champagne."


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden appeared in ITV's 1960 adaptation of "The Mystery of Edwin Drood", starring as John Jasper. No audio or video recordings of the production are known to have survived. In 1963, he appeared in the Associated Rediffusion series "Our Man at St. Mark's". His other television roles included The Colonel in an episode of "The Prisoner" ("Many Happy Returns", 1967).


title: Donald Sinden

text: After starring in the series "The Organisation" (1971), he co-starred in the London Weekend Television situation comedy "Two's Company" which debuted in 1975. Sinden was cast in the role of an English butler, Robert, to Elaine Stritch's American character, Dorothy. Much of the humour derived from the culture clashes between Robert's very stiff-upper-lip Britishness and Dorothy's devil-may-care New York view on life. "Two's Company" was well received in Britain and ran for four seasons until 1979. The programme was nominated for a 'Best Situation Comedy' BAFTA in 1977. Stritch and Sinden also sang the theme tune for the opening credits to the programme, which received a BAFTA nomination. They each received a BAFTA nomination in 1979 for 'Best Light Entertainment Performance' and the show received two additional BAFTA nominations that year.


title: Donald Sinden

text: In 1979, Sinden presented a documentary series on BBC2 (later repeated in 1981 on BBC1), "Discovering English Churches" inspired by his grandfather's architectural drawings and watercolours. Over 10 episodes, Sinden explored the unique history of the English church, and the influences that shaped the development of 16,000 churches, showing the history of 2–3 churches in each episode.


title: Donald Sinden

text: From 1981, Sinden starred in the Thames Television situation comedy, "Never the Twain". He played snooty antiques dealer Simon Peel who lived next door to a competitor Oliver Smallbridge (played by Windsor Davies). The characters hated each other and were horrified when they discovered that their son and daughter were to be married – thus meaning they were related. The series was a TV ratings success and ran for 11 series until 1991. One episode in 1990 ("A Car by Any Other Name") had Sinden being literally picked up by two police officers who were played by his own actor sons, Jeremy and Marc. His wife, Diana, appeared in the last episode.


title: Donald Sinden

text: He was the subject of an extended edition of "This Is Your Life" in 1985 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews while filming on location in Surrey.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was regularly spoofed on "Spitting Image", the 1980s British satirical television programme in which famous people were lampooned by caricatured latex puppets. Much of the "Spitting Image" humour was centred around Sinden being a ″ham″ actor, forever overacting and behaving in an overly theatrical way. For example, when his puppet, sitting in a restaurant, summons a waiter and asks "Do you serve a ham salad?" the waiter replies "Yes, we serve salad to anyone".


title: Donald Sinden

text: From 2001 to 2007, he played the part of senior judge (and father-in-law of the title character), Sir Joseph Channing in "Judge John Deed" and was the voice of "Totally Viral". In 2008, he played Colonel Henry Hammond in the "Midsomer Murders" episode "Shot at Dawn." He also played Sir Henry Clithering, in Miss Marple, "The Blue Geranium," Episode 91, Agatha Christie, on BBC (Acorn TV).


title: Donald Sinden

text: He starred in the Walt Disney Productions family film "The Island at the Top of the World" (1974), playing Sir Anthony Ross, which was filmed at Disney's studios in Burbank, California.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden's distinctive voice was heard frequently on radio, including as Sir Charles Baskerville in a BBC Radio 4 adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes story "The Hound of the Baskervilles". He starred in multiple adaptations of John Dickson Carr's "Dr. Gideon Fell" mysteries, including "The House on Gallows Lane", "The Hollow Man" and "Black Spectacles", "To Wake the Dead", "The Blind Barber" and "The Mad Hatter Mystery".


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden wrote two autobiographical volumes: "A Touch of the Memoirs" (1982) and "Laughter in the Second Act" (1985), edited the "Everyman Book of Theatrical Anecdotes" (1987), wrote a book to coincide with his BBC TV series "The English Country Church" (1988) and a collection of "epitaphs and final utterances" titled "The Last Word" (1994).


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was awarded the CBE in 1979 and was knighted in 1997. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1966 and received the Freedom of the City of London in 1997.


title: Donald Sinden

text: On 12 July 2005, he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters by the University of Leicester and, on 20 July 2011, an honorary Doctor of Arts degree from the University of Kent.


title: Donald Sinden

text: In reply to a question from an audience member during a performance at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre of "An Evening with... Sir Donald Sinden", he said he had worked out that, apart from "gaps before the next job started", he had only had a total of five weeks' unemployment between 1942 and 2008.


title: Donald Sinden

text: In 2004, the purpose-built theatre located in the grounds of Homewood School at Tenterden in Kent was named the Sinden Theatre.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was honorary president of the Garden Suburb Theatre, an amateur theatre group based in Hampstead Garden Suburb where he was resident from 1954 until 1997.


title: Donald Sinden

text: On 9 October 2012, he celebrated his 89th birthday and his retirement after 30 years as the longest-standing president of the Royal Theatrical Fund (founded by Charles Dickens in 1839) with a celebration lunch for 350 guests at the Park Lane Hotel, London; this was compered by Russ Abbott, and the subsequent charity auction was conducted by Jeffrey Archer. Leading the tributes was Jean Kent, who had co-starred with Sinden in Bernard Delfont's 1951 stage production of "Froufrou"; letters from Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Albert of Monaco were read out, and speeches given by Julian Fellowes, Ray Cooney and Gyles Brandreth.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden received, posthumously, the Gielgud Award for Excellence in the Dramatic Arts at the Guildhall, London, during the 2014 Theatre Awards UK ceremony held on 19 October. The award was collected on his behalf by his son, Marc Sinden.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was married to the actress Diana Mahony from 3 May 1948 until her death from stomach cancer aged 77 on 22 September 2004. The couple had two sons: actor Jeremy Sinden (1950-1996) who died of lung cancer, and actor & filmmaker Marc Sinden (born 1954). Sinden had four grandchildren and one great-granddaughter.


title: Donald Sinden

text: Sinden was colour blind and suffered from asthma, which prevented him from joining the armed forces during the Second World War and suffered from negative buoyancy, meaning that he was unable to float or swim in water, which was discovered while filming "The Cruel Sea" when the ship was sinking. Co-star Jack Hawkins saved him from drowning in the open-air water-tank at Denham Studios.