title: Adrián González

text: In 2012, David and Alba González were named George and Barbara Bush Little League Parents of the Year. In November 2012, González was honored as one of 30 "exemplary citizens" by the mayor of Tijuana in an official ceremony.


title: Adrián González

text: González was projected to be a late first-round pick out of Eastlake High School in Chula Vista, California; however, his stock increased with his senior-year performance. In his senior year, he hit .645 with 13 home runs and 34 runs batted in.


title: Adrián González

text: In June 2000, González became the first infield position player to be drafted first overall since Alex Rodriguez in 1993. He was given a $3 million signing bonus by the Florida Marlins. While in the Marlins organization, González played with the Gulf Coast League Marlins, Kane County Cougars, Utica Blue Sox, Portland Sea Dogs (2002), Albuquerque Isotopes (2003), and Carolina Mudcats (2003). With the Single-A Kane County Cougars in his second professional season, González hit .312 with 17 home runs and 103 RBIs in 127 games. As a result, he was selected by the Midwest League as its Most Valuable Player and Prospect of the Year. He also played in the All-Star Futures Game.


title: Adrián González

text: After a wrist injury, the Marlins felt González would be hindered swinging the bat, so they included González in a June 2003 trade with the Texas Rangers, along with Ryan Snare and minor leaguer Will Smith, to acquire relief pitcher Ugueth Urbina to aid their championship drive. González played with the Rangers' Class-AA team, the Frisco RoughRiders, until he made his major-league debut against the Seattle Mariners on April 18, 2004. He was hitless in three at-bats. He recorded his first base hit on April 20 against Ramón Ortiz of the Anaheim Angels and his first home run on April 25 off Kevin Jarvis of the Seattle Mariners. He played in 16 games for Texas in 2004 and in 43 games in 2005, with a combined batting average of .229 and 7 homers.


title: Adrián González

text: After the season, González was traded to the San Diego Padres along with pitcher Chris Young and outfielder Terrmel Sledge. In return, the Rangers received Adam Eaton and Akinori Otsuka. Originally seen as an eventual replacement for Ryan Klesko at first base, González was given the job when Klesko underwent shoulder surgery.


title: Adrián González

text: With extended playing time at first base in 2006, González continued to improve his hitting and defense. On July 23, 2006, he was named the NL Player of the Week. In his first full season, he led the Padres in batting average (.304) and home runs (24). He was the first player in Petco Park history to have more than one multiple home run game. He was named the Padres MVP for 2006.


title: Adrián González

text: On March 31, 2007, González agreed to a $9.5 million, four-year deal, with a club option for $5.5 million in 2011. In the 2007 season, he led the Padres in home runs again, with 30, and had a team-high 100 RBIs. He led all Major League first basemen with 161 games and a career-high 46 doubles.


title: Adrián González

text: In the 2008 season, González finished with a .279 average and once again led the Padres with 36 home runs and 119 RBIs. He was elected to the 2008 MLB All-Star Game as a reserve. He went 1 for 3 with a single and a sacrifice fly, scoring Miguel Tejada of the Houston Astros. He won his first Gold Glove Award in 2008 at first base. González set career highs in games played (162), home runs (36), RBI (119), runs scored (103), walks (74), and slugging percentage (.510). He was named the Padres MVP for the second time.


title: Adrián González

text: González played winter ball in the Mexican Pacific League with the Venados de Mazatlán. In the 2009 Caribbean Series, he led his team past the Dominican Republic's Tigres del Licey with a record-setting 3 home runs on February 4.


title: Adrián González

text: González hit 23 homers, leading Major League Baseball in that category through May 2009 despite playing his home games at Petco Park, which Padres statisticians describe as an "extreme pitcher's park." On May 18, González was described as being one of the two most underrated players in the National League according to a poll of Major League executives and managers conducted by MLB.com. On June 1, González was named the NL Co-Player of the Week for the second time in his career. During that week, González hit four home runs, tallied 10 RBIs, and had a 1.000 slugging percentage. González was elected to the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game after voting by fellow players, managers and coaches. He subsequently participated in that year's Home Run Derby where he hit two home runs in the first round. On August 1, González finished 6-for-6 with three RBI as the Padres topped the Milwaukee Brewers 13–6. González's six hits are the most by any Padre in a nine-inning game. Three others have accomplished the feat, but did it in extra-inning contests. González hit five singles and a double.


title: Adrián González

text: He led the majors in walks in 2009 with 119 and set a Major League record with eight consecutive multi-walk games, a record which still stands . He also hit 40 home runs for the first time in his career. He was named the Padres team MVP for 2009, his third time honored.


title: Adrián González

text: González started the 2010 season playing well. On May 24, he was named the NL Player of the Week for the fourth time in his career. On June 2, González hit a walk-off grand slam in extra innings to lead his team toward a 5–1 victory over the New York Mets. In July, González was elected to participate in his third consecutive All-Star game.


title: Adrián González

text: During the 2010 season, González had 176 hits in 591 at-bats, good for a .298 batting average, his highest since hitting .304 in his first season with San Diego (2006). He had 93 walks and 114 strikeouts. His 93 walks put him in third place in the NL behind only Prince Fielder (114) and Albert Pujols (103). He finished with 31 home runs and 101 RBI, the third time in his career he had 100 RBI or more. González played in 160 games on the year, tying him with Rickie Weeks for 5th in the NL. He scored 87 runs on the season, compiling 302 total bases, which also tied him with Weeks, for 6th in the NL. González was named team MVP for the third consecutive year and the fourth time overall with the Padres.


title: Adrián González

text: On December 6, 2010, González was traded to the Boston Red Sox for a package of right-handed pitcher Casey Kelly, first baseman Anthony Rizzo, outfielder Reymond Fuentes, and a player to be named later, later determined to be Eric Patterson.


title: Adrián González

text: On April 15, 2011, González and the Red Sox agreed to a seven-year contract extension worth $154 million through the 2018 season.


title: Adrián González

text: On June 19, 2011, González hit his 1,000th career hit: a triple off of Milwaukee Brewers pitcher Yovani Gallardo.


title: Adrián González

text: On July 3, 2011, González was selected to represent the Red Sox at the 2011 All-Star Game in Arizona along with teammates Josh Beckett, Jacoby Ellsbury, David Ortiz, Kevin Youkilis, and Jon Lester. González hit a home run in the game and was responsible for the only run for the American League. Additionally, Ortiz selected González as one of three sluggers to join him in the Home Run Derby, where he finished second to Robinson Canó. González tied a record for most home runs in the final round of the home run derby at 11, which was then surpassed by the victor Cano.


title: Adrián González

text: González was named AL Player of the Month for June 2011 with a .404 average (40 for 99) – the best in the Majors for that month. After placing second in the 2011 Home Run Derby, González faced a home-run slump until he hit five home runs in ten at-bats on August 23–25.


title: Adrián González

text: He appeared on the cover of baseball video game "". On November 21, the AL MVP ballots came out, with González in seventh place and his teammate Ellsbury in 2nd, both losing to Detroit Tigers ace Justin Verlander.


title: Adrián González

text: On August 25, 2012, González was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers (along with Josh Beckett, Nick Punto and Carl Crawford) and $11 million in cash for James Loney, Iván DeJesús Jr., Allen Webster and two players to be named later (Jerry Sands and Rubby De La Rosa). In his first at bat with the Dodgers that same day, he hit a three-run home run against the Miami Marlins. In 36 games with the Dodgers, he hit .297 with 3 homers and 22 RBI.


title: Adrián González

text: In the 2013 season, González appeared in 157 games for the Dodgers and hit .293 with 22 home runs and 100 RBI. He was a candidate for the final vote at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game but did not get selected to the game.


title: Adrián González

text: In the 2013 NLCS Game 5 against the St. Louis Cardinals, González went 3 for 4 with 2 home runs. The Dodgers would eventually lose the series in six games.


title: Adrián González

text: González finished the 2014 season with 116 RBI, the most in all of Major League Baseball. He was the Dodgers' nominee for the Hank Aaron Award, after hitting 27 home runs in 159 games. However, his batting average of .276 was the lowest of his career. He finished up the season by winning the Silver Slugger Award as the best hitting first baseman in the NL and also won several awards for his defense at first base, including the Gold Glove Award, Fielding Bible Award and Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Award.


title: Adrián González

text: González opened the 2015 season with five home runs in the first three games of the season, including three on April 8 against Andrew Cashner. He was the first MLB player to hit five home runs in the first three games of the season. By homering in his fifth consecutive game, dating back to the end of the 2014 season, he tied the team record, which he shares with Roy Campanella (1950), Shawn Green (2001), Matt Kemp (2010), and Joc Pederson (2015). He won the player of the week honors as a result of that performance. He was also awarded with the National League player of the month award for April as he hit .383 with eight home runs and 19 RBI in the month. He recorded his 1,000th career RBI when he hit a two-run home run off Julio Teherán of the Atlanta Braves on May 26. Gonzalez was selected to the 2015 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first Dodger first baseman selected since Nomar Garciaparra in 2006. He finished the 2015 season by hitting .275 in 156 games with 28 home runs and 90 RBI, the lowest RBI total he had since 2006.


title: Adrián González

text: González played for the Mexico national baseball team in the World Baseball Classic qualifiers during spring training in March 2016. The team was managed by his brother Edgar. On June 22, 2016 during a game against the Washington Nationals, Gonzalez made a highlight-reel catch after a ball in foul territory deflected off Chase Utley's glove and off Gonzalez's leg. On August 7, 2016 González hit his 300th career home run against the Boston Red Sox. On the season he appeared in 156 games, with a .285 batting average, 18 homers and 90 RBI. It was the fewest home runs he had hit in a season since 2012.


title: Adrián González

text: On May 5, 2017, González was placed on the 10-day disabled list due to right elbow soreness. It was the first time in his MLB career that González was put on the DL. González recorded his 2,000th career hit with a double off Johnny Barbato of the Pittsburgh Pirates on August 22. González dealt with lingering back issues during the 2017 season, which caused him to spend half the season on the disabled list and as a result lost playing time to rookie Cody Bellinger at first. For the 2017 season, González only appeared in 71 games, batting .242/.287/.355 with 30 RBIs. He was shut down for the season in September and did not appear on the Dodgers playoff roster. In his final at-bat with the Dodgers, Gonzalez hit a home run against the Padres, giving him the rare distinction of having homered in both his first and last at-bats with the team.


title: Adrián González

text: On December 16, 2017, the Dodgers traded González, Charlie Culberson, Scott Kazmir, Brandon McCarthy, and cash considerations to the Atlanta Braves for Matt Kemp. Immediately following the trade, the Braves designated González for assignment, then released him two days later. González waived his no-trade clause to facilitate the trade, which he did because he wanted to test free agency.


title: Adrián González

text: On June 10, 2018, the Mets granted González his unconditional release. In 54 games with the Mets, he batted .237/.299/.373; he had just three hits in his final 27 at bats with the team.


title: Adrián González

text: On March 30, 2021, González announced his return to baseball and officially signed with the Mariachis de Guadalajara of the Mexican League. On July 19, González announced that he would retire from professional baseball following the conclusion of the Mexican League season. In 43 games for Guadalajara, González batted .340/.412/.531 with 6 home runs and 41 RBI. He officially announced his retirement from professional baseball on February 5, 2022.


title: Adrián González

text: González and his wife Betsy reside in the San Diego County community of La Jolla. They have two daughters. The couple created "The Adrián and Betsy González Foundation", which is focused on empowering underprivileged youth in areas of athletics, education and health. As one of his charitable endeavors, González paid for the refurbishing of the baseball field in the Tijuana sports complex where he played as a youth.


title: Adrián González

text: González is a Christian and engraved on his bats is "PS 27:1" for verse 1 from Psalm 27. González has spoken about his faith saying, "I don't want to be remembered in baseball. I want to be remembered as a good witness for Christ. ... I'm just trying to use this platform to bring people to Christ."


title: Samjhauta Express

text: The Samjhauta Express () was a bi-weekly train — Thursday and Monday — that runs between Delhi and Attari in India and Lahore in Pakistan. The word "Samjhauta" means "agreement", "accord" and "compromise" in both Hindi and Urdu.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: Until the reopening of the Thar Express, this was the only rail connection between the two countries. The train was started on 22 July 1976 following the Simla Agreement and ran between Amritsar and Lahore, a distance of about 50.2 km. Following disturbances in Punjab in the late eighties, due to security reasons Indian Railways decided to terminate the service at Attari, where customs and immigration clearances take place. On 14 April 2000, in an agreement between Indian Railways and Pakistan Railways (PR), the distance was revised to cover just under three km.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: An earlier train ran between Amritsar and Lahore and vice versa and carried 8,239 persons from India to Pakistan and 10,360 from Pakistan to India from 28 October 1954 to 30 November 1954.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: Samjhauta Express was a daily train when the service started in 1976 and changed to a bi-weekly schedule in 1994. Earlier the rakes were returned to the home country the same day but later in 2000 the rake remained overnight at that location.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: The train's first break of service was when it was discontinued on 1 January 2002 in the wake of the terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament on 13 December 2001. Service resumed on 15 January 2004. Service was also suspended following the 27 December 2007, assassination of Benazir Bhutto as a preventive measure to deny militants a "high-value target" that was of great symbolic importance to both India and Pakistan.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: On 8 October 2012, police recovered about 100 kg of contraband heroin and more than 500 rounds of bullet ammunition at Wagah border on the train heading for Delhi.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: On 28 February 2019, the service was suspended following the 2019 India–Pakistan standoff. A spokesman for the Pakistan Foreign Office said that service was suspended "in view of the prevailing tensions between Pakistan and India" while it was reported that India has suspended the running of the train on its side, due to "drastic decline in occupancy" and "the suspension of services from across the border".


title: Samjhauta Express

text: On 8 August 2019, the service was suspended by Pakistan following the revocation of Article 370 in Jammu And Kashmir.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: Its termini are Lahore in Pakistan and Delhi in India. The border crossing takes place between Wagah in Pakistan and Attari in India. Originally, this was a through service with the same rake going all the way between the termini; later the Pakistani rake stopped at Attari at which point passengers had to change trains.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: Now there is a train from Delhi to Attari where all passengers alight for customs and immigration. This train does not have any commercial stops between Delhi and Attari. It is incorrectly referred to as the Samjhauta Express and it is officially known as the Delhi–Attari or Attari–Delhi Express. The actual Samjhauta Express runs from Attari to Lahore, although the passengers are checked at Wagah, the first station on the Pakistani side. The train service was set up with an agreement between Indian Railways (IR) and Pakistan Railways (PR) to alternately use an Indian and a Pakistani rake and locomotive for the train, six months at a time.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: The train usually has between four and eight coaches. The rake supplied by Pakistan is usually hauled by an Alco DL-543 class ALU20 diesel loco (Lahore shed), with the entire train in the standard dark green livery of PR.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: In the early hours of 18 February 2007, 70 people (mostly Pakistani civilians and a few Indian military guarding the train) were killed and scores more injured in a terrorist attack on the Delhi–Attari Express. The attack occurred at Diwana station near the Indian city of Panipat, Haryana. Officials found evidence of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) made with RDX, containing fragmentation and flammable material, including three unexploded IEDs. The National Investigation Agency suspected that the blasts were masterminded by Swami Aseemanand, which was dismissed later for lack of evidence.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: On 1 July 2009, the US Department of Treasury designated Arif Qasmani of the Lashkar-e Tayyiba as a person involved in terrorism, citing among other things his involvement in the Samjhauta Express bombing.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: On 30 December 2010, India's National Investigation Agency claimed that they had solid evidence that Swami Aseemanand was the mastermind behind the blasts. He had taken help from his friend Sandeep Dange, an engineering graduate


title: Samjhauta Express

text: and has done higher study in physics, and Ramji Kalsangra, an electrician, to build the improvised explosive devices used in the blasts. On 8 January 2011, Aseemanand allegedly confessed the bombing of Samjhauta express, a statement later found to be obtained under duress. Later the Hindu nationalist group RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) sent a legal notice to CBI (Central Bureau of Investigation) accusing it of deliberately leaking Swami Aseemanand's confession in the media. RSS spokesman Ram Madhav called the investigation maligning of organizations and individuals.


title: Samjhauta Express

text: According to various local newspapers, NIA arrested Kamal Chauhan, who is deemed by the NIA as the main operative, in February 2012.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Dwarf elephants are prehistoric members of the order Proboscidea which, through the process of allopatric speciation on islands, evolved much smaller body sizes (around ) in comparison with their immediate ancestors. Dwarf elephants are an example of insular dwarfism, the phenomenon whereby large terrestrial vertebrates (usually mammals) that colonize islands evolve dwarf forms, a phenomenon attributed to adaptation to resource-poor environments and selection for early maturation and reproduction. Some modern populations of Asian elephants have also undergone size reduction on islands to a lesser degree, resulting in populations of pygmy elephants.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Fossil remains of dwarf elephants have been found on the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus, Malta (at Għar Dalam), Crete (in Chania at Vamos, Stylos and in a now-underwater cave on the coast), Sicily, Sardinia, the Cyclades Islands and the Dodecanese Islands. Other islands where dwarf "Stegodon" have been found are Sulawesi, Flores, Timor, other islands of the Lesser Sundas and Central Java; all of these islands are in Indonesia. The Channel Islands of California once supported a dwarf species descended from Columbian mammoths, while populations of small woolly mammoths were once found on Saint Paul Island; the mammoths that existed on Wrangel Island are no longer considered dwarfs.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Dwarf elephants first inhabited the Mediterranean islands during the Pleistocene, including all the major islands with the apparent exception of Corsica and the Balearics. Mediterranean dwarf elephants have generally been considered as members of the genus "Palaeoloxodon", derived from the continental straight-tusked elephant, "Palaeoloxodon antiquus" (Falconer & Cautley, 1847), Syn.: "Elephas antiquus". An exception is the dwarf Middle-Late Pleistocene Sardinian mammoth, "Mammuthus lamarmorai" (Major, 1883), the first endemic elephant of the Mediterranean islands recognized as belonging to the mammoth line. "Mammuthus creticus" from the Early Pleistocene of Crete, formerly considered a member of "Palaeoloxodon", is now also considered to be a mammoth, and approaches the size of the smallest dwarf elephants.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: During low sea levels, the Mediterranean islands were colonised again and again, giving rise, sometimes on the same island, to several species (or subspecies) of different body sizes. As the Ice Age came to an end, sea levels rose, stranding elephants on the island. The island of Sicily appears to have been colonised by proboscideans in at least three separate waves of colonisation. These endemic dwarf elephants were taxonomically different on each island or group of very close islands, like the Cyclades archipelago.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: There are many uncertainties about the time of colonisation, the phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomic status of dwarf elephants on the Mediterranean islands. Extinction of the insular dwarf elephants has not been correlated with the arrival of humans to the islands. Furthermore, it has been suggested by the palaeontologist Othenio Abel in 1914, that the finding of skeletons of such elephants sparked the idea that they belonged to giant one-eyed monsters, because the center nasal opening was thought to be the socket of a single eye, and thus perhaps were, for example, the origin of the one-eyed Cyclopes of Greek mythology.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Poulakakis and others proposed in 2002 to rename all the described specimens of larger size than "Mammuthus creticus" under the new subspecies name "Elephas antiquus creutzburgi" (Kuss, 1965). After DNA research, published in 2006, it has been proposed to rename "Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) creticus" into "Mammuthus creticus" (Bate, 1907). In a recent study of 2007, it was argued for the groundlessness of the theory by Poulakakis et al. in 2006, showing the weak points of that DNA research. However, morphological data is at least equivocal, and may also support placement in "Mammuthus".


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Remains of paleoloxodontine elephants have been reported from several Cyclades islands. The Delos elephant's size is comparable to "Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis". The Naxos elephant has been described as "Palaeoloxodon lomolinoi" and it was smaller than the Delos elephant with a calculated body mass of only 10 % of that of its mainland ancestor "Palaeoloxodon antiquus".


title: Dwarf elephant

text: On the island of Rhodes, bones of an endemic dwarf elephant have been discovered. This elephant was similar in size to "Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis".


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Two groups of remains of dwarf elephants have been found on the island of Tilos. They are similar in size to "Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis" and the smaller "Palaeoloxodon falconeri", but the two groups indicate sexual dimorphism. The remains had originally been designated to "Palaeoloxodon antiquus falconeri" (Busk, 1867). However, this name refers to the dwarf elephants from the island of Malta. As a result, since no migration route between the two islands can be proved, this name should not be used when referring to the elephant remnants from Tilos. The species has been described as "Elephas tiliensis" in 2007 and it is now assigned to genus "Palaeoloxodon".


title: Dwarf elephant

text: The Tilos dwarf elephant is the first dwarf elephant whose DNA sequence has been studied. The results of this research are consistent with previous morphological reports, according to which "Palaeoloxodon" is more closely related to "Elephas" than to "Loxodonta" or "Mammuthus". On the other hand DNA analysis in 2017 conclude that the closest living relative oft the genus "Palaeoloxodon" is the African forest elephant ("Loxodonta cyclotis"). The paper suggests that the current view of elephant evolution is "in need of substantial revision". After the study of new osteological material that has been excavated in anatomical connection in the Charkadio Cave on Tilos island the new species name "Palaeoloxodon tiliensis" has been assigned to the Tilos dwarf elephants. It was the latest paleoloxodontine to survive in Europe. They did not become extinct until around 4000 BC, so this elephant survived well into the Holocene. An exhibition is available at the Municipality of Tilos Island, soon to be transferred to the new building near Charkadio Cave.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: The Cyprus dwarf elephant survived at least until 11,000 BC. Its estimated body weight was only , only 2% of its ancestor. Molars of this dwarf elephant are reduced to approximately 40% the size of mainland straight-tusked elephants.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Remains of the species were first discovered and recorded by Dorothea Bate in a cave in the Kyrenia hills of Cyprus in 1902 and reported in 1903.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: The Columbian mammoth ("Mammuthus columbi") produced a separate, isolated population at the end of the Pleistocene on the Channel Islands of California, most likely about 40,000 years ago (although the time of isolation is not fully known). Selective forces on the Channel Islands resulted in smaller animals, forming a new species, the pygmy mammoth ("Mammuthus exilis"). Channel Islands mammoths ranged from in shoulder height.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: Survival of a mammoth population may be explained by local geographic, topographic and climatic features, which entailed preservation of communities of steppe plants, as well as a degree of isolation sufficient to delay colonization by humans. St. Paul Island shares this characteristic of geographic isolation, implying that human hunting may have played a role in the disappearance of the woolly mammoth.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: During the last ice age, woolly mammoths ("Mammuthus primigenius") lived on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean and survived until 1700 BC, the most recent survival of any known mammoth population. Wrangel Island is thought to have become separated from the mainland by 12000 BC. It was assumed that Wrangel Island mammoths ranged from in shoulder height and were for a time considered "dwarf mammoths". However this classification has been re-evaluated and since the Second International Mammoth Conference in 1999, these mammoths are no longer considered to be true "dwarf mammoths".


title: Dwarf elephant

text: On Sulawesi and Flores, evidence of a succession of distinct endemic island faunas has been found, including dwarfed elephants, dating until the Middle Pleistocene. Around the Early Middle Pleistocene, these dwarfed elephants were replaced by new immigrants of larger to intermediate sizes.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: The present understanding of the succession of "Stegodon" species on Flores is that endemic dwarfs, represented by the Early Pleistocene species "Stegodon sondaarii", became extinct around 840,000 years ago. These dwarf forms were then replaced by the medium to large-sized "Stegodon florensis", a species closely related to the "Stegodon trigonocephalus" group found both in Java and in the islands of biogeographical Wallacea, separated by deep water from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. This Stegodon species became extinct about 12,000 years ago, presumably because of a volcanic eruption.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: The dwarfed "Stegodon sompoensis" lived during the Pleistocene on the island of Sulawesi. They had a shoulder height of only 1.5 m.


title: Dwarf elephant

text: In 2014 a dwarf elephant was found in the Semedo area, Tegal, Central Java, so it was named "Stegodon semedoensis".


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The Michigan House of Representatives is the lower house of the Michigan Legislature. There are 110 members, each of whom is elected from constituencies having approximately 77,000 to 91,000 residents, based on population figures from the 2010 U.S. Census. Its composition, powers and duties are established in Article IV of the Michigan Constitution.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: Members are elected in even-numbered years and take office at 12 p.m. (EST) on January 1 following the November general election. Concurrently with the Michigan Senate, the House first convenes on the second Wednesday in January, according to the state constitution. Each member is limited to serving three terms of two years. The House meets in the north wing of the Michigan Capitol in Lansing. The Republican Party currently has a majority in the chamber.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: In recent years, the Republican majority in the House has been widely attributed to Republican gerrymandering, implemented by the legislature after the 2010 census. In many legislative elections since then, the Democratic Party has won the popular vote, but nonetheless failed to attain a majority. However, after the passage of Proposal 2, a 2018 ballot initiative, redistricting in the state was instead delegated to a nonpartisan commission, which drew new maps after the 2020 census. Aided by these fairer district lines, in 2022, Democrats won a majority in the House for the first time since 2008.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: According to the constitution of Michigan, to be eligible for the office of State Representative a person must be a citizen of the United States, at least 21 years of age, and a registered and qualified elector of the district he or she wishes to represent by the filing deadline.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: Members of the Michigan House of Representatives are commonly referred to as representatives. Because this mirrors the terminology used to describe members of Congress, constituents and news media, abiding by the Associated Press guidelines for journalists, often refer to members as state representatives to avoid confusion with their federal counterparts. As elected officials, members of the Michigan House of Representatives also receive the courtesy title of "the Honorable" (abbreviated to "Hon." or "Hon'ble") for life.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The 75th and current Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the House and the leader of the majority party. The current Speaker is Jason Wentworth, a third-term Republican from Clare.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The Speaker calls the House to order at the hour to which the House last adjourned, preserves order and decorum in the chamber, recognizes Members to speak, and puts all questions. The Speaker is the chief administrator of the House and is technically the employer of all legislative staff. There is also a Speaker "pro tempore" and two associate Speakers "pro tempore" who preside in the absence of the Speaker. The full duties of the Speaker are described in Chapter II of the Rules of the House.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The Clerk of the House of Representatives is elected by Members of the House at the beginning of each two-year term. The 33rd and current clerk is Gary L. Randall. Randall also served as clerk from 1999 to 2006. The assistant clerk is Richard J. Brown, who served as clerk from 2007 to 2010. Both Randall and Brown are former Members of the House.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: Under the rules of the House, the clerk is the parliamentarian of the House, presides in the absence of the Speaker or any Speaker pro tempore, takes roll at the beginning of each session day and announces whether or not a quorum is present, prepares the official calendar and journal of the House, is responsible for the care and preservation of all bills introduced in the House, and for bills sent from the Senate until they are returned to the Senate.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The sergeant at arms of the House of Representatives is the chief police officer of the House, appointed by the Speaker. The current chief sergeant at arms is David D. Dickson Jr.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The chief sergeant and the assistant sergeants are empowered as law enforcement officers by statute. The sergeants at arms have authority to serve subpoenas and warrants


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: issued by the House or any duly authorized officer or committee, see that all visitors are seated and at no time are standing on the floor or balconies of the House, ensure that reasonable decorum is maintained in the lobby immediately in front of the entrance to the chamber to ensure access for Members and to ensure equal treatment for all citizens.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: Article IV of the Michigan Constitution authorizes each house of the Legislature to "establish the committees necessary for the conduct of its business." The House does much of its work in committees, including the review of bills, executive oversight, and the budget and appropriations process. Members of committees and their chairmen are appointed by the Speaker. Bills are referred to a committee by the Speaker, and the chairman of a committee sets its agenda, including whether or not a bill will be reported to the full House. The Committee on Appropriations divides its work among subcommittees ordinarily structured by state department or major budget area.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: There are also four statutory standing committees: Joint Committee on Administrative Rules; House Fiscal Agency Governing Committee; Legislative Council; Michigan Capitol Committee. Currently, it would appear, the House committees meet on a 'year by year' basis. A full list may be accessed here.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The House Fiscal Agency is a nonpartisan agency within the House of Representatives which provides nonpartisan expertise to members of the House Appropriations Committee, as well as all other Members of the House. Fiscal analysts review the governor's budget recommendation, review and prepare budget bills, supplemental appropriations, and certain transfer requests, provide fiscal impact statements on legislative proposals, monitor state and national situations that may have budgetary implications, research and analyze fiscal issues, prepare reports and documents to assist legislative deliberations, and prepare special reports at the request of Representatives. The economist analyzes legislation related to tax and lottery issues, respond to Representatives' inquiries regarding state tax revenue, revenue sharing, and other economic issues, monitors state revenue, tracks state, and national economic conditions, and prepares reports on revenue and other economic issues. Legislative analysts prepare concise, nonpartisan summaries and analyses of bills. Summaries, completed prior to committee deliberations, describe how a bill would change current law, including any fiscal impact. Analyses are prepared for bills reported to the full House from committee and include, with the summary information, a description of the problem being addressed, arguments for and against the bill, and positions of interested organizations.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: The agency is governed by a six-member board consisting of the chairman and minority vice chairman of the Appropriations Committee, the Speaker of the House and the minority leader, and the majority and minority floor leaders. The governing committee is responsible for HFA oversight, establishment of operating procedures, and appointment of the HFA director. The director is one of three state officials charged with annually forecasting the state's revenues at the Consensus Revenue Estimating Conferences, which are held at least twice each year.


title: Michigan House of Representatives

text: In January 1993, a front-page story in "The Detroit News" detailed a massive scandal in the House Fiscal Agency. For six years, the agency's imprest account was used to finance credit card payments, vacations, and property tax payments as well as payments to HFA employees and contract workers for non-existent workers. The scandal threatened to collapse the joint leadership agreement between the Democrats and Republicans brought about by a 55-55 partisan split in the House from the 1992 election. It resulted in Representative Dominic J. Jacobetti of Negaunee in the Upper Peninsula, the longest-serving Member in history, losing his position as chairman of the powerful Appropriations Committee; the conviction and imprisonment of HFA Director John Morberg; and the resignation of state representative Stephen Shepich as part of a plea bargain.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby the Robot is a fictional character and science fiction icon who first appeared in the 1956 film "Forbidden Planet". He made a number of subsequent appearances in science fiction films and television programs, which has given him the distinction as "the hardest working robot in Hollywood".


title: Robby the Robot

text: The name "Robbie" (spelled with an "ie") had appeared in science fiction before "Forbidden Planet". In a pulp magazine adventure "The Fantastic Island" (1935), the name is used for a mechanical likeness of Doc Savage used to confuse foes. The name is also used in Isaac Asimov's short story "Robbie" (1940) about a first-generation robot designed to care for children. In "Tom Swift on The Phantom Satellite" (1956), it is also the name given to a small four-footed robot designed by Tom Swift Jr., the boy inventor in the "Tom Swift Jr." science fiction novel series by Victor Appleton II.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby the Robot originated as a supporting character in the 1956 MGM science fiction film "Forbidden Planet". The film's storyline centers on a crew of Earth explorers who land their starship, the C57-D, on the planet Altair IV, inhabited by the mysterious human Dr. Morbius and his daughter Altaira who was born there. Robby is a mechanical servant that Morbius has designed, built, and programmed using knowledge gleaned from his study of the ancient Krell, a long-extinct race of highly intelligent beings that once populated Altair IV. The film’s plot is loosely based on William Shakespeare’s play "The Tempest" (1610), with the planet Altair IV standing in for Shakespeare’s remote island and Dr. Morbius for Prospero. In this context Robby is analogous to Ariel, a spirit enslaved by Prospero.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby exhibits artificial intelligence, but has a distinct personality that at times exhibits a dry wit. He is instructed by Morbius to be helpful to the Earthmen and does so by synthesizing and transporting to their landing site 10 tons of "isotope 217.3", a lightweight though still effective replacement for the requested lead shielding needed to house the C57-D’s main stardrive to power an attempt to contact Earth base for further instructions. Morbius programmed Robby to obey a system of rules similar to Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics as expressed in "I, Robot" (1950). One of the laws is a rule against harming or killing humans. This becomes an important plot point near the conclusion of the film when Robby refuses to kill the Id monster; he recognizes the invisible creature to be an alter ego/avatar of Dr. Morbius. Hollywood purposely, and misleadingly, depicts Robby in the film’s advertising posters as a terrifying adversarial creature carrying a seductively posed unconscious maiden (Altaira), but no such scene is in the film and the images do not reflect in any way Robby's benevolent and intelligent character. Robby only carries one person during the film, the Earth starship's Dr. Ostrow, when he is mortally wounded near the end of the film.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby was designed by members of the MGM art department and constructed by the studio's prop department; The design was developed from initial ideas and sketches by production designer Arnold "Buddy" Gillespie, art director Arthur Lonergan, and writer Irving Block. These concepts were refined by production illustrator Mentor Huebner and perfected by MGM staff production draughtsman and mechanical designer Robert Kinoshita.


title: Robby the Robot

text: The robot's groundbreaking design and execution represented a radical advance on the conventional "walking oil-can" depictions of robots in earlier feature films and movie serials. The only previous film robot of comparable style and quality was the "Menschmaschine" created for Fritz Lang's "Metropolis" (1927). However, this did not come cheap: As with every aspect of the production of "Forbidden Planet", MGM spared no expense on Robby's design and construction. With reported costs ranging from $100,000 and $125,000 (equivalent to at least $US1.1 million today) it was, proportional to total budget, one of the most expensive single film props ever created up to that time, which represented nearly 7% of the film's total budget of US$1.9 million. (By way of comparison, Robby cost roughly the same, proportional to total budget, as the massive 27-ton, 12 meter-diameter, rotating centrifuge set built for Kubrick's "", which cost US$750,000 against a total budget of around US$11 million). But thanks to its imaginative design, intricate detailing, and the very high visual quality of the final product, Robby immediately became the "face" of the film and soon became an enduring popular culture icon.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby was constructed using a range of materials including metal, plastic, rubber, glass, and Plexiglas. The plastic parts were a pioneering example of the use of the then novel technology of vacuum-forming heated plastic over wooden molds. These parts were made from an early form of ABS plastic with the brand name "Royalite", a material mainly used at the time for making suitcases. The finished Robby stands just over tall and was fabricated in three detachable sections: the legs and lower torso, the barrel-like chest section (which included the arms), and the highly detailed head piece.


title: Robby the Robot

text: The tall paraboloidal plexiglass dome that covered the head housed the detailed mechanisms representing Robby's electronic brain. These included a "pilot light" at the very top, an intricate apparatus terminating in three white wire-frame spheres that rotate in planetary fashion (representing his gyroscopic stabilizers), a pair of reciprocating arms in the shape of an inverted "V", multiple flashing lights, and an elaborate horizontal array of moving levers resembling saxophone keys. Conical protuberances attached to each side of the head carry two small forward-facing blinking lights (his eyes) and two rotating chromed rings, one mounted vertically and the other horizontally, which represent Robby's audio detectors (his ears). The bottom front section of the head is a curved grille consisting of parallel rows of thin blue neon tubes, which light up in voice synchronization when Robby speaks. This neon grille also enabled the operator to both see out and to breathe. The joint between the head and chest section was fitted with a custom-made bearing that allowed the head to rotate in either direction.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby's bulky barrel-shaped torso (a sly reference to Bob Kinoshita's earlier job as a washing machine designer) featured a front panel fitted with a rectangular door at the top (into which samples of any substance could be inserted for Robby to analyze and replicate); underneath the slot were two rotating discs fitted with small flashing lights and below that a row of five buttons that moved in and out. Robby's thick, stubby arms were connected to his body with plastic ball-joints that fitted into matching sockets in the torso, allowing the joints a small amount of rotational movement. The arms could also be extended and this section was covered with an expanding concertina-type tubular rubber sheath. Robby's three-fingered hands were also made of rubber, finished with the suit's overall gunmetal metallic gray paint. The chest section attached to the leg section with special locking clips. The bottom section of the suit hinged at the top of the legs, allowing Robby to both bend forward and swing each leg backward and forward slightly, enabling him to walk with relative ease (albeit with rather small and stiff steps). Robby's legs were made from interlocking globes of vacuum-formed plastic, which were connected by internal jointing that permitted the entire leg to bend slightly, but cleverly concealed the movement of the hips and knees of the human operator inside.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby's design was a major advance on all previous screen robots in many practical and aesthetic respects. By comparison, the robot Gort, the menacing "interstellar policeman" from the science fiction film "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951) was a very tall man in the robot suit, and its smooth design posed several practical problems for shooting. Because it was made of flexible neoprene overall, similar to a skin diver's wetsuit, the props team had to fabricate two suits that laced up in order to keep the fastenings out of sight while filming Gort moving: One suit laced up at the back (for frontal shots), and the second, which laced up from the front, was used for the shots in which Gort was seen from behind. The neoprene suit creased at the hips, back knees, and front elbows when the actor inside moved, giving the impression of being made from a "flexible" alien metal. The filmmakers diminished the effect by cleverly keeping Gort's movements to a minimum or by only shooting his upper body when he walked.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby's similar size and its construction from rigid sections that had articulated joints combined to create a convincing viewing experience. To access the suit, the three sections were dismantled and the operator climbed into the legs. The torso was then placed around him, the two sections were secured with internal clips, and the operator was strapped into an internal over the shoulder harness; finally the head was fitted, the internal electronics were connected to external power via hidden cables, and the suit was switched on and ready for filming. This design made it possible to film Robby from any angle and for him to move about and carry out the actions required in a scene, without either betraying the obvious presence of an interior operator or revealing how each got in and out; Robby was operated (uncredited) by stuntmen Frankie Darro and Frankie Carpenter, both short actors (Darro was 5'3").


title: Robby the Robot

text: One of the suit's few drawbacks was that the many intricate moving parts in the electrified headpiece made a considerable amount of noise when Robby was powered up. During shooting, Robby's voice was performed off-camera by an uncredited actor, who spoke lines into a microphone that fed into a voice-actuated circuit connected by a cable running into Robby's foot, up through a leg, and all the way to the neon tubes in Robby's lower headpiece; this device generated a control voltage that synchronized the voicebox's flashing neon tubes. Robby's screen voice in the finished film was re-recorded in post-production by actor Marvin Miller. (Actor Les Tremayne read the film's opening prologue.)


title: Robby the Robot

text: The robot quickly became a science fiction icon in the decades that followed and was reused or recreated in multiple TV shows. Robby was reused by MGM in "The Invisible Boy" (1957) and then made several further appearances in other films and TV shows during the next few decades; these include episodes of "The Gale Storm Show", "The Thin Man", "Columbo", "The Addams Family", and "Lost in Space" where he battles The Robot. While Robby's appearance was generally consistent, there were exceptions.


title: Robby the Robot

text: The original Rod Serling incarnation of "The Twilight Zone", which was substantially filmed at MGM Studios, made extensive use of props and costumes originally created for "Forbidden Planet", including Robby, who appeared in three episodes over the series' original run: "One for the Angels" (s01e02, 1959), "Uncle Simon" (s05e08, 1963) and "The Brain Center at Whipple's" (s05e33, 1964). In "Uncle Simon" (1963), Robby's appearance was considerably altered, combining the familiar body with an alternative head piece. According to Robby's past owner, director William Malone, the head used in this episode was a prototype created during Robby's original construction at MGM. It featured a highly simplified and rather old-fashioned cylindrical "oil can" robot head with stylized "eyes" (that were illuminated and movable) and a circular "mouth"; this was enclosed under the distinctively-shaped conical plexiglass dome, but this head's front grille also did not have the blue neon tubes and lacked the rotating external "ear" pieces seen in "Forbidden Planet". It is not known whether this internal "oil-can" head was original, but its rather rudimentary design and appearance is clearly not of the same exacting MGM standards that are evident in all other "Forbidden Planet" props, and suggests it may have been custom-made for the filming of this "Twilight Zone" episode. However, this version of the prop survives and was also owned until recently by William Malone.


title: Robby the Robot

text: In other appearances, Robby usually retained the moving parts inside his transparent dome, although the details of his "brain" and chest panel were sometimes altered; in "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." episode "The Bridge of Lions Affair", only Robby's head dome was used as part of a regeneration machine. Robby also appeared in the "Mork & Mindy" second-season episode "Dr. Morkenstein", this time representing a character called Chuck (voiced by actor Roddy McDowall) whom Mork befriends while working as a security guard in the science museum where Chuck is on display. Robby was given a major makeover for his appearance in the TV series "Project U.F.O." (1978). The original head was removed and replaced with a newly constructed "cyclops" head that had new internal "brain" fittings, a much squatter (roughly hemispherical) perspex dome, and a large circular glowing green "eye" on the front, mounted in a protruding triangular panel. The front panel on Robby's torso was also modified with the addition of a new protruding panel, and additional appliances and cables were added to the front of both legs. This "cyclops" version of Robby was also used in the 1977 TV series "Space Academy" and the 1988 B-movie "Phantom Empire". All appearances of Robby after 1971 used a replica, as the original was retired and put on display in a southern California car museum (see below).


title: Robby the Robot

text: Robby made few appearances after the 1970s, but he does have a cameo in the film "Gremlins" (1984); he can be seen standing in the background speaking some of his trademark lines. He was also featured in a 2006 commercial for AT&T.


title: Robby the Robot

text: In 1971, the original 1956 Robby the Robot was sold to Jim Brucker and put on display at his Movie World/Cars of the Stars Museum, near Disneyland in Buena Park, California, where he was often vandalized by visitors. Robot historian Fred Barton was commissioned to restore Robby to his original 1956 state while the robot was still on display at the museum. Barton used original duplicate replacement parts made for the "Forbidden Planet" suit by MGM's prop department. It was, however, in a desperate condition once again several years later. The museum closed in 1980, and Robby, along with his transport vehicle, original MGM spare parts, and shipping containers were sold to William Malone. Malone noted that Robby had once again fallen into a state of disrepair. Having built the first ever replica of Robby in 1973, Malone was able to carefully restore the robot prop to its original condition using additional spare parts which the original builders had stockpiled in Robby's storage cases some 25 years earlier. The original Robby the Robot remained in Malone's original "Forbidden Planet" props collection for many years, until finally being sold by Bonhams Auctioneers in New York on November 22, 2017, for . Robby became the most expensive film prop ever sold at auction.


title: Robby the Robot

text: Fred Barton built a second Robby replica which appeared at the 1974 Star Trek Convention in Los Angeles. Barton continues to produce Robby props and other 1:1 robot replicas. His recreations are currently on display at the Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame in Seattle, Washington, and at the Metreon entertainment complex in San Francisco; other Robby replicas are on display in various venues. Full-sized, remote-controlled Barton robot props are available from Hammacher Schlemmer or ordered directly on-line from Fred Barton Productions; the company manufactures various 1:1 film and TV robot reproductions under license, aimed at the growing science fiction film collectors' market. Robby has also become a popular subject of collector tin toy and plastic robot reproductions and model kits.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Ian James Poulter (born 10 January 1976) is an English professional golfer who is plays in the LIV Golf League. He has previously been ranked as high as number 5 in the world rankings. The highlights of Poulter's career to date have been his two World Golf Championship wins at the 2010 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the 2012 WGC-HSBC Champions. He is the touring professional for Woburn Golf and Country Club.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Born in Hitchin, and raised in Stevenage, Poulter took up the game at the age of four when his single-handicap father, Terry, gave him a cut-down 3-wood. His older brother Danny is also a professional golfer. Unable to get a place as a pro at a private club, he became the assistant pro and golf shop manager at the Chesfield Downs Golf Club. There he was forced by his boss to pay a full green fee every time he wanted to play in a competition. His handicap hence stayed at four, because he did not play in competitions. Following this period, Poulter joined as Assistant Pro at Leighton Buzzard golf course, giving lessons to youngsters at £1 per lesson.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter turned professional in 1996 gaining his first win at the 1999 Open de Côte d'Ivoire on the European Tour's second tier Challenge Tour. He won promotion to the European Tour itself via the qualifying school later that year.


title: Ian Poulter

text: In his first season, he claimed the Italian Open title and was the Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year for 2000. Further wins followed in each of the next four seasons, most prestigiously the season ending "tour championship" the Volvo Masters in 2004. He was in the top ten on the Order of Merit in 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2012. In 2013, he finished 2nd on the Order of Merit, his highest placing so far.


title: Ian Poulter

text: After narrowly missing a place in the 2002 European Ryder Cup team, Poulter was a member of the victorious squad in 2004, where he officially scored the winning points for his team. This entitled him to take up membership of the PGA Tour in 2005, and he has divided his time between the two tours since then.


title: Ian Poulter

text: At the 2008 Masters Tournament, Poulter made a hole-in-one at the 16th hole at Augusta National in the first round. At the 2008 Open Championship, Poulter had the clubhouse lead on the last round before being beaten by defending champion Pádraig Harrington. In the 2008 Ryder Cup, Poulter was the highest points scorer on either side as he scored 4 of Europe's 11.5 points. Europe lost the Ryder Cup 16.5–11.5.


title: Ian Poulter

text: In the 2009 Players Championship, he finished in sole possession of second place at eight under-par, four shots behind the winner, Henrik Stenson. In November 2009, Poulter won the Barclays Singapore Open at the Sentosa Club. He moved into the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking in January 2010 with a second-place finish at the Abu Dhabi Golf Championship.


title: Ian Poulter

text: In February 2010, he won his first tournament on U.S. soil, beating fellow Englishman Paul Casey 4&2 in the final of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship in Arizona. The win moved him to 5th in the world rankings. His ranking gained Poulter a place in the 2010 Ryder Cup in September at Celtic Manor in Wales He won 3 points in the 4 matches he played in the European team's win by 14.5 points to 13.5. In November 2010, he won his second title of the year with a one-stroke victory in the UBS Hong Kong Open.


title: Ian Poulter

text: On 23 February 2011, in Marana, Arizona, Poulter became the first defending champion in nine years to be eliminated in the first round of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship. He did however enjoy greater success in the European Tour's own match play event, the Volvo World Match Play Championship where he won the title beating Ryder Cup teammate Luke Donald, 2&1, in the final. He had previously beaten the world number one Lee Westwood, Francesco Molinari and Nicolas Colsaerts to get to the final. This was Poulter's second tournament win in a match play event and eleventh European Tour victory.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter was one of José María Olazábal's two "captains picks" for the European Team at the 2012 Ryder Cup. He won all the 4 matches he played over the three days of the event, and was a key figure in sparking his team's victory by 14.5 points to 13.5.


title: Ian Poulter

text: On 4 November 2012, Poulter won the second World Golf Championship of his career at the WGC-HSBC Champions in Shenzhen, China, coming from four strokes back in the final round to win by two from four other players. He shot a final round of 65 which included 8 birdies in his first 15 holes to seize control and despite a late bogey, closed out the victory by two strokes. He became only the second European to have won multiple WGC events, after Darren Clarke. The victory took Poulter to 15th in the rankings.


title: Ian Poulter

text: At the 2015 Honda Classic on the PGA Tour, Poulter had a three shot lead going into the final round of the rain delayed event. However he had a disastrous four-over-par final round of 74, where he found the water five times, included twice on the 14th hole which cost him a triple bogey. Poulter would finish in a tie for third, one shot outside of the playoff, which was won by Pádraig Harrington. It was his first 54-hole lead on the PGA Tour and he never would win a non-WGC PGA Tour event until 2018. In the same year, Poulter was in a predicament. He fell to 51st in the OWGR and was not exempt for the WGC-HSBC Champions, and had failed to enter the UBS Hong Kong Open. He was also at risk of losing his European Tour card since he had only played in 12 events, one short of membership and Ryder Cup eligibility. He only earned entry to the Hong Kong Open after Rich Beem gave up his sponsor exemption to allow Poulter to compete.


title: Ian Poulter

text: In March 2016, Poulter held the 54-hole lead at the Puerto Rico Open, an alternate event on the PGA Tour. He led by one stroke entering the final round, but shot an even-par round which included just the one birdie, to finish in a tie for third, one stroke outside of the playoff. This was only the second time that Poulter had held a 54-hole lead in an event on the PGA Tour and he has yet to win one. The result was however his best on tour for over a year.


title: Ian Poulter

text: On 3 June 2016, Poulter was ruled out of the upcoming Ryder Cup after being sidelined for four months with a foot injury. Only three days later, he was named by captain Darren Clarke as one of his vice-captains for the match.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter started the 2016–17 season using a major medical extension. He initially failed to meet the terms, but his results and criteria were reevaluated, allowing Poulter to keep his Tour card for the remainder of the season. The Golf Channel website also mentioned that Brian Gay (who was also playing on a major medical extension) noted a discrepancy in the points distribution from the previous season. After recalculating, Gay and Poulter were also allowed entry into the 2017 Players Championship after meeting the FedEx Cup requirements. Poulter went on to finish T2 at The Players, three shots behind Kim Si-woo.


title: Ian Poulter

text: During the 2018 WGC-Match Play, Poulter was informed by members of the media that his advancement to the quarterfinals would place him in the top-50 in the World Golf Rankings, ensuring his place in the Masters' field two weeks later. It was later determined that he would need to advance to the semifinals to crack the top-50, which he was unable to do, losing heavily to Kevin Kisner in the quarterfinals.


title: Ian Poulter

text: The following week, Poulter won the Houston Open, claiming his third victory on the PGA Tour and first stroke play tournament win in the United States. Poulter won in a sudden-death playoff, after holing a lengthy birdie putt on the final green of regulation play to tie Beau Hossler. In the playoff, Poulter won with a par, after Hossler found the water and made a triple bogey. This was Poulter's first win in six years on any tour and also sealed his place in the Masters the following week as the final entrant. He finished T44 at the event. Then playing his sixth week in a row, Poulter held the 54-hole lead at the RBC Heritage. He faded in the final round though, shooting a 75 and finishing T7.


title: Ian Poulter

text: In September 2018, Poulter was named as a captain's pick by Thomas Bjørn for the European team participating in the 2018 Ryder Cup. Europe defeated the United States team by 17½ points to 10½ at Le Golf National outside of Paris, France. Poulter went 2–2–0 and won his singles match against then world number one Dustin Johnson.


title: Ian Poulter

text: In September 2021, Poulter was a captain's pick by Pádraig Harrington for the European team in the 2021 Ryder Cup at Whistling Straits in Kohler, Wisconsin. The U.S. team won 19–9 and Poulter went 1–2–0 and won his Sunday singles match against Tony Finau.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter was announced as a participant of the inaugural LIV Golf Invitational Series tournament at the Centurion Club near London in June 2022, with his PGA Tour and European Tour memberships being suspended. His suspension on the European Tour was temporarily lifted in July, pending a court case set for February 2023. Poulter's best finish in the LIV Golf Invitational Series came in Bangkok, where he finished in a tie for 12th.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter is well known for his eccentric dress sense, inspired by his mother, who managed the Letchworth branch of UK women's fashion chain Dorothy Perkins. His most famous pieces include trousers featuring the famous Claret Jug, worn at both the 2005 and 2006 Open Championships. Commentating for the BBC, Seve Ballesteros jibed that this was "the closest [Poulter] would ever get to it".


title: Ian Poulter

text: He is an avid fan of football club Arsenal. He has on several occasions appeared with the team's crest on his shoes, and he even controversially wore the team's shirt during an event, gaining widespread ire for flying in the face of golfing tradition (immediately after the event the rule was changed to stop future players wearing football jerseys). In addition to his golfing career, Poulter launched Ian Poulter Design (IJP Design) in 2007.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter is married to his wife Katie Poulter; the couple have four children and live in Lake Nona Golf & Country Club in Orlando, Florida. The couple also has a home in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter is an avid Ferrari collector and maintains a collection of cars in Florida. His garage and car collection were covered in depth in a video by Shmee150.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter's $7 million LaFerrari Aperta featured in a viral video posted to his Instagram account in which Poulter chips a golf ball through the windows of the car.


title: Ian Poulter

text: Poulter currently has endorsements with the following companies: Coolsculpting, IJP Design, Aurae Lifestyle, Titleist, Nikon, EA Sports, MasterCard, Oakley, Fathead, DP World, Audemars Piguet, and Marquis Jet.


Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue is a platform game based on Pixar's 1999 computer animated film "Toy Story 2". It was released for the Nintendo 64, PlayStation, Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh in late 1999, while a Dreamcast version followed in 2000. The computer versions were released under the title Disney/Pixar's Action Game, Toy Story 2. A different version, a side-scrolling platform game titled Toy Story 2, was also released for the Game Boy Color in 1999.


"Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue" has been re-released several times as a downloadable game for PlayStation consoles, including the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable in 2011, the PlayStation Vita in 2012, and PlayStation 4. Additionally, the game was officially ported to the PlayStation 5 in 2022 for PlayStation Plus Premium tier users, and can be accessed in the classic games library.


title: Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue

text: The home console and computer version puts the player in control of Buzz Lightyear as he goes across fifteen levels (consisting of ten main levels and five boss levels) based on and inspired by locations from the film in order to rescue Woody. Buzz can attack enemies with a wrist laser, which can be charged up for additional power, and can also be aimed through a first-person viewpoint. Buzz also has a spin attack, which can be charged up into a continuous spin. Buzz is also able to extend his wings to perform a double jump, and can perform a foot stomp to activate switches. The player can pick up a laser power-up that gives Buzz a limited supply of powered up laser shots, as well as health-replenishing batteries and extra lives.


text: The main aim of the game is to collect Pizza Planet tokens which are located throughout stages. Each level has 5 Pizza Planet tokens, which are each collected by completing different objectives, such as fighting a mini-boss, solving a puzzle or getting a secret token, completing a timed challenge or winning a race against another character, or helping a character find 5 of a certain object which are hidden throughout a level. Each level also has a number of coins placed throughout it, 50 of which can be collected and given to Hamm for a token. Certain objectives require the use of a special power-up that must first be unlocked in a certain level by retrieving one of Mr. Potato Head's missing body parts. Power-ups include a barrier that protects Buzz from damage, rocket boots that launch him at high speeds, a disk launcher that homes in on enemies, a grappling hook for climbing up high ledges, and hover boots for floating up to high places. While only one Pizza Planet token is needed to clear a level, some levels require a certain number of tokens to unlock. With the exception of the Nintendo 64 version, progressing through each level unlocks FMV clips of scenes taken from the film. The Nintendo 64 version instead features screenshots from the film accompanied by text, shown in between levels, due to storage limitations of the Nintendo 64 cartridge.


text: The game's plot is relative to the "Toy Story 2" film, and begins at Andy's house as Al McWhiggin steals Woody from the family's yard sale. Buzz Lightyear, Hamm, Rex, Slinky, and Mr. Potato Head venture out to find and rescue Woody. After leaving Andy's house, the toys enter the neighborhood in which Andy lives, then proceed to Al's Toy Barn, the penthouse where Al lives and finally the airport terminal and tarmac where the movie ends. Stinky Pete (a.k.a. the Prospector) appears as the game's final boss along with two of his in-game henchmen.


text: In July 1998, Activision licensed the rights to create a video game based on "Toy Story 2". The game was developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Activision. Traveller's Tales had previously developed the original "Toy Story" video game. The home console versions were released as "Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue!", while versions for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh were released under the title "Disney/Pixar's Action Game, Toy Story 2".


text: Development had been underway for some time as of March 1999. The PlayStation and Nintendo 64 versions were unveiled at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in May 1999. In the United States, the game was released for PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Windows, and Macintosh in November 1999, coinciding with the film's theatrical release. In Europe, the PlayStation and Nintendo 64 versions were released on 4 February 2000.


text: Activision also released a Dreamcast version. This version was delayed and ultimately released in the U.S. in July 2000. It is a port of the PlayStation version, and was also developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Activision.


text: In March 2011, "Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue!" was re-released through the PlayStation Network as a PS one Classic, available for download on PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable consoles. In August 2012, it received a downloadable re-release for PlayStation Vita through the European PlayStation Store, while a U.S. Vita re-release followed in January 2013. In Asia, it was re-released in May 2022, as a downloadable game for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5, via the PlayStation Plus service.


text: Following its initial release, the game created controversy for its inclusion of a villain character whose design featured a mustache, a bullet bandolier and a sombrero. In late November 1999, a peaceful protest with more than 120 people was held outside Activision's headquarters by Mestizo activists who perceived the character as an offensive stereotype towards Mexicans. Activision and Disney stated that the character's appearance would be altered in future copies of the game; there were no plans to recall or amend current copies.


text: The PlayStation version of "Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue!" received positive reviews, while the Nintendo 64 and Dreamcast versions received "Mixed or average reviews", according to aggregating review website Metacritic. "Official Nintendo Magazine", reviewing the Nintendo 64 release, called it "a smart platformer that's packed with wacky worlds and cool bosses", but also stated its low difficulty level may deter experienced gamers of the platform genre.


text: The home console/computer version was criticized for its awkward camera, and the limited number of repetitive phrases used by non-playable characters throughout the game. Critics praised the PlayStation version for its graphics and FMV clips, and considered it superior to the Nintendo 64 version, noting its lack of clips. Levi Buchanan of "GameFan" called the PlayStation version "a wonderfully detailed" game with "bright, crisp graphics, incredible audio, and some fantastic movie cutscenes". Buchanan criticized the Nintendo 64 version for blurry textures and "abysmal" pop-up, and stated that the frame rate affected character animations. In addition, Buchanan criticized the Nintendo 64 version's sounds, music, and sluggish camera, and stated that the poor graphics hindered the gameplay. "Official Nintendo Magazine" appreciated the Nintendo 64 release's upbeat music, vibrant color palette of the levels as well as the "smart" boss design, but admitted the graphics looked "grainy" in some areas. Matt Casamassina of IGN also criticized the Nintendo 64 version's pop-up and frame rate, and stated that the game had "washed out visuals and a decidedly blurry look" in comparison to the PlayStation version; he believed that the latter version also had superior controls. Chris Hudak of "The Electric Playground" praised the game's large levels but criticized them for not being interactive enough.


text: Critics for "Game Informer" reviewed the PlayStation version and praised the FMV cutscenes and levels, but criticism was directed at the repetitive gameplay. "Game Informer" praised the "enjoyable" gameplay of the Nintendo 64 version, but also considered it to be monotonous and too easy, while criticizing the lack of cutscenes. AllGame's Brett Alan Weiss praised the PlayStation version for the camera, controls, level design, and the cutscenes, and stated that the character voices, "though redundant, are a plus". However, he considered the game too easy for hardcore gamers. Glenn Wigmore of AllGame praised the Nintendo 64 version for its graphics, sound effects, and control, but was critical of the game's music, considering it to be repetitive.


text: The Dreamcast version was criticized for its difficult controls, including the overly sensitive analog stick, making it difficult to move Buzz in a straight line. Miguel Lopez of GameSpot believed the Dreamcast version had "cleaner-looking" FMV clips but was disappointed that it was essentially the same game as the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation versions, while IGN's Jeremy Dunham believed that the Dreamcast version had better graphics than the previous versions. "GamePro" criticized the Dreamcast version for its graphics and monotonous music. Jeremy Bell of AllGame called the Dreamcast version a "generic-looking dud" and considered the cutscenes to be the game's only "quality graphics". Bell criticized the game graphics for monotonous scenery and bland surface textures and stated that the game had low resolution considering it was developed for the Dreamcast. Bell also criticized the unoriginal gameplay. PlanetDreamcast praised the game's film clips, but criticized its VMU interface, and stated that the game would only appeal to young children. Greg Orlando of "Next Generation" called the Dreamcast version a "shoddy port" with graphics "barely better" than the PlayStation version, while Shaun Conlin of "The Electric Playground" called it "a port of a game that wasn't very good in the first place".


text: Noah Robischon of "Entertainment Weekly" criticized the Windows version for installation problems. "PC Zone" wrote that while the game did not reinvigorate the platform genre, it was "definitely a cut above most merchandising tie-ins". Cathy Lu of "MacAddict" reviewed the Macintosh version and considered it to be addictive. Lu praised the graphics but criticized clipping problems and the jerky camera, as well as high system requirements to play the game.


text: It was among the top 10 best-selling PlayStation games of December 1999. The PlayStation version received a "Gold" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom.


title: Wolfowitz Doctrine

text: Wolfowitz Doctrine is an unofficial name given to the initial version of the Defense Planning Guidance for the 1994–99 fiscal years (dated February 18, 1992) published by US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Paul Wolfowitz and his deputy Scooter Libby. Not intended for public release, it was leaked to the "New York Times" on March 7, 1992, and sparked a public controversy about U.S. foreign and defense policy. The document was widely criticized as imperialist, as the document outlined a policy of unilateralism and pre-emptive military action to suppress potential threats from other nations and prevent dictatorships from rising to superpower status.


title: Wolfowitz Doctrine

text: Such was the outcry that the document was hastily re-written under the close supervision of U.S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell before being officially released on April 16, 1992. Many of its tenets re-emerged in the Bush Doctrine, which was described by Senator Edward M. Kennedy as "a call for 21st century American imperialism that no other nation can or should accept."


title: Wolfowitz Doctrine

text: Wolfowitz was ultimately responsible for the Defense Planning Guidance, as it was released through his office and was reflective of his overall outlook. The task of preparing the document fell to Libby, who delegated the process of writing the new strategy to Zalmay Khalilzad, a member of Libby's staff and longtime aide to Wolfowitz. In the initial phase of drafting the document, Khalilzad solicited the opinions of a wide cross-section of Pentagon insiders and outsiders, including Andrew Marshall, Richard Perle, and Wolfowitz's University of Chicago mentor, the nuclear strategist Albert Wohlstetter. Completing the draft in March 1992, Khalilzad requested permission from Libby to circulate it to other officials within the Pentagon. Libby assented and within three days Khalilzad's draft was released to the New York Times by "an official who believed this post-cold war strategy debate should be carried out in the public domain."


title: Wolfowitz Doctrine

text: The doctrine announces the U.S.'s status as the world’s only remaining superpower following the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War and proclaims its main objective to be retaining that status.


title: Wolfowitz Doctrine

text: The April 16 release was more circumspect and it reaffirmed U.S. commitments to Israel as well as its Arab allies.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: The Battle of Castillon between the forces of England and France took place on 17 July 1453 in Gascony near the town of Castillon-sur-Dordogne (later Castillon-la-Bataille). Historians regard this decisive French victory as marking the end of the Hundred Years' War.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: On the day of the battle, the English commander, John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, believing that the enemy was retreating, led his army in an attack on a fortified French encampment without waiting for reinforcements. Talbot then refused to withdraw even after realizing the strength of the French position, causing his men to suffer severe casualties from the French artillery. Castillon was a major European battle won through the extensive use of field artillery.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: The battle led to the English losing almost all their holdings in France, especially Gascony (Aquitaine), an English possession for the previous three centuries. The balance of power in Europe shifted, and political instability ensued in England.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: The breakdown of the 1420 Treaty of Troyes began the final stage of the Hundred Years' War. This period from 1420 to 1453 is characterized by Anne Curry as the "wars of the Treaty of Troyes" for control of the crown of France.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: After the 1451 French capture of Bordeaux by the armies of Charles VII, the Hundred Years' War appeared to be at an end. The English primarily focused on reinforcing their only remaining possession, Calais, and watching over the seas. After three hundred years of Plantagenet rule, the citizens of Bordeaux considered themselves as subjects of the English monarch and sent messengers to Henry VI of England demanding that he recapture the province.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: On 17 October 1452, the Earl of Shrewsbury landed near Bordeaux with a force of 3,000 men. A feared and famous military leader, Talbot was rumoured to be seventy-five or eighty years old, but it is more likely that he was around sixty-six at the time. With the cooperation of the townspeople, Talbot easily took the city on 23 October. The English subsequently took control over most of western Gascony by the end of the year. The French had known an English expedition was coming, but had expected it to come through Normandy. After this surprise, Charles prepared his forces over the winter, and by early 1453 he was ready to counterattack.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: Charles invaded Guyenne with three separate armies, all headed for Bordeaux. Talbot received 3,000 additional men, reinforcements led by his fourth and favourite son, John, the Viscount Lisle. The French laid siege to Castillon (approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Bordeaux) on 8 July. Talbot acceded to the pleas of the town leaders, abandoning his original plan to wait at Bordeaux for more reinforcements, and set out to relieve the garrison.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: The French army was commanded by committee; Charles VII's ordnance officer Jean Bureau laid out the camp to maximize French artillery strength. In a defensive setup, Bureau's forces built an artillery park out of range from Castillon's guns. According to Desmond Seward, the park "consisted of a deep trench with a wall of earth behind it which was strengthened by tree-trunks; its most remarkable feature was the irregular, wavy line of the ditch and earthwork, which enabled the guns to enfilade any attackers". The park included up to 300 guns of various sizes, and was protected by a ditch and palisade on three sides and a steep bank of the River Lidoire on the fourth.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: Talbot left Bordeaux on 16 July. He outdistanced a majority of his forces, arriving at Libourne by sunset with only 500 men-at-arms and 800 mounted archers. The following day, this force defeated a small French detachment of archers stationed at a priory near Castillon. Despite earlier plans to wait for reinforcements, Talbot pressed his men onward to the French camp, believing the rest of his men would arrive soon.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: Along with the morale boost of victory at the priory, Talbot also pushed forward because of reports that the French were retreating. However, the cloud of dust leaving the camp which the townsmen indicated as a retreat was in fact created by camp followers departing before the battle.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: The English advanced but soon ran into the full force of the French army. Despite being outnumbered and in a vulnerable position, Talbot ordered his men to continue fighting. Historian A.J. Pollard suggests this seemingly reckless behaviour from Talbot may be due to the fact that his "pride and honour were at stake for he had already ordered his men to battle when he discovered the strength of the French position". The only Englishman who remained mounted in the battle, he also did not wear armour due to previous agreements with the French when he was released from captivity in Normandy.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: According to David Nicolle, the battle itself was "highly characteristic of the period" with the strong field fortification of the French and the small-arms fighting of the battle. In many ways, this battle played out like the Battle of Crécy in "reverse". The French guns obliterated the advancing soldiers, with each shot reportedly killing six men at a time. Talbot's reinforcements continued to arrive at the battle, only to suffer the same fate in their turn. Despite the odds against the English, the battle lasted over an hour until a thousand-strong Breton cavalry force led by Peter II, Duke of Brittany, crashed into their right flank, sending them into retreat.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: The battle ended in an English rout, and both Talbot and his son were killed. There is some debate over the circumstances of Talbot's death, but it appears that his horse was killed by a cannon shot, and its mass pinning him down, a French archer in turn killed him with an axe.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: With Talbot's death, English authority in Gascony eroded and the French retook Bordeaux on 19 October. It was not apparent to either side that the period of conflict was over. In hindsight, the battle marks a decisive turning point in history, and is cited as the endpoint of the period known as the Hundred Years' War. This was a major European battle won through the extensive use of field artillery.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: Henry VI of England lost his mental capacity in late 1453, which led to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses in England. Some have speculated that learning of the defeat at Castillon led to his mental collapse. The English Crown lost all its continental possessions except for the Pale of Calais, which was the last English possession in mainland France, and the Channel Islands, historically part of the Duchy of Normandy and thus of the Kingdom of France. Calais was lost in 1558. The Channel Islands have remained British Crown Dependencies to the present day, except for their German occupation during World War II.


title: Battle of Castillon

text: A casualty after the battle of Castillon was Pierre II de Montferrand, husband of Mary Plantagenet, illegitimate daughter of the Duke of Bedford and a granddaughter of Henry IV of England. While returning to France after being exiled in England, Montferrand was arrested and taken to Poitiers where he was tried by a commission. Having been found guilty he was beheaded and quartered, possibly on the orders of Charles VII, at Poitiers, in July 1454. Montferrand was one of only a few nobles known to have been executed for treason during the reign of Charles VII.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: Colorado is divided into 7 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: The districts are currently represented in the 117th United States Congress by 4 Democrats and 3 Republicans.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: Starting in the 2022 mid-term elections, per the 2020 United States census, Colorado will gain a new congressional seat, Colorado's 8th congressional district.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: The Territory of Colorado was represented by one non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from its organization on Thursday, February 2, 1861, until statehood on Tuesday, August 1, 1876.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: The State of Colorado was represented by one United States representative elected at-large from statehood in 1876 until the end of the 52nd United States Congress in 1893. Colorado was represented by two United States representatives elected from two congressional districts from 1893 until the end of the 57th United States Congress in 1903. Colorado was represented by three United States representatives elected from two districts and one at-large from 1903 until the end of the 62nd United States Congress in 1913. Colorado was represented by four United States representatives elected from two districts and two at-large in the 63rd United States Congress from 1913 until 1915.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: Since the 1914 United States House of Representatives elections, all U.S. Representatives from the State of Colorado have been elected from congressional districts. Colorado has been represented by four United States representatives from 1913 until the end of the 92nd United States Congress in 1973, five United States representatives from 1973 until the end of the 97th United States Congress in 1983, six United States representatives from 1983 until the end of the 107th United States Congress in 2003, and seven United States representatives since 2003.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: List of members of the Colorado United States House delegation, their terms, their district boundaries, and their district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 7 members, including 4 Democrats, and 3 Republicans as of 2018.


title: Colorado's congressional districts

text: Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Colorado, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Colorado between 1973 and 2013 are shown.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: Taylor Jay Harwood-Bellis (born 30 January 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Burnley on loan from Manchester City. Harwood-Bellis has represented his country at U16, U17, U19, U20 and U21 level.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: From Stockport, Harwood-Bellis started playing with Manchester City from the age of six. He came through the same Stockport Metro Junior League that produced City team-mate Phil Foden. Harwood-Bellis formed a centre-back partnership with Eric Garcia as part of the City youth side that made it to the FA Youth Cup final in 2019.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 24 September 2019, Harwood-Bellis made his professional debut when he was named in the starting line up for Manchester City's EFL Cup tie away against Preston North End. He made his second appearance for City and his debut in European competitions with his 82nd-minute introduction during a 4–1 victory over Dinamo Zagreb in the Champions League group stage on 11 December 2019.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 4 January 2020, Harwood-Bellis scored his first goal for Manchester City in a 4–1 win against Port Vale in the FA Cup. On 7 December 2020, Harwood-Bellis signed a four-year contract extension, keeping him at the club until 2024.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 1 February 2021, Harwood-Bellis joined Championship side Blackburn Rovers on loan for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. Five days later, he made his debut for Blackburn as a substitute for Ryan Nyambe in a 0–1 away league defeat by Queens Park Rangers.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 27 June, Harwood-Bellis joined Belgian First Division A side Anderlecht on a season-long loan deal.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 11 January 2022, Harwood-Bellis joined Championship side Stoke City on loan until the end of the 2021–22 season. Harwood-Bellis was a regular in the side for the remainder of the season, playing 24 times as Stoke finished in 14th position.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 1 July 2022, Harwood-Bellis joined Championship side Burnley on loan for the 2022–23 season. He scored his first goal for the club on 13 September in a 1–1 draw against Preston North End.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: Harwood-Bellis captained the England under-17 team at the 2019 UEFA European Under-17 Championship and scored in a group stage defeat against the Netherlands.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: Harwood-Bellis made his U20 debut during a 2–0 victory over Wales at St. George's Park on 13 October 2020.


title: Taylor Harwood-Bellis

text: On 27 August 2021, Harwood-Bellis received his first call up for the England U21s. On 7 September 2021, he made his England U21 debut during the 2-0 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification win over Kosovo U21s at Stadium MK. On 25 March 2022, Harwood-Bellis captained the U21s for the first time during a 4-1 win over Armenia at Bournemouth.


title: Roger Kirby

text: Roger Sinclair Kirby FRCS(Urol), FEBU (born November 1950) is a British retired prostate surgeon and professor of urology, researcher, writer on men's health and prostate disease, founding editor of the journal "Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases" and "Trends in Urology and Men's Health" and a fundraiser for prostate disease charities, best known for his use of the da Vinci surgical robot for laparoscopic prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer. He is a co-founder and president of the charity The Urology Foundation (TUF), vice-president of the charity Prostate Cancer UK, trustee of the King Edward VII's Hospital and as of 2020 is president of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM), London.


title: Roger Kirby

text: Following his medical education and training at the St John's College, Cambridge and Middlesex Hospital, London, and with a distinction in surgery, he took various surgical posts across England. In 1979 he gained fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. His early research involved looking at how nerves work to control the muscles used to control passing urine, findings of which disproved the then held belief that retention of urine in some women was psychological, and work that contributed to gaining his MD in 1986. In the same year, he was both elected Hunterian professor with his lecture titled "The Investigation and Management of the Neurogenic Bladder", and appointed consultant urologist at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. He later took over from John Wickham and subsequently became one of the first urologists in the UK to perform open radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancers. In 1995, he became a professor of urology and Director of Postgraduate Education at St George's Hospital, London, and in 2005 he established The Prostate Centre in Wimpole Street, London, with the purpose of offering minimally invasive laparoscopic prostatectomy with a more holistic approach, advising on a wide range of men's health, including diet and exercise.


title: Roger Kirby

text: An advocate of monitoring one's own personal PSA level and having spent his surgical career researching and treating prostate cancer, he was diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer himself in 2012, and featured in the 2013 "Tale of Four Prostates", where he was one of four surgeons who freely discussed the diagnosis, treatment and its implications, with the aim of dispelling its surrounding taboos.


title: Roger Kirby

text: Roger Kirby was born in Buckinghamshire to Janet and Kenneth Kirby. His father was a professor of biochemistry and fellow of the Royal Society who worked as head of cell chemistry at what was then called the Chester Beatty Research Institute. He died in 1967 at the age of 49, when Kirby was 16.


title: Roger Kirby

text: He attended Berkhamsted School for Boys with his older and younger brother, where the three also played on the school's rugby team.


title: Roger Kirby

text: Kirby graduated in medical sciences from St John's College, Cambridge, in 1972 and completed his clinical training at the Middlesex Hospital (later merged with University College), where he was inspired by lead urologist Richard Turner-Warwick. He gained his MB BChir from Cambridge in 1975, with a distinction in surgery, the decisive turning point that led him towards surgery rather than cardiology.


title: Roger Kirby

text: His first house job was at the Cheltenham General Hospital, where he worked with surgeon Peter Boreham, who encouraged him to pursue the field of urology and particularly prostate disease. Subsequently, he took up posts at Brighton, Wolverhampton, and Gloucester. His other teachers have included Ken Shuttleworth and Wyndam Lloyd Davies. He passed in the final Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in 1979. Kirby later described how a number of people in the 1970s had not heard of the prostate gland. During this time, he had attended to a number of people with large prostates that blocked urine flow and a number of people with inflammation of the prostate, which caused pain. When he did see someone with prostate cancer, only two basic surgical options were available on offer: removing the testicles or an operation that removed the middle of the prostate, the latter being performed to improve the flow of urine.


title: Roger Kirby

text: In 1985, Kirby spent five weeks at the Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina, USA, on a Royal College of Surgeons travelling scholarship. Earlier, as a research fellow at the Middlesex, he met Clare Fowler and together they published research articles on how nerves work to control the muscles used to control passing urine, work that formed the basis of both Fowler's future contributions to continence issues in people with neurological conditions, and Kirby's doctoral thesis. In 1986 they published their findings that disproved the then widely held belief that retention of urine in some women was psychological or hysterical. The condition came to be known as Fowler's syndrome and has been found to be potentially treatable. In the same year he gained his MD from Cambridge, and was elected the Hunterian professorship with a lecture titled "The Investigation and Management of the Neurogenic Bladder". It was published in the "Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England", where Kirby showed how the use of EMG could distinguish between people with pelvic nerve injury, distal autonomic neuropathy, progressive autonomic failure– multiple system atrophy, and idiopathic Parkinson's disease, thus influencing the selection of people for surgery via the urethra. In 1986, as the PSA test was coming into use, Kirby was also appointed consultant urologist at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and later took over from John Wickham.