title: Love You like a Love Song

text: The song received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who criticized its lyrics and Gomez's monotone vocals. John Bergstrom of "PopMatters" expressed a mixed opinion about the song, writing it "benefits from a great title, and the squishy Eurodisco rhythm is credible, catchy and even sultry. But it's all undone by a stuttering, Max Headroom non-chorus."


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: Victoria Meng of TheCelebrityCafe, in her review of the single, found faults with the lyrics and the production. Calling the production "sub-par", Meng criticized it for sounding "mechanical" due to the electronic nature, writing "a love song shouldn’t sound mechanical unless it’s deliberately meant to be subversive and to highlight dark, pathological obsessions like in many of Lady Gaga's songs." Meng also criticized it for the use of monotone vocals and Auto-Tune, in regards to a love song which she claims should be "passionate". Meng found the lyrics to be "mediocre", writing "to surround them with a beautiful tune" would help them stand out. Blair Kelly of musicOMH expressed similar feelings towards the song; she deemed it "forgettable" and stated it and "Bang Bang Bang" were both "wannabe electro-pop songs which lack both lyrical merit and a really catchy hook to make up for it."


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: "Love You Like a Love Song" was released as the follow up single to "Who Says", which was achieving moderate chart success during the time of the single's release. In the United States, it debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on the week ending July 9, 2011, at number 71. In the two weeks following the release of "When the Sun Goes Down", the song rose to number 66 and number 35. It continued to descend the chart for months, falling outside the top fifty.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: "Love You Like a Love Song" got its second wind after November 26, 2011, as it continued rising from the fiftieth position up until March 3, 2012, when it reached a peak of number 22, surpassing the peak made in July 2011. At the end of that month, the song surpassed sales of two million units, becoming their first single to achieve this sales and her highest selling single in the United States. The song also earned the band their second highest-charting single, behind "Who Says", and their longest running single on the Hot 100 at 38 weeks. The song also earned the band the first album to spawn two top thirty hits. On April 20, 2012, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single double platinum. It has sold 2.7 million copies in the US as of May 2017 and is Gomez's best-selling song in her career.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: In Canada, "Love You Like a Love Song" entered the Canadian Hot 100 at number 64 on July 9, 2011. The song rose to number 21 in the following week. It ascended and descended inside the top 30 for eighteen weeks until it peaked at number 10 on November 19, 2011. The song lasted another fifteen weeks inside the top 30 and exited the charts after forty-two weeks.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: "Love You Like a Love Song" did not replicate its North American success in Western Europe, though in Belgium, the song was a success, peaking at number 15 and charted for thirteen weeks. In New Zealand, the song entered the singles chart at number 34 and peaked at number 21 two weeks later. In Australia, it peaked at number 48 and, despite lasting two weeks on the chart, was certified gold for shipments of 35,000 units by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). In Sweden, the song peaked at number 41 on the singles chart and earned a gold certification by the Swedish Recording Industry Association (GLF) for shipments of 10,000 units. The song showed similar success across Europe, peaking in the lower end of the top fifty in several other countries, though it went to #1 in Russia staying 20 weeks atop (the most of any song), and top 3 in several other Eastern European countries. It also made #1 in both Taiwan and the People's Republic of China.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: The music video was directed by Geremy Jasper and Georgie Greville, who previously worked with Goldfrapp and Florence & The Machine. Gomez considered the video as "the craziest video I've ever done", and commented, "[s]ometimes when you're in love, there are things you can't really explain and it doesn't make sense. That's how I feel when I'm in love." The video was released on June 23, 2011, on VEVO. Around the same time, the video would play during commercial breaks on Disney Channel.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: It begins with the singer at a Japanese karaoke bar, watching a man sing the band's previous single "Naturally" off-key before he wanders off stage, a scene criticized for being similar to the opening scene of Maroon 5's video for their 2004 single "Sunday Morning". Gomez, who wears a golden disco-style dress, is called to the stage, where she starts to sing the song. As the first line begins, the karaoke machine begins projecting various images of the band in different settings. The first set features Gomez wearing a long black dress with poker-straight hair on a violet-sanded beach. The close ups with her dark sleeveless top, hairstyle, hair color, goth like makeup, and with her hands gesturing towards the camera bear a striking resemblance with Avril Lavigne's Complicated videoclip. She then walks the beach with a long-haired blond male hippie (actor/model Oliver Seitz), and lays in the sand while he plays sitar and time-lapsed clouds speed away overhead. In the chorus, many TV screens show images of Gomez in drag looking similar to 1980s icon Max Headroom.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: During the second verse of the song, Gomez and the pianist are in a heavenly cloud-scape, both dressed in a style inspired by the 1984 film "Amadeus". She sings atop the triangular piano while he plays. She then glances at a TV screen displaying the next scene. Donning 1950s dress, Gomez rides in the passenger seat of a convertible car driven by a greaser, played by actor Charan Andreas on a Tron-esque computer grid in outer space. The song's breakdown takes place in a large field of fuchsia wheat. Gomez sports a bejeweled bustier, black tutu, and black thigh-high boots while playing piñata with a pink lightsaber. She is surrounded by a Mariachi band consisting of The Scene and others playing Roland AX-7 synth keytars and a Yamaha WX5 wind controller. In the video's conclusion, The Scene comes into the bar to watch their lead singer finish her song, as the men from the fantasy sequences are shown to be in the audience as well. Gomez then bows to applause from the small audience. The beach was filmed in Malibu, California.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: In a May 2018 interview with Victoria Rodriguez of "Seventeen", actor Timothy Granaderos, who portrays the character of Monty in the Gomez-produced Netflix drama "13 Reasons Why", confirmed he played the purple-masked mariachi band member, who plays the Yamaha WX5 wind controller, in the video.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: Before the official release of the music video, a leaked photo from the set of Gomez, the hippie, and two pink-colored horses drew controversy during production. Although the horses were colored using a nontoxic water-soluble vegetable powder, when singer and PETA supporter Pink saw the photo, she assumed the horses had been colored traditionally using toxic paints or dyes. Pink criticized the video, which had not even been released, as "stupid". On her arrival to the video's set, Gomez was reportedly surprised to see the horses were physically colorized, having assumed their color would be added in post-production.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: According to Gomez, she "was not so comfortable with the whole concept" of having horses in the video, and it was later announced the animals would not appear in the final cut of the video, despite on-set supervision from an official of the Humane Society and the horses not having been harmed or endangered in any way. James Dihn of MTV Newsroom commented Gomez was not the first celebrity to be criticized by PETA, naming Britney Spears and her music video for "Circus" (2008), as well as 50 Cent and Lady Gaga, as examples. Following the release on VEVO, Becky Bain of Idolator noted "most of these scenes have absolutely nothing to do with one another", but considered it "pretty entertaining even without pink horses", joking about the PETA controversy. Jocelyn Vena of MTV summarized her review of the music video saying, "Selena Gomez may have been born in 1992, but that doesn't mean that the teen queen can't get a little nostalgic for the '80s."


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: Gomez performed the song on "Good Morning America" on June 17, 2011. The song has also been performed on the UK program "Daybreak" on July 8, 2011. She also performed it at the Teen Choice Awards on Sunday, August 7, 2011. Gomez performed the song on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" on September 19, 2011. The song was also performed on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" on November 17, 2011. Gomez and her band performed the song at their first headlining tour We Own the Night Tour.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: Gomez and her band won a Teen Choice Award for Best Love Song and also won Teen Choice Award for Best Group after they performed their song at the show.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: In 2012, Naya Rivera performed the song as her character Santana Lopez in the third-season episode "Prom-asaurus" of the television series "Glee".


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: "RuPaul's Drag Race" contestant Willam Belli parodied the song on his album "The Wreckoning", entitled "Love You Like a Big Schlong".


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: The song was covered by Marshall Williams and Kelli Berglund in the Disney Channel television film "How to Build a Better Boy", as their characters Albert Banks and Mae Hartley respectively.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: In 2014, Cats on Trees released a cover version of the song. It charted on the SNEP, the official French Singles Chart peaking number 44 and 43 at Wallonia.


title: Love You like a Love Song

text: During late 2021 and early 2022, the song has had a huge publicity on the video sharing service and social media TikTok, where slowed and reverbed versions of the song have gained almost 2 million videos and millions of views combined.


title: Pat Benatar discography

text: This is the discography of American singer Pat Benatar. It consists of 11 studio albums, nine live albums, 27 compilation albums, 39 singles, and 34 music videos.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The 2012–13 season was Chelsea Football Club's 99th competitive season, 24th consecutive season in the top flight of English football, 21st consecutive season in the Premier League, and 107th year in existence as a football club. Chelsea's victory in the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League for the first time in their history qualified them for the season's UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup, although through finishing third in their Champions League group Chelsea competed in the UEFA Europa League for the first time since the 2002–03 season – then known as the UEFA Cup.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 13 June 2012, Roberto Di Matteo signed a two-year contract, becoming Chelsea's permanent manager, having been appointed as interim manager after the sacking of André Villas-Boas during the 2011–12 season. However, on 21 November 2012, Di Matteo was sacked after a 3–0 loss away to Juventus in the UEFA Champions League, with Rafael Benítez replacing him as interim manager until the end of the season. On 15 May 2013, Chelsea won their first and only silverware of the season, winning the Europa League final against Portuguese side Benfica. They finished the Premier League season in third place.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The season was the first since 2003-04 without Didier Drogba, who joined Galatasaray and as well 2006-07 without Nicolas Anelka who joined Juventus.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Excluding players such as Marko Marin, who was signed during the previous season, Chelsea made their first signing of the new campaign on 4 June, signing Belgian international winger Eden Hazard from Lille for an undisclosed fee rumoured to be £32 million. Three days later, the club lost a bid to purchase nearby Battersea Power Station which they considered converting to a stadium and make it their new home ground.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Roberto Di Matteo, who had won the Champions League in the previous season as interim manager, was given a two-year contract as first-team manager on 13 June. On 20 June, Didier Drogba, who scored more than 150 goals for Chelsea in his eight seasons, completed his free transfer to Chinese club Shanghai Shenhua.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: At the Westminster Magistrates' Court, John Terry was found not guilty of racially abusing Anton Ferdinand. The district judge concluded "there being a doubt, the only verdict the court can record is one of not guilty." Chelsea announced a "global energy partnership" with Russian energy firm Gazprom in a three-year deal with a value deemed "commercially confidential", which will help reduce the club's deficits under UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations. On 28 July, the club completed the signing of Brazilian midfielder Oscar from Internacional for a reported £25 million fee.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 2 August, Kevin De Bruyne was sent on a season-long loan deal to Werder Bremen of the German Bundesliga. Chelsea played their first competitive match of the season in the Community Shield at Villa Park on 12 August, but lost 3–2 to Manchester City and had Branislav Ivanović sent off. The club officially announced the signings of Spanish right-back César Azpilicueta from Marseille and forward Victor Moses from Wigan Athletic on 24 August.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea's Premier League campaign began on 19 August with a 0–2 victory in an away match against Wigan Athletic. Both goals came within in the first ten minutes, the first from Branislav Ivanović and then a Frank Lampard penalty after Eden Hazard was fouled. The Blues won their second match 4–2 against Reading, and made it three wins out of three with a 2–0 win over Newcastle United. Chelsea lost 4–1 to Atlético Madrid in the 2012 UEFA Super Cup, for whom Radamel Falcao scored a hat-trick.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On transfer deadline day, Michael Essien left on a season-long loan deal with Real Madrid, signed by José Mourinho, who had previously signed him for Chelsea. Two more players left Chelsea on season-long loans the same day, as Yossi Benayoun went to West Ham United and Gaël Kakuta joined Dutch club Vitesse Arnhem.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 3 September Chelsea sold Portuguese midfielder Raul Meireles to Turkish club Fenerbahçe for £8 million, due to Turkey's transfer window closing later than England's. Ryan Bertrand signed a five-year contract to extend his career at Chelsea until the summer of 2017. Chelsea's run of three consecutive league wins from the start of the season ended on 15 September as they drew 0–0 away to Queens Park Rangers. Before the game, Anton Ferdinand refused to shake John Terry's and Ashley Cole's hand in the pre-match handshake.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea began their defence of the UEFA Champions League on 19 September, at home to Juventus, and went 2–0 up with Oscar's first goals for the club before Juventus equalised. Brazilian defender David Luiz signed a new five-year contract at the club. On 22 September, Ashley Cole was the unlikely hero as Chelsea scored a dramatic late winner to defeat Stoke City at home. Chelsea beat Wolverhampton Wanderers 6–0 in the League Cup, with goals coming from Gary Cahill, Juan Mata, Fernando Torres and first goals for Victor Moses, Oriol Romeu and Ryan Bertrand.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea captain John Terry was banned for four games and fined £220,000 by the FA for racially abusing QPR defender Anton Ferdinand. On 29 September, Chelsea became the first team of the season to defeat Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium, with a 1–2 victory which put the Blues three points clear at the top after six matches.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea won for the first time in their 2012–13 Champions League campaign by defeating Danish champions Nordsjælland 0–4 away with goals from Ramires, David Luiz and two from playmaker Juan Mata. On 6 October, Fernando Torres, Frank Lampard, Eden Hazard and Branislav Ivanović scored in Chelsea's 4–1 home victory over Norwich City, before travelling to London rivals Tottenham Hotspur on 20 October for a 2–4 victory, with goals from Gary Cahill, Daniel Sturridge and two from Juan Mata. This was Chelsea's first victory at Tottenham's White Hart Lane since the FA Cup Quarter-Final Replay in 2007.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 23 October, Chelsea lost their first Champions League match for the season as they lost 2–1 to Shakhtar Donetsk in Ukraine. Both Branislav Ivanović and Fernando Torres were sent off in Chelsea's home Premier League match against Manchester United on 28 October, a game which saw Chelsea go 0–2 down and equalise before a controversially late winner from United's Javier Hernández. Later, Chelsea Lodged an official complaint based on Mikel John Obi claiming the referee Mark Clattenburg had used "inappropriate language." Clattenburg was cleared of the accusations on 22 November. On 31 October, Chelsea defeated Manchester United 5–4 in the fourth round of the League Cup, coming from behind three times to force extra time before goals from Daniel Sturridge and Ramires secured the win for the Blues.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea playmaker Juan Mata was voted Premier League Player of the Month for October after scoring three goals and contributing three assists. On 3 November, Chelsea fell from first place in the Premier League (held since 25 August) after a 1–1 draw at Swansea City's Liberty Stadium. Chelsea kept up hope of qualifying from their Champions League group by defeating Shakhtar Donetsk 3–2 at home with an injury-time winner from Victor Moses on 7 November. The victory put Chelsea on top of Group E with two games to play. Chelsea then failed to win for their fourth Premier League match in a row after West Bromwich Albion beat them 2–1 away at The Hawthorns on 17 November. The defeat widened the gap between Chelsea and first-place by four points.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Roberto Di Matteo was dismissed from his position on 21 November, the morning after a 3–0 away defeat to Juventus, which put Chelsea at risk of being eliminated from the Champions League, ending a 262-day tenure which saw him win the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League and the 2011–12 FA Cup for Chelsea. On the same day, former Liverpool manager Rafael Benítez was appointed as the club's interim manager until the end of the season. His first act of his tenure was to name Dutchman Boudewijn Zenden, a former Chelsea midfielder who had played under him at Liverpool, as his assistant.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea midfielder Mikel John Obi was charged with misconduct by the FA after his allegations of racial abuse against referee Mark Clattenburg in the October fixture against Manchester United were found to be baseless. Mikel later received a three-match ban and a £60,000 fine as punishment for his behaviour after the match against Manchester United in October. Benítez's first game in charge was a goalless draw with 2011–12 Premier League winners Manchester City on 25 November. Despite not scoring, Chelsea kept their first clean sheet since the 1–0 win over Stoke City on 22 September. The club's next game, a West London Derby against Fulham, again ended 0–0, leaving Chelsea seven points off the top and six off second place.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 1 December, Benítez lost for the first time in his Chelsea tenure after Chelsea were beaten 3–1 away to London rivals West Ham United. Three days later, Chelsea confirmed the signing of Brazil under-20 right back Wallace from Rio de Janeiro-based club Fluminense for an undisclosed fee. The option to sign a player from Fluminense was part of the deal that saw former Chelsea midfielder Deco join the team in 2010. On 5 December, it was announced that Mikel John Obi had agreed to extended his Chelsea contract until summer 2017.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 5 December, Chelsea beat Nordsjælland 6–1 to record their biggest-ever Champions League win and Rafael Benítez's first win as manager, but due to other results, they were eliminated after finishing in third place, becoming the first reigning champions to exit the tournament at the group stage. On 8 December, Chelsea beat Sunderland 1–3 away with Fernando Torres scoring a brace. The victory was Chelsea's first league win in eight matches.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea entered the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup at the semi-final stage, where they beat CONCACAF champions Monterrey of Mexico 3–1 on 13 December, before losing 1–0 in the final to Corinthians of Brazil in the Yokohama Stadium three days later. Gary Cahill was sent off in injury time for violent conduct towards Corinthians' Emerson.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The club returned to England with a 5–1 home victory in the League Cup against Leeds United on 19 December, coming from a goal down at half-time to reach the semi-finals of the tournament. The club's first Premier League match since the Club World Cup was an 8–0 victory over Aston Villa on 23 December, followed by a 0–1 win at Norwich City's Carrow Road three days later. A third consecutive Premier League victory was confirmed in the last match of 2012, which saw Frank Lampard score twice as Chelsea came from behind to win 1–2 away to Everton on 30 December, ending the Liverpool-based club's unbeaten home season.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea made their first purchase of the January transfer window on 2 January by triggering the release clause in the contract of Newcastle United's Senegalese forward Demba Ba. Ba, who had scored 13 times in the season for his former club, was signed for £7 million. On the same day, Chelsea sold striker Daniel Sturridge to Liverpool for an undisclosed fee reported to be £12 million. Sturridge played 96 games for Chelsea in three-and-a-half seasons, scoring 24 goals.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The year opened with a 0–1 home defeat to bottom-of-the-table West London rivals QPR, with the goal coming from former Chelsea winger Shaun Wright-Phillips. However, Chelsea made progress in the third round of the FA Cup, where they beat Southampton 1–5 away at St Mary's on 5 January. Ba scored twice on his debut, while Frank Lampard scored his 193rd goal, moving him equal to Kerry Dixon as Chelsea's second-highest goalscorer of all time.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 9 January, two defensive mistakes from defender Branislav Ivanović caused a 0–2 home loss in the League Cup first semi-final leg tie against Swansea City. In their next Premier League match, on 12 January, Chelsea ended Stoke City's 17-game unbeaten home run by winning 0–4 away. Lampard's converted penalty, his 194th goal, moved him above Dixon's total. However, the following home match against Southampton on 16 January saw Chelsea give away a 2–0 half-time lead, opened by Ba's first Premier League goal, to draw 2–2. The Blues then defeated London rivals Arsenal 2–1 on 20 January, with early goals from Juan Mata and Frank Lampard cutting Chelsea's deficit behind second-place Manchester City to six points.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 23 January, Chelsea drew the second leg of their League Cup semi-final against Swansea City, which sent Swansea through to the final. Chelsea's Eden Hazard was given a straight red card for an alleged violent attack on a Swansea ballboy.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: In the Fourth Round of the FA Cup, on 27 January, Chelsea went behind twice before a late Fernando Torres equaliser forced a replay against fellow West London club Brentford of League One. Chelsea's final Premier League game of the month, played on 30 January, saw them draw 2–2 for a second time in a week, conceding a 0–2 lead in the final three minutes away to Reading. Despite drawing, Frank Lampard's goal in the game made him the first midfielder in Premier League history to score ten or more goals in ten consecutive seasons.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 2 February, Chelsea lost their first away game since 1 December, losing 3–2 to Newcastle United, for whom Moussa Sissoko scored a late winner. On 6 February, Ashley Cole became the first Chelsea player to earn 100 England caps when he played in a friendly against Brazil at Wembley. On 9 February, Chelsea defeated Wigan Athletic 4–1 to go within four points of second-placed Manchester City, with Marko Marin scoring for the first time. His goal was the club's 100th of the season in all competitions


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea won their first Europa League match since the 2002–03 season on 14 February, beating Sparta Prague 0–1 at the Generali Arena through a late Oscar goal. Three days later, Chelsea triumphed in their FA Cup replay match against Brentford, reaching the fifth round of the FA Cup. In the second leg against Sparta Prague on 21 February, an injury time equaliser from Eden Hazard prevented the game from going to extra time by putting the club through 2–1 on aggregate.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 24 February, Chelsea lost away to Manchester City, with Frank Lampard missing a second half penalty as the club lost 2–0. In their last game of the month, on 27 February, Chelsea won away in their FA Cup 5th round tie against Middlesbrough with second-half goals from Ramires and Victor Moses.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea began the month with a 1–0 home win over West Bromwich Albion on 2 March, with Demba Ba scoring the only goal of the match. On 7 March 2013, Chelsea lost the first leg of their last 16 Europa League tie away against Steaua București, with Ryan Bertrand conceding a penalty which was converted as the only goal of the match. In the 6th round of the FA Cup against Manchester United at Old Trafford, Chelsea conceded two early goals before a second half comeback with goals by Ramires and Eden Hazard earned a home replay. Chelsea managed to overturn their Europa League deficit with a 3–1 victory to advance 3–2 on aggregate, in a match in which Fernando Torres scored the winning goal.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: April began with the FA Cup replay to Manchester United, winning it 1–0 thanks to a spectacular second half Demba Ba goal. Three days later, the club won their first leg Europa League tie against Russian side Rubin Kazan 3–1 with two goals from Fernando Torres and one from Victor Moses. With their third game in only seven days, Chelsea played Sunderland in the Premier League and came back down from 0–1 to win 2–1, the winner scored by Branislav Ivanović. Chelsea then played the second leg against Rubin Kazan on 11 April, losing 3–2 on the night but winning 5–4 on aggregate, sending them into the semi-finals of the competition. On 14 April, Chelsea met Manchester City in the FA cup semi-finals, where they lost 1–2 and were thus eliminated.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 11 May, Frank Lampard broke Chelsea's all-time goal-scoring record by scoring two against Aston Villa, earning him his 203rd goal for Chelsea. On 15 May, Chelsea won the Europa League final 1–2 against Benfica. The day after Chelsea won the Europa League, Lampard signed a one-year contract extension with Chelsea. On 19 May, Chelsea ended the season with a 2–1 home-win against Everton, finishing in third place and qualifying for the 2013–14 Champions League.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea then went to an post-season trip to the United States, where they would meet Manchester City in two friendly matches. Chelsea's first match ended in disappointment as they let slip a three-goal lead at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri. Rafael Benítez's last game in charge for the Blues ended in a 3–5 defeat to Manchester City at Yankee Stadium in New York City on 25 May. It was also the last game for Paulo Ferreira, who retired after the match, as well as Yossi Benayoun's final match in a Chelsea shirt.


title: 2012–13 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 26 May, Chelsea announced that they had agreed to play in the inaugural Guinness International Champions Cup in the U.S. – Chelsea will join Milan, Internazionale, Juventus, Real Madrid, Valencia, Everton and the LA Galaxy in the competition. On 28 May, Rafael Benítez was released from his contract with Chelsea to become the new manager of Italian side Napoli.


title: Windowlicker

text: "Windowlicker" is a song by British electronic musician Aphex Twin, released on 22 March 1999 as a single by Warp Records. The artwork for the single was created by Chris Cunningham, with additional work by The Designers Republic. Cunningham also directed the song's music video, which was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Video.


title: Windowlicker

text: The song peaked at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, and was later voted by fans as Warp Records' most popular song for its 2009 "Warp20" compilation. "Pitchfork" included the song at number 12 on their list "Top 200 Tracks of the 90s".


title: Windowlicker

text: "Windowlicker" focuses stylistically on "eerie lounge-porn music" and features rapid breakbeat drum programming and heavily manipulated vocals. According to "CMJ New Music", the track's "electro drum kicks, warped vocal samples and sleazy, erotic ambiance connote images and emotions alien to James's previous compositions." Gasps and moans reminiscent of sexual vocal tones "glide in and out of the production"; some speculate that the vocals are James's own treated voice. The track consists of various sections, including a drum'n'bass intro, a "gooey middle section", and an abrasive noise ending, as well featuring a consistent melodic element throughout."DJ Mag" labeled its sound an "uncompromising cyborg R&B," while "Fact" labeled it "R&B and hip-hop written in the language of glitches and breakbeats."


title: Windowlicker

text: In 2012, "Pitchfork" stated that the track's futuristic elements presaged various musical developments, including "Flying Lotus' digital deconstruction, James Blake's bent vocals, [and] the wobble and knock of dubstep". Similarly, "Stereogum" stated that "the song's mix of unpredictable syncopation, digital-dub alien transformations, errant noises, and bursts of melody would serve as a starting block for much of today's electronic music".


title: Windowlicker

text: A spectrogram of "Windowlicker" reveals a spiral at the end of the song. This spiral is more impressive when viewed with an X-Y scatter graph, X and Y being the amplitudes of the L and R channels, which shows expanding and contracting concentric circles and spirals.


title: Windowlicker

text: The effect was achieved through use of the Mac-based program MetaSynth. This program allows the user to insert a digital image as the spectrogram. MetaSynth will then convert the spectrogram to digital sound and "play" the picture. According to an article on the website "Wired News", photographs run through the program tend to produce "a kind of discordant, metallic scratching".


title: Windowlicker

text: A logarithmic spectrogram of "Δ"M" = −"α"Σ"D"["n"] [Σ"F"["n" − 1] +"F"ext["n"<nowiki>]]</nowiki>" (commonly known as 'Equation' or 'Formula') reveals a portrait of James' face near the end of the track, grinning.


title: Windowlicker

text: The "Windowlicker" single contains its title track and two B-sides. Track two, commonly known as "[Formula]", "[Equation]", or, as translated on the Japanese edition, "[Symbol]", due to its actual title being a complex mathematical formula ("Δ"M" = −"α"Σ"D"["n"] [Σ"F"["n" − 1] + "F"ext["n"]]"), has a very experimental sound. Track three, "Nannou", dedicated to his then-girlfriend, is made up of wind-up music box samples.


title: Windowlicker

text: The music video for "Windowlicker" was directed by Chris Cunningham, who had also directed Aphex Twin's previous music video, "Come to Daddy". It is a ten-minute long parody of contemporary American gangsta hip-hop music videos. In the video, two foul-mouthed young men (a Latino and an African American) in Los Angeles are window shopping for women; the French term for window shopping is "faire du lèche-vitrine", which literally translates to "licking the windows"; "window licker" and "window licking" are pejorative British English terms. They come across two women (referred to in the end credits as "hoochies") who repeatedly turn down their advances. Suddenly, a ridiculously long white limousine (38 windows in length, including the driver's window, which takes 20 seconds to fully display) crashes into the two men's black Mazda Miata NA (MX5) convertible, and a "pimped-out" Richard D. James, displaying a hyperbolic amount of wealth and power, emerges with his signature fixed grin, at which point the song begins. After emerging from the limousine, James begins provocatively dancing with an umbrella bearing the Aphex Twin logo in an attempt to seduce the two women. The women then accompany James in his limousine while their faces morph into James' own likeness. When they emerge from the limousine's sunroof, the young men try to woo them again but fail. The men arrive at an area where James and a group of women bearing his face are dancing together, and they receive leis from two of the women. Their attention is eventually drawn to a dancing woman turned away from them, but she turns around to reveal a horrifically ugly, buck-toothed, deformed face (which was later illustrated in a sketch by Swiss artist H. R. Giger titled "The Windowlickers"), much to the men's horror. The video ends with James' women dancing on Santa Monica Beach while James pops and sprays a bottle of champagne.


title: Windowlicker

text: James's faces aren't digitally morphed on the women. Masks and make-up were specifically designed by the production, to achieve the desired morphing effect. The cast for the dialogue intro of the clip are Marcus Morris, Gary Cruz, Marcy Turner and Chiquita Martin. Filming was done in the Los Angeles area. The locations are as follows:


title: Windowlicker

text: There are 127 uses of profanity in the dialogue segment of the video (which is under 4 minutes), including 44 uses of the word "fuck". This averages to more than one use of profanity every two seconds. The video was released as a VHS single, containing both uncut and censored versions (the latter being referred to as the "Bleep Version"). It was also nominated for the Best Video award at the BRIT Awards 2000, alongside videos by Supergrass, The Chemical Brothers, Fatboy Slim, and eventual winner Robbie Williams.


title: Windowlicker

text: The full "Windowlicker" video is restricted to being broadcast only during the nighttime on most music television channels. A bleeped-out version of the video exists, and MTV Two even made a daytime version, with all the opening dialogue removed (the censored version starts with the arrival of the limousine), along with some of its more graphic images. In 2008, MTV Networks Europe was fined by media regulator Ofcom for several breaches of its broadcasting code, including airing the uncensored version of the "Windowlicker" video on TMF in 2006 before the 9 PM watershed.


title: Windowlicker

text: "Windowlicker" received positive reviews from critics. AllMusic gave the EP 4/5 stars. The single was named "NME"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Single of the Year 1999 in its year-end charts. In September 2010, "Pitchfork Media" included the song at number 12 on their list "Top 200 Tracks of the 90s".


title: Windowlicker

text: A remix of "Windowlicker" in the acid techno style, entitled "Windowlicker, Acid Edit", is available on the remix compilation "26 Mixes for Cash". Another remix of "Windowlicker", entitled "WINDuckyQuaCKer", appears on V/VM's "HelpAphexTwin/1.0" (2001) and "HelpAphexTwin 4.0" (2003).<ref name="V/VM – helpaphextwin v4.0"></ref> A remix entitled "it's a richJAMs World" appears on V/VM's "HelpAphexTwin 4.0" (2003). Run Jeremy (an alias of Danish producer Anders Trentemøller) also made his own remix of "Windowlicker".


title: Windowlicker

text: Miss Kittin performed Run Jeremy's remix of "Windowlicker live" at the Sónar festival and included it on her album "Live at Sónar". Elements of "Windowlicker", including its heavily distorted outro, were sampled by American musician Girl Talk on his track "Get It Get It", from his 2010 album "All Day".


title: Windowlicker

text: A. G. Cook made a "note-for-note" cover of Windowlicker in 2017 as part of the PC Music compilation "Month of Mayhem".


title: Windowlicker

text: All tracks written, produced and engineered by Richard D. James. The original single was released on 12-inch, two separate CDs, a special edition Japanese CD and VHS.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: The lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), also known as the wanderoo, is an Old World monkey endemic to the Western Ghats of South India.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: Lion-tailed macaques are covered in black fur, and have a striking gray or silver mane that surrounds their face which can be found in both sexes. The face itself is hairless and black, being pinkish in infants less than a year old. They are named not for their mane, but for their tail, which is long, thin, and naked, with a lion-like, black tail tuft at the tip. The size of their tail is about 25 cm (9.8 in) in length. Their eyes are a shade of hazelnut with highlighting black eyelids. Lion-tailed macaques, like other macaques, have deep cheek pouches useful for storing food, and are quadrupedal with opposable digits. The mane that surrounds its face gives this monkey its German name "Bartaffe" – "beard ape". With a head-body length of and a weight of , it ranks among the smaller macaques species. Offspring are born with lighter faces and no mane, with the adult mane growing in after two months after birth.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: The lion-tailed macaque is a rainforest dweller, often being found in the upper canopy of tropical moist evergreen forests or monsoon forests. It is diurnal, meaning it is active exclusively in daylight hours. When they’re active, they will spend half the day foraging, and the other half will be spent resting or finding new areas to forage. Unlike other macaques, it typically avoids humans when possible. In group behavior, the lion-tailed macaque is much like other macaques, living in hierarchical groups of usually 10 to 20 members, which usually consist of few males, typically 1-3, and many females. They have a polygynous mating system with no specific breeding season. While there is no specific breeding season, they do tend to breed in the wet season when resources are most abundant. Little time is spent grooming or playing with others in the group. Of the few males, only one will be the dominant male, who will protect his troop from others and be the one who breeds. It is a territorial animal, defending its area first with loud cries and bared teeth towards the invading troops. If this proves to be fruitless, it brawls aggressively, which can result in severe injuries due to lacerations from their large canines. Other forms of communication come in the form of mounting to show strength, branch shaking to scare off, lip-smacking as a friendly greeting, or yawning with a grimace to indicate dominance.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: Lion-tailed macaque behavior is characterized by typical patterns of arboreal living. This patterns involve selectively feeding on a large variety of fruit trees, large interindividual spaces while foraging, and time budgets with high proportion of time devoted to exploration and feeding. Lion-tailed macaques are omnivores, primarily eating indigenous fruits, seeds, flowers, insects, snails, and small vertebrates in virgin forest. Lion-tailed macaques are very important for seed dispersal, and are able to transport seeds long distances by either dropping or defecating seeds. However, due to changes in their environment, adaption to rapid environmental change has occurred in areas of massive selective logging through behavioral modifications and broadening of food choices. These changes involve a large increase in ground foraging and feeding on far more non-native plants and insects. These feeding changes include fruits, seeds, shoots, pith, flowers, cones, mesocarp, and other parts of many non-indigenous and pioneer plants. In the forests of Kerala they were observed preying on nestlings and eggs of pigeons.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: Gestation lasts approximately six months. The young are nursed for one year. Sexual maturity is reached at four years for females, and six years for males. The life expectancy in the wild is approximately 20 years, while in captivity is up to 30 years.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: While lion-tailed macaques are preyed on by snakes, raptors, and large carnivores, the impact of natural predators on population size doesn’t compare to their largest threat. The largest threat to the lion-tailed macaque is habitat fragmentation due to large amounts of timber harvesting and exotic plantations, such as tea and coffee. This fragmentation leads to many issues that the lion-tailed macaques are facing. They are struggling to find food, being hit by cars, and being electrocuted by power lines. Due to their low numbers and high levels of fragmentation, they are also highly susceptible to inbreeding, which can cause many genetic issues. Their second largest threat is from humans hunting and trapping them for meat, especially within areas that have primates as their preferred food. There are also many human-primate conflicts occurring now due to macaques venturing out of their forests to find food.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: An assessment in 2003 for IUCN reports 3000–3500 of these animals live scattered over several areas in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka. The lion-tailed macaque ranks among the rarest and most threatened primates. Their range has become increasingly isolated and fragmented by the spread of agriculture and tea, coffee, teak and cinchona, construction of water reservoirs for irrigation and power generation, and human settlements to support such activities. They do not live, feed or travel through plantations. Destruction of their habitat and their avoidance of human proximity have led to the drastic decrease of their population.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: From 1977 to 1980, public concern about the endanged status of lion-tailed macaque became the focal point of Save Silent Valley, India's fiercest environmental debate of the decade. From 1993 to 1996, 14 troops were observed in Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, one of the most undisturbed viable habitats left for them. Silent Valley has the largest number of lion tailed macaque in South India. Other protected areas in Kerala include Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Periyar Tiger Reserve and its premises (Gavi and Konni), Eravikulam National Park, Pambadum Shola National Park, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Annaimalai Tiger Reserve, New Amarambalam Reserved Forest, Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary and Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary and Wayanad region.


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: A self-sustainable single population of 32 groups of lion-tailed macaques occurred in Sirsi-Honnavara, Karnataka, the northernmost population of the species. A local census concluded in 2007, conducted in the Theni District of Tamil Nadu, put their numbers at around 250, which was considered encouraging, because until then, no lion-tailed macaques had been reported in that specific area. The species is also prominently found in the Papanasam part of the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve of Tirunelveli district, the Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park of Dindigul, the Anaimalai Tiger Reserve of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. Many zoos take part in breeding programs which help to secure the survival of this species. About 338 of these macaques are reported to live in zoos. (In July 2021 Australia's Rockhampton Zoo euthanased Australia's last lion-tailed macaque after its companion died of natural causes.)


title: Lion-tailed macaque

text: However, it is no longer on ‘The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates’ list, after the international body compiling it determined that the local governments in southern India had acted positively to protect it.


title: Light cone

text: In special and general relativity, a light cone (or "null cone") is the path that a flash of light, emanating from a single event (localized to a single point in space and a single moment in time) and traveling in all directions, would take through spacetime.


title: Light cone

text: If one imagines the light confined to a two-dimensional plane, the light from the flash spreads out in a circle after the event E occurs, and if we graph the growing circle with the vertical axis of the graph representing time, the result is a cone, known as the future light cone. The past light cone behaves like the future light cone in reverse, a circle which contracts in radius at the speed of light until it converges to a point at the exact position and time of the event E. In reality, there are three space dimensions, so the light would actually form an expanding or contracting sphere in three-dimensional (3D) space rather than a circle in 2D, and the light cone would actually be a four-dimensional version of a cone whose cross-sections form 3D spheres (analogous to a normal three-dimensional cone whose cross-sections form 2D circles), but the concept is easier to visualize with the number of spatial dimensions reduced from three to two.


title: Light cone

text: This view of special relativity was first proposed by Albert Einstein's former professor Hermann Minkowski and is known as Minkowski space. The purpose was to create an invariant spacetime for all observers. To uphold causality, Minkowski restricted spacetime to non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry.


title: Light cone

text: Because signals and other causal influences cannot travel faster than light (see special relativity), the light cone plays an essential role in defining the concept of causality: for a given event E, the set of events that lie on or inside the past light cone of E would also be the set of all events that could send a signal that would have time to reach E and influence it in some way. For example, at a time ten years before E, if we consider the set of all events in the past light cone of E which occur at that time, the result would be a sphere (2D: disk) with a radius of ten light-years centered on the position where E will occur. So, any point on or inside the sphere could send a signal moving at the speed of light or slower that would have time to influence the event E, while points outside the sphere at that moment would not be able to have any causal influence on E. Likewise, the set of events that lie on or inside the "future" light cone of E would also be the set of events that could receive a signal sent out from the position and time of E, so the future light cone contains all the events that could potentially be causally influenced by E. Events which lie neither in the past or future light cone of E cannot influence or be influenced by E in relativity.


title: Light cone

text: In special relativity, a light cone (or null cone) is the surface describing the temporal evolution of a flash of light in Minkowski spacetime. This can be visualized in 3-space if the two horizontal axes are chosen to be spatial dimensions, while the vertical axis is time.


title: Light cone

text: The light cone is constructed as follows. Taking as event "p" a flash of light (light pulse) at time "t", all events that can be reached by this pulse from "p" form the future light cone of "p", while those events that can send a light pulse to "p" form the past light cone of "p".


title: Light cone

text: The above classifications hold true in any frame of reference; that is, an event judged to be in the light cone by one observer, will also be judged to be in the same light cone by all other observers, no matter their frame of reference. This is why the concept is so powerful.


title: Light cone

text: The above refers to an event occurring at a specific location and at a specific time. To say that one event cannot affect another means that light cannot get from the location of one to the other "in a given amount of time". Light from each event will ultimately make it to the "former" location of the other, but "after" those events have occurred.


title: Light cone

text: As time progresses, the future light cone of a given event will eventually grow to encompass more and more locations (in other words, the 3D sphere that represents the cross-section of the 4D light cone at a particular moment in time becomes larger at later times). However, if we imagine running time backwards from a given event, the event's past light cone would likewise encompass more and more locations at earlier and earlier times. The farther locations will be at later times: for example, if we are considering the past light cone of an event which takes place on Earth today, a star 10,000 light years away would only be inside the past light cone at times 10,000 years or more in the past. The past light cone of an event on present-day Earth, at its very edges, includes very distant objects (every object in the observable universe), but only as they looked long ago, when the Universe was young.


title: Light cone

text: Two events at different locations, at the same time (according to a specific frame of reference), are always outside each other's past and future light cones; light cannot travel instantaneously. Other observers might see the events happening at different times and at different locations, but one way or another, the two events will likewise be seen to be outside each other's cones.


title: Light cone

text: If using a system of units where the speed of light in vacuum is defined as exactly 1, for example if space is measured in light-seconds and time is measured in seconds, then, provided the time axis is drawn orthogonally to the spatial axes, as the cone bisects the time and space axes, it will show a slope of 45°, because light travels a distance of one light-second in vacuum during one second. Since special relativity requires the speed of light to be equal in every inertial frame, all observers must arrive at the same angle of 45° for their light cones. Commonly a Minkowski diagram is used to illustrate this property of Lorentz transformations.


title: Light cone

text: Elsewhere, an integral part of light cones is the region of spacetime outside the light cone at a given event (a point in spacetime). Events that are elsewhere from each other are mutually unobservable, and cannot be causally connected.


title: Light cone

text: In flat spacetime, the future light cone of an event is the boundary of its causal future and its past light cone is the boundary of its causal past.


title: Light cone

text: In a curved spacetime, assuming spacetime is globally hyperbolic, it is still true that the future light cone of an event includes the boundary of its causal future (and similarly for the past). However gravitational lensing can cause part of the light cone to fold in on itself, in such a way that part of the cone is strictly inside the causal future (or past), and not on the boundary.


title: Light cone

text: Light cones also cannot all be tilted so that they are 'parallel'; this reflects the fact that the spacetime is curved and is essentially different from Minkowski space. In vacuum regions (those points of spacetime free of matter), this inability to tilt all the light cones so that they are all parallel is reflected in the non-vanishing of the Weyl tensor.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ; born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Barry "Newt" Newton in the soap opera "Hollyoaks" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in "My Mad Fat Diary" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in "The Village" (2013), and Johnjo O'Shea in "Common" (2014). His feature film credits include "Spike Island" (2012), "Anita B." (2014), "The Pass" (2016), and "Peterloo" (2018).


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Recognised in 2012 by "Screen International" as one of its "Stars of Tomorrow", he has been lauded as one of the United Kingdom's "most promising young actors". Among his award nominations are those for Best Actor at the BBC Audio Drama Awards (2016, for "Orpheus and Eurydice") and Best Supporting Actor at the BAFTA Awards (2014, for "The Village").


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Nico Cristian Mirallegro was born on 26 January 1991 in Heywood, Greater Manchester. His Italian father is from Sicily and his Irish mother, Maureen McLaughlin, is from Malin Head. He briefly attended a boarding school outside the UK, at which he was lonely and felt out of place. He also attended Siddal Moor Sports College in Heywood and the Manchester School of Acting. His parents are separated and his father lives in Spain, with Mirallegro having moved there as a teenager to live with him for a time. He is conversational in Italian and Spanish.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Mirallegro says that he "fell into" acting in his mid-teens after following his sister Claudia to improv classes. At one of his first acting classes, he was "so scared [he] had to get one of the other lads to say [his] lines".


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Mirallegro's first professional acting role came in 2007, after he was cast as emo teenager Newt in the long-running British soap opera "Hollyoaks". Although he voluntarily left "Hollyoaks" after two years at age 18 to follow other acting projects, he was grateful for the opportunity to appear on the show: "Hollyoaks is where I learnt a lot of the craft, being in front of a camera six days a week. That's certainly an experience you don't get in drama school."


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: When filming for "Hollyoaks", Mirallegro was also playing Cam Spencer in "LOL", a web series which explored sex, drugs, and relationships. In 2010, Mirallegro appeared in an episode of the BBC drama series "Moving On" as a gay youngster who suffers bullying in school because of his sexuality. Beginning 2010, he appeared as an Italian foreign exchange student in nine episodes of the regular BBC series "Doctors".


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: In December 2010, Mirallegro was in series one of the BBC One 1930s-period remake of "Upstairs Downstairs". He portrayed a young footman called Johnny Proude, who took up a position in service to escape the poverty of the northern mining town where he was born. The BBC re-commissioned the production for a second series, in which he appeared again as Johnny. In the second series, his character appeared in a boxing tournament, requiring Mirallegro to take boxing lessons for the role. In 2011, Mirallegro appeared in the BBC's three-part psychological thriller "Exile", playing the teenage version of leading character Tom Ronstadt. Later that year, he played Sam, a gay heroin addict in the BBC drama "The Body Farm".


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: In 2013, he began playing Finn Nelson, the love interest of the main female character in E4's teen comedy-drama series "My Mad Fat Diary". That same year, he also played the role of Joe Middleton in the BBC drama "The Village". In 2014, Mirallegro portrayed a teenager prosecuted for murder under the Joint Enterprise law in the controversial BBC One production "Common", written by Jimmy McGovern. Called "a bleak, powerful drama thick with political intent", a review started that Mirallegro "continues to prove himself as the best actor ever to graduate from Hollyoaks".


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: The 2015 television film "The Ark" told the story of Noah, along with elements from Islamic tradition. Mirallegro portrayed Kenan, Noah's youngest (and extrabiblical) son, whose wish to follow a path different from his father and brothers results in his being swept away in the Great Flood. Mirallegro also starred in HBO's "Virtuoso", directed and partially written by Alan Ball. Set in the 18th century, Mirallegro played a self-taught violin prodigy who travels to Vienna to learn with other young musicians.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: In June 2017, Mirallegro acted in the BBC's BAFTA winning real-life drama "Murdered for Being Different", about the murder of Sophie Lancaster in 2007. In 2019, it was confirmed he would be cast as an army soldier in the new series of the long-running BBC One drama "Our Girl".


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Mirallegro's first film, the short film "Six Minutes of Freedom", was shot in 2009. He starred as a troubled teenager training to be a boxer while his father is in prison. The film was entered into four film festivals, and it won Best New Wave Short Film at the Yellow Fever Independent Film Festival.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: In the summer of 2010, Mirallegro finished filming for his role in "McQueen the Movie". He played Sam, a Jewish boy who is one of the story's two protagonists. The film is set in suburbia in the North of England in the 1990s.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Mirallegro portrayed a teenage lead guitarist in a full-length film set in the 1990s about the Manchester-formed rock band The Stone Roses. The film, "Spike Island", was released in 2012. He called his time making "Spike Island" "six weeks of pure bliss."


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: "Shooting for Socrates" is a 2014 football drama telling "the underdog story of a Northern Ireland team who kick off their world cup against football giants Brazil. The game is a baptism of fire for [Mirallegro's] character, David Campbell, who makes his Northern Ireland debut in front of 50,000 people the day before his 21st birthday". The film's cast was recognized as talented, but reviews of the script were less positive.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: In January 2014, Mirallegro appeared at London's Royal Court Theatre in the drama "The Pass", in which Russell Tovey plays a football player coming to terms with his homosexuality. Mirallegro reprised his comic role as a hotel bellboy in an "irrepressible performance" in a 2016 film adaptation of the work, which premiered at the .


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Since 2014, Mirallegro has performed in several BBC Radio 4 dramas, including as the eponymous male character in "Orpheus and Eurydice". For this role he was nominated Best Actor at the BBC Audio Drama Awards in 2016. He was later cast as the protagonist in "79 Birthdays" (2016) and as the son in "Over Here, Over There" (2016). The latter is a radio drama inspired by the plight of asylum seekers in the UK.


title: Nico Mirallegro

text: Mirallegro plays in celebrity football matches for charities such as Help For Heroes and Once Upon a Smile.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Richard Paul Bacon (born 30 November 1975) is an English television and radio presenter. He has worked as a reporter or presenter on numerous television shows, including "Blue Peter", "The Big Breakfast", on ITV's "Good Morning Britain" as a stand-in presenter, and on radio stations including Capital FM, Xfm London and BBC Radio Five Live. In 2016, Bacon became the presenter of The National Geographic Channel's reboot of its documentary/panel discussion TV series, "Explorer".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon grew up in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, and was educated at St Peter's Church of England Primary School on Bellamy Road, followed by two independent schools, also in Nottinghamshire: at Wellow House School, a preparatory school on Newark Road in the village of Wellow, and then at Worksop College, a boarding school on Windmill Lane in Worksop. He studied Business Studies with Electronics at Nottingham Trent University, but dropped out after a year.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: His first job in the media was as a reporter for BBC Radio Nottingham, notably on the programme "The Beat". In February 1996, he joined L!VE TV as a reporter; this saw him being banned from the State Opening of Parliament, and having a beer thrown at him by Damon Albarn as he tried to interview him leaving a nightclub.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon's television break was as a presenter on the children's show "Blue Peter", which he joined on 21 February 1997. He presented alongside Romana D'Annunzio, Katy Hill, Konnie Huq and Stuart Miles. On 19 October 1998, he was the programme's first-ever presenter to have his contract terminated in mid-season, after the tabloid newspaper "News of the World" published a report of Bacon taking cocaine. His tenure on the programme lasted just over 18 months. The then Head of BBC children's programmes Lorraine Heggessey went on air to explain Bacon's dismissal to CBBC viewers. Bacon was required to return his Blue Peter badge upon his dismissal.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon's television career survived the setback, and he has since presented such shows as "The Big Breakfast", "Top of the Pops", and reality TV shows "Back To Reality" and "Castaway Exposed".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In August 2005, the band The Magic Numbers walked out of "Top of the Pops", after Bacon made a remark that was widely thought to be about the body shape of members of the band; during rehearsals he referred to the band as a "big, fat melting pot of talent".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon guest-hosted ITV's "This Morning" during 2005, Channel 5's "The Wright Stuff" on several occasions during 2007 and 2008, and BBC Two's "Something for the Weekend" from 2008 to 2009. He was the narrator for series 1 to 3 of Sky's police documentary "Brit Cops".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In late 2010, he presented "Richard Bacon's Beer & Pizza Club" on ITV4. A second series aired in late 2011. Just before the 2010 World Cup he hosted a show called "World Cup's Most Shocking Moments", with Peter Crouch.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon presented editions of BBC Three's "Young Voters' Question Time". He has made several TV cameo appearances as himself, including "Hotel Babylon" in 2007 (in which his character hires escort girls to play Scrabble with him all night), the episode "Video Killed the Radio Star" of the TV series "FM", an episode of "The Thick of It" (both in 2009) and an episode of "Psychoville" in 2011. In October 2011, he hosted BBC Three's "Up for Hire", an interactive series over the course of five nights tackling one of Britain's biggest issues – youth unemployment.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In April 2012, he presented the Channel 4 television series "Hidden Talent", each programme of which featured ordinary members of the public taking tests in certain fields or skills to identify any previously unidentified talent.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: On 13 January 2013, Bacon appeared on All Star Family Fortunes with his family playing against Louie Spence. On 25 November 2013, Bacon hosted one series of ITV's game show "Show Me the Telly". On 8 December 2013, he guest-presented an episode of "Sunday Scoop".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: On 17 February 2014, he hosted a one-off show, "Benefits Britain: The Debate", for Channel 4. In the same year he presented the live Channel 4 programme "How Rich Are You?", about the UK economy.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In 2015, Bacon co-presented the first series of "The Big Painting Challenge" alongside Una Stubbs for BBC One, and sports show "Eternal Glory" for ITV. He also joined Reena Ninan as a substitute co-host of ABC's "World News Now" overnight and "America This Morning" news program.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Beginning on 14 November 2016, the U.S. worldwide educational cable network National Geographic Channel debuted its "global" overhaul and rebranding of the channel with its entirely new primetime lineup that night: the much anticipated, multi-million-dollar docudrama miniseries "Mars", followed by the reboot of "Explorer", and then "Star Talk", a lighthearted panel discussion series loosely centered around astrophysics and astronomy, hosted by astrophysicist Neil DeGrasse Tyson. Bacon became the presenter for the "Explorer" programme, which comprises several (usually three) short films, introduced by Bacon and shot from all over the world, involving matters of social, political, environmental, and/or humanitarian significance. Each film is then discussed before a live studio audience with Bacon moderating and usually includes the filmmaker or another representative of the film. Then, at least one expert on either side of the issue also joins the discussion. The live-audience segments of each episode of "Explorer" are filmed at CBS Studios in New York City. For the debut show, Bacon hiked through Yosemite National Park with President Barack Obama.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In June 2017, he began hosting a daily half-hour newsmagazine show called "Top 30". It originally aired on Fox affiliates for four weeks before being picked up as a regular series, broadcast nationally across America in September 2017. On 13 September 2017, it was renewed through 2019.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In July 2019, he became one of the guest presenters to fill in for Piers Morgan on "Good Morning Britain".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In October 2019, the American TV network ABC commissioned his original "whodunnit" game show format "The Hustler" for an eight-part series, hosted by Craig Ferguson. Production began in the fall, with Bacon serving as one of its executive producers.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon joined BBC Radio 5 Live to present the late-night show on Saturdays and Sundays. After this, he worked as an announcer for BBC 7 and then a DJ for Capital FM followed by Xfm London.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: He returned to 5 Live, and from November 2007 until December 2009 presented the late-night programme, in which his sign-off ("Goodnight Great Britain, wherever you are") copied that of Jack Killian, the main character in the NBC television series "Midnight Caller". He also on occasion stood in for Simon Mayo in the daytime film review programme, and stated that his favourite film is "The Apartment".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In January 2010, Bacon became the regular presenter of the 5 Live mid-afternoon show from Mondays to Thursdays, in which he replaced the departing Simon Mayo. The show covered news, sport, celebrity interviews and special features. On Tuesdays there was a TV review with Boyd Hilton and another guest, looking back over the week's television and previewing future programmes. In the Moan-In on Wednesdays, listeners could share their moans and receive marks out of 10 from Bacon and a guest, often Dave Vitty. On Thursdays the feature was Chart The Week, where two guests would discuss the week's most talked-about news stories. At the same time, Bacon started to present a regular Saturday afternoon show on BBC Radio 6 Music; he later left to concentrate on other commitments. He returned to 6 Music in January 2012 for six weeks to present a Saturday morning programme.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon's afternoon show attracted criticism for its content, which was classified by the BBC Trust as "news". Rival broadcaster Talksport made a general complaint in 2010 to the BBC Trust, claiming the BBC Radio 5 Live station was not providing its mandatory 75% news output, "with many items falling outside of the remit, such as 'entertainment-based interviews' and listener-generated features." Talksport's complaint "particularly singl[ed] out Bacon's two-hour weekday afternoon show for criticism", finding in a poll that only 20% of listeners considered Bacon's show to comprise "news". In their response, the BBC Trust rejected Talksport's complaints, but admitted that a review was required to develop "'a more nuanced method of monitoring the proportion of news output' on 5 Live compared to the current system, which counts the whole of Richard Bacon's afternoon show as news".


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In August 2011, Bacon recommended that his listeners should watch a YouTube video of comedian Doug Stanhope, in which he mocked Sarah Palin's disabled son Trig. The Down's Syndrome Association complained to the BBC about the broadcast, stating "the association is shocked that a BBC employee has publicised the work of a comedian which is nothing more than a vile offensive rant." Both Bacon and the BBC apologised for the broadcast, with Bacon writing "I full well understand my responsibilities as a broadcaster and such a reference fell below the standards I set myself personally in my broadcasting."


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: On 1 July 2014, it was announced that Bacon would be leaving BBC Radio 5 Live later in the year. Bacon's last Radio 5 Live show was broadcast on 24 September 2014.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon also has covered for Simon Mayo on his BBC Radio 2 "Drivetime" show, when Mayo was on holiday in August 2015, and more recently in April 2016.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon married Rebecca McFarlane in 2008. They live in Los Angeles, where Bacon works in U.S. television. They have two children. His father-in-law is John McFarlane, who served as chairman of Barclays from 2015 to 2019.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: In October 2011, Bacon announced on his podcast that he had been contacted by the Metropolitan Police, who advised him that his phone had been hacked by the private investigator Glenn Mulcaire.


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: On 28 March 2018, Bacon explained to Nicky Campbell in an interview with BBC Radio 5 Live that at the age of 42 he was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), about which he said "I like having it a lot, it is who I am. It's just learning to work with it and manage it means that life gets less chaotic and painful for my wife and children."


title: Richard Bacon (broadcaster)

text: Bacon is a celebrity supporter of the British Red Cross and is particularly interested in their National Flood Appeal and international messaging services.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence is an action-adventure video game developed by Konami for the PlayStation 2 console. Part of Konami's "Castlevania" video game series, it is the first installment of the series on the PlayStation 2 and the third to make use of a 3D style of gameplay. It was released in Japan and North America in late 2003 and Europe and Australia in early 2004.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: "Lament of Innocence" is chronologically the first game in the "Castlevania" series. Set in 1094, it focuses on the origins of the series' premise—the eternal conflict between the vampire hunters of the Belmont clan and the immortal vampire Dracula. "Lament of Innocence" follows Leon Belmont as he searches a vampire's castle in search of his kidnapped betrothed.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: "Lament of Innocence" received generally mostly positive reviews at release, with critics praising the origin story, gameplay, music, and graphics. The game was criticized for repetitive level-design and excessive backtracking.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: The objective of "Lament of Innocence" is to lead the primary player character and protagonist Leon Belmont through the monster-filled castle as he searches for his kidnapped beloved. Exploring the castle is an open-ended task, with puzzles, concealed items and rooms, and bosses. A room near the castle's entrance contains portals to the five main areas, all of which are accessible from the beginning. After Leon defeats each area's boss, the final area becomes unlocked. Health restoratives and items to improve gaming statistics such as strength and defense can be purchased with in-game money from a shop on the castle grounds.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: For his primary weapon, Leon makes use of the Whip of Alchemy given to him by a non-player character, the shopkeeper named Rinaldo. Later on, Leon can acquire three more whips, each guarded by an elemental boss: the Ice, Lightning, and Fire Elemental Whips. Near the end of the game, his Whip of Alchemy turns into the more destructive Vampire Killer. In addition, Leon can combine one of five sub-weapons—a knife, an axe, a cross, a crystal, and holy water—with one of seven orbs to form a special attack. Over the course of the game, he learns special techniques and magic attacks as well.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: Two additional player characters can be unlocked: the new character Pumpkin, and Joachim, a vampire who appeared earlier in the game as a boss. Pumpkin makes use of Leon's whip as the primary weapon and only one sub-weapon, has all whip and defensive skills prelearned, and does more damage than Leon. In contrast, Joachim uses five flying swords as his primary weapons; he lacks an inventory and the ability to use relics and purchase items from Rinaldo's shop. However, Joachim has access to two magic attacks in the place of sub-weapons.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: "Lament of Innocence" is set in the fictional universe of the "Castlevania" series. Set in 1094, it focuses on the origins of the series' premise—the conflict between the vampire-hunting Belmont clan and the vampire Dracula. The protagonist and primary player character of "Lament of Innocence" is Leon Belmont, a former baron and member of the Belmont clan. His close friend, Mathias Cronqvist, tells him that Leon's betrothed, Sara, is being held captive by the powerful vampire Walter Bernhard. During the game, he encounters Rinaldo Gandolfi, an alchemist and resident of the forest outside Walter's castle.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: Arriving on the castle grounds, Leon meets Rinaldo, who gives him a whip crafted by alchemy to assist in killing the monsters and enchants his gauntlet so he is able to use magic relics within the castle. Leon learns that he must defeat five monsters to gain access to Walter's throne room. Arriving at the castle, Leon proceeds to defeat the five monsters, including Joachim Armster, a vampire kept prisoner in the castle by Walter. Before dying, Joachim mentions the Ebony and Crimson Stones, both of which are created from alchemy, and explains to Leon that the Ebony Stone can produce darkness. From Rinaldo, Leon learns that the Crimson Stone converts the souls of vampires into power for its holder.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: After Leon reaches Walter's quarters, he rescues Sara and attempts to slay him with the whip, to no effect. At Rinaldo's cottage, it is revealed that Sara is slowly becoming a vampire. Rinaldo reveals that Leon must sacrifice Sara to make the whip effective against Walter. Overhearing their conversation, Sara begs him to kill her and use her soul to save others from suffering her fate. Leon reluctantly completes the ritual, creating the Vampire Killer whip.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: Devastated by the loss of Sara, Leon returns to the castle to confront Walter and defeats him. Death takes the dying Walter's soul and offers it up to Mathias; Mathias appears and reveals he had orchestrated everything to obtain his soul and convert it into power for himself using the Crimson Stone. Mathias explains that he chose immortality as a vampire so he could curse God for taking away his beloved wife Elisabetha. He offers Leon the same, but a disgusted Leon refuses. Mathias orders Death to kill Leon, but Leon defeats Death and vows that the Belmont clan will hunt down Mathias and destroy him one day. (The game's epilogue reveals that Mathias became Dracula, the series' main antagonist.)


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: Producer Koji Igarashi unveiled "Lament of Innocence" at the 2003 Electronic Entertainment Expo. "Lament of Innocence" marks the first appearance of the series on the PlayStation 2 and is third in the series to make use of a three-dimensional (3D) format, after the Nintendo 64 installments "Castlevania" (1999) and "" (1999). The game's title in Japan, "Castlevania", was meant to reflect the fact that Igarashi intended "Lament of Innocence" to be a new starting point for the series. Envisioning the concept of the game as possessing "fully connected rooms," Igarashi found that this hindered the map's accessibility and made the puzzles more difficult to solve. He then divided the map into separate ones for each area and "[kept] the puzzles contained within each area."


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: While Igarashi "extended a 2D game style into 3D", the 3D environment proved to be quite different, possessing less precision. According to Igarashi, the 2D games proved easier to create, as the player could easily understand all elements of the 2D game, such as the location of the monster and where the player character should run or attack. Despite these trade-offs, he enjoyed that the 3D graphics contributed to creating a "reality-based environment" in gaming. The team completed "Lament of Innocence", with time left over to further refine the balance of the game's elements; as a result, the game became progressively difficult as the team grew accustomed to it, according to Igarashi. Promotion for the game in Japan included pop singer Sonim dressed as its protagonist.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: "Lament of Innocence" continues the style begun in "Symphony of the Night" (PlayStation, 1997), with Ayami Kojima as illustrator and Michiru Yamane as composer. Although "Castlevania" installments typically feature many arrangements of music that had appeared in earlier games, Igarashi limited the number of arrangements that could appear in "Lament of Innocence" to one or two, because the game served as the origins of the series. Yamane made use of a wide range of styles, including dance music, solos on the piano, instrumental arias, and industrial rock.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: The game was released on October 21, 2003, in North America, on November 27, 2003, in Japan, and on February 13, 2004, in Europe. A Japanese limited edition was released simultaneously and contained bonus content: a painting by Kojima, a calendar, and a music CD. In Japan, "Lament of Innocence" saw a re-release under the Konami Dendou Collection label on March 2, 2006. The game was released for the PlayStation Network on June 18, 2013.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: Review aggregator Metacritic shows an averaged score of 79 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews." "Edge" stated: "While it's not as cleverly structured as the pinnacle of the series, "Symphony of the Night", it resurrects that game's hallmarks of seductive exploration and satisfying topographical progress. It breathes new life back into one of videogaming's oldest franchises." "Play" wrote: "A bold success as an incendiary action game, brilliantly nuanced in its mechanics and full of atmospheric appeal. And it's also a fantastic version of "Castlevania"... My criticism comes, mostly, from imagining the triumphant possibilities a Castlevania adventure holds." According to "Game Informer", the game "[a]lmost feels like an exercise (albeit a beautiful-looking one) exploring many of the franchise's classic components. But the end result just proves that "Castlevania" is more than a set of ideas, it's a gameplay experience that remains not fully realized." Conversely, Jeremy Jastrzab of "PALGN" wrote in an unfavorable review: "If you want to walk around a large repetitive castle, "Castlevania: Lament of Innocence" will do the job for you." "Game Informer"s Tim Turi felt that it was a "decent action game for its time" though he also felt it was too linear and wasn't worthy enough to be a "Castlevania" game.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: The gameplay of "Lament of Innocence" received generally positive reaction from reviewers, who praised it as enjoyable, though not complex and "intuitive." A reviewer for GameZone drew comparisons of "Lament of Innocence"s gameplay to that of "Devil May Cry" (2001). Overall, the developers' attempt to re-transition the series from a 2D side-scrolling style of gameplay to a 3D one with "Lament of Innocence " was positively received. The "Official PlayStation Magazine" stated: "Proof that a "Castlevania" game can be done in 3D while retaining the essence of the series with great music and gameplay, and a stylized look. There's still room for improvement, but it's a great new beginning." Reviewers criticized the hallways and rooms as repetitive, and the gaming camera was a mixed bag for reviewers. "Times Online" found it "excellent, it's like a good referee — you don't even notice it most of the time," while "PALGN" and Jeremy Dunham of IGN found the angles unhelpful when platforming. Other criticism included the difficulty in uncovering the secret items, length of the gameplay, absence of a map for the entire castle, and that the player had to search for and use inventory items as a battle was occurring.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: The plot of the series was generally positively received. GameSpy praised it as "foreboding and well-played – ahead of the curve for a genre best known for making the player bite back laughs at fatuous melodrama," while "GMR Magazine" stated: "The story is treated with respect and subtle class (that is, if you disregard the lackluster dialogue), with the conclusion providing the foundation for the many eventual battles between the Belmonts & Dracula." IGN wrote that it borrowed elements from the film "Bram Stoker's Dracula" (1992). Additionally, reviewers generally praised it for the atmosphere and details of the graphics. According to GamePro's Mike Weigand, "[t]here's atmosphere to burn, too, as the vivid graphics bring shadows, fog, brick, and other surroundings to life." Conversely, GameZone felt that the graphics, though nice, looked dated. The voice acting drew mixed reactions from reviewers, from well-done to overdone and "terrible." In contrast the soundtrack was generally praised as fitting, although "PALGN" wrote that sometimes it felt out of place.


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: "Lament of Innocence" has also been examined in retrospective. 1UP.com's Kurt Kalata wrote that the "dungeon-crawling gameplay and repetitive environments" prevented "Lament of Innocence" from succeeding as a game. According to Kalata, the controls and feel of the game were improved over the Nintendo 64 installments. According to Mark Bozon of IGN, the game continued the "style and presentation as previous "Castlevania" games." "PALGN"s David Low noted that the game was not commercially successful and wrote that the Nintendo 64 installments of the series had more ambition, with "Castlevania" of the Nintendo 64 remaining the "definitive 3D "Castlevania" game". Finding "Lament of Innocence" enjoyable for a little bit of time with potential for a sequel, Low expressed his disappointment that, while the "Castlevania" installments for the handheld game consoles were gaining depth and refinement in his opinion, PS2 players were presented with "an undeveloped and repetitive action game".


title: Castlevania: Lament of Innocence

text: The game has attracted scholarly analysis. In their study of religion in video games (2007), William Sims Bainbridge and Wilma Alice Bainbridge examined several offline and online video games, among them "Lament of Innocence". Bainsbridge and Bainsbridge note that holy water and a cross, both religious items, aid the protagonist in his quest, sometimes better than his axe, knife or whip; they suggest the holy water and cross are "[t]he only help religion offers" in the game.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Inc. (formerly known as Warner Home Video and WCI Home Video and sometimes credited as Warner Home Entertainment) is the home video distribution division of Warner Bros.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: It was founded in 1978 as WCI Home Video (for Warner Communications, Inc.). The company launched in the United States with twenty films on Betamax and VHS videocassettes in late 1979. The company later expanded its line to include additional titles throughout 1979 and 1980.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: The company launched in the United States with twenty films on Betamax and VHS videocassettes in late 1979. The company later expanded its line to include additional titles throughout 1979 and 1980.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: Warner Bros. began to branch out into the videodisc market, licensing titles to MCA DiscoVision and RCA's SelectaVision videodisc formats, allowing both companies to market and distribute the films under their labels. By 1985, Warner was releasing material under their own label in both formats. Titles from Warner Home Video were and continue to be distributed and manufactured by Roadshow Home Video worldwide except for Australia and New Zealand because of its film counterpart's films released by Village Roadshow.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: Warner also experimented with the "rental-only" market for videos, a method also used by 20th Century Fox for their first release of "Star Wars" in 1982. Two known films released in this manner were "Superman II" and "Excalibur". Other films released for rental use include "Dirty Harry", "The Enforcer", "Prince of the City", and "Sharky's Machine".


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: In 1990, Warner Home Video acquired the worldwide home video rights to the MGM/UA catalog. The $125 million purchase was used to finance MGM/UA's acquisition by the Pathé Communications Corporation. The intended 12½-year-long deal was cut short in February 2000, with MGM paying Warner Bros. $225 million to regain video rights to a number of its films. In exchange, Warner Bros. gained full control over the video rights to MGM's pre-1986 library, an asset the studio had acquired outright from Turner, but due to a pre-existing licensing deal with MGM, was originally expected to expire in 2001.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: On December 20, 1996, Warner Home Video was one of the first major American distributors for the then-new DVD format, by releasing the films "Assassins", "Blade Runner: Director's Cut", "Eraser", and "The Fugitive" on DVD in Japan and on March 24, 1997, in the United States with "Blade Runner" also being a launch title for the region there. Warner Bros. executive Warren Lieberfarb is often seen as "the father of DVD". Lieberfarb's successor, Warner Bros. executive James F. Cardwell was recognized in paving the way for WHV's strategic positioning in next generation technologies such as High Definition DVD (HD DVD), electronic sell-through and portable video. In 2003, Warner Home Video became the first home video releasing company to release movies only on DVD with no VHS equivalent.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: In 2009, Warner Home Video introduced the Warner Archive Collection, which allows the public to order custom-made DVDs of rarely seen films and TV series from the Warner and Turner libraries. The films are also available as digital downloads. Warner Archive DVDs and downloads can be ordered online on Warner's website, on Amazon.com or Turner Classic Movies-affiliated DVD website Movies Unlimited.


title: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

text: On January 14, 2020, Universal and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment announced that they would partner on a 10-year multinational joint-venture, merging their physical operations in North America. On April 7, 2020, the European Commission approved the merger. The company was later named Studio Distribution Services, LLC.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Deandra "Sweet Dee" Reynolds is a fictional character on the FX television series "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia", portrayed by Kaitlin Olson. Dee was the only major character in the show to be conceived without an actor in mind. She was originally portrayed by Jordan Reid (Rob McElhenney's girlfriend at the time) in the unaired pilot. Although she was originally written to be a female voice of reason, Dee's character quickly became an equal participant in The Gang's illicit and morally questionable activities once Olson was cast.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Sweet Dee is Dennis Reynolds' twin sister and is the main bartender at their bar, Paddy's Pub. Dee was unpopular in high school due to her severe scoliosis, for which she wore a corrective back brace that earned her the nickname "The Aluminium Monster". Additionally, she is often ridiculed for her resemblance to a bird by the rest of The Gang, especially Dennis and Mac. She claims to be tolerant and compassionate; in reality, however, she is selfish, greedy, emotionally insensitive, hypocritical, and prejudiced. Dee battles The Gang's view that "females are inferior" and feels that she must prove that she is as capable as her male friends. In "The Gang Gets Invincible", Dee poses as male alter ego "Cole" to try out for the Philadelphia Eagles with Mac and Dennis; she does a superb job and impresses the Eagles coaches until she stuns everyone by revealing she is a woman right before her punting tryout, after which she kicks the ball and severely injures her foot. Her father Frank is the only one who considers Dee a true member of The Gang. Whenever there is a decision or a vote among members of The Gang, the three other guys habitually exclude her. In the 6th episode of the 3rd season ("The Gang Solves the North Korea Situation") it is revealed that Dee's breath "smells like vomit" despite maintaining a hygienic outward appearance.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Though Dee was originally intended to be a sensible and compassionate counterpoint to the other characters, she has shown herself to be just as morally corrupt as the rest of the gang. She consistently uses others for her own ends, including: feigning affection for Matthew "Rickety Cricket" Mara for financial gain only to reject him when he leaves the priesthood for her; blackmailing the Waitress to come out with her for drinks despite the fact the woman is a recovering alcoholic; and pushing a reluctant young girl into performing with her in a beauty pageant.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Dee is usually ignored or ridiculed whenever she presents an idea to The Gang; however, if someone repeats her exact suggestion, it is immediately accepted. In her will, Dee's mother tells her that she has been a disappointment and a mistake. Consequently, she has considerable animosity towards her mother, and many of her actions are designed to "shove it in her face".


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: In "Dennis and Dee Go on Welfare", she and Dennis temporarily develop an addiction to crack cocaine, which is brought up a few times in later episodes.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: In "Dennis and Dee's Mom Is Dead", her cruel mother Barbara dies in a botched neck lift and leaves her and Frank, Barbara's ex-husband, nothing to inherit. In an attempt to inherit Barbara's money, which was given to Dee's biological father Bruce Mathis, Dee and Frank stage a fake wedding. The scheme backfires however.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: A recurring joke on the show is Dee having her car destroyed or stolen. In season 4, Mac and Charlie steal and crash her blue Dodge Neon to fake their deaths ("Mac and Charlie Die"). In season 5, her next car, a red Ford Aspire, is stolen the same day she bought it by a hitchhiker the gang picked up on their way to the Grand Canyon ("The Gang Hits The Road"). After Dee becomes his mistress in "Dennis Gets Divorced", Bill Ponderosa gives her a brand new black BMW 3 Series. Soon after, however, another of Bill's mistresses arrives to reclaim the car as Bill had originally given it to her. In "The Maureen Ponderosa Wedding Massacre", Charlie and Mac steal Dee's purple Chrysler PT Cruiser and crash it into a pole, totaling it, claiming "zombies must have stolen [it]." However, the same PT Cruiser shows up again in the next episode, "Charlie and Dee Find Love," with Charlie complaining, "I can't believe you just bought another ridiculous ugly car" just before another car crashes into it.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: In one of the show's most well-known story arcs, Dee gets pregnant, but does not reveal the identity of the father. The father is eventually revealed to be a transgender woman named Carmen who once dated Mac. Dee carries Carmen's child as a surrogate, having been impregnated through Carmen's sperm and an egg from a donor. She gives birth to a girl in the episode "Dee Gives Birth". The episode was dedicated to Axel Lee McElhenney (Kaitlin Olson's and Rob McElhenney's real-life son).


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Dee's cynical and narcissistic personality may be due to a head injury. In "The Gang Buys a Roller Rink" (Season 15 Episode 3) which mainly takes place in the 1990s, Dee is originally portrayed as sweet, kind, and outgoing. However, when she suffers a head injury from a roller skating fall, her personality abruptly switches to the cold and callous characteristics that Dee has in the present day.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: After flunking out of the University of Pennsylvania, where she had intended to major in psychology, Dee decided to become an actress. However, she has put little effort into realizing her ambition and has never had any significant acting work; as a result, The Gang frequently says that she has no talent for anything.


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Dee's aspirations to be an actress inspire her to create several characters, all of which are based on ethnic stereotypes. Many of these are seen in the episode "America's Next Top Paddy's Billboard Model Contest", in which she attempts to be discovered by talent agencies by posting videos of her acting on YouTube. However, her presence in the videos is overshadowed by Charlie's performances as Green Man. Although Dee shows no on-camera stage fright, she consistently faces severe glossophobia when performing in front of an audience. When she performs a stand-up comedy routine at a local comedy club, she repeatedly gags and dry-heaves on stage due to her anxiety. Her only legitimate acting job was a small part in an adult film seen in the episode "Dee Makes a Smut Film".


title: Deandra Reynolds

text: Since high school and through the entire series, Dee has had a long list of failed relationships and one-night stands that includes: a high-school boy who uses her for alcohol and to make his girlfriend jealous; a thief who robs the bar; a middle-aged toothless Korean busboy; a sweet, but simple-minded Iraq War veteran named Ben, who ultimately finds her to be "a mean person"; Lil Kev, a rapper who The Gang thought was mentally retarded (though the episode ends with Dee thinking he is neurotypical because Dennis claims he lied to her about his mental retardation); and Bill Ponderosa, a man whom she had a crush on back in high school only to find out he was an overweight loser and married. Like the other members of The Gang, Dee drinks heavily, often hoping to calm herself when meeting an attractive man. She harbors a phobia of the elderly. Despite her many insecurities, Dee is aggressively outspoken and is prone to violence when angered. At one point, she assaults a homeless person she finds masturbating in the alley behind Paddy's. Charlie and Dee accidentally use steroids in "Hundred Dollar Baby", which greatly increases their anger. In "The Gang Solves the North Korea Situation", she is, along with Frank and Mac, on an American Idol-like panel where she portrays a drunken spoof of Paula Abdul, slurring her words and judging hopefuls in a talent contest. She drinks heavily from a cup full of "rum and Coke" and uses the event as an excuse to criticize and demean the contestants.


title: Matt Braly

text: Matthew Benjakarn Braly ( ; born November 8, 1988) is an American animator, storyboard artist, director, writer, and producer. He is best known as the creator and executive producer of the Disney Channel animated series "Amphibia (TV series)". He also worked as a director on "Gravity Falls" and for some episodes of "Big City Greens".


title: Matt Braly

text: Braly was inspired to pursue a career in animation after a "career day" at high school, where a Pixar animator drew an image of Lumiere from Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" while talking about working on animation for a living, and started his career studying at the CalArts institute. After graduating, he joined DreamWorks Animation, where he worked as an storyboard artist in the computer-animated film "Turbo" (2013).


title: Matt Braly

text: While working on "Turbo", Braly and several other DreamWorks Animation storyboard artists went to visit Alex Hirsch, who was working on a show titled "Gravity Falls" (2012–16) for Disney Television Animation. Hirsch also went to CalArts and, while they never studied together, Braly liked his student films. During the visit, Hirsch pitched "Gravity Falls" to Braly.


title: Matt Braly

text: Fascinated by the concept and how Hirsch wanted it to be serialized program, Braly did a test to work on the show, after which he was hired, serving as a storyboard artist and director for the series. Braly credited Hirsch as the one who "taught [him] so much about storytelling, about developing characters and developing a world", as well as the one who inspired him to create his own show. The series premiered on June 15, 2012, and ended on February 15, 2016. In 2016, Braly won an Annie Award for directing the "Gravity Falls" episode "Northwest Mansion Mystery". Braly also served as an in-house key animator for the closing scene for the episode "Not What He Seems".