title: Free-space path loss

text: For an isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions, the power density is evenly distributed over the surface of a sphere centered on the antenna


title: Free-space path loss

text: The factor formula_16, called the "effective area" or "aperture" of the receiving antenna, which has the units of area, can be thought of as the amount of area perpendicular to the direction of the radio waves from which the receiving antenna captures energy. Since the linear dimensions of an antenna scale with the wavelength formula_23, the cross sectional area of an antenna and thus the aperture scales with the square of wavelength formula_24. The effective area of an isotropic antenna (for a derivation of this see antenna aperture article) is


title: Free-space path loss

text: using SI units of meters for formula_8, Hertz (s) for formula_12, and meters per second (m⋅s) for formula_13.


title: Free-space path loss

text: For typical radio applications, it is common to find formula_8 measured in kilometers and formula_12 in gigahertz, in which case the FSPL equation becomes


title: Tabi

text: Japanese are usually understood today to be a kind of split-toed sock that is not meant to be worn alone outdoors, much like regular socks. However, were originally a kind of leather shoe made from a single animal hide, as evidenced by historical usage and the earlier form of the word, , written , with the kanji literally signifying "single hide". As Japanese footwear evolved, also changed, with the split-toe design emerging towards the late Heian period (794–1185 CE) to allow the wearer to accommodate the thong of straw sandals to reinforce the sole. Outdoor versions of involved some kind of reinforcement, with soles traditionally made of cloth, leather, or straw.


title: Tabi

text: Brothers Tokujirō Ishibashi and Shōjirō Ishibashi, founders of the tyre company Bridgestone, are credited with the invention of rubber-soled in 1922; these are now the dominant form of outdoor , and the term generally refers to the indoor form.


title: Tabi

text: are worn by both men and women, with traditional formal footwear such as zori, and sometimes the less-formal geta. are typically worn with clothing such as kimono. are sewn with a divided toe, in order to be worn with thonged footwear.


title: Tabi

text: Historically, most people in Japan wore , as most Japanese footwear was thonged; however, some, such as upper-class courtesans and the geisha of Fukagawa did not wear them, as the bare foot was considered to be erotic in Japanese culture. Others, such as lower-working class members of society who could not afford , either did not wear them or wore boots such as instead.


title: Tabi

text: In traditional Japanese spaces and buildings, such as Noh theatres, teahouses and for traditional stage performances, must be worn, and shoes are not worn inside or on stage.


title: Tabi

text: The most common color of is white, which represents purity. White are worn in formal situations such as tea ceremonies. Men sometimes will wear blue or black for traveling. Colored are also available, and are sometimes used in kabuki theatre as part of a character's costume, or are worn with more casual outfits as fashion.


title: Tabi

text: Traditionally, are sewn from cloth cut to form. They are open at the back to be slipped on and have fasteners along the opening (known as ) so they can be closed. sewn from stretch material without fasteners are also available.


title: Tabi

text: One distinctive style of are . Made of heavier, tougher material and often having rubber soles, resemble boots and are outer footwear rather than socks. Like other , also have divided toes.


title: Tabi

text: Contemporary socks—socks with a separation between the big toe and the rest of the toes—are also available. This reflects the number of people who still prefer to wear zori and geta, especially during Japan's hot, humid summers.


title: Tabi

text: Belgian fashion house Maison Margiela has released modern boots with a separated big toe since the late 1980s-early 1990s.


title: Hank Kuehne

text: Henry August "Hank" Kuehne II (born September 11, 1975) is an American former U.S. Amateur champion and professional golfer who enjoyed some success on the PGA Tour.


title: Hank Kuehne

text: Kuehne was born in Dallas, Texas. His father started him playing golf at a young age. He has a sister (Kelli) who plays on the LPGA Tour, and a brother (Trip) who finished second to Tiger Woods in the 1994 U.S. Amateur and remains an amateur. Kuehne began his college career at Oklahoma State University, but later transferred to Southern Methodist University, where he earned All-American honors three times as a member of the golf team (third team in 1996, second team in 1998, and honorable mention in 1999). He won the 1998 U.S. Amateur and played on the 1998 U.S. Eisenhower Trophy team. He graduated from SMU in 1999 with a degree in communications and turned professional.


title: Hank Kuehne

text: Although he has several professional wins in non-Tour events, Kuehne's best finish on the PGA Tour has been a T-2 at both the 2003 Shell Houston Open and the 2005 John Deere Classic. His best result in a major is a 65th-place finish at the 1999 U.S. Open. In 2003, he won the Tour's Driving Distance title, unseating John Daly who had won eight consecutive titles and 11 in total.


title: Hank Kuehne

text: Kuehne missed the cut at the 2012 Honda Classic, his first PGA Tour event since 2007. Lingering back problems prevented Kuehne from playing for five years.


title: Hank Kuehne

text: Kuehne lives in Dallas, Texas and has three sons, Henry August Kuehne III (born 2005), Alexander James(AJ) Kuehne (born 2012) and Kroy Stefan Kuehne (born 2016). He was seen in public with tennis champion Venus Williams, whom he accompanied to the 2007 Wimbledon Championships and the 2007 U.S. Open. They broke up in 2010, after which Kuehne met his current wife Andy, whom he married in May 2011. Kuehne was initiated into Sigma Nu Fraternity while at Oklahoma State University (Epsilon Epsilon chapter).


title: Girly girl

text: Girly girl is a term for a girl or woman who presents herself in a traditionally feminine way. This may include wearing pink, using make-up, using perfume, dressing in skirts and dresses, and engaging in activities that are traditionally associated with femininity, such as talking about relationships.


title: Girly girl

text: The term is often used in a derogatory manner, but it can also be used in a more positive way, especially when considering the fluidity of gender roles. Being a "girly girl" can then be seen as a fluid and partially embodied position – a form of discourse taken up, discarded or modified for tactical or strategic purposes.


title: Girly girl

text: The female opposite of a girly girl is a tomboy. The male counterpart of a girly girl is a "man's man". The increasing prevalence of girly girls in the early 21st century has been linked to a supposed "post-feminist, post–new man construction of masculinity and femininity in mutually exclusive terms", as opposed to the more blurred gender representations of previous decades.


title: Emma Tillinger Koskoff

text: Emma Tillinger Koskoff (born 1972) is an American film producer. She is best known for her collaborations with Martin Scorsese, including acting as a producer on his films "The Wolf of Wall Street" (2013), "Silence" (2016) and "The Irishman" (2019).


title: Emma Tillinger Koskoff

text: She is the recipient of a Primetime Emmy Award and a Hollywood Film Award, as well as nominations for two BAFTA Film Awards and three Academy Awards, among other accolades.


title: Emma Tillinger Koskoff

text: Tillinger is the daughter of actors John Tillinger and Dorothy Lyman. Her paternal grandfather was a German Jew. Her younger brother, Sebastian Tillinger, has also been an actor.


title: Emma Tillinger Koskoff

text: Tillinger started her career at Artist Management Group, where she worked for co-founder Rick Yorn. She worked as an assistant for actress Uma Thurman and director Phil Joanou. Afterwards she was assistant to the late Ted Demme, working on Demme's pictures "Blow" and "A Decade Under the Influence".


title: Emma Tillinger Koskoff

text: In January 2003, she joined Martin Scorsese's production company Sikelia Productions. Originally, Tillinger was Scorsese's assistant before she was promoted to Production President in 2006.


title: Emma Tillinger Koskoff

text: Tillinger Koskoff and her fellow producers Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio and Joey McFarland were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2013 film "The Wolf of Wall Street". She was featured in "The Hollywood Reporter" in April 2019, with the article covering much of her work with Scorsese and filming in New York City.


title: Soundarya filmography

text: Soundarya was an Indian actress who worked predominantly in Telugu films in addition to Kannada and Tamil films. She made her film debut through the Kannada film "Gandharva" (1992). The following year, she debuted in Telugu and Tamil with the films "Manavarali Pelli" and "Ponnumani" respectively. She received critical acclaim for her role in the latter. Between 1993 & 1994, she appeared in several commercially successful Telugu films, notably "Rajendrudu Gajendrudu", "Mayalodu", "Number One" and "Hello Brother". However, she had her career breakthrough with "Ammoru" (1995), a film which garnered her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu. In 1996, she featured in the highly successful film "Pavitra Bandham" and won the Nandi Award for Best Actress. The success of these films established her as the leading actress of Telugu cinema. She achieved further success with films like "Pelli Chesukundam", "Choodalani Vundi", "Dongaata" and "Arunachalam", the latter being her first venture with Rajinikanth.


title: Soundarya filmography

text: Her portrayal of an NRI woman falling prey to the extreme abuse by her father-in-law in the film "Anthahpuram" (1998) was highly applauded by critics. She won several accolades, including her second Filmfare Best Actress award and the Nandi Special Jury Award. In 1999, she featured in the romantic drama "Raja", which earned her the third Filmfare Best Actress award as well as the Industry Hit film "Padayappa". The same year, she appeared opposite "Amitabh Bachchan" in the film "Sooryavansham", her first and only venture in Bollywood. Her career saw a further rise with films like "Annayya", "Ninne Premistha", "Azad", "9 Nelalu" and "Eduruleni Manishi," which garnered her positive reviews"." In 2002, she acted as the protagonist and co-produced the film "Dweepa", which won numerous accolades including two National Film Awards. Her subsequent films in Telugu failed at the box office in the early 2000s. Her only successful films around this time included the only two Malayalam films of hers, "Yathrakarude Sradhakku" (2002) and "Kilichundan Mampazham" (2003). "Swetha Naagu" became her last release while being alive; it was her 100th film. Post her death, "Shiva Shankar" and "Apthamitra" marked her posthumous releases. She was also awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada for "Apthamitra" posthumously.


title: A League of Their Own (British game show)

text: A League of Their Own is a British sports-based comedy panel game that was first broadcast on Sky One (now Sky Max) on 11 March 2010. The show is currently hosted by Romesh Ranganathan and features Jamie Redknapp as a team captain and Micah Richards as a regular panellist.


text: The show is a standard panel quiz show where two teams of three, the Red and Blue teams compete for points awarded in three rounds, to find the overall winning team by points total.


text: The show was hosted for the first 13 series by James Corden. The Red Team is captained by former Liverpool and England footballer Jamie Redknapp, who was formerly joined by once regular panellist and stand-up comedian John Bishop. In series 5, Bishop was absent for several episodes due to his Sport Relief challenge, eventually leaving the show as a regular. Redknapp was joined on the red team by comedian Romesh Ranganathan for series 13 and 14. The Blue Team was captained by retired Lancashire and England cricketer Freddie Flintoff for the first 16 series. Flintoff was replaced by a series of guest captains starting from series 17. For the first four series Flintoff was joined by then Sky Sports F1 presenter Georgie Thompson. From series 5, comedian Jack Whitehall replaced Thompson as regular panellist on the blue team due to her F1 commitments. Whitehall himself left the show after series 12. Micah Richards became the blue team's regular panellist from series 17. Each episode the teams are supplemented by special guests.


text: Neither Corden, Redknapp nor Thompson had been regular features on a television panel show before. Corden was non-committal about whether the show marked a new direction for him as a television host, stating "I spend most of my time sitting in a room with my mates talking about sport anyway. To get paid to do such a thing will be great. I hope it will be a fun show and people will enjoy watching it." Redknapp said "I'm loving it, but it is nerve-wracking" and "the key is to try to have a bit of fun, but to remember that we're not comedians and can't compete with the professionals" referring to Bishop and Corden. Thompson said of the show that it was "the fun factor that I've been looking for" and represented an "exciting opportunity" in her career.


text: Due to Corden's commitments to his U.S. talk show "The Late Late Show", the 14th series was presented, in part, by guest hosts. Corden's absence was extended into the 15th series due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This series was hosted mainly by Ranganathan with Flintoff and Redknapp hosting one episode apiece. Ranganathan was confirmed as the show's new permanent host starting from series 16.


text: The show was created by Paul Brassey, a development producer at CPL Productions. The show was recorded in Pinewood Studios (BBC Elstree Centre from series 3, and Elstree Film Studios from series 12), being filmed on Mondays and Tuesdays in front of a live studio audience. The show was commissioned by Duncan Gray, with Gray, Danielle Lux and Murray Boland acting as Executive Producers. It was announced on 20 October 2009 that the pilot for the show would be hosted by Corden alongside team captains Redknapp and England cricketer Stuart Broad, although Broad was replaced in the line up by Flintoff by the time of the series 1 start. Executive producer Danielle Lux said it would be "an Olympic standard comedy show for anyone who loves their sport and a fun-filled half-hour for those who don't." The pilot was recorded on 24 October, and was due to be aired later in 2009. Sky One's promotion for the show included a TV advert featuring Corden mis-kicking a football, spoofing contemporary serious sportswear advertising campaigns, accompanied by the tagline "the new panel show that doesn't take sport too seriously".


text: Keith Watson of the "Metro" welcomed the show as a challenger to "Britain's No.1 TV sports spot-the-scripted-bits banter show", referring to the BBC's show "A Question of Sport", hosted by Sue Barker. Watson, writing after the first episode, said "Team skippers Freddie Flintoff and Jamie Redknapp are just there as window-dressing/butts of jokes, for this is Corden's show and he takes to it like a puck to the ice rink. [Sue] Barker beware." Sharon Lougher and Larushka Ivan-Zadeh also of the "Metro" went further, announcing the show as "basically, "A Question of Sport" for idiots ... the televisual equivalent of "Nuts" magazine".


text: Writing after the first episode, Harry Venning of "The Stage" panned the show, summarising it as "Imagine "A Question of Sport" without the sports questions, combined with "They Think It's All Over" without the comedy". Criticising the length of the opening hour-long special, Venning said it contained some fine gags but not enough of them, and the format was "dull, unimaginative and painfully protracted", albeit praising Flintoff for being "surprisingly witty and charming".


text: The British Comedy Guide said of the first episode that "the sportsman-dominated panel showed: very few laughs, and little charm" and were not convinced of the format, although conceding that not being sports fans they might not be the target audience.


text: The following have made more than one appearance on the show as a guest "(up to and including series 17, episode 8)":


text: An Australian version of "A League of Their Own" aired on Network Ten on 16 September 2013. It was presented by comedian Tommy Little and the captains were tennis star Pat Cash and swimmer Eamon Sullivan. The series had ten episodes. Nine episodes were broadcast with the tenth episode being viewed online after it was cancelled to immediate effect after posting a disappointing rating in the show's ninth week.


text: A Danish version of "A League of Their Own" aired on Kanal 5 on 7 September 2015. The Danish title is ""5. Halvleg"", in English: ""5th half"". The show is presented by comedian Carsten Bang and the captains are former professional cyclist Jesper Skibby and comedian Jesper Juhl. In the first series, there was 10 episodes, and the last aired on 5 November 2015.


text: The first series was very successful, with good ratings, and Kanal 5 decided to renew the show for a second series, with the premiere on 18 February 2016. The series contained 8 episodes, with the same host and captains as in series 1. The last episode of series 2 aired on 14 April 2016.


text: Series 2 was another successful series for Kanal 5, and they decided to renew the show for a third series, with the same host and captains as in the first two series. The first episode of series 3 aired on 4 September 2016.


text: Series 4 on 5 went on with the same host and captains. The first episode of series 4 aired on 12 February 2017 and the last episode aired on 22 June 2017. The first episode of series 5 aired on 2 November 2017.


text: A German version of "A League of Their Own" called "Eine Liga für sich - Buschis Sechserkette", in English: "A League of its Own - Buschi's Chain of Six" aired on German TV channel Sky 1 on 13 March 2017. It is presented by sports commentator and former basketball player Frank Buschmann. Comedian Matze Knop and television host and former professional handball player Panagiota Petridou serve as captains.


text: An American version of "A League of Their Own" called "Game On!" aired on CBS on 27 May 2020 until 22 July 2020. The show was hosted by Keegan-Michael Key with tennis champion Venus Williams and three-time Super Bowl champion Rob Gronkowski as team captains. James Corden (who hosts "The Late Late Show" for the network and was the presenter of the original British version) served as executive producer of the show. At the time, this version was going to be aired on 20 May before the change to 27 May.


title: Nationals Park

text: Nationals Park is a baseball stadium along the Anacostia River in the Navy Yard neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Home to Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals since its completion in 2008, it was the first LEED-certified green major professional sports stadium in the United States.


title: Nationals Park

text: Designed by HOK Sport and Devrouax & Purnell Architects and Planners, the ballpark cost $693 million to build. An additional $84.2 million was spent on transportation, art, and infrastructure upgrades, bringing the total cost to $783.9 million. The stadium has a capacity of 41,339. The Washington Monument and the Capitol building are visible from the upper decks on the first base side of the field.


title: Nationals Park

text: Nationals Park hosted the 2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first All-Star Game to be played in Washington, D.C. since 1969. It hosted games 3, 4, and 5 of the World Series, the first in the city since .


title: Nationals Park

text: Nationals Park is located in the Southeast quadrant of Washington, D.C. on South Capitol Street (a main artery separating Southeast from Southwest Washington) at the Anacostia River waterfront. The ballpark is accessible from Interstate 395 via the Southwest Freeway, and from Interstate 295 via the Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge, which carries South Capitol Street across the Anacostia River. The Douglass Bridge was renovated so that South Capitol Street could continue at ground level past the stadium (it was previously above ground level).


title: Nationals Park

text: The primary method of transportation to the stadium is on the Washington Metro system. The stadium is one block from Navy Yard–Ballpark station on the Green Line. The station is located near the park's center field entrance (on the opposite side of Capitol Street SE from the main entrance) and is heavily used by fans on game day. The station's southern entrance was expanded when the stadium was built, adding an escalator and elevator and moving the farecard mezzanine to street level.


title: Nationals Park

text: Parking near the stadium is limited. There are 14 Nationals Park-sanctioned parking lots or garages, with a small number of third-party lots nearby. During the 2008 and 2009 seasons, the Nationals ran a free shuttle service (dubbed the "Nats Express") from parking lots at RFK Stadium to Nationals Park on game days.


title: Nationals Park

text: Several Metrobus routes and the DC Circulator's Eastern Market–L'Enfant Plaza route serve the park. Various other transit options include a water taxi service from Alexandria, Virginia, and Georgetown.


title: Nationals Park

text: Cyclists are encouraged to ride to the stadium and are offered free valet bicycle parking. Garage C, located next to the ticket windows at the corner of 1st and N Street, houses a free bike valet service where fans are invited to store their bikes during the game. There are also 110 red bike racks on the sidewalks around the ballpark.


title: Nationals Park

text: After it was announced that the Expos would leave Montreal, the government of Washington, D.C., began looking for a site for a baseball stadium to lure the team to Washington. After considering sites near RFK Stadium, in NoMA and straddling I-395 at Banneker Park, District officials announced on September 21, 2004, that they had chosen a site near the SE Anacostia waterfront.


title: Nationals Park

text: Financing for the stadium was expected to be provided by a banking syndicate led by Deutsche Bank. However, the finalization of the financing deal stalled due to complex negotiations among the city government, MLB as the owner of the team, and the bank. The bank requested a letter of credit or comparable financial guarantee against stadium rent to cover risks such as poor attendance or terrorism. The requested guarantee was $23 million, with the city requesting that MLB provide the guarantee. The financing situation was later solved, and construction began in May 2006.


title: Nationals Park

text: The site of Nationals Park was chosen by Mayor Anthony Williams as the most viable of four possibilities for a ballpark. The ballpark's design was released to the public at a press conference on March 14, 2006. Groundbreaking was in early 2006. With an ambitious construction schedule of fewer than two years to complete the stadium, a design-build approach was selected to allow the architects and builders to work in concert with one another. Ronnie Strompf, the project superintendent, coordinated the efforts of numerous subcontractors daily.


title: Nationals Park

text: The 2008 Washington Nationals season was the team's first in Nationals Park. The George Washington University (GW) and the Nationals announced in February 2008 that the GW Colonials baseball team would play the first game in Nationals Park on March 22, 2008. GW played Saint Joseph's University in an afternoon game and the hometown Colonials had a 9–4 victory over Saint Joseph's.


title: Nationals Park

text: The Washington Nationals defeated the Baltimore Orioles, 3–0, in an exhibition game on March 29, 2008, in their first game in the ballpark.


title: Nationals Park

text: The Nationals opened the 2008 MLB season in Nationals Park with a rare one-game series against the Atlanta Braves on March 30, which served as the first official MLB game at the park. True to tradition, President George W. Bush threw out the ceremonial first pitch. The Nationals defeated the Braves, 3–2, with a walk-off home run from Ryan Zimmerman, giving the Nationals their first opening day win since moving to Washington. Chipper Jones of the Braves hit the first batted ball and first home run, while the Nationals' Cristian Guzman got the first base hit. According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Zimmerman's game-winning home run was the third walk-off home run in major-league history to be hit in the first MLB game played at a stadium. The game was the most-watched MLB opening night in the history of ESPN.


title: Nationals Park

text: In their first season at Nationals Park, the Nationals finished with a league-worst record of 59–102. At home, they drew 29,005 fans per game, placing their average attendance at 19th in MLB.


title: Nationals Park

text: Several ballpark improvement projects were completed by the Nationals during the off-season, including:


title: Nationals Park

text: Concessionaire Levy Restaurants replaced Centerplate as the provider of food and beverage at Nationals Park beginning with the 2009 season.


title: Nationals Park

text: Before the Nationals 2009 home opener on April 13, 2009, at 3 PM, longtime Philadelphia Phillies announcer Harry Kalas was found unconscious in the Nationals Park press box at 12:20 PM. Kalas was rushed to George Washington University Hospital and pronounced dead at 1:20 PM. A moment of silence was held before the game, followed by both Nationals and Phillies fans applauding Kalas in tribute. The Phillies played with a picture of Kalas in their dugout.


title: Nationals Park

text: On June 4, 2009, Randy Johnson became the 24th pitcher in MLB history to reach 300 wins when the San Francisco Giants beat the Nationals 5–1 at Nationals Park. The game was scheduled to be played the night before, but was delayed due to heavy rain in the DC-area. On July 4, 2009, Adam Dunn became the 123rd player to hit 300 career home runs. The home run came in the 7th inning in a 5–3 win versus the Atlanta Braves.


title: Nationals Park

text: During the All-Star break, the press box was repainted blue to match the color of the seats. On June 8, 2010, pitcher Stephen Strasburg, called the "most hyped and closely watched pitching prospect in the history of baseball", made his first major league appearance, starting a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates before a sold-out crowd at Nationals Park. Strasburg pitched seven innings, giving up two runs and striking out 14 batters, a new team strikeout record.


title: Nationals Park

text: Minor changes before the start of the 2011 season include removing the party tent on top of the LF parking garage to improve views of the U.S. Capitol from upper sections, chrome baseball decorations adorning the outside the stadium, and various signage and concession changes including the departure of Five Guys. Nationals Park also became home of the D.C. Sports Hall of Fame. In June 2011 four new concession stands opened, owned by Danny Meyer's Union Square Hospitality Group: Blue Smoke (barbecue), Box Frites ("Belgian-style fries and dipping sauces"), El Verano Taqueria (Mexican) and Shake Shack (hamburgers, hot dogs, frozen custard). The team has also ended Friday night firework shows and fireworks after home runs and team victories.


title: Nationals Park

text: On May 4, for the series against Philadelphia, the Nationals renamed the park "Natitude Park". This was following their "Take Back the Park" plan, first selling advance tickets to fans in the Washington D.C. area before opening up ticket sales to other states. This marked a shift from recent years where Phillies fans had flooded the park, as the crowd was predominantly Nationals fans and the team took two of three from their division rivals. The Nationals made the playoffs for the first time since relocating to Washington in the 2012 season, with Games 3, 4, and 5 of the 2012 National League Division Series against the St. Louis Cardinals being played in Nationals Park. Washington lost the NLDS three games to two.


title: Nationals Park

text: Team owner Theodore N. Lerner approached D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray and other city officials in mid-July 2013 and asked if the city would pay to have a retractable roof built over Nationals Park. After seeing sketches, Gray rejected the proposal at the same meeting. No cost analyses were done before the meeting, although team architects speculated it would cost $300 million. City officials noted that the stadium was not designed for a roof.


title: Nationals Park

text: The Nationals made the playoffs for the second time since arriving in Washington. Nationals Park hosted Games 1 and 2 of the 2014 National League Division Series. The Nationals lost the series to the San Francisco Giants, three games to one.


title: Nationals Park

text: On January 1, 2015, Nationals Park hosted the 2015 NHL Winter Classic before a crowd of 42,832 spectators. The Washington Capitals defeated the Chicago Blackhawks, 3–2, after former Blackhawk Troy Brouwer scored the go-ahead goal with 13 seconds remaining in regulation play. This made the Capitals only the second home team to win a Winter Classic and the first to win two Winter Classics, having won in Pittsburgh in 2011.


title: Nationals Park

text: On July 17, 2015, during a regular-season game between the Nationals and the Los Angeles Dodgers, a series of three power outages affected a bank of lights along the park's third base line. The first power outage, which occurred in the bottom of the 4th inning, resulted in a delay of 1 hour and 22 minutes. Play was later resumed as the pitchers retired the next five batters. In the middle of the 5th inning, another power outage occurred, which resulted in a 40-minute delay. The bottom of the 5th inning was later played; at the end of the inning, a third power outage occurred. Due to the power outages, the game was suspended in the top of the 6th inning, with the Nationals leading the Dodgers, 3–2, at that point. The game was resumed the next afternoon, with the Nationals winning against the Dodgers, 5–3.


title: Nationals Park

text: The Nationals made the playoffs for the third time since arriving in Washington. Nationals Park hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 of the 2016 National League Division Series. The Nationals lost the series to the Los Angeles Dodgers, three games to two.


title: Nationals Park

text: Before the 2017 season, the Nationals added the MGM National Harbor Dugout Club, named for the nearby Maryland casino which opened in December 2016. These seats were added near the first base dugout, in the approximate location where the tarp was stored in previous seasons. The tarp has been moved to the third-base side.


title: Nationals Park

text: In late September 2017, a new organ was installed at Nationals Park, fulfilling the Washington Nationals organization's long-held goal of upgrading the stadium's organ. The Viscount Sonus 60, priced at $20,000 on European Web sites, was manufactured in Mondaino, Italy, and tuned in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It was installed in a former radio booth on the second floor of the stadium's press box, replacing a less-capable portable Hammond organ located in a corner of the stadium's sound effects control room. The new location gave the organist a private room for the first time and a better view of the field and crowd.


title: Nationals Park

text: The Nationals made the playoffs for the fourth time since arriving in Washington. Nationals Park hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 of the 2017 National League Division Series. The Nationals lost the series to the Chicago Cubs three games to two.


title: Nationals Park

text: Nationals Park hosted the 2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 17. It was the fifth MLB All-Star Game to be played in Washington, D.C., and the first in Washington since 1969. The American League beat the National League 8–6 before 43,843 fans.


title: Nationals Park

text: Nationals Park hosted games 3, 4 and 5 of the World Series, the first in the city since . The Nationals lost them all to the Houston Astros, but still won the series in seven games.


title: Nationals Park

text: On July 17, 2021, at about 9:30 p.m. EDT, a shooting occurred outside of Nationals Park in Washington, D.C., during a baseball game between the Washington Nationals and the San Diego Padres. Three people were injured. The shooting happened in the middle of the sixth inning with San Diego holding an 8–4 lead. Some fans moved into the teams' dugouts and onto the field while others left the stadium.


title: Nationals Park

text: Some stadium employees believed the incident to be a drive-by shooting. The Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) reported the shooting occurred at N Street and South Capitol Street SW, near the Third Base Gate.


title: Nationals Park

text: In a joint statement the following day, Mayor of D.C. Muriel Bowser and Nationals owner Mark Lerner said, "While MPD's investigation is ongoing, it appears the incident involved a dispute between individuals in two vehicles. MPD does not believe the Washington Nationals, the ballpark or fans were the target."


title: Nationals Park

text: The game was suspended and was completed the following day at 1:05 p.m., before that day's regularly scheduled game, without further incident. The Padres defeated the Nationals, 10–4.


title: Nationals Park

text: As of the 2017 season, the ballpark has 41,338 seats and features 79 suites on three levels, all around the infield. Team President Stan Kasten also said that the team might sell the naming rights to the levels of the luxury suites, which currently bear the names of presidents Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln. While the city agreed to spend up to $611 million, Kasten has stated that the principal owners, the Lerner family, spent tens of millions of dollars more on "jazzing up the park". The park has an out-of-town scoreboard, which is long, installed in the right-field wall. The main scoreboard, at long and high, is more than five times the size of the one at RFK Stadium.


title: Nationals Park

text: On March 13, 2007, Kasten announced that there would be a grove of cherry blossoms located just beyond the left-field bleachers. Kasten stated that the cherry blossoms would provide a look that Americans associate with the nation's capital.


title: Nationals Park

text: Other distinctive features of the ballpark are the views of the U.S. Capitol from the upper deck. These views have been mostly blocked by new construction in recent years. Fans in the upper deck sitting down the right-field line near the foul pole can get a glimpse of the Washington Monument and the National Cathedral during day games. Several area-based food establishments have concession stands: Ben's Chili Bowl hot dogs, Dogfish Head and Flying Dog Brewery beer.


title: Nationals Park

text: Another feature, The Budweiser Brew House, is a full-service sit-down restaurant located in center field. It offers some unusual amenities such as salads, along with regular ballpark fare such as burgers and hot dogs. When the stadium first opened in 2008, the restaurant was enclosed by glass windows with a view of the field, which were soon made retractable. The restaurant was eventually expanded to outside the interior, with tables being placed in three rows outside.


title: Nationals Park

text: The ballpark's press box is named in honor of longtime Washington Post sports columnist and reporter Shirley Povich, cited as a longtime friend of Lerner by the team.


title: Nationals Park

text: In 2010, the stadium added the Ring of Honor, celebrating players from the Washington Senators (Joe Cronin, Rick Ferrell, Goose Goslin, Clark Griffith, Bucky Harris, Walter Johnson, Harmon Killebrew, Heinie Manush, Sam Rice, and Early Wynn), Negro league Washington Homestead Grays (Cool Papa Bell, Ray Brown, Josh Gibson, Buck Leonard, Cumberland Posey, and Jud Wilson), and the Nationals franchise's previous incarnation, the Montreal Expos (Gary Carter and Andre Dawson) who have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.


title: Nationals Park

text: Since 2011, a submarine dive horn has blared after every Nationals home run and win—a nod to the park's location in the Navy Yard neighborhood. And as with any World Series victory, as it did in , Queen's "We Are the Champions" is played over the PA.


title: Nationals Park

text: In September 2018, the ashes of John McNamara, a sportswriter killed in the Capital Gazette shooting, were spread in the flowers just over the left-field fence.


title: Nationals Park

text: In terms of batting park factor ESPN writer Tristan H. Cockcroft has said that "Nationals Park has been remarkably consistent in its neutrality from a run-scoring perspective."


title: Nationals Park

text: On January 11, 2021, the Nationals announced a partnership agreement with Bet MGM, a subsidiary of MGM Resorts International, to open a sportsbook at Nationals Park. The sportsbook will be accessible from outside the park and located by the Center Field Gate in a space formally occupied by auxiliary event space Center Field Social. Fans inside the stadium will be able to bet using a mobile device within the stadium and a two-block radius of the ballpark.


title: Nationals Park

text: Seating at Nationals Park is divided into over twelve different pricing zones. There are four seating levels: the field level, mezzanine level, gallery level, and upper gallery level.


title: Nationals Park

text: The Grandstand is composed of sections 401 and 402, in the corner of the upper deck in the left field, in which seats are $5 for all games (except playoffs, which cost more). Tickets go on sale hours before the first pitch on the game day and cannot be ordered in advance.


title: Nationals Park

text: The stadium features three levels of upscale luxury seating. The largest of the three, the Norfolk Southern Club, is a two-story indoor lounge exclusively for fans with tickets in sections 206–221. The lounge is and features various food entities, live television broadcasts of the game on dozens of TVs, and views of the Anacostia River. It was previously named the Stars and Stripes Club until the naming rights were purchased by Norfolk Southern Railway in 2014. The PNC Diamond Club, the naming rights of which were purchased by PNC Bank, is on the field level between the two dugouts. It was remodeled and expanded into two floors before the 2016 season. The Delta Sky360 Club seats are located right behind home plate and are the most expensive seats in the stadium and include access to an indoor lounge. It was previously named the Lexus Presidents Club until Delta Airlines purchased the naming rights in 2016.


title: Nationals Park

text: As features were changed, added, or removed, seating capacity has changed repeatedly since the stadium opened; the number of seats has dropped slightly several times since it opened in 2008. In the inaugural 2008 season, seating capacity was 41,888; as of 2016, the seating capacity is 41,313. The seating capacity increased to 41,339 in 2017.


title: Nationals Park

text: On January 1, 2015, the National Hockey League held its "Winter Classic" – the New Year's Day traditional outdoor game – at Nationals Park. A hockey rink was constructed on the field where the home team Washington Capitals hosted the Chicago Blackhawks. The Capitals scored the game-winning goal with 13 seconds left in the 3rd period, defeating the Blackhawks, 3–2.


title: Nationals Park

text: Performers who have held concerts at Nationals Park include Billy Joel, Taylor Swift, and Paul McCartney, among others.


title: Nationals Park

text: On April 17, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI celebrated Mass at Nationals Park for 47,000 people during his visit to the United States. There were 200,000 requests submitted for tickets to the Mass.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Kenneth Bernard Wright Jr. (born July 23, 1989) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the fourth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at Mississippi State.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright attended Olive Branch High School in Olive Branch, Mississippi, where he was a three-sport athlete in football, basketball and track. He was named first-team, all-state on the defensive line by "The Clarion-Ledger". He recorded 91 total tackles during his senior season in which 48 of them were solo tackles. He was listed as the number 19 prospect in Mississippi following his senior season according to Rivals.com. He was awarded with his performance with top scholarship offers from Auburn, Arkansas, Ole Miss, and South Carolina. He committed to Mississippi State during his senior year of high school.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright played for Mississippi State during his college career. He held onto the number 34 while playing for Mississippi State and played the linebacker position. During his sophomore season, he was promoted as a starter on the defensive unit as an outside linebacker. He then began to start for the rest of his college career except for his senior year, when he did not start for two games due to formation changes. He still started ten out of twelve games during his senior year.


title: K. J. Wright

text: On January 13, 2011, it was announced Wright had accepted his invitation to play in the 2011 Senior Bowl and was one of four Mississippi State players attending, including Derek Sherrod, Pernell McPhee and Chris White. On January 29, 2011, he played in the Under Armour's Senior Bowl and was part of Chan Gailey's South team that defeated the North 24–10. He attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana and completed all of the combine drills. On March 10, 2011, Wright attended Mississippi State's pro day and opted to perform all of the drills except the broad jump and bench press. He was able to beat his times in the 40-yard dash (4.71 seconds), 20-yard dash (2.69 seconds), and 10-yard dash (1.66 seconds) from the NFL combine. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Wright was projected to be a third round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked the eighth best outside linebacker prospect in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com.


title: K. J. Wright

text: The Seattle Seahawks selected Wright in the fourth round (99th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. He was the 13th linebacker selected. General manager John Schneider and head coach Pete Carroll stated they liked the thought of Wright as a strong side linebacker with the possibility of playing rush linebacker.


title: K. J. Wright

text: On July 29, 2011, the Seahawks signed Wright to a four-year, $2.52 million contract that included a signing bonus of $486,000.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright performed well and impressed coaches throughout training camp and began taking reps at middle linebacker after the unexpected release of Lofa Tatupu in July. Linebackers coach Ken Norton stated that he thought Wright was better suited for middle linebacker due to his instincts and length. He also felt that learning the position would speed up Wright's development since he would have to learn all of the defensive calls. Head coach Carroll named Wright the backup middle linebacker to veteran David Hawthorne to begin the 2011 regular season.


title: K. J. Wright

text: He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Seahawks' season-opener at the San Francisco 49ers and recorded five combined tackles during the 33–17 loss. Wright earned the start at middle linebacker in place of Hawthorne, who was inactive due to a knee injury. On September 22, 2011, Wright began practicing at weak side linebacker with the first team defense in practice. It was suspected he had supplanted Aaron Curry as the starting strong side linebacker after Curry had a dismal performance where he dropped a crucial interception in the second quarter of the Seahawks' 24–0 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 2. The next day, defensive coordinator Gus Bradley announced there would be a competition between Wright and Curry for the job as the starting strong side linebacker. On October 2, 2011, Wright earned his first career start at strong side linebacker after Matt McCoy started the previous week. He recorded two solo tackles in the 30–28 loss to the Atlanta Falcons. Although he earned the start, he shared playing time with Curry, with Curry receiving more snaps. The following day, head coach Carroll stated that the competition for the starting strong side linebacker job between both players remained open.


title: K. J. Wright

text: In Week 5, Wright made his second consecutive start at outside linebacker and made four combined tackles in a 36–25 victory at the New York Giants. On October 13, the Seahawks traded Curry to the Oakland Raiders, effectively making Wright the "de facto" starting strong side linebacker for the remainder of the season. On December 1, he collected five solo tackles and made his first career sack, on Philadelphia Eagles' quarterback Vince Young during a 31–14 victory. The following game, he recorded a season-high eight combined tackles and sacked Sam Bradford during a 30–13 win over the St. Louis Rams. On December 18, Wright again achieved eight combined tackles during a 38–14 victory at the Chicago Bears. He finished his rookie season with 65 combined tackles (50 solo), three pass deflections, and two sacks in 16 games and 12 starts.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright returned as the starting strong side linebacker in 2012, alongside Leroy Hill and starting rookie middle linebacker Bobby Wagner. He took over play-calling duties from Hawthorne, who departed in free agency. He started the Seahawks' season opener against the Arizona Cardinals and recorded nine combined tackles and forced the first fumble of his career in a 20–16 loss. He forced running back Ryan Williams to fumble on the Cardinals' first drive and it was recovered by Seahawks' defensive lineman Brandon Mebane. On September 24, Wright had a season-high 11 combined tackles in a 14–12 victory over the Green Bay Packers. In Week 9, Wright left during the first quarter of a 30–20 win over the Minnesota Vikings after suffering a concussion. He was listed as inactive and remained in concussion protocol the following game. In Week 15, he made three combined tackles, deflected a pass, and intercepted quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick as the Seahawks routed the Buffalo Bills 50–17. The next week, he collected seven combined tackles and sacked Alex Smith in a 42–13 defeat of the San Francisco 49ers. He finished the season with 98 combined tackles (68 solo), five pass deflections, a sack, an interception, and a fumble recovery in 15 games and 15 starts. He played in 92% of the Seahawks' defensive snaps.


title: K. J. Wright

text: The Seahawks finished second in the NFC West with an 11–5 record and received a wildcard spot. On January 6, 2013, Wright started his first career playoff game and recorded eight combined tackles and a pass deflection during a 24–14 NFC Wildcard victory at the Washington Redskins. They were eliminated from the playoffs the following week, losing 30–28 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional round.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Head coach Carroll named Wagner, Wright, and Malcolm Smith the starting linebackers to begin the regular season. On September 15, Wright made six combined tackles, defended a pass, and sacked Colin Kaepernick, as the Seahawks routed the San Francisco 49ers 45–17. In Week 9, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles during a 27–24 victory against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On December 8, Wright made three combined tackles during a 19–17 loss at the San Francisco 49ers before leaving with a foot injury. It was later discovered to be a broken foot, and Wright missed the remainder of the regular season. Wright finished the season with 80 combined tackles (46 solo), four pass deflections, and 1.5 sacks in 13 games and 13 starts. The Seahawks' defense allowed the fewest points during the season, under defensive coordinator Dan Quinn. At the time of his injury, Wright's overall grade from Pro Football Focus ranked him tenth among all outside linebackers. Wright played in 86% of Seattle's defensive snaps in 2013.


title: K. J. Wright

text: The Seahawks finished atop the NFC West with a 13–3 record. After defeating the New Orleans Saints, the Seahawks went on to face the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship with Wright making his return from injury. He recorded two combined tackles as the Seahawks won 23–17. On February 2, 2014, Wright started in Super Bowl XLVIII and made seven combined tackles as they routed the Denver Broncos 43–8.


title: K. J. Wright

text: On December 18, 2014, the Seahawks signed Wright to a four-year, $27 million extension that included $10.18 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $5 million. He became the second-highest-paid outside linebacker behind only Lance Briggs, and the contract had the largest total value of any outside linebacker's in the league.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright entered training camp slated as the starting weak side linebacker after defensive end Bruce Irvin transitioned to strong side linebacker under defensive coordinator Dan Quinn. Head coach Carroll named Wright the starting weak side linebacker to start the regular season, opposite Mike Morgan, who was named the starting strong side linebacker while Irvin recuperated from hip surgery. On November 2, 2014, Wright recorded a season-high 13 combined tackles, a pass deflection, and a forced fumble during a 30–24 victory against the Oakland Raiders. In Week 13, he made seven combined tackles and recorded his first sack on the season on San Francisco 49ers' quarterback Colin Kaepernick in their 19–3 victory. Wright finished the season with 107 combined tackles (73 solo), four pass deflections, two sacks, and two forced fumbles in 16 games and 16 starts. It marked his first season with over 100 tackles and his first season starting all 16 games.


title: K. J. Wright

text: The Seahawks finished atop the NFC West with a 12–4 record, marking their second consecutive season in first place. They went on to defeat the Carolina Panthers 31–17 and then defeated the Green Bay Packers 28–22 to win the NFC Championship. On February 1, 2015, Wright recorded 11 combined tackles as the New England Patriots defeated the Seahawks 28–24 to win Super Bowl XLIX.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright, Wagner, and Irvin returned to their starting roles in 2015 under new defensive coordinator Kris Richard. On September 20, 2015, Wright recorded nine combined tackles and forced a fumble during a 27–17 loss at the Green Bay Packers. Wright was ejected from the game after getting into a physical altercation with Packers' tight end Richard Rodgers II in the third quarter. Wright shoved Rodgers to the ground and attempted to rip his helmet off and was flagged for unnecessary roughness and immediately ejected from the game. On September 25, 2015, the NFL fined Wright $10,000 for the incident.


title: K. J. Wright

text: On October 5, 2015, Wright was involved in a controversial play during a 13–10 win against the Detroit Lions. With less than two minutes remaining in the fourth quarter, Lions' wide receiver Calvin Johnson fumbled the ball at the one-yard line while attempting to dive in the end zone. Wright batted the ball out of the back of the endzone, resulting in a touchback and possession for the Seahawks. The play was scrutinized after ESPN officiating analyst Gerry Austin pointed out the error and explained that the referees failed to penalize Wright for illegal batting that would've given the Lions possession at the one-yard line. Wright admitted the bat was intentional, but was unaware of the penalty. The NFL vice-president of officiating Dean Blandino admitted fault on behalf of the referees and confirmed illegal batting, and that Wright should have been penalized. In Week 6, Wright recorded a season-high 12 combined tackles in the Seahawks' 27–23 loss to the Carolina Panthers.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Through the first half of the 2015 season, Wright enjoyed the most productive stretch of his career, with 58 total tackles (34 solo), one tackle for loss, a forced fumble, a fumble recovery, and one pass defensed. Over these eight games, Pro Football Focus graded him as the second best linebacker in the league and named him to their All-Pro second-team. He finished the season with 115 combined tackles (71 solo), three pass deflections, and a sack in 16 games and 16 starts. He started all 16 games and had over 100 tackles for the second consecutive season. Pro Football Focus ranked Wright 53rd among all players in 2015. The Seahawks received a playoff berth after finishing second in the NFC West with a 10–6 record. After defeating the Minnesota Vikings, they went on to play the Carolina Panthers in the NFC Divisional round. Wright recorded 14 combined tackles as the Seahawks lost 31–24.


title: K. J. Wright

text: During the offseason, strong side linebacker Bruce Irvin departed in free agency, while Wagner and Wright returned to their respective positions with Mike Morgan taking over the vacant strong side linebacker role. Wright started the Seahawks' season-opener against the Miami Dolphins and recorded a season-high 11 combined tackles and sacked quarterback Ryan Tannehill during a 12–10 victory. On October 23, 2016, he recorded a season-high ten solo tackles in the Seahawks' 6–6 tie with the Arizona Cardinals. He finished the season with a career-high 126 combined tackles (72 solo), five pass deflections, and a career-high four sacks in 16 games and 16 starts.


title: K. J. Wright

text: The Seahawks finished 10–5–1 and first in the NFC West. On January 14, 2017, Wright recorded ten combined tackles in a 36–20 loss at the Atlanta Falcons. Wright was selected as a replacement for Ryan Kerrigan for the 2017 Pro Bowl and was named to Pro Football Focus All-Pro second-team for the second straight year. It was Wright's first Pro Bowl appearance. He finished the season with a career-high 126 tackles and four sacks.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright returned as the starting right outside linebacker, opposite Terence Garvin. On October 29, 2017, Wright recorded a season-high 15 combined tackles in the Seahawks' 41–38 victory against the Houston Texans. He missed a Week 15 matchup against the Los Angeles Rams due to a back injury. The injury ended his 53-game streak of starts. In Week 16, he made six combined tackles, deflected two passes, and intercepted a pass by Dak Prescott in a 21–12 victory at the Dallas Cowboys. It was his first interception since 2012. He finished the season with 108 combined tackles (71 solo), six pass deflections, and an interception in 15 games and 15 starts. The Seahawks finished second in their division with a 9–7 record an did not qualify for the playoffs. It marked Wright's first time missing the playoffs with the Seahawks since his rookie season in 2011. Wright received an overall grade of 82.1 From Pro Football Focus, ranking him 19th among all linebackers in 2017.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright suffered a knee injury in the final preseason game against the Minnesota Vikings and underwent arthroscopic knee surgery. As a result of the procedure, he missed the first six games of the season. Wright returned in week 8 against the Detroit Lions after the Seahawks' bye week, and recorded 5 solo tackles and a pass deflection in the 28–14 win. The following week against the Los Angeles Chargers, Wright recorded 7 combined tackles and another pass deflection in the 25–17 loss. Wright recorded 2 combined tackles against the Los Angeles Rams in week 10 but was forced to leave the game early in the second half after aggravating his knee injury. He was inactive for the following week's game against the Green Bay Packers.


title: K. J. Wright

text: In week 6 against the Cleveland Browns, Wright recorded an interception off Baker Mayfield in the 32–28 win.


title: K. J. Wright

text: In week 15 against the Carolina Panthers, Wright intercepted 2 passes thrown by Kyle Allen during the 30–24 win. Wright finished the season 11th in total tackles with 132.


title: K. J. Wright

text: In Week 5 against the Minnesota Vikings on "Sunday Night Football", Wright intercepted a pass thrown by Kirk Cousins and recovered a fumble lost by Cousins during the 27–26 win.


title: K. J. Wright

text: In Week 9 against the Buffalo Bills, Wright recorded his first sack of the season on Josh Allen during the 44–34 loss. This was also Wright's first sack since the 2016 season.


title: K. J. Wright

text: Wright had one of his most productive seasons with the Seahawks after switching to the strongside linebacker position due to an injury to Bruce Irvin and the drafting of new weakside linebacker Jordyn Brooks. He earned his first placement on the NFL Top 100 list, placing 67th.


title: K. J. Wright

text: On September 6, 2021, Wright signed a one-year contract with the Las Vegas Raiders reuniting him with his former Seahawks defensive coordinator Gus Bradley.


title: K. J. Wright

text: In 2015, Wright proposed to his now-wife Nathalie on a Boeing factory tour that they were taking with her father. They married on May 27, 2017, in Seattle. The couple has two sons. The Wrights were featured in the December 11, 2019 "House Hunters" episode "Big Ballin' in Seattle.


title: Piranha (film series)

text: Piranha is a horror comedy film series that consists of five films. The original film is a parody of the 1975 film "Jaws".


title: Piranha (film series)

text: "Piranha" is a 1978 American horror B movie about a swarm of killer piranhas. It was directed and co-edited by Joe Dante and starred Bradford Dillman, Heather Menzies, Kevin McCarthy, Keenan Wynn, Barbara Steele, and Dick Miller. Produced by Roger Corman, "Piranha" was inspired by the 1975 film "Jaws," which had been a major success for distributor Universal Studios and director Steven Spielberg, and inspired a series of similarly themed B movies such as "Grizzly".


title: Piranha (film series)

text: The film involves a private investigator Maggie McNamara from Lyon Investigation hired by the wealthy J.R. Randolph to find his niece that has disappeared with her boyfriend. Maggie seeks out the lonely environmentalist Paul Grogan to help her to look for the teenager. They head to an abandoned army facility and Maggie decides to drain the pools to see whether the body of the girl is there. They are assaulted by a man with a crowbar but they subdue him. However she escapes and soon they learn that the woman is Dr. Leticia Baines, who is researching a hybrid species of piranha that is capable of surviving in fresh and sea waters for military purposes. Furthermore, Maggie has released the piranhas on the river and they are heading to the Lost River Lake Resort.


title: Piranha (film series)

text: "Piranha II: The Spawning", also known as "Piranha II: Flying Killers", is a 1982 horror film and the sequel to the 1978 low-budget cult film "Piranha", and the feature film directorial debut of James Cameron.


title: Piranha (film series)

text: "Piranha", also known as "Piranhas", is a 1995 American horror film directed by Scott P. Levy about a school of killer piranhas descending upon the bustling Lost River Lake Resort. Produced as part of "Roger Corman Presents", a series of TV films by Roger Corman for Showtime, it is a remake of the 1978 film "Piranha".


title: Piranha (film series)

text: "Piranha 3D" is a 2010 American 3D horror comedy film and a remake of the 1978 film "Piranha". It was directed by Alexandre Aja and sports an ensemble cast featuring Steven R. McQueen, Jessica Szohr, Jerry O'Connell, Richard Dreyfuss, Christopher Lloyd, Elisabeth Shue, Adam Scott, Kelly Brook, Riley Steele, Ving Rhames and Eli Roth. The film begins with a sudden underwater tremor that frees scores of the prehistoric man-eating fish, and an unlikely group of strangers must band together to stop themselves from becoming fish food for the area's new razor-toothed residents.


title: Piranha (film series)

text: "Piranha 3DD" is a 2012 American 3D comedy horror film and sequel to the 2010 film "Piranha 3D". It is directed by John Gulager from a screenplay by Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton. It stars Danielle Panabaker, Matt Bush, David Koechner, Chris Zylka, Katrina Bowden, Gary Busey, Christopher Lloyd, and David Hasselhoff. Production began on April 27, 2011 with a release scheduled for November 23, 2011, but a month prior to release this date was revised to an unspecified 2012 date. The film was eventually released in the UK on May 11, 2012 and in the U.S. on June 1, 2012.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: In Good Company is a 2004 American romantic comedy drama film, written and directed by Paul Weitz, and starring Dennis Quaid, Topher Grace, and Scarlett Johansson.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: The film is set around a middle-aged advertising executive whose company is bought out by a large international corporation leaving him with a new boss who is nearly half his age. His life is further complicated when his boss takes a romantic interest in his daughter. It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $61 million worldwide.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Dan Foreman is a 51-year-old advertising executive and head of sales for "Sports America", a major sports magazine. Happily married with two daughters, Dan faces a life-changing event when his magazine is bought out by Globecom, an international corporation that promotes the corporate concept of "synergy".


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: After Dan is forced to fire several of his longtime colleagues, he is demoted and becomes the "wingman" of his new boss, Carter Duryea, a 26-year-old business school prodigy. While Dan develops clients through handshake deals and relationships, Carter champions the corporate creed of synergy, cross-promoting the magazine with the cell phone division and "Krispity Krunch", a snack food also owned by Globecom.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Dan and Carter are both facing challenges in their personal lives. Dan is supporting two daughters—16-year-old Jana and 18-year-old Alex who is preparing to enter college—and learns that his wife is pregnant with their third child.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Meanwhile, Carter is dumped by his adulterous, narcissistic wife of seven months and focuses all of his energy on work. With Dan facing the financial realities of taking out a second mortgage to cover his daughter's college education costs and a new child, and with Carter needing Dan's practical, real-life experience in the field of advertising, the two form an uneasy friendship.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Carter, who has been struggling with loneliness following the breakup of his marriage, invites himself to dinner at Dan's, where he meets his daughter Alex, and there is an immediate attraction. Their initial friendship allows Carter to forget his loneliness, and Alex, now attending NYU, is able to escape her own loneliness and boredom. In the coming days, Carter and Alex become romantically involved. Fearful of offending her father, they keep their relationship a secret.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Their friendship, however, takes a turn for the worse when Dan discovers that Carter and Alex have been seeing each other. He approaches them in a restaurant, and punches his boss in the face. The confrontation with her father convinces Alex to break up with Carter who is heartbroken. Soon after, Globecom CEO Teddy K visits the sales office and during a grand speech to all the employees on synergy and other similar corporate business strategies, he is questioned by Dan and shrugs him off.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Carter's boss, Mark Steckle, tells Carter to fire Dan. He refuses, claiming that losing Dan will cost them a major advertising contract. Steckle gives them 24 hours to seal the contract or be fired. As Dan has developed a long-term relationship with the client, Carter gives way to Dan's personal approach. The strategy works, and they conclude a deal.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: Following another corporate shakeup, "Sports America" is sold off, Carter is let go, and Dan returns to his former position as head of sales. Having developed fatherly feelings toward Carter, Dan offers him a position in his new department as his "wingman", but he declines, saying he needs to take some time and discover what he really wants to do in his life.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: On his way out of the building, Carter runs into Alex, and they exchange pleasantries. Dan's wife gives birth to a girl. He calls Carter in Los Angeles (who is jogging outdoors for the first time and feels like a new man) with the news.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: "In Good Company" received mostly positive reviews and has a rating of 83% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 169 reviews with an average score of 7.05/10. The consensus states "The witty and charming "In Good Company" offers laughs at the expense of corporate culture." The film also has a score of 66 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 40 reviews. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: In Good Company (2004 film)

text: On October 14, 2014 (on the film's 10th Anniversary), Universal Television hired Josh Bycel and Jon Fenner from "Happy Endings" to develop a TV show based on the film for CBS.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The Abominable Dr. Phibes is a 1971 British dark comedy horror film, produced by Ronald S. Dunas and Louis M. Heyward, directed by Robert Fuest, written by William Goldstein and James Whiton, and starring Vincent Price and Joseph Cotten. Its art deco sets, dark humour, and performance by Price have made the film and its sequel "Dr. Phibes Rises Again" cult classics. The film also features Terry-Thomas and Hugh Griffith, with an uncredited Caroline Munro appearing as Phibes' wife.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The film follows the title character, Dr Anton Phibes, who blames the medical team that attended to his wife's surgery four years prior for her death and sets out to exact vengeance on each one. Phibes is inspired in his murderous spree by the Ten Plagues of Egypt from the Old Testament. However, the Ten Plagues in the film considerably differ from those in the real world Old Testament; some plagues were dropped, new plagues were added, and even those plagues which remain the same are ordered differently, such as the death of the first-born no longer being the final plague.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: Dr. Anton Phibes, a famous concert organist with doctorate in both music and theology, is believed to have been killed in a car crash in Switzerland in 1921, while racing home upon hearing of the death of his beloved wife, Victoria, during surgery. Phibes survived the crash, but was horribly scarred and left unable to speak. He remade his face with prosthetics and used his knowledge of acoustics to regain his voice. Resurfacing secretly in London in 1925, Phibes believes his wife was a victim of her doctors' incompetence, and begins elaborate plans to kill those he believes are guilty for her death.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: Aided in his quest for vengeance by his beautiful and silent assistant Vulnavia, Phibes uses the Ten Plagues of Egypt as his inspiration, wearing an amulet with Hebrew letters corresponding with each plague as he conducts the murders. After three doctors have been killed, Inspector Trout, a detective from Scotland Yard, learns that they all had worked under the direction of Dr Vesalius, who tells him the deceased had been on his team when treating Victoria, as were four other doctors and one nurse. Trout discovers one of Phibes' amulets (torn off during a struggle) at the murder scene of the fourth doctor, which takes place while he is interviewing Vesalius. He first takes it to the jeweller who made it, then to a rabbi to learn its meaning. Now believing Phibes may still be alive, Trout and Vesalius go to the Phibes mausoleum at Highgate Cemetery. Inside they find a box of ashes in Phibes' coffin, but Trout deduces they are probably the remains of Phibes' chauffeur. Victoria's coffin is empty.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The police are unable to prevent Phibes from killing the remaining members of Vesalius' team, so they focus their efforts entirely on protecting Vesalius himself. Phibes kidnaps Vesalius' son Lem, then calls Vesalius and tells him to come alone to his mansion on Maldene Square if he wants to save his son's life. Trout refuses to let him go so Vesalius knocks the inspector unconscious, then races to Phibes' mansion, where he confronts him. Phibes tells him his son is under anaesthesia and prepared for surgery. Phibes has implanted a key near the boy's heart that will unlock his restraints. Vesalius has to surgically remove the key within six minutes (the same time Victoria was on the operating table) to release his son before acid from a container above Lem's head is released and kills him. Vesalius succeeds and moves the table out of the way. Vulnavia, who was ordered to destroy Phibes' mechanical creations, is surprised by Trout and his assistant; backing away, she is drenched with the acid and killed.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: Convinced that he has accomplished his vendetta, Phibes retreats to the basement to inter himself in a stone sarcophagus containing the embalmed body of his wife. He proceeds to drain his blood while simultaneously replacing it with embalming fluid and lies down in the sarcophagus next to Victoria. The coffin's inlaid stone lid lowers into place, concealing it. Trout and the police arrive but cannot find Phibes. They recall that the "final curse" was darkness just before the basement goes dark.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The film began as a script by writers James Whiton and William Goldstein. Studio American International Pictures purchased the script, seeing it as a good vehicle for their biggest star, Vincent Price. Director Robert Fuest rewrote most of the script, altering Dr. Phibes (who in the original script abused his assistant Vulnavia) to be more sympathetic. He also opted to add in some deliberate humor, since critics often razed Price for over-the-top performances, and changed the death of Dr. Kitaj by rats to take place on a plane instead of on a boat. Fuest found the boat death implausible, questioning why Kitaj could not save himself by simply jumping into the water. Peter Cushing was originally cast as Dr. Vesalius, but bowed out due to the illness of his wife and was replaced by Joseph Cotten. The film was shot on the "20s era" sets at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire. The cemetery scenes were shot in Highgate Cemetery, London. The exterior of Dr. Phibes' mansion was Caldecote Towers at Immanuel College on Elstree Road.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: Howard Thompson of "The New York Times" wrote, "The plot, buried under all the iron tinsel, isn't bad. But the tone of steamroller camp flattens the fun." "Variety" was generally positive, praising the "well-structured" screenplay, "outstanding" makeup for Vincent Price, and "excellent work" on the set designs. Gene Siskel of the "Chicago Tribune" gave the film three-and-a-half stars, calling it a "stylish, clever, shrieking winner", though he disliked "the lack of zip in the ending". David Pirie of "The Monthly Film Bulletin" was negative, faulting director Robert Fuest's "flat, unimaginative visual style" and a script "contriving to be coy and tongue-in-cheek without ever being witty".


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: In 2002 Critic Christopher Null called the film "Vincent Price at his campy best ... A crazy script and an awesome score make this a true classic."


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: In the early 2010s, "Time Out" conducted a poll with several authors, directors, actors, and critics who have worked within the horror genre to vote for their top horror films. "The Abominable Dr. Phibes" placed at number 83 on their top 100 list.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: At the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 40 reviews and an average rating of 6.97/10. The site's consensus reads: ""The Abominable Dr. Phibes" juggles horror and humor, but under the picture's campy façade, there's genuine pathos brought poignantly to life through Price's performance." The film was not highly regarded by American International Pictures' home office until it became a box office hit.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: MGM Home Entertainment released "The Abominable Dr. Phibes" on Region 1 DVD in 2001, followed by a tandem release with "Dr. Phibes Rises Again" in 2005. The film made its Blu-ray debut as part of Scream Factory's Vincent Price box set in fall 2013.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: A limited edition two-disc set, "The Complete Dr. Phibes", was released in Region B Blu-ray in 2014 by Arrow Films. Both films were later reissued separately by Arrow and as part of the nine-film/seven-disc Region B Blu-ray set "The Vincent Price Collection" on the Australian Shock label.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The TV broadcast version of the film excises some of the more grisly scenes, such as a close-up of the nurse's locust-eaten corpse.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The music that Phibes plays on the organ at the beginning of the film is "War March of the Priests" from Felix Mendelssohn's incidental music to Racine's play "Athalie".


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: The film's incidental score was composed by Basil Kirchin and includes 1920s-era source music, most notably "Charmaine" and "Darktown Strutters' Ball".


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: One of several music-related errors or anachronisms within the film's storyline is the song overlaid as a recorded performance by one of the ostensibly mechanized musicians of "Dr. Phibes' Clockwork Wizards." The pianist in this simulated animatronic band "sings" "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)". Although the film's plot is set in England in the 1920s, this particular song did not exist until 1943, when Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer wrote it as part of their film score for "The Sky's the Limit". Fred Astaire sang the jazz standard for the first time in that musical comedy. Likewise, the melody of the song "You Stepped Out of a Dream", written by Nacio Herb Brown (music) and Gus Kahn (lyrics) and first published in 1940, accompanies a scene depicting Dr. Phibes and Vulnavia dancing together in the ballroom of his mansion. Other musical anachronisms are Vulnavia's playing "Close Your Eyes" (1933) on the violin, or her placing in a car a music box that plays "Elmer's Tune" (1941).


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: A soundtrack LP was released concurrently with the film's appearance, which contained few selections from the score, but rather was composed mostly of character vocalizations by Paul Frees. A proper soundtrack was released on CD in 2004 by Perseverance Records, but it is now out of print.


title: The Abominable Dr. Phibes

text: A sequel, "Dr. Phibes Rises Again", was released in 1972. It was also directed by Robert Fuest and also stars Price as Phibes. Several other sequels were proposed, including "The Bride of Dr. Phibes", but none were ever produced.


title: General Foods

text: General Foods Corporation was a company whose direct predecessor was established in the United States by Charles William Post as the Postum Cereal Company in 1895.


title: General Foods

text: The company changed its name to "General Foods" in 1929, after several corporate acquisitions, by Marjorie Post after she inherited the established cereal business from her father C. W. Post. In November 1985, General Foods was acquired by Philip Morris Companies (now Altria Group, Inc.) for $5.6 billion, the largest non-oil acquisition to that time. In December 1988, Philip Morris acquired Kraft Foods Inc., and, in 1990, combined the two food companies as Kraft Foods. "General Foods" was dropped from the corporate name in 1995; a line of caffeinated hot beverage mixes continued to carry the General Foods International name until 2010.


title: General Foods

text: General Foods background can be traced to the Post Cereal Company, founded by C. W. Post in 1895 in Battle Creek, Michigan. Post was a patient at the Battle Creek Sanitarium (run by John Harvey Kellogg, brother of Kellogg Company founder Will Keith Kellogg), and was inspired by the diet there to start his food company (and become a rival to the Kellogg brothers, who sold their own breakfast cereals). Post invested $78 in his initial equipment and supplies and set up manufacturing in a barn on what was known as the 'Old Beardsley Farm'. His first product was Postum, a "cereal beverage" alternative to coffee made from wheat and molasses. The first cereal, Grape-Nuts, was developed in 1897 followed by Elijah's Manna in 1904 which was renamed Post Toasties in 1908.


title: General Foods

text: In 1907 "Collier's Weekly" published an article questioning the claim made in advertisements for Grape Nuts that it could cure appendicitis. C. W. Post responded with advertisements questioning the mental capacity of the article's author, and "Collier's Weekly" sued for libel. The case was heard in 1910, and Post was fined $50,000. The decision was overturned on appeal, but advertisements for Postum products stopped making such claims.


title: General Foods

text: C.W. Post died in 1914, and his daughter Marjorie Merriweather Post took over the company. The Postum Cereals company, which went on with some acquisitions such as Jell-O (gelatin dessert) in 1925, Walter Baker & Company (chocolate) in 1927, Maxwell House (coffee) in 1928, and other food brands.


title: General Foods

text: By far the most important acquisition of 1929 was of the frozen-food company owned by Clarence Birdseye, called "General Seafood Corporation". Birdseye (December 9, 1886 - October 7, 1956) was one of the most important entrepreneurs in the history of the food industry. Born in New York City, he became interested in the frozen preservation of food during the course of working as a fur trader in Labrador between 1912 and 1916. By 1923, he had developed a commercially viable process for quick-freezing foods using a belt mechanism, which he patented. In 1924, with backing from three investors, he formed the "General Seafoods Company", in Gloucester, Massachusetts, to produce frozen haddock fillets packed in plain cardboard boxes.


title: General Foods

text: The founder's daughter, Marjorie Merriweather Post, was first to become excited about the prospects for the frozen foods business. In 1926, she had put into port at Gloucester on her yacht, "Sea Cloud", and was served a luncheon meal which, she learned to her amazement, had been frozen six months before. Despite her enthusiasm, it took Post three years to convince Postum's management to acquire the company. Postum paid $10.75 million for a 51% interest and its partner, Goldman Sachs, paid $12.5 million for the other 49%. Following this acquisition, Postum, Inc changed its name to General Foods Corporation. Goldman sold its share back to General Foods in 1932, apparently at a slight loss.


title: General Foods

text: Shortly after the acquisition, General Foods began test-marketing an expanded line of frozen foods, but the company quickly realized that a packaging process alone would not be sufficient to market frozen products in stores. To be sold, the packages had to be kept frozen while on display, so Birdseye engineers began development of a freezer cabinet designed specifically to hold frozen foods. The cabinet, which first appeared in 1934, required a great deal of space and electricity, which were not readily available in most grocery stores of the period. For those stores which could accommodate them, the payback was immediate. Housewives quickly realized that keeping packages of frozen food in the icebox could mean fresher meals and fewer trips to the market.


title: General Foods

text: The company published a cook book in 1932, the "General Foods Cook Book", dedicated "To the American homemaker". Five editions were published between 1932 and 1937. The book includes photographs (among which is "General Foods offers over twenty famous products for your well-stocked pantry shelf") and a subject index.


title: General Foods

text: General Foods was acquired by Altria Group in 1985. In 1989, Altria merged General Foods with Kraft Foods Inc., which it had acquired in 1987, to form the "Kraft General Foods" division. The cereal brands of Nabisco were acquired in 1993. In 1995, Kraft General Foods was reorganized and renamed "Kraft Foods". On November 15, 2007, Kraft announced it would spin off Post Cereals and merge that business with Ralcorp Holdings. That merger was completed August 4, 2008, at which time the official name of the company became Post Foods, LLC.


title: Janette Scott

text: Scott was born on 14 December 1938 in Morecambe, Lancashire, England. She is the daughter of actors Jimmy Scott and Thora Hird and began her acting career as a child actress known as Janette Scott. Scott was briefly (along with Jennifer Gay) one of the so-called "Children's Announcers" providing continuity links for the BBC's children's TV programmes from the Lime Grove Studios in the early 1950s.


title: Janette Scott

text: She became a popular leading lady; one of her better known roles as April Smith in the film "School for Scoundrels" (1960), based on the "one-upmanship" books by Stephen Potter, in which Ian Carmichael and Terry-Thomas competed for her attention. Some scenes for "School for Scoundrels" were shot at a private members club before its current incarnation as a hotel. The hotel hosted a screening in 2016 with Janette Scott attending and answering questions about filming "School for Scoundrels".


title: Janette Scott

text: Scott's highest profile as a leading lady in British films was from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, having over a dozen leading roles during this period. She was the female lead opposite some major stars of the time, including Terry-Thomas, Ian Carmichael, Ronald Lewis, Ian Hendry and George Chakiris. She proved adept in a wide variety of genres, including comedy, romantic drama, sci-fi thriller, and period adventure. She gave up her career upon marrying second husband Mel Tormé.


title: Janette Scott

text: She is best known to American audiences for her role as the parson's wife in the film "The Devil's Disciple" (1959), starring Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas and Laurence Olivier.


title: Janette Scott

text: She is referenced by name in the song "Science Fiction/Double Feature", the opening number from "The Rocky Horror Show" and its film version "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" (performed over the opening credits), for her participation in the 1962 film "The Day of the Triffids".


title: Silmarils

text: The Silmarils (Quenya in-universe "pl". "Silmarilli", "radiance of pure light") are three fictional brilliant jewels in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. They were made by the elf Fëanor, capturing the unmarred light of the Two Trees of Valinor. The Silmarils play a central role in Tolkien's book "The Silmarillion", which tells of the creation of Eä (the universe) and the beginning of Elves, Dwarves and Men.


title: Silmarils

text: Tolkien, a philologist, derived the idea of Silmarils, jewels that actually contained light, from the Old English word "Siġelwara"; he concluded that "Siġel" meant both "sun" and "jewel". Scholars have described the Silmarils as embodying elvish pride in their own creation, or a Biblical desire for knowledge of good and evil as in the Genesis story of Garden of Eden. Verlyn Flieger analyses "The Silmarillion" as story of splintering of the created light, which in her view Tolkien equates with God. The light is embodied first in two great lamps atop tall pillars to light Middle-earth. When these are destroyed, the light is held in the Two Trees of Valinor, and Fëanor crafts the Silmarils using their light. When the trees are killed, the last available splinters of the created light in Middle-earth are the Silmarils. When the Silmarils are scattered, to Earth, Sea, and Sky, the skyborne one becomes Eärendil's Star. The Elf-lady Galadriel collects light from the star and captures a little of it in the Phial of Galadriel, which enables the Hobbit protagonists of "The Lord of the Rings" to fulfil their quest.


title: Silmarils

text: Tolkien describes the history of the Silmarils in his book "The Silmarillion", published after but in fiction long preceding the events of "The Lord of the Rings". The Silmarils—"the most renowned of all the works of the Elves"—were created by Fëanor, a prince of the most skilful clan of Elves, the Noldor, from the light of the Two Trees of Valinor.


title: Silmarils

text: The Silmarils were hallowed by Varda, who kindled the first stars, so that they would burn the hands of any evil creature or mortal who touched them without just cause.


title: Silmarils

text: Together with the evil spider Ungoliant, the rebellious Vala Melkor destroyed the Two Trees of Valinor. Later, at the healing effort of the Valar, one of the trees bore a silver flower, and the other bore a golden fruit before their death. They were sent to the sky, and became the Sun and the Moon, to illuminate Middle-earth against Melkor. But neither sphere radiated the original light of the trees, free of Ungoliant's poison. The Silmarils then contained all the remaining unmarred light of the Two Trees. Therefore, the Valar entreated Fëanor to give them up so they could restore the Trees, but he refused. Then news came that Melkor had killed Fëanor's father Finwë, the High King of the Noldor, and stolen the Silmarils. After this deed, Melkor fled from Valinor to his fortress Angband in the north of Middle-earth. Thereafter he wore the Silmarils in his Iron Crown.


title: Silmarils

text: Fëanor was furious at Melkor, whom he named "Morgoth", "Dark Enemy of the World", and at the Valar's desire to take the gems for their own purposes. Together with his sons he swore the Oath of Fëanor, which bound them to fight anyone who withheld the Silmarils from them. This terrible oath resulted in much future trouble including mass murder and the war of Elf against Elf. Fëanor led many of the Noldor back to Middle-earth. His flight, which occurred during the First Age of Middle-earth, led to unending grief for the Elves and eventually for the Men of Middle-earth. Five major battles were fought in Beleriand, but ultimately the Noldor and all the people who took the oath failed in their attempt to regain the Silmarils from Morgoth.


title: Silmarils

text: One of the Silmarils was recovered by Beren and Lúthien through great peril and loss, when Lúthien sent Morgoth to sleep with her singing and Beren cut it from his crown. The werewolf Carcharoth attacked them as they left Angband and swallowed Beren's hand containing the Silmaril; this drove Carcharoth mad. He was later killed by Huan the Hound, who died from his wounds, and Mablung cut the Silmaril out. It was later taken to the Valar in the West by Eärendil, son of Tuor and Idril and husband of Elwing: heir of Beren and Lúthien, as a token of repentance. The Valar then set this Silmaril as a star in the sky. The other two gems remained in Morgoth's hands, and were taken from him by a servant of Manwë at the end of the War of Wrath. However, soon afterwards, they were stolen by Fëanor's two remaining sons, Maedhros and Maglor, as they tried to fulfil the oath they had sworn so many years before. But the jewels burned their hands, in denial of their rights of possession, as they had burned Morgoth's hands before. In agony, Maedhros threw himself and his Silmaril into a fiery pit, and Maglor threw his Silmaril into the sea. Thus the Silmarils remain in the ocean, the earth, and the sky—their light present but inaccessible to those in Middle-earth.


title: Silmarils

text: According to a prophecy of Mandos, following Melkor's final return and defeat in the Dagor Dagorath (Battle of Battles), the world will be changed and the Silmarils will be recovered by the Valar. Then Fëanor will be released from the Halls of Mandos and give Yavanna the Silmarils and she will break them and with their light she will revive the Two Trees, the Pelóri Mountains will be flattened and the light of the Two Trees will fill the world in eternal bliss.


title: Silmarils

text: The idea of the Silmaril is connected to Tolkien's philological exploration of the Old English word "Siġelwara", which was used in the Old English "Codex Junius" to mean "Aethiopian". Tolkien wondered why the Anglo-Saxons should have had a word with this meaning, and conjectured that it had once meant something else, which he explored in his essay "Sigelwara Land". He stated that "Siġel" meant "both "sun" and "jewel"", the former as it was the name of the Sun rune *sowilō (ᛋ), the latter from Latin "sigillum", a seal. He decided that "Hearwa" was related to Old English "heorð", "hearth", and ultimately to Latin "carbō", "soot". He suggested this implied a class of demons "with red-hot eyes that emitted sparks and faces black as soot". The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey states that this contributed to the sun-jewel Silmarils, "helped to naturalise the Balrog" (a demon of fire), while the Aethiopians suggested to Tolkien the Haradrim, a dark southern race of men.


title: Silmarils

text: Shippey comments that the Silmarils relate to the book's theme in a particular way: the sin of the elves is not human pride, as in the Biblical fall, but their "desire to make things which will forever reflect or incarnate their own personality". This elvish form of pride leads Fëanor to forge the Silmarils, and, Shippey suggests, led Tolkien to write his fictions: "Tolkien could not help seeing a part of himself in Fëanor and Saruman, sharing their perhaps licit, perhaps illicit desire to 'sub-create'."


title: Silmarils

text: The critic Jane Chance views the Silmarils as "created things misused by their creators", like indeed the One Ring in "The Lord of the Rings"; and like it, they give their name to their book and help "to unify the entire mythology". She sees the theme as straightforwardly Biblical, the Silmarils symbolising "the same desire for knowledge of good and evil witnessed in the Garden of Eden."


title: Silmarils

text: The scholar of mythology and medieval literature Verlyn Flieger explains in her book "Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World" that Tolkien equates light with God and the ability to create. In her view, the whole of "The Silmarillion" can be seen as a working-out of the theme of Man splintering the original white light of creation, resulting in many conflicts.


title: Silmarils

text: The light begins in "The Silmarillion" as a unity, and is divided into more and more fragments as the myth progresses. Middle-earth is peopled by the angelic Valar and lit by two great lamps; when these are destroyed by the fallen Vala Melkor, the world is fragmented, and the Valar retreat to Valinor, which is lit by The Two Trees. When these too are destroyed, their last fragment of light is made into the Silmarils, and a sapling too is rescued, leading to the White Tree of Numenor, the living symbol of the Kingdom of Gondor. Wars are fought over the Silmarils, and they are lost to the Earth, the Sea, and the Sky, the last of these, carried by Eärendil the Mariner, becoming the Morning Star. Some of the star's light is captured in Galadriel's Mirror, the magic fountain that allows her to see past, present, and future; and some of that light is, finally, trapped in the Phial of Galadriel, her parting gift to Frodo, protagonist in "The Lord of the Rings", to counterbalance Sauron's evil and powerful Ring that he also carries. At each stage, the fragmentation increases and the power decreases, echoing Tolkien's theme of decline and fall in Middle-earth.


title: Silmarils

text: In 1997, the artist and illustrator Ted Nasmith made a painting entitled "Maglor Casts a Silmaril into the Sea". It was used on the front cover of HarperCollins's illustrated edition of "The Silmarillion" in 1999.


title: Pathinettam Padi

text: Pathinettam Padi () is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language coming of age drama film, written and directed by Shankar Ramakrishnan and produced by Shaji Nadesan under the banner of August Cinema.The film features Chandunadh,Harisankar SG (main role) Ahaana Krishna, Akshay Radhakrishnan, Ashwin Gopinath, Wafa Khatheeja Rahman and Arsha Baiju in the lead and Mammootty, Prithviraj Sukumaran, Arya, and Unni Mukundan in cameo roles. The film gained positive response.


title: Pathinettam Padi

text: Students of two schools in Trivandrum, Kerala, India that cater to different economical classes are in a tussle. While one set struggles for survival, the other is busy finding joy in drugs. The two groups keep finding reasons to mess with each other. Will they find the purpose of their lives amid the chaos?


title: Pathinettam Padi

text: Manoj Kumar R of "The Indian Express" gave 3.5 out of 5 and wrote - The film is crammed with characters and subplots that leave you overwhelmed. Is this the story about Ashwin Vasudev who overcame his flaws to build a school that challenges the conventional idea of education? Or is it the story of Ayyappan, who remembers his first love after taking a bullet near his chest in a gun battle at the border? Or it must be about students who abuse drugs? No wait, it is about Mammootty's John Abraham Palakkal taking on the flawed educational system? Actually, it’s about everything and everyone. It is just too much. The background score of the film is also so confusing as it is hard to tell the heroes from the villains. Even the bad guys get to deliver lengthy punchlines, walk in slow motion, and strike action poses.


title: Pathinettam Padi

text: S R Praveen of "The Hindu" called the movie an unrealistic depiction of student rivalry in schools and wrote - At the core of the film is the long-standing rivalry between student gangs belonging to two schools in Trivandrum city. It is the kind of rivalry which seems quite unreal for school students, even in a "masala" entertainer, mainly due to the level of violence involved. Notwithstanding the fact that some of these stylized stunts are aesthetically shot or well-choreographed, these scenes don’t belong in a movie about school students. Similarly, the five-star hangouts of the international school students, complete with an 'item song' also looks far removed from reality. The characters of the girls are relegated to the background, with hardly any of them getting a line or two to utter. Too many characters make their appearance, but only a couple of them are written with any depth to them. The whole bunch of newcomers do show promise, lighting up the screen with their infectious energy, even as the script, written by director Shanker Ramakrishnan himself, sags.


title: Barbara Hoyt

text: Barbara Hoyt (December 27, 1951 – December 3, 2017) was a member of the "Manson Family", led by Charles Manson.


title: Barbara Hoyt

text: Hoyt was a witness in District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi's prosecution of Manson and his followers for the Tate-LaBianca murders, one of the highest-profile murder trials in history.


title: Barbara Hoyt

text: In 1971, five Manson followers — Catherine Share, Lynette Fromme, Dennis Rice, Steve Grogan and Ruth Ann Moorehouse — were charged with attempted murder after they plotted to murder Hoyt to prevent her testifying for the prosecution during the Tate/LaBianca murder trial.


title: Barbara Hoyt

text: Moorehouse was to lure Hoyt to Honolulu, Hawaii, so that she would be unable to testify. Once in Hawaii, if Hoyt could not be convinced not to testify, Moorehouse was to kill her. On September 9, 1970, as Moorehouse was preparing to board her flight back to California, it was alleged that Moorehouse bought Hoyt a hamburger and laced it with a multi-dose of LSD, then left her and flew back to California. Hoyt survived the attempt on her life.


title: Barbara Hoyt

text: Share and the others were initially charged with attempted murder; the charge was later reduced to conspiracy to dissuade a witness from testifying.


title: Barbara Hoyt

text: Share, Fromme, Rice, and Grogan served 90-day sentences in the Los Angeles County Jail. Moorehouse never served her sentence, as she failed to appear at the sentencing hearing.


title: Plasma protein binding

text: Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood. A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds. The less bound a drug is, the more efficiently it can traverse or diffuse through cell membranes. Common blood proteins that drugs bind to are human serum albumin, lipoprotein, glycoprotein, and α, β‚ and γ globulins.


title: Plasma protein binding

text: A drug in blood exists in two forms: bound and unbound. Depending on a specific drug's affinity for plasma proteins, a proportion of the drug may become bound to the proteins, with the remainder being unbound. If the protein binding is reversible, then a chemical equilibrium will exist between the bound and unbound states, such that:


title: Plasma protein binding

text: Notably, it is the unbound fraction which exhibits pharmacologic effects. It is also the fraction that may be metabolized and/or excreted. For example, the "fraction bound" of the anticoagulant warfarin is 97%. This means that out of the amount of warfarin in the blood, 97% is bound to plasma proteins. The remaining 3% (the fraction unbound) is the fraction that is actually active and may be excreted.


title: Plasma protein binding

text: Protein binding can influence the drug's biological half-life. The bound portion may act as a reservoir or depot from which the drug is slowly released as the unbound form. Since the unbound form is being metabolized and/or excreted from the body, the bound fraction will be released in order to maintain equilibrium.