title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: Yugi, Joey, and Tristan awaken within the Millennium Puzzle, finding Anubis' tomb within. Anubis reveals that his monsters will destroy the modern world. Yami Yugi and Kaiba continue their duel, each blow to their in-game Life Points draining away their physical energy. To make matters worse, Kaiba's "Deck Destruction Virus" sends more than half of Yami's deck to the Graveyard, leaving him with barely any cards, and attacks from his "Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" and "Blue-Eyes Shining Dragon" (his second new card), both with 4500 Attack Points, drop Yami's Life Points to 200. Pegasus figures out what is going on and arrives in a helicopter to rescue Téa, Solomon, and Mokuba. Téa sends her soul into the Millennium Puzzle to aid Yugi, Joey and Tristan. Yugi finds the Dagger of Fate within Anubis' tomb, and uses it to destroy the all-seeing eye, as predicted by the prophecy.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: When Kaiba deviates from Anubis' plan and attempts to destroy the "Pyramid of Light", Anubis materializes, casts him aside, and takes command of the duel. Yami, reunited with Yugi, destroys the "Pyramid of Light" card with "Blue-Eyes Shining Dragon" and then uses Kaiba's planned strategy to summon the God Cards and end the duel by destroying Anubis.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: However, Anubis transforms into a monster and allows any monster to become real when summoned. This proves to be his undoing when Yugi and Yami summon "Blue-Eyes Shining Dragon" to beat Anubis with ease, ultimately destroying him for good. An injured Kaiba departs with Mokuba, with the promise to defeat Yugi next time they meet. Yugi thanks the spirit of Yami, and his three best friends for their strong enduring friendship which he claims makes him a true winner.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: "Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie Soundtrack" feature various vocal artists (most notably The Black Eyed Peas, who contributed the song "For the People") from the English version. It was released on 10 August 2004, on RCA on Audio CD and Compact Cassette. The score for the film was never released.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: The English-language version of the film retains most of the regional changes made to the TV show, like the use of different character names (for instance, the character known in Japan as "Anzu Mazaki" is named "Téa Gardner" in other markets). Unlike the regular series, the trading cards seen in the film actually look like their real-life counterparts; the English-language series would normally edit them to alter their appearance.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: The version of the film released in Japan featured thirteen minutes of additional animation. It utilized the characters' original names, along with the original soundtrack and sound effects heard in the Japanese version of the television series. Also, a different ending theme is used in the Japanese version, being the song "Fire" by groove metal band BLAZE.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: Attendees of the premiere got two of four free Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game cards (Pyramid of Light, Sorcerer of Dark Magic, Watapon, and Blue-Eyes Shining Dragon) when filmgoers purchased tickets for the film.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: A tie-in novelization for the film was released in 2004, written by Junki Takegami. The novel is divided into a prologue, 5 chapters, and an epilogue. It is virtually identical in terms of plot, save for a few minor changes, such as explaining that Akhenaden created the Pyramid of Light for his son Seto as a failed recreation of the Millennium Puzzle, and extra exposition, such as giving out detailed deck-lists for each character. The novel was never released and translated to English, and is now rare since it has gone out of print.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: "Yu-Gi-Oh! – The Movie: Pyramid of Light" opened at 2,411 screens across the U.S. and made a theater screen average of $3,934. By the end of the weekend, it made $9,485,494 and place #4 on the Box Office Top 10 behind "Collateral", "", and "Alien vs. Predator", which opened up on the same day and took the #1 position. It is currently the #3 Japanese animated film in the US Box Office, after "" and "". The film grossed $19,765,868 in the United States and Canada, with only $29,170,410 worldwide, making it a box-office bomb compared to the success of the first three "Pokémon" films dubbed by the same company.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: The film was met with poor reception from critics. Criticism likened it to the "Pokémon" films in that it was only appropriate for fans of the franchise. Rotten Tomatoes ranked the film 68th in the "100 Worst Reviewed Films of the 2000s", with a rating of 5%, based on 66 reviews while the consensus reads, "Don't watch the TV show or play the card game? Then this movie is not for you." The film was the lowest-rated animated film on Metacritic until it was surpassed by 2017's "The Emoji Movie", with an average of 15 out of 100, meaning "overwhelming dislike", based on 18 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it is the second lowest-rated animated film of the 2000s behind "Happily N'Ever After". In a retrospective review for the Radio Times Guide to Films, film critic Lucy Barrick awarded the film two stars out of five, describing the narrative as "largely incomprehensible" and the animation as "bog-standard".


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: On 1 February 2018, it was announced by Fathom Events and 4K Media that the film would be getting a remastered re-release in 800 American theaters through 11 to 12 March.


title: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

text: In October 2018, a trailer for the Remasters preview for the current "Yu-Gi-Oh" anime, "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS", was shown alongside the film, in which the "Yu-Gi-Oh" film is on Blu-ray, which came out on 8 October 2018.


title: American Utopia (film)

text: American Utopia is a 2020 American concert film directed and produced by Spike Lee, from a screenplay by David Byrne. The film is a live recording of a Broadway performance of the show adapted from the touring show that supported the album of the same name, featuring selections from that album, as well as songs from throughout Byrne's career. Byrne performs alongside eleven musicians, all performing with wireless or portable equipment. Frequent collaborator Annie-B Parson serves as choreographer.


title: American Utopia (film)

text: It had its world premiere at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2020. The film received critical acclaim.


title: American Utopia (film)

text: In June 2020, it was announced Spike Lee had directed a filmed version of the Broadway performance "American Utopia" by David Byrne, with HBO distributing.


title: American Utopia (film)

text: The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2020. It screened at the New York Film Festival on October 3, 2020, and the BFI London Film Festival on October 14, 2020. It was broadcast in the United States and Canada on HBO and made available for streaming through HBO Max (U.S.) and Crave (Canada) on October 17, 2020. Universal Pictures distributes the film in all other countries. The film received a limited theatrical release in the United States throughout September 2021.


title: American Utopia (film)

text: "American Utopia" received critical acclaim. It holds approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews, with an average of . The site's critical consensus reads, "Helmed in elegant and exhilarating style by Spike Lee, "David Byrne's American Utopia" is a concert film that doubles as a joyously cathartic celebration." On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 93 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: American Utopia (film)

text: Erik Adams of "The A.V. Club" devotes a lengthy review to "American Utopia" as "the right movie for 2020", noting how Byrne balances hope in a tumultuous world, writing, "The key to "American Utopia"s resonance isn’t so much one of joy versus despair as it is connection versus isolation".


title: Rappler

text: Rappler (portmanteau of the words "rap" and "ripple") is a Filipino online news website based in Pasig, Metro Manila, the Philippines. It was founded by 2021 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Maria Ressa along with a group of fellow Filipino journalists as well as technopreneurs. It started as a Facebook page named MovePH in August 2011 and evolved into a website on January 1, 2012.


title: Rappler

text: In 2018, agencies under the Philippine government initiated legal proceedings against Rappler. Rappler and its staff alleged it was being targeted for its revelations of corruption by government and elected officials, the usage of bots and trolls favoring Rodrigo Duterte's administration, and documenting the Philippine drug war.


title: Rappler

text: In October 2021, Rappler co-founder Ressa, alongside Russian journalist Dmitry Muratov, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for safeguarding freedom of expression in their homelands.


title: Rappler

text: With the idea of professional journalists using social media and crowd sourcing for news distribution, Rappler was started in 2011 by Filipino journalist Maria Ressa along with her entrepreneur and journalist friends. Brainstorming for the company began some time in 2010 when Maria Ressa was writing her second book, "From Bin Laden to Facebook". Other key people involved in its conceptualization and creation were former "Newsbreak" head and ABS-CBN News Channel managing editor Glenda Gloria, journalist and Ateneo De Manila University professor Chay Hofileña, former "TV Patrol" executive producer Lilibeth Frondoso, Philippine Internet pioneer Nix Nolledo, Internet entrepreneur Manuel I. Ayala, and former NBC Universal Global Networks Asia-Pacific managing director Raymund Miranda.


title: Rappler

text: Rappler first went public as a beta version website on January 1, 2012, the same day that the "Philippine Daily Inquirer" published a Rappler piece that broke the story of (then) Philippine Chief Justice Renato Corona being awarded a University of Santo Tomas doctoral degree without a required dissertation. The site officially launched at its #MoveManila event at the Far Eastern University in Manila on January 12, 2012.


title: Rappler

text: In 2016, Rappler began to be critical of the Duterte-led government of the Philippines, which had just taken office in 2016, and its controversial war on drugs after Rappler noticed a network of paid followers and dummy accounts on Facebook spreading fake news related to Duterte.


title: Rappler

text: On January 11, 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission revoked Rappler's license to operate as a "mass media" entity, for allegedly violating the Constitution's Foreign Equity Restrictions in Mass Media by being wholly foreign-owned. Rappler then sought a petition for review from the Court of Appeals on January 28, but was rejected on July 26, 2018, finding no grave abuse of discretion on the part of the SEC. Many journalistic organizations and committees saw the act as intimidation meant to silence opposition and control freedom of the press.


title: Rappler

text: On October 26, 2017, Rappler became a member of the Poynter Institute's International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). This led to Facebook tapping Rappler and Vera Files in April 2018 to be its Philippine partners on its worldwide fact-checking program, in part because of their participation in the IFCN. Under the program, false news stories will appear lower on users' news feeds and lower the chances of people seeing those stories. The program, according to a Facebook executive, "is one of the ways we hope to better identify and reduce the reach of false news that people share on our platform." A spokesperson for the Philippine government backed the fact-checking program but protested Facebook's partnership with Rappler.


title: Rappler

text: On June 29, 2022, Maria Ressa released a statement stating that the Philippine government has ordered that Rappler be shut down. The shutdown order came right as the former President Rodrigo Duterte was set to leave office. The Securities and Exchange Commission stated that it decided to uphold the shut down order due to the findings of its own investigation and that of the courts finding Rappler's funding model to be unconstitutional. Ressa commented on the ruling and called them "intimidation tactics". She also stated that they will continue to exhaust all legal remedies to fight the ruling. She also noted that Rappler will continue to operate due to the order only being executory on approval of a court."This is intimidation. These are political tactics. We refuse to succumb to them. We're not going to voluntarily give up our rights. And we really shouldn't. I continue to appeal for that because when you give up your rights, you're never going to get them back." – Maria Ressa


title: Rappler

text: "Mood Meter" is a web widget embedded on each of Rappler's blogs and articles. It appears as colored bubbles showing the way people react to Rappler's stories. Readers are prompted to choose their response from eight different emotional reactions. The ten stories that received the most reactions in the last 48-hour period would appear on the Mood Navigator.


title: Rappler

text: The Rappler Mood Meter, which is similar to Facebook Reactions, won the Bronze Medal for Brand Experience at the 2012 Boomerang Awards sponsored by the Internet Media Marketing Association of the Philippines.


title: Rappler

text: In 2020, Rappler launched its new content delivery and community engagement platform with several features such as WCAG 2.0 AA compliance, content moderation through topics, live blogs, and premium subscriptions. Rappler also allows private use of its new software platform for other organizations.


title: Rappler

text: Rappler+ is an exclusive membership program of Rappler launched in 2019. Aside from weekly newsletters, members get access to investigative reports, research data, industry reports, and e-books produced by the digital media and investigative journalism firm.


title: Rappler

text: Agos is a crowdsourcing platform focused on disaster risk reduction and mitigation using digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and social media.


title: Rappler

text: Many legal cases have been filed by various government agencies against Rappler since 2017; these cases are collectively considered by "The Guardian" and Reporters Without Borders as "judicial harassment." Among other cases are cases alleging ownership irregularities and tax evasion. Both Ressa and Chel Diokno, a human rights attorney who represents Rappler, connects a statement made by President Duterte regarding Rappler's ownership during his 2017 State of the Nation Address to the outpour of legal cases against Rappler from all areas of the executive branch. If all of the cases filed against Ressa related to her management of Rappler up to June 18, 2020, were to result in guilty verdicts after final appeal, and the sentences were all to run consecutively, she would face around 100 years in prison.


title: Rappler

text: On January 11, 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines (SEC) revoked Rappler's certificate of incorporation over Rappler's use of Philippine Depository Receipts (PDRs). It said that the provisions of the PDR issued to Omidyar Network by Rappler gave the American investment firm control over the local media firms' other PDR holders as well as its corporate policies, which the SEC says is a violation of the Constitution's provisions on foreign ownership and control. Rappler claimed that it was 100% Filipino owned and that Omidyar only invests in the media firm. Despite the certificate revocation, SEC stated that Rappler could still operate since their decision was not final, pointing out that the media firm could also challenge the decision before the Court of Appeals within 15 days. Malacañang Palace also suggested that Rappler authors can still continue to publish on their website as bloggers. On February 28, Omidyar Network donated its Rappler PDRs to the editors and executives of Rappler.


title: Rappler

text: Rappler alleged that the revocation of Rappler's certificate was an attack against the freedom of the press. The National Union of Journalists of the Philippines (NUJP), Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines (FOCAP) and the Philippine Press Institute (PPI) said the SEC ruling is part of a pattern of restricting criticism. The National Press Club of the Philippines, on the other hand, supported the SEC decision. Other groups such as the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism and the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility also expressed concerns about the revocation and press freedom in the country in general.


title: Rappler

text: Members of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, mostly from the opposition, issued statements of concern, describing the SEC revocation of Rappler's license as "a loss for dissenting voices and free speech", "pure harassment" and "straight out of the dictator's playbook", and an "affront on press freedom." Law advocacy group CenterLaw said the move was unconstitutional since the SEC denied Rappler due process. It also said the SEC's action was "tantamount to prior restraint" of "a known critic of the government's drug war."


title: Rappler

text: The Philippine government denied the claim, pointing out that President Rodrigo Duterte could have used the armed forces to implement Rappler's closure, as done by various foreign governments, but did not. The chief presidential legal counsel defended the SEC, saying the SEC's job was simply to punish violators of the law.


title: Rappler

text: On March 8, 2018, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) filed criminal and tax evasion charges against Rappler Holdings Corp. before the Department of Justice (DoJ) for allegedly evading in taxes. Rappler's petition for review regarding the SEC's decision was subsequently rejected by the Court of Appeals on July 26, 2018, finding no grave abuse of discretion on the part of the SEC.


title: Rappler

text: On June 29, 2022, Ressa released a statement during an international conference affirming that the SEC had upheld its earlier ruling to revoke Rappler's operating license. Ressa also stated that Rappler will file an appeal due to "proceedings that were highly irregular" in the SEC's decision.


title: Rappler

text: The National Bureau of Investigation of the Philippines subpoenaed Ressa and a former Rappler reporter on January 18, 2018, in connection with an online libel complaint filed by private entrepreneur Wilfredo Keng. The complaint was for a 2012 article that reported that then Philippine Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona had been using a luxury vehicle owned by Keng. The report also claimed that Keng was involved in human trafficking.


title: Rappler

text: On March 8, 2018, the National Bureau of Investigation lodged before the Department of Justice (DoJ) a cyber libel complaint against Rappler and its officers (Maria Ressa, former Rappler reporter Reynaldo Santos, Jr. who wrote the story, and directors and officers Manuel Ayala, Nico Jose Nolledo, Glenda Gloria, James Bitanga, Felicia Atienza, Dan Albert de Padua and Jose Maria G. Hofilena) in connection with a news article published in 2012 wherein citing in the complaint stated that “Unlike published materials on print, defamatory statements online, such as those contained in the libelous article written and published by subjects, [are]indubitably considered as a continuing crime until and unless the libelous article is actually removed or taken down. Otherwise, the same is a continuing violation of Section 4 (c) (4) of the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012”.


title: Rappler

text: Ressa was arrested on February 13, 2019, and spent a night in jail before being able to bail herself out. The arrest was criticized by opposition and journalist groups, seeing the arrest as being politically motivated. The trial began on July 23, 2019. Ressa and Reynaldo Santos, Jr. were convicted of cyberlibel by Manila Regional Trial Court (RTC) Branch 46 on June 15, 2020, and sentenced to a maximum of six years in jail, along with being ordered to pay fines of each. Human rights and media freedom advocates have characterized the court decision as a blow to freedom of the press and democracy.


title: Rappler

text: After the verdict, Keng sued Ressa again for a different count of cyberlibel, this time over a tweet she wrote on February 15, 2019, which contained a screenshot of the 2002 "Philippine Star" article discussed in. Keng stated that by republishing the article "[Ressa] feloniously communicated the malicious imputations against me not only to her 350,000 Twitter followers, but to anyone who has access to the internet." Keng later withdrew the cyberlibel complaint after reportedly losing interest in the case.


title: Rappler

text: On July 8, 2022, the Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 46 upheld the cyberlibel conviction of Ressa and Santos, sentencing them to serve a minimum of 6 months and 1 day to a maximum of 6 years, eight months and 20 days in jail.


title: Rappler

text: On December 3, 2018, an arrest warrant for Rappler's founder Maria Ressa was sent to the Pasig police station, for alleged omissions in the VAT (value added tax) filings of Rappler, in connection with "People of the Philippines v. Rappler Holdings Corp. and Maria Ressa" (R-PSG-18-02983-CR). However, her arraignment in this case was suspended as she filed a motion to quash the information, and she was not arrested in connection with this warrant, as she posted bail in the amount of the same day. As of January 2020, the case remains suspended, as the Pasig has still not ruled on the motion.


title: Rappler

text: On March 29, 2019, Ressa was arrested again upon her arrival at Ninoy Aquino International Airport from an overseas trip. The arrest warrant was issued by the Pasig Branch 265 against Ressa in connection with yet another case she and members of Rappler's 2016 board are facing, this time for alleged violations of the Anti-Dummy Law (C.A. No. 108). Ressa posted bail in the amount of the same day.


title: Rappler

text: As of 2017, Rappler is owned primarily by Rappler Holdings Corporation, which is in turn owned by Dolphin Fire Group (31.2%), Maria Ressa (23.8%), Hatchd Group (17.9%), Benjamin So (17.9%), and 9.3 percent of minority shares.


title: Rappler

text: Rappler originally drew in funds through the issuance of Philippine Depository Receipts (PDR), which allowed foreign firms Omidyar Network and North Base Media to invest in Rappler.


title: Rappler

text: On February 28, 2018, Omidyar Network donated its Rappler PDRs to the editors and executives of Rappler.


title: Rappler

text: Rappler receives grants for fact-checking, related research and initiatives to address online disinformation from organizations including:


title: Time in physics

text: Time in physics is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads. In classical, non-relativistic physics, it is a scalar quantity (often denoted by the symbol formula_1) and, like length, mass, and charge, is usually described as a fundamental quantity. Time can be combined mathematically with other physical quantities to derive other concepts such as motion, kinetic energy and time-dependent fields. "" is a complex of technological and scientific issues, and part of the foundation of "recordkeeping".


title: Time in physics

text: Before there were clocks, time was measured by those physical processes which were understandable to each epoch of civilization:


title: Time in physics

text: Eventually, it became possible to characterize the passage of time with instrumentation, using operational definitions. Simultaneously, our conception of time has evolved, as shown below.


title: Time in physics

text: In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of time is the second (symbol: formula_2). It is a SI base unit, and has been defined since 1967 as "the duration of [cycles] of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom". This definition is based on the operation of a caesium atomic clock. These clocks became practical for use as primary reference standards after about 1955, and have been in use ever since.


title: Time in physics

text: The UTC timestamp in use worldwide is an atomic time standard. The relative accuracy of such a time standard is currently on the order of 10 (corresponding to 1 second in approximately 30 million years). The smallest time step considered theoretically observable is called the Planck time, which is approximately 5.391×10 seconds - many orders of magnitude below the resolution of current time standards.


title: Time in physics

text: The caesium atomic clock became practical after 1950, when advances in electronics enabled reliable measurement of the microwave frequencies it generates. As further advances occurred, atomic clock research has progressed to ever-higher frequencies, which can provide higher accuracy and higher precision. Clocks based on these techniques have been developed, but are not yet in use as primary reference standards.


title: Time in physics

text: Galileo, Newton, and most people up until the 20th century thought that time was the same for everyone everywhere. This is the basis for s, where time is a parameter. The modern understanding of time is based on Einstein's theory of relativity, in which rates of time run differently depending on relative motion, and space and time are merged into spacetime, where we live on a world line rather than a timeline. In this view time is a coordinate. According to the prevailing cosmological model of the Big Bang theory, time itself began as part of the entire Universe about 13.8 billion years ago.


title: Time in physics

text: In order to measure time, one can record the number of occurrences (events) of some periodic phenomenon. The regular recurrences of the seasons, the motions of the sun, moon and stars were noted and tabulated for millennia, before the laws of physics were formulated. The sun was the arbiter of the flow of time, but time was known only to the hour for millennia, hence, the use of the gnomon was known across most of the world, especially Eurasia, and at least as far southward as the jungles of Southeast Asia.


title: Time in physics

text: In particular, the astronomical observatories maintained for religious purposes became accurate enough to ascertain the regular motions of the stars, and even some of the planets.


title: Time in physics

text: At first, timekeeping was done by hand by priests, and then for commerce, with watchmen to note time as part of their duties.


title: Time in physics

text: The tabulation of the equinoxes, the sandglass, and the water clock became more and more accurate, and finally reliable. For ships at sea, boys were used to turn the sandglasses and to call the hours.


title: Time in physics

text: Richard of Wallingford (1292–1336), abbot of St. Alban's abbey, famously built a mechanical clock as an astronomical orrery about 1330.


title: Time in physics

text: By the time of Richard of Wallingford, the use of ratchets and gears allowed the towns of Europe to create mechanisms to display the time on their respective town clocks; by the time of the scientific revolution, the clocks became miniaturized enough for families to share a personal clock, or perhaps a pocket watch. At first, only kings could afford them. Pendulum clocks were widely used in the 18th and 19th century. They have largely been replaced in general use by quartz and digital clocks. Atomic clocks can theoretically keep accurate time for millions of years. They are appropriate for standards and scientific use.


title: Time in physics

text: In 1583, Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) discovered that a pendulum's harmonic motion has a constant period, which he learned by timing the motion of a swaying lamp in harmonic motion at mass at the cathedral of Pisa, with his pulse.


title: Time in physics

text: In his "Two New Sciences" (1638), Galileo used a water clock to measure the time taken for a bronze ball to roll a known distance down an inclined plane; this clock was:


title: Time in physics

text: ...a large vessel of water placed in an elevated position; to the bottom of this vessel was soldered a pipe of small diameter giving a thin jet of water, which we collected in a small glass during the time of each descent, whether for the whole length of the channel or for a part of its length; the water thus collected was weighed, after each descent, on a very accurate balance; the differences and ratios of these weights gave us the differences and ratios of the times, and this with such accuracy that although the operation was repeated many, many times, there was no appreciable discrepancy in the results.


title: Time in physics

text: Galileo's experimental setup to measure the literal "flow of time", in order to describe the motion of a ball, preceded Isaac Newton's statement in his Principia, "I do not define time, space, place and motion, as being well known to all."


title: Time in physics

text: In or around 1665, when Isaac Newton (1643–1727) derived the motion of objects falling under gravity, the first clear formulation for mathematical physics of a treatment of time began: linear time, conceived as a "universal clock".


title: Time in physics

text: Absolute, true, and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably without regard to anything external, and by another name is called duration: relative, apparent, and common time, is some sensible and external (whether accurate or unequable) measure of duration by the means of motion, which is commonly used instead of true time; such as an hour, a day, a month, a year.


title: Time in physics

text: The water clock mechanism described by Galileo was engineered to provide laminar flow of the water during the experiments, thus providing a constant flow of water for the durations of the experiments, and embodying what Newton called "duration".


title: Time in physics

text: In this section, the relationships listed below treat time as a parameter which serves as an index to the behavior of the physical system under consideration. Because Newton's fluents treat a "linear flow of time" (what he called "mathematical time"), time could be considered to be a linearly varying parameter, an abstraction of the march of the hours on the face of a clock. Calendars and ship's logs could then be mapped to the march of the hours, days, months, years and centuries.


title: Time in physics

text: By 1798, Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814) had discovered that work could be transformed to heat without limit - a precursor of the conservation of energy or


title: Time in physics

text: In 1824 Sadi Carnot (1796–1832) scientifically analyzed the steam engine with his Carnot cycle, an abstract engine. Rudolf Clausius (1822–1888) noted a measure of disorder, or entropy, which affects the continually decreasing amount of free energy which is available to a Carnot engine in the:


title: Time in physics

text: Thus the continual march of a thermodynamic system, from lesser to greater entropy, at any given temperature, defines an arrow of time. In particular, Stephen Hawking identifies three arrows of time:


title: Time in physics

text: With time, entropy increases in an isolated thermodynamic system. In contrast, Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961) pointed out that life depends on a ""negative entropy flow"". Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003) stated that other thermodynamic systems which, like life, are also far from equilibrium, can also exhibit stable spatio-temporal structures that reminisce life. Soon afterward, the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reactions were reported, which demonstrate oscillating colors in a chemical solution. These nonequilibrium thermodynamic branches reach a "bifurcation point", which is unstable, and another thermodynamic branch becomes stable in its stead.


title: Time in physics

text: In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) presented a combined theory of electricity and magnetism. He combined all the laws then known relating to those two phenomenon into four equations. These equations are known as Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism; they allow for solutions in the form of electromagnetic waves and propagate at a fixed speed, "c", regardless of the velocity of the electric charge that generated them.


title: Time in physics

text: The fact that light is predicted to always travel at speed "c" would be incompatible with Galilean relativity if Maxwell's equations were assumed to hold in any inertial frame (reference frame with constant velocity), because the Galilean transformations predict the speed to decrease (or increase) in the reference frame of an observer traveling parallel (or antiparallel) to the light.


title: Time in physics

text: It was expected that there was one absolute reference frame, that of the luminiferous aether, in which Maxwell's equations held unmodified in the known form.


title: Time in physics

text: The Michelson–Morley experiment failed to detect any difference in the relative speed of light due to the motion of the Earth relative to the luminiferous aether, suggesting that Maxwell's equations did, in fact, hold in all frames. In 1875, Hendrik Lorentz (1853–1928) discovered Lorentz transformations, which left Maxwell's equations unchanged, allowing Michelson and Morley's negative result to be explained. Henri Poincaré (1854–1912) noted the importance of Lorentz's transformation and popularized it. In particular, the railroad car description can be found in "Science and Hypothesis", which was published before Einstein's articles of 1905.


title: Time in physics

text: The Lorentz transformation predicted space contraction and time dilation; until 1905, the former was interpreted as a physical contraction of objects moving with respect to the aether, due to the modification of the intermolecular forces (of electric nature), while the latter was thought to be just a mathematical stipulation.


title: Time in physics

text: Albert Einstein's 1905 special relativity challenged the notion of absolute time, and could only formulate a definition of synchronization for clocks that mark a linear flow of time:


title: Time in physics

text: Indeed, the Lorentz transformation (for two reference frames in relative motion, whose "x" axis is directed in the direction of the relative velocity)


title: Time in physics

text: can be said to "mix" space and time in a way similar to the way a Euclidean rotation around the "z" axis mixes "x" and "y" coordinates. Consequences of this include relativity of simultaneity. More specifically, the Lorentz transformation is a hyperbolic rotation formula_5 which is a change of coordinates in the four-dimensional Minkowski space, a dimension of which is "ct". (In Euclidean space an ordinary rotation formula_6 is the corresponding change of coordinates.) The speed of light "c" can be seen as just a conversion factor needed because we measure the dimensions of spacetime in different units; since the metre is currently defined in terms of the second, it has the "exact" value of . We would need a similar factor in Euclidean space if, for example, we measured width in nautical miles and depth in feet. In physics, sometimes units of measurement in which "c" = 1 are used to simplify equations.


title: Time in physics

text: Time in a "moving" reference frame is shown to run more slowly than in a "stationary" one by the following relation (which can be derived by the Lorentz transformation by putting ∆"x"′ = 0, ∆"τ" = ∆"t"′):


title: Time in physics

text: Moving objects therefore are said to "show a slower passage of time". This is known as time dilation.


title: Time in physics

text: These transformations are only valid for two frames at "constant" relative velocity. Naively applying them to other situations gives rise to such paradoxes as the twin paradox.


title: Time in physics

text: That paradox can be resolved using for instance Einstein's General theory of relativity, which uses Riemannian geometry, geometry in accelerated, noninertial reference frames. Employing the metric tensor which describes Minkowski space:


title: Time in physics

text: Einstein developed a geometric solution to Lorentz's transformation that preserves Maxwell's equations. His field equations give an exact relationship between the measurements of space and time in a given region of spacetime and the energy density of that region.


title: Time in physics

text: Einstein's equations predict that time should be altered by the presence of gravitational fields (see the Schwarzschild metric):


title: Time in physics

text: That is, the stronger the gravitational field (and, thus, the larger the acceleration), the more slowly time runs. The predictions of time dilation are confirmed by particle acceleration experiments and cosmic ray evidence, where moving particles decay more slowly than their less energetic counterparts. Gravitational time dilation gives rise to the phenomenon of gravitational redshift and Shapiro signal travel time delays near massive objects such as the sun. The Global Positioning System must also adjust signals to account for this effect.


title: Time in physics

text: According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, a freely moving particle traces a history in spacetime that maximises its proper time. This phenomenon is also referred to as the principle of maximal aging, and was described by Taylor and Wheeler as:


title: Time in physics

text: Einstein's theory was motivated by the assumption that every point in the universe can be treated as a 'center', and that correspondingly, physics must act the same in all reference frames. His simple and elegant theory shows that time is relative to an inertial frame. In an inertial frame, Newton's first law holds; it has its own local geometry, and therefore its "own" measurements of space and time; "there is no 'universal clock"'. An act of synchronization must be performed between two systems, at the least.


title: Time in physics

text: But the Schrödinger picture shown above is equivalent to the Heisenberg picture, which enjoys a similarity to the Poisson brackets of classical mechanics. The Poisson brackets are superseded by a nonzero commutator, say [H,A] for observable A, and Hamiltonian H:


title: Time in physics

text: This equation denotes an uncertainty relation in quantum physics. For example, with "time" (the observable A), the "energy" E (from the Hamiltonian H) gives:


title: Time in physics

text: The more precisely one measures the duration of a sequence of events, the less precisely one can measure the energy associated with that sequence, and vice versa. This equation is different from the standard uncertainty principle, because time is not an operator in quantum mechanics.


title: Time in physics

text: Corresponding commutator relations also hold for momentum "p" and position "q", which are conjugate variables of each other, along with a corresponding uncertainty principle in momentum and position, similar to the energy and time relation above.


title: Time in physics

text: Quantum mechanics explains the properties of the periodic table of the elements. Starting with Otto Stern's and Walter Gerlach's experiment with molecular beams in a magnetic field, Isidor Rabi (1898–1988), was able to modulate the magnetic resonance of the beam. In 1945 Rabi then suggested that this technique be the basis of a clock using the resonant frequency of an atomic beam.


title: Time in physics

text: In 2021 Jun Ye of JILA in Boulder Colorado observed time dilatation in the difference in the rate of optical lattice clock ticks at the top of a cloud of strontium atoms, than at the bottom of that cloud, a column one millimeter tall, under the influence of gravity.


title: Time in physics

text: One could say that time is a parameterization of a dynamical system that allows the geometry of the system to be manifested and operated on. It has been asserted that "time is an implicit consequence of chaos" (i.e. nonlinearity/irreversibility): the characteristic time, or rate of information entropy production, of a system. Mandelbrot introduces intrinsic time in his book "Multifractals and 1/f noise".


title: Time in physics

text: Signalling is one application of the electromagnetic waves described above. In general, a signal is part of communication between parties and places. One example might be a yellow ribbon tied to a tree, or the ringing of a church bell. A signal can be part of a conversation, which involves a protocol. Another signal might be the position of the hour hand on a town clock or a railway station. An interested party might wish to view that clock, to learn the time. See: Time ball, an early form of Time signal.


title: Time in physics

text: We as observers can still signal different parties and places as long as we live within their "past" light cone. But we cannot receive signals from those parties and places outside our "past" light cone.


title: Time in physics

text: Along with the formulation of the equations for the electromagnetic wave, the field of telecommunication could be founded.


title: Time in physics

text: In 19th century telegraphy, electrical circuits, some spanning continents and oceans, could transmit codes - simple dots, dashes and spaces. From this, a series of technical issues have emerged; see . But it is safe to say that our signalling systems can be only approximately synchronized, a plesiochronous condition, from which jitter need be eliminated.


title: Time in physics

text: That said, systems "can" be synchronized (at an engineering approximation), using technologies like GPS. The GPS satellites must account for the effects of gravitation and other relativistic factors in their circuitry. See: Self-clocking signal.


title: Time in physics

text: The primary time standard in the U.S. is currently NIST-F1, a laser-cooled Cs fountain, the latest in a series of time and frequency standards, from the ammonia-based atomic clock (1949) to the caesium-based NBS-1 (1952) to NIST-7 (1993). The respective clock uncertainty declined from 10,000 nanoseconds per day to 0.5 nanoseconds per day in 5 decades. In 2001 the clock uncertainty for NIST-F1 was 0.1 nanoseconds/day. Development of increasingly accurate frequency standards is underway.


title: Time in physics

text: In this time and frequency standard, a population of caesium atoms is laser-cooled to temperatures of one microkelvin. The atoms collect in a ball shaped by six lasers, two for each spatial dimension, vertical (up/down), horizontal (left/right), and back/forth. The vertical lasers push the caesium ball through a microwave cavity. As the ball is cooled, the caesium population cools to its ground state and emits light at its natural frequency, stated in the definition of "second" above. Eleven physical effects are accounted for in the emissions from the caesium population, which are then controlled for in the NIST-F1 clock. These results are reported to BIPM.


title: Time in physics

text: Additionally, a reference hydrogen maser is also reported to BIPM as a frequency standard for TAI (international atomic time).


title: Time in physics

text: The measurement of time is overseen by BIPM ("Bureau International des Poids et Mesures"), located in Sèvres, France, which ensures uniformity of measurements and their traceability to the International System of Units (SI) worldwide. BIPM operates under authority of the Metre Convention, a diplomatic treaty between fifty-one nations, the Member States of the Convention, through a series of Consultative Committees, whose members are the respective national metrology laboratories.


title: Time in physics

text: The equations of general relativity predict a non-static universe. However, Einstein accepted only a static universe, and modified the Einstein field equation to reflect this by adding the cosmological constant, which he later described as the biggest mistake of his life. But in 1927, Georges Lemaître (1894–1966) argued, on the basis of general relativity, that the universe originated in a primordial explosion. At the fifth Solvay conference, that year, Einstein brushed him off with "" (“Your math is correct, but your physics is abominable”). In 1929, Edwin Hubble (1889–1953) announced his discovery of the expanding universe. The current generally accepted cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, has a positive cosmological constant and thus not only an expanding universe but an accelerating expanding universe.


title: Time in physics

text: If the universe were expanding, then it must have been much smaller and therefore hotter and denser in the past. George Gamow (1904–1968) hypothesized that the abundance of the elements in the Periodic Table of the Elements, might be accounted for by nuclear reactions in a hot dense universe. He was disputed by Fred Hoyle (1915–2001), who invented the term 'Big Bang' to disparage it. Fermi and others noted that this process would have stopped after only the light elements were created, and thus did not account for the abundance of heavier elements.


title: Time in physics

text: Gamow's prediction was a 5–10-kelvin black-body radiation temperature for the universe, after it cooled during the expansion. This was corroborated by Penzias and Wilson in 1965. Subsequent experiments arrived at a 2.7 kelvins temperature, corresponding to an age of the universe of 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang.


title: Time in physics

text: This dramatic result has raised issues: what happened between the singularity of the Big Bang and the Planck time, which, after all, is the smallest observable time. When might have time separated out from the spacetime foam; there are only hints based on broken symmetries (see Spontaneous symmetry breaking, Timeline of the Big Bang, and the articles in ).


title: Time in physics

text: General relativity gave us our modern notion of the expanding universe that started in the Big Bang. Using relativity and quantum theory we have been able to roughly reconstruct the history of the universe. In our epoch, during which electromagnetic waves can propagate without being disturbed by conductors or charges, we can see the stars, at great distances from us, in the night sky. (Before this epoch, there was a time, before the universe cooled enough for electrons and nuclei to combine into atoms about 377,000 years after the Big Bang, during which starlight would not have been visible over large distances.)


title: Time in physics

text: Ilya Prigogine's reprise is ""Time precedes existence"". In contrast to the views of Newton, of Einstein, and of quantum physics, which offer a symmetric view of time (as discussed above), Prigogine points out that statistical and thermodynamic physics can explain irreversible phenomena, as well as the arrow of time and the Big Bang.


title: Andrew Tiernan

text: Tiernan began acting with the Birmingham Youth Theatre and moved to London in 1984 to study a three-year diploma in acting at the Drama Centre London run by Christopher Fettes and Yat Malmgren. His theatre work has included Joe Penhall's "The Bullet" at the Donmar Warehouse, and a long-term collaboration with the Tony-nominated director Wilson Milam, including Ché Walker's "Flesh Wound" at the Royal Court Theatre and two critically acclaimed productions of Sam Shepard's plays: "A Lie of the Mind" at the Donmar Warehouse and "True West" at the Bristol Old Vic. In 2008, Tiernan returned to the theatre in Dorota Maslowska's "A Couple of Poor, Polish-Speaking Romanians" at the Soho Theatre.


title: Andrew Tiernan

text: Tiernan played Piers Gaveston in Derek Jarman's controversial film of Christopher Marlowe's "Edward II" in 1991, after appearing in Lynda La Plante's award-winning drama "Prime Suspect". In the same year, he went on to star as Orlando and Oliver in Christine Edzard's version of Shakespeare's "As You Like It" playing alongside actors James Fox and Cyril Cusack. He then went on to star in the 2001 thriller, "Mr In-Between", directed by Paul Sarossy.


title: Andrew Tiernan

text: He played Szalas in Roman Polanski's film "The Pianist". He worked with Antonia Bird on a number of improvisational film productions, including "Safe" (Bafta - Best single drama), "Face", "Rehab" and "Spooks".


title: Andrew Tiernan

text: Tiernan starred in Zack Snyder's "300", an adaptation of the Frank Miller graphic novel, in which he portrayed Ephialtes of Trachis. Filming took place from October 2005 to January 2006 in Montreal. To portray Ephialtes, Tiernan dressed in full body prosthetics which took 10 hours each day to complete. He portrayed the character again in the sequel "" (2014).


title: Andrew Tiernan

text: In 1993, Tiernan appeared in the series "Cracker" in the episode "To Say I Love You". In 1997 played Banquo in the Shakespeare adaptation for BBC (MacBeth on the Estate) alongside James Frain and Susan Vidler. In 1998, in the British TV series "Hornblower", he played Bunting in the second episode, "The Examination For Lieutenant". Other credits in television include Victor Carroon in "The Quatermass Experiment", Kim Trent in "Life on Mars" and Lenny Spearfish in the BBC TV series "Jonathan Creek" in "The Curious Tale of Mr Spearfish" (1999). In 2005, he played Ben Jonson in "A Waste of Shame", a William Shakespeare biopic presented as part of the BBC's "ShakespeaRe-Told" series. He appeared in an episode of crime drama "Midsomer Murders" as Steve Bright, a photography enthusiast who is strangled with his own camera strap and in Dalziel & Pascoe as a lottery winner in the two-part episodes "Fallen Angel". In 2012, he appeared as DS Hunter in BBC's new drama "Prisoners' Wives".


title: Andrew Tiernan

text: In 2015, Tiernan made his directorial debut with the feature film "Dragonfly", followed in 2017 by "UK18", and in 2019 by "Break Clause".


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Yugi was created as a weak, young man who is interested in games and becomes a hero when playing them. According to Takahashi, through this trait, Yugi emphasizes the series' themes; friendship and the enjoyment of games. Atem was created as a hero who would appeal to young children through his strong characterization.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Critical reception to Yugi has been mixed; some writers found Yami Yugi to be too dark for the series but others praised the development of both Yugi and his lookalike alter-ego. His role in movies, mostly "", was also praised for featuring a more mature version of the character.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Kazuki Takahashi had always been interested in games; he was obsessed with them as a child and was still interested in them as an adult. He believed games made players into heroes. He decided to base the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" series around such games and used this idea as the premise. Yugi was a weak, childish boy who became a hero when he played games. Friendship is one of the major themes of "Yu-Gi-Oh!"; Takahashi based the names of the two major characters "Yūgi" and "Jōnouchi" on the word yūjō (友情), which means "friendship". Henshin, the ability to turn oneself into something or someone else, is something Takahashi believed all children dream of. He considered Yugi's "henshin" Dark Yugi, a savvy, invincible games player, to appeal to children.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Takahashi believes modern society focuses too much on winners and losers. For example, the author believes the regular Yugi and Katsuya Jonouchi (known as Joey Wheeler in the English anime) to have more potential as characters because they only focus on enjoying games. He felt Yami Yugi and Seto Kaiba are weaker characters despite the former's heroic traits. As a result, he believes Dark Yugi is at his best when he is being supported by the rest of the cast.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: According to Takahashi, while Yugi and Kaiba are rivals, they are not close friends. He believes, however, the most important part of their relationship is before Yugi's duel against Marik's alter-ego. Before the game begins, Kaiba passes Yugi a card that could help him in the game. This scene felt like one of the most difficult scenes to write because of the pair's rivalry.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: In the first anime adaption of the manga, Megumi Ogata voiced the main character and Shunsuke Kazama replaced her for the following one. Dan Green was Yugi's and Yami Yugi's voice actor in U.S. anime episodes. Ogata recalls that the director chose her to voice Yugi and told her, "I can feel the scent of darkness from you" which Ogata believes refers to Yugi's anti-heroic alter-ego. This work was raised from scratch when Kazama had no experience as a voice actor and did not know how to do it. Due to the latest movie taking place after the finale, Kazama portrayed him more mature. Green has used two voice pitches for Yugi's and Yami's voices and enjoyed the parodies his work led to in the form of an abridged series.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Yugi Mutou is the main protagonist of the story. During the manga's first chapter, he tries to complete the , one of the seven Millennium Items and an ancient Egyptian artifact, in hopes it will grant his wish of obtaining friends. However, he is bullied by two classmates, Katsuya Jonouchi and Hiroto Honda, with the former stealing a piece. When the school's hall monitor (named Ushio) beats up the two of them, Yugi comes to the bullies' defence and gets beaten up by Ushio. This causes Jonouchi to return the stolen piece to Yugi's grandfather, who later gives Yugi the piece. Yugi completes the Millennium Puzzle which causes him to be possessed by another person. According to the book of the dead, whoever solves the Millennium puzzle inherits the shadow games, becomes the guardian of right and passes judgement on evil. The second personality inhabiting Yugi's body, often referred to in the manga by such epithets as the , helps Yugi whenever he's in trouble, challenging bullies and criminals to occult judgment games called and enforces to enact justice against evil (the default powers of a Millennium Item wielder).


title: Yugi Mutou

text: After the Millennium Puzzle's soul, Dark Yugi defeats Ushio in a game, Yugi becomes friends with Jonouchi. Across the following chapters he also forms bonds with other characters, most notably his crush, Anzu Mazaki (Téa Gardner in the English anime), who instead develops a crush for Yugi's alter-ego, and Honda. During the story, Yugi meets a teenager named Seto Kaiba obsessed with a card game known as Duel Monsters. He takes the Blue Eyes White-Dragon from Yugi while at school—the card actually belonging to Yugi's grandfather, Sugoroku Mutou (Solomon Mutou in the English dub)— and swaps it for a fake. Sugoroku considers the card his most precious treasure he got from a friend. After Kaiba destroys the card and psychologically tortures the grandfather, Yugi and his friends enter Kaiba's Death-T challenge to end the torture. At the end Yugi and Kaiba have a duel, in which Yugi defeats him. This results into a rivalry as Kaiba seeks to have his rematch against both Yugi and Dark Yugi.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Shortly after Kaiba's defeat, Yugi receives an invitation to the Duel Monsters tournaments held by Maximillion J. Pegasus (Pegasus J. Crawford in Japanese versions). In order to lure him out, Pegasus steals Sugoroku's soul with his Millennium Eye. Yugi and Jonouchi go to the tournament, with the latter seeking to use the prize money to use it for an operation to restore his sister's eyesight. Accompanied by Anzu and Honda, Yugi and Jonouchi defeat multiple duelists but Yugi is forced to let himself to be defeated by Kaiba; the soul of Mokuba Kaiba, Seto Kaiba's brother, had also been stolen. With the help of a former rival, Mai Kujaku (Mai Valentine in the English anime), Yugi manages to reach Pegasus' mansion. Following the tournament, Yugi and Yami are able to defeat Pegasus. While Pegasus restores the stolen souls, Yugi gives Jonouchi the prize money for the medical treatment of his sister, Shizuka Kawai (Serenity Wheeler in the English anime).


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Some time after Pegasus' tournament, Dark Yugi learns from a woman named Ishizu Ishtar that he was once a Pharaoh but his memory was erased during a conflict. Shortly after this, Kaiba announces his own tournament – Battle City – where every loser in the competition has to give the winner their most valuable card. A group of hunters led by Ishizu's corrupted younger brother, Marik, are set to challenge Yugi, having a vendetta against the Pharaoh. In one duel, Yugi is faced by Osiris, the Sky Dragon: one of the three Egyptian God Cards which are recognized as the three strongest cards. Yugi defeats Marik's hunter and earns Osiris. He later uses it to defeat Yami Bakura and once again to confront Kaiba in a rematch, as his rival uses the second God Card: Obelisk the Tormentor. Yugi defeats Kaiba and obtains Obelisk. In the finale, Yugi faces Marik's own darker alter-ego who has the third God Card: The Winged Dragon of Ra. Using a card Kaiba previously passed him, Yugi defeats Marik, obtains Ra and becomes the tournament's champion.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: During the final story arc of the manga, Dark Yugi uses the three God Cards to learn of his past. He is transported to an alternate version of his life where he lived as a Pharaoh. During this time, the Pharaoh clashes against Yami Bakura multiple times while Yugi and his friends search for a way to aid him. At the end of the manga, it is revealed that his name as Pharaoh was , who sealed his soul into the Puzzle along with the Great God of Evil, Zorc Necrophades. The group is able to defeat Zorc and his avatar, Dark Bakura. After this, Yugi engages Atem in a final duel to help him move on to the afterlife.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: In "Yu-Gi-Oh R", which takes place following Yugi's victory in the Battle City tournament. Yako Tenma, student and adopted son of Maximillion Pegasus, decides to avenge his teacher's defeat at the hands of Yugi, believing him to be responsible for Pegasus' alleged death. Tenma kidnaps Téa Gardner, prompting Yugi and his friend Joey Wheeler to face Tenma's RA Project and the duel professors.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: He is also present "Yu-Gi-Oh! Capsule Monsters" where Yugi goes with his friends to find the missing Solomon Moto. In their journey, Yugi realizes that somehow they have been transported into the world of Capsule Monsters.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: The film "" follows a new duel between Yugi and Kaiba. However, the latter has been used by an ancient being known as Anubis who aims to kill the Pharaoh.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Yugi's next appearance is in the movie "" where he joins the duelists Jaden Yuki and Yusei Fudo to defeat the mysterious Paradox.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: In "" Yugi and his closest friends are in their final year of High School and are talking about what they will do in the future. They are antagonized by Kaiba who wishes to face the Pharaoh who has left to the afterlife. Nevertheless, in the final duel the Pharaoh makes a brief appearance to assist Yugi in defeating the corrupted Aigami.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: The video game "Yu-Gi-Oh! Forbidden Memories" follows the Pharaoh's daily life in Egypt until he is sealed into the Millennium Puzzle. Yugi inherits the puzzle and gathers each Millennium item which allows the Pharaoh to deal with his enemies until he keeps peace in his world.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: In "Yu-Gi-Oh! The Falsebound Kingdom", Yugi, Joey, Tristan, Téa and Bakura are invited to the testing of the virtual reality game "Kingdom," created by the company SIC. When they enter the game they soon find themselves trapped within it, and they must summon the help of the game's characters and monsters in order to defeat the game's villain, Emperor Heishin, and ultimately stop the plans of the game's designer, Scott Irvine, to control the three Egyptian God cards. "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links" also uses Yami Yugi as a playable character.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: As the protagonist and franchise mascot of one of the most popular anime of all time, Yugi is considered to be an iconic character in animation, often compared to characters like Ash Ketchum for serving as a figurehead in popularizing anime to a wider audience, as well as corresponding merchandise to people outside of Japan. In an "Anime! Anime!" poll, Yugi was rated as the 9th most popular character voiced by Megumi Ogata.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Critical reception to Yugi and Atem has been mixed. In the book "", Jason Thompson noted that while Yugi and his friends often end up in complicated situations during the series' first chapters, the portrayal of Yami might come across as negative due to his actions. During later episodes, however, Thompson viewed Yami as an admirable "super hero". In 2013, Thompson again noted Yami's behavior when playing "Penalty Games" on criminal or bullies; he was similar to Batman and Superman because he does not kill enemies but gives them gruesome fates. Fred Ladd also noted Yugi's weakness is due to his inhability to deal with bullies and that his alter-ego seeks revenge for their actions. Ladd said that Yugi and Yami become more developed as characters during the introduction of card games, which are important to the setting, to the series. Thompson agreed, noting that despite Yugi winning most of his duels, Takahashi produces enough drama to make the reader wonder whether he would lose against Pegasus or Marik based on their apparent advantages when playing the game. Briana Lawerence from Mania Entertainment was harsher towards Yugi's actions in the series; she found that Yugi was so nearly unbeatable at Duel Monsters that it was almost pointless for new duelists to challenge him.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: THEM Anime Reviews criticized Yugi's characterization and design in 4Kids' adaptation of the manga's second anime series; the website cited the character as a stereotype. DVD Talk was confused by the way Yugi transforms whenever he plays a game because it left the Millennium Puzzle as a mystery. Dan Green from the English cast has been praised for his deliveries as Yugi alongside Eric Stuart (Kaiba). While finding Yugi's victories in the anime ridiculous, "Fandom Post" still enjoyed the character's actions; the reviewer praised Yami's origins and actions as a Pharaoh, and the way he engages Bakura. The origins of the Pharaoh and his relationship with the priest Seto, Kaiba's previous life, were also praised. For the final duel between the two Yugi, Thompson praised Takahashi's writing because through this duel, both the Pharaoh and the reader are given the message to accept death while Yugi must accept loneliness and become a stronger man.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Critics have also commented upon Yugi's role in the movies based on the franchise. DVD Talk found Yugi's troubled situation as Duel Monsters' champion as an annoyance due to its execution but still felt young children should be warmed of it. While enjoying the duel between the protagonists and the villain in "Bonds Beyond Time', "UK Anime Network found the three duelists perform moves necessary to introduce their most iconic characters. While reviewing "Dark Side of Dimensions", IGN praised Yugi's growth alongside his friends' as they interact, making them more mature than in the manga and anime. IGN, however, wrote that although Yugi appears to be the movie's main character, he is overshadowed by Kaiba. Anime News Network said the emotional impact of the split between Yugi and the Pharaoh was impactful, the latter's cameo during the finale left a good impression. The Fandom Post criticized the obsessive relationship between Kaiba and the Pharaoh, which came across as romantic. Green's performance as the holographic Pharaoh was praised and the regular Yugi's rivalry with Kaiba received a positive response.


title: Yugi Mutou

text: Takahashi and Mike Mignola, the creator of "Hellboy", participated in an art exchange in which Takahashi drew Hellboy with Yugi's hairstyle, a Millennium Puzzle, and a duel disk, and Mignola drew Hellboy wearing a Millennium Puzzle and a Yugi T-shirt.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: Ariel Aquino Muhlach (; born August 12, 1969), popularly known as Aga Muhlach, is a Filipino actor. He has received numerous local and international accolades throughout his career, including Star Awards, Maria Clara Awards, and FAMAS Award.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: He was introduced to the entertainment industry using his real name "Ariel Muhlach" at the age of seven when he appeared in the 1975 film "May Isang Tsuper ng Taksi" and the 1976 film, "Babaing Hiwalay Sa Asawa", but he only became well known (under his new screen name "Aga Muhlach") with the success of the 1984 film "Bagets", after which he became a popular matinee idol. He also unsuccessfully ran for a 2013 congressional seat in Camarines Sur.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: As of October 2015, during the 60th birthday of ABS-CBN President Charo Santos-Concio, Muhlach confirmed that he has returned to original home network ABS-CBN after more than three years with TV5.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: Aga Muhlach was born at 2:30 PM on August 12, 1969, at Galang Maternity Clinic in Santa Cruz, Manila to Álvaro Amador Muhlach (Jan. 16, 1944-May 12, 2018) and Anita Adis Aquino (May 26, 1949-Nov. 18, 2007). He is one of nine children: three sisters Arlene, Almira and Andrea; and five brothers AJ, Andrew, Anton, Aaron and Albert. He finished high school at Aquinas School in San Juan City, and entered San Beda College to study Commerce. He discontinued studies when he focused on his acting career.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: Muhlach is from a prominent show business family. His father is a younger brother of former dramatic actress Amalia Fuentes; his cousin, Niño Muhlach, was the leading child actor of the 1970s; his brother AJ Muhlach was a member of boy band XLR8; his two sisters are also actresses.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: His family has Spanish (Asturian), German, and Chinese roots. His paternal grandfather, Álvaro Muhlach Agüera, was born in Barcelona, Spain, to Alejandro Muhlach Agüera and Enriqueta Agüera Iglesias, who were from Santander and Comillas, respectively both in Cantabria, but their ancestry originated from Asturias. His paternal grandmother, Concepción Borja Amador, was born in Xiamen, China, to a Chinese father and a Bicolano mother from Goa, Camarines Sur.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: He began his career as a child actor in the 1975 film, "May Isang Tsuper ng Taksi" and 1976 film, "Babaing Hiwalay Sa Asawa"; his aunt Amalia Fuentes was the lead in the latter film. At this point he was still using his real name in the credits. He also appeared in the 1980 film "Aguila" which starred Fernando Poe Jr. and Christopher de Leon.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: At age 14, Muhlach was cast as one of the male leads in Viva Entertainment's 1984 film, "Bagets". The film, which is about typical teenage life in the 80s, also starred William Martinez, Herbert Bautista, JC Bonnin, and Raymond Lauchengco. As the majority of the target audience could relate to the story, the film was a success, and Muhlach became a popular matinee idol.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: As a result of his popularity, he was cast in the title role in "Miguelito, Ang Batang Rebelde", in which he portrayed a rebellious teenager in conflict with his mother. He was nominated for "Best Supporting Actor" in the FAMAS Awards, and "Best Actor" in the Gawad Urian Awards.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: He was paired with Janice de Belen in the 1986 film, "Super-Wan-Tu-Tri", alongside Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon. The next year, he received his first acting award at the 1987 Gawad Urian Awards for "Best Supporting Actor" for his performance in the 1986 film, "Napakasakit, Kuya Eddie".


title: Aga Muhlach

text: With a younger generation of actors emerging, Muhlach took on the challenge of more mature roles, increasing his stock as one of the top matinee idols. Hiring publicist Ethel Ramos as his manager, he developed into one of the top dramatic actors of the 1990s.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: He was the male lead in light-hearted chick flick films "Bakit Labis Kitang Mahal" (1992) and "Sana Maulit Muli" (1995) with leading lady Lea Salonga, "Bakit Pa Kita Minahal" (1994) with Kris Aquino and Ruffa Gutierrez, "Basta't Kasama Kita" (1995) with Dayanara Torres, "May Minamahal" (1993) and "Ikaw Pa Rin Ang Iibigin" (1998) with Aiko Melendez, and "Dahil May Isang Ikaw" (1999) with Regine Velasquez, as well as starring in more serious dramas: "Nag-Iisang Bituin" (1994) with Vilma Santos, "Sinungaling Mong Puso" (1992) with Gabby Concepcion, "Bayarang Puso" (1996) with Lorna Tolentino, and "Sa Aking Mga Kamay" (1996) with Christopher de Leon among others.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: He also branched out into television sitcoms including his first as a lead in ABS-CBN's "Oki Doki Doc" from 1993 to 2000. The series had a film spin-off entitled "Oki Doki Doc: The Movie" produced by Star Cinema in 1996.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: In the 2000s, Muhlach appeared in a number of television series such as "Da Body En Da Guard" (2001), "Da Pilya En Da Pilot" (2001), "OK Fine Whatever" (2003), and the continuation of "Oki Doki Doc", "That's My Doc" (2007).


title: Aga Muhlach

text: After 18 years at ABS-CBN, Muhlach transferred to TV5 in 2011 to focus more on hosting. His last project with ABS-CBN was "" in 2010, and "In the Name of Love" with Star Cinema.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: In 2013, there were discussions about Muhlach teaming up with his former leading actress, Lea Salonga for the third time.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: In the early days of his acting career, he was often turned down for roles. For example, Lily Monteverde, a Regal Films producer turned him down many times after Douglas Quijano, talent manager, had introduced Muhlach and the film "Bagets" to her. Muchlach also had problems managing his finances and was often without money. in the early 90s he was given upbeat projects In 1992, Lily Monteverde produced "Sinungaling Mong Puso" with Vilma Santos which gained Aga Muhlach his Best Supporting Actor he gained notoriety for his on and off again relationship with Janice De Belen as they started in "Pakasalan Mo Ako" with co actors John Estrada and Gabby Concepcion. In 1990-1999 he was the most paid actor, he was paired with Aiko Melendez in "May Minamahal", (1994, 1997) Kris Aquino (1993, 1994), Ruffa Gutierrez, G. Toengi (1999), Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski (1994, 1998) Regine Velasquez, (1999, 2001, 2012) Lorna Tolentino, (1996) Carmina Villaroel, (1994, 1996) Maricel Laxa, (1994) Dawn Zulueta, (1993) beauty queen Dayanara Torres (1995) Lea Salonga, (1992, 1995) Alice Dixson and Snooky Serna (1991). In the 2000s he worked with then controversial sex goddess Joyce Jimenez in 2001 on sitcom TV in "Da Body en Da Guard" and even in romantic com film in Narinig Mo Na Ba Ang Latest? In 2001 he starred in the box office hit "Pangako Ikaw Lang" with Velasquez In 2002 he starred with future box office actresses Claudine Barretto in "Kailangan Kita" in 2002, and Dubai 2005, Sharon Cuneta in "Kung Ako Na Lang Sana" (2003), Kristine Hermosa in "All My Life" 2004, Maricel Soriano and Angelica Panganiban in "A Love Story" (2007), and 2008 with Anne Curtis in "When Love Begins". In the 2010s he starred in "In The Name Of Love" with Angel Locsin as well as "Miracle in Cell No. 7" with Bela Padilla.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: In 1986, 17-year-old Muhlach decided to have a child with Janice de Belen after being paired up in the film, "Super-Wan-Tu-Tri". De Belen announced her pregnancy on a primetime television and said that Muhlach had asked her to marry him, but that she had refused as they were still young. Muhlach's father was also against the marriage because of their ages. De Belen gave birth to Luigi "Igi Boy" Muhlach, Muhlach's first child.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: In 1993, he was dating Aiko Melendez during the shoot of their movie "May Minamahal" but after their relationship ended, he was linked romantically with Puerto Rican former Miss Universe and 1995 film "Basta't Kasama Kita" leading actress Dayanara Torres. Reports said that Muhlach had been intending to follow Torres to Puerto Rico and marry her, but did not because he chose his acting career over personal matters. The couple dated for about three to four years.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: Muhlach married Charlene Gonzalez in May 2001. They started dating only after he asked for her parents' permission to get engaged to her. They met through Gonzalez' cousin and his former co-star, J.C. Bonnin, when he was 16 years old. They met again during the 1994 Binibining Pilipinas pageant in which he was the judge and she won as Binibing Pilipinas–Universe. She was also his co-star in "Oki Doki Doc", where they became friends. They got married on May 28, 2001, in St. Joseph the Worker Parish in Pacdal, Baguio, less than a year after their engagement. They have twins named Atasha and Andres.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: Muhlach is considered one of the most bankable actors in the Philippine entertainment industry. He is known for being one of the Philippine cinema's leading men of romantic dramas, being partnered up with well-known leading ladies such as Lea Salonga, Sharon Cuneta, Claudine Barretto, Maricel Soriano, Angel Locsin, Regine Velasquez, Kris Aquino, Aiko Melendez, Anne Curtis and recently Bea Alonzo and Bela Padilla. He is also claimed as a multi-media product endorser, a role model to Filipinos of all ages, a supporter of underprivileged children, a matinee idol, and multi-award winning actor.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: In 2013, Muhlach ran for a seat in the House of Representatives to represent Camarines Sur's 4th district under the then-ruling Liberal Party. However, he lost to Felix William Fuentebella, son of outgoing representative Arnulfo Fuentebella and a member of a political dynasty, by almost 3,000 votes. He filed an electoral protest before the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal on June 4, 2013, alleging that there was massive vote buying, ballot tampering or errors on vote-counting machines in seven municipalities under the district. However, it was later dismissed as he and Fuentebella mutually agreed to drop the case.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: He is one of the male celebrities who are in-demand for advertising contracts. One of his advertisements is with Jollibee, in which he is a longtime commercial endorser of the fast food chain. In addition, he is the founder of "MaAga Ang Pasko", an annual Christmas gift giving event of Jollibee starting in 1994, wherein people can donate things such as toys and clothes.


title: Aga Muhlach

text: 1996 Nominated Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role


title: Aga Muhlach

text: 1994 Won Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role


title: Aga Muhlach

text: 1992 Won Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role


title: Sandringham, Norfolk

text: Sandringham is a village and civil parish in the north of the English county of Norfolk. The village is situated south of Dersingham, north of King's Lynn and north-west of Norwich.


title: Sandringham, Norfolk

text: The village's name means 'Sandy Dersingham'. 'Dersingham' meaning 'Homestead/village of Deorsige's people'.


title: Sandringham, Norfolk

text: The civil parish extends eastwards from Sandringham village to the shore of the Wash some distant, and includes the villages of West Newton and Wolferton. It has an area of and in 2001 had a population of 402 in 176 households. The population had increased to 437 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish is in the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.


title: Sandringham, Norfolk

text: Sandringham is best known as the location of Sandringham House and its estate, a private residence of British monarchs since Edward VII, who used it as a holiday home. Near to the house is the Royal Stud, a stud farm that houses many of the royal horses. The village was the birthplace of Diana, Princess of Wales.


title: Sandringham, Norfolk

text: In terms of public transport, Sandringham is served by bus route 35 between King's Lynn and Hunstanton, operated by Lynx.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Georgios Samaras (, ; born 21 February 1985) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a striker.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras started his career at OFI Crete, before moving on to Eredivisie side Heerenveen in 2001. He made his first team debut two years later and after a further three seasons with the club he moved to Premier League club Manchester City for a fee of £6 million in 2006. After Sven-Göran Eriksson took over as manager Samaras fell out of favour with the first team. In January 2008 he was loaned out to Scottish Premier League team Celtic, moving on a permanent basis in the summer.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras helped Celtic win Scottish league championships in 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2014, totalling 74 goals in 249 competitive games. He left the club at the end of his contract in 2014 and returned to the Premier League with West Bromwich Albion, where he featured rarely and had an unsuccessful loan to Al-Hilal in Saudi Arabia. In March 2016, he joined North American Soccer League expansion team Rayo OKC, and when they shut down after one season he signed for Real Zaragoza.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Although eligible to play for Australia, because his father Ioannis Samaras was born in Melbourne, Samaras chose to represent his country of birth, Greece. He made his debut in 2006, and became a regular over the next eight years, earning 81 caps and scoring 9 goals. He represented his country at Euro 2008, the 2010 World Cup, Euro 2012 and the 2014 World Cup.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras was born in Heraklion, the capital city of the Greek island of Crete to a Melbourne-born father who settled back to Greece before Georgios birth. His grandfather Georgios was from Arnaia and also one of the founders of Australian side South Melbourne FC.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: His favourite footballer growing up was Marco van Basten. Samaras was also a keen basketball fan and his father, Ioannis Samaras, often let him stay up until the early hours of the morning so he could watch his hero Michael Jordan.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: In 1994, when he was 10 years old, Samaras joined his boyhood heroes, OFI Crete. His father was playing for them at the time and then retired in 1996. Six months later, he became Academy chief manager, a position he retained until 2000, when he became manager. Samaras credits his father highly with helping start his football career. His influence meant that Samaras trained every day of his childhood and he also got to spend a lot of time behind the scenes at OFI. Samaras left for Eredivisie club Heerenveen in 2001.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras broke into the Heerenveen team during the 2002–03 season, still aged only 18. He scored three goals in his first four appearances, all of which were from the bench. This form prompted Heerenveen activate a three-year extension clause in his contract.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras' first goal of the 2003–04 season came, on 25 October, in a shock 2–1 loss for Heerenveen against NEC Nijmegen. On 3 December, Samaras scored as Heerenveen beat ADO Den Haag 2–0. His next goal came 10 days later as he scored an equaliser to secure a draw 1–1 for Heerenveen against RBC Roosendaal. He then scored on 20 December, as Heerenveen beat Roda JC 2–1.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras' first goal of the 2004–05 season came on 11 September, in a 2–0 win over De Graafschap. He then scored a last-minute winner on 3 October, as Heerenveen secure all three points against ADO Den Haag. On 28 November, Samaras scored one of Heerenveen's goals as they staged a late comeback against title-chasing Feyenoord, and secured a 2–2 draw. He then scored on 22 January, as Heerenveen, who were performing very well in the Eredivisie, beat Den Bosch 2–1. On 12 March, Samaras scored an equaliser against RKC Waalwijk, but Heerenveen then conceded a late goal and fell to a 2–1 defeat. On 2 April, Samaras scored to help Heerenveen secure a shock 2–1 victory over Ajax. A fortnight later, Samaras scored the equaliser as Heerenveen came from behind to beat Vitesse Arnhem 3–1. This win moved Heerenveen up to fifth in the table. In the next match Samaras, along with Klaas-Jan Huntelaar, scored a hat-trick as relegation candidates RBC Roosendaal were defeated 7–1 and Heerenveen pushed to finish the league in a European spot.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: At the start of the 2005–06 season, Sevilla were reported to be interested in Samaras as a replacement for Júlio Baptista. While Arsenal were also looking at him after they had missed out on signing Baptista, some news organisations had reported that Arsenal had already signed Samaras and that he would join at the end of the season. However, the player's father, Ioannis Samaras said that this was untrue and that his son wanted to stay at the club for another year. Samaras scored on the opening day of the season, on 20 August, when he helped Heerenveen to a 5–4 victory over Roda JC. He picked up a minor leg injury in September, which ruled him out of Heerenveen's UEFA Cup tie against Baník Ostrava. But he returned to action on 23 September, and scored as Heerenveen beat NEC Nijmegen 2–1. On 14 December, Samaras scored as Heerenveen came back from behind to beat Levski Sofia 2–1 in the UEFA Cup. On 30 December, Samaras scored twice as Heerenveen beat Ajax 4–2. In January 2006, Arsenal and Manchester City showed interest in signing the striker. Samaras tried to get released from his contract after Heerenveen had rejected a bid from Manchester City. However, the Dutch arbitration commission ruled that he had no grounds to end his contract. Samaras scored 25 goals in 88 appearances for Heerenveen.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras moved to Manchester City on 30 January 2006 for a fee of £6 million, a record for a Greek player. He was given the number 20 shirt. Samaras made his debut for City on 1 February, as a 65th-minute replacement for Cole in a 3–0 home win against Newcastle United. His first goal for the club came in the following home match, against Charlton Athletic. The following month Samaras scored in a 2–1 home win against Aston Villa, to put City through to the quarter-finals of the League Cup. This was his fourth goal in six appearances. Samaras scored one further goal that season, in a 2–1 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras' first goal of the 2006–07 season came on 20 September, despite this, City lost 2–1 in the League Cup to League One side Chesterfield. Four days later, Samaras scored twice, as Manchester City beat West Ham United 2–0. City had won just three of their previous 16 games, and the club, as well as Samaras, had been receiving a lot of criticism from fans.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: In March, the "Daily Mirror" reported that the reason Manchester City were struggling so badly was that they didn't have any quality strikers. They went on say that the £6 million spent on Samaras looked like "very bad business" especially compared to the £2.5 million Blackburn Rovers had spent on Benni McCarthy. They also described Samaras as looking like a "fish out of water" as he struggled to adapt to the different style of play in England. On 10 March, defender Richard Dunne said that he felt the reason that City were performing so badly was that their foreign players, including Samaras, were letting the side down by not working hard enough. Samaras responded to his criticisms, by saying that he felt it was Pearce's fault that he wasn't playing well because the manager wasn't giving him a regular run of games. He also said that he felt a lot of criticism stemmed from his high transfer fee, saying that it is normal for expensive players to be criticised more than most when they don't play well. Samaras also said that he had come through tougher periods than this and his self-belief would not be shaken, he said that his desire was to become a Champions League player.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Sven-Göran Eriksson took over from Pearce for the 2007–08 season and, following a spending spree, Samaras was reportedly deemed surplus to requirements by the new manager. Samaras' agent Paul Koutsoliakos said that, despite interest from across Europe, his client wanted to stay in the Premier League and prove his ability. Samaras was linked with a £2.5 million move to Middlesbrough towards the end of the transfer window but ended up staying at City. Eriksson stated that although he was unimpressed with Samaras when he first joined, he felt the player had improved and adapted his style of play a lot during pre-season and that he now felt comfortable keeping him at the club.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras had been widely criticised, and even booed, by City fans at times during the previous season and Eriksson said that he hoped it would not happen again and that he appreciated why Samaras could have found it hard to play under those circumstances. Samaras was behind the likes of Valeri Bojinov and Rolando Bianchi in the pecking order and was included in the squad for the first time only on 25 September, when he was selected for a League Cup match against Norwich City. He started the match and scored a last-minute winner to put Manchester City into the quarter-final.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: By the time the January transfer window came, Eriksson had decided to sell Samaras, amongst others, to try and raise funds for the club. Birmingham City had chased him for several weeks and had a £2.5 million offer accepted, meeting Manchester City's valuation of the player, but they pulled out of the deal with a week of the transfer window remaining. Several teams including Rangers, Middlesbrough, Espanyol, Bolton Wanderers and Charlton Athletic had expressed an interest in signing him, but it was Celtic to whom he eventually moved.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras failed to get a regular place in the first team over the two years he was at Manchester City. Mainly used as a substitute, he scored 12 goals in 63 appearances for the Eastlands club.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: On 29 January 2008, Samaras signed for Scottish Premier League club Celtic on a six-month loan deal, with the club having an option to buy him at the end of his loan spell. He said that he wanted the move because he needed to be playing first team football to get into the Greece squad for Euro 2008. He also said that he was attracted to the fact that he would regularly be able to play in European competition with Celtic.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras was given the number 9 shirt and made his debut on 4 February, in a 5–1 win in the Scottish Cup over Kilmarnock. He scored the final goal of the game after coming on as a substitute. On 20 February, he came on as a substitute in Celtic's 3–2 defeat to Barcelona, this was his first ever Champions League match. A week later he scored the winner in a 2–1 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle to help Celtic keep up the pressure on league leaders Rangers. He then scored in Celtic's next match, a 2–0 win over Hibernian, after coming on as a substitute. Samaras' next goal came on 23 March, he again came on as a substitute and rounded off the scoring in a 3–0 win over Gretna. On 19 April, he scored the only goal of the game as Celtic beat Aberdeen 1–0, and moved to the top of the league for the first time in 2008. The next month, on 3 May, Samaras again came on as a substitute and scored the winner. His goal gave Celtic a 2–1 victory over Motherwell and kept up Celtic's late challenge for the league title. Celtic won the title on the last day of the season, 22 May, by beating Dundee United 1–0. Samaras came on as a late substitute and collected his first winners' medal after the match.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras' contribution in the second half of the season proved vital to Celtic winning the title, he scored several important goals which kept alive Celtic's faltering title hopes. His signing was also credited with reviving the previously underperforming Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: After his successful loan spell, Samaras left Manchester City on 15 July 2008 and signed a three-year contract with Celtic. Although the fee was not disclosed, it was reported to be between £1 million and £3 million. Samaras' first goals of the 2008–09 season came on 23 August. He scored twice as Celtic beat Falkirk 3–0. On 13 September, he scored another two goals as Celtic beat Motherwell 4–2. He scored twice again in Celtic's next match as they beat Kilmarnock 3–1. He then scored another two goals as Celtic beat Livingston 4–0 and advanced to the League Cup quarter-final. He was named SPL Player of the Month for September, at this point he was also the top scorer with seven goals.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras suffered a knee cartilage injury in mid-October, after a successful operation he was expected to be out for a month. This meant he would be likely to miss crucial Champions League ties against Manchester United and Aalborg. He returned earlier than expected and was back in training on 9 November, having missed seven games. Samaras returned to action on 12 November, coming on as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Kilmarnock. On 25 November he started against Aalborg but did not play well and missed several chances as Celtic lost 2–1. This loss consigned Celtic to a bottom place finish in their group.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: His first goals of the new year came on, on 4 January, as he scored twice against Dundee United. However, this was not enough for a victory and the match finished 2–2. Although he did not start in the League Cup Final due to poor form, he did come on as a substitute as Celtic beat Rangers 2–0 and won the trophy. Samaras scored twice on 4 April, as Celtic beat Hamilton Academical 4–0. Celtic lost the title on the last day of the season. Samaras scored 17 goals, with 15 of them coming in the SPL. This made him the third top scorer behind Kris Boyd and team mate Scott McDonald.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Celtic manager Gordon Strachan left at the end of the season and was replaced by Tony Mowbray. On 5 August, Samaras scored in injury time of Celtic's Champions League third qualifying round tie against Dynamo Moscow. This goal won Celtic the tie, 2–1 on aggregate, and helped them to their first European away win in six years. Celtic then drew English Premier League club Arsenal, but lost 5–1 on aggregate and subsequently dropped into the Europa League. On 13 December, Samaras scored in Celtic's 3–2 win over Motherwell, this was his fifth goal in the club's previous four matches. He scored in Celtic's 2–1 defeat against Hearts on 19 December. This left Celtic four points behind rivals Rangers going into Christmas. From February onwards, Samaras was mainly played out of position on the left of midfield.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Celtic endured a dismal season, culminating in a humiliating 2–0 loss to lower league Ross County in the semi-final of the Scottish Cup. Samaras missed a chance to equalise in that match when the score was only 1–0 to County, and he was amongst several players publicly criticised by caretaker manager Neil Lennon. Samaras finished the season with 10 league goals and 12 in all competitions.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras began the 2010–11 season in good form, scoring his first goal in a Europa League tie against FC Utrecht with a chest down and finish to make it 2–0, sending Celtic into the second leg with a lead. On 22 September 2010, he scored a hat-trick in a 6–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the League Cup. However, the goals then dried up with Samaras failing to score again in 2010.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: He then produced a match-winning performance against Rangers at Ibrox on 2 January 2011. He was selected as a lone striker and scored both Celtic goals in a 2–0 victory. His first goal came from latching onto a Joe Ledley pass before rounding Rangers goalkeeper Allan McGregor and slotting home from a wide angle. His second came after he won a penalty which he converted to secure the victory. His efforts in this game won him Goal.com's "World Player of the Week" Award. In the following game, a Scottish Cup tie against Berwick Rangers, Samaras again started but failed to last the 90 minutes after sustaining a hamstring injury. Samaras had an influential performance in a 3–0 home victory against Rangers in the SPL on 20 February, helping to set up the second goal for Gary Hooper and causing problems for the opposition throughout the game.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: On 16 March, Samaras captained Celtic for the first time in a 2–1 Scottish Cup win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle at the Caledonian Stadium. Two days later, he signed a new deal to keep him at Parkhead until the summer of 2014. Celtic drew 0–0 with Rangers on 24 April 2011 in the final Old Firm league fixture of the season, with Samaras missing a penalty kick late in the second half. The draw kept Rangers one point ahead of Celtic in the league, and the Ibrox club went on to win the league by one point despite Celtic's emphatic 4–0 win over Motherwell in the final league game of the season (Samaras scoring Celtic's second goal in that game). Samaras did end the season with silverware though, playing a week later in Celtic's 3–0 win over Motherwell in the Scottish Cup Final.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: On 3 November 2011, Samaras started against Rennes in a Europa League match at Celtic Park. Celtic won the match 3–1 with Samaras getting two assists. He drew plaudits for his much noticed work-rate and determination during the match. Samaras then started the next match against Motherwell in the SPL and set up another goal for Anthony Stokes, Celtic went on to win the match 2–1 after being 1–0 down. Samaras went on to score his first goal of the 2011–12 season in a 5–0 win over St Mirren. Manager Neil Lennon said that; "He got his goal, which we've been waiting on a long time. His play was fantastic. He is a talent and all we are asking for is consistency. He has shown everyone today what he is capable of when he is in full flow. The rest took a leaf from his book." After an impressive performance in Celtic's 1–1 draw against Italian league leaders Udinese, fellow Serie A side Palermo expressed an interest in Samaras. He had been playing as a left midfielder in the previous few weeks, and the "Daily Record" said that his good form since returning to the team had helped re-ignite Celtic's season. On 24 December, Samaras started as a striker and scored twice as Celtic beat Kilmarnock 2–1.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: On 8 August, Samaras scored his 50th Celtic goal in the 2–0 away victory over HJK Helsinki in the second leg of the Champions League third qualifying round. On 21 August, Samaras assisted Kris Commons' opening goal in the Champions League play-off round first leg away at Helsingborgs and then scored himself later in the match. He scored a dramatic late winner in a 2–3 win against Spartak Moscow in the Champions League group stage.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras became the first player in Celtic history to score in five consecutive away matches in Europe, with headed goals in 2–1 defeats to Barcelona and Benfica adding to his goals against Spartak Moscow, Helsingborgs and HJK Helsinki. Samaras is also credited for helping Celtic qualify from the group stage, providing the assist for Hooper's opening goal in the final game against Spartak at Parkhead and then winning the foul for the penalty that Commons converted to clinch the win required that night.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras scored an overhead kick in a 2–0 win at Dundee on Boxing Day 2012. In March 2013, Samaras was substituted on as Aberdeen led Celtic 3–1 at Celtic Park, and his overhead kick completed the comeback as he made it 4–3 in the 94th minute of the match.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Over the course of the season, Samaras captained Celtic on several occasions, including the opening league match against Aberdeen and also in the away leg of Celtic's last-16 Champions League tie against Juventus. Samaras finished the season with more silverware as Celtic clinched their second successive league title and then defeated Hibs 3–0 in the Scottish Cup Final. Samaras did not start, however was subbed on later in the match, replacing Kris Commons in the 76th minute.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: Samaras started the 2013–14 season with a goal against NIFL Premiership club Cliftonville in the Champions League second qualifying round, and made it two goals in two matches as he scored in the return leg with a header in a 2–0 victory. Celtic won the tie 5–0 on aggregate. Celtic knocked out Elfsborg in the next round, before playing Shakhter Karagandy in the final qualifying round. Trailing 2–0 from the first leg away in Kazakhstan, they rallied in the return match at Parkhead. Samaras scored early in the second half, adding to Commons' goal just before half time, to level the tie on aggregate. A last minute goal from James Forrest clinched the aggregate win and saw the club once again progress to the group stages. Samaras played in all six group games, but only scored once, away against Barcelona in a 6–1 defeat. He continued to feature regularly in domestic games for Celtic, but was often used as a substitute. He scored a hat-trick on 28 September away against Kilmarnock in a 5–2 win. Samaras only scored another three league goals after that, including a goal from a penalty kick in his final appearance for the club on 11 May 2014, a 3–1 win at home against Dundee United.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: The same day, Samaras confirmed that Celtic would not offer him a new deal when his current contract expired at the end of the season, leaving him as a free agent.


title: Georgios Samaras

text: On 22 August 2014, Samaras completed a free transfer move to English Premier League side West Bromwich Albion on a two-year contract. He failed to secure a regular place in the team and by January 2015 had made only eight substitute appearances, all without scoring.