title: Mark Halperin

text: A day after their first story, CNN ran a second story revealing that the number of women accusing Halperin of misconduct had grown to "at least a dozen". In a lengthy statement published in response to the CNN report, Halperin denied several of the new allegations, including ones that he masturbated in front of anyone or physically assaulted anyone. He apologized to the women he "mistreated" while acknowledging that he recognized he had a problem near the end of his tenure at ABC, received weekly counseling sessions, and ended the behavior; however, a later report from "The Daily Beast" included an allegation of harassment from 2011.


title: Mark Halperin

text: On October 30, 2017, both NBC and MSNBC terminated Halperin's contract with the networks. On January 3, 2018, Showtime replaced Halperin on "The Circus" with CBS News anchor Alex Wagner.


title: Mark Halperin

text: According to a May 3, 2019 report in "The Daily Beast", Halperin worked on repairing his reputation during the first quarter of 2019 with a goal of returning as a pundit on television and radio. According to the article, Halperin enlisted the help of Michael Smerconish, Mika Brzezinski, and Joe Scarborough on an under-the-radar yet calculated professional rehabilitation campaign. Since the beginning of 2019, Halperin resumed posting on Twitter and launched a new political blog titled "Mark Halperin’s Wide World of News" in mid-April. Around the same time, Halperin appeared on Sirius XM with Smerconish, where he said he has been working with the Fortune Society, a New York City-based nonprofit organization that provides essential support to the formerly incarcerated.


title: Mark Halperin

text: On August 18, 2019, publisher Regan Arts announced that Halperin had signed a new book deal. The book, entitled "How to Beat Trump: America’s Top Political Strategists on What It Will Take", was published in early-November 2019. Contributors to the book include David Axelrod, Donna Brazile, and James Carville. Both CNN and NBC refused to do anything to promote the book.


title: Mark Halperin

text: After news broke about the upcoming book, there was widespread criticism and outrage, with Gretchen Carlson calling the deal "a slap in the face to all women." Rebecca Katz, a political strategist said on Twitter, "you can beat Trump without supporting the career rehabilitation of Mark Halperin." CNN political commentator Karen Finney called Halperin "a predator" and denounced publisher Regan Arts. Eleanor McManus, who as a 21-year-old job seeker at ABC, who Halperin attempted to force himself upon, commented: "He leveraged his position as a prominent journalist to prey on women... Giving him a book once again puts him in a position of authority and that is a slap in the face to all the women that he has victimized."


title: Mark Halperin

text: According to a September 9, 2019 report in "The Daily Beast", Halperin allegedly exchanged vague threats on a call with MSNBC president Phil Griffin after Griffin refused to approve a possible collaboration with the "Morning Joe" team earlier in 2019.


title: Mark Halperin

text: In 2020, Halperin began appearing on Newsmax TV as a contributor and as the host of its weekly Sunday show, "Mark Halperin's Focus Group". A pro-Trump right wing news outlet, Newsmax TV has trafficked in conspiracy theories and baseless claims asserting that Donald Trump was the real winner of the 2020 presidential election and that the Jan. 6 insurrection on the Capitol was incited by left wing provocateurs and the FBI.


title: Danny Meyer

text: Daniel Meyer (born March 14, 1958) is a New York City restaurateur and the Founder & Executive Chairman of the Union Square Hospitality Group (USHG).


title: Danny Meyer

text: Meyer was born and raised in a reform Jewish family in St. Louis, Missouri where he attended John Burroughs School. Meyer’s grandfather was a prominent Chicago businessman and philanthropist, Irving B. Harris. As a child, Meyer attended Camp Nebagamon for boys in Lake Nebagamon, Wisconsin. During college, Meyer worked for his father as a tour guide in Rome and then returned there to study international politics. Meyer was a Brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity while at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. After graduating from Trinity in 1980 with a degree in political science, Meyer worked in Chicago as Cook County field director for John Anderson's 1980 independent presidential campaign. Meyer gained his first restaurant experience in 1984 as an assistant manager at Pesca, an Italian seafood restaurant in the Flatiron District of New York City. He then returned to Europe to study cooking as a culinary stagiaire in Italy and Bordeaux, France.


title: Danny Meyer

text: In 1985, at age 27, Meyer opened his first restaurant, Union Square Cafe. Meyer's other restaurants and businesses include Gramercy Tavern, Blue Smoke and Jazz Standard, Shake Shack, The Modern, Cafe 2 and Terrace 5 at MoMA, Maialino at the Gramercy Park Hotel, Untitled at the North End Grill, Marta, Porchlight, GreenRiver, Union Square Events, and Hospitality Quotient. Union Square Events, USHG's catering division, operates several concessions at major sports facilities including Citi Field, Saratoga Race Course, and Nationals Park.


title: Danny Meyer

text: In 2010, Meyer suffered his first restaurant closure, Tabla. In a statement, Meyer blamed the closure on the specificity of the Indian cuisine offered by the restaurant. That same year, Meyer participated in a documentary called "The Restaurateur".


title: Danny Meyer

text: In late 2011, Union Square Hospitality group sold Eleven Madison Park to its chef Daniel Humm and front-of-house director Will Guidara. In 2018, North End Grill closed.


title: Danny Meyer

text: In 2015, Meyer announced that he would eliminate tipping at all of his restaurants. The move increased prices by approximately 21 percent and led to large portions of his staff leaving the company.


title: Danny Meyer

text: As the COVID-19 swept through the United States, Meyer shuttered all his restaurants, criticized other businesses for opening, and stated that he did not expect to offer full service until a vaccine was available. In a May 1 Vanity Fair podcast, Meyer explained that taking a Paycheck Protection Program loan, intended to help small businesses, "could be the most irresponsible thing in the world for a restaurant to do." In July, it emerged that twelve separate Meyer restaurants received loans. Meyer's company, Union Square Hospitality Group, received between $11.4 and $27 million in PPP loans. Shake Shack earlier claimed to return its PPP assistance following media attention."


title: Danny Meyer

text: Meyer co-wrote "The Union Square Cafe Cookbook" (HarperCollins, 1994) with his business partner, Chef Michael Romano. The book earned the IACP Julia Child Award for the best new cookbook by a first-time author, and was followed up with the highly acclaimed "Second Helpings from Union Square Cafe" (HarperCollins, 2001). Meyer also wrote "The New York Times" bestseller "Setting the Table" (HarperCollins, 2006), which examines the power of hospitality in restaurants, business, and life. In May 2009, Meyer's restaurants released a cocktail cookbook, "Mix Shake Stir" (Little, Brown) featuring 140 recipes, along with tips, anecdotes and photography.


title: Danny Meyer

text: Meyer has served on the boards of Share Our Strength and City Harvest. In addition, he served as Co-Chair of the Union Square Partnership for 5 years, and as an executive committee member for NYC & Co and the Madison Square Park Conservancy.


title: Danny Meyer

text: Four of USHG's restaurants have earned three stars from "The New York Times;" Eleven Madison Park was upgraded to four stars in 2009. USHG's restaurants routinely appear among the Most Popular in New York City according to the Zagat guide, including Union Square Cafe, which has held the #1 spot nine times. Eleven Madison Park held three Michelin Stars, The Modern earned its second Michelin Star in 2015, Gramercy Tavern holds one Michelin Star, and GreenRiver was awarded one Michelin Star in 2016. In 2016, The Modern was awarded a Wine Spectator Grand Award in 2016.


title: Danny Meyer

text: Meyer was interviewed by Reid Hoffman on the Masters of Scale podcast, where he talked about how he ignored conventional wisdom to revolutionize the restaurant industry. He appeared on The Ringer's House of Carbs Podcast, where he presented his Washington D.C. establishment "Maialino Mare" and talked about his career in hospitality. Danny Meyer most recently appeared on The Knowledge Project Podcast to discusses the intersection between hospitality and humanity, and why we’re all invested in the hospitality business.


title: Danny Meyer

text: In 1988, Meyer married Audrey Rayelyn Heffernan in an interfaith Roman Catholic and Jewish service at Unitarian Church of All Souls in Manhattan.


title: Nuance Communications

text: Nuance Communications, Inc. is an American multinational computer software technology corporation, headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts, that markets speech recognition and artificial intelligence software.


title: Nuance Communications

text: Nuance merged with its competitor in the commercial large-scale speech application business, ScanSoft, in October 2005. ScanSoft was a Xerox spin-off that was bought in 1999 by Visioneer, a hardware and software scanner company, which adopted ScanSoft as the new merged company name. The original ScanSoft had its roots in Kurzweil Computer Products.


title: Nuance Communications

text: In April 2021, Microsoft announced it would buy Nuance Communications. The deal is an all-cash transaction of $19.7 billion, including company debt, or $56 per share. The acquisition was completed in March 2022.


title: Nuance Communications

text: The company that would become Nuance was incorporated in 1992 as Visioneer. In 1999, Visioneer acquired ScanSoft, Inc. (SSFT), and the combined company became known as ScanSoft. In September 2005, ScanSoft Inc. acquired and merged with Nuance Communications, a natural language spinoff from SRI International. The resulting company adopted the Nuance name. During the prior decade, the two companies competed in the commercial large-scale speech application business.


title: Nuance Communications

text: In 1974, Raymond Kurzweil founded Kurzweil Computer Products, Inc. to develop the first omni-font optical character-recognition systema computer program capable of recognizing text written in any normal font. In 1980, Kurzweil sold his company to Xerox. The company became known as Xerox Imaging Systems (XIS), and later ScanSoft.


title: Nuance Communications

text: In March 1992, a new company called Visioneer, Inc. was founded to develop scanner hardware and software products, such as a sheetfed scanner called PaperMax and the document management software PaperPort. Visioneer eventually sold its hardware division to Primax Electronics, Ltd. in January 1999. Two months later, in March, Visioneer acquired ScanSoft from Xerox to form a new public company with ScanSoft as the new company-wide name.


title: Nuance Communications

text: Prior to 2001, ScanSoft focused primarily on desktop imaging software such as TextBridge, PaperPort and OmniPage. Beginning with the December 2001 acquisition of Lernout & Hauspie assets, the company moved into the speech recognition business and began to compete with Nuance. Lernout & Hauspie had acquired speech recognition company Dragon Systems in June 2001, shortly before becoming bankrupt in October.


title: Nuance Communications

text: In 2013, Nuance confirmed that its natural language processing algorithms supported Apple's Siri voice assistant.


title: Nuance Communications

text: On April 12, 2021, Microsoft announced that it will buy Nuance Communications for $19.7 billion, or $56 a share, a 22% increase over the previous closing price. Nuance's CEO, Mark Benjamin, will stay with the company. This will be Microsoft's second-biggest deal ever, after its purchase of LinkedIn for $24 billion in 2016. Shortly after the deal, the Competition and Markets Authority, a UK regulatory body, stated it was looking into the deal on the basis of antitrust concerns. In December 2021, it was reported that the deal would be approved by the European Union. The acquisition was completed on March 4, 2022.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Svetlana Ražnatović ( Veličković; , ; born 14 June 1973), better known by her stage name Ceca (, ), is a Serbian singer and television personality. Often referred to as the "Serbian mother", she is recognized as one of the most popular pop-folk singers in Serbia. Ceca has released sixteen studio albums, which have collectively sold around seven million records, making her one of the best-selling Serbian artists of all time.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Svetlana Veličković was born on 14 June 1973 in Prokuplje to parents Mira and Slobodan Veličković. She grew up in the nearby village of Žitorađa. Ceca has a younger sister named Lidija.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: While vacationing with her family on the coast of Montenegro as a teenager, Ražnatović was discovered by the prominent accordion instrumentalist Mirko Kodić, who helped her to pursue a recording career. In 1988, she debuted with "Cvetak zanovetak", which was released through PGP-RTB. The title song was also awarded at the Ilidža Folk Music Festival. Following several moderately successful albums, in 1993, she started collaborating with song-writing duo Marina Tucaković and Milan Radulović on her fifth album "Kukavica", released under Juvekomerc. It was promoted with her first national tour and her first solo concert held at Belgrade's Tašmajdan Center. "Ja još spavam u tvojoj majici" was subsequently released in June 1994. The following year, she released "Fatalna ljubav" through PGP-RTS, featuring one of her greatest hits - "Beograd" ("Belgrade"), which was written by Bosnian musician Dino Merlin. The album was succeeded with a concert at Hala Pionir. Ceca also starred as Koštana in the 1996 film adaptation of Borisav Stanković's novel "Impure Blood", but was eventually cut out from the picture due to poor critical reception. A year later, she released "Maskarada". Her tenth album, titled "Ceca 2000", was released in 1999.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: After the release of "Decenija" (2001) through Grand Production, in June 2002, Ražnatović performed at the Marakana Stadium in Belgrade to 70.000 people. Album "Gore od ljubavi" was released in May 2004 and "Idealno loša" was released in June 2006. The latter was promoted by Ceca's first concert at Belgrade's Ušće Park in 2006.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Album "Ljubav živi" was released in June 2011. It was followed by her fifteenth album, titled "Poziv", was released in June 2013 under City Records. On Vidovdan 2013, Ražnatović held her second live show at Belgrade's Ušće in front of 150,000 fans according to her management, which makes it one of the highest-attended concerts by a solo artist in the world. Album "Autogram" was released in 2016. Additionally to singing, she has served as a judge on the televised singing contests "Pinkove Zvezde" (2014–2016) and "Zvezde Granda" (2021–present).


title: Ceca (singer)

text: In 1993, Ceca was introduced to career criminal and paramilitary commander in the Yugoslav Wars, Željko "Arkan" Ražnatović by singer Oliver Mandić, while performing for the soldiers at a military camp in Erdut. They got married on 19 February 1995. Their wedding, which was broadcast internationally, was portrayed as the "Serbian fairytale" by the local media. The couple has two children - Veljko ( 1996) and Anastasija ( 1998). He was assassinated on 15 January 2000.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Following the assassination of Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić in March 2003, Ražnatović was arrested for illegal firearm possession as a part of the police Operation Sabre and subsequently spent 121 days in commitment.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: In 2011, Ražnatović, who had pleaded guilty, was also charged for embezzlement from the transfers of football players as the head of her husband's club, FK Obilić, and was sentenced with €1,5 million fine and to a year in house arrest.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Moreover, due to her legal issues, Ražnatović is officially banned from entering Croatia, being proclaimed "persona non grata".


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Ceca has also been involved in politics by serving as the honorary president of the Party of Serbian Unity before Arkan was assassinated.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: She publicly endorsed Aleksandar Vučić at the 2017 Serbian presidential election, as well as in the following elections. In January 2019, Ražnatović, alongside President Vučić, representatives of the Serbian Government and Irinej, Serbian Patriarch, was at the official welcoming party for Vladimir Putin at the plateau of Church of Saint Sava.


title: Ceca (singer)

text: Ražnatović has also maintained close ties with the Bosnian Serb politician Milorad Dodik and has publicaly endorsed him and his party SNSD. In June 2021, according to the reports of "Insajder", Ceca was flown in by the Government-owned helicopter from Belgrade to Dodik's hometown of Laktaši in Republika Srpska to attend a private wedding party.


title: James Vick

text: James William Vick (born February 23, 1987) is a retired American mixed martial artist and boxer who formerly competed in the welterweight and lightweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Vick was a cast member of "".


title: James Vick

text: Vick was born to a modest Texan family on February 23, 1987. He grew up in Olney, Texas with his five siblings. Vick took up boxing following his senior year at Olney High School in 2005. Mixed martial arts piqued his interest initially when he saw The Ultimate Fighter 1 around the time he graduated from high school. Nevertheless, he wound up playing basketball in junior college only to be kicked out of the team due to physical altercations and eventually dropping out of college too.


title: James Vick

text: After the failed attempt at college, Vick started training boxing under Jarred Kemp. Eventually, he became two-time Golden Gloves champion in the open division, winning the first title in 2007. Having already been training mixed martial arts during his amateur boxing tenure, Vick decided to drop off boxing in order to pursue MMA career.


title: James Vick

text: Vick began his professional career fighting in regional shows in his home state of Texas. His first four fights all came in 2011, where he went undefeated with four straight wins.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was one of 32 lightweight fighters announced by the UFC to participate in the first live season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show.


title: James Vick

text: Vick won his way into the house when he defeated Dakota Cochrane by split decision after one round. He was then chosen to be part of Team Cruz as Cruz's fifth pick and ninth overall.


title: James Vick

text: For the first official fight of the show, he was chosen to fight Team Faber's third pick Daron Cruickshank. After a rough first part of the round, Vick landed a knee on Cruickshank as he shot in for a takedown, and won the fight by knockout in the first round.


title: James Vick

text: His quarter-final fight came against Team Faber's Joe Proctor. Vick was able to dominate the fight, out-striking Proctor on the feet and successfully defending all of Proctor's take down attempts. Vick won the fight by unanimous decision, earning his way into the semi-final round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was selected to fight Team Faber fighter and eventual show winner, Michael Chiesa, in the semi-final round. Vick lost the fight via TKO in the second round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was scheduled to face castmate Vinc Pichel on June 1, 2012, at . However, due to his TKO loss in the semifinals, Vick was unable to compete at the event and Pichel was pulled from the card as well.


title: James Vick

text: In his official debut, Vick faced Ramsey Nijem on August 17, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 26. He won the fight via submission at just 58 seconds into the first round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was expected to face promotional newcomer Valmir Lazaro on August 2, 2014, at UFC 176. However, after UFC 176 was cancelled, Vick/Lazaro was rescheduled and eventually took place on August 23, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 49. He won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.


title: James Vick

text: Vick faced Nick Hein on November 22, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 57. Vick won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: James Vick

text: Vick faced Jake Matthews on May 10, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 65. Vick won the fight via submission in the first round. The win also earned Vick his first "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was expected to face Evan Dunham on June 4, 2016, at UFC 199, filling in for an injured Leonardo Santos. In turn, Dunham pulled out for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Beneil Dariush. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was scheduled to face Johnny Case on February 4, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 104. However On January 19, Case pulled out the fight citing injury and was replaced by Abel Trujillo. Vick won by submission via submission in the third round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick faced Polo Reyes on May 13, 2017, at UFC 211. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. After the bout with Reyes, Vick signed a new, four-fight contract with UFC.


title: James Vick

text: Vick faced Joseph Duffy on November 4, 2017, at UFC 217. He won the fight via TKO in the second round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick was scheduled to face Paul Felder on July 14, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 133. However, Vick was pulled from that fight in favor of a main event bout with Justin Gaethje on August 25, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 135. He lost the fight via KO in the first round.


title: James Vick

text: Vick faced Dan Hooker on July 20, 2019, at UFC on ESPN 4. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round. Subsequently, Vick announced he will be moving up to the welterweight division.


title: James Vick

text: Vick faced Niko Price on October 12, 2019, at UFC on ESPN+ 19. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round.


title: James Vick

text: Following this fight, Vick's contract expired and the UFC elected not to renew it, making him a free agent.


title: James Vick

text: Following his release from the UFC, Vick fought André Fialho at XMMA event on January 30, 2021. Vick lost the fight by second-round technical knockout. Vick announced his retirement after the loss, stating:


title: James Vick

text: After a successful amateur boxing career, Vick turned professional in 2010, losing his debut via majority decision. Following retirement from mixed martial arts after a good decade in the sport, Vick returned to boxing in 2022. He faced Simon Alejandro Heredia Cortes on March 26, 2022, and won the bout via second-round technical knockout.


title: Renuka

text: Renuka, also known as Yellamma, is a Hindu goddess worshipped predominantly in the South Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and western state of Maharashtra. She is also known as the mother of Parashurama, the sixth avatar of the god Vishnu. Originally a Dravidian folk deity, she acquired the status of a mother goddess before eventually being associated with the legend of Parashurama.


title: Renuka

text: Renuka is venerated by a number of different appellations such as Yellamma, Ekvira, Ellai Amman, Padmakshi Renuka, and Ellai Amma Mahar, Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಯಲ್ಲಮ್ಮ ರೇಣುಕಾ, (Marathi: श्री. रेणुका / येल्लुआई, Tamil: ரேணு/ரேணுகை அம்மன், Telugu: శ్రీ రేణుక/ ఎల్లమ్మ) and is worshipped as the goddess of the fallen in the Hindu pantheon. Her devotees revere her as the "Mother of the universe" or Jagadamba.


title: Renuka

text: There are 4 incarnations of Adi parashakti ( Kamakshi) is worshipped. Vishalakshi in North, Renukakshi (Padmakshi) in West, Meenakshi in South and Bahulakshi in East.


title: Renuka

text: King Renu (father of Renuka) performed a yajna — a ritual performed to maintain peace and good health. He was blessed with a daughter, who originated from the fire of this yajna. Renuka was a bright and active child and became the most beloved child of her parents.


title: Renuka

text: When she was eight, Agastya, the guru of King Reṇu, advised him to have his daughter married to Jamadagni when she reached maturity. Jamadagni was the son of Ruchika and Satyavati and had obtained the blessings of the gods by performing severe penance. Renuka helped the Jamdagni in all of his tasks of performing various rituals and puja. After a while, Renuka was blessed with another daughter called Anjana. Renuka would wake up early in the morning to bathe in the Malaprabha River with complete concentration and devotion. Her devotion was so powerful that she was able to create a pot to hold water made only of sand, one fresh pot every day. She would fill this pot on the bank of the river and would use a snake which was nearby, turning it into a rope-like convolution and placing it on her head, so that it supported the pot. Thus, she brought the water to Jamdagni for his rituals of oblation.


title: Renuka

text: Renuka gave birth to five sons: Ṛumaṇvān, Suhotra, Vasu, Viśvāvasu, and Rama Bhargava. Rama Bhargava was the youngest and most beloved, gaining the favour of Shiva and Parvati. Rama performed severe penance and was bestowed with an axe (parashu), and was henceforth called as Parashurama (the sixth incarnation of Vishnu). One day, when Renuka went to the river, she saw a king make love to his wives. She was captivated by the sight, as a result of which she lost her concentration and devotion to her husband for a moment. As she was distracted, she lost her power of collecting water in unbaked pots, which she had gotten from her chastity. She lost the water that she had collected. Disappointed by this, she returned to the ashram in worry. Jamadagni had seen these events through his yogic power and was furious when she came back to the ashram.


title: Renuka

text: After being cursed by her husband, Renuka went east and sat in the forest to meditate. In her penance, she met with the saints Eknath and Joginath; and requested them to gain the mercy of her husband. They first consoled her and then instructed her to follow their advice exactly as told. They told her to purify herself, first bathing in a nearby lake, and then to worship a Shivalinga, which they had given to her. Next, she was asked to visit the nearby town and beg for rice from the houses (this ritual, called "Joga Bedodu", is still carried out by women during a particular month in Karnataka/ "Jogawa" in Marathi, "Yellamma Jogu" in Telangana).


title: Renuka

text: After collecting the rice, she was to give half to the saints and cook the remaining half, adding jaggery, partaking of the cooked rice with full devotion. They said that if she performed this ritual for three days, she would be able to visit her husband on the fourth day.


title: Renuka

text: Knowing the anger of Jamadagni, they warned her that she may not be fully pardoned by him and that she would have to experience the most difficult time of her life for a few minutes. "After that," they said, "you will be eternally revered and will be blessed with your husband. You will be worshipped by all the people henceforth." After blessing her thus, they disappeared. Renuka followed their instructions with devotion and worshipped the Shivalinga with reverence. On the fourth day, she went to see her husband.


title: Renuka

text: Jamadagni was still furious with Renuka and ordered his elder four sons to kill his wife, but all of them refused to kill their mother. Jamadagni cursed his four sons and reduced them to ashes for disobeying his order. Then, Jamadagni called his fifth son Parashurama, who was meditating on Shiva, and ordered him to behead Renuka. Parashurama immediately obeyed his father's words and beheaded his mother with his axe. Jamadagni was pleased by Parashurama's devotion and obedience towards him.


title: Renuka

text: He then offered a boon to Parushurama, who wisely asked for his mother and brothers to be brought back to life. Jamadagni was impressed by Parshuram's pragmatism and brought Renuka and her four sons back to life. Jamadagni felt strong remorse for what he had done to his beloved and compassionate wife. He then vowed not to get angered ever again and gave up "krodha" forever.


title: Renuka

text: According to a version of the tale, Renuka fled to the locale of a lower-caste community, hoping that her Brahmin son would not consent to follow her and execute her due to his high caste. However, the obedient Parashurama cast aside his discomfort and swung his axe, beheading both his mother and a lower-caste woman who had risen to obstruct his matricide. When Parashurama asked his boon of restoring his mother, Jamadagni offered him a magical pot of water that had to be sprinkled upon the head attached to the body of his mother. In his excitement, Parashurama accidentally fused the head of the lower-caste woman he had slain with the body of his mother, which both his father and he had to accept. The head of the high-caste Renuka was left behind in the community, retained as a shrine for the veneration of Renuka-Yellamma.


title: Renuka

text: One of the famous temples of Renuka Yellamma Thalli is located at Balkampet in Hyderabad where every year in Ashadha month Yellamma Kalyanothsavam is celebrated with thousands of pilgrims performing special rituals to get the blessings of Renuka Yellamma Thalli. The Murti of the goddess, interestingly, is 10 feet deeper than the ground level. There is also a well in the Balkampet Yellamma temple complex and some devotees believe that the water in the well heals all ills. Taking a bath here is supposed to purify one of all disorders and skin diseases. This holy water is called ‘tirtham’. An Akhand Jyoti is also present in the temple that was lit during the renovation.


title: Renuka

text: Every year, there is a gathering of 200,000 to 600,000 devotees at the Yellamma Gudi temple (Yellamma Temple) in Saundatti


title: Renuka

text: Three other very famous Temples of Renuka Yellamma are located in Mandapaka/Tanuku, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, Bidarahalli, Gadag, and Chaandragutti, Shimoga, Karnataka, India. Many devotees from different regions come to the temple in the month of Kartik and revere Renuka-Yellamma. It is believed that after her marriage with the sage Jamadagni, Renuka lived in this place. Renuka used to wake up early in the morning and bathe in the holy Tungabhadra River. With complete concentration and devotion to fill the pot, which she used to prepare out of the sand on the bank of the river and would hold the snake which was there and turn it into a convolution and place it on the head so that it supported the pot. She bought the pot to Jamdagni for the performance of rituals.


title: Renuka

text: There is a famous temple in Kavade Village of Alibag of Renuka Devi named "Padmakshi Renuka Devi", where people also call her "Aai mauli". She is also known as Kali, Bhairavi, Amba, Ekvira. Her sister is known as Jogeshwari. Her mount or Vahan is Vmshatki the animal made of 20 Guna. She is a newly formed Shakti peeth and is one of 108 Shakti peeth. Goddess has been described as having very beautiful charm and glory on her face with a loving nature.


title: Renuka

text: Another temple Renukambe [Yellamma] is atop a hill in Chandragutti, Soraba Taluk in Shimoga. This temple is an example of ancient architecture and dates back to the Kadamba period. Another temple is in Mahur, Maharashtra, the supposed birthplace of the goddess, which finds mention in "Devi Gita", the final chapter of Devi Bhagawatam as, "Matripura in the Sahyadri mountain; here the Devi Renuka dwells ...".


title: Renuka

text: One of the temples of Renuka Devi is Chandwad in Nasik. The temple was constructed by her highness Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore. The second place is Matripura in the Sahyadrî mountains.


title: Renuka

text: Another Temple of Devi is at Dhamnand-Posare, Taluka Khed, Maharashtra known as "Devi Yalubai". Another temple becoming famous is Nalgonda, Telangana where Tuesday is main auspicious day.


title: Renuka

text: In Tamil Nadu, Renugambal Amman Temple (it is Kuladaivam for Jambu Maharishi (Jamadagini) gotra Vanniyars), Senguntha Muthaliyars and other communities' people tracing their origin in that locality. The temple is situated in Padavedu, Thiruvannamalai District and it is one of the most important Sakthi Sthalas, another temple is located at Manthangal village, Ranipet district, Tamilnadu. The presiding deity here is called Kondi Amman (worshipped by Pokanati Reddys settled from the Carnatic-Andhra regions)


title: Renuka

text: Renuka Lake in the Renuka Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh is named after the goddess. According to one legend, the Haihaya King Sahasrarjuna (Kartavirya Arjuna) wanted the Kamadhenu cow from Jamadagni and Renuka. So for this he killed Jamadagni, and Renuka became sati along with Jamadagni at Mahurgadh, Maharashtra.


title: Renuka

text: Another famous temple for Renukambal is situated in Serampattu Village near Cheyyar in the Tiruvannamalai district. Thousands of people gather here during the Pongal festival. Another powerful temple of Renuka Parameshwari is located in Tiruchampalli near Sembanarkoil in the Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu.


title: Renuka

text: One more temple of Ellamma is situated at the village of Ragupathi Naicken Palayam of Erode, Tamilnadu. Ragupathi Naicken Palayam can be reached from Erode - Poondurai Road as well as Erode - Vellode Road. Although it is unclear when the temple was constructed, it is understood from the inscription placed at the temple that the temple was renovated by the Late Mr. Duraisamy Naicker in 1923. He is said to belong to the community of Banajiga (or Balija) of Lingayat Society which has origin in Karnataka but settled in Tamilnadu in the 19th century. The temple is maintained by people of the Banajiga community now. Maha Shivratri in the month of Maasi and the Full Moon day of Karthigai are celebrated by the Banajigas in this temple.


title: Renuka

text: Goddess Renuka and Lord Jamdagni Muni are worshipped in villages around Yamuna river in Rawain valley of Uttarkashi district in Uttaranchal. Many ancient temples in the region are dedicated to the divine couple – the famous being the Jamadagni temple at Thaan village near the bank of yamuna and Renuka temples in the uphill village of Devadokhri, Banchangaon, and Sarnaul. The region has an age-old tradition of celebrations in commemoration of the local deities, and managing the temple affairs and customs. The priesthood is claimed on the basis of ancestry and merit both, and mainly held by Khanduri, Semwal, and Dimri Brahmins of Uttaranchal. The week-long annual festivities in the month of June are main attraction for devotees around the region.


title: Puckle gun

text: The Puckle gun (also known as the defence gun) was a primitive crew-served, manually-operated flintlock revolver patented in 1718 by James Puckle (1667–1724), a British inventor, lawyer and writer. It was one of the earliest weapons to be referred to as a "machine gun", being called such in a 1722 shipping manifest, though its operation does not match the modern use of the term. It was never used during any combat operation or war. Production was highly limited and may have been as few as two guns.


title: Puckle gun

text: The Puckle gun is a tripod-mounted, single-barreled flintlock weapon fitted with a manually operated revolving cylinder; Puckle advertised its main application as an anti-boarding gun for use on ships. The barrel was long with a bore of . The cylinder held 6 to 11 shots depending on configuration, and was hand-loaded with powder and shot while detached from the weapon.


title: Puckle gun

text: According to the Patent Office of the United Kingdom, "In the reign of Queen Anne, the law officers of the Crown established as a condition of grant that 'the patentee must by an instrument in writing describe and ascertain the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.'" This gun's patent, number 418 of 1718, was one of the first to provide such a description. T. W. Lee remarked, however, that "James Puckle's patent in 1718 contains more rhetorical fervor than technical rigor."


title: Puckle gun

text: Puckle demonstrated two configurations of the basic design: one, intended for use against Christian enemies, fired conventional round bullets, while the second, designed to be used against the Muslim Turks, fired square bullets. The square bullets were considered to be more damaging. They would, according to the patent, "convince the Turks of the benefits of Christian civilization". The weapon was also reported as able to fire shot, with each discharge containing sixteen musket balls.


title: Puckle gun

text: The Puckle gun firing mechanism is similar to a conventional flintlock musket. After each shot, a crank on the rear of the threaded shaft that ran through the cylinder would be turned, allowing the cylinder to be rotated by hand to the next chamber. Rotating the cylinder would cause a slot and stud mechanism to close the firing pan on the previous chamber and open the next ready to be primed. The crank was then screwed tight again, locking the tapered end of the chamber into the barrel to form a gas-tight seal. The flintlock mechanism was then primed and the weapon fired by operating a long trigger lever which extended down to about the level of the operator's waist.


title: Puckle gun

text: To reload, the crank handle could be unscrewed completely to detach the cylinder, which could then be replaced with a fresh one. In this way it was similar to earlier breech-loading swivel guns with a detachable chamber which could be loaded prior to use. The cylinder appears to have been referred to as a "charger" in contemporary documentation.


title: Puckle gun

text: All known examples of Puckle guns have a folding tripod mount. The gun was balanced well on the tripod and could be elevated or traversed by the operator to aim it.


title: Puckle gun

text: A prototype was shown in 1717 to Great Britain's Board of Ordnance, who were not impressed. At a later public trial held in 1722, a Puckle gun was able to fire 63 shots in seven minutes (approximately nine rounds per minute) in the midst of a driving rain storm. A rate of nine rounds per minute compared favourably to musketeers of the period, who could be expected to fire between two and five rounds per minute depending on the quality of the troops, with experienced troops expected to reliably manage three rounds a minute under fair conditions; it was however inferior in fire rate to earlier repeating weapons such as the Kalthoff repeater which fired up to six times faster.


title: Puckle gun

text: The Puckle gun drew few investors and never achieved mass production or sales to the British armed forces. As with other designs of the time it was hampered by "clumsy and undependable flintlock ignition" and other mechanical problems. A leaflet of the period sarcastically observed of the venture that "they're only wounded who hold shares therein". Production was highly limited and may have been as few as just two guns, one a crude prototype made of iron, the other a finished weapon made from brass.


title: Puckle gun

text: John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, Master-General of the Ordnance during 1740–1749, purchased two guns for an unsuccessful expedition in 1722 to capture St Lucia and St Vincent. While shipping manifests state "2 Machine Guns of Puckles" (sic) were among the cargo that departed from Portsmouth, there is no evidence that the guns were ever used in battle.


title: Puckle gun

text: Two original examples are on display at former Montagu homes: one at Boughton House and another at Beaulieu Palace House. There is a replica of a Puckle gun at Buckler's Hard Maritime Museum in Hampshire. Blackmore's "British Military Firearms 1650–1850" lists "Puckle's brass gun in the Tower of London" as illustration 77, though this appears to have been a gun belonging to the former Montagu estate (at that point owned by the Buccleuch family) on loan to the Tower at the time.


title: Puckle gun

text: There is another example from China's Palace Museum in the Forbidden City in Beijing. According to the official record, it was among the three Puckle guns that were given as gift to the Emperor in 1804. The Chinese named them "lunzipao" (轮子炮), meaning "wheel gun". The curators did not know its true origin, and mistook the flint lock as the sight, and the gun as fired by lit match.


title: Puckle gun

text: One example of brass Puckle Gun was apparently brought by Tsar Pyotr I and delivered to Russia in 1718. Currently it resides in the collection of Military History Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps.


title: Puckle gun

text: Elisha Collier invented a flintlock revolver in 1814, nearly a hundred years after the Puckle gun (though examples of flintlock and matchlock revolvers exist much earlier, with the earliest known dating back to the 15th century). Unlike the Puckle, the cylinder of the Collier was not interchangeable, slowing reloading, but would have had a faster rate of fire for its five chambers due to the integral cylinder advancing of its single-action revolver mechanism, self-priming mechanism, and the lack of a need to screw and unscrew the cylinder between shots.


title: Puckle gun

text: During the period between the widespread adoption of the revolver, but prior to widespread use of cartridges, a common method of increasing reload speed was to replace a revolver's entire cylinder with another pre-loaded one, similar to the Puckle gun. This practice was primarily done on Remington revolvers, as their cylinders were easily removable and were held by a cylinder pin, unlike the early Colt revolvers which were held together by wedges that went through the cylinder pins.


title: Puckle gun

text: A single example of a two-inch bore, five-shot revolver cannon was built and used by the Confederate States of America during the Siege of Petersburg. It was captured on 27 April 1865 by Union troops and sent for examination to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.


title: Puckle gun

text: In the 2014 video game "Assassin's Creed: Rogue", protagonist Shay Cormac has a total of four Puckle guns equipped on his ship, the "Morrigan", which replace the swivel guns used in "". However, these Puckle guns possess a comparatively staggering fire rate of around 120 RPM, rendering them virtually unrecognizable from their historical inspiration in terms of utility. The player can upgrade the ship's Puckle guns over the course of the game to be more powerful and have larger breech cylinders to hold more ammunition.


title: Puckle gun

text: In the 2009 video game Empire: Total War, player can use Puckle guns during real-time battles, among other types of foot artillery, after researching certain technologies from tech tree.


title: ASIMO

text: ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000. It is displayed in the Miraikan museum in Tokyo, Japan. On 8 July 2018, Honda posted the last update of Asimo through their official page stating that it would be ceasing all development and production of Asimo robots in order to focus on more practical applications using the technology developed through Asimo's lifespan. The name was chosen in honor of Isaac Asimov. It made its last active appearance in March 2022, over 20 years after its first, as Honda announced that they are retiring the robot to concentrate on remote-controlled, avatar-style, robotic technology.


title: ASIMO

text: There are four published models of the Asimo. A few years after the release in 2002 there were 20 units of the first Asimo model produced. As of February 2009, there were over 100 ASIMO units in existence.


title: ASIMO

text: Honda began developing humanoid robots in the 1980s, including several prototypes that preceded ASIMO. It was the company's goal to create a walking robot. E0 was the first bipedal (two-legged) model produced as part of the Honda E series, which was an early experimental line of self-regulating, humanoid walking robot with wireless movements created between 1986 and 1993.


title: ASIMO

text: on the E- and P-series led to the creation of ASIMO. Development began at Honda's "Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center" in Japan in 1999 and ASIMO was unveiled in October 2000. ASIMO is an acronym which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility. The Japanese word Asi also stands for 'leg' and Mo for 'mobility'. ASIMO is pronounced as " and means 'also legs'.


title: ASIMO

text: In 2018, Honda ceased the commercial development of ASIMO, although it will continue to be developed as a research platform and make public appearances.


title: ASIMO

text: ASIMO stands tall and weighs . Research conducted by Honda found that the ideal height for a mobility assistant robot was between 120 cm and the height of an average adult, which is conducive to operating door knobs and light switches. ASIMO is powered by a rechargeable 51.8 V lithium-ion battery with an operating time of one hour. Switching from a nickel metal hydride in 2004 increased the amount of time ASIMO can operate before recharging. ASIMO has a three-dimensional computer processor that was created by Honda and consists of a three stacked die, a processor, a signal converter and memory. The computer that controls ASIMO's movement is housed in the robot's waist area and can be controlled by a PC, wireless controller, or voice commands.


title: ASIMO

text: ASIMO has the ability to recognize moving objects, postures, gestures, its surrounding environment, sounds and faces, which enables it to interact with humans. The robot can detect the movements of multiple objects by using visual information captured by two camera "eyes" in its head and also determine distance and direction. This feature allows ASIMO to follow or face a person when approached. The robot interprets voice commands and human gestures, enabling it to recognize when a handshake is offered or when a person waves or points, and then respond accordingly. ASIMO's ability to distinguish between voices and other sounds allows it to identify its companions. ASIMO is able to respond to its name and recognizes sounds associated with a falling object or collision. This allows the robot to face a person when spoken to or look towards a sound. ASIMO responds to questions by nodding or providing a verbal answer in different languages and can recognize approximately 10 different faces and address them by name.


title: ASIMO

text: There are sensors that assist in autonomous navigation. The two cameras inside the head are used as a visual sensor to detect obstacles. The lower portion of the torso has ground sensor which comprises one laser sensor and one infrared sensor. The laser sensor is used to detect ground surface. The infrared sensor with automatic shutter adjustment based on brightness is used to detect pairs of floor markings to confirm the navigable paths of the planned map. The pre-loaded map and the detection of floor markings help the robot to precisely identify its present location and continuously adjust its position. There are front and rear ultrasonic sensors to sense the obstacles. The front sensor is located at the lower portion of the torso together with the ground sensor. The rear sensor is located at the bottom of the backpack.


title: ASIMO

text: Honda's work with ASIMO led to further research on walking assist devices that resulted in innovations such as the Stride Management Assist and the Bodyweight Support Assist.


title: ASIMO

text: In honor of ASIMO's 10th anniversary in November 2010, Honda developed an application for the iPhone and Android smartphones called "Run with ASIMO." Users learn about the development of ASIMO by virtually walking the robot through the steps of a race and then sharing their lap times on Twitter and Facebook.


title: ASIMO

text: Since ASIMO was introduced in 2000, the robot has traveled around the world and performed in front of international audiences. ASIMO made its first public appearance in the U.S. in 2002 when it rang the bell to open trade sessions for the New York Stock Exchange. From January 2003 to March 2005, the robot toured the U.S. and Canada, demonstrating its abilities for more than 130,000 people. From 2003 to 2004, ASIMO was part of the North American educational tour, where it visited top science and technology museums and academic institutions throughout North America. The goal of the tour was to encourage students to study science through a live show that highlighted ASIMO's abilities. Additionally, the robot visited top engineering and computer science colleges and universities across the US as part of the ASIMO Technology Circuit Tour in an effort to encourage students to consider scientific careers. In 2004, ASIMO was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Robot Hall of Fame. In March 2005, the robot walked the red carpet at the world premiere of the computer-animated film, "Robots". In June 2005, ASIMO became a feature in a show called "Say 'Hello' to Honda's ASIMO" at Disneyland's Innoventions attraction, which was a part of the Tomorrowland area of the park. This was the only permanent installation of ASIMO in North America until Innoventions was closed in April 2015.


title: ASIMO

text: The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2003 for private demonstrations at the Science Museum in London. ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, South Africa and Australia. In October 2008, ASIMO greeted Prince Charles during a visit to the Miraikan Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine.


title: ASIMO

text: In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together. The demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with another ASIMO, recognize when to recharge its battery and perform new tasks, such as carrying a tray and pushing a cart.


title: ASIMO

text: In 2008, ASIMO conducted the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in a performance of "The Impossible Dream" to bring attention to its partnership with the Orchestra and support the performing arts in Detroit. A 49-foot replica of ASIMO made with natural materials, such as lettuce seed, rice and carnations led the 120th Rose Parade in celebration of Honda's 50th year of operation in the USA. Later that year, the robot made an appearance in Italy at the Genoa Science Festival.


title: ASIMO

text: In January 2010, Honda debuted its "Living With Robots" documentary at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. The film focuses on the experience of human interaction with robots like ASIMO. ASIMO attended the Ars Electronica festival in Linz, Austria in September 2010, which allowed Honda to study the results of human and robot interaction and use the results to guide development of future versions of the robot. In April 2011, ASIMO was demonstrated at the FIRST Championship in St. Louis, Missouri, US to encourage students to pursue studies in math, science and engineering, and in November 2011 ASIMO was one of the star attractions at the first Abu Dhabi Science Festival.


title: ASIMO

text: ASIMO visited the Ontario Science Center in Toronto in May 2011 and demonstrated its abilities to Canadian students. The robot later traveled to Ottawa for the unveiling of an exhibit at the Canadian Museum of Civilization 19 May through 22 May 2011.


title: ASIMO

text: ASIMO appeared as a guest on the British quiz show "QI" on 2 December 2011. After serving water to host Stephen Fry and dancing with comedian Jo Brand, ASIMO won with 32 points.


title: ASIMO

text: ASIMO was also the inspiration behind 2012's film "Robot & Frank", where a robot assists an aging man to commit his last job as a 'cat burglar'. The robot in the film, portrayed by an actor in costume, has the appearance of an ASIMO robot.


title: Cold welding

text: Cold welding or contact welding is a solid-state welding process in which joining takes place without fusion or heating at the interface of the two parts to be welded. Unlike in fusion welding, no liquid or molten phase is present in the joint.


title: Cold welding

text: Cold welding was first recognized as a general materials phenomenon in the 1940s. It was then discovered that two clean, flat surfaces of similar metal would strongly adhere if brought into contact while in a vacuum (see Van der Waals force). Newly discovered micro- and nano-scale cold welding has shown potential in nanofabrication processes.


title: Cold welding

text: Cold welding is common in jointing solid copper wires. Wire heads are put in claws and pressed together. This process is repeated until the joint is solid. Small wires can be jointed with hand-held manual welders while larger wires require hydraulic welders. The joint is firmer than basic wire.


title: Cold welding

text: Applications include wire stock and electrical connections (such as insulation-displacement connectors and wire wrap connections).


title: Cold welding

text: In 2009 the European Space Agency published a peer reviewed paper detailing why cold welding is a significant issue that spacecraft designers need to carefully consider. The paper also cites a documented example from 1991 with the Galileo spacecraft high-gain antenna.


title: Cold welding

text: One source of difficulty is that cold welding does not exclude relative motion between the surfaces that are to be joined. This allows the broadly defined notions of galling, fretting, stiction and adhesion to overlap in some instances. For example, it is possible for a joint to be the result of both cold (or "vacuum") welding and galling (or fretting or impact). Galling and cold welding, therefore, are not mutually exclusive.


title: Cold welding

text: Unlike cold welding process at macro-scale which normally requires large applied pressures, scientists discovered that single-crystalline ultrathin gold nanowires (diameters less than 10 nm) can be cold-welded together within seconds by mechanical contact alone, and under remarkably low applied pressures. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and in-situ measurements reveal that the welds are nearly perfect, with the same crystal orientation, strength and electrical conductivity as the rest of the nanowire. The high quality of the welds is attributed to the nanoscale sample dimensions, oriented-attachment mechanisms and mechanically assisted fast surface diffusion. Nanoscale welds were also demonstrated between gold and silver, and silver and silver, indicating that the phenomenon may be generally applicable and therefore offer an atomistic view of the initial stages of macroscopic cold welding for either bulk metals or metallic thin film.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: Kyle Thomas Harvey (born May 18, 1993), known mononymously as Kyle and SuperDuperKyle (formerly known as K.i.D, an acronym for Kyle is Determined), is an American rapper from Ventura, California. He is best known for his 2016 breakout single "iSpy" (featuring Lil Yachty), which peaked at number 4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Signed to Indie-Pop and Atlantic Records, Kyle is also known for his association with the SuperDuperCrew which consists of Brick, Jesus, and Maxx.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: Kyle has collaborated with artists such as Waywo, Kehlani, Lil Yachty, G-Eazy, Chance the Rapper, Miguel, MadeinTYO, Yuna, and Ty Dolla Sign, among others. Some of his songs in addition to "iSpy" include "Keep It Real", "Doubt It", "King Wavy", and his 2018 hit single "Playinwitme". In 2015, "Rolling Stone" named him as "one of the ten artists you need to know".


title: Kyle (musician)

text: His commercial mixtapes "Beautiful Loser" and "Smyle" were released in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Kyle's debut studio album "Light of Mine" was released in 2018 to positive reviews and reached within the top-30 of the "Billboard" 200.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: Kyle made his acting debut in the 2018 Netflix original film "The After Party". He also released a single from the film "Moment" (featuring Wiz Khalifa). His second album "See You When I Am Famous" was released on July 17, 2020.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: Harvey was born in the Reseda neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, to a single mother, in a home of eight family members and two siblings. He grew up one hour away in Ventura. He stated that he has a speech impediment and that during his youth he was bullied because of it. Harvey attended Ventura High School and regularly took part in drama classes which helped his confidence largely.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: He started singing at the age of 6 and was writing and performing his own songs by elementary school. Harvey started rapping when he was about 13 years old and began recording music after hearing Kid Cudi's "". Harvey's first songs were recorded on PreSonus' Studio One recording software using his aunt's computer while in high school.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: Kyle started releasing mixtapes such as "Senior Year", "Second Semester", "FxL", "Super Duper", and "K.i.D" under the monikers KiddKash and K.i.D starting in 2009 to 2012.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: In May 2014, he was featured in G-Eazy's music video for "I Mean It" as a technical director on the fictional news set.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: In October 2015, he released his follow up commercial mixtape "Smyle". The album peaked on the "Billboard" 200 at number 76. The album featured a guest spot by Chance the Rapper on the track "Remember Me?" and has garnered over 2 million views on YouTube.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: Kyle's first music video to reach one million views was "Keep It Real", which was accomplished later that year.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: In December 2016, he released the single "iSpy", featuring Lil Yachty. The song gained widespread recognition for Kyle. The song peaked at number 4 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 14 on the Canadian Hot 100.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: In June 2017, Kyle was named as one of the ten 2017 "XXL" Freshmen along with A Boogie wit da Hoodie, PnB Rock, Playboi Carti, Ugly God, Aminé, MadeinTYO, Kamaiyah, Kap G, and XXXTentacion.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: In March 2018, alongside the release of his single "Playinwitme" featuring Kehlani, Kyle announced that Khalid would be featured on a track titled "iMissMe". Kyle's debut studio album "Light of Mine" was released on May 18, 2018. The album debuted at number 29 on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: He appeared as the main character in the Netflix original film, "The After Party", which debuted on August 24, 2018.


title: Kyle (musician)

text: His second album "See You When I Am Famous" was released on July 17, 2020, and was supported by the singles "Yes!", "What It Is" and "Bouncin".


title: Kyle (musician)

text: On January 28, 2022, Kyle released the album "It's Not So Bad", his fifth project and first as a newly independent artist.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was tried and hanged under the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. One of the accusations brought against him was of him ordering the Istanbul pogrom against citizens of Greek ethnicity. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup and is also one of the four political leaders of the Turkish Republic (along with Kemal Atatürk, Süleyman Demirel and Turgut Özal) to have had a mausoleum built in his honour.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Adnan Menderes was born in 1899 in Koçarlı, Aydın Province, as a son of a wealthy landowner of Crimean Tatar origin. After primary school, Menderes attended the American College in İzmir. He fought against the invading Greek army during the Turkish War of Independence and was awarded a medal of honour. In the summer of 1919, a çete section under Adnan tortured and murdered a group of 31 Greek boy scouts in the region of Aydın. He graduated from the Law School of Ankara University. In 1930, Menderes organized a branch of the short-lived Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) in Aydın. After the party dissolved itself, he was invited by Atatürk himself to join the ruling Republican People's Party and was selected by the party leaders as a deputy of Aydın in 1931. In 1945, he was expelled from the party with two other colleagues due to inner-party opposition to the nationalization policies of İsmet İnönü.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: In June 1945, Menderes, together with Celâl Bayar, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan demanded more political and democratic freedom in their Motion with four signatures. The motion was not approved by any member of the Turkish parliament except for the four who brought the motion to parliament, and by September 1945, Menderes, Köprülü and Koraltan were all stripped of their membership of the CHP due to their opposition to the Turkish government. Bayar then resigned from parliament and later also the party. On 7 January 1946, the four formed the Democratic Party (DP) and in the 1946 elections Menderes was elected deputy of the Democratic Party representing Kütahya. When the DP won 52% of the votes in the first free elections in Turkish history on 14 May 1950 (in which votes were cast in secret and counted openly), Menderes became prime minister, and in 1955 he also assumed the duties of foreign minister. He later won two more free elections, one in 1954 and the other in 1957.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: During the 10 years of his term as prime minister, the Turkish economy was growing at a rate of 9% per annum. He supported an eventual Military alliance with the Western Bloc and during his tenure, Turkey was admitted to the NATO in 1952. With the economic support of the United States via the Marshall Plan, agriculture was mechanized; and transport, energy, education, health care, insurance and banking progressed.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Other historical accounts highlight the economic crisis in the mid-1950s, during Menderes's term, which saw Turkey's economy contract (with an 11% GDP/capita decrease in 1954), as one of the reasons for the government's orchestration of the Istanbul pogrom against the Greek ethnic minority (see below).


title: Adnan Menderes

text: In 1955, the Menderes government is believed to have orchestrated the Istanbul pogrom, which targeted the city's substantial Greek ethnic minority. In September 1955 a bomb exploded close to the Turkish consulate in Greece's second-largest city, Thessaloniki, also damaging the Atatürk Museum, site of Atatürk's birthplace. The damage to the house was minimal, with some broken windows. In retaliation, in Istanbul thousands of shops, houses, churches and even graves belonging to members of the ethnic Greek minority were destroyed within a few hours, over a dozen people were killed and many more injured.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: The ongoing struggle between Turkey and Greece over control of Cyprus, and Cypriot intercommunal violence, formed part of the backdrop to the pogrom. The United Kingdom invited Turkey and Greece to a conference in London, which started on 26 August 1955. The day before the Tripartite London Conference (29 August – 7 September 1955) began, Menderes claimed that Greek Cypriots were planning a massacre of Turkish Cypriots. Seeing the opportunity to extricate Britain, Prime Minister Anthony Eden advised the Turkish delegates that they should be stern. Foreign Minister Fatin Rüştü Zorlu paid heed to Eden and launched a harsh opening salvo, stating that Turkey would reconsider its commitment to the Treaty of Lausanne unless Greece reconsidered its position on Cyprus. The Greek delegates, surprised by the harshness of the speech, blamed the British.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Deflecting domestic attention to Cyprus was politically convenient for the Menderes government, which was suffering from an ailing economy. Although a minority, the Greek population played a prominent role in the city's business life, making it a convenient scapegoat during the economic crisis in the mid-1950s. The DP responded first with inflationary policies, then when that failed, with authoritarianism and populism. DP's policies also introduced rural-urban mobility, which exposed some of the rural population to the lifestyles of the urban minorities. The three chief destinations were the largest three cities: Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. Between 1945 and 1955, the population of Istanbul increased from 1 million to about 1.6 million. Many of these new residents found themselves in shanty towns (), and constituted a prime target for populist policies.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Finally, the conference fell apart on 6 September, the first day the subject of Cyprus would be broached at the conference, when news broke of the bombing in Thessaloniki.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: The 1961 Yassıada trials after the 1960 coup d'état accused Menderes and Foreign Minister Fatin Rüştü Zorlu of planning the riots, finding that the supposed assault was in fact a provocation organised by the Menderes government, which planted the bomb in Thessaloniki and also bussed infuriated villagers from Anatolia into Istanbul with the aim of "punishing" Greeks. Menderes subsequently apologized and offered compensation to those affected.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: On 17 February 1959, the Turkish Airlines aircraft Vickers Viscount Type 793, registration TC-SEV, carrying Adnan Menderes and a party of government officials on a flight from Istanbul to London Gatwick Airport crashed a few miles short of the runway, near Rusper, Sussex, in heavy fog and caught fire. Nine of the sixteen passengers and five of the eight crew lost their lives. Menderes, sitting in the back part of the plane, survived the accident almost uninjured and was hospitalized at the London Clinic 90 minutes after receiving first aid from Margaret Bailey, a local resident who rushed to the crash site.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: He was on his way to sign the London Agreements on the Cyprus issue with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Greek Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis, which gave the three sides the right to intervene in Cyprus in case peace is broken by any of the parties.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Menderes signed the London Agreement on 19 February 1959 in the hospital. He returned home on 26 February 1959 and was welcomed by even his arch-rival İsmet İnönü and a large crowd.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Menderes became quite famous for selling or distributing most of the estate he had inherited to small shareholders. He was more tolerant towards traditional lifestyles and different forms of practice of Islam than Atatürk and his party had been – he campaigned in the 1950 elections on the platform of legalizing the Arabic Islamic call to prayer ("adhan"), which had been banned in order to wean Turkey from Arabic influences. He re-opened thousands of mosques across the country which had been closed down, and as such, he was blamed by his political opponents for using religion as a tool for political gain. One of his first political moves was to exclude the pictures of İsmet İnönü on Turkish banknotes and stamps and instead put Atatürk pictures back, which were taken off when Inönü became president in 1938. Thanks to the public support and the legacy of Atatürk, it was a successful move, even if the Turkish law under the former president stated that the image of the president of the country would be placed on the banknotes (in this case Celal Bayar). In one of his speeches, he said that members of parliament could bring back the caliphate if they so desired.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: While remaining pro-Western, he was more active than his predecessors in building relations with Muslim states. Menderes had a more liberal economic policy than earlier prime ministers, and allowed more private enterprise. In general, his economic policies of high agricultural spending, especially in infrastructure meant that the peasants of Turkey appreciated his premiership.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: He was most intolerant towards criticism, so he instituted press censorship and had journalists arrested, as well as attempting to oppress the opposing political parties and take institutions such as universities under his control. Menderes who was well liked by the people in general and also had the support of the Army Chief of Staff General Cemal Gürsel who, in a personal patriotic memorandum, had advocated that Menderes should become the president of the republic to secure the national unity, became increasingly unpopular among the intellectuals, university students and a group of radical young officers in the military, who feared that the ideals of Atatürk were in danger.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: The most important event that brought his fall from power was probably the establishment of Commission of Inquiries ("Tahkikat Komisyonu"). The commission, composed only of Democratic Party MPs and bestowed those MPs with the powers of public and military prosecutors along with the right to give a verdict. This was against the principle of separation of powers and gave the MPs the power to both prosecute and judge. Furthermore, the commission's verdicts could not be taken to the appeal courts.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: A military coup on 27 May 1960, organized by 37 "young officers", deposed the government, and Menderes was arrested along with Bayar and all the leading party members. They were charged with violating the constitution, ordering the Istanbul pogrom, in which 57 Greeks were killed, and embezzling money from state funds.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Menderes and other leading figures of the DP were put on trial by a military court on the island of Yassıada (see Yassıada trials). Along with Bayar and two former cabinet ministers, Menderes was sentenced to death. He delayed his execution with a suicide attempt by taking an overdose of sleeping pills. Despite pleas for forgiveness by Head of State Cemal Gürsel and even from İsmet İnönü (in addition to similar pleas from several world leaders, including John F. Kennedy and Queen Elizabeth II), Menderes was executed by the junta at the gallows on the island of İmralı on 17 September 1961. The sentence of ex-President Bayar was commuted to imprisonment.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: Two months later, İsmet İnönü formed a new government under military tutelage, in coalition and with the help of the newly emerging Justice Party (in Turkish: "Adalet Partisi"), after these two major parties among themselves took the majority of the votes in 1961 elections. Adalet Partisi, the successor of the heritage of Menderes, would win victories in later elections especially under the leadership of Süleyman Demirel.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: On 17 September 1990, the 29th anniversary of Menderes' execution, he was posthumously pardoned by the Turkish Parliament and his grave was moved to a mausoleum named after him in Istanbul. Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan, who were the foreign affairs minister and finance minister, respectively in the last Menderes administration, and who were hanged with Menderes by the junta in 1961, were also posthumously cleared of any misconduct. Adnan Menderes University in Aydın and Adnan Menderes Airport in İzmir are named after him. Two high schools, Istanbul Bahcelievler Adnan Menderes Anadolu Lisesi and Aydın Adnan Menderes Anadolu Lisesi, also adopted his name. There are numerous city districts, boulevards and streets named after him by city councils in cities large and small, all across Turkey.


title: Adnan Menderes

text: In 2006, Mehmet Feyyat, attorney general of Istanbul at the time, suggested that "İsmet İnönü and Cemal Gürsel placed phone calls to the prison's administration for Menderes' execution to be halted but the Communications Office of the junta cut the lines off".


title: Toreador Song

text: The Toreador Song is the popular name for the aria "" ("I toast you"), from the French opera "Carmen", composed by Georges Bizet to a libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy. It is sung by the bullfighter (French: "toréador") Escamillo as he enters in act 2 and describes various situations in the bullring, the cheering of the crowds and the fame that comes with victory. The refrain, "", forms the middle part of the of "Carmen".


title: Toreador Song

text: The bass-baritone couplet has a vocal range from B to F and a tessitura from C to E. Its time signature is common time (4/4), its key is F minor with the refrain in F major. The tempo indication is "allegro molto moderato", =108.


title: Toreador Song

text: The orchestra introduces the first melodic section, which is jaunty and flashy. Like Carmen's Habanera, it is built on a descending chromatic scale as Escamillo describes his experiences in the bullfighting ring. In the chorus praising the toreador, the music turns celebratory and confident in character.


title: Black helicopter

text: The black helicopter is a symbol of an alleged conspiratorial military takeover of the United States in the American militia movement, and has also been associated with UFOs, especially in the UK, men in black, and similar conspiracies.


title: Black helicopter

text: Stories of black helicopters first appeared in the 1970s, and were linked to reports of cattle mutilation. It is possible that the idea originated in Hal Lindsey's book "The Late, Great Planet Earth", published in 1970 and popular among conspiracy theorists. Lindsey conjectured that the locust-like creatures referenced in the Book of Revelation in the New Testament were actually helicopters, which John had never seen and thus did not know how to describe.


title: Black helicopter

text: Jim Keith wrote two books on the subject: "Black Helicopters Over America: Strikeforce for the New World Order" (1995), and "Black Helicopters II: The End Game Strategy" (1998).


title: Black helicopter

text: Media attention to black helicopters increased in February 1995, when first-term Republican northern Idaho Representative Helen Chenoweth charged that armed federal agents were landing black helicopters on Idaho ranchers' property to enforce the Endangered Species Act. "I have never seen them", Chenoweth said in an interview in "The New York Times". "But enough people in my district have become concerned that I can't just ignore it. We do have some proof."


title: Black helicopter

text: The black helicopters conjecture resonates well with the belief held by some in the militia movement that troops from the United Nations might invade the United States. The John Birch Society originally promoted it, asserting that a United Nations force would soon arrive in black helicopters to bring the US under UN control. A similar theory concerning so-called "phantom helicopters" appeared in the UK in the 1970s.


title: Black helicopter

text: The following organizations and government agencies are known to operate black and/or unmarked helicopters in the United States for unclassified uses:


title: Panzerlied

text: The Panzerlied (English: "Tank Song") was a Wehrmacht military march of the Nazi era, sung primarily by the Panzerwaffe, the tank force of Nazi Germany during World War II. It is one of the best-known songs of the Wehrmacht and was popularised by the 1965 film "Battle of the Bulge". It is still used today by the Chilean and Brazilian armies The modern-day German Army has discontinued its use, due to the song's Nazi origins.


title: Panzerlied

text: Panzerlied was composed in 1933 by Oberleutnant Kurt Wiehle. In 2017, the German Army was banned from publishing song books containing Panzerlied and other marching songs by the Minister of Defence Ursula von der Leyen as part of new efforts at denazification.


title: Panzerlied

text: The song is sung by some motorized and parachute units of the Italian Army, most especially by the 185th Paratroopers Division Folgore under the title of ""Sui Monti e Sui Mar"". In France, the lyrics were adapted slightly to become the ""Marche des Chars"" used by the 501e régiment de chars de combat. The half portion of the song was used for Namibian patriotic song and unofficial anthem under South African rule, ""Das Südwesterlied"". In the songs of motorized and parachute units from the Brazilian Army under the title of ""Canção da Tropa Blindada"". A Spanish translation of the song is used by the Chilean Army as an armoured cavalry march, and by the Chilean Naval Academy as a "pasacalle".


title: Devon Graye

text: Devon Graye Fleming is an American actor and filmmaker. He is best known for portraying teenage Dexter in the TV series "Dexter", as well as the second Trickster in "The Flash". In 2019, he wrote the horror film "I See You".


title: Devon Graye

text: Graye was born in Mountain View, California. He studied acting at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. Although Graye is American, he lived in the United Kingdom for all four years of high school. Graye wrote a thriller screenplay titled "Allison Adams", which was featured on the 2016 Black List for most popular unproduced screenplays.


title: Counting sort

text: In computer science, counting sort is an algorithm for sorting a collection of objects according to keys that are small positive integers; that is, it is an integer sorting algorithm. It operates by counting the number of objects that possess distinct key values, and applying prefix sum on those counts to determine the positions of each key value in the output sequence. Its running time is linear in the number of items and the difference between the maximum key value and the minimum key value, so it is only suitable for direct use in situations where the variation in keys is not significantly greater than the number of items. It is often used as a subroutine in radix sort, another sorting algorithm, which can handle larger keys more efficiently.


title: Counting sort

text: Counting sort is not a comparison sort; it uses key values as indexes into an array and the lower bound for comparison sorting will not apply. Bucket sort may be used in lieu of counting sort, and entails a similar time analysis. However, compared to counting sort, bucket sort requires linked lists, dynamic arrays, or a large amount of pre-allocated memory to hold the sets of items within each bucket, whereas counting sort stores a single number (the count of items) per bucket.


title: Counting sort

text: In the most general case, the input to counting sort consists of a collection of items, each of which has a non-negative integer key whose maximum value is at most .


title: Counting sort

text: In some descriptions of counting sort, the input to be sorted is assumed to be more simply a sequence of integers itself, but this simplification does not accommodate many applications of counting sort. For instance, when used as a subroutine in radix sort, the keys for each call to counting sort are individual digits of larger item keys; it would not suffice to return only a sorted list of the key digits, separated from the items.


title: Counting sort

text: In applications such as in radix sort, a bound on the maximum key value will be known in advance, and can be assumed to be part of the input to the algorithm. However, if the value of is not already known then it may be computed, as a first step, by an additional loop over the data to determine the maximum key value.


title: Counting sort

text: The output is an array of the elements ordered by their keys. Because of its application to radix sorting, counting sort must be a stable sort; that is, if two elements share the same key, their relative order in the output array and their relative order in the input array should match.


title: Counting sort

text: Here codice_1 is the input array to be sorted, codice_2 returns the numeric key of each item in the input array, codice_3 is an auxiliary array used first to store the numbers of items with each key, and then (after the second loop) to store the positions where items with each key should be placed,


title: Counting sort

text: codice_4 is the maximum value of the non-negative key values and codice_5 is the sorted output array.


title: Counting sort

text: In summary, the algorithm loops over the items in the first loop, computing a histogram of the number of times each key occurs within the codice_1 collection. After that in the second loop, it performs a prefix sum computation on codice_3 in order to determine, for each key, the position range where the items having that key should be placed; i.e. items of key formula_1 should be placed starting in position codice_8. Finally, in the third loop, it loops over the items of codice_1 again, but in reverse order, moving each item into its sorted position in the codice_5 array.


title: Counting sort

text: Because the algorithm uses only simple for loops, without recursion or subroutine calls, it is straightforward to analyze. The initialization of the count array, and the second for loop which performs a prefix sum on the count array, each iterate at most times and therefore take time. The other two for loops, and the initialization of the output array, each take time. Therefore, the time for the whole algorithm is the sum of the times for these steps, .


title: Counting sort

text: Because it uses arrays of length and , the total space usage of the algorithm is also . For problem instances in which the maximum key value is significantly smaller than the number of items, counting sort can be highly space-efficient, as the only storage it uses other than its input and output arrays is the Count array which uses space .


title: Counting sort

text: If each item to be sorted is itself an integer, and used as key as well, then the second and third loops of counting sort can be combined; in the second loop, instead of computing the position where items with key codice_11 should be placed in the output, simply append codice_12 copies of the number codice_11 to the output.


title: Counting sort

text: This algorithm may also be used to eliminate duplicate keys, by replacing the codice_14 array with a bit vector that stores a codice_15 for a key that is present in the input and a codice_16 for a key that is not present. If additionally the items are the integer keys themselves, both second and third loops can be omitted entirely and the bit vector will itself serve as output, representing the values as offsets of the non-codice_16 entries, added to the range's lowest value. Thus the keys are sorted and the duplicates are eliminated in this variant just by being placed into the bit array.


title: Counting sort

text: For data in which the maximum key size is significantly smaller than the number of data items, counting sort may be parallelized by splitting the input into subarrays of approximately equal size, processing each subarray in parallel to generate a separate count array for each subarray, and then merging the count arrays. When used as part of a parallel radix sort algorithm, the key size (base of the radix representation) should be chosen to match the size of the split subarrays. The simplicity of the counting sort algorithm and its use of the easily parallelizable prefix sum primitive also make it usable in more fine-grained parallel algorithms.


title: Counting sort

text: As described, counting sort is not an in-place algorithm; even disregarding the count array, it needs separate input and output arrays. It is possible to modify the algorithm so that it places the items into sorted order within the same array that was given to it as the input, using only the count array as auxiliary storage; however, the modified in-place version of counting sort is not stable.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Darick W. Robertson is an American artist best known for his work as a comic book illustrator on series he co-created, notably "Transmetropolitan" (1997–2002) and "The Boys" (2006–2012; 2020).


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson has illustrated hundreds of comics in his twenty plus years in the industry. His body of work ranges from science fiction characters of his own creation to work on renowned classic characters from Marvel and DC Comics.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson was introduced to comics at an early age. He read Gold Key Comics found at the local barbershop and before long his father drove him to Palo Alto where young Robertson could buy weekly comics such as "Flash" and "Spider-Man". By fifth grade the young artist was already stapling together homemade comics to show to his friends. Darick Robertson cites Paul Smith, George Pérez, José Luis García-López, Neal Adams, Joe Kubert and Bernie Wrightson as early formative influences on his craft, and states it was Brian Bolland's work on "Camelot 3000" that defined for him what a comic artist could aspire to. Robertson also cites Frank Miller as a hero, and hopes to eventually emulate Miller's success as both an artist and a writer.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson created his first comic book at the age of 17 while still in school and also working as a bill collector. Many small-press black and white books featuring anthropomorphic heroes were seeing sudden critical and commercial success in the wake of Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird's "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". Robertson had "always loved this idea of stuffed animals fighting [so] they bleed and stuff comes out of them when they die." As a result, he created "Space Beaver", “a cute little beaver…running around shooting people."


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson showed his new work, drawn on typing paper in ball-point pen, to Michio Okamura, an inker working as a security guard in the same building as the collection agency. Okamura inked Reggie Byers's "Shuriken" for Victory Comics, and introduced Darick to the use of Bristol Board, ink pens, and zip-a-tone. Okamura sent Robertson's pages to Victory Comics, who agreed to publish "Space Beaver", but not to compensate Robertson. Robertson then took the finished pages to Tibor Sardy, owner of Peninsula Comics in San Mateo California. After seeing Robertson's work, the comic store owner agreed to pay Robertson and publish "Space Beaver" under the name Ten-Buck Comics. Robertson would now spend every day after work and school drawing the book, which would run for 11 issues. Years after the series ended people still ask Robertson to confirm he was the creator of "Space Beaver". Robertson's father carried a worn copy of "Space Beaver" #1 folded into his coat pocket to show his friends what his son had created.


title: Darick Robertson

text: In 2000 Larry Young acquired permission to publish"Space Beaver" and AiT/Planet Lar released two trades collecting the entire run.


title: Darick Robertson

text: After Robertson launched his career with Space Beaver, he began to regularly attend comic conventions seeking advice and professional connections. As a result, by age 21, Robertson landed his first work for a major publisher illustrating "Justice League Quarterly" #4 at DC Comics. He would then illustrate a run of "Justice League Europe" working alongside writer J. M. DeMatteis and artist/writer Keith Giffen. Over time Robertson would develop his craft finishing Giffen's panel breakdowns on a JLE/JLA crossover entitled "Breakdowns". Robertson worked on JLE issues 26, and 30–35. Later in his career Robertson would return to the Justice League to work with Mark Waid on "Justice League: A Midsummer's Nightmare".


title: Darick Robertson

text: After breaking in at DC, Robertson's first work at Marvel was "Wolverine" (volume 1) issue #54. Robertson would then have his first extended monthly run working with Fabian Nicieza on Marvel's "New Warriors" after Mark Bagley departed the book, a run Robertson recalls with pride. According to Nicieza, readers immediately took to Robertson's art despite its sharp stylistic differences from Bagley's. Robertson worked on "New Warriors" for two years, from issue 26 until issue 50, including writing for "New Warriors Annual" #3 and #4. While at Marvel, Robertson would also have a chance to work on his first iconic character – Spider-Man. Robertson illustrated "Deadpool" #50 and 51, which featured the first appearance of Kid Deadpool (aka Poolboy). Robertson illustrated "Spider-man: the Power of Terror", "Spider-Man: The Final Adventure" and a Spider-Man story written by Stan Lee and inked by George Pérez. This story is found collected in "Best of Marvel 1995". Robertson would also add additional writing credits working on "Spectacular Spider-Man Super Special" #1 and "Spider-Man Team-Up" #5.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson's career continued as a key creator on Malibu Comics's Ultraverse comic line. It was also his first foray into creating new characters for an existing business. At Malibu Robertson co-created and designed the character Nightman, and both wrote and created the character Ripfire. This brought about some frustration, however, as Malibu promised Robertson the rights in Nightman only to renege and sell the character to Marvel. Nightman eventually produced toys and a TV show, and Robertson later described the experience as “a sore spot.” However, while still at Malibu, Robertson met future DC and Wildstorm editor Hank Kanalz as well as a then obscure British comic writer, Warren Ellis.


title: Darick Robertson

text: While working on a short run of Malibu's Ultraforce, Kanalz paired Robertson with emerging British comic writer Warren Ellis. Robertson enjoyed working with Ellis and contacted the writer explaining,""I had the greatest time working on the [scripts]; they were funny and violent but, interesting… you ever want to work on a monthly project together, I'm all over it."" Ellis agreed. When the Malibu Comics work ended, "New Warriors" writer and then Acclaim Comics Editor Fabian Nicieza approached Robertson about re-teaming with Ellis on a "Solar, Man of the Atom" special. The special became a science fiction heavy work including a two-page spread of a secret Vatican library. After the special was complete, Robertson received a phone call from Ellis asking up on that offer to work together on a monthly book.


title: Darick Robertson

text: "Transmetropolitan" was created for DC's new Science Fiction imprint Helix. Robertson's immediate response to Ellis’ pitch was to tell the British writer "that sounds great, I told you I'd want to work with you anytime you could." The future collaborators began to brainstorm on finer points of the new work, including arriving at the new name for the books lead. Helix editor Stuart Moore had worried the original name of Caleb Newcastle was "too British", so the collaborators settled on Spider Jerusalem.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson now faced a difficult choice in turning down the opportunity to draw "Spider-Man" monthly. A close friend pointed out to Robertson that choosing "Transmetropolitan" would mean he has a book that was always his, while choosing Spider-Man could make Robertson just another Spider-Man artist. Recalling his experiences with Malibu, Robertson chose the project where he would own the work. Ironically, despite Ellis's enthusiasm for Robertson's work, and the hard choice he made turning down Spider-Man, Robertson had difficulty overcoming an initial editorial perception that he was a superhero artist. Yet after a number of concept sketches and taking a firm stand, and submitting the first four pages of pencils for the first issue, Robertson was confirmed as the book's artist. Robertson described the "Transmetropolitan" process as "a real collaboration […] unlike anything I've ever worked on before because there are things that I added that were never a part of the script." Notable contributions from Robertson include the idea of television buy bombs and the notorious Sex Puppets. Robertson even modeled Spider's ex-wife on his own wife, operating under the request that if she was drawn into the book, she didn't want the character to be anything like herself. Robertson is also behind the creation of Transmetropolitan's iconic gecko eating two headed cat. Robertson drew the cat into an alley panel after considering what strays might exist in the future. After seeing the sketch co-creator Ellis declared "let's make it [Spider's] pet."


title: Darick Robertson

text: Writing for "Wired" magazine, Cory Doctorow called "Transmetropolitan" "the graphic novel of the decade." Notable fans of "Transmetropolitan" include Patrick Stewart, Robin Williams, and writer/director Darren Aronofsky. Robertson called working on Transmetropolitan a rewarding experience, citing the critical acclaim, continued popularity of the characters and unique fandom. Robertson expresses fond memories of Ellis's scripts but he has no desire to return to Transmetropolitan. When the book ended he found no longer operating under the book's constant tight deadlines was a great relief.


title: Darick Robertson

text: After DC shut the Helix label down, "Transmetropolitan" moved to Vertigo, with issue 7, where it ran for 60 issues.


title: Darick Robertson

text: In 2002, after Transmetropolitan ended, Robertson found his schedule opening up again for new projects. Former "Transmetropolitan editor" Axel Alonso approached Robertson with the opportunity for an exclusive deal at Marvel Comics. Robertson was instrumental in Marvel's launch of the Marvel MAX mature imprint. Alongside writer Garth Ennis, who Robertson had met through Warren Ellis, Robertson worked on "Fury", a hard-edged modern take on the seminal Marvel comics spy character Nick Fury which "Rolling Stone" hailed as "cool comic of the year". Robertson and Ennis developed a solid working partnership and would re-team again on a number of projects including a follow-up miniseries depicting Nick Fury during World War II entitled " Fury: Peacemaker". Darick also illustrated "Spider-Man: Sweet Charity" with veteran television writer Ron Zimmerman. Robertson referred to the book as "his best Spider-Man work to date."


title: Darick Robertson

text: Robertson soon collaborated again with Garth Ennis, illustrating the Ennis's 2002 run on the Marvel Knights "Punisher" series, in which Wolverine was mutilated by little people The next major collaboration between Robertson and Garth Ennis was "Punisher: Born". Originally planned as "Punisher: The War Where I Was Born", for the Ultimate line, the book instead became the new origin of Marvel's signature vigilante, and the starting point for Ennis's run the "Punisher" series published under Marvel's MAX imprint.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Next, in 2003, Robertson was offered the opportunity to re-launch " Wolverine" alongside writer Greg Rucka. Robertson, a fan of Wolverine since discovering the character at age 12, accepted the offer, citing a desire to work on the high-profile X-Man for a long time. The new Wolverine series launched at number one in Diamond Comics May 2003 sales charts selling over 160,000 copies.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Some controversy emerged during Robertson and Greg Rucka's run in regards to a mandate to replace Wolverine's classic squat design, which Robertson sought to develop and refine, with a design based on the 20th Century Fox X-Men movie franchise look of Wolverine portrayed by Hugh Jackman. Robertson states the Marvel request made him unhappy, but it was a company-wide choice and did not require his work to mimic the appearance of the actor exactly. Darick Robertson worked on "Wolverine" (Volume 3) for 14 issues.


title: Darick Robertson

text: Following his work on Wolverine, Darick Robertson moved directly to another high-profile X-Men project. Robertson, a stated lifelong fan of X-Man character Nightcrawler, was nominated by Marvel Editor Cebulski, Robertson's collaborator on "X-Men Unlimited", as the artist for the fan-favorite character's first ongoing series. Robertson, who had once dressed as the teleporting X-Man for Halloween, said at the time, "I never imagined I'd be so lucky as to move onto a Nightcrawler series on the heels of Wolverine, so in some ways it's still a childhood dream manifesting."


title: Darick Robertson

text: Working with series writer and playwright Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa, Robertson aimed to bring the classic swashbuckler aspects of the character back to the forefront as well as explore deeper spiritual aspects of the Catholic hero. In addition to pencils Robertson took the series as an opportunity to further develop his craft in inking his own work. " Nightcrawler" ran 12 issues.


title: Darick Robertson

text: While Robertson expressed disappointment in not being able to continue working on childhood favorites for Marvel, with the cancellation of Nightcrawler and his departure from Wolverine, Robertson took the opportunity to resign from his exclusivity at Marvel and reunite with Garth Ennis on a project proposed 4 years before. This project would be a super hero satire called "The Boys".


title: Darick Robertson

text: Ennis had the project in mind for a number of years, and The Boys would permit Darick extensive creative control with the opportunity to produce an original work where he could design the characters, create the covers, and continue inking his own material. "The Boys", far from a simple story poking fun at superheroes would be an "allegory about absolute power corrupting absolutely." To promote "The Boys" launch, and acting alongside comic store Isotope, Robertson gave away 10 original sketches of "The Boys" cast kicking the ass of the winner's choice of superhero.