title: Pelops

text: Pelops' father was Tantalus, king at Mount Sipylus in Anatolia. Wanting to make an offering to the Olympians, Tantalus cut Pelops into pieces and made his flesh into a stew, then served it to the gods. Demeter, deep in grief after the abduction of her daughter Persephone by Hades, absentmindedly accepted the offering and ate the left shoulder. The other gods sensed the plot, however, and held off from eating of the boy's body. While Tantalus was banished to Tartarus, Pelops was ritually reassembled and brought back to life, his shoulder replaced with one of ivory made for him by Hephaestus. Pindar mentioned this tradition in his First Olympian Ode, only to reject it as a malicious invention.


title: Pelops

text: After Pelops' resurrection, Poseidon took him to Olympus, and made him the youth apprentice, teaching him also to drive the divine chariot. Later, Zeus found out about the gods' stolen food and their now revealed secrets, and threw Pelops out of Olympus, angry at his father, Tantalus.


title: Pelops

text: Having grown to manhood, Pelops wanted to marry Hippodamia. Her father, King Oenomaus, fearful of a prophecy that claimed he would be killed by his son-in-law, had killed eighteen suitors of Hippodamia after defeating them in a chariot race and affixed their heads to the wooden columns of his palace. Pausanias was shown what was supposedly the last standing column in the late second century CE; he wrote that Pelops erected a monument in honor of all the suitors who had preceded him:


title: Pelops

text: Pelops came to ask for her hand and prepared to race Oenomaus. Worried about losing, Pelops went to the seaside and invoked Poseidon, his former lover. Reminding Poseidon of their love ("Aphrodite's sweet gifts"), he asked Poseidon for help. Smiling, Poseidon caused a chariot drawn by untamed winged horses to appear.


title: Pelops

text: Two episodes involving charioteers were added into the plain account of the heroic chariot race. In the first related by Theopompus, having received the horses, Pelops hastens to Pisa to defeat Oenomaus. On the way, his charioteer Cillus (also named Sphaerus) dies and stands in a dream over Pelops, who was highly distressed about him, to make requests for a funeral. Pelops complies by burying his ashes magnificently; he raises a mound to erect a temple dedicated to Apollo, which he names Apollo Cillaeus, and also founds a city besides the mound and the temple which he also names Cilla, after his charioteer and friend. Both the temple and the city are mentioned in the first book of Homer's "Iliad" and suggestions regarding their exact location have been made. Furthermore, Cillus, even after his death, appears to have helped Pelops' cause in order for him to win the race.


title: Pelops

text: The second, found in several versions, has Pelops, still unsure of himself, the winged horses and chariot of divine providence he had secured. Oenomaus' charioteer, Myrtilus, a son of Hermes, is persuaded to help Pelops win by promising Myrtilus half of Oenomaus' kingdom and the first night in bed with Hippodamia. The night before the race, while Myrtilus was putting together Oenomaus' chariot, he replaced the bronze linchpins attaching the wheels to the chariot axle with fake ones made of beeswax. The race started, and went on for a long time, but just as Oenomaus was catching up to Pelops and readying to kill him, the wheels flew off and the chariot broke apart. Myrtilus survived, but Oenomaus was dragged to death by his horses. Here lies the main differences in the versions, while all then see Pelops kill Myrtilus (by throwing him off a cliff into the sea) after the latter attempted to rape Hippodamia, some have Pelops give the promise to Myrtilus of Hippodamia's virginity and then either renegade the agreement or Myrtilus being impatient and trying to take her beforehand, others have Hippodamia, noticing Pelops' insecurity, giving the promise behind the back of Pelops, who then falsely believed it was an attempted rape.


title: Pelops

text: After his victory, Pelops organized chariot races as thanksgiving to the gods and as funeral games in honor of King Oenomaus, in order to be purified of his death. It was from this funeral race held at Olympia that the beginnings of the ancient Olympic Games were inspired. Pelops became a great king, a local hero, and gave his name to the Peloponnese. Walter Burkert notes that though the story of Hippodamia's abduction figures in the Hesiodic "Catalogue of Women" and on the chest of Cypselus (c. 570 BCE) that was conserved at Olympia, and though preparations for the chariot-race figured in the east pediment of the great temple of Zeus at Olympia, the myth of the chariot race only became important at Olympia with the introduction of chariot racing in the twenty-fifth Olympiad (680 BCE). G. Devereux connected the abduction of Hippodamia with animal husbandry taboos of Elis, and the influence of Elis at Olympia that grew in the seventh century.


title: Pelops

text: As Myrtilus died, he cursed Pelops for his ultimate betrayal. This was one of the sources of the curse that destroyed his family: two of his sons, Atreus and Thyestes, killed their half brother, Chrysippus, who was his favorite son and was meant to inherit the kingdom; Atreus and Thyestes were banished by him together with Hippodamia, their mother, who then hanged herself; each successive generation of descendants suffered greatly by atrocious crimes and compounded the curse by committing more crimes, as the curse weighed upon Pelops' children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren including Atreus, Thyestes, Agamemnon, Aegisthus, Menelaus, and finally Orestes, who was acquitted by a court of law convened by the gods Athena and Apollo. Although commonly referred to as "the curse of the Atreides", the circle of atrocious events began two generations before Atreus and continued for two generations after him, before being formally absolved by the Furies in court. Many decades after Pelops's death, his grandson Menelaus, having survived the long-lasting Trojan War and stranded in Egypt, would recount his numerous plights and wish Pelops had perished for good at Tantalus' dinner, so he would not had sired Atreus, and he in turn fathered Agamemnon and himself.


title: Pelops

text: Pelops is believed to have Anatolian origins. He may have been originally worshipped in Phrygia or Lydia or both. Other ancient mythographers connect him with Paphlagonia. He may have come from the Paphlagonian town of Enete. Thucydides says simply that Pelops was "from Asia".


title: Pelops

text: Also, according to Strabo, Pelops' cult may have come to the Peloponnese originally from Phthiotis, and was first based in Laconia: "... the Achaeans of Phthiotis came down with Pelops into the Peloponnesus, took up their abode in Laconia ..."


title: Pelops

text: The shrine of Pelops at Olympia, the Pelopion, "drenched in glorious blood", described by Pausanias stood apart from the temple of Zeus, next to Pelops' gravesite by the ford in the river. It was enclosed with a circle of stones. Pelops was propitiated as a chthonic deity, at night with the offering of a black ram. His remains were contained in a chest near the sanctuary of Artemis Kordax (Pausanias 6.22.1), though in earlier times a gigantic shoulder blade was shown; during the Trojan War, John Tzetzes said, Pelops' shoulder-blade was brought to Troy by the Greeks because the Trojan prophet Helenus claimed the Pelopids would be able to win by doing so. Pausanias was told the full story: the shoulder-blade of Pelops was brought to Troy from Pisa, the rival of Elis; on the return, the bone was lost in a shipwreck, but afterwards recovered by a fisherman, miraculously caught in his net.


title: Pelops

text: Giant-sized bones were and are often found in Greece, the remains of gigantic prehistoric animals. In ancient times there was obviously no knowledge of dinosaurs or mammoths, and such findings were believed to be actual remains of legendary heroes or demigods, and to reflect the supposedly supernatural stature of humans of the long-bygone Heroic Age. The bones' provenance was then determined according to local legends about ancient burials, with political expedience also playing a major role, helped along by convenient dreams, visions or priestly auguries.


title: A Monster Calls

text: A Monster Calls is a low fantasy novel written for young adults by Patrick Ness (from an original idea by Siobhan Dowd) illustrated by Jim Kay and published by Walker in 2011. Set in present-day England, it features a boy who struggles to cope with the consequences of his mother's illness. He is repeatedly visited in the middle of the night by a monster who tells stories. Dowd was terminally ill with cancer when she came up with the idea for the story, and died before she could write it.


title: A Monster Calls

text: Ness and Kay respectively won the Carnegie Medal and the Greenaway Medal in 2012, the "year's best" children's literary awards by the British librarians (CILIP). "A Monster Calls" is the only book to have won both Medals.


title: A Monster Calls

text: Siobhan Dowd conceived the novel while she had cancer. She discussed it and contracted to write it with editor Denise Johnstone-Burt at Walker Books, who also worked with Patrick Ness. After Dowd's death in August 2007, Walker arranged for Ness to write the story. Later, Walker and Ness arranged for Jim Kay to illustrate it, but Ness and Kay did not meet until after it was published in May 2011.


title: A Monster Calls

text: Thirteen-year-old Conor O'Malley awakens from the same nightmare he has been experiencing for the past few months, "the one with the darkness and the wind and the screaming".


title: A Monster Calls

text: At seven minutes after midnight ("12:07"), a voice calls to him from outside his bedroom window, which overlooks an old church and its graveyard sheltered by a yew tree. Walking to the window, Conor meets the monster who called, a towering mass of branches and leaves formed in a human shape from the yew tree. The monster is intrigued that Conor is not afraid of it and insists that Conor summoned it. The monster wants the truth from Conor. The monster claims to be a version of the green man and warns that it will tell Conor three true stories, after which Conor must tell a story of his own, which is the truth (the events that happened in the real nightmare).


title: A Monster Calls

text: Between its tales, which aim to demonstrate the complications inherent in humans, it is revealed that Conor's mother is undergoing chemotherapy and has been afflicted with terminal cancer for the past year. Conor is isolated and alone. His flaky father uses his new family in the United States as an excuse to be detached and unsupportive. His distant relationship with his pushy and cold grandmother provides no comfort either. Conor is a victim of bullying at school and he has distanced himself from all social contact other than that of the monster. As the story progresses, his mother's condition worsens and Conor's encounters with the monster have escalating consequences. The story also mentions an alleged "Pit Monster" and "Sky Monster".


title: A Monster Calls

text: At the end of the book the reader finds out why the monster has been coming and about the nightmare Conor fears: Conor holds onto his mother's arms, gripping her tightly as she is about to fall off a cliff. Conor loosens his grip, lets his mother fall purposely, though he could have held on to her longer. The monster came for Conor to confess the truth to his mother about how he wanted her to die so she did not have to suffer, he would not feel so isolated, and to end the pain for both of them. By doing so, Conor could finally let his mother go. At 12:07, the time the monster usually arrived, Conor's mother passed, and so did all their pain. Conor's tale was told.


title: A Monster Calls

text: An old king who has lost his entire family, except a young grandson, remarries a beautiful young woman many claim to be a witch. He dies before the young prince has come of age, leaving the step-grandmother as regent. She rules well and fairly, but—not wanting to hand over the kingdom—plots to marry the prince and remain queen.


title: A Monster Calls

text: A greedy, ill-tempered apothecary who follows the old traditions and beliefs constantly pesters a parson to allow him to cut down the yew tree in the churchyard and use it for medicinal ingredients. The apothecary becomes less and less popular and is nearly ruined, aided by the apothecary's own foul nature and the parson's active condemnation of him from the pulpit.


title: A Monster Calls

text: There was a man who was invisible because no one ever saw him. Tired of this, he summoned the monster to ensure no one forgot to see him again. The monster made them see, but there are harder things than being invisible. As this story is told, Conor is briefly possessed by the monster and physically and violently assaults Harry, the school bully, throwing him across the dining hall, putting the boy in the hospital.


title: A Monster Calls

text: Conor must confront his nightmare to tell the fourth story or face being engulfed by smoke and flames.


title: A Monster Calls

text: "A Monster Calls" received widespread acclaim. Philip Pullman, author of the fantasy trilogy "His Dark Materials", praised the novel as "compelling ... powerful and impressive", Similarly, "New York Times" critic Jessica Bruder wrote "this is one profoundly sad story" and called the novel "a potent piece of art," applauding Kay's illustrations. Daniel Hahn from "The Independent" also praised "A Monster Calls", saying that it was "brave and beautiful, full of compassion," and that "the result trembles with life." "Publishers Weekly" gave it a starred review and called it "a singular masterpiece."


title: A Monster Calls

text: Ness won the Carnegie Medal for writing and Kay won the Greenaway Medal for illustration, recognising the year's best work published in the UK. The double win alone is unprecedented in more than fifty years since the illustration award was established.


title: A Monster Calls

text: "A Monster Calls" also won the British Children's Book of the Year, voted by an "academy of 750 book industry experts";


title: A Monster Calls

text: In the U.S., the American Library Association magazine "Booklist" named it the "Top of the List" for 2011 youth fiction.


title: A Monster Calls

text: On 5 March 2014, Focus Features purchased the film rights to the book and at the time committed $20 million in P&A (prints and advertising) to release the movie. On 9 April 2014, it was announced that a film based on the book would be released by Focus Features on 14 October 2016. The film was directed by Juan Antonio Bayona and written by the book's author Patrick Ness. On 23 April 2014, Felicity Jones joined the film to play the boy's mother. On 8 May, Liam Neeson joined the film to voice the Monster. On 18 August, Sigourney Weaver joined to play the boy's grandmother. On 19 August, Toby Kebbell also joined the film to play the boy's father.


title: A Monster Calls

text: The film premiered on 10 September 2016 at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in Spain on 7 October 2016 and was released in the United States on 5 January 2017.


title: A Monster Calls

text: On 24 October 2017, Patrick Ness announced via Instagram that a stage adaptation was being made. Sally Cookson was later announced as the director, with Adam Peck as Dramaturg (Writer in the Room) and Miranda Cromwell as associate director. The play won an Olivier Award in 2019 for Best Entertainment and Family. The play was previewed at the Bristol Old Vic on 7 July before having its first run at The Old Vic, as part of their 200th anniversary season, from 17 July.


title: Le Creuset

text: Le Creuset (, meaning "the crucible") is a maker of enameled cast-iron cookware. The company's first model was manufactured in the town of Fresnoy-le-Grand in France in 1925 and was similar in function to a dutch oven, but with T-shaped handles designed by the Italian industrial innovator Enzo Mari. The Le Creuset dutch oven is on display in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington DC as a part of the recreation of the chef Julia Child's kitchen. It has been widely reported to be her favorite cooking pot, though specialist sources hold that it was the dutch oven of Le Creuset's now-less-remembered competitor Descoware that was her real favorite. The company also makes many other types of cookware and bakeware, from fondue-sets to tagines.


title: Le Creuset

text: Le Creuset was founded in Fresnoy-le-Grand, Aisne, Picardy at the crossroads of transportation routes for iron, coke, and sand. Armand De Saegher (a Belgian casting specialist) and Octave Aubecq (a Belgian enamelling specialist) opened the foundry in 1925. That same year, the first (or French oven) was produced, laying the foundation for what is now an extensive range of cookware and kitchen utensils. Flame (orange), was used for the first piece.


title: Le Creuset

text: In 1957, Le Creuset purchased a competitor, Les Hauts Fourneaux de Cousances, and began producing items such as a grill and a fondue set.


title: Le Creuset

text: The cookery writer Elizabeth David promoted Mediterranean cooking in the UK and was a Le Creuset promoter, particularly in her 1969 booklet 'Cooking with Le Creuset'. One of the colours of blue in the cookware range was created for her


title: Le Creuset

text: The current Le Creuset logo was introduced in 1970 as a symbolic representation of metal casting and moulding.


title: Le Creuset

text: In the 1970s Enzo Mari designed distinctive Dutch ovens and saucepans with domed lids and typical handles. In the 1980s JC Barrault's "Futura" line was launched.


title: Le Creuset

text: In 1995, Le Creuset began exploring new product categories: stainless steel, stoneware, silicone, enamel on steel, textiles and forged hard-anodized aluminium.


title: Le Creuset

text: Le Creuset offers a variety of colours, from bright (e.g. cherry, a gradated red) to muted (e.g. dune, a gradated off-white). Its discontinued colours include cobalt (gradated blue-violet), black onyx (solid black), kiwi (gradated light green), as well as slate, granite, cactus, and citron. In addition to their standard colors, Le Creuset partners with major kitchenware retail brands such as Williams-Sonoma and Sur La Table to offer unique "exclusive" colors which are only available for purchase through their respective stores.


title: Le Creuset

text: Le Creuset kitchenware gained new fans amongst users of social media in 2020 as a high value designer brand.


title: Le Creuset

text: To manufacture their cast-iron cookware, the Le Creuset foundry uses standard sand casting methods. After hand finishing, items are sprayed with at least two coats of enamel. The Le Creuset Signature range of cast iron cookware is coated in a minimum of three coats of enamel. The enamel becomes resistant to damage during normal use. Currently, all Le Creuset cast-iron cookware is still manufactured in the company's foundry in Fresnoy-le-Grand. The process was featured on BBC Two's Inside the Factory.


title: Le Creuset

text: Le Creuset products that are not cast-iron may be made in other countries, such as China (accessories or silicone products), Thailand (kettles and ceramics), England (enamel cleaner), Portugal (stainless steel), and Swaziland (clay pots).


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Patricia "Tricia" Penrose (born 9 April 1970) is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Gina Ward in ITV's long-running 1960s drama "Heartbeat", a role she played continuously for 17 years from 1993 to 2010. She has also appeared on "The Royal", "Coronation Street", "Emmerdale", "Boon", "Justice", "Fort Boyard", "The Bill" and "Dancin' Thru the Dark". As well as her acting roles, she has had her own show on Radio Wirral and in 2021 been working on some shows for BBC Radio 4.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Although primarily focused on her acting career, Penrose has also had an interest in the music industry, releasing two singles – "Where Did Our Love Go?" (1996, UK No. 71) and "Don't Wanna Be Alone" (2000, UK No. 44). In 2002, she reached the final of "A Song for Europe" (the competition to select the UK's Eurovision Song Contest entry) but did not win. In 2004, however, she won a Christmas edition of the ITV show "Stars in Their Eyes", performing as Brenda Lee and singing "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree". She previously appeared in the show as Lisa Stansfield. She has also sung a number of times on "Heartbeat", her character Gina even won a talent contest in an episode in series 2, with her version of the Lulu hit "Shout".


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Penrose's first TV role was as WPC Emma Reid in "Brookside". In 1987 she appeared in the ‘A Ride on the Wild Side’ episode of "Boon" as Lindy Yates (1 episode, 1987), before a cast role in 1988's “Vroom.” Penrose appeared in a 1990 episode of "Medics" as the character Jean and in the same year had a part in “Dancin' Thru the Dark”


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Penrose appeared in "Emmerdale Farm" (now “Emmerdale”) in 1991 as Louise and then in 2 episodes of "Coronation Street" in 1991/92.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Penrose's appearance as Carol the Barmaid in 1993's “Terraces” was followed by her longest running role as Gina Ward in "Heartbeat" where she appeared in over 300 episodes between 1993 and the series final episode in 2010, making her the longest serving female cast member. Gina was an extremely popular character and her on/off relationship with Phil Bellamy (played by Mark Jordon) kept viewers hooked up until they got married in series 17. Gina arrived in the village of Aidensfield in episode 4 (Bitter Harvest) of series 2 in a bright red Isetta Bubble Car and in series 9 she changed the Isetta for a white VW Beetle, which she had up until the last episode in series 18. The Isetta is currently on display in Beaulieu motor museum. She is also a supporter of the annual Heartbeat car rally which is held in Goathland every year and often attends to meet and greet fans of the show, usually with co-star David Lonsdale.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: In 2011 Penrose appeared as Hayley Gosling in the critically acclaimed British legal drama, "Justice".


title: Tricia Penrose

text: In 2001, Penrose appeared on "Lily Savage's Blankety Blank". In 2007, she came second in the third series of "Comic Relief Does Fame Academy" on BBC1, beaten by Tara Palmer-Tomkinson.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: In 2008, she released an aerobics DVD. In July 2010, she was a contestant on the BBC programme "Celebrity MasterChef", but she was eliminated at the first hurdle after serving up uncooked liver.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Penrose appeared in the ITV programme "Sing If You Can" in May 2011 in order to help raise money for the Teenage Cancer Trust charity.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: In January 2013, she appeared as a housemate on "Celebrity Big Brother 11". As part of "Big Brother"'s task, she was initially chosen to enter the main luxury house instead of the basement. Penrose was evicted in a semi-final double eviction, alongside Frankie Dettori on Day 21, to the song "Heartbeat" by Enrique Iglesias.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: In September 2014, she appeared on ITV programme "Who's Doing the Dishes?", preparing a prawn cocktail starter, roast beef dinner and berry meringue, even with the "Heartbeat" clues the guests did not guess their celebrity chef.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: In 2015, she appeared in "Big Star's Little Star" with her son Freddy. On 14 April 2018, Penrose appeared on "Pointless Celebrities" along with Bill Maynard, his last television appearance before his death in that year. She made a further appearance in 2022, this time with actress Denise Black.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Penrose's mother Sue was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2010 and, through her treatment, Penrose became involved with Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, quickly becoming an Ambassador and raising funds for the charity, including recording "You Had a Dream in Your Heart" written by Professor Ray Donnelly (who founded the organisation), to mark the organisation's 25th anniversary in 2015.


title: Tricia Penrose

text: Penrose is a director of "Simply Luxury Travel", which specialises in luxury holidays, and also "Adlington Memorial Park" which is England's largest private natural burial ground in Adlington, Cheshire, (in the grounds of the historic Adlington Hall estate)


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: The 2020 Double or Nothing was the second annual Double or Nothing professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It took place during Memorial Day weekend on May 23, 2020, in Jacksonville, Florida. While the majority of the event aired live from Daily's Place, the main event match was pre-recorded from May 22–23 at the nearby TIAA Bank Field. It was the first event to feature the AEW TNT Championship. The event aired through traditional PPV outlets, as well as on B/R Live in North America and FITE TV internationally.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: The event was originally scheduled to take place at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The venue, however, canceled all events up through May 31 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. AEW moved the event to the Jacksonville Jaguars complex in Jacksonville, Florida, with most matches taking place at Daily's Place—an amphitheater adjacent to TIAA Bank Field—while the main event match took place in the stadium itself, subsequently being the first AEW event to take place in a stadium. It was also the first AEW PPV produced during the pandemic.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Nine matches were contested at the event, including one on The Buy In pre-show. In the main event, Matt Hardy and The Elite (Adam Page, Kenny Omega, Matt Jackson, and Nick Jackson) defeated The Inner Circle (Chris Jericho, Jake Hager, Sammy Guevara, Santana, and Ortiz) in a Stadium Stampede match, which was a cinematic match. In the penultimate match, Jon Moxley defeated Mr. Brodie Lee to retain the AEW World Championship. In other prominent matches, Hikaru Shida defeated Nyla Rose to win the AEW Women's World Championship, Cody defeated Lance Archer to become the inaugural TNT Champion, and in the opening bout, a debuting Brian Cage won the Casino Ladder Match. Additionally, the event featured an appearance from International Boxing Hall of Famer Mike Tyson, who presented the TNT Championship to Cody.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: After the success of the September 2018 event All In, a group known as The Elite (Cody, The Young Bucks, and Kenny Omega), the driving forces behind the event, used the positive response from All In to pursue further events with backing of businessmen Shahid Khan and Tony Khan. This resulted in the foundation of All Elite Wrestling (AEW) in January 2019, and their inaugural pay-per-view, Double or Nothing, was then held on May 25 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on the Las Vegas Strip. On February 5, 2020, AEW announced that Double or Nothing would be returning to the same venue on May 23 of that year, establishing Double or Nothing as both an annual Memorial Day weekend event, as well as their marquee event. According to the "Wrestling Observer Newsletter", Double or Nothing sold around 6,000 tickets on its first day of sale. Double or Nothing is considered as being one of AEW's "Big Four" PPVs, which includes All Out, Full Gear, and Revolution, their four biggest shows produced quarterly.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On May 22, the day before Double or Nothing, TNT aired a one-hour television special previewing the event called "Countdown to Double or Nothing", averaging 344,000 viewers.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Like all other professional wrestling promotions and sporting events in general, the event was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 8, the MGM Grand Garden Arena announced that they had canceled all events up through May 31 due to the pandemic. Nevada had been in a state of emergency since March 12, banning all public gatherings indefinitely. In response, AEW announced that Double or Nothing would still proceed as planned but from an undisclosed location (later revealed to be from Daily's Place in Jacksonville, Florida, as well as the TIAA Bank Field stadium for the main event match). The announcement also confirmed that a third Double or Nothing event would emanate from the MGM Grand Garden Arena on May 29, 2021. In addition to offering refunds, tickets purchased for 2020's show would be valid for the following year's event. However, the 2021 event, which was pushed back a day to May 30, was also moved to Daily's Place due to the ongoing pandemic with all original tickets being refunded.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: The concept of the Stadium Stampede match was brought about because of the pandemic and it was pre-recorded as a cinematic match before the event's live broadcast. AEW wrestler Chris Jericho said that filming took nearly 12 hours to complete; filming began in the evening of May 22 and concluded early morning of May 23. Jericho said it was similar to filming a movie.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Double or Nothing featured nine professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Storylines were produced on AEW's weekly television program, "Dynamite", the supplementary online streaming show, "Dark", and The Young Bucks' YouTube series "Being The Elite".


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On March 30, 2020, AEW announced a new title, the AEW TNT Championship, with the inaugural champion to be determined by an eight-man, single-elimination tournament. The tournament began on the April 8 episode of "Dynamite" with the final scheduled for Double or Nothing. In the semifinals on the April 29 episode, Cody and Lance Archer defeated Darby Allin and Dustin Rhodes, respectively, setting up the inaugural championship match. It was announced on the May 13 episode that former professional boxer Mike Tyson would present the championship to the winner.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On the May 6 episode of "Dynamite", AEW World Champion Jon Moxley defeated Frankie Kazarian in a match. Moments later, members of The Dark Order attacked Moxley, Kazarian, and the latter's stable, SoCal Uncensored (Christopher Daniels and Scorpio Sky). The Dark Order's leader, "The Exalted One" Mr. Brodie Lee then entered the ring and challenged Moxley to an AEW World Championship match, which he accepted and was scheduled for Double or Nothing.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: During the May 6 episode of "Dynamite", a nine-man ladder match titled the Casino Ladder Match was scheduled for Double or Nothing with the winner receiving a future AEW World Championship match. The rules of the match were revealed the following week. Two wrestlers begin the match and every 90 seconds, another participant enters. The winner is the one who retrieves the casino chip suspended above the ring; the match can be won before all participants have entered. Darby Allin, Colt Cabana, Orange Cassidy, Rey Fénix, Scorpio Sky, Kip Sabian, Frankie Kazarian, and Luchasaurus were confirmed for the match with the final participant to be announced during the match at Double or Nothing. After Fénix suffered an injury on the May 20 episode of "Dynamite", it was announced that Joey Janela would take his place.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On the May 13 episode of "Dynamite", Hikaru Shida, who was at the top of the rankings in the women's division, defeated Penelope Ford, Kris Statlander, and Dr. Britt Baker, D.M.D. to win a fatal four-way match, keeping her undefeated in 2020. It was then announced that Shida would challenge Nyla Rose for the AEW Women's World Championship at Double or Nothing. Backstage during Shida's interview, Rose attacked Shida with a kendo stick. It was then announced that their match would be a no disqualification and no-countout match.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: During the aforementioned women's four-way match, Dr. Britt Baker, D.M.D. attacked Kris Statlander outside the ring and applied the Lockjaw on her, which allowed Hikaru Shida to score the pin over Penelope Ford. Despite the match being over, Baker continued to apply the submission on Statlander. Afterwards, a match between Baker and Statlander was scheduled for Double or Nothing. Due to an injury Baker suffered on the May 20 episode of "Dynamite", it was announced that Ford would face Statlander instead.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On the May 20 episode of "Dynamite", Shawn Spears, annoyed by not having a match for Double or Nothing, demanded a match against Dustin Rhodes. A match between the two was set for Double or Nothing.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On The Buy In pre-show, a match was contested between Best Friends (Trent and Chuck Taylor) and Private Party (Marq Quen and Isiah Kassidy), with the winners becoming the number one contenders for the AEW World Tag Team Championship. Best Friends performed "Strong Zero" on Quen to win the match.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: The event opened with a nine-man Casino Ladder Match between Colt Cabana, Darby Allin, Joey Janela, Frankie Kazarian, Kip Sabian, Orange Cassidy, Luchasaurus, Scorpio Sky, and a mystery competitor. The rules of the match were that two wrestlers would start the match and every two minutes, a new participant would enter the ring. The objective was to retrieve a giant poker chip hanging above the ring by ascending a ladder to win the match; the match could be won before all participants had entered. Scorpio Sky and Frankie Kazarian started the match. Kip Sabian (accompanied by Penelope Ford and Jimmy Havoc) entered next. Darby Allin was the fourth entrant. Orange Cassidy was the next entrant. The sixth participant was Colt Cabana. Next, Joey Janela entered. The eighth entrant was Luchasaurus. The final participant was revealed to be Brian Cage (accompanied by Taz), making his AEW debut. Cage incapacitated everyone in the ring and later retrieved the poker chip, winning the match and earning a future AEW World Championship match.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: The second match was a singles match between MJF and Jungle Boy. MJF emerged victorious after pinning Jungle Boy with a roll-up while holding his tights, giving him extra leverage.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Next, Cody (accompanied by Arn Anderson) and Lance Archer (accompanied by Jake Roberts) competed in the tournament final to crown the inaugural AEW TNT Champion. The winner would be presented the title belt by former boxer Mike Tyson. After interference, both Anderson and Roberts were ejected by the referee. In the end, Cody performed two cutters on Archer to win the match and championship. Afterwards, Tyson handed him the championship and celebrated his victory.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Following this, Kris Statlander faced Penelope Ford. Statlander performed a "Big Bang Theory" piledriver on Ford to win.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Afterwards, Dustin Rhodes (accompanied by Brandi Rhodes) competed against Shawn Spears. Rhodes performed a "Final Reckoning" suplex on Spears for the victory.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: In the following match, Nyla Rose defended the AEW Women's World Championship against Hikaru Shida in a No Disqualification, No Countout match. Shida hit Rose with a kendo stick and then performed a running knee to win the match and championship.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: In the first of two main events, Jon Moxley defended the AEW World Championship against Mr. Brodie Lee. Late in the match, Moxley performed a "Paradigm Shift" through the stage. After they recovered, Moxley forced Lee to pass out to a chokehold, giving the win to Moxley by technical submission to retain the championship.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: The post event was a Stadium Stampede match between The Elite (Adam Page, Kenny Omega and The Young Bucks) and "Broken" Matt Hardy and The Inner Circle (Chris Jericho, Jake Hager, Sammy Guevara, Santana and Ortiz). The match was contested from TIAA Bank Field. After fighting throughout the stadium, Omega performed a "One Winged Angel" electric chair driver on Guevara from the stadium seats onto a platform below to win the match for his team.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: During the post-event media scrum, AEW president Tony Khan announced that Brian Cage, the winner of the Casino Ladder Match, would receive his AEW World Championship match against Jon Moxley at Fyter Fest, a special episode of "Dynamite".


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: On the following episode of "Dynamite", new TNT Champion Cody stated that he would be holding a weekly open challenge for the title. A battle royal was held that night to determine Cody's first challenger for the following week, which was won by Jungle Boy. Cody defeated Jungle Boy to retain the championship on the following week's episode of "Dynamite".


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Double or Nothing received generally positive reviews. Jason Powell of "Pro Wrestling Dot Net" called it a "fun empty venue show", with particular praise being given to the Stadium Stampede match. "CBSSports.com"s Brent Brookhouse stated that AEW had "delivered a show that was entertaining top-to-bottom", with the main event being "one of the wildest matches of the year". He gave the Stadium Stampede match an "A−" grade, while the AEW World Championship and AEW Women's World Championship matches both received a "B" grade, and the inaugural AEW TNT Championship match was assigned a "C" grade.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: For "Slam! Sports", a subsection of Canadian Online Explorer, Nick Tylwalk wrote that the Stadium Stampede main event took "entertainment to a new level" and rated the event an overall score 8 out of 10, with the main event match itself receiving 10 out of 10. The Moxley-Lee match was given 9 out of 10, the Rose-Shida match was designated an 8 out of 10 and the Cody-Archer match was allocated a 6 out of 10.


title: Double or Nothing (2020)

text: Justin Barrasso of "Sports Illustrated" also liked the event and described the Stadium Stampede match as "uniquely distinct" and "unlike anything ever before on display in wrestling." Barrasso also commented that it was "awfully quick" for Lance Archer to lose to Cody due to being "new to [the] company". Despite this, "even in defeat, Archer looked tremendous, presenting himself as a monster". Barrasso's other takeaways from the event were that Hikura Shida "showed off further dimensions of her wrestling ability" during "her breakout performance" against Nyla Rose and MJF-Jungle Boy was "laid out well", with praise given to both competitors' performances.


title: Vidya Sinha

text: Vidya Sinha (15 November 1947 – 15 August 2019) was an Indian actress who acted in Hindi films, most known for "Rajnigandha" (1974), "Chhoti Si Baat" (1975) and "Pati Patni Aur Woh" (1978). She started her career as a model and won the Miss Bombay title. Her first movie was "Raja Kaka" (1974) opposite Kiran Kumar. However, fame came to her through the low-budget break-away hit "Rajnigandha" (1974), directed by her mentor Basu Chatterjee. She acted in several films after which she took a hiatus. Returning to acting in the later part of her life, she acted in several TV serials and the Salman Khan movie "Bodyguard" (2011).


title: Vidya Sinha

text: Vidya Sinha was born on 15 November 1947 in Mumbai. Her father Pratap A. Rana (film name), also known as Rana Pratap Singh, was an Indian film producer, son-in-law of film director Mohan Sinha.


title: Vidya Sinha

text: At the age of 18, she participated in a beauty contest where she was crowned Miss Bombay. After that she began modelling for several popular brands and was discovered by Basu Chatterjee. Her first movie was "Raja Kaka" (1974) opposite Kiran Kumar. However, fame came to her through the low-budget break-away hit "Rajnigandha" (1974), directed by Chatterjee. The movie, with none of the trappings of a typical blockbuster, was a major box office success. This was followed by another hit, "Chhoti Si Baat" (1975), paving the way for starring in mainstream productions with bigger budgets – "Karm" (1977) with Rajesh Khanna and Shabana Azmi, "Mukti" (1977) with Sanjeev Kumar and Shashi Kapoor, "Inkaar" (1977) with Vinod Khanna, "Pati Patni Aur Woh" (1978) with Sanjeev Kumar and Ranjeeta Kaur, Gulzar's "Kitaab" (1977) and "Meera" (1979). Vidya acted in 30 movies over a period of 10 years. In the Raj Sippy directed "Josh" (1981), she played her only negative role; that of a gangster stealing coins from beggars. The same year she played Vijeta Pandit's mother in the romantic film "Love Story", starring opposite Rajendra Kumar and Danny.


title: Vidya Sinha

text: After some years in Australia, Vidya returned to India and started acting in television serials. Salman Khan's "Bodyguard" (2011), her film after 25 years, was also her last film.


title: Vidya Sinha

text: Vidya Sinha acted in TV serials like "Bahu Rani" (2000), "Hum Do Hain Na", "Bhabhi" and "Kkavyanjali" (2004). In 2011 she appeared in the NDTV Imagine serial "Haar Jeet". She enacted the role of Asad's and Ayaan's grandmother, Badi Bi in the Zee TV show, "Qubool Hai". She was also seen as Neha's grandmother in "Itti Si Khushi"., as Chandragupt's grandmother in "Chandra Nandini" and as Kulfi's grandmother in "Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala".


title: Vidya Sinha

text: Sinha married her neighbor, a Tamil Brahmin named Venkateshwaran Iyer, in 1968 and adopted a daughter, Jhanvi, in 1989. The next few years were spent in taking care of Jhanvi and her ailing husband, who eventually died in 1996. She then moved to Sydney, met the elderly Australian doctor, Netaji Bhimrao Salunke, online in 2001, and married him after a quick courtship, in a small temple wedding. On 9 January 2009, she filed a complaint with the police accusing Salunkhe of physical and mental torture. They were divorced soon afterwards, and after a protracted battle, she won her case against him for maintenance.


title: Vidya Sinha

text: On 15 August 2019, Sinha died at a hospital in Mumbai of respiratory failure caused by heart and lung disease at the age of 71. She had been admitted to the hospital on 11 August for breathing problems and subsequently put on a ventilator.


title: Tools of Titans

text: Tools of Titans: The Tactics, Routines, and Habits of Billionaires, Icons, and World-Class Performers (2016) is a self-help book by Timothy Ferriss, an American writer, educational activist, and entrepreneur. He interviewed more than 100 "world class performers" in diverse fields on their advice for success. The book debuted as a #1 "New York Times" bestseller.


title: Wallace Line

text: The Wallace Line or Wallace's Line is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace and named by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley that separates the biogeographical realms of Asia and Wallacea, a transitional zone between Asia and Australia. West of the line are found organisms related to Asiatic species; to the east, a mixture of species of Asian and Australian origin is present. Wallace noticed this clear division during his travels through the East Indies in the 19th century.


title: Wallace Line

text: The line runs through Indonesia, between Borneo and Sulawesi (Celebes), and through the Lombok Strait between Bali and Lombok. The distance between Bali and Lombok is small, about . The distributions of many bird species observe the line, since many birds do not cross even the shortest stretches of open ocean water. Some bats have distributions that cross the line, but larger terrestrial mammals are generally limited to one side or the other; exceptions include macaques, pigs and tarsiers on Sulawesi. Other groups of plants and animals show differing patterns, but the overall pattern is striking and reasonably consistent. Flora do not follow the Wallace Line to the same extent as fauna. One genus of plants that does not cross the Line is the Australasian genus "Eucalyptus", except for one species, "Eucalyptus deglupta", which naturally occurs on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.


title: Wallace Line

text: The Venetian explorer Antonio Pigafetta had recorded the biological contrasts between the Philippines and the Maluku Islands (Spice Islands) (on opposite sides of the line) in 1521 during the continuation of the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, after Magellan had been killed on Mactan. Moreover, as noted by Wallace himself, the observations in faunal differences between the two regions had already been made earlier by English navigator George Windsor Earl published in 1845. In Wallace's 1863 paper "On the Physical Geography of South-Eastern Asia and Australia", he described how shallow seas connected islands on the west (Sumatra, Java, etc.) with the Asian continent and with similar wildlife, and islands on the east such as New Guinea were connected to Australia and were characterised by the presence of marsupials. Wallace used his extensive travel in the region to propose a line to the east of Bali since "all the islands eastward of Borneo and Java formed part of an Australian or Pacific Continent, from which they were separated." The name 'Wallace's Line' was first used by Thomas Huxley in an 1868 paper to the Zoological Society of London, but showed the line to the west of the Philippines. Wallace's studies in Indonesia demonstrated the emerging theory of evolution, at about the same time as Joseph Dalton Hooker and Asa Gray published essays also supporting Darwin's hypothesis.


title: Wallace Line

text: Understanding of the biogeography of the region centers on the relationship of ancient sea levels to the continental shelves. Wallace's Line is visible geographically when the continental shelf contours are examined; it can be seen as a deep-water channel that marks the southeastern edge of the Sunda Shelf which links Borneo, Bali, Java, and Sumatra underwater to the mainland of southeastern Asia. Australia is likewise connected by the Sahul Shelf to New Guinea. The biogeographic boundary known as Lydekker's Line, which separates the eastern edge of Wallacea from the Australian region, has a similar origin to the Wallace line.


title: Wallace Line

text: During ice age glacial advances, when the , both Asia and Australia were united with what are now islands on their respective continental shelves as continuous land masses, but the deep water between those two large continental shelf areas was, for over 50 million years, a barrier that kept the flora and fauna of Australia separated from those of Asia. Wallacea consists of islands that were not recently connected by dry land to either of the continental land masses, and thus were populated by organisms capable of crossing the straits between islands. "Weber's Line" runs through this transitional area (to the east of centre), at the tipping point between dominance by species of Asian against those of Australian origin.


title: Wallace Line

text: It can reasonably be concluded it was an ocean barrier preventing species migration because the physical aspects of the separated islands are very similar. Species found only on the Asian side include tigers and rhinoceroses, while marsupials and monotremes are only found on the eastern side of the Line.


title: Clara Galle

text: Clara Huete Sánchez (born 15 April 2002), also known as Clara Galle, is a Spanish actress and model. She is best known for her lead role as Raquel in "Through My Window" (2022)..


title: Clara Galle

text: Clara Huete Sánchez was born in Pamplona. From an early age Galle showed interest in acting where she studied performing at Plaza de la Cruz Institute.


title: Clara Galle

text: Galle debuts as Raquel Mendoza as the main female lead of "Through My Window" in 2022. The same year, Galle starred in as Eva Merino.


title: Kawasaki Ninja 650R

text: The Kawasaki Ninja 650R, also called ER-6f or EХ-6, is a motorcycle in the Ninja series from the Japanese manufacturer Kawasaki sold since 2006. The 2012 model drops the R suffix from its name. It is a middleweight, parallel-twin engined motorcycle, designed for normal use on paved roads. They have modern styling and features, with low-seating ergonomics and a low center of gravity. The engine has a 180° crankshaft, resulting in an uneven firing interval of 0° and 540°.


title: Kawasaki Ninja 650R

text: The 650R and its naked sibling, the ER-6n, were introduced in 2006. The naked ER-6n was not sold in North America until the 2009 model year. The motorcycle fits above the Ninja 250R and Ninja 500R models, which already existed in Kawasaki's sportbike lineup, which includes the Ninja ZX models. For 2009, Kawasaki released an updated Ninja 650R which includes new bodywork, mirrors, gauges, lighting, and a new tune on the same engine. Along with chassis and minor tweaks, an all-new bodywork design was introduced to the 2012 Ninja 650 and ER-6n along with a new 2-piece seat assembly, 20mm wider handlebars, and a new tachometer above an LCD display that shows speed, trip meters, fuel consumption, etc. The new Ninja 650 also comes equipped with an Economical Riding Indicator which activates when the bike is consuming low amounts of fuel. For 2017 Kawasaki has updated the Ninja 650 with a new frame trellis style adding to the new lighter weight and better handling. With new sharper styling it has done away with the distinctive side mount rear shock for a more conventional one, it has also added a slipper clutch.


title: Kawasaki Ninja 650R

text: In Europe the Ninja 650R is sold as the ER-6f ("f" denoting faired), the "naked" roadster version is sold as the ER-6n. In 2009, Kawasaki introduced the ER-6n in the USA. The ER-6f differs slightly from the Ninja 650R, as it features the passenger handlebars as standard (as does the ER-6n). In addition, the option of ABS brakes was made available for both the ER-6n and ER-6f. There is also a derivative of the ER-6 called the Versys which utilizes many of the same components.


title: Kawasaki Ninja 650R

text: In many European countries the 6n naked version has proven more popular than the ER-6f; however in other countries, such as Australia and India, the faired Ninja 650R has proven to be more popular than the un-faired ER-6n, becoming the most popular 'sports-tourer' in the Kawasaki lineup. Production has stopped for the ER-6n model since 2018, it has been replaced by the Z650 series.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: Manavati Bai, also spelled Manvati Bai, (13 May 1573 – 8 April 1619), better known by her title, Jagat Gosain (), was the second wife and the empress consort of the fourth Mughal emperor Jahangir and the mother of his successor, Shah Jahan.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: She is also known as Mani Bai, Manmati, Jodh Bai (), Taj Bibi () and was also given the posthumous title of Bilqis Makani (). She was also wrongly referred to as Balmati Begum by Manrique. She should not be confused with her mother-in-law, Mariam-uz-Zamani, who was erroneously called as "Jodha Bai" by European historians since any daughter belonging to the Jodhpur region could be called Jodha Bai or daughter of Jodhpur region.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: By birth, she was a Rajput princess of Marwar (present-day Jodhpur) and was the daughter of Raja Udai Singh (popularly known as "Mota Raja"), the Rathore ruler of Marwar and the full-sister of Sawai Raja Sur Singh, another Rathore ruler of Marwar and Maharaja Kishan Singh, founder of Kishangarh.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: Born on 13 May 1573 as Manavati Bai, she was known popularly as "Jodh Bai" (the Jodhpur Princess). She belonged to the Rathore clan of Rajputs and was the daughter of Raja Udai Singh, the ruler of Marwar (present-day Jodhpur). Udai Singh was popularly known by the sobriquet "Mota Raja" (the fat king). Her mother was Rajavat Kachvahi Manrang Devi, the principal consort of her father and daughter of Raja Askaran of Narwar (d.1599), who was also briefly Raja of Amber before being ousted in favor of his uncle, Bharmal.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: Her paternal grandfather was Maldeo Rathore, under whose rule Marwar turned into a strong Rajput Kingdom that resisted foreign rule and challenged the invaders for northern supremacy. Maldeo Rathore refused to ally with either the Sur Empire or the Mughal Empire after Humayun regained control of North India in 1555. This policy was continued by his son and successor, Chandrasen Rathore.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: After the death of Maldeo Rathore in 1562, a fratricidal war for succession started and Chandrasen crowned himself in the capital, Jodhpur. But his reign was short-lived as Emperor Akbar's army occupied Merta in the same year and the capital Jodhpur in 1563.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: After the death of Rao Chandrasen in January 1581, Marwar was brought under direct Mughal administration. In August 1583, Akbar restored the throne of Marwar to Udai Singh, who, unlike his predecessors, submitted to the Mughals and subsequently joined the Mughal service.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: According to Muni Lal, the young Jagat Gosain is said to have caught the eye of Prince Salim when he was attending a function with his mother and other senior ladies of the harem. He is said to have immediately proposed marriage. The Emperor was reluctant to give his consent but only agreed upon the intercession of Hamida Banu. She married the 16-year-old Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' upon his accession) on 11 January 1586. The marriage settlement was fixed at seventy-five lakhs tankas. Akbar, himself, accompanied by the ladies of the harem, went to the Raja's house where the marriage was solemnized. The marriage ceremony was a lavish one featuring both Hindu fire ceremonies, in presence of Priest chanting Sanskrit verses, as well as Muslim proprieties in presence of Qadi and an array of military and civilian dignitaries.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: According to "Murārdān", her paternal cousin, Rana Kalyan Das Rathore took offense at this marriage and was angry at Mota Raja and had remarked –


title: Jagat Gosain

text: When the Mota Raja heard this remark, he informed Akbar who ordered him to kill Kalyan Das. Kalyan Das fled the Imperial Camp to Siwana. Udai Singh sent two of his sons, Bhopat and Jaisingh to Siwana. But the fort and opponent proved too strong for them and they were forced to flee back. In the face of this defeat, Mota Raja received permission from Akbar to leave the imperial camp. After his return to Marwar, he led a force against Siwana himself. Kalyan Das, realizing defeat is imminent, had his wives perform Jauhar and himself led his men to die fighting. After this victory, Siwana was handed over to Mota Raja.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: She was granted the title "Jagat Gosain" on account of her ability and learning. This marriage served very well cause for the house of Marwar. Marwar's alliance with Mughal would have broken down due to religious strain estrangement had Jahangir and Shah Jahan not been bound by blood ties. After this marriage, Udai Singh and brothers and nephews of Jodh bai succeeded in gaining the confidence of their contemporary rules and were recipients of Royal favors.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: Although the marriage was a political one, Jagat was known not only for her beauty, charm, and soft voice but for her wit, courage, and spontaneity of response - all of which greatly endeared her to her husband during the early years of their marriage. She is believed to have been a good singer and well versed in music. After her marriage, she was placed under a group of expert musicians for proper training.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: In 1590, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, named Begum Sultan, who died at the age of one. On 5 January 1592, she gave birth to Salim's third son, who was named 'Khurram' ("joyous") by his grandfather, Emperor Akbar. The prince, who was to become the future emperor Shah Jahan,


title: Jagat Gosain

text: Her son Khurram, considered to be auspicious as per his astrological signs was insisted by Akbar to be raised under his care in his palace than Salim's palace and therefore was raised in Akbar's palace. He was placed under the care of his first wife Ruqaiya Begum who resided in Akbar's harem and she is stated to have raised Khurram affectionately.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: After Akbar died in 1605, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, returned to the supervision of his mother, whom he cared for and loved immensely. He had become devoted to her and designated her "Hazrat" in his court chronicles.In the intervening years, Jagat had given birth to her third (and last) child in 1597, a daughter, Luzzat-un-Nissa, who died in infancy.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: According to Findly, Jagat Gosain seems to have lost her husband's favor quite early on in their marriage, whereas according to S. S. Gupta, she was the favorite wife of Jahangir till the arrival of her arch-rival in the imperial harem, Nur Jahaṇ, of whom Jagat was scornful. Jahangir had married her in 1611 and from the time of their marriage until his death, Nur Jahan was indisputably his favorite wife. Even before his marriage with Nur Jahan, Jahangir's chief consort and Padshah Begum was his wife, Saliha Banu Begum, who held this position from the time of their marriage till her death in 1620, after which this honorable title was passed on to Nur Jahan.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: The Jahangiri Mahal at Agra Fort used to be the residence of Jagat Gosain, as chosen by Jahangir. The West side of the quadrangle, surrounded by oblong niches with portraits of Hindu deity, was her temple.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: The Kanch Mahal, sometimes called Jodh Bai's Mahal, located at Sikandra, is said to have been built by Jahangir for Jagat Gosain. Also the area called 'Taj Ganj' in Agra is said to be named in her honor.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: She is also said to have founded a village named Sohagpura, which is wholly dedicated to the manufacturing of glass bangles.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: In 1619, during her stay at Fatehpur Sikri, Jagat Gosain became ill and the treatment she received had no effect. Finally, she died on 9 April 1619 at Akbarabad (present-day Agra). Jahangir noted the death:


title: Jagat Gosain

text: According to Muni Lal, Shah Jahan was so indulged in grief on the death of his mother that he, ""For twenty-one days he attended no public entertainment and subsisted on simple vegetarian meals ." " and Arjumand Banu ""personally supervised the distribution of food to the poor during the three - week mourning period and led the recitation of the Holy Quran every morning"" and ""gave her husband many a lesson on the substance of life and death, and begged him not to grieve"".


title: Jagat Gosain

text: After her death, Jahangir ordered that she be called Bilqis Makani ("the Lady of Pure Abode") in all of the official documents. Her death, along with the retirement of Mariam-uz-Zamani, led to the decline of Rajput influence on the Mughal court.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: She was buried in Dehra Bagh near Noor Manzil (present-day Arjun Nagar, Agra) as per her wishes. Her tomb was a square building of 78 feet on all sides and consisted of a high dome, gateways, towers and a garden situated in the cantonment area. It had a large vaulted underground chamber, into which four inclined passages descended. A marble cenotaph is believed to have existed below. Her tomb stood on two platforms, one higher than the other. The first platform extended 38 feet from the tomb and the second about 44 feet from the first. On the east side, 670 feet away was a grand gate and on the west side, 657 feet away stood a Masjid. Between the tomb and the gateway and the tomb and Masjid were two raised platforms, one on each side of 42 feet square. All of this was blown up in 1832 with gunpowder, for the sake of its site and material, stone and brick, which the British needed.


title: Jagat Gosain

text: In 1921, a chhatri was constructed marking the site of her tomb using a design made in the Archeological Superintendent Office. The Chhatri is built exactly on the site of the original crypt chamber. The construction of the Chhatri was funded by the Maharajadhiraja of Burdwan and cost about Rs 200(in 1921). The Chhatri is known as " 'Chhatri making the site of the Empress Jodhbai's Tomb'" or simply '"Jodhbai Ki Chhatri"'.


title: Jamie Lever

text: Jamie Lever is an Indian actress and comedian who works in Hindi films and television. She is the daughter of comedian Johnny Lever.


title: Jamie Lever

text: Lever is the daughter of the comedian Johnny Lever (John Prakash Rao Janumala) and Sujata Janumala. She has a younger brother, Jesse. Lever received her Master of Marketing Communications degree from University of Westminster, London.


title: Jamie Lever

text: Lever began her career in August 2012 as a marketing executive at the London-based market research agency Visiongain. She has performed at The Comedy Store, Mumbai from 2012 as a stand-up comedienne. She performed on "Comedy Circus Ke Mahabali" on Sony Entertainment Television in 2013. Lever has also hosted various shows.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: Superstar is a 1999 American comedy film and a "Saturday Night Live" spin-off about a quirky, socially inept girl named Mary Katherine Gallagher. The character was created by "SNL" star Molly Shannon and appeared as a recurring character on "SNL" in numerous skits. The story follows Mary Katherine trying to find her place in her Roman Catholic private school. The movie is directed by former "Kids in the Hall" member Bruce McCulloch. It stars Molly Shannon, Will Ferrell, Harland Williams, and Elaine Hendrix. "SNL" and "Kids in the Hall" alum Mark McKinney, who appeared in many of the Mary Katherine Gallagher "SNL" skits on TV, also has a minor role as a priest. Molly Shannon received a nomination for Blockbuster Entertainment Award "Favorite Actress - Comedy" but lost out to Heather Graham in "".


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: As a child, Mary Katherine Gallagher rescues a boy with a distinctive birthmark at the public pool. An orphan, she lives with her grandmother, and becomes obsessed with achieving “superstardom” and having her first kiss.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: At St. Monica’s Catholic high school, Mary dreams of kissing Sky Corrigan, the most popular boy in school, but her awkwardness brands her a social outcast. Caught kissing a tree, she is placed in special education, where she befriends Helen Lewengrub, and new “bad boy” student Eric Slater takes an interest in her.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: A school talent show is announced with the chance to win a trip to Hollywood and be a movie extra. Mary’s grandmother forbids her from participating, but Helen urges her to audition anyway, as does a vision of Jesus. When she tries to sign up, Mary finds herself in an altercation with head cheerleader Evian Graham, Sky’s girlfriend. Mary’s grandmother reveals the true reason she will not let Mary perform – Mary’s parents were stomped to death during an Irish stepdance competition.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: Having witnessed the fight with Mary, Sky breaks up with Evian, who swears revenge on Mary. Auditioning for the talent show, Mary performs an impassioned rendition of “Sometimes When We Touch”. Evian dumps a bucket of paint on her, inspired by "Carrie"; humiliated, Mary flees the school with Slater. He brings her to the pool, revealing that he was the boy she saved years ago, and they bond during an impromptu swim. Returning home, Mary finds her grandmother has been informed that Mary earned a place in the talent show. Finally allowing her to perform, Mary's grandmother coaches her and a chorus line of her special education classmates.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: As the talent show begins, Evian apologizes to Mary, revealing she and Sky will be dancing together. Mary resolves to perform not to impress Sky, but for herself. In a last-minute confession, Mary relinquishes her dream of becoming a star, instead asking to survive the performance for her grandmother’s sake. Mary and her friends perform to “Out Here on My Own” as Slater, summoned by another vision of Jesus, arrives just in time to watch. The record player inadvertently speeds up, and Mary falls – echoing her parents’ fatal performance – but, encouraged by Jesus, she successfully leads her friends through their performance.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: Met with a standing ovation, Mary wins the talent show. Sky kisses her, but she rejects him, and kisses Slater. The film ends as Mary, now dating Slater, again kisses the tree.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: "Superstar" received negative reviews from film critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 32% based on reviews from 74 critics, with the consensus: "Dumb script and flat jokes made this another "SNL" misfire." On Metacritic the film has a score of 42% based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "C+" on scale of A to F.


title: Superstar (1999 film)

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" rated the film one star out of four, writing: "Here is a portrait of a character so sad and hapless, so hard to like, so impossible to empathize with, that watching it feels like an act of unkindness." He furthermore described Shannon's character as "hostile" and "not very nice", stating that "She's one of those people who inspires in you the inexplicable desire to be hurtful and cruel". James Berardinelli of "ReelViews", who gave the film two out of four stars, said that "Molly Shannon is a likable, energetic performer" and some of the jokes were "actually funny", but there would still not be "enough here to justify a feature-length movie". He also felt the film's attempts "at developing Mary into something more than a two-dimensional caricature" were pointless since "the script doesn't show any respect for her". Dennis Harvey of "Variety" magazine gave a positive review, calling the film a "pleasant surprise" as he expected only mediocrity from another "Saturday Night Live" adaptation. He said it is "amusing" but "uneven", suggesting it might build good word of mouth and do well but would be unlikely to reach the commercial success of "Wayne's World".


title: Clip art

text: Clip art (also clipart, clip-art) is a type of graphic art. Pieces are pre-made images used to illustrate any medium. Today, clip art is used extensively and comes in many forms, both electronic and printed. However, most clip art today is created, distributed, and used in a digital form. Since its inception, clip art has evolved to include a wide variety of content, file formats, illustration styles, and licensing restrictions. It is generally composed exclusively of illustrations (created by hand or by computer software), and does not include stock photography.


title: Clip art

text: The term "clipart" originated through the practice of physically cutting images from pre-existing printed works for use in other publishing projects. Before the advent of computers in desktop publishing, clip art was used through a process called paste up. Many clip art images of this era qualified as line art. In this process, the clip art images are cut out by hand, then attached via adhesives to a board representing a scale size of the finished, printed work. After the addition of text and art created through phototypesetting, the finished, camera-ready pages are called mechanicals. Since the 1990s, nearly all publishers have replaced the paste up process with desktop publishing. After the introduction of mass-produced personal computers such as the IBM PC in 1981 and the Apple Macintosh in 1984, the widespread use of clip art by consumers became possible through the invention of desktop publishing. For the IBM PC, the first library of professionally drawn clip art was provided with VCN ExecuVision, introduced in 1983. These images were used in business presentations, as well as for other types of presentations. It was the Apple Computer, with its GUI which provided desktop publishing with the tools required to make it a reality for consumers. The LaserWriter laser printer (introduced in late 1985), as well as software maker Aldus PageMaker in 1985, helped to make professional quality desktop publishing a reality, with consumer desktop computers.


title: Clip art

text: After 1986, desktop publishing generated a widespread need for pre-made, electronic images as consumers began to produce newsletters and brochures using their own computers. Electronic clip art emerged to fill the need. Early electronic clip art was simple line art or bitmap images due to the lack of sophisticated electronic illustration tools. With the introduction of the Apple Macintosh program MacPaint, consumers were provided the ability to edit and use bit-mapped clip art for the first time. One of the first successful electronic clip art pioneers was T/Maker Company, a Mountain View, California, company, which had its early roots with an alternative word processor WriteNow, commissioned for the Macintosh by Steve Jobs. Beginning in 1984, T/Maker took advantage of the capability of the Macintosh to provide bit-mapped graphics in black and white; by publishing small, retail collections of these images under the brand name "ClickArt". The first version of "ClickArt" was a mixed collection of images designed for personal use. The illustrators who created the first "serious" clip art for business/organizational (professional) use were Mike Mathis, Joan Shogren, and Dennis Fregger; published by T/Maker in 1984 as "ClickArt Publications".


title: Clip art

text: In 1986, the first vector-based clip art disc was released by Composite, a small desktop publishing company based in Eureka, California. The black-and-white art was painstakingly created by Rick Siegfried with MacDraw, sometimes using hundreds of simple objects combined to create complex images. It was released on a single-sided floppy disc. Also in 1986, Adobe Systems introduced Adobe Illustrator for the Macintosh, allowing home computer users the first opportunity to manipulate vector art in a GUI. This made the higher-resolution vector art possible and in 1987 T/Maker published the first vector-based clip art images made with Illustrator, despite widespread unfamiliarity with the bezier curves required to edit vector art. However, graphic designers and many consumers quickly realized the enormous advantages of vector art, and T/Maker's clip art became the gold standard of the industry in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1994, T/Maker was sold to Deluxe Corp and then two years later to its main rival, Broderbund.


title: Clip art

text: With the widespread adoption of the CD-ROM in the early 1990s, several pre-computer clip art companies such as Dover Publications also began offering electronic clip art.


title: Clip art

text: The mid-1990s ushered in more innovation in the clip art industry, as well as a marketing focus on quantity over quality. Even T/Maker, whose success was built upon selling small, high-quality clip art packages of approximately 200 images, began to get interested in the volume clip art market. In March 1995, T/Maker became the exclusive publisher of over 500,000 copyright-free images which was, at the time, one of the world's largest clip art libraries. This licensing agreement was subsequently transferred to Broderbund. In 1996, Zedcor (later rebranded to ArtToday, Inc. and then Clipart.com) was the first company to offer clip art images, illustrations, and photos for download as part of an online subscription. Also during this period, word processing companies, including Microsoft, began offering clip art as a built-in feature of their products. In 1996, Microsoft Word 6.0 included only 82 WMF clip art files as part of its default installation. In 2014, Microsoft offered clip art as part of over 140,000 media elements on the Microsoft Office website.


title: Clip art

text: Other companies such as Nova Development and Clip Art Incorporated also pioneered the marketing of large clip art collections in the late 1990s, including Nova's "Art Explosion" series, which sold clip art in increasingly large libraries up to a million images. Between 1998 and 2001, T/Maker's clip art assets were sold each year as a result of some of the largest mergers and acquisitions in the computer software industry, including those of The Learning Company (in 1998) and Mattel (in 1999). All of T/Maker's clip art is currently marketed through the Broderbund division of the Irish company Riverdeep.


title: Clip art

text: In the early 2000s, the World Wide Web continued to gain popularity as a retail software distribution channel, and several other companies started to license clip art through online, searchable libraries, including iCLIPART.com (part of Vital Imagery Ltd.), WeddingClipart.com (part of Letters and Arts Incorporated), and GraphicsFactory.com (part of Clip Art Incorporated). Because of the Web, clip art is now not only sold through retail channels as packaged bundles of images, but also as individual images and subscriptions to entire libraries (which allow you to download an unlimited number of images for the duration of the subscription). In the mid-2000s, the clip art market is segmented in several different ways, including the data type, the art style, the delivery medium, and the marketing method.


title: Clip art

text: On December 1, 2014, Microsoft officially ended its support for the online Clip Art library in Microsoft Office products. These programs now guide users to the Bing image search. Clip art is divided into two different data types represented by many different file formats: bitmap and vector art. Clip art vendors may provide images of just one type or both. The delivery medium of a clip art product varies from different types of traditionally boxed retail packages to online download sites. Clip art is sold via both traditional and web-based retail channels (as with Nova Development products), as well as via online, searchable libraries (as with Clipart.com). Clip art vendors typically market clip art by focusing either on quantity or vertical market specialty. The marketing method often goes hand in hand with the art style of the clip art sold. To compete largely on quantity, some clip art vendors must produce or license new and old clip art collections in volume. Clip art marketed in this way is often less expensive but simpler in structure and detail, as is typified by cartoons, line art, and symbols. Clip art which is sold according to smaller, specialized subject genres tends to be more complex, modern, detailed, and expensive.


title: Clip art

text: Electronic clip art is available in several different file formats. It is important for clip art users to understand the differences between file formats so that they can use an appropriate image file and get the resolution and detail results they need.


title: Clip art

text: Clip art file formats are divided into 2 different types: bitmap or vector graphics. Bitmap (or "rasterized") file formats are used to describe rectangular images made up of a grid of colored or grayscale pixels. Scanned photos, for example, make use of a bitmap file format. Bitmap images are always limited in quality by their resolution, which must be fixed at the time the file is created. If the image is not rectangular, then it is saved on a default background color (usually white) defined by the smallest bounding rectangle in which the image fits. Because of their fixed resolution, printing bitmap images can easily produce grainy, jaggy, or blurry results if the resolution is not ideally suited to the printer resolution. In addition, bitmap images become grainy when they are scaled larger than their intended resolution. A few bitmap file formats (such as Apple's PICT format) support alpha channels, which allow bitmap images to have transparent backgrounds or an image selection which uses antialiasing. Most common web-based file formats such as GIF, JPEG, and PNG are bitmap file formats. The GIF File format is one of the simplest, low-resolution bitmap file formats, only supporting 256 colors per image. As a result, however, GIF files can be extremely small in file size. Other common bitmap file formats are BMP (Windows bitmap), TGA, and TIFF. Most clip art is provided in a low resolution, bitmap file format which is unsuitable for scaling, transparent backgrounds, or good-quality printed materials. However, bitmap file formats are ideal for photos, especially when combined with lossy data compression algorithms such as those available for JPEG files.


title: Clip art

text: In contrast to the grid format of bitmap images, Vector graphics file formats use geometric modeling to describe an image as a series of points, lines, curves, and polygons. Because the image is described using geometric data instead of fixed pixels, the image can be scaled to any size while retaining "resolution independence", meaning that the image can be printed at the highest resolution a printer supports, resulting in a clear, crisp image. Vector file formats are usually superior in resolution and ease of editing as compared to bitmap file formats, but are not as widely supported by software and are not well-suited for storing pixel-specific data such as scanned photographs. In the early years of electronic clip art, vector illustrations were limited to simple line art representations. However, by the early 2000s, vector illustration tools could produce virtually the same illustrations as bitmap illustration tools, while still providing all of the advantages of vector file formats. The most common vector file format is Adobe's EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) file format. Microsoft has a much simpler, less sophisticated vector file format called WMF (Windows Metafile). The World Wide Web Consortium has developed a new, XML-based vector file format called SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) and all major modern web browsers - including Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer 9, Google Chrome, Opera, and Safari have at least some degree of support for SVG and can render the markup directly. For those with image-editing experience or interest to work with vector file formats, vector clip art provides the most flexible, highest quality images.


title: Clip art

text: All clip art usage is governed by the terms of individual copyrights and usage rights. The copyright and usage rights of a clip art image are important to understand so that the image is used in a legal, permitted way. The three most common categories of image rights are royalty free, rights managed, and public domain.


title: Clip art

text: Most commercial clip art is sold with a limited royalty free license which allows customers to use the image for most personal, educational and non-profit applications. Some royalty free clip art also includes limited commercial rights (the right to use images in for-profit products). However, royalty free image rights often vary from vendor to vendor. Some fine art, clip art is still sold on a rights managed basis. However this type of image rights have seen a steep decline in the past 20 years as royalty free licenses have become the preferred model for clip art. Public domain images continue to be one of the most popular types of clip art because the image rights are free. However, many images are erroneously described as part of the public domain are actually copyrighted, and thus illegal to use without proper permissions. The main cause for this confusion is because once a public domain image is redrawn or edited in any way, it becomes a brand new image which is copyrightable by the editor.


title: Clip art

text: The United States District Court ruled in 1999 as part of Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp that exact copies of public domain images were not restricted under US copyright law, however the scope of this ruling only applies to photographs currently. It is "originality,"not skill, neither experience nor effort, which affects copyrightability of derivative images. In fact, the US Supreme Court in Feist v. Rural ruled that the difficulty of labor and expenses must be rejected as considerations in copyrightability. Copyright on other clipart stands in contrast to exact replica photographs of paintings. The large clip art libraries produced by Dover Publications or the University of South Florida's Clipart ETC project are based on public domain images, but because they have been scanned and edited by hand, they are now derivative works and copyrighted, subject to very specific usage policies. In order for a clip art image based on a public domain source to be truly in the public domain, the proper rights must be granted by the individual or organization which digitized and edited the original source of the image.


title: Clip art

text: The popularity of the Web has facilitated widespread copying of pirated clip art which is then sold or given away as "free clip art". Virtually all images published after January 1, 1923 still have copyright protection under the laws of most countries. Images published prior to 1923 need to be carefully researched to make sure they are in the public domain. Creative Commons licenses is the forefront of the copyleft movement or a new form of free digital clipart and photo image distribution. Many websites such as Flickr and Interartcenter use Creative Commons as an alternative to the full attribution copyrights. The exception for clip art illustrations created after 1923 are those which are specifically donated to the public domain by the artist or publisher. For vector art, the open source community established Openclipart in 2004 as a clearinghouse for images which are legitimately donated to the public domain by their copyright owners. By 2014, the library contained over 50,000 vector images.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Needful Things is a 1993 American horror film based on Stephen King's 1991 novel of the same name. The film was directed by Fraser C. Heston (Charlton Heston's son; this is his only film without his father in the cast), and stars Ed Harris, Max von Sydow, Bonnie Bedelia, and J. T. Walsh.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: A mysterious proprietor named Leland Gaunt, claiming to be from Akron, Ohio, arrives in the small town of Castle Rock, Maine in a sinister-looking black car and opens a new antique store called "Needful Things". The store sells various items of great personal worth to the residents (some of which, like a pendant that eases pain or a toy which predicts the outcome of horse races, are clearly supernatural). Gaunt demands payment both in cash and in small "favors", usually pranks played by his customers on their neighbors. Gaunt's first customer is a boy named Brian Rusk who buys a rare baseball card featuring Mickey Mantle in exchange for 95 cents and a prank on his neighbor Wilma Wadlowski Jerzyck.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Gaunt makes an impression on the town's people, on whom he pulls pranks. One victim of a prank is a corrupt boat salesman and gambler named Danforth Keeton who embezzled $20,000 of the town people's tax money to pay off his gambling debts. Keeton finds out from Sheriff Alan Pangborn that people are on to him and in turn, he relays his fears to Gaunt and his hatred of those who refer to him as 'Buster' Keeton. To help Keeton with his problems, Gaunt sells him a toy race-horse that predicts the outcome of any horse race from which he might recoup the $20,000 and replace the money before the townsfolk find out officially. Gaunt sells Frank Jewett a first edition of "Treasure Island" by Robert Louis Stevenson. He also learns of the rivalry between the Catholic priest, Father Meehan and Baptist minister, Reverend Willie Rose when he sells to both of them objects from his shop.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: The first hint of Gaunt's true nature is when he has Brian throw muck from the turkey farm onto the newly laundered crisp white sheets hanging on the washing-lines at the house of Wilma Jerzyck. On returning home, Wilma assumes the devastation was caused by her long-time enemy Nettie Cobb. She goes and loudly accuses her of this at Nettie's workplace, the Castle Rock diner. Brian Rusk meets Gaunt at the Lighthouse where he informs Brian he has not fully repaid his debt and expects payment in full right away. Brian returns to Wilma Jerzyck's house and throws apples at her house to smash all the windows. Nettie Cobb has 'bought' a Hummel figurine from Gaunt that is identical to one her violent ex-husband had smashed in a fit of rage. In return she goes to Dan Keeton's house and places citation notices, allegedly from Deputy Sheriff Norris Ridgewick, all around the interior, accusing him of all his misdemeanors. In the meantime, Gaunt has Hugh Priest kill Nettie's dog, in return for a 1950s jacket like he wore at college. This sparks a violent fight between Nettie and Wilma, which gets them both killed.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Gaunt takes a personal measure towards Alan by giving a necklace to his fiancée Polly Chalmers that cures her crippling arthritis. Gaunt tells Polly for it to work she must never take it off. Keeton is found by Gaunt cowering in his shop with a gun. He tells Gaunt that he is thinking of killing Norris Ridgewick to stop him telling everyone about his misdemeanors. Gaunt talks him out of it and takes the gun from him. Brian witnesses the investigation at Wilma Jerzyk's house and hears the sheriff musing over where all the apples came from. Brian is shocked that his actions might in some way have caused this tragedy and tries to talk to Alan about what Gaunt had him do, but is too scared to do so. Alan later approaches Brian when he's alone at the lighthouse and asks what's got him so scared. Brian explains that Gaunt is a monster, before trying to shoot himself in the head. The gun goes off but the sheriff manages to save the boy and Brian is hospitalized. Meanwhile, Alan begins to suspect that Gaunt may not be what he seems.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Father Meehan slashes the tires on Hugh Priest's truck. Hugh Priest sees what has happened to his truck when he is thrown out of the bar for being too drunk. Alan returns from meeting with Brian and is now very suspicious of Gaunt. He tries to warn Polly and asks her to get rid of the necklace, but she is unwilling to remove it. After Alan has gone she tries prying the necklace open to see what is inside and gets an electric shock which throws the necklace across the room. Polly is immediately crippled by her arthritis and cannot reach to pick up the necklace. Gaunt appears in her bedroom and replaces the necklace on Polly's neck. He states the price for necklace will be $20 and a small prank. Polly is so grateful, she pays him immediately and is clearly mesmerized by Gaunt who then seduces her. After which he states that Alan is corrupt and has been embezzling money from the town with Keeton for years. Gaunt convinces Polly to go to Alan's yacht to look for the money. She does and sees much money strewn over her fiancé's desk. Polly phones Alan from the yacht, accuses him of the crime, and in disgust calls off the engagement.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Keeton becomes afraid that everyone including his wife Myrtle is out to get him, and Gaunt convinces him that he is his only ally. Gaunt also has Keeton attack deputy Norris Ridgewick at the police station. Alan manages to subdue Keeton by handcuffing Keeton to his car. Shortly after this, Keeton manages to escape Ridgewick by kicking him in the groin. He then drives home where he accuses his wife of having an affair with Norris and kills her with a hammer. The phone rings and it is Gaunt. He tells Keeton to come to see him, as he has something for him that will make him feel better. Hugh Priest goes into the bar with a shotgun and straight up to the owner, who also pulls out a shotgun from behind the bar and they shoot each other. Gaunt's pranks spread throughout the town and its citizens. Mistaken suspicion, paranoia and anger spread with it. Gaunt starts selling his customers guns, encouraging them to kill whoever wronged them, playing on their greed and fear. Gaunt has Keeton place explosives in the town's Catholic church, where Alan is inside talking to Father Meehan relaying his new suspicions that Gaunt is the Devil incarnate, but Meehan refuses to believe him. The church explodes, but Alan and Meehan manage to escape with their lives. Father Meehan believes that Reverend Willy Rose is behind the attack on the Church and leaves to fight him.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: A riot sparks throughout the town, with Gaunt watching from the sidelines. Alan tries desperately to restore order. He pulls his gun on Father Meehan who is trying to behead Reverend Rose and Gaunt encourages him to shoot them. Alan fires into the air, much to Gaunt's disappointment. Getting everyone's attention, Alan convinces the townsfolk of Castle Rock to come to their senses, exposing Gaunt's true nature and his web of lies and manipulation. Everyone stops fighting and admits their pranks, but Keeton, who is despondent, walks up to Alan and Ridgewick, pointing a gun at them with a bomb strapped to himself, threatening to blow everyone up. He is talked down by Alan and turns him against Gaunt. Keeton walks up to Gaunt, who taunts him about his inadequacies and is heard to repeatedly refer to him as 'Buster'. Infuriated, Keeton tackles Gaunt through the store window, setting off the bomb and destroying Needful Things.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Defeated but completely unharmed, Gaunt emerges from the burning wreckage of his store saying that this wasn't his best work. Gaunt walks up to Alan and Polly, telling them they make a cute couple, and he will encounter their grandson in 2053—then departs, presumably to continue his vicious evil work elsewhere, leaving in the same black car in which he arrived.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: "Needful Things" received generally negative reviews from critics. The film holds a 31% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 4.1/10. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: Roger Ebert gave it 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying the film "only has one note, which it plays over and over, sort of a Satanic water torture. It's not funny and it's not scary and it's all sort of depressing." Janet Maslin, film and literary critic for "The New York Times", gave the film a resoundingly negative review, saying that "though this is by no means the grisliest or most witless film made from one of Mr. King's horrific fantasies, it can lay claim to being the most unpleasant."


title: Needful Things (film)

text: At the 1993 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films Awards, "Needful Things" was nominated for three Saturn Awards and won one: Amanda Plummer for best supporting actress.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: On May 22, 1996, "Needful Things" was aired in a four-hour timeslot on TBS. This airing included an hour of excised footage not included in the theatrical release. Upon release to home media, the film was cut by one hour to two hours in length. The TBS version has a large number of differences to the home release version, including scene extensions, abridgements, different scene arrangements, and more of the town's citizens and their lives.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: "Needful Things" was released on DVD August 27, 2002, and on Blu-ray June 23, 2015. Special features include the original trailer using footage from the 3-hour cut.


title: Needful Things (film)

text: On January 16, 2020, Koch Media released a three-disc Region B/2 Blu-ray/DVD set, with both formats including both the theatrical version and a standard definition open matte version of the TBS extended cut.


title: Bridey Elliott

text: After graduating from the National Theater Institute, Elliott performed stand-up in New York and became a regular at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre.


title: Bridey Elliott

text: She starred in the SXSW Grand Jury Prize–winning "Fort Tilden" (2015), and had a role in Steven Soderbergh's film "Mosaic" (2017). She also had a part in the HBO comedy "Silicon Valley", and played tennis player Julie Heldman in "Battle of the Sexes" (2017).


title: Bridey Elliott

text: Elliott's directorial debut, the short comedy "Affections", premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival and went on to win the Special Jury Prize at the Independent Film Festival Boston. Her feature-length directorial debut, "Clara's Ghost", stars her mother, Paula Nierdert Elliott, and Haley Joel Osment; it premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. Her "Saturday Night Live" alumni father and sister were also in the movie, which was filmed at their home in Old Lyme, Connecticut.


title: Bridey Elliott

text: Elliott's mother is a talent coordinator, and her father is actor/comedian Chris Elliott. Her grandfather was radio comedian Bob Elliott. Her older sister is actress/comedian Abby Elliott; they were both raised in Wilton, Connecticut.


title: Gummibär

text: Gummibär or Gummy Bear (; German for "gummy bear") is a German-origin international multilingual character and virtual band that performs gummy bear-related songs on various albums, including "I Am Your Gummy Bear" (2007) and "La La Love to Dance" (2010). The video for the song "I'm a Gummy Bear" has nearly 3 billion views on YouTube.


title: Gummibär

text: The name "Gummibär" is taken from a German brand of bear-shaped gum candies from Haribo introduced in 1920. The highly stylized green blue-eyed obese gelatinous bear character wears an orange Y-front briefs/underwear and white sneakers. Gummibär also seems to be bitten with a small portion of the upper left ear missing. The bear's muzzle or, allowing for anthropomorphic, his mustache and goatee, appear to be carpet (in earlier media, seemingly sugar-frosted), and the character only has two small teeth spaced far apart on his lower jaw. Gummibär's right iris and pupil are greater in size than the corresponding left-sided features.


title: Gummibär

text: Gummibär's popularity as a phenomenon is very similar to that of fellow European music phenomenon Crazy Frog, characterized by repetition of lyrics and singing of catchy melodies. Variants of the character's music have been released in various languages internationally.


title: Gummibär

text: The related products are marketed by Gummybear International, which is responsible for the creation, development, and branding of Gummibär animations, as well as musical content and production. Merchandise includes musical and video products (CDs, DVDs, downloads and ringtones) and video games. The company is headquartered in New Jersey, United States.


title: Gummibär

text: In June 2012, Gummybear International gained a licensing and co-branding deal with the Greek toy manufacturer Jumbo and Brazilian record label Som Livre in August that includes deals on merchandising and releases on different formats.


title: Gummibär

text: In July 2017, Gummybear International launched a new character named Paperotti, who is a yellow duck with a blue feather on his forehead, Paperotti's channel features music videos and animated shorts. Paperotti has since featured in several Gummibär videos.


title: Gummibär

text: The video, a 30-second CGI pop promo animated in Softimage XSI, was directed, designed and animated by Pete Dodd and produced through Wilfilm in Copenhagen for Ministry of Sound GmbH in Berlin. The original video was a 30-second version of the Hungarian version, "Itt Van A Gumimaci" which was posted on site Mojoflix.com


title: Gummibär

text: "Gummibär: I Am Gummy Bear - The Gummibär Video Collection" was released on April 28, 2009, in the United States. The DVD contains a video collection of "I'm a Gummy Bear" in nine different languages, as well as some of the character's other releases. They promote their merch by putting it in their videos at the beginning of the music videos.


title: Gummibär

text: "Gummibär: The Yummy Gummy Search for Santa" was released in the United Kingdom on October 8, 2012, and in the United States on November 6, 2012 from Lionsgate Home Entertainment. It's Gummibär's first feature-length film. Aside from the titular character, it stars Harry, a male chameleon, Vampiro, a Draculaesque vampire bat, and Kala, a female cat, as they embark on a search for Santa Claus, who is reported missing on Christmas Eve. The film aired on December 1 of the same year on The CW's Vortexx Saturday morning cartoon block, which billed the airing as a "world premiere".


title: Gummibär

text: In 2016, a YouTube animated web series called "" was released online on the official Gummibär YouTube channel, consisting of one season of 39 episodes. The International versions were released on a channel named "Gummy Bear Show International" starting on April 1, 2020.


title: Saltburn-by-the-Sea

text: Saltburn-by-the-Sea, commonly referred to as Saltburn, is a seaside town in Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England, around south-east of Hartlepool and southeast of Redcar.


title: Saltburn-by-the-Sea

text: It lies within the historic boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It had a population of 5,958 in 2011.


title: Saltburn-by-the-Sea

text: The development of Middlesbrough and Saltburn was driven by the discovery of ironstone in the Cleveland Hills and the building of two railways to transport the minerals.


title: Saltburn-by-the-Sea

text: Old Saltburn is the original settlement, located in the Saltburn Gill. Records are scarce on its origins, but it was a centre for smugglers, and publican John Andrew is referred to as 'king of smugglers'.


title: Saltburn-by-the-Sea

text: In 1856, the hamlet consisted of the Ship Inn and a row of houses, occupied by farmers and fishermen.


title: Saltburn-by-the-Sea

text: In the mid-18th century, authors Laurence Sterne and John Hall-Stevenson enjoyed racing chariots on the sands at Saltburn.