text: Australia continued its participation at the 2017 contest following their success the previous year. On 7 March 2017, at the Paris Cat Jazz Club in Melbourne, SBS announced former "X Factor Australia" winner Isaiah Firebrace as Australia's entry. With the song "Don't Come Easy", Isaiah participated in the first semi-final on 9 May, then qualified for the final on 13 May in which Australia placed 9th.


title: Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest

text: Australia competed in the 2018 contest, selecting Jessica Mauboy as the artist to represent the country with "We Got Love". Although this continued Australia's track record of perfect attendance in the final (a record it shared with Ukraine until their first ever non-qualification in 2021), it was the first instance of them not finishing in the top ten, ending in 20th place with 99 points, only nine of which came from the televote, the first time that Australia finished last in the televote.


text: In 2019, it was announced that for the first time, Australian viewers would be given the opportunity to choose their Eurovision representative. The "Eurovision - Australia Decides" national final took place on 9 February 2019, with a 50/50 say between an Australian jury and a televote to determine who would represent the country at the 2019 contest. "Eurovision – Australia Decides" was hosted in Gold Coast, Queensland by Myf Warhurst and Joel Creasey. The winner was Kate Miller-Heidke with the song "Zero Gravity". Runners-up Electric Fields were selected as the Australian jury spokespersons. At the contest in Tel Aviv, Israel, Australia went on to finish 9th in the final, after winning the first semi-final.


text: SBS announced it would host "Eurovision – Australia Decides – Gold Coast 2020" to choose their representative for the 2020 contest. The event was held on the Gold Coast from 7–8 February, and Montaigne with "Don't Break Me" emerged as the winner. Following the cancellation of the 2020 contest, SBS internally selected Montaigne to represent Australia in the 2021 contest, this time with "Technicolour". For the first time since its 2015 debut, Australia failed to qualify for the final, finishing 14th in the first semi-final with 28 points.


text: "Eurovision – Australia Decides" returned to select the Australian entry for the 2022 contest. The show took place on 26 February, and was won by Sheldon Riley with the song "Not the Same". At the contest in Turin, Italy, Australia went on to finish in 15th place in the final with 125 points, after finishing in second place in the second semi-final with 243 points.


text: The public broadcaster of each participating country in the Eurovision Song Contest assigns a head of delegation as the EBU's contact person and the leader of their delegation at the event. The delegation, whose size can greatly vary, includes a head of press, the contestants, songwriters, composers and backing vocalists, among others.


text: A five-member jury panel consisting of music industry professionals is made up for every participating country for the semi-finals and final of the Eurovision Song Contest, ranking all entries except for their own country's contribution. The juries' votes add 50% to the overall result alongside televoting.


text: Although not actively participating at the Eurovision Song Contest prior to the 2014 semi-final interval presentation, Australia has appeared in the contest incidentally in a number of ways:


title: Ida Engvoll

text: Ida Engvoll (born 6 October 1985) is a Swedish actress. She has appeared in more than fifteen films since 2009.


title: Ida Engvoll

text: Engvoll was born in Söderhamn Municipality, Sweden, and grew up in Stråtjära in Hälsingland. She received theater and music-oriented education at Torsbergsgymnasiet in Bollnäs, attended Wendelsberg Folk High School, and studied classical music at Birkagården (the residential academy founded by Natanael Beskow).


title: Ida Engvoll

text: Engvoll then studied at the Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting from 2007 to 2010. She also worked as co-editor of the theater theoretical anthology "Att gestalta kön" ("To shape gender") at that time.


title: Ida Engvoll

text: Engvoll has played several acclaimed roles at Stockholm City Theater since 2010 and has also been active at the Royal Dramatic Theater and played in several films and TV series. She is known for starring in TV4's film adaptations of Åsa Larsson's series of books about lawyer Rebecca Martinsson. In 2015 she starred in the film "A Man Called Ove."


title: Portcullis

text: A portcullis (from Old French "porte coleice", "sliding gate") is a heavy vertically-closing gate typically found in medieval fortifications, consisting of a latticed grille made of wood, metal, or a combination of the two, which slides down grooves inset within each jamb of the gateway.


title: Portcullis

text: Portcullises fortified the entrances to many medieval castles, securely closing off the castle during time of attack or siege. Every portcullis was mounted in vertical grooves in the walls of the castle and could be raised or lowered quickly by means of chains or ropes attached to an internal winch.


title: Portcullis

text: Portcullises had an advantage over gates in that they could be closed immediately at a time of crisis by a single guard.


title: Portcullis

text: Often, two portcullises to the main entrance would be used. The one closer to the inside would be closed first, and then the one farther away. This was used to trap the enemy, and often, burning wood or fire-heated sand would be dropped onto them from the roof or murder-holes. Hot oil, however, was not commonly used in this manner, contrary to popular belief, since oil was extremely expensive. Arrowslits in the sides of the walls enabled archers and crossbowmen to kill the trapped group of attackers.


title: Portcullis

text: In England, working portcullises survive at the Tower of London, Monk Bar, York and Hever Castle, Kent and at the hotel conversion, Amberley Castle. In Scotland, there is a working portcullis at Edinburgh Castle.


title: Portcullis

text: The portcullis was the heraldic badge of the House of Beaufort, and the first Tudor king, Henry VII, who was of matrilineal Beaufort descent, adapted both the portcullis and the Tudor rose into Royal badges of the House of Tudor. Since then, the portcullis has been a moderately common motif of English heraldry, especially that heraldry dating from the Tudor period. The heraldic office of Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary, a junior officer of arms in the College of Arms at London, dates from this period.


title: Portcullis

text: It is through Lord Charles Somerset, son of The 5th Duke of Beaufort, that the portcullis has found its way into several South African coats of arms. Somerset established several towns during his governorship at the then Cape Colony and named them for his family. These include Worcester, Somerset West, Fort Beaufort and Beaufort West. Institutions that derive the portcullis from these arms include a school, chamber of commerce and a rugby club. Other (approximately 30) South African coats of arms that include a portcullis are not necessarily related to either Lord Charles Somerset or any of the towns named for and by him.


title: Portcullis

text: Although the Palace of Westminster served as the official royal residence for both Henry VII and Henry VIII until 1530, the current use of the portcullis as a symbol of the Palace and of Parliament does not date from that time. Rather, the symbol was developed as part of Sir Charles Barry's plans for the rebuilt Palace after the original burned down on 16 October 1834; he conceptualized the new Palace as a "legislative castle", and the symbol of a castle gate—i.e. a portcullis—fitted well with the scheme.


title: Portcullis

text: Since then, the portcullis has become the primary symbol of Parliament; an office building for Members of Parliament (MPs), opened in 2001, is named "Portcullis House". During the 20th century, use of the portcullis as a symbol of Parliament spread beyond Britain and to the other Commonwealth realms; for instance, the coat of arms of Canberra features a portcullis in its crest, preserving a connection between the British Parliament at Westminster and the Australian Parliament to which Canberra is home.


title: Portcullis

text: The badge, Coat of Arms and Flag of the Canada Border Services Agency all include a portcullis, symbolising the agency's role as Her Majesty's agents responsible for the border services of Canada. A portcullis was previously found on the British one penny coin and on the pre-decimal thrupenny bit; this has since been replaced by a section of the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. It was also featured in the now-defunct HM Customs and Excise in the United Kingdom and still appears in the rank insignia for the various grades of commissioner in the Australian Border Force.


title: End user

text: In product development, an end user (sometimes end-user) is a person who ultimately uses or is intended to ultimately use a product. The end user stands in contrast to users who support or maintain the product, such as sysops, system administrators, database administrators, Information technology (IT) experts, software professionals and computer technicians. End users typically do not possess the technical understanding or skill of the product designers, a fact easily overlooked and forgotten by designers: leading to features creating low customer satisfaction. In information technology, end users are not "customers" in the usual sense—they are typically employees of the customer. For example, if a large retail corporation buys a software package for its employees to use, even though the large retail corporation was the "customer" which purchased the software, the end users are the employees of the company, who will use the software at work.


title: End user

text: Certain American defense-related products and information require export approval from the United States Government under the ITAR and EAR. In order to obtain a license to export, the exporter must specify both the end user and the end use for undertaking an end-user certificate. In End-User License Agreements (EULAs), the end user is distinguished from the value-added reseller, who installs the software or the organization who purchases and manages the software. In the UK, there exist documents that accompany licenses for products named in the end user undertaking statements(EUU).


title: End user

text: End users are one of the three major factors contributing to the complexity of managing information systems. The end user's position has changed from a position in the 1950s (where end users did not interact with the mainframe; computer experts programmed and ran the mainframe) to one in the 2010s where the end user collaborates with and advises the management information system and Information Technology department about his or her needs regarding the system or product. This raises new questions, such as: Who manages each resource?, What is the role of the MIS Department? and What is the optimal relationship between the end-user and the MIS Department?.


title: End user

text: The concept of "end-user" first surfaced in the late 1980s and has since then raised many debates. One challenge was the goal to give both the user more freedom, by adding advanced features and functions (for more advanced users) and add more constraints (to prevent a neophyte user from accidentally erasing an entire company's database). This phenomenon appeared as a consequence of "consumerization" of computer products and software. In the 1960s and 1970s, computer users were generally programming experts and computer scientists. However, in the 1980s, and especially in the mid-to-late 1990s and the early 2000s, everyday, regular people began using computer devices and software for personal and work use. IT specialists needed to cope with this trend in various ways. In the 2010s, users now want to have more control over the systems they operate, to solve their own problems, and be able to change, customize and "tweak" the systems to suit their needs. The apparent drawbacks were the risk of corruption of the systems and data the users had control of, due to their lack of knowledge on how to properly operate the computer/software at an advanced level.


title: End user

text: For companies to appeal to the user, they took primary care to accommodate and think of end-users in their new products, software launches, and updates. A partnership needed to be formed between the programmer-developers and the everyday end users so both parties could maximize the use of the products effectively. A major example of the public's effects on end-users requirements were the public libraries. They have been effected by new technologies in many ways, ranging from the digitalization of their card catalog, the shift to e-books, e-journals and offering online services. Libraries have had to undergo many changes in order to cope, including training existing librarians in Web 2.0 and database skills, to hiring IT and software experts...


title: End user

text: The aim of end user documentation (e.g., manuals and guidebooks for products) is to help the user understand certain aspects of the systems and to provide all the answers in one place. A lot of documentation is available for users to help them understand and properly use a certain product or service. Due to the fact that the information available is usually very vast, inconsistent or ambiguous (e.g., a user manual with hundreds of pages, including guidance on using advanced features), many users suffer from an information overload. Therefore, they become unable to take the right course of action. This needs to be kept in mind when developing products and services and the necessary documentation for them.


title: End user

text: Well-written documentation is needed for a user to reference. Some key aspects of such a documentation are:


title: End user

text: At times users do not refer to the documentation available to them due to various reasons, ranging from finding the manual too large or due to not understanding the jargon and acronyms it contains. In other cases, the users may find that the manual makes too many assumptions about a user having pre-existing knowledge of computers and software, and thus the directions may "skip over" these initial steps (from the users' point of view). Thus, frustrated user may report false problems because of their inability to understand the software or computer hardware. This in turn causes the company to focus on “perceived” problems instead of focusing on the “actual” problems of the software.


title: End user

text: In the 2010s, there is a lot of emphasis on user's security and privacy. With the increasing role that computers are playing in people's lives, people are carrying laptops and smartphones with them and using them for scheduling appointments, making online purchases using credit cards and searching for information. These activities can potentially be observed by companies, governments or individuals, which can lead to breaches of privacy, identity theft, by, blackmailing and other serious concerns. As well, many businesses, ranging from small business startups to huge corporations are using computers and software to design, manufacture, market and sell their products and services, and businesses also use computers and software in their back office processes (e.g., human resources, payroll, etc.). As such, it is important for people and organizations to need know that the information and data they are storing, using, or sending over computer networks or storing on computer systems is secure.


title: End user

text: However, developers of software and hardware are faced with many challenges in developing a system that can be both user friendly, accessible 24/7 on almost any device and be truly secure. Security leaks happen, even to individuals and organizations that have security measures in place to protect their data and information (e.g., firewalls, encryption, strong passwords). The complexities of creating such a secure system come from the fact that the behaviour of humans is not always rational or predictable. Even in a very-well secured computer system, a malicious individual can telephone a worker and pretend to be a private investigator working for the software company, and ask for the individual's password, a dishonest process called "phishing". As well, even with a well-secured system, if a worker decides to put the company's electronic files on a USB drive to take them home to work on them over the weekend (against many companies' policies), and then loses this USB drive, the company's data may be compromised. Therefore, developers need to make systems that are intuitive to the user in order to have information security and system security.


title: End user

text: Another key step to end user security is informing the people and employees about the security threats and what they can do to avoid them or protect themselves and the organization. Underlining clearly the capabilities and risks makes users more aware and informed whilst they are using the products.


title: End user

text: Even if the security measures in place are strong, the choices the user makes and his/her behaviour have a major impact on how secure their information really is. Therefore, an informed user is one who can protect and achieve the best security out of the system they use. Because of the importance of end-user security and the impact it can have on organisations the UK government set out a guidance for the public sector, to help civil servants learn how to be more security aware when using government networks and computers. While this is targeted to a certain sector, this type of educational effort can be informative to any type of user. This helps developers meet security norms and end users be aware of the risks involved.


title: End user

text: Reimers and Andersson have conducted a number of studies on end user security habits and found that the same type of repeated education/training in security "best practices" can have a marked effect on the perception of compliance with good end user network security habits, especially concerning malware and ransomware.


title: End user

text: End user undertaking (EUU) is a document saying who the user is, why they are using a product and where they live (or where they work). This document needs to be completed and signed by a person in a position of authority who is in the end user business. All documents should be in English or if not so accompanied by a valid English translation. Usually the EUU is sent together with the product license.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: Bosco is the stage name of Chris Constantino, an American drag performer who competed on season 14 of "RuPaul's Drag Race" in 2022.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: Constantino was raised by musicians in Great Falls, Montana. She received formal dance training at a young age.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: Constantino performed in drag for the first time in 2018. Bosco co-hosts a weekly drag show at Queer Bar in Seattle, Washington.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: In 2022, she competed on season 14 of "RuPaul's Drag Race". She performed a burlesque routine for the opening episode's talent show. In the fifth, ninth, and thirteenth episodes of the season, Bosco won the main challenges, winning three cash prizes of US$5,000.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: In episode ten, the Snatch Game, Bosco portrayed Gwenyth Paltrow, was one of the queens to land in the bottom seven, and thus participated in a lip-sync tournament which took place the following episode. She lost two lip syncs, one against Willow Pill to "Never Too Much" by Luther Vandross and one against Lady Camden to "Don't Let Go (Love)" by En Vogue. In the final lip sync, she went up against Jasmine Kennedie to "Swept Away" by Diana Ross, and won.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: In the twelfth episode, Bosco landed in the bottom two alongside Jorgeous and had to lip sync to "Heartbreak Hotel (Hex Hector Remix)" by Whitney Houston. She lost the lip sync but was saved after she received the Gold Bar (a twist introduced in the third episode where each queen was assigned a chocolate bar and whoever had a bar which contained a golden ticket wrapped inside would be saved from elimination). This allowed Bosco to stay in the competition. In the subsequent episode, Bosco won the main challenge, which was a roast of Ross Mathews.


title: Bosco (drag queen)

text: Constantino has lived in Seattle since 2015. Constantino uses "she" and "they" pronouns out of drag and "she" in drag. She came out as a transgender woman in February 2022, having begun her transition after filming "Drag Race".


title: YJ-12

text: The YJ-12 is an air-launched missile that resembles a lengthened Kh-31 and is close in shape to the GQM-163 Coyote aerial target.


title: YJ-12

text: A 2011 article in the United States Naval War College Review credited the "YJ-91/YJ-12" with a range of 400 km and a 205 kg high explosive warhead, compared to the range of a Harpoon anti-ship missile. Furthermore, an aircraft could launch the "YJ-91/YJ-12" while still 230 km beyond the range of SM-2 and Sparrow anti-air missiles, which have ranges of less than 170 km. According to Chinese sources, the YJ-12 has a speed of around Mach 2 if launched from low altitude and up to Mach 3.2 if launched from high altitude, with a maximum range of around depending on launch altitude; terminal attack altitude is 15 meters. In a September 2014 article published in Joint Forces Quarterly, the missile was credited with a range of up to 250 km and a speed of Mach 2.5. In February 2015, military expert Li Li claimed the YJ-12 has a warhead and a range of when traveling at Mach 3, or 400 km at a speed of Mach 4. The YJ-12 can also do evasive maneuvers to avoid anti-missile threats.


title: YJ-12

text: A saturation attack by YJ-12's fired at long range would pose a grave threat to American carrier strike groups; once the wave of sea-skimming missiles appeared over the horizon and was detected by ships' own sensors, they would only have some 45 seconds to engage before impact and if there were enough, short range defenses would be overwhelmed. Given that fighters such as the Su-30MKK and J-11B have a combat radius of about 1,500 km, equipping them with the YJ-12 gives them a potential strike range out to . The U.S. Navy's counter is to use the Cooperative Engagement Capability to detect and destroy the YJ-12's launch aircraft with SM-6 missiles and fighters at long range before they can be fired.


title: YJ-12

text: It has been test-launched from Xian H-6 bombers and will be fitted on the JH-7B. Reportedly, they may also be launched from the J-10, Su-30MKK, the J-11 and J-16, For warships, it equips the Type 051B destroyer and PLAN overhauled Sovremenny-class destroyer.


title: YJ-12

text: In August 2000, the Chinese unveiled a model of an air-launched missile labelled as the YJ-91, resembling the French Air-Sol Moyenne Portée. Later, a similar looking missile was seen that may have been designated as the YJ-12. Jane's reported that a YJ-12A was supposedly in development in 2004. The YJ-91 designation ultimately went to the Chinese development of the Russian Kh-31. The YJ-12 ultimately resembled a lengthened Kh-31.


title: YJ-12

text: The YJ-12 appeared at the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, indicating that the missile had entered active service since all weapons showcased during the parade are actively inducted prior to the parade.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: Silent Hill HD Collection is a 2012 video game compilation of remastered video game ports of "Silent Hill 2" and "Silent Hill 3" developed by Hijinx Studios for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles. "Silent Hill 2" centers on widower James Sunderland who travels to the titular town after receiving a letter from his dead wife, while "Silent Hill 3" is a direct sequel to the first "Silent Hill" game and focuses on Heather Mason, a teenager who finds herself in conflict with the town's cult. Both games are categorized as survival horror and share gameplay elements with each other. Published worldwide by Konami beginning with North America in March 2012, the compilation features a graphics overhaul, new voice acting, and Xbox achievements and PlayStation trophies.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: The "Silent Hill HD Collection" was in development for more than two years. The development team had to work with incomplete source code provided by Konami, as the published source code had not been archived. This consequently resulted in their having to fix technical issues both arising from porting the two games and those that the original development team had previously dealt with. An arrangement was eventually reached between the original voice actors of "Silent Hill 2" and Konami to allow for an option to have the original voice acting present in "Silent Hill 2"s port, although the "Silent Hill 3" port does not have that option. Critics were divided over the "Silent HD Collection", particularly in regards to its updated graphics and voice acting. Some enjoyed it as an updated presentation of two favorably regarded games, while others criticized the quality of the compilation, citing the technical issues.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: The "Silent Hill HD Collection", a compilation of the high-definition remastered video game ports of "Silent Hill 2" (2001) and "Silent Hill 3" (2003), spent more than two years in development. "Silent Hill 2" follows widower James Sunderland as he journeys through the fog-shrouded town of Silent Hill after receiving a letter from his dead wife. "Silent Hill 3", in contrast, is a direct sequel to the first "Silent Hill" game, centering on Heather Mason, a teenager who finds herself entangled in a plot to revive an evil god. Both games belong to the survival horror genre and as such, their gameplay elements overlap. Access to the various environments within the games' worlds is limited, and progression through a particular area or building generally entails finding the relevant keys, which are sometimes obtained after solving a puzzle; puzzles often take the form of riddles and sometimes consist of gathering various items to help solve them. "Health" restoratives and a limited range of weapons and ammunition to fight off various hostile creatures can be obtained. Both games have multiple endings available. The "Silent Hill HD Collection" featured 720p resolution, a , a frame rate of 30 frames per second, achievements for Xbox Live, and trophies for PlayStation Network.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: Because the original source code for "Silent Hill 2" and "3" had not been preserved, the development team at Hijinks Studio had to work with the incomplete code provided by video game publisher Konami, which was not the code from the published games. Thus, the team had to simultaneously handle technical issues arising from porting the two games as well as those which the original development team had previously fixed; some of those problems included Heather turning blue. Furthermore, the team examined game textures that were present in the original games but not seen by the players, and highlighted them in the remaster; among the previously unseen textures and details are scratches on walls and clues to the games' puzzles. Masahiro Ito, the art director for "Silent Hill 2" and "3", has speculated that the games' translucent textures, such as those used for the fog, might have proven difficult for the hardware of the PlayStation 3 to handle.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: New voice actors were brought in to re-record dialogue from both games, directed by Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, who had previously provided vocals for various soundtracks in the "Silent Hill" series. Because the games kept the original animations, the voice actors had to sync their vocal performance with the lip motions done by the previous voice actors. Guy Cihi, who had provided the original voice and motion capture for James Sunderland in "Silent Hill 2"s original release, refused to allow Konami to re-use his voice work in the remaster because he believed that the company owed him residuals for his performance. Troy Baker, the new voice actor for James Sunderland, disputed this, arguing that residuals for voice acting in video games were unheard of in Japan. Eventually, an arrangement between Konami and the original voice actors of "Silent Hill 2" was reached to provide an option for the original voice acting on the remastered port of "Silent Hill 2"; "Silent Hill 3", however, did not have that option, with "technical and logistical" difficulties cited.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: During the production of the "Silent Hill HD Collection", senior associate producer Tomm Hulett was the target of harassment by a small portion of the "Silent Hill" fanbase, being blamed as the source of everything perceived as wrong in the series, including lost source code, the inclusion of new voice acting in the "Silent Hill HD Collection", and that "" was a dungeon crawler.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: The compilation was officially announced by Konami at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in 2011, with an expected release date later that fall. Although the game was initially revealed as a PlayStation 3 (PS3) exclusive, Konami later added an Xbox 360 port that would also be published on the same day as the PS3 release. The release date was later pushed back to March 2012, slated to be published alongside two other upcoming installments in the franchise, "" and "Silent Hill: Book of Memories". The compilation was published on March 20 in North America, on March 29 in Japan, on March 30 in Europe, and on April 5 in Australia. Only the PS3 edition was published in Japan. A patch to address some of the game's technical issues, including the frame rate, issues with the fog, and audio-syncing, was released for the PS3 edition in July 2012; a patch for the Xbox 360 version was proposed but later canceled in August. The compilation was made backwards compatible for the Xbox One in July 2018.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: The "Silent Hill HD Collection" received "mixed or average" reviews on both consoles, according to rating aggregator Metacritic. Several reviewers voiced their opinion that the title of the collection was misleading, as it actually contained only two games from the franchise and excluded "", "" and the first "Silent Hill" game, particularly given that the first two had appeared on the PlayStation 2 console as well. The updated visuals were a point of contention among reviewers: some wrote that the absence of fog in the remastered "Silent Hill 2" revealed previously hidden textures and technical limitations of the game to its detriment; the updates to "Silent Hill 3", which did not depend on the effects of the fog as much, were generally better received. In contrast, other reviewers enjoyed the updated visuals. Glitches and issues with the frame rate were also noted.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: The new voice acting drew a range of responses. Some critics praised it as a general improvement over the originals, while others expressed more mixed feelings about it. Issues with the audio syncing with the character animations was remarked on, and some critics wrote that the subtitles had not been updated to reflect the few changes made to the script. The absence of bonus material drew criticism from some reviewers as well.


title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: Overall, opinions on the compilation were mixed. Some enjoyed it as a nicely updated port of two well-regarded games, while others recommended it despite technical faults. Other reviewers wrote that the quality of the compilation was lacking, especially in comparison to other recently released remastered compilations, such as the "Metal Gear Solid HD Collection".


title: Julia Phillips

text: Julia Phillips (née Miller; April 7, 1944 – January 1, 2002) was an American film producer and author. She co-produced with her husband Michael (and others) three prominent films of the 1970s — "The Sting", "Taxi Driver", and "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" — and was the first female producer to win an Academy Award for Best Picture, received for "The Sting".


title: Julia Phillips

text: In 1991, Phillips published an infamous tell-all memoir of her years as a Hollywood producer, titled "You'll Never Eat Lunch in This Town Again", which became a bestseller.


title: Julia Phillips

text: She was born Julia Miller to a Polish-Jewish family in New York City, the daughter of Tanya and Adolph Miller. Her father was a chemical engineer who worked on the Manhattan Project; her mother was a writer who became addicted to prescription drugs. She grew up in Brooklyn; Great Neck, New York; and Milwaukee. In 1965, she received a bachelor's degree in political science from Mount Holyoke College, and in 1966, she married Michael Phillips. After school, she worked as book section editor at the "Ladies' Home Journal" and then as a story editor for Paramount Pictures. In 1971, she and her husband, who had been a securities analyst for two years, moved to California to produce "Steelyard Blues" with Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland, released in 1973.


title: Julia Phillips

text: In 1972, Phillips along with her husband Michael Phillips and producer Tony Bill commissioned David S. Ward to write the screenplay for "The Sting", for $3,500. In 1973, "The Sting" won the Academy Award for Best Picture and made Phillips the first woman to win an Oscar as a producer (an award shared by Tony Bill and Michael Phillips). In 1977, "Taxi Driver", produced by the Phillipses, was nominated for Best Picture. "Close Encounters of the Third Kind", her third major film, was produced with Michael Phillips. François Truffaut, one of the film's stars, publicly criticized Phillips as incompetent, a charge she rejected, writing that she essentially nursed Truffaut through his self-created nightmare of implied hearing loss, sickness and chaos during the production. Phillips was also a notorious drug user (cocaine especially), which she chronicled in detail in her memoirs. The side-effects of cocaine addiction caused her to be fired from "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" during post-production. Periods of drug abuse, gratuitous spending and damaging boyfriends took their toll over the next few years.


title: Julia Phillips

text: Phillips's early work in a producing team with her husband continues to receive acclaim within the industry. Twenty-five years after its Oscar success, "The Sting" was inducted into the Producers Guild of America's Hall of Fame, granting each of its producers a Golden Laurel Award. In June 2007, "Taxi Driver" was ranked as the 52nd-best American feature film of all time by the American Film Institute. In December 2007, "Close Encounters" was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.


title: Julia Phillips

text: In 1991, Phillips published "You'll Never Eat Lunch in This Town Again" about her experiences in Hollywood. The book topped the "New York Times" bestseller list, but its revelations about high-profile film personalities, Hollywood's drug culture, and casting couch sensibilities drew ire from many former colleagues. Her follow-up book "Driving Under the Affluence" was released in 1995. It was mostly an account of how the success of her first book changed her life. In 2000, she also helped Matt Drudge write his "Drudge Manifesto".


title: Julia Phillips

text: Phillips died from cancer at her home in West Hollywood, California, on New Year's Day 2002, at the age of 57, and was interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. She had one daughter, Kate Phillips-Wiczyk, who is married to Modi Wiczyk, co-founder of independent film and television studio Media Rights Capital.


title: Roman Syria

text: Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great.


title: Roman Syria

text: Following the partition of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea into tetrarchies in 6 AD, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis.


title: Roman Syria

text: Syria was annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC, when Pompey the Great had the Seleucid king Antiochus XIII Asiaticus executed and deposed his successor Philip II Philoromaeus. Pompey appointed Marcus Aemilius Scaurus to the post of Proconsul of Syria.


title: Roman Syria

text: Following the fall of the Roman Republic and its transformation into the Roman Empire, Syria became a Roman imperial province, governed by a Legate. During the early empire, the Roman army in Syria accounted for three legions with auxiliaries who defended the border with Parthia.


title: Roman Syria

text: In 6 AD Emperor Augustus deposed the ethnarch Herod Archelaus and united Judea, Samaria and Idumea into the Roman province of Judea; such province was placed under the direct authority of the Legate of Syria Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, who appointed Coponius as Prefect of Judea. Following the death of Herod Philip II (34 AD) and the removal of Herod Antipas (39 AD) Ituraea, Trachonitis, Galilee and Perea were also transferred under the jurisdiction of the province of Syria.


title: Roman Syria

text: From 37 to 41 AD much of Palestine was separated from Syria and transformed into a client kingdom under Herod Agrippa I. After Agrippa's death, his kingdom was gradually re-absorbed into the Roman Empire, until it was officially transformed into a Roman province following the death of Herod Agrippa II.


title: Roman Syria

text: Syrian province forces were directly engaged in the First Jewish–Roman War of 66–70 AD. In 66 AD, Cestius Gallus, legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on Legio XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order in Judaea and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and destroyed by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership. The future emperor Vespasian was then put in charge of subduing the Jewish revolt. In the summer of 69, Vespasian, with the Syrian units supporting him, launched his bid to become Roman emperor. He defeated his rival Vitellius and ruled as emperor for ten years when he was succeeded by his son Titus.


title: Roman Syria

text: Based on an inscription recovered from Dor in 1948, Gargilius Antiquus was known to have been the governor of a province in the eastern part of the Empire, possibly Syria, between his consulate and governing Asia. In November 2016, an inscription in Greek was recovered off the coast of Dor by Haifa University underwater archaeologists, which attests that Antiquus was governor of the province of Judea between 120 and 130, possibly prior to the Bar Kokhba revolt.


title: Roman Syria

text: "Hadrian stationed an extra legion in Judaea, renaming it Syria Palaestina." This was following the defeat of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in 135 AD. The Syria-based legion, Legio III Gallica, took part in the quelling of the revolt in 132–136, and in the aftermath, the emperor Hadrian renamed the greatly depopulated province of Judea and its extra legion "Syria Palaestina".


title: Roman Syria

text: Septimius Severus divided the province of Syria proper into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenice, with Antioch and Tyre as their respective provincial capitals.


title: Roman Syria

text: From the later 2nd century, the Roman Senate included several notable Syrians, including Claudius Pompeianus and Avidius Cassius.


title: Roman Syria

text: Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the Crisis of the Third Century. In 244 AD, Rome was ruled by a native Syrian from Philippopolis (modern day Shahba) in the province of Arabia Petraea. The emperor was Marcus Iulius Philippus, more commonly known as Philip the Arab. Philip became the 33rd emperor of Rome upon its millennial celebration.


title: Roman Syria

text: Roman Syria was invaded in 252/253 (the date is disputed) after a Roman field army was destroyed in the Battle of Barbalissos by the King of Persia Shapur I which left the Euphrates river unguarded and the region was pillaged by the Persians. In 259/260 a similar event happened when Shapur I again defeated a Roman field army and captured the Roman emperor, Valerian, alive at the Battle of Edessa. Again Roman Syria suffered as cities were captured, sacked and pillaged.


title: Roman Syria

text: Following the reforms of Diocletian, Syria Coele became part of the Diocese of the East. Sometime between 330 and 350 (likely c. 341), the province of "Euphratensis" was created out of the territory of "Syria Coele" along the western bank of the Euphrates and the former Kingdom of Commagene, with Hierapolis as its capital.


title: Roman Syria

text: After c. 415 "Syria Coele" was further subdivided into "Syria I" (or "Syria Prima"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and "Syria II" ("Syria Secunda") or "Syria Salutaris", with capital at Apamea on the Orontes. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province "Theodorias" out of territory from both provinces.


title: Roman Syria

text: The region remained one of the most important provinces of the Byzantine Empire. It was occupied by the Sasanians between 609 and 628, then reconquered by the emperor Heraclius, but lost again to the advancing Muslims after the Battle of Yarmouk and the fall of Antioch.


title: Roman Syria

text: The city of Antioch was reconquered by Nikephorus Phocas in 963, along with other parts of the country, at that time under the Hamdanids, although still under the official suzerainty of the Abbasid caliphs and also claimed by the Fatimid caliphs. After emperor John Kurkuas failed to conquer Syria up to Jerusalem, a Muslim "reconquest" of Syria followed in the late 970s undertaken by the Fatimid Caliphate that resulted in the ouster of the Byzantines from most parts of Syria. However, Antioch and other northern parts of Syria remained in the empire and other parts were under the protection of the emperors through their Hamdanid, Mirdasid, and Marwanid proxies, until the Seljuk arrival, who after three decades of incursions, conquered Antioch in 1084. Antioch was captured again during the 12th century by the revived armies of the Comnenii. However, by that time the city was regarded as part of Asia Minor and not of Syria.


title: Roman Syria

text: Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Syria Prima (I) listed in the "Annuario Pontificio" as titular sees:


title: Roman Syria

text: Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda (II) listed in the "Annuario Pontificio" as titular sees:


title: The Ellen DeGeneres Show (season 19)

text: The nineteenth and final season of "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" (subtitled as Ellen: The Farewell Season) began airing on September 13, 2021 and concluded on May 26, 2022.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: A rigid inflatable boat (RIB), also rigid-hull inflatable boat or rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RHIB), is a lightweight but high-performance and high-capacity boat constructed with a rigid hull bottom joined to side-forming air tubes that are inflated with air to a high pressure so as to give the sides resilient rigidity along the boat's topsides. The design is stable, light, fast and seaworthy. The inflated collar acts as a life jacket, ensuring that the vessel retains its buoyancy, even if the boat is taking on water. The RIB is an evolutionary development of the inflatable boat with a rubberized fabric bottom that is stiffened with flat boards within the collar to form the deck or floor of the boat.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The combination of rigid hull and large inflatable buoyancy tubes had been conceived by a Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) team working under Inspector of Lifeboats Dag Pike in 1964 as a means of reducing the wear and tear of the fabric bottoms of the existing inflatable inshore lifeboats. Although working versions were built, the plywood rigid hulls were not strong enough and broke up in waves.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: Development of the RIB was originally undertaken by students and staff at Atlantic College in South Wales, under the direction of retired Navy Admiral Desmond Hoare, who headed the school, which opened in 1962. A series of experimental and prototype solutions for effectively combining a hard hull form with an inflated fabric sponson lasted for over a decade. The RIB craft developed at Atlantic College served as an effective seafront activities safety and rescue boat for the college's fleet of sailing dinghies on the often challenging Bristol Channel, and the college went on to become an Inshore Lifeboat Station for the RNLI in 1963, carrying out countless rescues over the next 50 years.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The RNLI's "B-Class Atlantic Inshore Lifeboat" (including the Atlantic 21, the Atlantic 75, and Atlantic 85) was named in honor of the college's role in its development. The Atlantic College Lifeboat Station was decommissioned by the RNLI in 2013. The video RIB History at UWC Atlantic College provides a visual historical summary.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: In 1964, Rear-Admiral Hoare and his students at Atlantic College replaced the torn bottom of their sailing activity rescue inflatable boat with a plywood sheet glued to the inflatable tubes. This proved a successful modification but was rather uncomfortable at speed offshore, and so the hull was rebuilt with a shallow-vee bow entry transitioning to a nearly flat section stern. This boat was named "Atlanta" and later that year an Atlantic College RIB was displayed at the London Boat Show.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: By 1966 the students had built a further five rigid inflatable boats – the "Aphrodite" and "Triton" for the college's own use, and the "X1" and "X2" which were made under a development agreement with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) and were launched in 1965 by Queen Elizabeth II. They were taken by the RNLI for trials at Gorleston ("X1") and Great Yarmouth ("X2") from which they returned to Atlantic College in Spring 1967. "X3" was an experimental vortex-lift hull funded by a private developer and was not greatly successful.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: By that time Hoare had concluded that for the conditions under which they operated a boat of around long was optimum which led to "X4" (launched 1966), "X5" and "X6" (launched 1967), and "X7" to "X8" (launched 1968). These boats were used to support the college's sailing activities and also to fulfil the college's responsibility as an inshore lifeboat station for the RNLI – a responsibility it discharged up until 2013. At the same time, work started on a smaller series of beach-launchable boats, – ft long, designated "MX1"–"MX6") to support lifeguards on local beaches.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: All the above boats’ hulls were built from plywood. In summer 1968, student Paul Jefferies designed and constructed a hull ("X10") from fiberglass, which was not a success due to lack of strength. However that development led to the building of "Psychedelic Surfer", a twin-engined RIB, for John Caulcutt, Graeme Dillon and Simon de’Ath to race in the 1969 Round Britain Powerboat Race, in which it was one of the few boats to finish.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: From that time, the RNLI transferred development to its research centre in Cowes, who took the Atlantic College designs and developed from them the "Atlantic 21" class of inshore lifeboats which entered service from 1970 through 2007. Atlantic 21-class lifeboat provides a class history of this vessel.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The first commercially saleable RIB was introduced in 1967 by Tony and Edward Lee-Elliott of Flatacraft, and patented by Admiral Desmond Hoare in 1969 after research and development at Atlantic College.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The first commercial RIB is believed to be the Avon Rubber "Searider" which was launched at the January 1969 London Boat Show.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The 108th Engineering Heritage Award by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers was presented to UWC Atlantic College on 30 July 2017 by Carolyn Griffiths, President of the IMeche, for its development of the X Alpha Rigid Inflatable Boat.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: In the mid-1970s Avon tubes for two 21-foot RHIBs were ordered by the recently opened sister school of Atlantic College that had been established on the west coast of Canada, the Lester B. Pearson United World College of the Pacific, at Pedder Bay near Race Rocks, British Columbia in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Three former Atlantic College students built the first hull during the summer of 1974. Three more graduates who likewise were trained as RNLI inshore lifeboat coxswains worked at the school during its inaugural year and coached some Pacific College students to build and operate the two boats, which were referred to as X-27, propelled by twin outboard engines and X-28, propelled by inboard-outboard stern drive.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: During summer, the college loaned their fast rescue craft to the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) on the west coast, which was introducing rigid inflatables into its then new summer seasonal inshore rescue boat service operation. Meanwhile, CCG inshore rescue stations on the Great Lakes were started up utilizing 5.4 metre (18 ft) Avon Seariders in the late 1970s. The CCG's inshore rescue boat crews included university students during the summer, in part due to the success of the student crews operating these ever-buoyant rescue craft at the Atlantic and Pearson Colleges.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The first inflatable boat manufacturer in the Southern Hemisphere is Lancer Industries Ltd, of Auckland, New Zealand in 1971. The founder Chris Marks had visited Europe and brought the concept to NZ. He pioneered many of the initial inflatable boat construction and material methods. Lancers innovate designs and engineering approach to inflatable design still applies and the company holds many patents. Lancer is noted for manufacturing large RIBs, in 1987 it provided tubes for a 17m RIB and then 19 the late 1990s Protector (Rayglass) of New Zealand built two 20m RIB support boats for the Americas Cup which were tubes by Lancer.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: In 1976 Steve Schmidt introduced the RHIB concept to New Zealand under the brand Naiad. While it was slow to be accepted for the first few years, it gained momentum with Police, Rescue, marine farmers and Government agencies.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The Naiad RHIB developed by Steve Schmidt differed from the existing RHIB designs in two ways. It had a twin skin, incorporating an air retaining inner and a robust replaceable outer. These were held in place by tracks. This system allowed for easy removal of the outer or inner for repair or replacement. The other feature was the unusually deep variable V hull with extreme turned down chines aft.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: In 1978 the demand grew for more protection in the form of an integral cabin and outboard well to better protect the crew in adverse conditions. Though basic to start with cabins soon became popular and more sophisticated. Naiad were one of the early pioneers in designing RHIBs and models range from 2.5m to 23m.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: In the 2010s, the traditional RHIB was reimagined using High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as the hull material. HDPE, an engineered polymer, possesses a number of properties which make it a superior marine construction material for RHIB's. Of note, it absorbs vibration leading to a quieter, more comfortable ride, with less slamming load transferred to operators. HDPE does not corrode, or suffer from electrolysis, reducing maintenance costs and increasing operational availability. It was the PFG Group, of Hobart, Tasmania, the pre-eminent HDPE boat builders in the Southern Hemisphere who recognised and applied the advantages into RHIB construction. In partnership with One2Three Naval Architects, Stuart Downham of PFG developed a range of RHIB designs and builds which have such significantly favourable characteristics in the water, that the future of RHIB's and high performance small water craft will shift towards HDPE as the preferred hull material.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: In 1979, Gemini Marine based in Cape Town started building RIBs for the local market. Early on they joined forces with the NSRI and started to design and build rescue craft for the South African Sea Rescue Institution.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: RIBs are commonly four to nine metres (13 to 28 ft) long, although they can range in length between 2.5 and 18 metres (7.5 and 55 ft). A RIB is often propelled by one or more outboard motors or an inboard motor turning a water jet or stern drive. Generally the power of the motors is in the range of .


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: RIBs are used as rescue craft, safety boats for sailing, dive boats or tenders for larger boats and ships. Their shallow draught, high maneuverability, speed and relative immunity to damage in low-speed collisions are advantages in these applications.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: RIBs up to about seven metres in length can be towed on trailers on the road; this, coupled with their other properties, is making them increasingly attractive as leisure craft.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: RIBs are designed with planing hulls. Due to their low weight, RIBs often outperform some types of similarly sized and powered boats.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: RIBs can also generally cope better with rougher seas, although this may be partially due to an increased level of confidence in knowing that a RIB is hard to sink, and better absorption of heavy loads by the flexible tubes, which therefore make heavy seas less unpleasant.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The maximum speed of the RIB depends on its gross weight, power, length and profile of hull, and sea conditions. A typical seaborne RIB, with six passengers, engines, in Beaufort force 2 is very likely to have a top speed of around . High-Performance RIBs may operate with a speed between , depending on the size and weight.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: Uses include work boats (supporting shore facilities or larger ships) in trades that operate on the water, military craft, where they are used in patrol roles and to transport troops between vessels or ashore, and lifeboats.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The hull is made of steel, wood, aluminium, or more commonly, a combination of wood for the structure and glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) composite for the shaped and smooth surface. Some manufacturers also weave Kevlar into the GRP sheets for extra strength. The hull of a RIB is shaped to increase the performance of the boat in the water by optimising its hydroplaning characteristics. "Deep-V" hulls cut through waves easily but require greater engine power to start planing than "shallow-V" hulls, which plane at lower speed but with a more uncomfortable ride. As with the design of most boat hulls they represent a compromise of different design characteristics. Modern "all round" RIB hulls combine a deep v hull at the bow which flattens out to present a broad planing pad. This is a flat area on the rear of the hull designed to allow the boat to have a stable surface to plane on.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The tubes are usually constructed and then partitioned with separate chambers to reduce the effect of a puncture, each with a valve to add or remove air and more recently pressure release valves. Larger boats (7m+) have six or more chambers with a valve and pressure release for each chamber. The more chambers a boat has the more redundancy the boat is considered to have. This is because if only one chamber is damaged then the impact the damage has on the boat is much less. In recent years tubes tend to be fitted with both valves and pressure relief valves as temperature increases the air inside the tube expands and the pressure release valves will open. This prevents the tubes bursting from overpressure. Common materials for the tubes are Hypalon and PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), though some manufacturers use PU (Polyurethane).


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: Tubes made of hypalon (csm/cr) are easy to manufacture and can be repaired with simple puncture repair kits. Hypalon (csm) is not airtight and so must be combined with neoprene (cr) when used to build tubes. Tubes made with Hypalon and Neoprene layers can last up to twice as long as PVC tubes and have been known to last over 20 years. Hypalon is probably the most popular material used for the construction of RIBs manufactured in the UK.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: As a material for building tubes, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has the disadvantage of lacking flexibility. To make it supple, an additive is used with the polymer. This additive vaporizes as the material ages, making the PVC brittle and allowing it to crack. A PVC tube is the cheapest option and can last approximately 10–15 years.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: PVC does have some advantages, it is cheap, it can be welded, and it is guaranteed for longer than hypalon. PVC RIBs are usually very well made and with welded seams they are less prone to blowouts and leaks.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: A newer form of PVC has made its way in to production. Known as valmex it is said to have a blackout layer on the inside to reduce UV damage to the adhesives usually used to fix tubes to the hulls and various other parts.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: Tubes made of polyurethane (PU) are difficult to manufacture and are consequently not often used for RHIB construction. PU has an advantage of being very tough, it can be made knife-proof or bulletproof. Earlier PU had a disadvantage of aging quickly but newer types are much more resistant to degradation when exposed to ultraviolet-light. The issue with most of the older PU built RIBs is theUV rays and heat penetrate the fabric and, much like with PVC, destroy the adhesive bond. More recent fabrics are said to have a blackout layer to help combat UV rays.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: While PU tubes have been thermal welded, fittings and attachments will still usually be bonded using adhesives. A high-quality PU-made tube lasts over 20 years. PU tubes are often to be found on commercial RIBs, in applications where strength and durability are needed. Replacing the tubes when they wear out usually costs one third as much as the complete RIB.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: Larger RIBs can have hard-tops or wheelhouses made of GRP or aluminium. Wheelhouses offer protection from the elements to both the crew and passengers – and can also protect equipment such as suspension seats and navigation equipment. Some RIB manufacturers, particularly those popular in Ireland and the West Coast of Scotland provide optional canopies which form fabric and perspex wheelhouses but can be easily removed in good weather. Increasingly, RIBs are becoming available with small cabins (usually with accommodation for two people and in some cases sea toilets or chemical toilets), widening the application of RIBs as cruising craft.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: Seafari boats are set up to accommodate tourists for a typically smaller duration. Typical setups use jockey seating to accommodate passengers. Coding in the UK and the EU typically limits the number of passengers to 12 while in some countries, such as Poland, more seats are placed on the boat. Thrill rides are common with high speeds and turns adding to their lure.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: This is where the old damaged or worn out tube is removed and new tubes are fitted, this is common practice and are known to be replaced with new hypalon, pvc and Polyurethane Tubes however most commonly hypalon unless the boat has a slide on tube rail, luff system implemented.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: A foldable rigid inflatable boat has a 3-section articulated folding rigid hull. The hull sections have interlocking tabs and slots, held together by the pressure in the tubes. Once assembled it's difficult to tell they fold.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: A flying inflatable boat, or FIB, is a RIB with microlight-type wings and air propeller. "FIB" is used as a model name by Polaris Motor of Italy for their Polaris FIB.


title: Rigid inflatable boat

text: The amphibious rigid inflatable boat is designed with a four wheels drive system consisting of motorized, retractable and steerable wheels


title: Megan McKenna

text: Megan Elizabeth McKenna (born 26 September 1992) is an English television personality and singer. After making appearances on "Ex on the Beach" (2015–2016), she received wider attention for appearing on "Celebrity Big Brother" (2016) and "The Only Way Is Essex" (2016–2017). McKenna then launched her music career, releasing her debut studio album, "Story of Me" (2018), and she later went on to win "" (2019). Since her win, McKenna has continued to release music, as well as competed in the BBC series "Celebrity MasterChef" (2021).


title: Megan McKenna

text: McKenna was born on 26 September 1992 in Barking, London. In her autobiography, "Mouthy", McKenna explained that as a child, she was bullied at school. In order for her to attend the Arts Educational School to study musical theatre, her family relocated to Chiswick.


title: Megan McKenna

text: In 2016, McKenna revealed that she suffers from coeliac disease. In March 2016, she began dating "The Only Way Is Essex" cast member Pete Wicks, but the pair broke up in 2017. In 2022, McKenna authored a gluten-free cookbook, titled "Can You Make That Gluten-Free?".


title: Megan McKenna

text: In 2009, McKenna reached the semi-finals of third series of "Britain's Got Talent" as part of the music duo Harmony. In the same year, she appeared in an advertisement for the second series of "The Inbetweeners". McKenna appeared in an episode of "The Only Way Is Essex" in 2010, where she auditioned to be part of the girl group LOLA. As part of LOLA, she performed at T4 Stars of 2010. She also auditioned for "The X Factor" twice, making it to bootcamp each time.


title: Megan McKenna

text: In 2015, McKenna appeared on the third series of MTV reality series "Ex on the Beach". She returned to the programme for the fourth series, alongside Jordan Davies. She departed from "Ex on the Beach" early due to the death of her grandfather. She went on to become a housemate in the seventeenth series of "Celebrity Big Brother" in 2016. During her time in the house, she received a formal warning for using aggressive and threatening behaviour towards her fellow housemates. She was the fourth housemate to be evicted having received the fewest votes to save, spending a total of 18 days in the house. In March 2016, she joined "The Only Way Is Essex" as a full-time cast member. In May 2017, McKenna launched her own restaurant, "MCK Grill", in Woodford Green. Later in 2017, she released a range of hair extension pieces with Easilocks. McKenna made her final appearance on "The Only Way Is Essex" on 25 October 2017, expressing an interest in focusing on her music career.


title: Megan McKenna

text: In 2017, McKenna starred in her own reality series, "There’s Something About Megan". The series focused on McKenna travelling to Nashville to begin a career in country music. The series consisted of three episodes, and aired on ITVBe. After the series finale, McKenna launched her music career, releasing her debut extended play, featuring "High Heeled Shoes" and "Far Cry from Love". The two songs topped the British iTunes chart within 24 hours of their release, and on the UK Singles Chart, "High Heeled Shoes" peaked at number 43, with "Far Cry From Love" peaking at number 53.


title: Megan McKenna

text: In December 2017, McKenna embarked on her first headlining tour to promote the release of "High Heeled Shoes", which consisted of four dates, visiting The Sugarmill, The Venue, Palace Theatre and Scala. In July 2018, she supported Michael Bublé at the British Summer Time show at Hyde Park. On 26 July 2018, McKenna released her debut autobiographical book, "Mouthy", published by John Blake. The book topped the "Sunday Times" bestseller list. In August 2018, she released her debut clothing range, Studio Mouthy. This accompanied her makeup range, Mouthy Cosmetics. Later that month, McKenna took part in the first series of "Celebs on the Farm". She was eliminated second, finishing in seventh place. McKenna released her debut album "Story of Me" on 7 December 2018. The album peaked at number four on the UK Country Chart. From May 2019 to September 2019, McKenna embarked on the Story of Me Tour across the United Kingdom. In February 2019, she participated in the sixth series of the E4 reality series "Celebs Go Dating".


title: Megan McKenna

text: From October to November 2019, McKenna competed in the ITV series "" and was mentored by Louis Walsh. For her audition, she performed "Everything but You", a song from "Story of Me". On 30 November, she was crowned the winner of the competition with 46.3% of the final vote, which not only gave Walsh his third overall victory of the show but also won her a record deal with Syco.


title: Megan McKenna

text: In February 2020, McKenna began recording her second studio album, and later that month, it was announced that she is set to support Lionel Richie on the British leg of his 2021 tour. In August 2020, McKenna released a clothing range with online retailer In The Style. On 5 February 2021, McKenna announced that "This" would be released as a single on 19 February 2021. In April 2021, she was announced as a contestant on the BBC competition series "Celebrity MasterChef". She reached the final. On 28 May 2021, McKenna the song "Ruin Your Night", which was followed by "Won’t Go Back Again" on 24 September 2021.


title: Megan McKenna

text: In October 2021, McKenna announced the release of her second book. Titled "Can You Make That Gluten Free?", the book is a gluten free recipe book inspired by her coeliac diagnosis. On 19 November 2021, McKenna released her first original Christmas song called "Family at Christmas".


title: Megan McKenna

text: In June 2022, McKenna announced that she had parted ways with her record label. She revealed that her pop music releases with them had been heavily influenced by them, as they had preferred them to the country songs McKenna had instead wanted to release. Following the departure, she announced that she would be independently releasing a song a week, beginning with the single "Baby Talk" on 24 June 2022. Later that month, she performed at Glastonbury Festival, a moment she had "dreamt of" throughout her career.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A., formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica S.A. () and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A., is a Spanish-German wind engineering company based in Zamudio, Biscay, Spain. In Spain, the company has two other main sites one in Madrid and the other one in Sarriguren (Navarre). The Services Commercial Office is located in the "Parque de la Innovación de Navarra" in Sarriguren. It manufactures wind turbines and provides onshore and offshore wind services. It is the world's second largest wind turbine manufacturer.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: The company is notable for its SG 14.0-222 wind turbine, the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 Platform, as well as being the largest wind turbine in the world. Its main competition will be the General Electric Haliade-X and the MHI-Vestas V164.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Gamesa began operations in 1976 as Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A., focused at that time on developing new technologies and applying them to emerging activities. These included robotics, microelectronics, aeronautics and the development of composite materials. It was founded by Juan Luis Arregui and Joseba Mikel Grajales.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 1994, Gamesa Eólica was created as a subsidiary specializing in the manufacture of wind turbines. The company became involved in the development, construction and operations of wind farms in 1995 and completed its first wind farm the following year. Gamesa had a 7-year partnership with Vestas that ended in 2002.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: The corporation was officially listed on the stock exchange on 31 October 2000 and joined the selective IBEX 35 on 24 April 2001. In 2002, Gamesa acquired gearboxes manufacturer Echesa, generators manufacturer Cantarey, and converters manufacturer Enertrón.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Since 2006, the company has focused on technologies associated with sustainable energy, principally wind power. It has divested of its interests in aeronautics, which were sold off to form a new company known as Aernnova, and in services, which were sold off to form a new company known as Global Energy Services.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: As part of the United Kingdom's move to expand its production of offshore wind energy production, Gamesa has committed to the expenditure of £133.7 million on a production factory and other facilities in the UK, and will also move its offshore wind division headquarters to London.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In January 2014, Gamesa and French nuclear manufacturer Areva announced a preliminary deal to create a joint venture Adwen in the offshore wind power business.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2017, Areva sold its stake in Adwen to Gamesa, after the merger of Gamesa and Siemens Wind Power was announced.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: History of Siemens Wind Power A/S started in 1980, when Danish irrigation system manufacturer Danregn diversified into the windturbine business. Its first wind turbines were machines with rotor diameters of around with generator powers of . In 1981, the wind activities were separated into newly established company Danregn Vindkraft A/S, established by Peter Stubkjær Sørensen and Egon Kristensen in Brande, Denmark, with a capital of 300,000 kroner; the company's product was a , blade diameter turbine.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: The company changed its name from Danregn Vindkraft to Bonus Energy in 1983, an easier name for the English speaking North American market.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 1991, eleven 450 kW Bonus turbines were installed in the Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm, the first offshore wind farm in the world.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: The company sourced its first blades from Viborg based company Økær Vind Energi. Later it sourced blades from LM Wind Power. In the late 1990s Bonus began to develop its own blades, beginning production in the early 2000s in Aalborg.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Bonus A/S was sold to Siemens AG in 2004. The sales and project management headquarters moved to Hamburg, Germany in May 2009.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2006, Siemens acquired a former LM Glasfiber wind turbine blade factory in Engesvang, Denmark. In 2007, it constructed a blade factory in Fort Madison, Iowa, United States. A hub factory in Ølgod began production in 2008. A nacelle manufacturing plant was opened in Hutchinson, Kansas in December 2010. Additionally Bonus Energy sales and service partner company AN Windenergie GmbH in Bremen (Germany) was acquired in 2005.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In mid-2008 the company began testing of development prototypes of direct drive wind turbines; units based on the geared SWT-3.6–107 were installed in 2008 with a permanent magnet generator directly replacing the gearbox and alternator; Successful tests led to development of a new production design by 2009. A prototype of the new direct drive design, an IEC 61400 wind class IA, 3 MW machine (SWT 3.0–101 DD) was installed near Brande, Denmark in 2009. The 3 MW design was launched as a product in April 2010 and significantly reduced complexity (half the components) and lower nacelle weight than earlier 2.3 MW designs. A 2.3 MW version for lower wind speeds (SWT-2.3–113) was launched in 2011.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2010 Siemens Wind Power acquired 49% of A2SEA (an offshore wind farm installation company) from DONG Energy (now Ørsted A/S). In 2017, A2SEA was sold to GeoSea.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: A factory established in Linggang (Siemens Wind Power Blades (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.) near the Yangshan Deep Water Port began production in 2010. Additionally in December 2010 Siemens announced it would install a blade factory at an existing unused facility in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada. In early 2011 Siemens and ABP announced the development of a £210 million turbine assembly plant, and dock development at Alexandra Dock, in Kingston upon Hull, UK.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In May 2011 testing began of a prototype 6 MW direct drive design with a rotor, the design was launched as a product in November 2011. In 2013 Siemens announced a development of its 3.6 MW design, the SWT 4.0–130 which used a rotor of diameter 130m with 4 MW rated power. At the same time the company introduced new product platform codes for its products, with 'G' indicating geared drive, and 'D' indicating direct drive, suffixed by a number indicating an approximate power class. The four initial product ranges were Siemens G2, G4, D3 and D6.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In July 2012, the company agreed to supply DONG Energy with 300 direct drive, 75m blade, 6 MW SWT-6.0–154 turbines for the English offshore market from 2014. Two turbines are to be installed for testing at the Gunfleet Sands offshore wind farm. The value of the contract was estimated at over £2 billion. Prototype 6 MW machines were installed at the Gunfleet Sands 2 wind farm in 2013; with the first full scale commercial installation of 6 MW machines at the 210 MW Westernmost Rough wind farm in 2014.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In September 2012 Siemens Wind announced the lay off of 615 of a workforce of around 1650 workers in the United States, citing reduced demand for wind turbines due to uncertainty concerning future tax break incentives in the US for wind power. (see United States Wind Energy Policy.)


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In March 2014 Siemens and Associated British Ports (ABP) finalised the 2011 MOU to build a turbine factory in Hull, UK (Green Port Hull), and announced an additional facility near Paull, East Riding of Yorkshire, east of Hull which would manufacture rotor blades for turbines. In 2014 the planned factory at Paull was abandoned, with all production to be concentrated at the Alexandra dock site. Revised plans for the site submitted April 2015 included only a blade manufacturing factory at the site with no nacelle production.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2015 Siemens upgraded its 6 MW offshore design to a rated 7 MW power with a larger permanent magnet generator, and further to 8 MW in 2016. The first order for the 7 MW design was awarded in October 2015 for 47 turbines in the Walney 3 offshore.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In early 2015 Siemens announced it had reached agreements to build 2 GW of wind turbines in Egypt, and to construct a blade factory in that country, as part of a larger power generation agreement. The €8 billion, 16.4 GW energy development deal was signed in June 2015, including an approximate 1000 worker blade factory in Ain Soukhna and 12 wind farms (600 turbine, 2 GW) in the Gulf of Suez and west Nile areas of Egypt.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In August 2015 Siemens announced it was to construct a new nacelle manufacturing plant at Cuxhaven, Germany, an investment of £200 million. The plant was expected to become operational mid 2017, and employ 1000 people. A€100 million blade plant to be built in the Tanger Automotive City (near Tanger-Med port) in Morocco was announced in early 2016.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In February 2017 Siemens announced the closure of the Engesvang blade factory (Denmark), with the loss of 430 jobs, citing the plants inability to produce larger size blades.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: On 17 July 2016 Siemens and Gamesa announced their plan to merge their wind businesses, with the 59% stake of Siemens and the 41% stake of former Gamesa shareholders in the resulting company. Siemens paid €1 billion cash for its stake in Gamesa. The resultant company was headquartered in Spain, with an offshore operations headquartered in Hamburg, Germany and Vejle, Denmark. The combined business was the largest wind turbine manufacturer worldwide by installed capacity (~69 GW). The merger became effective on 3 April 2017.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2018, Siemens Gamesa won the wind turbine supply contract for the largest offshore wind farm in the world. It is a project of the Danish group Ørsted located in English waters, specifically 89 kilometers from the east of the coast, in which it will also carry out maintenance, and will install its SG 8.0-167 DD model turbines, with a total capacity of 1,386 MW. In the company's history, it is the largest project, ahead of Hornsea One (1,218 MW), also developed by Ørsted.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2019, Siemens Gamesa agreed to purchase Senvion's European service fleet for €200 million ($222 million). On 18 May 2021, the CNMV suspended Siemens Gamesa from trading while it considered a delisting.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: In 2022, Siemens Gamesa began partnering with Taiwan-based green material producer Swancor Holding Co., and signed an agreement to install 3GW of offshore wind power in Taiwan.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Siemens Wind has R&D, and production facilities in Brande, Denmark. Blade production is located in Aveiro (Portugal), Aalborg (Denmark), Tanger Automotive City (Morocco), Linggang (China), Fort Madison, Iowa (USA) and Tillsonburg, Ontario (Canada); with factories under construction or planned (2016) for Kingston upon Hull (UK) and Ain Soukhna (Egypt).


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Other established production sites included nacelle manufacture at Hutchinson, Kansas (USA, 1.6 GW). As of 2018 the new offshore nacelle plant has been opened at Cuxhaven (Germany). Another offshore nacelle plant opened in Taiwan in 2021.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Siemens acquired the first of two Roll-on/roll-off turbine transport ships in 2016, converted from a container ship, to reduce logistics costs. A telescopic roof also allows Lift-on/lift-off with cranes.


title: Siemens Gamesa

text: Siemens Gamesa is listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, the FTSE4Good Index which is concerned with corporate social responsibility on the KLD Global Climate 100 Index, and on the Global 100 Index of the 100 most sustainable companies in the world.


title: New Year's Six

text: The New Year's Six, sometimes abbreviated as NY6, is an unofficial but commonly used term used to describe the following NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) bowl games: the Rose Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Peach Bowl, and Fiesta Bowl. These games are played annually on or around New Year's Day and represent six of the ten oldest bowl games currently played at the FBS level.


title: New Year's Six

text: These six top-tier bowl games rotate the hosting of the two College Football Playoff (CFP) semifinal games, which determine the teams that play in the final College Football Playoff National Championship game. The rotation is set on a three-year cycle with the following pairings: Rose–Sugar, Orange–Cotton, and Peach-Fiesta. The National Championship game may be considered part of the New Year's Six, depending on context.


title: New Year's Six

text: Using the final CFP rankings, the selection committee seeds and pairs the top four teams and determines the participants for the other four non-playoff New Year's Six bowls that are not hosting the semifinals that year. These four non-playoff bowls are also referred to as the Selection Committee bowl games. These 6 games focus on the top 12 teams in the rankings; to date during the College Football Playoff era (2014–2020 football seasons), only 9 of the 84 teams selected by the committee have been ranked lower than 12th.


title: New Year's Six

text: Overall, 12 teams are selected each football season for these major, top-tier bowls. These are required to include the champions of the "Power Five" conferences (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, and SEC). In addition, the highest-ranked champion from the "Group of Five" conferences (The American, Conference USA, MAC, Mountain West, and Sun Belt) is guaranteed a berth if the group's top team is not in the playoff.


title: New Year's Six

text: The Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was a selection system that created five bowl game match-ups involving ten of the top ranked teams in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of college football, including an opportunity for the top two teams to compete in the BCS National Championship Game. The system was in place for the 1998 through 2013 seasons and in 2014 was replaced by the College Football Playoff. The four-team playoffs consist of two semifinal games, with the winners advancing to the College Football Playoff National Championship. If New Year's Day falls on a Sunday, the traditional New Year's Day games are played on January 2 in deference to the National Football League's week 17 games.


title: New Year's Six

text: In June 2012, the BCS conference presidents approved the College Football Playoff to replace the Bowl Championship Series. Three bowls—Rose, Sugar, and Orange—because of their contracts with Power 5 conferences, were selected to be part of the rotating semifinal playoff games, with three more bowls to be named. Because of issues about fairness and the Big East's BCS Automatic Qualifier conference status, conference commissioners began to consider accommodating the Group of Five leagues with a seventh participating bowl. On November 12, 2012, in Denver, the conference commissioners granted the top Group of Five conference champion a guaranteed slot in one of the six premier bowls. In July 2013, the Cotton Bowl Classic, the Fiesta Bowl, and the Chick-fil-A Bowl were selected as the other three rotating semifinal playoff bowls ahead of the Holiday Bowl. Also, the BCS conference commissioners meetings selected Cowboys Stadium as the first host of the College Football Playoff Championship Game on January 12, 2015.


title: New Year's Six

text: Three of the bowls have tie-ins with the specified conference champions in the years they're not hosting playoff semifinals:


title: New Year's Six

text: When the conference champion is unavailable, the bowls invite the next-best team from that conference. The Cotton, Fiesta, and Peach Bowls have no conference tie-ins; as such, the best conference champion from the Group of Five will play in one of those bowls if it doesn't qualify for the CFP semifinal.


title: New Year's Six

text: Games are listed in chronological order, with final CFP rankings, and win–loss records prior to the respective bowl being played.


title: New Year's Six

text: Starting with the 2024-25 season, with the expansion of the College Football Playoff, the four games not hosting the national semi-finals will instead host the national quarterfinals. While the Rose Bowl Game is contractually obligated to still be held on New Year's Day, the timing of the other three quarterfinals remains TBA. At least one other quarterfinal is expected to take place on New Year's Day.


title: New Year's Six

text: Conference USA and Sun Belt Conference have never appeared in the New Year's Six. <br> * In 2020, Notre Dame played as part of the ACC Conference due to COVID-19


title: New Year's Six

text: The Big 12 Conference and the "Group of Five" conferences have never appeared in the CFP National Championship.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Upside Down (French: Un monde à l'envers) is a 2012 English-language Franco-Canadian romantic science fantasy film written and directed by Juan Diego Solanas and starring Jim Sturgess, Kirsten Dunst and Timothy Spall.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Adam tells the story of his two-planet home world, unique with "dual gravity", allowing the two planets to orbit each other in extremely close proximity. Three immutable laws of gravity exist for this two-planet system:


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: The two societies are segregated by law. While the upper world (Up Top) is rich and prosperous, the lower (Down Below) is poor. Up Top buys cheap oil from Down Below and sells electricity back to Down Below at higher prices. Contact of Down Below people with Up Top ones is strictly forbidden, punishable by incarceration or death. People from Up Top regularly go Down Below to experience novelties like dancing on ceilings. The only official physical connection linking the two worlds is "Trans-world" company headquarters.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Adam lives in an orphanage in Down, with his only living relative being his great-aunt, who he visits every week. Her secret flying pancakes recipe uses pollen from pink bees which gather pollen from both worlds. The recipe has passed through generations and will be inherited by Adam.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: As a child, Adam secretly climbs a mountain that reaches very close to Up. There he meets Eden, a girl from Up and they develop a relationship. Meeting on the mountains, Adam uses a rope to pull Eden towards Down, and they head to the woods for a stroll. Discovered, Adam frantically releases Eden back to her world, catching a bullet in his arm and dropping her. Helpless, he watches Eden lying motionless on the ground as blood oozes from her head. When he returns home, his aunt Becky is arrested and her home burned.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Ten years later, Adam is developing an anti-gravity product which allows matter to respond to both gravitational fields at once, a cosmetic product for face-lifts. When he sees Eden on TV, he realises she is alive and working at Trans-world. Completing his formula and hired by Trans-world to develop the cream, Adam's plan is to find Eden in Trans-world. He becomes friends with Bob, a Trans-world employee from Up. Adam helps him obtain rare stamps from Down and Bob helps him contact Eden.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Bob gives Adam material to disguise himself as a worker from Up. Eden does not recognise him because of amnesia from the accident. Adam's clothes start to burn so he has to return to Down. Later on, Bob is fired but as he leaves, he secretly gives Adam his ID to help him exit the Trans-world building and into Up. Later, calling Eden through Bob's phone, Adam manages to get a date.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Meanwhile, as his cosmetic cream is very important for the company, Adam presents it in the lecture hall. When Eden enters and discovers his true identity, she flees. Adam runs to find her but Bob's ID, having been fired, lands him in trouble. He escapes to Bob's and he shows him that mixing liquids from both gravity fields can make a hybrid solution that resists both fields and simply floats between the two. Adam then reveals that he didn't give Trans-world the main secret ingredient of his compound, leaving the company unable to manufacture the product without him.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: With Bob's help, he goes back to the "Dos Mundos" restaurant where he had met with Eden and finds out she has begun to remember him. But the police arrive and he has to run. Upon returning to his planet, he goes to the mountain top where they had met, and she comes to meet him again as they had long ago. The police arrest Eden while Adam falls the remaining distance between worlds, surviving thanks to his inverse matter vest. Trans-world agrees to drop the charges against Eden if Adam gives them his formula and never contacts her again.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Adam returns to his old life, believing he will never see her again. But Eden goes to Bob for help. He finds Adam and shows him he can stay Down without the help of the opposite-matter accoutrements, using Adam's methods to negate the effect of gravity. Bob tells him he had purchased the beauty cream patent before Trans-world. Then tells Adam he has a "date".


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: The film ends with Eden revealing she has become pregnant with twins, and the camera zooms far out to reveal towering skyscrapers on both sides, showing that both sides have become prosperous, as well as children from both sides interacting through basketball.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: The film was released on 23 August 2012 in Russia, then on 15 March 2013 in the US, in a limited capacity (11 theaters initially). It was released in France on 27 March 2013 (Mauvais Genre Film Festival) and, more generally, on 1 May 2013 through the local branch of Warner Bros., while the distribution rights were bought by Millennium Entertainment for North America and by Icon for the United Kingdom.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: The French production company Studio 37 initially searched for an American co-producer, and received positive response from Hollywood representatives who read the screenplay. However, because of cultural differences, they decided to look for European partners instead, as they thought it would be essential for the project to be driven primarily by its director. The film was eventually produced by Studio 37, Onyx Films and the Montreal-based company Transfilm, for a budget of $50 million.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: "Variety" reported from the Cannes Film Market in 2009 that Kirsten Dunst and Emile Hirsch were in talks to play the film's two leading roles. A few months later the same magazine reported that Jim Sturgess had been cast instead of Hirsch.


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Principal photography started in Montreal in February 2010. Filming and post-production were located in the U.S. because of the country's low taxes for film productions. Producer Dimitri Rassam said: "We couldn't have made "Upside Down" without the French funding system but there was no way we could have shot [in France] because the tax rebate is not attractive enough."


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: "Upside Down" received a score of 27% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's consensus reads, "In spite of its wonderfully unusual premise and talented cast, "Upside Down" fails to offer much in the way of compelling drama to anchor its admittedly dazzling visuals." Metacritic reported the film had an aggregate score of 45/100 based on 22 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Mick LaSalle was one of several reviewers who admired the film's "brilliant" and "imaginative basis" while feeling ultimately disappointed, saying its "rich and bizarre premise is supported by fully realized visuals that make the fantastic real... it's all very enjoyable." However, he wrote, "The only problem is that, after creating the most wonderful fantastic frame, "Upside Down" doesn't devise a picture worthy of it. The story is serviceable. It starts small, and it stays small, even though the circumstances surrounding the story seem to cry out for something bigger."


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: "Wired" called the film "an odd and ultimately flawed mix": "If only the story were as original, or as strong, as the film's topsy-turvy look. Unfortunately, "Upside Down"...invests almost all of its cinematic capital in gravity-defying eye candy." "The Star-Ledger" also had a mixed reaction, with its reviewer praising the "wonderful visual shock" and its "marvelous sense of space and style" and writing, "Solanas' idea is a pretty audacious one, visually. A political one too, as it turns out that for generations the upper world (think Northern Hemisphere) has been getting fat exploiting the resources of the lower one (think Southern Hemisphere)," but concluding that the film "doesn't really develop its story, or its themes."


title: Upside Down (2012 film)

text: Frank Scheck found the film confusing, saying, "You practically need an advanced degree in physics to fully comprehend the convoluted physical machinations depicted in "Upside Down", Juan Solanas' dizzyingly loopy sci-fi romance. Depicting the Romeo and Juliet-style romance between lovers from twin planets with opposite gravitational pulls, this head-scratcher boasts visual imagination to spare even as its logistical complexities and heavy-handed symbolism ultimately prove off-putting."


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Carlos Augusto Soares da Costa Faria Carvalhal (; born 4 December 1965) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a centre-back, currently manager of La Liga club RC Celta de Vigo.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: As a player, he totalled 197 Primeira Liga appearances in service of six clubs, including two spells each at Braga and Chaves, as well as a single game for Porto.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: In a managerial career of over two decades, Carvalhal led eight teams in Portugal's top flight, including Braga twice, winning the Taça de Portugal in 2021. He reached the same final with Leixões in 2002 and won the Taça da Liga with Vitória de Setúbal in 2008. Abroad, he had spells in Greece, Turkey, England, Wales, the United Arab Emirates and Spain.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Born in Braga, Carvalhal represented mainly his hometown's S.C. Braga during his career. In the 1987–88 campaign, in one of his three spells at the club, he had one of his best years in the Primeira Liga, appearing in 34 games and only being booked seven times, even though the Minho team could only finish in 11th position.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Immediately afterwards, Carvalhal joined FC Porto, but was released after only one year, going on to represent in the following nine seasons – until his retirement at the age of 32 – S.C. Beira-Mar, Braga, F.C. Tirsense, G.D. Chaves and S.C. Espinho.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Carvalhal began managing at his last club Espinho, in the Segunda Liga, being dismissed early into his second year. In 2002, he became the first coach in the country to take a team in the third division to the UEFA Cup, after leading Leixões S.C. to the final of the Taça de Portugal. Two years later, he helped Vitória F.C. back to the top flight, which prompted his move to a side in that tier, C.F. Os Belenenses.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Carvalhal was sacked by Belenenses early into 2005–06, after five defeats in eight games. He met the same fate with the two teams he coached the following season, Braga and S.C. Beira-Mar. With the latter, he was dismissed in December 2006 after the Aveiro club signed a cooperation deal with Inverfutbol, a Spanish-based sporting company, in a relegation-ending campaign.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Returning to Setúbal for 2007–08, Carvalhal enjoyed his best year as a manager. He led the "Sadinos" to the sixth position in the league – with the subsequent UEFA Cup qualification and with the team posting one of the best defensive records in Europe that year – and victory in the inaugural edition of the Taça da Liga, against Sporting CP.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: In May 2008, Carvalhal accepted the first foreign job of his career at Asteras Tripolis F.C. of Super League Greece, signing a two-year contract worth an annual salary of €500,000. He left by mutual consent in November with the club in 12th, having been warned by compatriot José Peseiro about the precarious nature of management in the Mediterranean country.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Carvalhal returned to Portugal and joined C.S. Marítimo, only winning one match in 11 but with the Madeira side finishing comfortably in mid-table. He was relieved of his duties late into the year 2009, moving to Sporting in mid-November to replace the fired Paulo Bento.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: As originally intended, Carvalhal left his post at the end of the season, with Sporting finishing in fourth position, 28 points behind champions S.L. Benfica.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: On 2 August 2011, Carvalhal was appointed caretaker manager in Beşiktaş J.K. of Turkey, as incumbent Tayfur Havutçu resolved his legal issues stemming from the 2011 Turkish sports corruption scandal. At the start of the following April, with the team trailing Galatasaray S.K. by 20 points and him having fallen out with compatriot star player Ricardo Quaresma, he was relieved of his duties and replaced by his predecessor.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Remaining in the same city, Carvalhal was appointed at İstanbul Başakşehir F.K. also of the Süper Lig in May 2012. He resigned on 12 November, as they were in 14th place.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: On 30 June 2015, after nearly three years of inactivity, Carvalhal was appointed head coach of English Championship club Sheffield Wednesday. He led the team to sixth position in his debut campaign and, subsequently, qualified them for the play-offs, ultimately losing in the play-off final at Wembley. Another notable achievement in his first season in England was ousting Arsenal in the fourth round of the Football League Cup, with a 3–0 victory.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: In May 2017, after leading Wednesday to a fourth-place league finish, Carvalhal became the first Portuguese to win the EFL Championship Manager of the Month award. He subsequently coached them to the play-offs, where they were defeated by Huddersfield Town on penalties.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Carvalhal left by mutual consent on 24 December 2017, as the side ranked in the lower half of the table.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: On 28 December 2017, four days after leaving Sheffield Wednesday, he moved to the Premier League with Swansea City following the sacking of Paul Clement the previous week. His first game in charge took place late in the month, and he led his team to a 2–1 away win over Watford, led by compatriot Marco Silva. After two consecutive league home victories against Liverpool (1–0) and Arsenal (3–1), he was nominated for his first Premier League Manager of the Month award for the month of January.


title: Carlos Carvalhal

text: Carvalhal returned to Portugal one year later, being named Rio Ave FC's coach, In his only season, he led the team from Vila do Conde to Europa League qualification in fifth place, along with a best-ever points tally of 55.