text: The series went into syndication in the fall of 1988 under the original "Alvin and The Chipmunks" title, distributed by Lorimar-Telepictures (and later Warner Bros. Television after Warner Communications' purchase of Lorimar, Warner Bros. would later buy the pre-1991 library of Ruby-Spears in 1996 as part of its acquisition of Turner, where the library previously sat). The package contained all 52 episodes produced by Ruby-Spears (#901–952), as well as the Valentine's and Reunion specials. To round the package out to the common-practice syndication package length of 65 episodes (5 days a week for 13 weeks, allowing for exactly four cycles a year), an additional 11 episodes were produced specifically for the package by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson. In the syndication order, these episodes followed the 54 Ruby-Spears shows; in the fall 1988 cycle (September 12 – December 9), they aired from November 25 – December 9. Episodes were time-compressed (similar to PAL speed-up) and/or trimmed in an effort to make room for more commercials. Telepictures began distributing the series in June 1985 for $30 Million, with the rights purchased for a record $385,000 a half-hour. The syndication package did not include the episodes that aired on NBC from season six onward, meaning that the final thirty-nine episodes of the series were not shown in reruns outside of the network.


title: Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series)

text: The 65-episode syndication package was later carried by Nickelodeon, then Cartoon Network, and finally Boomerang in the United States. In Canada, the show was carried on Teletoon Retro until that channel’s dissolution.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Paul Heckingbottom (born 17 July 1977) is an English football coach and former player who is currently manager of Championship side Sheffield United. Heckingbottom played as a defender for several English clubs, including Sunderland, Scarborough, Hartlepool United, Darlington, Norwich City, Bradford City, Sheffield Wednesday, Barnsley and Mansfield Town.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: After retiring as a player, Heckingbottom trained as a coach. He obtained a position with Barnsley's development squad and, after a successful spell as caretaker manager in which the club won promotion and the EFL Trophy, he was appointed manager in 2016. In February 2018 he moved to Leeds United, but he was sacked during the 2018 close season after 16 games in charge. Heckingbottom then managed Scottish Premiership club Hibernian, but was sacked in November 2019. In March 2021, he was appointed interim manager of Sheffield United until the end of the season. After returning to the U23's, he was appointed manager 25 November 2021, once again, on a four-a-and-half year deal following the sacking of Slaviša Jokanović.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom was born in Barnsley and grew up in nearby Royston. As a child, he was a season-ticket holder at the town's football club, along with his grandfather. He started his football career at Manchester United as a trainee, but joined Sunderland in 1995 after failing to gain a professional contract. He had loan spells at Scarborough, Hartlepool United and Darlington, without featuring for Sunderland, before joining Darlington permanently in 1999. He made 126 appearances, scoring 6 goals, before catching the attention of First Division side Norwich City, who signed him in 2002 on a three-year contract.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom made just 16 appearances for Norwich, including only 7 starts, resulting in him cancelling his contract with the club by mutual consent after one year. He subsequently signed for Bradford City in July 2003, and was named their Player of the Year at the end of his first season. Bradford, however, were relegated to League One at the end of the 2003–04 season, and Heckingbottom left to join League One club Sheffield Wednesday during the close season.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom was well favoured under both Wednesday managers Chris Turner and Paul Sturrock, making a total of 41 appearances at left back in his first season – more than any other player that year. He also scored four goals, helping the Owls to promotion to the Championship via the play-off final at the end of the 2004–05 season. Due to an injury sustained in pre-season he was put out of contention for the first 16 games of the 2005–06 season. When he returned to fitness, new signing John Hills had begun to make the left back spot his own. An injury to Hills left Heckingbottom able to re-stake his claim on the team, but he only managed a 4-game streak before once again succumbing to injury, this time Peter Gilbert taking his place in the squad. Sturrock allowed Heckingbottom a chance to prove himself in an FA Cup Third Round game against Charlton Athletic. He scored both of Wednesday's goals in the 4–2 defeat at Hillsborough, though this was not enough to establish himself as the club's first-choice left back.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: On 13 January 2006, Heckingbottom was sent on loan, with a view to a permanent move, to his boyhood club Barnsley. He played an important part in the club's promotion campaign and win over Swansea City in the League One play-off final, scoring in the 4–3 penalty shootout victory that secured their promotion to the Championship. Heckingbottom played in 31 games for Barnsley the next season, as they comfortably avoided relegation. He scored once during his spell at Barnsley, in a 1–0 win over Tranmere Rovers on 18 February 2006.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: In July 2007, Heckingbottom returned to Bradford City on loan until 1 January 2008. He played in all 23 league games during his loan spell, missing only an FA Cup tie against Tranmere Rovers through suspension following a red card in a 1–1 draw with Stockport County. A week after his loan deal expired, his contract at Barnsley was cancelled by mutual consent and he signed a permanent 18-month deal at Bradford City. He missed his first league game of the 2007–08 season with four games left, when an ankle injury prevented him from playing against Brentford on 12 April 2008. Heckingbottom's place was taken by Luke O'Brien, who made his Bradford debut in a 2–2 draw.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: He played in the club's first nine league games of the 2008–09 season, but was sent off in a 1–1 draw with Luton Town for two bookable offences. His place was again taken by youngster O'Brien, and although Heckingbottom returned for an FA Cup game against Milton Keynes Dons, he suffered tendonitis which kept him out for five months. Bradford opted against offering Heckingbottom a contract extension, and he left the club in May 2009.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom signed for Conference National club Mansfield Town on 2 June 2009, marking his first foray into the game outside the Football League. He sustained a hamstring injury in pre-season and did not play until October, in a 1–0 win over Forest Green Rovers, 11 months from when he last played a game of football. He became a regular in the Mansfield line-up. He scored his first and only Mansfield goal against Crawley Town on 14 November 2009. On 1 February 2010, Heckingbottom joined Gateshead on loan until the end of the season. making his debut on 13 February away at Hayes & Yeading United.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom signed for Gateshead on a permanent basis on 26 May 2010. He made 23 appearances in all competitions during the 2010–11 season before he was released on 4 May 2011.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: He spent the 2011–12 season with Harrogate Town, making 21 appearances in the Conference North without scoring.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom took the opportunity to gain an academic understanding of football coaching, to set his CV apart from other managers competing for jobs. He completed his BSc (Hons) Sports Coaching at Leeds Metropolitan University in 2013, followed by an MSc in Sport Coaching in 2016, by which point the university had been renamed Leeds Beckett University.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: He went on to work as a coach with professional club Barnsley's development squad, and was appointed caretaker manager of the first team after Danny Wilson was sacked in 2015. He was not appointed on a permanent basis in favour of Lee Johnson, though was appointed in the caretaker manager role once again the following year after Johnson left to manage Bristol City. During the latter spell, he guided Barnsley to a 3–2 win against Oxford United in the Football League Trophy final and promotion to the Championship by beating Millwall 3–1 in the League One play-off final. His success as caretaker, leading Barnsley to their first cup final victory since 1912 and promotion to the Championship, led to his being appointed head coach on a permanent basis.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: The good form and results continued for the first half of the 2016–17 Championship season, as the club ended 2016 in ninth position. Heckingbottom was awarded Sports Hero of the Year by "The Yorkshire Post". Heckingbottom signed a new rolling contract at Barnsley on 2 February 2018, but he left the club days later to take a similar position with Leeds United.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: On 6 February 2018, Heckingbottom was announced as the new head coach of Leeds United on an 18-month contract. In his first match as head coach, Leeds lost 2–1 to Sheffield United, and finished 13th in the 2017–18 EFL Championship league table. Heckingbottom blooded youngster Bailey Peacock-Farrell as first-choice goalkeeper and also gave debuts to academy players Tom Pearce, Paudie O'Connor, Hugo Díaz and Ryan Edmondson. Heckingbottom integrated further academy players with the first team during a controversial post-season tour of Myanmar. Heckingbottom was sacked by Leeds on 1 June 2018, after just four months with the club, and was succeeded by Marcelo Bielsa.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom was appointed head coach of Scottish Premiership club Hibernian on 13 February 2019. The club went on an unbeaten league run, and Heckingbottom won the Premiership Manager of the Month award for March 2019. Two days later, Heckingbottom won his first Edinburgh derby match as Hibs manager against Hearts at Tynecastle. Hibs finished in fifth position, but Heckingbottom was unhappy that the team "downed tools" in the last few matches of the season.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Hibs won only one of their first eleven league matches in the 2019–20 season. Heckingbottom was sacked on 4 November following a 5–2 defeat by Celtic in a League Cup semi-final, with the team sitting in 10th place in the league.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: Heckingbottom was appointed as under-23s lead coach at Sheffield United in July 2020. After first-team manager Chris Wilder left the club by mutual consent in March 2021, with the team bottom of the Premier League and 12 points adrift of safety, Heckingbottom took interim charge until the end of the season. United lost 5–0 to Leicester City in his first match in charge, and relegation to the Championship was confirmed after four more defeats. Sheffield United won three of their last six matches, and Heckingbottom was reportedly shortlisted for the permanent position, but former Fulham manager Slaviša Jokanović was appointed instead, with Heckingbottom returning to his previous role as the under-23s manager at the club.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: On 25 November 2021, Heckingbottom was appointed manager of Sheffield United, this time on a permanent basis, on a four-and-a-half year deal following the sacking of Jokanović. In his first game in charge, the Blades beat Bristol City 2–0. The team ended the season in fifth place, subsequently qualifying for the promotion playoffs, though they lost to Nottingham Forest in the semi-finals.


title: Paul Heckingbottom

text: An impressive start to the 2022–23 season saw Heckingbottom awarded the EFL Championship Manager of the Month award for August 2022 after picking up 14 points from seven matches. Three wins from three away matches saw Heckingbottom claim the award for a second consecutive month.


title: Jang Hye-jin (actress)

text: Jang Hye-jin (; born September 5, 1975) is a South Korean actress. She is best known internationally for her role as Kim Chung-sook in the Academy Award winning film "Parasite".


title: Jang Hye-jin (actress)

text: Hye-jin was born in Busan on September 5, 1975. Her acting career began in the 1990s, with a minor role in the 1998 feature film "If It Snows On Christmas". She began to gain media attention in her native country in the mid-2000s when she played the role of Park Myung-suk in the dramatic film "Secret Sunshine" under the direction of filmmaker and novelist Lee Chang-dong and with her appearance in SBS's "My Sweet Seoul" TV series.


title: Jang Hye-jin (actress)

text: At the end of the decade she appeared in the films "Marine Boy" by Yoon Jong-seok and "Poetry" by the aforementioned Lee Chang-dong. In 2016 she was cast in Yoon Ga-eun's "The World of Us" and Shin Joon's "Yongsoon", before playing Jung-hee in Lee Dong-eun's feature film "Mothers" with Im Soo-jung, Yoon Chan-young and Lee Sang-hee.


title: Jang Hye-jin (actress)

text: After playing supporting roles in the films "Adulthood" and "Youngju" and in the TV series "Hold me Tight", the actress gained international recognition by playing the lead role of Kim Chung-sook in Bong Joon-ho's award-winning film "Parasite", which won four Academy Awards in 2020 in the categories of Best Film, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Film. In the movie she plays a mother who irregularly gets the job as a housekeeper for a wealthy family.


title: Jang Hye-jin (actress)

text: After her participation in "Parasite", the actress was featured in the 2020 TV series "A Piece of Your Mind", "How to Buy a Friend", "True Beauty" and "Birthcare Center", in addition to playing the role of Seon-myeong in the comic feature film "More Than Family" alongside Krystal Jung and Choi Deok-moon.


title: Jang Hye-jin (actress)

text: In 2021, she played the role of Court Lady Seo in MBC historical drama "The Red Sleeve". And in 2022 she stars in JTBC television series "Green Mothers' Club"


title: MyHeritage

text: MyHeritage is an online genealogy platform with web, mobile, and software products and services, introduced by the Israeli company MyHeritage in 2003. Users of the platform can obtain their family trees, upload and browse through photos, and search through over 14 billion historical records, among other features.


title: MyHeritage

text: As of 2020, the service supports 42 languages and has more than 50 million users worldwide who have built around 52 million family trees. In 2016, it launched a genetic testing service called MyHeritage DNA. The company is headquartered in Or Yehuda, Israel, with additional offices in Tel Aviv, Israel, Lehi, Utah, Kyiv, Ukraine, and Burbank, California.


title: MyHeritage

text: MyHeritage was founded in 2003 by Israeli entrepreneur Gilad Japhet (who continues to serve as the company's CEO). Japhet started the company from his living room in Bnei Atarot, Israel. For a long time, the company's headquarters were located in a family farmhouse in Bnei Atarot. In its infancy, MyHeritage was almost completely self-funded but had received funds from angel investors by 2005. It switched from a free service to a freemium business model. As of 2020, the company and its subsidiaries have a major control of the most world genealogy data.


title: MyHeritage

text: Early on, MyHeritage required users to upload genealogical information from desktop software. The information could be viewed online, but could not be altered. In 2006, MyHeritage introduced new features including facial recognition software that recognized facial features from a database of photographs to link individuals together. In December 2006, the company acquired Pearl Street Software which was the creator of family tree software (Family Tree Legends) and a family tree submission site (GenCircles) with over 160 million profiles and 400 million public records.


title: MyHeritage

text: By 2007, MyHeritage had 150,000 family trees, 180 million people profiles, 100 million photos, and 17.2 million users worldwide. The service was available in 17 languages. The company also began offering a new web-based feature that allowed users to upload genealogical information directly to the MyHeritage site. MyHeritage had also received a total of US$9 million in investor funding, half of which had come from Accel.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2008, MyHeritage raised US$15 million from an investment group including Index Ventures and Accel. At that time, the website had grown to 260 million people profiles, 25 million users, 230 million photos, and 25 supported languages. Soon after securing funding, MyHeritage acquired Kindo, a UK-based family tree building service. In 2009, the company released a new version of their free genealogy software, Family Tree Builder, which included the ability to sync between the software and the website.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2010, the company acquired Germany-based OSN Group, a family tree website network with seven genealogy sites under its name. Some websites in the OSN network included Verwandt.de in Germany, Moikrewni.pl in Poland, and Dynastree.com in the United States. The acquisition provided MyHeritage with several new features (including coats of arms, family tree merging, and an option to venture into mobile applications) and a total of 540 million people profiles, 47 million active users, and 13 million family trees. In 2011, those numbers increased to 760 million people profiles and 56 million users after MyHeritage acquired Poland-based Bliscy.pl, another genealogy website.


title: MyHeritage

text: Other 2011 acquisitions included the Dutch family network, Zooof; BackupMyTree, a backup service designed to protect up to 9 terabytes of offline family history data; and FamilyLink, a developer of family history content sites and owner of a large database of historical records (WorldVitalRecords.com, which included census, birth, death, and marriage records along with an archive of historical newspapers). By the end of 2011, MyHeritage had 60 million users, 900 million people profiles, 21 million family trees, and was available in 38 different languages. The company also released the first version of its mobile app for iOS and Android devices.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2012, MyHeritage surpassed 1 billion people profiles and launched several new features including SuperSearch, a search engine for billions of historical records, and Record Matching, a technology that automatically compares MyHeritage's historical records to the profiles on the site and alerts users whenever a match is found for a relative in their family tree.


title: MyHeritage

text: In November 2012, MyHeritage acquired one of its primary competitors, Geni.com. The company kept all of Geni's employees and operated the company as a separate brand in Los Angeles, California, and, as of 2016, MyHeritage and Geni were still separate. Founded by David O. Sacks in 2007, Geni is a genealogy website with the goal of "creating a family tree of the whole world" whereas MyHeritage focuses on records and collecting non-merged individual family trees. The acquisition added 7 million new users to MyHeritage, bringing the total number of members to 72 million. At the time, MyHeritage also had 27 million family trees and 1,5 billion profiles and was available in 40 languages. In addition to the acquisition of Geni, MyHeritage also raised US$25 million in a funding round led by Bessemer Venture Partners.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2013, MyHeritage entered into a strategic partnership to allow FamilySearch to use its technologies. At the time of the deal, MyHeritage had 75 million registered users and 1.6 billion people profiles. The company also gained access to all United States census records from 1790 to 1940. In April 2013, MyHeritage released Family Tree Builder 7.0 which included new features like sync, Unicode, and Record Matches. MyHeritage also introduced a web feature called Record Detective that automatically makes connections between different historical records.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2014, MyHeritage announced partnerships and collaborations with other companies and entities. In February 2014, the company partnered with BillionGraves to digitize and document graves and cemeteries worldwide. In October 2014, the company partnered with EBSCO Information Services to provide educational institutions (libraries, universities, etc.) with free access to MyHeritage's database of historical records. In December 2014, MyHeritage entered into an agreement with the Danish National Archives to index Census records and Parish registers from 1646 to 1930 (a total of around 120 million records). The company also surpassed 5 billion historical records in their database in 2014 and launched the Instant Discoveries feature, which enables users to add whole branches of relatives to their family tree at once.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2015, MyHeritage reached 6.3 billion historical records, 200 million photographs, 80 million registered users, and availability in 42 languages. It also released the Global Name Translation technology which automatically translates names from different languages to make searching for ancestors more efficient.


title: MyHeritage

text: In March 2016, employees of MyHeritage recorded and preserved the family history of remote peoples in the Highlands Region of Papua New Guinea.


title: MyHeritage

text: In August 2017, the company acquired Millennia Corp. and its Legacy Family Tree software and Legacy webinars program.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2018, the company announced its sponsorship of Eurovision Song Contest 2019. It also announced that, as of October 2018, the total number of historical records reached over 9 billion. Also in 2018, chief science officer Yaniv Erlich received media attention for creating a family tree of 13 million people using data from Geni.com.


title: MyHeritage

text: On 7 September 2019, MyHeritage announced that they acquired both SNPedia and Promethease. All non-European raw genetic data files previously uploaded to Promethease, and not deleted by users by 1 Nov 2019, are to be copied to MyHeritage website into new user accounts that will be created for them, these accounts will receive for free services like ethnicity estimates and DNA matching for relatives.


title: MyHeritage

text: In April 2019, MyHeritage changed autosomal DNA microarray chip from Infinium OmniExpress chip to the Infinium GSA chip, with 642,824 markers.


title: MyHeritage

text: In June 2018, it was announced that MyHeritage experienced a security breach that leaked the data of over 92 million users. According to the company, the breach occurred on October 26, 2017. The leak allowed for the users' email addresses and hashed passwords to be compromised. MyHeritage stated that information about family trees, DNA profiles and credit card information are stored on a separate system and were not part of the leak. The company notified customers on the day it discovered the breach and implemented two-factor authentication with support for Text or App Authenticator as a response. In February 2019 the leak appeared in multiple dark web sites for sale, that made the subject broader in scope from previous information, along with this several other websites that were compromised surfaced in the same dark web marketplace.


title: MyHeritage

text: MyHeritage's products and services exist in the spheres of web, mobile, and downloadable software. The company's website, MyHeritage.com, works on a freemium business model. It is free to sign up and begin building family trees and making matches. The website will provide excerpts from historical records and newspapers, or from other family trees, but in order to read full versions of those documents, or confirm relationships, the user will have to have a paid subscription. Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are eligible for free accounts due to the aforementioned partnership between MyHeritage and FamilySearch. Additionally, only paid users can contact other members.


title: MyHeritage

text: As of 2015, the MyHeritage online database contains 6.3 billion historical records, including census, birth, marriage, death, military, and immigration documents along with historical newspapers. In 2020 number of historical records has reached 12 billion. The SuperSearch feature allows users to search through the site's entire catalog of historical records to find information about potential family members. Users may also upload photos to their family trees. MyHeritage's mobile app is available for iOS and Android devices and offers a range of similar features including the ability to view and edit family trees, research historical databases, and capture and share photos.


title: MyHeritage

text: MyHeritage uses several matching technologies for family history research. These include Smart Matching, Record Matching, Record Detective, Instant Discoveries, Global Name Translation, and Search Connect. Smart Matching is used to cross-reference one user's family tree with the family trees of all other users. The feature allows users to utilize information about their families from other, possibly related users. Record Matching is similar except that it matches and compares family trees to historical records rather than other family trees.


title: MyHeritage

text: Record Detective is a technology that links related historical records based on information from one historical record. It also uses existing family trees to make connections between records (for instance, a death certificate and a marriage license). Instant Discoveries is a feature that compares users' family trees to other family trees and records, and then instantly shows them information about their family found in these sources, packaged as a new branch they can add to their trees. Global Name Translation allows users to search for a relative in their preferred language but get historical documents with their relative's name in other languages.


title: MyHeritage

text: Search Connect is a feature announced by MyHeritage in July 2015 and released in November that same year. The feature indexes search queries along with their metadata dates, places, relatives, etc. and then displays them in search results when others perform a similar search. The feature allows users performing similar searches to connect with each other for collaboration.


title: MyHeritage

text: Family Tree Builder is downloadable software that allows users to build family trees, upload photos, view charts and statistics, and more.


title: MyHeritage

text: MyHeritage DNA is a genetic testing service launched by MyHeritage in 2016. DNA results are obtained from home test kits, allowing users to use cheek swabs to collect samples. The results provide DNA matching and ethnicity estimates. In 2018, the company offered 5,000 of these kits as part of an initiative to reunite migrant families separated at the United States-Mexico border. The company also offered 15,000 DNA kits as part of a pro bono initiative called DNA Quest, which connected adoptees with biological parents. In 2016, MyHeritage launched a project to help children of Yemenite Jewish immigrants that had been forcefully separated from their families reunite with their biological family. As of 2019, about 2.5 million MyHeritage DNA kits have been sold, making it the third most popular genealogical DNA testing company In April 2019, MyHeritage changed DNA microarray chip for autosomal tests from Infinium OmniExpress to the Infinium GSA chip, with 642,824 markers. In April 2019, MyHeritage began releasing data from a new DNA chip. In May 2019, MyHeritage launched the MyHeritage DNA Health test, a test that provides comprehensive health reports to consumers. In December 2020, MyHeritage launched a feature called "Genetic Groups", which pinpoints precise ancestor locations and complements the Ethnicity Estimate. An update to the Ethnicity Estimate was originally planned for 2021 but has since been delayed.


title: MyHeritage

text: Deep Nostalgia is an AI-powered service that allows users to create lifelike animations of faces in still photos. Released in February 2021, it attracted attention online.


title: MyHeritage

text: The Tribal Quest Expedition project is MyHeritage's pro bono project to record the family histories of tribal peoples. It also has a program to match descendants of Holocaust survivors with property taken from their family.


title: MyHeritage

text: In 2013, MyHeritage was selected by "Globes" as the most promising Israeli startup for 2013–2014. The company was ranked number one out of a possible 4,800 startups. Also in 2013, Deloitte ranked MyHeritage among the top 10 fastest-growing companies from Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) on the Deloitte Fast 500 list.


title: MyHeritage

text: On April 18, 2018, MyHeritage was listed on the 6th place among the list of 50 most promising startups in Israel, published by the business newspaper "Calcalist".


title: Mucilage

text: Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms. These microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion. The direction of their movement is always opposite to that of the secretion of mucilage. It is a polar glycoprotein and an exopolysaccharide. Mucilage in plants plays a role in the storage of water and food, seed germination, and thickening membranes. Cacti (and other succulents) and flax seeds are especially rich sources of mucilage.


title: Mucilage

text: Exopolysaccharides are the most stabilising factor for microaggregates and are widely distributed in soils. Therefore, exopolysaccharide-producing "soil algae" play a vital role in the ecology of the world's soils. The substance covers the outside of, for example, unicellular or filamentous green algae and cyanobacteria. Amongst the green algae especially, the group Volvocales are known to produce exopolysaccharides at a certain point in their life cycle. It occurs in almost all plants, but usually in small amounts. It is frequently associated with substances like tannins and alkaloids.


title: Mucilage

text: Mucilage has a unique purpose in some carnivorous plants. The plant genera "Drosera" (sundews), "Pinguicula", and others have leaves studded with mucilage-secreting glands, and use a "flypaper trap" to capture insects.


title: Mucilage

text: Mucilage is edible. It is used in medicine as it relieves irritation of mucous membranes by forming a protective film. It is known to act as a soluble, or viscous, dietary fiber that thickens the fecal mass, an example being the consumption of fiber supplements containing psyllium seed husks.


title: Mucilage

text: Traditionally, marshmallows were made from the extract of the mucilaginous root of the marshmallow plant ("Althaea officinalis"). The inner bark of the slippery elm ("Ulmus rubra"), a North American tree species, has long been used as a demulcent and cough medicine, and is still produced commercially for that purpose.


title: Mucilage

text: Mucilage mixed with water has been used as a glue, especially for bonding paper items such as labels, postage stamps, and envelope flaps.


title: Mucilage

text: Differing types and varying strengths of mucilage can also be used for other adhesive applications, including gluing labels to metal cans, wood to china, and leather to pasteboard.


title: Mucilage

text: During the fermentation of nattō soybeans, extracellular enzymes produced by the bacterium "Bacillus natto" react with soybean sugars to produce mucilage. The amount and viscosity of the mucilage are important nattō characteristics, contributing to nattō's unique taste and smell.


title: Mucilage

text: The mucilage of two kinds of insectivorous plants, sundew ("Drosera") and butterwort ("Pinguicula"), is used for the traditional production of a variant of the yoghurt-like Swedish dairy product called filmjölk.


title: Mucilage

text: The presence of mucilage in seeds affects important ecological processes in some plant species, such as tolerance of water stress, competition via allelopathy, or facilitation of germination through attachment to soil particles. Some authors have also suggested a role of seed mucilage in protecting DNA material from irradiation damage. The amount of mucilage produced per seed has been shown to vary across the distribution range of a species, in relation with local environmental conditions of the populations.


title: Mucilage

text: A variety of maize grows aerial roots that produce a sweet mucus. The Sierra Mixe is a tall variety that survives in poor soils without fertilizer in Oaxaca, Mexico, and the mucilage has been shown to support nitrogen fixation through bacteria that thrive in its high-sugar, low-oxygen environment.


title: Mucilage

text: The following plant and algae species are known to contain far greater concentrations of mucilage than typical:


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: Jaden McDaniels (born September 29, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Washington Huskies. He attended Federal Way High School in Federal Way, Washington, where he was named a McDonald's All-American and Washington Gatorade Player of the Year as a senior. McDaniels was a five-star recruit and one of the top players in the 2019 class.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: McDaniels played basketball for Federal Way High School in Federal Way, Washington. As a freshman, he was teammates with his older brother Jalen and helped Federal Way win its second straight Class 4A state championship. McDaniels averaged 2.4 points and 1.8 rebounds per game on the varsity team and was forced to shoot with his left hand due to a right elbow injury. In his first two years, he helped his team win 63 consecutive games, the longest win streak in state history since 1977.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: As a junior, McDaniels guided Federal Way to a runner-up finish at the 4A state tournament. In the season, he averaged 21.3 points, 10 rebounds, 4.6 assists, and 3.3 blocks per game and earned "USA Today" All-USA Washington first team honors. In May 2018, McDaniels saw breakout success at the Nike Elite Youth Basketball League (EYBL) with Seattle Rotary, bolstering his position as a top recruit in the 2019 class.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: On January 25, 2019, as a senior, he recorded 51 points against Todd Beamer High School, breaking the school single-game scoring record held by NBA player Donny Marshall. McDaniels averaged 23.3 points, 10 rebounds, four assists and two blocks per game in his senior season, leading his team to third place at the 4A state tournament. He earned Class 4A Player of the Year and Washington Gatorade Player of the Year recognition. McDaniels played in the McDonald's All-American Game and Jordan Brand Classic.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: By the end of his high school career, McDaniels was considered a consensus five-star recruit and the best power forward in the 2019 class. ESPN and Rivals ranked him among the top 10 players in his class. On May 22, 2019, McDaniels committed to play college basketball for Washington. He had also received strong interest from Kentucky during the recruiting process.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: Heading in to the college season McDaniels was considered a possible number one pick for the 2020 NBA draft . In his collegiate debut, a 67–64 upset of Baylor, McDaniels had 18 points and seven rebounds. He had a season-high 22 points against Ball State. As a freshman, McDaniels averaged 13 points and 5.8 rebounds per game while starting 21 games but he began coming off the bench midway through conference play. Following the season, he declared for the 2020 NBA draft.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: In the 2020 NBA draft, he was selected by the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round with the 28th overall selection. He was then traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder along with Danny Green for Dennis Schröder and later traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves, along with the draft rights of Immanuel Quickley, in exchange for Aleksej Pokuševski.


title: Jaden McDaniels

text: McDaniels' older brother, Jalen McDaniels, played basketball for Federal Way High School, where he was a four-star recruit, before joining San Diego State at the college level. He was selected by the Charlotte Hornets in the second round of the 2019 NBA draft. McDaniels is a cousin of former NBA player Juwan Howard. Both his father, Will McDaniels, and his mother, Angela Jackson, are originally from Chicago.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: Birgit Cunningham (born 6 January 1963) is a British American events organiser, activist, and campaigner for the rights of single mothers.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: Cunningham was born in San Francisco, the daughter of a treasurer of the Bank of America and a German-born mother, and is the eldest of three daughters. When she was nine, her family moved to England and settled at Leatherhead in Surrey. She was educated at Roedean, then earned a degree in history of art at Rutgers University. After that, aged twenty-two, she moved to Paris and worked in an art gallery.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: Moving to Los Angeles, she took a job as personal assistant to a vice-president of Universal Pictures and shared a house with Elizabeth Hurley and Julia Verdin. In 1993, William Cash thanked Cunningham for her help with his book "Educating William: Memoirs of a Hollywood Correspondent".


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: In the late 1990s, Cunningham dated Kevin Costner for three years, but the relationship came to an end. She had a breakdown, and after drinking a bottle of tequila became unconscious and found herself in hospital, later deciding to move back to England.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: After her return from California, Cunningham joined Alcoholics Anonymous. She lived for a time in a commune in Devon, joining Greenpeace, and working for "The Ecologist" magazine and the Green Party. In 1999, she helped to persuade Sting, Jude Law, Simon and Yasmin Le Bon and Sadie Frost to support an organic picnic in Greenwich. As an events organiser, she co-ordinated green protests against GM food.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: In February 2000, at a conference of the National Farmers' Union, as a protest against a financial crisis for small farmers, Cunningham squashed a chocolate éclair into the face of Nick Brown, the Labour government's Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Later she said she had "just flipped" and was sorry. Zac Goldsmith, editor of "The Ecologist", commented that Cunningham was likely to be helping the magazine to hold its own conference on "the real farm crisis". Brown said to "The Guardian" "It was not a samurai sword. It was a chocolate eclair. Although I am not a particularly brave person, I am not frightened of chocolate eclairs." In the words of the "New Statesman", "The farmers were content to growl their protests while the politicians spun their policy; so Birgit Cunningham took gooey matter into her own hands and – splat! – pushed her cause (and herself) onto an unsuspecting nation."


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: In 2001 Cunningham took a job with the Green Party, working as senior press officer for the Green members of the newly established London Assembly.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: For eight months of 2001, she was in a relationship with Harry Nuttall, a racing driver she had known before leaving for California. Troubles set in during October 2001, when she became pregnant, and their son Jack was born in June 2002. According to Cunningham's own account, Nuttall at first accepted responsibility for the child, but over the following months, in her words, "slowly, he disappeared from my life". At Christmas 2001, Nuttall met another woman, and they were married in July 2002. Cunningham took her story to the press, and a long feature appeared in the "Evening Standard" the day before Nuttall's wedding, revealing the birth of his son two weeks before. Cunningham commented at the time that Nuttall was "...just about the poorest man I ever dated. He didn't really register on my Richter scale". Nuttall continued to dispute his role in the birth of his son until forced to take a paternity test. However, within months he had persuaded the Child Support Agency (CSA) that he could afford only £5.40 a week in child maintenance.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: Cunningham took a one-year paralegal course at Westminster College, and alongside her own dispute over child support she began a long-running campaign to reform the child support system. She formed a group called Babies for Justice (which later merged with Mothers for Justice), and organised a protest march to Downing Street. In 2004, she gave evidence to the House of Commons Work and Pensions Committee for its report on the performance of the Child Support Agency. A court hearing in 2005 confirmed the level of support from Nuttall as £5.40 a week, and on the way out of court Cunningham kneed Nuttall in the groin. She was charged with assault and appeared in a magistrate's court in November 2006, pleading "guilty as hell". After explaining the background to the case she received a conditional discharge.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: Nuttall's father, Sir Nicholas paid the airfares for a visit to his grandson in the Bahamas in 2005, and in July 2007, a few days before his death, arranged a final meeting. After that, Cunningham asked the CSA for a child support review, but Nuttall then claimed to have no income at all, and the payments of £5.40 ended. A claim in the family division of the High Court failed to award any child support, after the judge, Mr Justice Singer, had asked "Do you seriously expect Mr Nuttall to sell his shooting rifles for child maintenance?"


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: As revealed in 2011, between late 2003 and the early weeks of 2011 Cunningham had three encounters with Thomas Strathclyde, Conservative Leader in the House of Lords, explaining that he had initially offered to help with her campaign but was only interested in sex. In 2011 Cunningham sold this story to a London newspaper, the "Sunday Mirror", after hearing that the government had plans to make parents pay for using the services of the CSA. She commented "I’m talking about this now because I’m fed up of this Government's hypocrisy and how they preach to us about family values." In February 2011 she offered a public apology to Lady Strathclyde.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: In 2011 Cunningham was reported to be suffering from back pain caused by scoliosis and degenerative disc disease, diagnosed in 2006. In 2012, she was in a wheelchair and hoping for surgery.


title: Birgit Cunningham

text: Birgit Cunningham's son Jack Cunningham-Nuttall is an actor who has taken lessons at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, London, and the Michael Howard Studios in New York City. He appeared as Young Hamlet in the film "Ophelia" (2018).


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The treaty was signed by Vyacheslav Molotov, Andrei Zhdanov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky for the Soviet Union, and Risto Ryti, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Rudolf Walden and Väinö Voionmaa for Finland. The terms of the treaty were not reversed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Karelian question refers to the debate within Finland over the possible reacquisition of this ceded territory.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: The Finnish government received the first tentative peace conditions from the Soviet Union (through Stockholm) on 31 January 1940. By then, the Soviets made larger claims than they had before the war started. The demands were for Finland to cede the Karelian Isthmus, including the city of Viipuri, and Finland's shore of Lake Ladoga. The Hanko Peninsula was to be leased to the Soviet Union for 30 years.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: Finland rejected the demands and intensified its pleas to Sweden, France and the United Kingdom for military support by regular troops. The reports from the front still held out hope for Finland, anticipating a League of Nations intervention. Positive signals, however inconstant, from France and Britain and more realistic expectations of troops from Sweden, for which plans and preparations had been made throughout the 1930s, were further reasons for Finland not to rush into peace negotiations. (See for more details.)


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: In February 1940, Finland's commander-in-chief, Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim expressed his pessimism about the military situation, which prompted the government to start peace talks on 29 February, the same day the Red Army started an attack on Viipuri (now Vyborg).


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: On 6 March, a Finnish delegation, led by Finnish Prime Minister Risto Ryti, travelled to Moscow. During the negotiations, the Red Army broke through the Finnish defence lines around Tali and were close to surrounding Viipuri.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: The treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. The protocol appended to the treaty stipulated that the fighting should end at noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time), and the fighting continued until then.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: Finland ceded approximately half of Finnish Karelia, exceeding the amount of territory demanded by the Soviets before the war. The ceded area included Finland's industrial centre, the city of Viipuri (Finland's second-largest city [Population Register] or fourth-largest city [Church and Civil Register], depending on the census data), Käkisalmi, Sortavala, Suojärvi, and the whole of Viipuri Bay (with its islands). Much of this territory was still held by the Finnish Army. Military troops and remaining civilians were hastily evacuated inside the new border: 422,000 Finns, i.e. 12% of Finland's population, left their homes.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: There was also an area that the Russians captured during the war that remained in Finnish hands according to the treaty: Petsamo. The treaty also stipulated that Finland would grant free passage for Soviet civilians through Petsamo to Norway.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: Finland also had to cede a part of the Salla area, the Finnish part of the Kalastajansaarento (Rybachi) Peninsula in the Barents Sea, and in the Gulf of Finland the islands of Suursaari, Tytärsaari, Lavansaari (now Moshchny Island о. Мощный), Peninsaari (now Maly Island, о. Малый) and Seiskari. Finally, the Hanko Peninsula was leased to the Soviet Union as a naval base for 30 years at an annual rent of 8 million marks. The total area ceded by Finland amounted to approximately 9% of its territory.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: Contrary to a common belief, the Soviet troops' transfer rights by railway to the Hanko base were not granted in the peace treaty, but they were demanded on 9 July, after Sweden had acknowledged the railway transit of Wehrmacht troops to occupied Norway.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: Additional demands were the handing over any equipment and installations on the territories that were ceded. Thus Finland had to hand over 75 locomotives, 2,000 railroad cars, and a number of cars, trucks and ships. The Enso industrial area, which was clearly on the Finnish side of the border, as it was drawn in the peace treaty, was also soon added to the Finnish losses of territory and equipment.


title: Moscow Peace Treaty

text: The harsh terms imposed on the Finns led them to seek support from Nazi Germany. The Winter War and the subsequent peace treaty were core factors in leading to what would become the Continuation War, when hostilities resumed in 1941.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: F.E.A.R. is a first-person shooter psychological horror video game series created by Craig Hubbard in 2005. Released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360, there are three main games in the series; "F.E.A.R." (2005), "" (2009), and "F.E.A.R. 3" (2011). There are also two standalone expansion packs for the first game; "F.E.A.R. Extraction Point" (2006) and "F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate" (2007), but these games are no longer considered canon, as their plots were ignored in "Project Origin" and "F.E.A.R. 3". In 2014, "F.E.A.R. Online", a free-to-play game, was released, but the servers were shut down in 2015 with the game still in open beta. Monolith Productions developed the original game and "Project Origin"; Day 1 Studios developed "F.E.A.R. 3"; TimeGate Studios developed "Extraction Point" and "Perseus Mandate"; Inplay Interactive developed "F.E.A.R. Online". Initially, the series' publishing rights were owned by Vivendi Games, who published the original game and the two expansions under the Sierra Entertainment label. In 2008, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment acquired the publishing rights and went on to publish "Project Origin" and "F.E.A.R. 3". Aeria Games published "F.E.A.R. Online" under license from Warner.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The original game is set in the city of Fairport in 2025 and follows the fictional F.E.A.R. (First Encounter Assault Recon) unit, an elite group in the United States Army tasked with investigating supernatural phenomena, as they probe a private military company's secret research program, which has resulted in the unintended release of a dangerous and powerful psychic. The player takes on the role of the unit's newest recruit, Point Man, as he faces down not only the psychic, but so too a lethal and unpredictable paranormal menace in the form of a young girl, Alma Wade. "Project Origin" is set immediately after the conclusion of the first game, and follows Sgt. Micheal Becket of Delta Force, who awakens in a strange hospital only to find that Alma, now free from her confinements, has taken a keen interest in him. "F.E.A.R. 3" takes place nine months after the conclusion of "Project Origin". Alma's pregnancy is nearing its end, and when a resurrected Paxton Fettel (the psychic from the first game) rescues Point Man from captivity, the two head back to Fairport, with Point Man determined to prevent Alma from giving birth. Fettel, however, has an entirely different motive.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: All "F.E.A.R." games are first-person shooters and feature several common guns, projectiles, and game mechanics, the most notable of which is "reflex time" (a slow motion technique that allows players to aim and shoot in real-time). With the exception of "F.E.A.R. 3", the campaign in each game is single player-only. "F.E.A.R. 3" can be played in either single-player or co-op mode. "F.E.A.R. 3" is also the only game to offer the player a choice as to the playable character.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Critically, reactions to the games have been mixed. The original game received very strong reviews and went on to be celebrated as a defining title in the FPS genre, both for its mechanics and its innovations in AI technology. Subsequent games were not as well-received; whilst their mechanics were generally lauded, a common complaint has been that the series' psychological horror elements have lost potency with each entry. The original game sold very well, but after "F.E.A.R. 3" failed to meet commercial expectations, the mainline series has been on hiatus.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: All games in the "F.E.A.R." series are first-person shooters and all share multiple game mechanics. In the first game and "F.E.A.R. Extraction Point", the only playable character is Point Man; in "F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate", the player controls an unnamed F.E.A.R. sergeant; in "", the player controls Sgt. Michael Becket of Delta Force; in "F.E.A.R. 3", which can be played in either single player or co-op modes, the player can control both Point Man and Paxton Fettel, one of the antagonists of the original game.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: When the player is controlling Point Man, the sergeant, or Becket, gameplay is very similar, irrespective of which game is being played. Common weaponry across all games includes handguns, assault rifles, submachine guns, shotguns, sniper rifles, nail guns, and rocket launchers. Other weapons available in the games include repeating cannons, particle beams, miniguns, laser carbines, grenade launchers, night vision rifles, lightning arcs, flamethrowers, pulse rifles, and machine pistols. The player also has access to various projectiles. Frag genades are common across all games, whilst other types of projectiles include proximity grenades, remote bombs, deplyable turrets, incendiary grenades, shock grenades (electricity-based), flash bangs, and zap grenades (electricity-based). Point Man, the sergeant, and Becket also have limited melee abilities; punch, kick, jumping kick, sliding tackle, and using the butts of their guns in hand-to-hand combat. In "F.E.A.R. 3", Point Man also has a knife for use in close combat.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: A prominent gameplay element in all "F.E.A.R." games is "reflex time"; an ability which slows down the game world while still allowing the player to aim and react at normal speeds. This effect is used to simulate the player character's superhuman reflexes, and is represented by stylized visual effects, such as bullets in flight that cause air distortion or interact with the game's particle system. In all games, the duration which reflex time lasts is limited, determined by a meter which slowly fills up automatically when the ability is not being used. In all games except "F.E.A.R. 3", the player can permanently increase the size of the reflex meter by picking up reflex boosters.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: In "F.E.A.R. 3", the player only has access to reflex time when playing as Point Man. When playing as Fettel, the player has access to a possession ability which allows Fettel to take control of an enemy NPC, who then becomes the playable character. When Fettel possesses an NPC, he gains access to any abilities and weaponry wielded by that individual, meaning that although the player cannot use guns when playing directly as Fettel, they can use guns when Fettel possesses gun-wielding enemies. Once in possession of an NPC, the player has a limited amount of time before the possession ends and the player returns to controlling Fettel. The player also has the option to manually end possession at any time. The player can permanently increase the size of the reflex time/possession meter via the game's ranking system, which is based on completing various challenges. Completing a challenge awards points, and when enough points have been accrued, the player's rank increases. Each rank progression gives the player an award, such as increasing the size of the meter, unlocking new melee abilities, increasing ammo and grenade capacity, or allowing the player's health to regenerate faster.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Introduced in "Project Origin" is the ability to use a heavily armored mechs, called an Elite Power Armor (EPA) in-game. In "Project Origin", EPAs are armed with two miniguns and two shoulder mounted rocket launchers. Ammo for each is infinite, but the miniguns overheat if fired continuously, and require a short cool-down period. Similarly, the rocket launchers require a moment to arm. EPAs also have fully regenerative health and an optional night vision display that allows the player to easily discern heat signatures. In "F.E.A.R. 3", there are two types of mech available; the REV9 Powered Armor and the Enhanced Power Armor (EPA). The REV9 is armed with two burst cannons and a head-mounted raygun. The EPA has two miniguns and a shoulder-mounted rocket launcher. Ammo is infinite for all weapons, but the cannons/miniguns overheat if fired continuously, and require a short cool-down period. Similarly, the raygun/rocket launchers require a moment to arm. Both mechs also have fully regenerative health and shields, which can significantly reduce incoming damage. However, when the shields are deployed, the rocket launchers cannot be used.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Unique to "F.E.A.R. 3" is an active cover system. When cover is available to the player, a command prompt will appear on-screen, allowing the player to snap to cover. Once in cover, the player can peer around or over their cover and can move around to a limited degree while staying snapped. If another piece of cover is nearby, the player can move from one piece to the other without having to leave cover. Players can also vault over cover and automatically spin 180 degrees to face in the opposite direction and target any enemies who have emerged behind them.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The original game's multiplayer features deathmatch, team deathmatch, elimination, team elimination, capture the flag, "Control", and "Conquer All". It also features game types specifically designed to allow players to use reflex time; SlowMo deathmatch, team SlowMo deathmatch, and SlowMo capture the flag. These game types feature a reflex time power-up, which only one player can carry at a time, and when it is fully charged (it charges when it is being carried) that player can activate it and give themselves (and the rest of their team, if applicable) a considerable speed advantage over opposing players. However, whoever is carrying the power-up will have a bluish glow and will be permanently visible on all players' mini-maps.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: In August 2006, "F.E.A.R."s multiplayer component was re-released on PC as a free download under the name "F.E.A.R. Combat". Incorporating the latest multiplayer patches, all ten gameplay modes, and all nineteen maps, "F.E.A.R. Combat" was compatible with the original PC retail edition's multiplayer, meaning those with only the download could play with those who own the full game.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "Project Origin"s multiplayer features deathmatch, team deathmatch, "Control", "Armored Front" (similar to Control, but control points must be captured in a specific order, and each team also has access to an EPA), "Failsafe" (one team is tasked with planting and detonating a bomb, the other team with preventing them), "Blitz" (a capture the flag game), and SloMo Deathmatch.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R. 3"s multiplayer features four different multiplayer modes. In "Soul King", all players have the possession ability and are unable to bear arms. To win, the player must possess enemy NPCs and collect their souls; the winner is the player with the most souls at the end of the match.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: In "Contractions", players must defend a base against a series of increasingly difficult enemy waves. In "F**king Run!", players must fight their way through enemies as they move towards an extraction point, all while running from Alma's "Wall of Death". If a player is killed by an NPC, their teammates can revive them, but if the Wall consumes any one player, the game is over for all players. In "Soul Survivor", players defend against waves of enemies, but in this mode, one of the players is randomly corrupted at the commencement of the game, and that player's goal is to possess the other players before the time limit expires. When a player is possessed, they too become corrupted and work to possess the remaining players. To win the game, a player must survive until the end of the round without being possessed.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R." was announced for Microsoft Windows at E3 2003. The foundational concept was to make a game where the player felt like the hero of an action film. This led to the development of reflex time, with Writer, director, and lead designer Craig Hubbard stating that he wanted "to make combat as intense as the tea house shootout at the beginning of John Woo's "Hard Boiled"". Defeating "enemies with style" was crucial to this. Another key influence was the Wachowskis' "The Matrix" (1999). In particular, the lobby scene was the team's initial point of reference for how the game's combat should look and feel. In a 2008 interview, Hubbard explained,


title: F.E.A.R.

text: As well as its core first-person shooter gameplay, "F.E.A.R." is also a psychological horror, and was specifically influenced by Japanese horror, with the developers citing films such as "Ringu" (1998), "Memento Mori" (1999), "Kairo" (2001), "The Eye" (2002), "" (2002), and "Dark Water" (2002), as well as Koji Suzuki's 1991 novel "Ringu" (on which the 1998 film was based). The main source of the game's horror is Alma Wade. In terms of influences, she is often assumed to have been inspired by Samara from "The Ring" (the American remake of "Ringu"). Hubbard, however, explains that Alma "was born out of a tradition of eerie, faceless female ghosts" and not "as an answer to any specific movie character". Although he does acknowledge that Alma "bears some visual resemblance to the ghosts in "Dark Water" or "Séance"", he points out that "creepy little girls have been freaking [him] out since "The Shining"". Alma was named after Alma Mobley from Peter Straub's novel "Ghost Story" (1979).


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The game's AI was the culmination of work which Monolith Productions had begun with "" (2000) and "" (2002). In developing the AI routines, the team's main goal was to try to match the NPCs' intelligence with the player's skill level. According to Jeff Orkin, senior AI engineer, "our goal is not to have the players dominated by the AI, but we want them to learn to respect the AI so much that even the easy kills provide a sense of accomplishment."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R." was the first video game to use "GOAP" (Goal Oriented Action Planning). GOAP is a STRIPS-based architecture that allows enemies more autonomy than simply reacting to the player. Instead they decide on a goal from a list of options and do not have to be programmed on plan how best to reach that goal. Orkin explains that "with a planning system, we can just toss in goals and actions. We never have to manually specify the transitions between these behaviors. The AI figure out the dependencies themselves at run-time based on the goal state and the preconditions and effects of actions." This is manifested in the gameplay insofar as,


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The Xbox 360 version of the game was announced in May 2006, with Day 1 Studios handling the port. Graphically, the Xbox 360 version was equivalent to the PC version on maximum settings and Day 1 also increased the native resolution to 720p and added high dynamic range lighting, an advanced particle system, and HD textures. The Xbox version also features an exclusive bonus level not found in the PC original, as well as an exclusive new weapon. The PlayStation 3 port was announced in August 2006. Like the Xbox 360 version, the PlayStation 3 port was developed by Day 1 Studios. This version also has its own exclusive additional level and weapon. Like the Xbox version, the game's native resolution was increased to 720p, but the other enhancements were removed for this version.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R. Extraction Point" was announced for Microsoft Windows in May 2006, with TimeGate Studios working on development. Due to uncertainty regarding rights (Monolith had been purchased by Warner Bros. Games in 2004, and owned the rights to the intellectual property and characters, but Vivendi Games still owned the name ""F.E.A.R.""), it was stated in a press release that the plot for "Extraction Point" had been approved by Monolith and was in line with their own plans for a full sequel, which they had announced in February.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: During the promotion of the game, producer Tim Hall explained that in making "Extraction Point", the designers were keen to address some of the common criticisms of the base game. Hall explained that because one of the main criticisms of the first game was that the levels were too repetitive and enclosed, the team had ensured to include more aesthetically varied environments, especially large outdoor sections. He clarified, "we wanted to not only give the player more of the fun factor of "F.E.A.R." but also to address any criticisms that players had - yes we have heard the office layout one a million times - so we changed things up a little. With "Extraction Point" we not only have that same fun close quarters combat but we have also added in some much larger areas for some fun ranged combat as well."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate" was announced in July 2007, when it was revealed that the Xbox 360 version of the game would be bundled with "F.E.A.R. Extraction Point" (previously only available on PC) and released under the name "F.E.A.R. Files". Developers TimeGate Studios revealed that the game would not be a narrative sequel to "Extraction Point", but a sidequel to the base game and the first expansion, focusing on a different F.E.A.R. team. They also stressed that the player would be accompanied for much of the game by an AI companion, a design decision made after the section in "Extraction Point" where Point Man is joined by a colleague received very positive feedback.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: As of 2008, neither "Extraction Point" nor "Perseus Mandate" is considered canon in the "F.E.A.R." universe insofar as "Project Origin" disregards the events of both, acting instead as a direct sequel to the original game. Initial reports were that Monolith had given the expansions' storylines their blessing, and that they were in line with their own in-development sequel. However, in December 2008, a year after the release of "Perseus Mandate" and a few months before the release of "Project Origin", Dave Matthews, "Project Origin"s lead artist, explained that the expansions


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "" was announced by Monolith in February 2006. Monolith had been purchased by Warner in 2004, after development of the original "F.E.A.R" was already underway and a publishing deal had already been struck with Vivendi. By 2006, although Monolith and Warner owned the rights to the "F.E.A.R." intellectual property and characters, but Vivendi still owned the name ""F.E.A.R."" As a result, any non-Vivendi game set in the "F.E.A.R." universe could use the characters and events from the original, but could not be called "F.E.A.R." At the same time, any non-Warner game set in the "F.E.A.R." universe could not use the characters and events from the original game, but could be called "F.E.A.R."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: In May 2006, Vivendi announced that an expansion pack for the first game was being developed and the press release clarified that the plot for the expansion had been approved by Monolith. However, in December 2008, Monolith officially confirmed what had long been suspected; despite initial reports that they had approved the story and that that story was in line with their own plans, in fact, that sequel would ignore the events of both expansions and instead serve as a canonical follow-up to the original game. In September 2008, Monolith Productions and Warner re-acquired the "F.E.A.R." name from Vivendi.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Originally, the plan for "Project Origin" was to release two completely different games - one for PC, and one for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, with Monolith president Samantha Ryan stating, "in addition to continuing the series on PC, we're committed to bringing it to next-generation consoles by creating separate titles tailored to each audience." This plan was never realised and in December 2008, Craig Hubbard explained that the two titles "just merged."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: One of Monolith's main goals with "Project Origin" was to successfully tackle the biggest criticisms of the original game - the bland and repetitive environments, and the lack of enemy variety. Co-lead designer John Mulkey explained that "variety" in a general sense was one of the main guiding principals as the team strove for "more visual variety, more variety in enemies and in gameplay experiences." Mulkey, who was lead level designer on the first game, acknowledged that although that game was claustrophobic by design, the interiors were too similar, and so, "we've decided to mix it up and to have these more open spaces." For the sequel, Monolith wanted to have the game take place across multiple, visually differentiated, locations.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: In terms of enemy variety, the team endeavored to create not just aesthetically differentiated enemies, but "new AI types that have different tactics." Indeed, the creation of new locations and new enemies dovetailed into one another in an unexpected manner. As Mulkey explains, "as we started to change the volume of the space the combat altered, and it gave us new opportunities to approach the AI in different ways, educate them with different activities and abilities."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Much as the first game's atmosphere was heavily inspired by certain films, so too with the sequel. Matthews names films such as Timur Bekmambetov's "Nightwatch" (2004) and "Daywatch" (2006), Alexandre Aja's "Haute tension" (2003), and the "Saw" franchise as especially important inspirations for the game's atmosphere. In relation to "Saw", he explained the designers were trying to capture, "that response that happens in your body when you realise you're going to have to do something horrible, or something much worse is going to happen".


title: F.E.A.R.

text: One of the central elements of the game's atmosphere would be Alma, who had a much more involved role in the sequel than in the original. By way of this increased presence, Monolith intended to enhance the game's horror; "we've put a lot of effort and a lot of thought into the ways in which we can give Alma teeth." Hubbard also pointed out that Alma has "a stronger agenda, which gives her a more active, visceral role." Speaking of the balance between combat and horror, Hubbard reminded people that "this is first and foremost an action game. There are horror elements, but it's not meant to be an unrelenting experience in terror." With this in mind, Monolith were attempting to strike a similar balance as in the first game;


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R. 3" originally began life as "F.E.A.R. 2". In 2006, with the rights still split between Warner and Vivendi, each company began development of their own sequel to the original game; Warner stuck with Monolith as developers whereas Vivendi hired Day 1. Thus, two rival sequels were in production at the same time - the Warner/Monolith game and the Vivendi/Day 1 game. In September 2008, 18 months into development on the Vivendi/Day 1 game, Monolith and Warner re-acquired the "F.E.A.R." name, bringing all of the copyrights under one roof. Monolith continued development on their sequel, which now became the 'official' sequel. When Warner looked at the work Day 1 had been doing for their version of "F.E.A.R. 2", they suggested that the game could be moulded into " F.E.A.R. 3", and so Day 1 began reworking the game from the ground up.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: To write the script, Warner hired Steve Niles over the objections of Day 1, who wanted to use Brian Keene. At the same time, a project on which he had been working with John Carpenter had recently fallen through, and so he asked Warner if they'd be interested in bringing Carpenter on board as well, to which they said yes. Some of the Day 1 staff, however, do not have fond memories of working with Niles and Carpenter. According to associate producer Chris Julian, "John Carpenter did absolutely nothing. It was like we licensed his name and that was about it." On the other hand, narrative designers Stephen Dinehart and Cory Lanham said that Carpenter "was" involved, albeit limited to conference calls where he would listen to the team's ideas and give suggestions, occasionally advising on cutscenes and the script. Carpenter himself was never on-site and never met any of the Day 1 people in person. According to lead artist Heinz Schuller, "they wrote him a cheque to get his name on the game and they got some ideas from him. Probably."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Officially, the team's main design principle was to avoid messing "too much with the "F.E.A.R." franchise's successful formula of frenetic soldier combat and paranormal horror." Behind the scenes, however, Day 1 initially wanted to make the game more like the original than the sequel - emphasising the survival horror elements, such as a dearth of ammo and medkits, and a real sense of being isolated and alone. However, according to Schuller, the then president of Warner Bros. Games, Martin Tremblay, had become a big fan of the "Call of Duty" games, and Day 1


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Chris Julian was primarily responsible for the game's horror elements. He had a team of ten Day 1 personnel each of whom had experience with different types of horror. This group, called the "Scare Team" set themselves the goal of creating 10 to 15 really good scares to spread across the game. According to Julian, however, "once the co-op came down, horror pretty much went out the window." He said that Day 1 had no real interest in making the game co-op, but


title: F.E.A.R.

text: By late 2010, many of the staff, who had been working on the game for over four years, had burnt out. According to level designer Matt Mason, there were "many, many months" of "unofficial crunch", before the crunch became official with staff being told they "had" to work longer hours. According to Schuller, the game had 44 milestones, each of which involved a degree of crunch, whilst the last crunch consisted of eight months of 60-80 hour weeks. Multiple staff members quit during this period.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: In the lead up to the first game's release in October 2005, episodes were released online of a comedy miniseries created by Rooster Teeth and distributed by BeSeen Communications. "P.A.N.I.C.S." ("People Acting Normal In Crazy-Ass Situations") is a parody of "F.E.A.R.", produced primarily by way of the machinima technique of synchronizing footage created by a game engine (in this case, the LithTech Jupiter EX) to pre-recorded dialogue and audio effects. Vivendi commissioned Rooster Teeth and BeSeen to make the series as a viral marketing campaign, with Lori Inman, Vivendi's Senior Brand Manager, stating, "with "F.E.A.R." we knew we had a very special title combining a cutting edge FPS engine with a spine-tingling storyline. We liked the idea of creating a humorous viral machinima series that would entertain fans and showcase the spectacular visuals and character animations offered in the game."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Set several years before the main game, and included with the "Director's Edition" of the game, "Alma Interview" is a live-action short depicting four snippets from an interview with the seven-year-old Alma in the lead up to her being placed in Project Origin.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Included with the "Director's Edition" of the original game, the "F.E.A.R." comic was written by Alden Freewater, with art by Edwin David, and published by Dark Horse. It takes place moments before the game begins and expands on the game's opening cutscene.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Created by DC Comics, and released on GameTrailers on October 31, 2008, the is an animated 73-second clip depicting the aftermath of the helicopter crash from the end of the first game.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Included with a limited steel box edition of "Project Origin" available only by preordering the game from GameStop, "" is a primer detailing much of the background mythology behind the "F.E.A.R." games. The book recounts the events of the first game, as well as expanding on Alma's history. It also includes information on the various characters and weaponry from each game. The book is littered with handwritten notations, composed shortly before the second game begins.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: Available via Amazon pre-order and as part of the "Collector's Edition" of the game, "F.E.A.R. 3: Prelude" was written by Steve Niles, illustrated by Stefano Raffaele, and published by DC Comics. The comic serves as a prequel to the game, beginning with the helicopter crash which ends the original "F.E.A.R."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The PC version of the original game received very positive reviews, with the AI garnering especial praise. Critics also lauded the graphics, atmosphere, sound design, music, and combat mechanics. Common points of criticism were a lack of enemy variety, a weak plot, and repetitive level design. "IGN"s Tom McNamara called it "one of the best shooters this year". "GameSpot"s Jason Ocampo said it "elevates the genre to a whole new level of intensity". "Eurogamer"s Tom Bramwell called it "fresh and compelling." "Game Informer"s Adam Biessener praised the "smartest AI-controlled opponents I've ever faced" and called the combat mechanics "intense almost to the point of sensory overload".


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The Xbox 360 port also received generally positive reviews. "IGN"s Eric Brudvig wrote, ""F.E.A.R." has made it from the PC to 360 with everything that made it an outstanding experience." "Eurogamer"s Kristen Reed argued that "it gets the core of the experience so absolutely spot-on." "GameSpot"s Jason Ocampo called it "easily one of the most intense and atmospheric games on the Xbox 360."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The PlayStation 3 port received less positive reviews, with many critics unimpressed with the port's technical issues and graphical inferiority, although they still lauded the game mechanics. "IGN"s Greg Miller wrote, "the PS3 doesn't hold a candle to the visuals found in the Xbox 360 version", but called it "still one of the best experiences I've had on a PS3". "GameSpot"s Jason Ocampo argued that it "lacks the level of polish and atmosphere seen in the previous two versions." "Electronic Gaming Monthly"s Joe Rybicki called it "a tragedy", citing "inexcusable technical issues", and finding it to be "one of the most reprehensible ports in recent memory."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The PC version of "Extraction Point" also received positive reviews, with critics praising its fidelity to the base game. Common criticisms included a lack of replay value, a short campaign, and a failure to innovate or try anything really new. "Game Informer"s Adam Biessener praised it for "[retaining] every single good element that was present [in the base game]". "Xplay"s Jason D'Aprile called it "a worthy gun fix." "GameSpot"s Jason Ocampo argued, "TimeGate deserves plenty of credit for maintaining the intensity of the original". "IGN"s Charles Onyett found it a little too similar to the original; "you may at times be fooled into thinking you're playing the first "F.E.A.R.""


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The PC version of "Perseus Mandate" received mixed reviews with critics praising the mechanics, but criticising the dated graphics and the game's similarity to previous titles. "PALGN"s Neil Booth criticised it for not "deviating one inch from the formula", finding it "so familiar that an air of been-there-done-that sucks a lot of the life out." "IGN"s Dan Adams wrote, "if you're looking for something new or compelling and some flashy sound or visuals, don't bother. "GameSpot"s Jason Ocampo wrote, "it's difficult to play this expansion without feeling that you're doing the exact same things that you've done countless times before."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "Project Origin" received positive reviews but some critics felt it to be inferior to the first game. Common points of praise included the mechanics, sound effects, graphics and mech sections, and enemy variety. Less enthusiastically received were the plot, cover mechanics, horror elements, and some of the gameplay changes from the original. Several critics also felt it took too few risks and was little more than a generic, albeit well-made, shooter. "IGN"s Jason Ocampo called it "a good shooter, bordering on great", but acknowledged, "it's not as groundbreaking as its predecessor." "GameSpot"s Kevin VanOrd felt that it "seems to have lost sight of the strengths that made its predecessor so unique." "PC Zone"s Steve Hogarth argued ""Project Origin" falls short of delivering the kick provided by the original." "Eurogamer"s Kieron Gillen was especially unimpressed, finding the game to be "a checklist of genre-tropes" and "as archetypal a corridor-shooter as has ever been made."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R. 3" received mixed reviews. Critics generally lauded the multiplayer, co-op, and the mechanics, but were unimpressed with the plot, the absence of any real horror, and the short length of the campaign. Many critics felt that although it was a solid, if by-the-numbers, first-person shooter, it failed as a "F.E.A.R." game. "Eurogamer"s Jeffrey Matulef was critical of the "subpar scares" and "shoddy narrative", but found it to be "a finely crafted action game." "GameSpot"s Carolyn Petit argued that "while "F.E.A.R. 3" may disappoint as a horror game, it satisfies as a shooter." Adam Mathew of Australia's "PlayStation Official Magazine" called it "solid, if stock-standard". Calum Wilson Austin of "The Sydney Morning Herald" wrote, "I would hate to see this entry be the death knell of the franchise."


title: F.E.A.R.

text: The original game was a commercial success. By the time the game was released on PlayStation 3 in April 2007, the combined worldwide sales of the PC and Xbox 360 versions was over two million units. The PlayStation 3 version itself was the console's best selling title in April, moving 45,864 units in North America.


title: F.E.A.R.

text: "F.E.A.R." won "Computer Games Magazine"s 2005 "Best Sound Effects" award, and was a runner-up for their list of the year's 10 best PC games. It won 2005's "Best Action Game" from both the Game Critics Awards and "PC Gamer US". "GameSpy" awarded it their 2005 "Best Story" award. In "GameSpot"s 2005 annual awards, it won "Best AI" and "Best Graphics (Technical)". At the 4th Annual Game Audio Network Guild Awards in 2006, it shared the "Best Use of Multi-Channel Surround" with "Call of Duty 2".


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The 2020 British Columbia general election was held on October 24, 2020, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly to serve in the 42nd parliament of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The incumbent New Democratic Party of British Columbia (BC NDP) won a majority government, making John Horgan the first leader in the history of the BC NDP to win a second consecutive term as Premier. The incoming Legislature marked the first time the NDP commanded an outright majority government in BC since the 1996 election, as well as the first province-wide popular vote win for the party since 1991.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: Horgan called a snap election on September 21, 2020, the first early election in the province since the 1986 election. Horgan portrayed the call for an early election as required for stability given the fact that the BC NDP was governing with a minority of seats in the Legislative Assembly, but his decision was criticized by both the NDP's confidence and supply partner, the British Columbia Green Party, and the province's Official Opposition, the British Columbia Liberal Party, as opportunistic.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: Liberal leader Andrew Wilkinson resigned two days after the election, but remained as leader until November 23.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: This election took place under first-past-the-post rules, as proportional representation had been rejected with 61.3% voting against it in the 2018 referendum.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: Section 23 of British Columbia's "Constitution Act" provides that general elections occur on the third Saturday in October of the fourth calendar year after the last election. The fixed election date was previously set for the second Tuesday in May — tentatively making the next election date May 12, 2021; but the BC NDP passed legislation in 2017 amending the section of the constitution pertaining to the set election day. The same section, though, makes the fixed election date subject to the Lieutenant Governor's prerogative to dissolve the Legislative Assembly as he or she sees fit (in practice, on the advice of the Premier or following a vote of non-confidence).


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: This prerogative was exercised on September 21, 2020, when Premier John Horgan called a snap election, thus dissolving the 41st Parliament. The writ of election was issued the same day, commencing a 32-day campaign. This was the first election in BC in nearly two decades to not have been held on the fixed date, following four successive elections which had adhered to fixed-date legislation under amendments to the "Constitution Act" introduced by the Liberal government under Gordon Campbell and passed shortly after the Liberals came into power subsequent to the 2001 election. It was also the first time a BC government had gone to the polls before the expiration of its mandate since the Social Credit government under Bill Vander Zalm called an early election in 1986.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: This election was the second Canadian provincial election held during the COVID-19 pandemic, after the September 2020 election in New Brunswick – also a snap election. Due to the pandemic, more than 720,000 people requested mail-in ballots. Elections BC expected that 35 to 40 percent of ballots would be sent by mail, compared to 1 percent historically. Advance voting took place between October 15 and 21, with more than 681,000 people voting ahead of the election date.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: Due to the significant increase in mail-in voting, the full results of the election were not known until November 8; the results of the judicial recount held in one constituency, West Vancouver-Sea to Sky, were only known on November 17.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The election occurred only three years and five months after the 2017 election and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. By the terms of the confidence and supply agreement that had been struck between the NDP and the Green Party, the NDP had been barred from calling a snap election and from holding an election before the fixed date. The premier defended his decision to call an early election, claiming that the province needed the government to have a strong mandate and stability to deal with the challenges of the pandemic for the coming years; the governing New Democrats did not have a majority of seats in the legislature, relying on confidence and supply from the Greens for a slim combined majority. An Ipsos poll conducted for Global News and radio station CKNW found that 46 percent of people disapproved of the snap election call, while 32 percent approved. Horgan and the BC NDP had been enjoying popularity in the polls during the summer and throughout the pandemic.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: On September 21, 2020, the BC NDP chose Nathan Cullen, a longtime party member and former member of Parliament for the federal NDP, to be the New Democratic candidate in the riding of Stikine, which is located in northwestern BC and was previously represented by Doug Donaldson. Cullen, a white man, was nominated after the NDP attempted, but failed, to find a person wanting to run who was a person from an "equity-seeking" group, such as a woman or Indigenous person; the party's policy required that a vacancy left by a male MLA not running for re-election must be filled by a person from these groups. Annita McPhee, an Indigenous woman of the Tahltan Nation who had served as president of the Tahltan Central Government, previously declared her intention to become the NDP candidate, but was not considered by the NDP. The NDP said that McPhee's application contained invalid signatures, and Cullen was nominated before the paperwork problem could be resolved. According to a party official, McPhee had indicated that she did not want to be associated with the NDP following the 2019 federal election, which was denied by McPhee.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: On September 28, BC Liberal leader Andrew Wilkinson promised a one-year tax holiday on the 7% provincial sales tax, at an estimated cost of $6.9billion, and to thereafter set it to 3% for the following year, at an estimated cost of $3.9billion, saying that it would stimulate the economy.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: On September 30, NDP leader John Horgan promised to improve conditions at long-term care homes, at a cost of $1.4billion.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The NDP filed a complaint to Elections BC against Liberal candidate Garry Thind, accusing him of violating the Elections Act by attempting to collect voters' information in order to provide them with a ballot.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: On October 4, the BC Liberals announced that they would pause the transition in Surrey from an RCMP force to a local police department, and that they would hold a referendum of whether the city's switch to a local police department should be reversed.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: On October 8, the NDP announced that they would commit to building, contingent on contributions from the federal government, the entire SkyTrain Expo Line extension to Langley Centre by 2025.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The British Columbia Liberal Party, a centre-right party, was led by Andrew Wilkinson. In the previous election, it won 43 seats but was reduced to 41 at dissolution. In the 41st Parliament, the BC Liberals served as the Official Opposition after briefly forming a minority government under then-premier Christy Clark, which was defeated on a confidence vote held 2 months after the 2017 British Columbia general election. The party ran candidates in all 87 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP), a social democratic centre-left party, was led by John Horgan. It had 41 seats in the outgoing Legislative Assembly and governed BC with a minority government. The party entered a confidence and supply agreement with the Greens following the previous election, allowing the NDP to form government despite being the party with the second-largest share of seats. It ran candidates in all 87 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The Green Party of British Columbia, a green centre-left, was led by Sonia Furstenau. It won 3 seats in the previous election but had been reduced to 2 seats by the time the 2020 election was called. The Green Party supported the minority NDP government by providing confidence and supply. It ran candidates in 74 out of the 87 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The Christian Heritage Party of British Columbia (CHP) was led by Laura-Lynn Tyler Thompson. It ran candidates in 5 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The Communist Party of British Columbia (Comm.) was led by Timothy Gidora. It ran candidates in 5 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The Conservative Party of British Columbia (Con.) was led by Trevor Bolin. It ran candidates in 19 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: The British Columbia Libertarian Party (Ltn.) was led by Donald Wilson. It ran candidates in 25 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: Wexit BC became a registered party with Elections BC in 2020 and was led by Lee Smith. It ran candidates in 2 ridings.


title: 2020 British Columbia general election

text: Student votes are mock elections that run parallel to actual elections, in which students not of voting age participate. They are administered by Student Vote Canada. Student vote elections are for educational purposes and do not count towards the results. There were ties in two constituencies, Kelowna—Lake Country (BC Green and BC NDP) and Shuswap (BC Liberal and BC NDP), which were both counted twice.


title: The Real World: New Orleans (2000 season)

text: The Real World: New Orleans is the ninth season of MTV's reality television series "The Real World", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the first season of "The Real World" to be filmed in West South Central States region of the United States, specifically in Louisiana.


text: The season featured seven people who lived in a remodeled Civil War-era mansion, called "The Belfort", in the Garden District, New Orleans and is the first of two seasons to be filmed in New Orleans. Ten years later, the show made a return in the season.


text: Filming took place over the course of 124 days between January and late May 2000 in the Belfort Mansion on St. Charles Avenue. The season premiered June 13 of that year and consisted of 23 episodes.


text: The cast lived at the Belfort Mansion, a , two-story 19th Century Greek revival mansion at 2618 St. Charles Avenue in the Garden District of New Orleans. The mansion was originally built for Alexander C. Hutchinson, who lived there with his wife until his death in 1902. It was later divided into apartments, but was in the process of being returned to a single-family residence when producers discovered it. New Orleans-based art director Monroe Kelly and architect Lee Ledbetter restored the mansion's original plan, enabling it to serve as the season's production set. For filming, it was filled with $293,442 worth of art. After filming ended, it took nearly four and a half years to complete the process of returning it to a single residence. The property managed to survive Hurricane Katrina in 2005 without any serious damage.


text: Almost every season of "The Real World", beginning with its , has included the assignment of a season-long group job or task to the housemates. The New Orleans cast was assigned to work at a New Orleans Public-access television station, with a different cast member acting as the producer of the segment every week.


text: After the cast left the "Real World" mansion, all seven of them appeared to discuss their experiences both during and since their time on the show, "The Real World New Orleans Unmasked", which premiered on November 16, 2000, and was hosted by Nathan Blackburn from "" and Rachel Campos from "".


text: Though Stoffer and castmate Melissa Howard left the house as friends, their friendship later dissolved after disagreements regarding speaking engagements and monetary disputes,


text: At the 2008 "The Real World Awards Bash", David was nominated in the "Biggest Playa" category, while Melissa was in the running for "Best Dance-Off".


text: After filming, Julie Stoffer was suspended from Brigham Young University for violating the school's honor code, which prohibits unmarried students from living in the same house with unrelated people of the opposite sex, including when school is not in session. Both Stoffer and her parents, themselves BYU alumni, criticized the manner in which the school suspended Stoffer, on the grounds that the letter with which BYU notified Stoffer of their decision, according to the Stoffers, implied that Stoffer had sexual relations with her male housemates, which Stoffer characterized as "totally false and slanderous." The school gave Stoffer six days to appeal their ruling, and included an outline of actions that Stoffer could take to regain admittance to the school, but as Stoffer was traveling while filming the MTV spinoff series, "Real World/Road Rules Challenge", she did not file an appeal, and later stated that felt no respect for the school or its Honor Code, accusing the institution of assuming, on the basis of a "technical[ity]", that she was guilty of immoral conduct, when the footage shot during her time in the "Real World" mansion established otherwise. Stoffer was later a correspondent and host for the TV show "The Electric Playground" on the video game-themed cable TV network G4. She also spoke on behalf of Path-U-Find Media, promoting her moral values and working in abstinence and anti-tobacco campaigns. In 2004, Stoffer married ophthalmologist Spencer Rogers. Together they have three children.


text: Melissa Howard created a blog during her time on the show called Princess Melissa, and as of 2008, continues to maintain it. She went on to become an actress and comedian who has worked on "The Jamie Foxx Show", and starred in the Oxygen sketch comedy series "Girls Behaving Badly". She also appeared in the 2005 Bravo show "Battle of the Network Reality Stars". In 2007 she married Justin Beck, a guitarist for the group Glassjaw, with whom she bore two daughter, Shalom Mazie and Maja. As of April 2022, she is a stay-at-home mother living in New York.


text: David Broom continued his musical work. Among his appearances was a 2003 performance on "Chappelle's Show", appearing in the sixth episode of that's show's first season. Eventually he would go on to create a YouTube cooking series under the moniker Tokyo Niyeli. As of April 2022, he also writes manga.


text: Kelley Limp moved to Los Angeles, where she works in marketing for the television industry. In 2002, she began dating actor Scott Wolf, after meeting through a mutual friend in New York City. They married in May 2004, and live in Santa Monica, California. Their son, Jackson Kayse, was born on March 22, 2009. He was followed by Miller (born in 2012), and Lucy (born in 2014).


text: Danny Roberts and former partner Wes Pereria have adopted a daughter, Naiya Sage. In 2018, he revealed that he had been disagnosed as HIV positive in 2011. He also revealed that his close friendship with former roommate Kelley Limp helped him through it. In 2018, Roberts revealed in an interview with "Entertainment Weekly" that he was HIV positive since 2011.


text: Matt Smith became a sports writer for the NBA's Phoenix Suns and webmaster of lifeteen.com. He has stated that he remained a virgin until he married his wife, Candyce on April 13, 2007. They live in Phoenix, Arizona, and had their first child, Norah, in September 2008. Their second child, Stella St. Clare, was born in October 2010. As of April 2022, they have six children.