title: Mario Monti

text: Known for his reserved character, Monti acknowledges not being especially sociable. He said that his youth was given over to hard study; spare-time activities included cycling and keeping up with world affairs by tuning into foreign short-wave radio stations.


title: She's Gotta Have It (TV series)

text: She's Gotta Have It is an American comedy-drama television series created by Spike Lee. It is based on his 1986 film of the same name. Ten 30-minute episodes were ordered by Netflix, all of which were directed by Lee. The show premiered on November 23, 2017. On January 1, 2018, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on May 24, 2019. On July 17, 2019, Netflix canceled the series after two seasons.


title: She's Gotta Have It (TV series)

text: The song "Black Girl Magic" by Chrisette Michele was going to be played in the show, however Lee removed it after she performed at the inauguration of Donald Trump.


title: She's Gotta Have It (TV series)

text: "She's Gotta Have It" has received positive reviews from critics. , the show holds a score of 77 out of 100 on the review aggregator Metacritic, based on 26 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an 83% "Certified Fresh" rating based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's consensus was: "Fun, fascinating and feminist, Spike Lee's classic is born again for a new generation."


title: She's Gotta Have It (TV series)

text: The second season has a 73% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 4.4/10. The site's consensus was: "She's Gotta Have It" wades through some narrative wilderness after shifting away from its founding romantic conceit, but Spike Lee's vibrant eye and DeWanda Wise's darling performance keep proceedings engaging."


title: Andre Russell

text: Andre Dwayne Russell (born 29 April 1988) is a Jamaican professional cricketer who plays internationally for the West Indies and for Jamaica in West Indian domestic cricket as an all-rounder. He has played in more than 300 Twenty20 (T20) matches for a range of sides in leagues throughout the world. Russell scored a century in a record 40 balls in the 2018 Caribbean Premier League and took a hat-trick in the same match, becoming the second player to take a hat-trick and score a century in the same T20 match.


title: Andre Russell

text: In 2010, Russell played at Barnards Green Cricket Club in Worcestershire, England, helping them secure promotion from Worcestershire Cricket League into Birmingham League cricket.


title: Andre Russell

text: On 21 September 2013, in a match against India A, Russell became the first bowler in T20 cricket to take four wickets in successive deliveries.


title: Andre Russell

text: A fast bowling all-rounder, Russell made his Test cricket debut against Sri Lanka in November 2010. This is the only Test match of his career.


title: Andre Russell

text: He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in the 2011 Cricket World Cup match against Ireland at Mohali. After a poor home series against Pakistan, he made his mark against in the ODI series against India. After being dropped from the first two ODIs, he scored 92 not out off 64 balls in the 3rd ODI after coming to the crease at 96/7. In the 5th ODI at Sabina Park in Kingston, he was named the Player of the Match as he took 4/35 (from 8.3 overs) to dismiss India for 251 in 47.1 overs.


title: Andre Russell

text: He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2016 T20 World Cup by the ICC, Cricinfo and Cricbuzz.


title: Andre Russell

text: In April 2019, he was named in the West Indies' squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. In the West Indies match against Australia, Russell became the quickest batsman, in terms of balls faced, to score 1,000 runs in ODIs, facing only 767 deliveries. However, on 24 June 2019, Russell was ruled out of the rest of the tournament, due to a knee injury, and was replaced by Sunil Ambris.


title: Andre Russell

text: On 9 July 2021, during the first T20I against Australia, Russell scored his maiden T20I half-century. He scored 51 off 28 balls and helped West Indies post 145 before being dismissed by Josh Hazlewood.


title: Andre Russell

text: Russell has played in over 300 T20 matches and appeared for teams in a number of franchise leagues. He was also named in the T20 XI of the years 2016 and 2018 by Cricinfo.


title: Andre Russell

text: During the 2012 Indian Premier League Players Auction, he was bought by the Delhi Daredevils for a sum of $450,000. Ahead of the 2014 season he was bought by Kolkata Knight Riders and has been seen as a key batsman for the team in the later overs of matches. For his performances in 2015, he was named in the Cricinfo IPL XI for the season. He was on course to win the IPL Super Striker award in 2018, awarded for having the highest strike rate in the tournament, before being pipped by his teammate Sunil Narine. He eventually won it next year in the 2019 IPL, where he had a record IPL season strike rate of over 205, and was also announced as the Player of the Tournament. In an otherwise unsuccessful season, he emerged as both the highest run scorer and the highest wicket taker for his team, while also being the third-highest run-scorer in the tournament. He hit 52 sixes in the tournament; only Chris Gayle has hit more sixes in any single season of the IPL. For his performances in the 2019 IPL season, he was named in the Cricinfo IPL XI.


title: Andre Russell

text: On 13 April 2021, he took figures of 5/15 off just two overs in a match against Mumbai Indians during the 2021 Indian Premier League. With the bat, he scored 9 runs off 15 balls as Kolkata lost the game by 10 runs.


title: Andre Russell

text: On 16 August 2016 Russell scored the fastest Caribbean Premier League century, completing his 100 in 42 balls. He broke his own CPL record in 2018 with a century in 40 balls.


title: Andre Russell

text: In May 2018, he was named as one of the ten marquee players for the first edition of the Global T20 Canada cricket tournament. He was selected to play for the Vancouver Knights.


title: Andre Russell

text: In September 2018, he was named as the Icon Player for Nangarhar's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament. The following month, he was named in the squad for the Dhaka Dynamites in the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League. In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Vancouver Knights franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament.


title: Andre Russell

text: In July 2020, he was named in the Jamaica Tallawahs squad for the 2020 Caribbean Premier League. In October 2020, he was drafted by the Colombo Kings for the inaugural edition of the Lanka Premier League. In April 2021, he was signed by Quetta Gladiators to play in the rescheduled matches in the 2021 Pakistan Super League.


title: Andre Russell

text: Russell was picked by Southern Brave for The Hundred Cricket 2021 edition. In April 2022, he was bought by the Manchester Originals for the 2022 season of The Hundred.


title: Andre Russell

text: According to the Jamaica Anti-Doping Commission (JADCO), in 2016 Russell committed an "anti-doping whereabouts" violation after missing three doping tests in a 12-month period. On 31 January 2017, Russell was banned from cricket for one year.


title: Andre Russell

text: In 2014, Russell began a second career as a recording artist under the name 'Dre Russ', with two singles released in November, one a collaboration with Beenie Man.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: Trans-Europe Express () is the sixth studio album by German band Kraftwerk. Recorded in 1976 in Düsseldorf, Germany, the album was released in March 1977 on Kling Klang Records. It saw the group refine their melodic electronic style, with a focus on sequenced rhythms, minimalism, and occasionally manipulated vocals. The themes include celebrations of the titular European railway service and Europe as a whole, and meditations on the disparities between reality and appearance.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: "Trans-Europe Express" charted at 119 on the American charts and was ranked number 30 in "The Village Voice"s 1977 Pazz & Jop critics' poll. Two singles were released: "Trans-Europe Express" and "Showroom Dummies". The album has been re-released in several formats and continues to receive acclaim. In 2014, the "Los Angeles Times" called it "the most important pop album of the last 40 years".


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: After the release and tour for the album "Radio-Activity", Kraftwerk continued to move further away from their earlier krautrock style of improvised instrumental music, refining their work more into the format of melodic electronic songs. During the tour for "Radio-Activity", the band began to make performance rules such as not to be drunk on stage or at parties. Karl Bartos wrote about these rules, stating that "it's not easy to turn knobs on a synthesizer if you are drunk or full of drugs. ... We always tried to keep very aware of what we were doing while acting in public." During this tour, early melodies that would later evolve into the song "Showroom Dummies" were being performed.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: In mid-1976, Kraftwerk began to work on the album which was then called "Europe Endless". Paul Alessandrini suggested that Kraftwerk write a song about the Trans Europ Express to reflect their electronic music style. Hütter and Schneider met with musicians David Bowie and Iggy Pop prior to the recording, which influenced song lyrics. Maxime Schmitt encouraged the group to record a French language version of the song "Showroom Dummies", which led the group to later record several songs in French. The album was recorded at Kling Klang Studio in Düsseldorf. Artistic control over the songs was strictly in the hands of members Ralf Hütter and Florian Schneider, with Bartos and Wolfgang Flür contributing sequenced electronic percussion. Kraftwerk went to railway bridges to listen to the sounds the train would actually produce. The group found the sound the train made was not danceable and changed it slightly.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: An important piece of new equipment used on the album was the Synthanorma Sequenzer, a customized 32-step 16-channel analog sequencer made for the band by Matten & Wiechers. This allowed the construction of more elaborate sequenced synthesizer lines, which are featured prominently in the tracks "Franz Schubert" and "Endless Endless", and liberated the player from the chore of playing repetitive keyboard patterns.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: Whereas "Radio-Activity" had featured a mixture of German and English lyrics throughout the album, "Trans-Europe Express" went further and was mixed as two entirely separate versions, one sung in English, the other in German. At the recommendation of Maxime Schmitt, a French version of the song "Showroom Dummies", titled "Les Mannequins", was also recorded. "Les Mannequins" was the group's first song in French and would influence decisions to record songs in French on later albums. After recording the album in Düsseldorf, Hütter and Schneider visited Los Angeles to mix the tracks at the Record Plant Studio. Elements of the mixing sessions that were done in Los Angeles were dropped from the album, including the use of more upfront vocals in order to do more mixing in Düsseldorf and Hamburg later.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: The artwork for the album cover of "Trans-Europe Express" was originally going to be a monochrome picture of the group reflected in a series of mirrors. This idea was dropped for a photo by New York-based celebrity photographer Maurice Seymour, with the group dressed in suits to resemble mannequins. J. Stara's image of the group was taken in Paris and is a highly retouched photo-montage of Kraftwerk from their shoulders up again posed as mannequins which are shown on the cover of the English version of the album. On the inside sleeve, a color collage of the group sitting at a small cafe table designed by Emil Schult was used. The photo for this scene was from the session by Maurice Seymour, taken on the group's American tour. Other photos were taken by Schult that show the group laughing and smiling. These were not used for the album's release.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: Wolfgang Flür has stated Kraftwerk were influenced by the music of the Weimar Germany era: "we were children who were born straight after World War Two... we had no musical or pop culture of our own... there was the war, and before the war we had only the German folk music. In the 1920s or 1930s melodies were developed and these became culture that we worked from". Karl Bartos also spoke of post-war influence as the group thought that they "had this development in the 1920s which was very, very strong and was audio visual. We had the Bauhaus school before the war and then after the war we had tremendous people like Karlheinz Stockhausen and the development of the classical and the electronic classical. This was very strong and it all happened very close to Düsseldorf in Cologne and all the great composers at that time came there." Paul Alessandrini is credited for helping contribute to the album's concept. Alessandrini told Hütter and Schneider that "with the kind of music you do, which is kind of like an electronic blues, railway stations and trains are very important in your universe, you should do a song about the Trans Europe Express". Kraftwerk believed critics in the United Kingdom and the United States associated them with Nazi Germany, with tracks such as "Autobahn" inextricably linked with the Nazis who built the high-speed roads in the 1930s and 1940s. At the same time, the band were keen to move away from their German heritage towards a new sense of European identity and felt that the Trans-Europe Express could be used to symbolize this. AllMusic referred to "Trans-Europe Express" as a concept album with two different themes. The first being the disparities between reality and image, represented by the songs "Hall of Mirrors" and "Showroom Dummies", and the others about the glorification of Europe. "Slant Magazine" described the album as "a sonic poem to Europe".


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: The musical style of "Trans-Europe Express" was described by AllMusic as melodic themes which are "repeated often and occasionally interwoven over deliberate, chugging beats, sometimes with manipulated vocals" and "minimalism, mechanized rhythms, and crafted, catchy melodies". The music has been categorized as electronic pop, synth-pop, and experimental pop. Hütter has commented on the minimalist nature of the album, stating that "If we can convey an idea with one or two notes, it is better than to play a hundred or so notes". The first side of "Trans-Europe Express" has three songs. The song "Hall of Mirrors" has been described as containing deadpan vocals with lyrics that speculate how stars look at themselves in a looking glass. Hütter and Schneider have described the song as autobiographical. The third track "Showroom Dummies" was described by AllMusic as "bouncily melodic in a way that most of "Trans-Europe Express" isn't" and with lyrics which are "slightly paranoid". The idea for the song came from Flür and Bartos being compared to showroom dummies in a British concert review. Some versions of the song contain a spoken introduction starting with a count-in of "eins zwei drei vier" as a parody of the band Ramones who started some songs with a quick count-in of "one two three four". The second side of "Trans-Europe Express" is a suite with "Trans-Europe Express" continuing through to "Metal on Metal" and "Franz Schubert" before closing with a brief reiteration of the main theme from "Europe Endless". AllMusic described the musical elements of the suite as having a haunting theme with "deadpan chanting of the title phrase" which is "slowly layered over that rhythmic base in much the same way that the earlier "Autobahn" was constructed". The song's lyrics reference the album "Station to Station" and meeting with musicians Iggy Pop and David Bowie. Hütter and Schneider had previously met up with Bowie in Germany and were flattered by the attention they received from him. Ralf Hütter was interested in Bowie's work as he had been working with Iggy Pop, who was the former lead singer of The Stooges; one of Hütter's favorite groups.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: "Trans-Europe Express" was originally released in March 1977. With the help of Günther Fröhling, Kraftwerk made a promotional music video for the song "Trans-Europe Express". The video features the group wearing long coats on a train trip from Düsseldorf to nearby Duisburg. Photo stills from this video were later used on the single sleeve for "Showroom Dummies". Fröhling would work with Kraftwerk again on their album "The Man-Machine" doing the photography for the album cover. To promote the album to the press in France, EMI Records hired a train with old-fashioned carriages from the 1930s to travel from Paris to Rheims while the songs from the album were played over the train's announcement system for the critics.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: In October 2009, a remastered edition of the album was released by EMI in Germany, Mute Records in the European Union and Astralwerks in the United States. This re-release was available on compact disc, digital download, and vinyl and features a different album cover from previous versions of the album. This new version features a black background with white Trans Europ Express train in the center. The track listing on the 2009 re-release amends the titles of the songs to match the original German release. This change has "Metal on Metal" being credited for two minutes of the music with the remainder being a track titled "Abzug" (English: "Departure").


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: Initial reviews for "Trans-Europe Express" were positive. Music critic Robert Christgau, in a review for "The Village Voice", wrote that the album's "textural effects sound like parodies by some cosmic schoolboy of every lush synthesizer surge that's ever stuck in your gullet—yet also work the way those surges are supposed to work". "Trans-Europe Express" placed at number 30 in "The Village Voice"'s 1977 Pazz & Jop critics' poll.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: Modern reception has been very favorable. "Trans-Europe Express" has the highest possible ratings from publications including AllMusic, "Drowned in Sound", "Mojo", "Rolling Stone" and "Slant Magazine". Steve Huey of AllMusic wrote that the album "is often cited as perhaps the archetypal (and most accessible) Kraftwerk album ... Overall, "Trans-Europe Express" offers the best blend of minimalism, mechanized rhythms, and crafted, catchy melodies in the group's catalog". "Q", in a 1995 review, wrote that the album "changed the face of American dance music" and was "one of the most compelling beats of this or any other era". In 2009, "Drowned in Sound"s Chris Power stated that ""Trans-Europe Express" is all at once antique, timeless, retro and contemporary. Its status as modern electronic music's birth certificate is well-earned, but its hallowed reputation should never be allowed to disguise its true value and power as a work of art. Nor should it obscure a longevity that, 32 years on, we might as well start calling by its real name: immortality".


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: "Trans-Europe Express" has also appeared on top album lists from a variety of sources. In 2001, TV network VH1 placed "Trans-Europe Express" at number 56 on their list of "100 Greatest Albums (of Rock & Roll) of All Time". In 2002, "Slant Magazine" placed the album at number one on their list of the greatest electronic albums of the 20th century. In 2003, "Rolling Stone" placed the album at number 253 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time", with the ranking dropping to number 256 in a 2012 revision and climbing to number 238 in the 2020 reboot of the list. Channel 4 placed the album at number 71 on their list of the 100 greatest albums. In 2004, the online music website "Pitchfork" listed "Trans-Europe Express" as 6th best album of the 1970s, stating that "the day will soon come, if it hasn't already, that "Trans-Europe Express" joins the ranks of "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" and "Exile on Main St." as a record that simply cannot be written about".


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: Sal Cinquemani of "Slant Magazine" described the album's influence as "unprecedented, reaching as wide as rock (Radiohead's "Kid A"), hip-hop (Afrika Bambaataa's classic 'Planet Rock', Jay Dee's recent 'Big Booty Express') and pop (Madonna's Drowned World Tour, which incorporated samples of 'Metal on Metal')".


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: In the late 1970s, the album influenced post-punk band Joy Division; bassist Peter Hook related: "We were introduced to Kraftwerk by [singer] Ian Curtis, who insisted we play "Trans Europe Express" before we went on stage every time. The tape was played at the venue over the PA system, to be heard by everyone. The first time was Pips [a Manchester club well known for its 'Bowie Room']. Ian got thrown out for kicking glass around the dance floor in time to the track. It took us ages of pleading to get him back in." Drummer Stephen Morris also confirmed that Joy Division "used to play "Trans-Europe Express" before we went on stage, to get us into the zone. It worked because it gets up a lot of momentum. "Trans-Europe Express" just seemed to express an optimism even if people see it as machine music". Morris also said: "It reminds me of "Cabaret", the film, with all of the 1920s singing. ... When you get that marriage between humans and machines, and you get it right, it's fantastic. I have to say it's my favourite Kraftwerk album." In the mid-1980s, Siouxsie and the Banshees' rendition of "The Hall of Mirrors", on their album "Through the Looking Glass", was one of the few cover versions that Ralf Hütter hailed in glowing terms as "extraordinary".


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: The information regarding accolades attributed to "Trans-Europe Express" is adapted from Acclaimed Music, except where otherwise noted.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: "Trans-Europe Express" charted higher in the United States than Kraftwerk's previous album "Radio-Activity" by peaking at number 117 on the "Billboard" Top LPs & Tapes chart.


title: Trans-Europe Express (album)

text: "Trans-Europe Express" and "Showroom Dummies" were released as singles from the album. "Trans-Europe Express" charted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1977 where it peaked at number 67. "Trans-Europe Express" began charting in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. The album entered the charts on 6 February 1982, staying in the charts for seven weeks and peaking at number 49. The re-released single for "Showroom Dummies" (a remix with additional drums) entered the charts on 20 February 1982, staying on the charts for five weeks and peaking at number 25.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Shaquil Akeem "Shaq" Barrett (born November 17, 1992) is an American football outside linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Nebraska-Omaha before transferring to Colorado State University, and was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2014. After five seasons with the Broncos, including winning Super Bowl 50, Barrett signed with the Buccaneers. His level of play increased, making the Pro Bowl and All-Pro teams in 2019 after leading the league in sacks, and in 2021 won Super Bowl LV.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett started playing college football at Nebraska-Omaha in 2010. After the school eliminated its football program after the 2010 season, he transferred to Colorado State. Since Barrett was transferring from a school that cut its program, he was eligible to play immediately instead of having to sit out a year. Barrett played three seasons (2011–13) for Colorado State University. He started 35-of-38 games for CSU and totaled 246 tackles (116 solos), 18 sacks, 32.5 tackles for a loss, three interceptions, six passes defended, seven forced fumbles, four fumble recoveries, and three blocked kicks. Barrett was named Mountain West Conference Defensive Player of the Year as a senior in 2013 after ranking fifth in the nation with 12 sacks and 20.5 tackles for a loss.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett went undrafted in the 2014 NFL Draft and received interest from the Denver Broncos and Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent. On May 10, 2014, the Denver Broncos signed Barrett to a three-year, $1.53 million contract that included a signing bonus of $3,500. Barrett stated that his decision to choose to sign with the Denver Broncos was due to their willingness to look past draft rankings.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Throughout training camp, Barrett competed for a roster spot as a backup linebacker against Steven Johnson, L. J. Fort, Jamar Chaney, Jerrell Harris, and Corey Nelson. On August 30, 2014, the Denver Broncos waived Barrett as part of their final roster cuts. He was subsequently signed to their practice squad after clearing waivers the following day.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: On October 14, 2014, the Broncos promoted Barrett to their active roster after an injury to starting linebacker Danny Trevathan. Barrett was signed to the 53-man roster for the Week 7 game against the San Francisco 49ers. He was once again signed to the 53-man roster for the AFC Divisional Playoff Game against the Indianapolis Colts, but did not play. Barrett did not appear in any games as a rookie in 2014.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett switched to jersey No. 56, but subsequently sold it to rookie linebacker and 2015 first round Shane Ray for $2,000 a few weeks later. He reverted back to his rookie No. 48. After finishing the 2015 NFL preseason with the most sacks of any player on the team, Barrett made the final 53-man roster. Head coach Gary Kubiak named Barrett the third string strongside linebacker to begin the regular season, behind Von Miller and Lerentee McCray.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett made his NFL debut in the season-opener against the Baltimore Ravens. He recorded a tackle and a special teams stop in the 19-13 victory. During a Week 6 26-23 overtime road victory over the Cleveland Browns, Barrett made his first NFL start after DeMarcus Ware suffered a back injury. He finished the game with nine tackles (six solo), 1.5 sacks, three tackles for loss, a pass defensed, a forced fumble, and a fumble recovery.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett finished his second professional season with 50 tackles, 5.5 sacks, four passes defensed, four forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, and nine special-teams tackles in 16 games and six starts. The Broncos finished atop the AFC West with a 12-4 record and earned a first-round bye in the playoffs. Barrett tallied two tackles and one special-teams stop in Denver's three postseason games. On February 7, 2016, Barrett played in Super Bowl 50, but left the game to be evaluated with a concussion. He returned to finish the game and the Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers by a score of 24–10.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: In 2016, Barrett played all 16 games and totaled 36 tackles (20 solo), 1.5 sacks, a forced fumble, and two passes defensed.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: In 2017, Barrett appeared in 16 games (nine starts), totaling 37 tackles (30 solo), four sacks, two forced fumbles, a fumble recovery, and a blocked punt.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: On March 12, 2018, the Broncos placed a second-round restricted free agent tender on Barrett. On April 23, 2018, he signed his exclusive rights tender. Barrett finished the season with 28 tackles, three sacks, and a pass defended in 13 games.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: During a Week 2 20-14 road victory over the Carolina Panthers, Barrett sacked Cam Newton thrice. With his strong performance, Barrett earned NFC Defensive Player of the Week honors. In the next game against the New York Giants, Barrett recorded a career-best four sacks and two forced fumbles, tying the franchise single-game sack record held by Simeon Rice and Marcus Jones, as well as becoming the first player in franchise history to record at least three sacks in back to back games. The Buccaneers narrowly lost 32–31. The following week, Barrett recorded his first NFL interception and a strip-sack on Jared Goff which was returned for a touchdown by teammate Ndamukong Suh in a 55–40 road victory over the Los Angeles Rams. As a result of his strong first month of play (nine sacks, an interception, three forced fumbles at the end of Week 4), Barrett was named the NFC Defensive Player of the Month for September.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: During a Week 15 38–17 road victory over the Detroit Lions, Barrett recorded five tackles and a sack, tying the Buccaneers franchise record for sacks in a single season held by Warren Sapp. On December 17, 2019, Barrett was selected to the 2020 Pro Bowl, the first of his career. In the regular-season finale against the Atlanta Falcons, he sacked Matt Ryan thrice in the 28-22 overtime loss, breaking the Buccaneers franchise record set by Warren Sapp for the most sacks in a single season with 19.5.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett finished the 2019 season setting new career highs with a league leading 19.5 sacks, 58 tackles, six forced fumbles, two pass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and starts.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: On March 16, 2020, the Buccaneers placed the franchise tag on Barrett. He signed the one-year tender on July 15, 2020, worth around $15.8 million.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: During a Week 3 28–10 road victory over his former team, the Denver Broncos, Barrett had six total tackles and two sacks which included his first career safety on quarterback Jeff Driskel. Barrett was named NFC Defensive Player of the Week for his performance. In Week 9 against the New Orleans Saints on "Sunday Night Football", Barrett recorded four tackles and a strip-sack on Drew Brees that was recovered by the Buccaneers during the 38–3 loss. Three weeks later against the Kansas City Chiefs, Barrett recorded a strip-sack on Patrick Mahomes that was recovered by the Buccaneers in the 27–24 loss. In Week 14 against the Minnesota Vikings, Barrett recorded two sacks on Kirk Cousins and four tackles as the Buccaneers won 26–14.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the Buccaneers on January 1, 2021, As a result, he missed the regular-season finale against the Atlanta Falcons and was activated on January 6.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett finished the 2020 season with 57 total tackles, eight sacks, three passes defended, and two forced fumbles in 15 games and starts. He recorded five total tackles and sacked Aaron Rodgers thrice during the NFC Championship Game as the Buccaneers defeated the Green Bay Packers 31–26 to advance to Super Bowl LV. Tampa Bay defeated the Chiefs by a score of 31–9 in the Super Bowl, giving Barrett his second Super Bowl ring. During the game, Barrett recorded a tackle and sacked Patrick Mahomes once.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: On March 17, 2021, Barrett signed a four-year contract extension, worth $72 million ($36 million guaranteed) with the Buccaneers.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: During the season-opening 31–29 victory over the Dallas Cowboys, Barrett recorded four tackles and sacked Dak Prescott once. In the next game against the Atlanta Falcons, Barrett recorded two tackles, a pass deflection, and an interception in the 48-25 victory. Two weeks later against the New England Patriots, Barrett recorded three tackles, a pass deflection, and a sack in the narrow 19-17 road victory. During a Week 5 45–17 victory over the Miami Dolphins, he recorded four tackles, 1.5 sacks, and a forced fumble. In the next game against the Philadelphia Eagles, Barrett recorded four tackles and a sack in a 28–22 road victory. The following week against the Chicago Bears, he recorded four tackles, a sack, a forced fumble, and a fumble recovery as the Buccaneers won by a score of 38-3. During a Week 12 38–31 road victory over the Indianapolis Colts, Barrett recorded eight tackles, two sacks, a forced fumble, and a fumble recovery. Two weeks later against the Buffalo Bills, he recorded three tackles and 1.5 sacks in the 33-27 overtime victory.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett finished the regular season with 51 tackles, 10 sacks, four pass deflections, three forced fumbles, and two fumble recoveries in 15 games and starts. The Buccaneers finished atop the NFC South with a 13-4 record and qualified for the playoffs. In the Wild Card Round of the 2021–22 NFL playoffs, Barrett recorded an interception and a pass deflection in the 31-15 victory. In the Divisional Round against the Los Angeles Rams, Barrett recorded three tackles in the narrow 30–27 loss.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: In Week 8, Barrett suffered a torn Achilles in the 27-22 loss against the Baltimore Ravens, ending his season prematurely.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett attended Boys Town (Neb.) High School, where he was an all-state defensive lineman. Barrett was named Athlete of the Year at Boys Town.


title: Shaquil Barrett

text: Barrett married his wife, Jordanna, on February 2, 2012. They have three children. Barrett is a Christian.


title: The Secret (TV series)

text: The Secret is a 2016 Northern Irish ITV mini-series based on "Let This Be Our Secret", Belfast journalist Deric Henderson's account of the double murder of Lesley Howell and Constable Trevor Buchanan, whose bodies were discovered in a fume-filled car in the garage of a property in Castlerock, County Londonderry, in Northern Ireland in May 1991.


title: The Secret (TV series)

text: The drama stars James Nesbitt as killer dentist Colin Howell, is written by BAFTA-winning writer Stuart Urban and is directed by Nick Murphy. The producer is Jonathan Curling, and the executive producers are Hat Trick Productions' Mark Redhead and Stuart Urban.


title: The Secret (TV series)

text: It was broadcast from 29 April to 20 May 2016 in four episodes. The production was criticised by Howell's daughter, for the portrayal of her mother, and for 'exploiting a tragedy'. The drama was BAFTA nominated as Best Drama Miniseries. It won the Royal Television Society award for Best Drama, Northern Ireland and was nominated at The Broadcast Awards as Best Drama.


title: The Secret (TV series)

text: In 1990, married dentist Colin meets married teacher Hazel, and they start having an affair. Colin assures her their love is a gift from God, and he wants them to act on it.


title: The Secret (TV series)

text: Lesley (Colin's wife) receives an inheritance from her father. Colin asphyxiates Lesley and Hazel's husband Trevor whilst they sleep. He then stages a suicide pact.


title: The Secret (TV series)

text: The coroner gives a verdict of suicide. Hazel and Colin continue their relationship, but Hazel feels guilty and can only have sex with Colin whilst heavily drugged. Eventually the relationship ends and they marry new partners. Colin's son Matthew dies. Colin concludes this is a punishment by God.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Santiago Ramón y Cajal (; 1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist specializing in neuroanatomy and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906. Ramón y Cajal was the first person of Spanish origin to win a scientific Nobel Prize. His original investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain made him a pioneer of modern neuroscience.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Hundreds of his drawings illustrating the arborizations ("tree growing") of brain cells are still in use, since the mid-20th century, for educational and training purposes.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born on the 1st of May 1852 in the town of Petilla de Aragón, Navarre, Spain. As a child he was transferred many times from one school to another because of behavior that was declared poor, rebellious, and showing an anti-authoritarian attitude. An extreme example of his precociousness and rebelliousness at the age of eleven is his 1863 imprisonment for destroying his neighbor's yard gate with a homemade cannon. He was a keen painter, artist, and gymnast, but his father neither appreciated nor encouraged these abilities, even though these artistic talents would contribute to his success later in life. His father apprenticed him to a shoemaker and barber, to "try and give his son much-needed discipline and stability."


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Over the summer of 1868, his father took him to graveyards to find human remains for anatomical study. Early sketches of bones moved him to pursue medical studies. Ramón y Cajal attended the medical school of the University of Zaragoza, where his father worked as an anatomy teacher. He graduated in 1873, aged 21, and then served as a medical officer in the Spanish Army. He took part in an expedition to Cuba in 1874–1875, where he contracted malaria and tuberculosis. To aid his recovery, Ramón y Cajal spent time in the spa-town Panticosa in the Pyrenees mountain range.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: After returning to Spain, he received his doctorate in medicine in Madrid in 1877. Two years later, he became the director of the Zaragoza Museum, and he married Silveria Fañanás García, with whom he had seven daughters and five sons. Ramón y Cajal worked at the University of Zaragoza until 1883, when he was awarded the position of anatomy professor of the University of Valencia. His early work at these two universities focused on the pathology of inflammation, the microbiology of cholera, and the structure of epithelial cells and tissues.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 1887 Ramón y Cajal moved to Barcelona for a professorship. There he first learned about Golgi's method, a cell staining method which uses potassium dichromate and silver nitrate to (randomly) stain a few neurons a dark black color, while leaving the surrounding cells transparent. This method, which he improved, was central to his work, allowing him to turn his attention to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), in which neurons are so densely intertwined that standard microscopic inspection would be nearly impossible. During this period he made extensive detailed drawings of neural material, covering many species and most major regions of the brain.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 1892, he became professor at Madrid. In 1899 he became director of the "Instituto Nacional de Higiene – "translated as "National Institute of Hygiene ", and in 1922 founder of the – translated as the "Laboratory of Biological Investigations ", later renamed to the , or Cajal Institute.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 1877, the 25-year-old Ramón y Cajal joined a Masonic lodge. John Brande Trend wrote in 1965 that Ramón y Cajal "was a liberal in politics, an evolutionist in philosophy, an agnostic in religion".


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Nonetheless, Ramón y Cajal used the term soul "without any shame". He was said to later have regretted having left organized religion, Ultimately, he became convinced of a belief in God as a creator, as stated during his first lecture before the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Ramón y Cajal made several major contributions to neuroanatomy. He discovered the axonal growth cone, and demonstrated experimentally that the relationship between nerve cells was not "continuous", or a single system as per then extant reticular theory, but rather "contiguous"; there were gaps between neurons. This provided definitive evidence for what Heinrich Waldeyer would name "neuron theory", now widely considered the foundation of modern neuroscience. He is also considered by some to be the first "neuroscientist" since in 1894 he stated to the Royal Society of London: "The ability of neurons to grow in an adult and their power to create new connections can explain learning." This statement is considered to be the origin of the synaptic theory of memory.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: He was an advocate of the existence of dendritic spines, although he did not recognize them as the site of contact from presynaptic cells. He was a proponent of polarization of nerve cell function and his student, Rafael Lorente de Nó, would continue this study of input-output systems into cable theory and some of the earliest circuit analysis of neural structures.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: By producing excellent depictions of neural structures and their connectivity and providing detailed descriptions of cell types he discovered a new type of cell, which was subsequently named after him, the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC). This cell is found interleaved among neurons embedded within the smooth muscles lining the gut, serving as the generator and pacemaker of the slow waves of contraction which move material along the gastrointestinal tract, mediating neurotransmission from motor neurons to smooth muscle cells.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In his 1894 Croonian Lecture, Ramón y Cajal suggested (in an extended metaphor) that cortical pyramidal cells may become more elaborate with time, as a tree grows and extends its branches.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: He devoted a considerable amount of time studying French which he used to help his wife during labor and parapsychological phenomena. A book he had written on these topics was lost during the Spanish Civil War.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Ramón y Cajal received many prizes, distinctions, and societal memberships during his scientific career, including honorary doctorates in medicine from Cambridge University and Würzburg University and an honorary doctorate in philosophy from Clark University. The most famous distinction he was awarded was the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906, together with the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system". This caused some controversy because Golgi, a staunch supporter of reticular theory, disagreed with Ramón y Cajal in his view of the neuron doctrine. Even before Ramón y Cajal's work, Norwegian scientist Fridtjof Nansen established the contiguous nature of nerve cells in his study of certain marine life, which Ramón y Cajal failed to cite.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Cajal posed for a statue that was created by the sculptor Mariano Benlliure and was installed 1924 in the Paraninfo building at the School of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 1931 a monument was unveiled in Madrid, Spain. This full-body statue that stands 3 m (around 10 ft) high on a narrow pedestal and created by Lorenzo Domínguez, a Chilean medical student.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 2003, the first major exhibition of Cajal's scientific drawings opened in Madrid, Spain. The exhibition featured hundreds of restored original drawings, micrographic slides, and personal photographs created by Cajal. The accompanying catalog titled "Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852–2003) Ciencia y Arte" features numerous high quality reproductions of Cajal's drawings and photo essays on the restoration process. Exhibition curators and contributing authors to the catalog include: Santiago Ramón y Cajal Junquera, Miguel Ángel Freire Mallo, Paloma Esteban Leal, Pablo García, Virginia G. Marin, Ma Cruz Osuna, Isabel Argerich Fernández, Paloma Calle, Marta C. Lopera, Ricardo Martínez, Pilar Sedano Espín, Eugenia Gimeno Pascual, Sonia Tortajada, and Juan Antonio Sáez Dégano.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 2007, sculptures of Severo Ochoa y Santiago Ramón y Cajal created Víctor Ochoa were unveiled at the Spain's CESIC (university research centre), Madrid, Spain.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Santiago Ramón y Cajal Museum, Ayerbe, Huesca, Spain opened in 2013 and is located in Cajal's childhood home, where he lived with his family for ten years.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 2014, the National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, US, initiated an ongoing exhibition of original Ramón y Cajal drawings in its John Porter Neuroscience Research Center. The exhibition concept was spearheaded by NINDS Senior Researcher Jeffery Diamond and NINDS science writer Christopher Thomas and was made possible through close collaboration with the Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain. The exhibition also includes contemporary artwork curated by Jeff Diamond, which was created by artists Rebecca Kamen and Dawn Hunter. Inspired by Cajal's original drawings, Kamen's and Hunter's artworks are thematically representative of Cajal's aesthetic and are on permanent display for the public at the John Porter Neuroscience Research Center. Through the award of a 2017–2018 Fulbright España Senior Research Fellowship to the Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain, Hunter continued to develop her creative project about Cajal by referencing original source material.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: A selection of Cajal's scientific drawings, personal photos, oil paintings, and pastel drawings were curated into the 14th Istanbul Biennial, "Saltwater", that was held in Istanbul, Turkey from September 5 – November 1, 2015.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: The exhibition "Fisiología de los Sueños. Cajal, Tanguy, Lorca, Dalí..." opened on October 5, 2015 and ended on January 16, 2016 at the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. Cajal's work was the centerpiece topic of the exhibition and the show explored the influence of histological drawings on Surrealism.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: From January 31 – May 29, 2016, Cajal's work was featured in the inaugural exhibition for the re-opening of University of California's Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA) "Architecture of Life". The catalog for the exhibition featured Cajal's drawing of the Purkinje Cell on the front cover.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA and the Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain held collaborative symposiums honoring Cajal. The collaborative institutional symposiums were held on October 28, 2015 and May 24, 2017.  The first symposium held at the NIH in 2015 was titled "Bridging the Legacy of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a symposium honoring the father of modern neuroscience".  Keynote speaker Dr. Rafael Yuste was honored at a reception held at the Spanish Ambassador's, Ramón Gil-Casares, home.  The second symposium titled, "New Opportunities for NIH-CSIC Collaboration", was held at the Instituto Cajal in 2017.  Dawn Hunter’s "Cajal Inventory" art project was exhibited at the symposium for the general public in the institute's library.  The "Cajal Inventory" consists of forty-five 11” x 14” drawings in which Hunter recreated in fine detail Cajal’s scientific drawings from primary source, and surreal portrait drawings of Cajal inspired by his photography.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Every year more than two hundred four-year postdoctoral fellowships by the Ministry of Science of Spain are awarded to middle career scholars from different fields of knowledge are called "Ayudas a contratos Ramon y Cajal" to honor his memory.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: An exhibition called "The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal" travelled through North America, beginning 2017 in the US at the Weisman Art Museum in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The exhibition traveled to the Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Grey Art Gallery, New York University, New York City, New York, USA, MIT Museum, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and ended in April 2019 at the Ackland Art Museum in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. "The Beautiful Brain" book, published by Abrams, New York, accompanied the exhibition.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: During 2019, the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain opened an exhibition about Cajal titled "Santiago Ramón y Cajal. 150 years at the University of Zaragoza." The exhibition had an accompanying catalog that featured the same title. The exhibition opened October 2019 and closed at the end of December 2019.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: A short documentary by REDES is available on YouTube. Spanish public television channel RTVE screened a biopic series to commemorate his life in 2019.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: From the 19th of November, 2020 through the 5th of December 2021, the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, Spain hosted an exhibition featuring Cajal's scientific drawings, photographs, scientific equipment and personal objects from the Legado Cajal, Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 2020, over 75 volunteers collaborated as part of The Cajal Embroidery Project across 6 countries to create 81 intricate, exquisite hand-stitched panels of Ramón y Cajal's images, which were then curated and displayed by Edinburgh Neuroscience at the virtual FENS 2020 Forum, and showcased by "The Lancet Neurology" in their front covers in 2021.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 2017, UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recognised Cajal’s Legacy (which had been kept in a museum from 1945 to 1989) as a World Heritage treasure. Recognising that this cultural treasure deserves a dedicated museum, showcasing not only Cajal’s but also his disciples’ legacies, there has been a call for a dedicated museum to commemorate and celebrate Ramón y Cajal's discoveries and impact on neuroscience.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Project Encephalon organised Cajal Week to celebrate his 169th birth anniversary from 1 May to 7 May 2021.


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: He published more than 100 scientific works and articles in Spanish, French and German. Among his works were:


title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: In 1905, he published five science-fiction stories called "Vacation Stories" under the pen name "Dr. Bacteria".


title: Demesne

text: A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept originated in the Kingdom of France and found its way to foreign lands influenced by it or its fiefdoms.


title: Demesne

text: In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, royal demesne is the land held by the Crown, and ancient demesne is the legal term for the land held by the king at the time of the Domesday Book.


title: Demesne

text: The word derives from Old French , ultimately from Latin , "lord, master of a household" – "demesne" is a variant of "domaine".


title: Demesne

text: The word "barton", which is historically synonymous to "demesne" and is an element found in many place-names, can refer to a demesne farm: it derives from Old English "bere" (barley) and "ton" (enclosure).


title: Demesne

text: The system of manorial land tenure, broadly termed feudalism, was conceived in France, but was exported to areas affected by Norman expansion during the Middle Ages, including the Kingdoms of England, Sicily, Jerusalem, Scotland, and Ireland.


title: Demesne

text: In this feudal system, the demesne was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor for his own use and support. It was not necessarily all contiguous to the manor house. A portion of the demesne lands, called the lord's waste, served as public roads and common pasture land for the lord and his tenants. Most of the remainder of the land in the manor was sub-enfeoffed by the lord to others as sub-tenants.


title: Demesne

text: Initially, the demesne lands were worked on the lord's behalf by villeins or by serfs, who had no right of tenure on it, in fulfilment of their feudal obligations, but as a money economy developed in the later Middle Ages, the serfs' "corvée" came to be commuted to money payments. With the advent of the early modern period, demesne lands came to be cultivated by paid labourers. Eventually, many of the demesne lands were leased out either on a perpetual (i.e., hereditary) or a temporary renewable basis so that many peasants functioned virtually as free proprietors after having paid their fixed rents. In times of inflation or debasement of coinage, the rent might come to represent a pittance, reducing the feudal aristocrat to poverty among a prosperous gentry.


title: Demesne

text: Demesne lands that were leased out for a term of years remained demesne lands, though no longer in the occupation of the lord of the manor. See, for example, "Musgrave v Inclosure Commissioners" (1874) LR 9 QB 162, a case in which the three judges of the Queen's Bench Divisional Court and everyone else concerned assumed without argument that farms which were let by the lord of the manor were part of the lord's demesne land.


title: Demesne

text: In Ireland, demesne lands were often demarcated with high stone walls. Today, 24 townlands in Ireland bear the name of "Demesne", and many others contain the word.


title: Demesne

text: Immediately following the Norman Conquest of 1066, all land in England was claimed by King William the Conqueror as his absolute title by allodial right, being the commencement of the royal demesne, also known as Crown land. The king made grants of very large tracts of land under various forms of feudal tenure from his demesne, generally in the form of feudal baronies. The land not so enfeoffed, for example royal manors administered by royal stewards and royal hunting forests, thus remained within the royal demesne. In the Domesday Book of 1086, this land is referred to as "terra regis" (literally "the king's land"), and in English common law the term "ancient demesne" refers to the land that was held by the Crown at the time of the Domesday Book.


title: Demesne

text: The royal demesne was not a static portfolio: it could be increased, for example, as a result of escheat or forfeiture where a feudal tenure would end and revert to its natural state in the royal demesne, or it could be reduced by later grants of land. During the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Parliament appropriated most of the royal demesne, in exchange for a fixed annual sum thenceforth payable to the monarch, called the Civil List. The position of the royal estate of Windsor, still occupied by the monarch and never alienated since 1066, may be a rare remnant of the royal demesne.


title: Demesne

text: In the Lordship of Ireland, King Henry II claimed a large area as the royal demesne in 1171: Dublin, its hinterland, the coastline down to Arklow and the towns of Wexford and Waterford. This region around Dublin would evolve into the Pale.


title: Lou Pai

text: Lou Lung Pai () (born 23 June 1947) is a Chinese-American businessman and former Enron executive. He was CEO of Enron Energy Services from March 1997 until January 2001 and CEO of Enron Xcelerator, a venture capital division of Enron, from February 2001 until June 2001. He left Enron with over $250 million. Pai was the second-largest land owner in Colorado after he purchased the Taylor Ranch for $23 million in 1999, though he sold the property in June 2004 for $60 million.


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai was not charged with any criminal wrongdoing in the Enron scandal and exercised his Fifth Amendment rights in regard to the subsequent Enron class action lawsuits. As a result of the lawsuit, Pai forfeited $6 million due to him from Enron's insurance policy for company officers to a fund for Enron shareholders.


title: Lou Pai

text: Accounts of the Enron scandal have frequently portrayed him as a mysterious figure; a former Enron employee, interviewed in the 2005 documentary film "", referred to Pai as "the invisible CEO".


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai was born in Nanjing, China and came to the United States at the age of two. Pai obtained both his B.S. and M.S. in economics from the University of Maryland, College Park, where his father, Shih-I Pai, was an aeronautics professor. Pai worked for the federal government in the 1970s before joining Enron.


title: Lou Pai

text: His sister is Sue Pai Yang, the first Asian American appointed to be a New Jersey Workers' Compensation judge.


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai joined Enron in 1987, when it was just a regional energy supplier. He became one of (eventual) CEO Jeffrey Skilling's top lieutenants, primarily tasked with detailing and implementing Skilling's vision of transforming Enron into a "de facto" energy commodities-trading firm. During his Enron career, Skilling put Pai in charge of multiple Enron subsidiaries. Pai was CEO of the EES (Enron Energy Services) subsidiary from March 1997 until May 2001. The reasons for his resignation from Enron remain shrouded in mystery.


title: Lou Pai

text: Despite a reputation for being extremely introverted, taciturn, and reclusive around the office, Pai also came to symbolize the legendary lavishness and excesses of Enron's corporate culture. Though married, Pai was known to spend inordinate amounts of time during and after working hours in Houston-area strip clubs, use the Enron corporate jet for personal commuting, and charge several hundred dollars worth of lunches for himself and accompanying staff to the corporate expense account until Chairman Ken Lay later prohibited it.


title: Lou Pai

text: Between May 18 and June 7, 2001, Pai sold 338,897 shares of Enron stock and exercised Enron stock options that put another 572,818 shares on the open market. At the time, the price averaged $53.78 per share. This early sell-off of Enron stock had the benefit of shielding Pai from the insider trading charges leveled against other Enron executives who had also secretly sold-off large amounts of stock before the company's ruinous finances were publicly known.


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai's Colorado ranchland included the 14,047-foot mountain, Culebra Peak. His neighbors reportedly referred to the ranch as "Mount Pai".


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai was a founder and is a former chairman of Element Markets, a renewable-energy consulting firm. Through Element, Pai has invested in pollution emissions credits. Since then, Pai has emerged as a partner in Midstream Capital Partners LLC.


title: Lou Pai

text: On July 30, 2008, Pai agreed to resolve civil insider trading charges against him with an out-of-court settlement of $31.5 million, including $1.5 million in civil fines and $30 million in restitution, to be deposited into a fund for shareholders harmed by Enron's bankruptcy. He continues to neither admit nor deny the Securities and Exchange Commission claims that he sold millions of shares of Enron stock based on non-public information about the company's financial problems. It is one of the largest settlements in the history of the SEC's enforcement program dealing with an individual for alleged insider trading. As part of the settlement, Pai was also barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company for five years.


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai's frequent strip club visits during his time with Enron led to an affair with stripper Melanie Fewell (who was also married), and resulted in a pregnancy. Upon learning of the affair, Pai's then-wife of over 20 years, Lanna, with whom he has two biological children, filed for divorce. To satisfy the financial terms of his divorce settlement, Pai cashed out approximately $250 million of his Enron stock just months before the company's stock price dramatically collapsed and it filed for bankruptcy protection. After the divorce, Pai and Fewell married.


title: Lou Pai

text: Pai and Fewell together operated Canaan Ranch, located near metropolitan Houston, where they raised and trained dressage horses. They later moved from Sugar Land, Texas, to Middleburg, Virginia, and opened a second Canaan Ranch there, but as of 2014, it is up for sale. More recently, Pai and his family have moved to Wellington, Florida.


title: Exhaust system

text: An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through one or more of:


title: Exhaust system

text: An exhaust pipe must be carefully designed to carry toxic and/or noxious gases away from the users of the machine. Indoor generators and furnaces can quickly fill an enclosed space with poisonous exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, if they are not properly vented to the outdoors. Also, the gases from most types of machines are very hot; the pipe must be heat-resistant, and it must not pass through or near anything that can burn or can be damaged by heat. A chimney serves as an exhaust pipe in a stationary structure. For the internal combustion engine it is important to have the exhaust system "tuned" (refer to tuned exhaust) for optimal efficiency. Also, this should meet the regulation norms maintained in each country. In China, China 5; In European countries, EURO 5; In India, BS-4, etc.,


title: Exhaust system

text: In most motorcycles all or most of the exhaust system is visible and may be chrome plated as a display feature. Aftermarket exhausts may be made from steel, aluminium, titanium, or carbon fiber.


title: Exhaust system

text: Motorcycle exhausts come in many varieties depending on the type of engine and its intended use. A twin-cylinder bike may have independent exhaust sections, as seen in the Kawasaki EX250 (also known as the Ninja 250 in the US, or the GPX 250), or a single exhaust section known as a two-into-one (2-1). 4 cylinder machines, super-sport bikes like Kawasaki's ZX series, Honda's CBR series, Yamaha's YZF series, latterly titled R6 and R1, and Suzuki's GSX-R, often have a twin exhaust system. A "full system" may be bought as an aftermarket accessory, also called a 4-2-1 or 4–1, depending on its layout. In the past, these bikes would come as standard with a single exhaust muffler, a practice that lasted until the early 2000s, when EU noise and pollution regulations mostly stopped this practice, forcing companies to use other methods to increase the performance of the motorcycle.


title: Exhaust system

text: In many trucks / lorries all or most of the exhaust system is visible, often with a vertical exhaust pipe. Often in such trucks, the silencer is surrounded by a perforated metal sheath to avoid people getting burnt from touching the hot silencer. This sheath may be chrome plated as a display feature.


title: Exhaust system

text: Part of the pipe between the engine and the silencer is often flexible metal industrial ducting, which helps to avoid vibration from the engine being transferred into the exhaust system. Sometimes a large diesel exhaust pipe is vertical, to blow the hot noxious gas well away from people; in such cases, the end of the exhaust pipe often has a hinged metal flap to stop debris, birds, and rainwater from falling inside.


title: Exhaust system

text: In former times, exhaust systems of trucks / lorries in Britain were usually out of sight underneath the chassis.


title: Exhaust system

text: In a two-stroke engine, such as that used on dirt bikes, a bulge in the exhaust pipe known as an expansion chamber uses the pressure of the exhaust to create a pump that squeezes more air and fuel into the cylinder during the intake stroke. This provides greater power and fuel efficiency. See Kadenacy effect.


title: Exhaust system

text: In outboard motors the exhaust system is usually a vertical passage through the engine structure and to reduce out-of-water noise blows out underwater, sometimes through the middle of the propeller.


title: Exhaust system

text: In most production engines, the manifold is an assembly designed to collect the exhaust gas from two or more cylinders into one pipe. Manifolds are often made of cast iron in stock production cars and may have material-saving design features such as using the least metal, to occupy the least space necessary, or have the lowest production cost. These design restrictions often result in a design that is cost-effective but that does not do the most efficient job of venting the gases from the engine. Inefficiencies generally occur due to the nature of the combustion engine and its cylinders. Since cylinders fire at different times, exhaust leaves them at different times, and pressure waves from gas emerging from one cylinder might not be completely vacated through the exhaust system when another comes. This creates back pressure and restriction in the engine's exhaust system that can restrict the engine's true performance possibilities.


title: Exhaust system

text: Regardless of the negative attributes of steel tube exhaust outlet configurations, engineers who design engine components choose conventional cast iron exhaust manifolds list positive attributes, such as an array of heat management properties and superior longevity to any other type of exhaust outlet design.


title: Exhaust system

text: A header is a manifold specifically designed for performance. During design, engineers create a manifold without regard to weight or cost but instead for optimal flow of the exhaust gases. This design results in a header that is more efficient at scavenging the exhaust from the cylinders. Headers are generally circular steel tubing with bends and folds calculated to make the paths from each cylinder's exhaust port to the common outlet all equal length and joined at narrow angles to encourage pressure waves to flow through the outlet, not back towards other cylinders. In a set of tuned headers the pipe lengths are carefully calculated to enhance exhaust flow in a particular engine revolutions per minute range.


title: Exhaust system

text: A common method of increasing the power output of an engine is the use of upgraded headers. The increased power output is often due to a result of a larger cross-section area of the pipes (reducing the resistance on the exhaust gasses) and/or designing the pipe lengths so that the pressure wave assists in exhaust scavenging. For inline-four engines and V8 engines, exhaust manifolds are usually either a 4-2-1 design (where the four pipes merge into two, followed by a separate merge of these two pipes into one) or a 4-1 design (where the four pipes directly merge into one).


title: Exhaust system

text: Headers are generally made by aftermarket automotive companies, but sometimes can be bought from the high-performance parts department at car dealerships. Generally, most car performance enthusiasts buy aftermarket headers made by companies solely focused on producing reliable, cost-effective well-designed headers specifically for their cars. Headers can also be custom designed by a custom shop. Due to the advanced materials that some aftermarket headers are made of, this can be expensive. Luckily, an exhaust system can be custom-built for any car, and generally is not specific to the car's motor or design except for needing to properly connect solidly to the engine. This is usually accomplished by correct sizing in the design stage, and selecting a proper gasket type and size for the engine.


title: Exhaust system

text: Some systems (referred to as catless or de-cat systems) eliminate the catalytic converter. It is a U.S. legal requirement to have a catalytic converter. Converters may not be removed from a vehicle that is used only for "off-road" driving in the United States. The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. They work by transforming the polluted exhaust components into water and carbon dioxide. There is a light-off temperature from which catalytic converters start to be efficient and work properly.


title: Exhaust system

text: Catalytic converters can cause back pressure if they are not designed for the required flow rate or if they are clogged. In these situations, upgrading or removal of the catalytic converter can increase power at high revs. However, the catalytic converter is a key component of the vehicle's emission control systems, therefore a non-standard product can cause a vehicle to be unroadworthy.


title: Exhaust system

text: The piping that connects all of the individual components of the exhaust system is called the exhaust pipe. If the diameter is too small, power at high RPM will be reduced. Too large a diameter can reduce torque at low RPM and can cause the exhaust to sit lower to the ground, increasing the risk of it being hit and damaged while the car is moving.


title: Exhaust system

text: On cars with two sets of exhaust pipes, a crossover pipe is often used to connect the two pipes. Common designs of crossover pipes are a perpendicular pipe ('H-pipe', due to their shape) or angled pipes that slowly merge and separate ('X-pipe').


title: Exhaust system

text: Original equipment mufflers typically reduces the noise level from the tailpipe by bouncing sound waves off of the back, front, and sides of the muffler. They are designed to meet the maximum allowable noise level required by government regulations, however, some original equipment mufflers are a significant source of backpressure.


title: Exhaust system

text: Glasspack mufflers (also called 'cannons' or 'hotdogs') are straight-through design mufflers that consist of an inner perforated tube, an outer solid tube, and fibreglass sound insulation between the two tubes. They often have less back pressure than original equipment mufflers, but are relatively ineffective at reducing sound levels. Another common type of muffler is the chambered muffler, which consists of a series of concentric or eccentric pipes inside the expansion chamber cavity. These pipes allow sound to travel into them and cause the sound waves to bounce off the closed, flat, ends of the pipe. These reflections partially cancel each other out, reducing the sound level.


title: Exhaust system

text: Resonators are sections of pipe that expand to a larger diameter and allow the sound waves to reflect off the walls and cancel out, therefore reducing the noise level. Resonators can be used inside mufflers, or also as separate components in an exhaust system.


title: Exhaust system

text: With trucks, sometimes the silencer is crossways under the front of the cab and its tailpipe blows sideways to the offside (right side if driving on the left, left side if driving on the right). The side of a passenger car on which the exhaust exits beneath the rear bumper usually indicates the market for which the vehicle was designed, i.e. Japanese (and some older British) vehicles have exhausts on the right so they are furthest from the curb in countries which drive on the left, while European vehicles have exhausts on the left.


title: Exhaust system

text: The end of the final length of exhaust pipe where it vents to open air, generally the only visible part of the exhaust system part on a vehicle, often ends with just a straight or angled cut, but may include a fancy tip. The tip is sometimes chromed. It is often of larger pipe than the rest of the exhaust system. This produces a final reduction in pressure and is sometimes used to enhance the appearance of the car.


title: Exhaust system

text: In the late 1950s in the United States manufacturers had a fashion in car styling to form the rear bumper with a hole at each end through which the exhaust would pass. Two outlets symbolized V-8 power, and only the most expensive cars (Cadillac, Lincoln, Imperial, Packard) were fitted with this design. One justification for this was that luxury cars in those days had such a long rear overhang that the exhaust pipe scraped the ground when the car traversed ramps. The fashion disappeared after customers noted that the rear end of the car is a low-pressure area that collected soot from the exhaust and its acidic content ate into the chrome-plated rear bumper.


title: Exhaust system

text: When a bus, truck or tractor or excavator has a vertical exhaust pipe (called stacks or pipes behind the cab), sometimes the end is curved, or has a hinged cover flap which the gas flow blows out of the way, to try to prevent foreign objects (including turds from a bird perching on the exhaust pipe when the vehicle is not being used) getting inside the exhaust pipe.


title: Exhaust system

text: In some trucks, when the silencer (muffler) is front-to-back under the chassis, the end of the tailpipe turns 90° and blows downwards. That protects anyone near a stationary truck from getting a direct blast of the exhaust gas, but often raises dust when the truck is driving on a dry dusty unmade surface such as on a building site.


title: Exhaust system

text: A consequence of the problematic nature in the adaptation of large-diameter exhaust tubing to the undercarriage of ladder-frame or body-on-frame chassis architecture vehicles with altered geometry suspensions, lake pipes evolved to become a front-engined vehicle exhaust archetype crafted by specialty motorsport engine specialists of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, whose focus was the optimization of the acoustic effect associated with high-output internal combustion engines. The name is derived from their use on the vast, empty dry lake beds northeast of Los Angeles County, where engine specialists custom-crafted, interchanged, and evaluated one-piece header manifolds of various mil thicknesses, a function of temperature, humidity, elevation and climate they anticipated.


title: Exhaust system

text: No intrinsic performance gain to be derived, "per se", lake pipes evolved a function of practicality. In common instances, their manifolds routed straight out the front wheel wells posing an asphyxiation risk to the race driver, "lake pipes" were fashioned, extending from the header flange along the rocker panels, bottom side of the vehicle, beneath the doors, thus allowing (1) suspension tuners a lower ride height sufficient for land speed record attempts, and (2) engine tuners ease and flexibility of interchanging different exhaust manifolds without hoisting the vehicle, thus precluding having to wrench undercarriage of the vehicle.


title: Exhaust system

text: Body-on-frame chassis architecture ceding to superleggera, unit-body and monocoque archetypes, in tandem with smog abatement legislation rendered lake pipes obsolete as a performance option. No meaningful performance gain to be had for contemporary vehicles, lake pipes are aesthetic accessories that are usually chrome-plated. Some allow the driver to control whether the exhaust gas is routed to the standard exhaust system, or through the lake pipes. Some are equipped with laker caps which, affixed by fasteners at the terminal end of exhaust tips, serve to (1) "cap" the exhaust system when not in use, and/or (2) indicate that the presence of lake pipes is merely cosmetic.


title: Exhaust system

text: The Header-back (or header back) is the part of the exhaust system from the outlet of the header to the final vent to open air — everything from the header back. Header-back systems are generally produced as aftermarket performance systems for cars without turbochargers.


title: Exhaust system

text: The Turbo-back (or turbo back) is the part of the exhaust system from the outlet of a turbocharger to the final vent to open air. Turbo-back systems are generally produced as aftermarket performance systems for cars with turbochargers. Some turbo-back (and header-back) systems replace stock catalytic converters with others having less flow restriction.


title: Exhaust system

text: Cat-back (also cat back and catback) refers to the portion of the exhaust system from the outlet of the catalytic converter to the final vent to open air. This generally includes the pipe from the converter to the muffler, the muffler, and the final length of pipe to open air.


title: Exhaust system

text: Cat-back exhaust systems generally use larger diameter pipes than the stock system. The mufflers included in these kits are often glasspacks, to reduce backpressure. If the system is engineered more for show than functionality, it may be tuned to enhance the lower sounds that are lacking from high-RPM low-displacement engines.


title: Exhaust system

text: Aftermarket exhaust parts can increase peak power by reducing the back pressure of the exhaust system. These parts sometimes can void factory warranties, however the European Union "Block Exemption Regulations 1400/2002" prevents manufacturers from rejecting warranty claims if the aftermarket parts are of matching quality and specifications to the original parts.


title: Exhaust system

text: Many automotive companies offer aftermarket exhaust system upgrades as a subcategory of engine tuning. This is often fairly expensive as it usually includes replacing the entire exhaust manifold or other large components. These upgrades however can significantly improve engine performance by reducing the exhaust back pressure and by reducing the amount of heat from the exhaust being lost into the underbonnet area. This reduces the underbonnet temperature and consequently lowers the intake manifold temperature, increasing power. This also has a positive side effect of preventing heat-sensitive components from being damaged.


title: Exhaust system

text: Backpressure is most commonly reduced by replacing exhaust manifolds with headers, which have smoother bends and normally wider pipe diameters.


title: Exhaust system

text: Exhaust heat management helps in reducing the amount of exhaust heat radiated out from the exhaust pipe and components. One dominant solution to aftermarket upgrades is the use of a ceramic coating applied via thermal spraying. This not only reduces heat loss and lessens back pressure, but also provides an effective way to protect the exhaust system from wear and tear, thermal degradation, and corrosion.


title: Julie Banderas

text: Julie Banderas (born Julie Bidwell;) is an American television news anchor for the Fox News Channel, based in New York City. She later took the professional name Banderas. She hosted "Fox Report Weekend" before moving to a weekday anchor role, and currently serves as a primary weekday fill-in anchor on programs such as "America's Newsroom", "The Faulkner Focus", talk show "Outnumbered" and a guest host on "The Big Saturday/Sunday Show". She is also a regular guest on Fox News' late night comedy show "Gutfeld!".


title: Julie Banderas

text: Banderas is the daughter of Fabiola R. and Howard Dexter Bidwell (1930–2010). Her mother is an immigrant from Colombia; her father was a Navy veteran and civil engineer who started a company called Consolidated Precast, Inc. Banderas has a sister and four half siblings from her father's first marriage. She graduated with a bachelor's degree from Emerson College.


title: Julie Banderas

text: Banderas began her career at WLVI-TV in Boston. She went on to serve as a local news anchorwoman for WHSV-TV in Harrisonburg, Virginia; WBRE-TV in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; WFSB-TV in Hartford, Connecticut and WNYW in New York City.


title: Julie Banderas

text: In 2008, she replaced Laurie Dhue as the anchor for "Fox Report Weekend". In 2010 she took maternity leave with Harris Faulkner assuming her responsibilities. She returned to Fox News from leave near the end of 2010 and was reassigned to the position of general news correspondent.


title: Julie Banderas

text: In June 2006, she gained international media attention for an on-air clash with Shirley Phelps-Roper, former spokeswoman for the Westboro Baptist Church, about which she later stated, "These people should be arrested, and I understand the right to protest, but when you disgrace not only our fallen soldiers, but when you disgrace innocent young children, I swear. Lock 'em up. Throw away the key. Give 'em the death penalty. I think it's disgusting."


title: Julie Banderas

text: Banderas' husband Andrew J. Sansone, a member of the board of directors of Habitat for Humanity and founding president of both Old Rock Media and Big Apple Channel, proposed marriage to her with a message-in-a-bottle that he pretended to discover on the beach while clam digging on Long Island Sound. She announced their engagement during an episode of "America's Election Headquarters" on September 21, 2008. They wed at Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church on August 29, 2009. They have three children and reside in New York City.


title: Julie Banderas

text: In December of 2022, Banderas announced on her Twitter account that she and Sansone had separated. Saying that he is her "soon to be ex."


title: F/X

text: F/X (also known as or subtitled Murder by Illusion) is a 1986 American action thriller film directed by Robert Mandel, written by Gregory Fleeman and Robert T. Megginson, and starring Bryan Brown, Brian Dennehy, Diane Venora, Cliff De Young and Angela Bassett in her film debut. The film follows an expert (Brown) in the art of special effects (F/X) with a reputation built by his work on many low-budget hack-and-slash films such as "I Dismember Mama". The Department of Justice hires him to stage the murder of a gangster about to enter the Witness Protection Program. He agrees, but then things get complicated. Meanwhile, a New York City police detective (Dennehy) is investigating the faked murder and cannot understand why the Justice Department is even less helpful than usual. A sequel, "F/X2: The Deadly Art of Illusion", was released in 1991. A spinoff TV series entitled "" was produced from 1996 to 1998.


title: F/X

text: Movie special effects expert Roland "Rollie" Tyler is hired by the Justice Department to stage the murder of mob informant Nicholas DeFranco. DeFranco is set to testify against his former Mafia bosses and go into witness protection, but the Justice Department is afraid he will be killed before the trial. Tyler rigs a gun with blanks and fixes DeFranco up with radio transmitters and fake blood packs to simulate bullet hits. The Justice Department supervisor on the case, Edward Mason, asks Tyler to be the "assassin" wearing a disguise. He is paid $30,000 and assured by Mason that he is "100% protected".


title: F/X

text: During the preparation, Lipton, the Justice agent in charge, handles Rollie's gun. DeFranco wears Tyler's rig to an Italian restaurant and the public "assassination" goes flawlessly. When Tyler is picked up by Lipton, the agent tries to shoot him. In the struggle for Lipton's gun, the driver is killed and the car crashes, allowing Tyler to escape. He contacts Mason, who is shocked by Lipton's actions and instructs him to wait for other agents to take him to a safe location. Another man thought to be Tyler is killed by the agents, proving that Mason is trying to kill him too. Rollie is worried that Lipton may have switched the blanks in the assassination gun with real bullets, meaning that Rollie really did kill DeFranco.


title: F/X

text: Rollie retreats to his girlfriend Ellen's apartment. In the morning, Ellen is shot and killed by a sniper aiming for Tyler. Tyler kills the sniper after a fight when he enters the apartment to finish the job.


title: F/X

text: Manhattan homicide detective Leo McCarthy investigates the death of Ellen and the sniper and realizes it is connected to DeFranco, whom Leo has been pursuing for years. He discovers that the assassination was faked and that Mason planned it. When he is suspended by his captain for his reckless methods, McCarthy manages to steal his boss's badge and gun.


title: F/X

text: Using an elaborate phone prank, Tyler lures Lipton out in the open and kidnaps him in his official car. He stuffs Lipton into the trunk and takes him on a rough ride to get Mason's address out of him. Tyler steals back his impounded van with the help of his assistant and escapes following a chase through Lower Manhattan with McCarthy's partner. Tyler goes to Mason's mansion where, using his special effects expertise, he incapacitates Mason's guards (and tricks some of them into killing each other). McCarthy arrives and seeing two unconscious guards at the gate, he alerts the State Police.


title: F/X

text: Mason and DeFranco figure out that Tyler has found them. DeFranco shoots out several windows in Mason's study and Tyler falls through one of the windows, appearing to be dead. Mason and DeFranco try to leave the house when a helicopter arrives, but DeFranco receives an electric shock when he touches the metal screen on an outside door, rigged by Tyler. The shock disrupts DeFranco's pacemaker. Before he dies of heart failure, Mason coerces and takes from him a key to a Swiss safe deposit box containing the funds DeFranco stole from the Mafia.


title: F/X

text: Mason prepares to escape, but is surprised by the appearance of Tyler, who points an Uzi submachine gun at him. Mason tries to bribe Tyler by giving him the key, proposing that they split the money, but urging immediate departure. Tyler places the gun on a table and tells Mason that the plan won't work. Mason picks up the gun and demands the key back. Tyler shows Mason the bullets for the gun and a tube of Krazy Glue. With the gun glued to Mason's hands, Tyler shoves him out the front door. Misinterpreting his action of walking towards them with a gun in his hands, yet making pleas that "It's a mistake", he is shot by the police.


title: F/X

text: Tyler's body is found and taken to the morgue. He then gets out of the body bag, removes the makeup simulating his death and exits out a window to escape. He is confronted by McCarthy. The film ends with Tyler impersonating DeFranco at the bank in Geneva and retrieving the $15 million in Mafia funds, after which he and McCarthy make a getaway with the cash.


title: F/X

text: The unsolicited screenplay was written by two novice writers, actor Gregory Fleeman and documentarian Robert T. Megginson. Producer Jack Wiener read their script, which was submitted as a low-budget television movie, and felt that it should be made into a theatrical release. Wiener and his co-producer Dodi Fayed hired Robert Mandel, an Off-Broadway director. They did not want to hire an action director, but instead wanted a director who would bring a realistic touch to the film and make the audience care about the main character. Mandel accepted the job because he wanted to dispel the perception that he was a "soft, arty director". Initially he was not impressed with the film's screenplay, which he felt was not well-crafted but felt that it provided for "a lot of action and a lot of things I did not have under my belt". In preparation for the film's action sequences, Mandel studied chase scenes from "Bullitt" and "The French Connection". To pull off the film's special effects, the producers hired John Stears, who had worked on the first eight James Bond films and shared a special effects Academy Award for "".


title: F/X

text: Principal photography took place during the summer of 1985 around New York City and in Rye, New York, as well as Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto locations included Sherway Gardens Mall in Etobicoke.


title: F/X

text: A preview screening in the San Fernando Valley produced some of the best statistics Orion Pictures had seen in some time. A week before its release, a film industry screening was very successful, as was its premiere at the United States Film Festival (later known as the Sundance Film Festival).


title: F/X

text: While "F/X" performed well at the box office, grossing over $20 million in North America (well over its $10 million budget), executives at Orion Pictures, which financed and distributed the film, felt that it could have performed even better with a different title. One executive claimed that no one understood what the title meant, but they accepted it because it was what the producers wanted. Wiener admitted that they thought that the two letters together would be "provocative" like "MASH" and admitted that they had made a mistake.


title: F/X

text: Vincent Canby praised the look of the film in his review for "The New York Times", writing, "the movie, which looks as if it had been made on an A-picture budget, has a lot of the zest one associates with special-effects-filled B-pictures". Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four: In his review for "The Globe and Mail", Jay Scott wrote, ""F/X" is simply out to give a good time, which it does superbly". Paul Attanasio in his review for "The Washington Post" praised Brian Dennehy's performance: In his review for "The Sunday Times", George Perry praised the film's premise as a "nice idea, but the effects themselves are merely ingenious when they might have been spectacular". Sheila Benson wrote in her review for the "Los Angeles Times":


title: F/X

text: "F/X" holds an 89% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 27 critics. The site's consensus states; "Smart, twisty, and perfectly cast, the effects-assisted neo-noir "F/X" reminds viewers that a well-told story is the most special effect of all."


title: 1982 European Cup Final

text: The 1982 European Cup Final was played on 26 May 1982. Football League winners Aston Villa defeated Bundesliga winners Bayern Munich 1–0 at De Kuip in Rotterdam, Netherlands to win the European Cup for the first time, and continue the streak of English teams winning the competition, being the sixth consecutive victory by an English side.


title: 1982 European Cup Final

text: After 10 minutes, goalkeeper Jimmy Rimmer suffered a repeat of a recurring shoulder injury. His replacement, Nigel Spink, subsequently made his second first team appearance for the club. His performance in helping prevent Bayern from scoring throughout the match was subsequently highly praised, and is seen by many as the making of a player who would be Villa's first choice goalkeeper for the following 10 seasons.


title: 1982 European Cup Final

text: Bayern Munich did find the net with three minutes of play remaining, although the goal was ruled offside. Villa also got the ball in the net for a second time a few seconds before the end of the match but this goal was also disallowed.


title: 1982 European Cup Final

text: Brian Moore's commentary of the winning goal is displayed on a giant banner across the North Stand of Villa Park:


title: 1982 European Cup Final

text: As defending European champions, Villa were invited into the European Cup, European Super Cup and the Intercontinental Cup for the following season. Their defence of the European Cup ended in a quarter-final defeat to a Juventus. They beat Barcelona 3–1 on aggregate to win the Super Cup, but lost 2–0 to Uruguayan club Peñarol for the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Japan.


title: Fedmyster

text: Federico Michael Gaytan (born August 7, 1995), better known as Fedmyster (stylized in all caps), is an American Twitch streamer and YouTuber. He is best known for his gaming and IRL live streams on Twitch. He is a former member of OfflineTV, an online social entertainment group of content creators.


title: Fedmyster

text: Gaytan was born in 1995 to Mexican American parents. He grew up with a brother in the Los Angeles area and attended the University of California, Santa Cruz.


title: Fedmyster

text: Gaytan was a full-time video editor and YouTube Manager for content creator Christian "IWDominate" Rivera, a former pro player for Team Liquid. He stopped editing for Rivera when he was invited to join OfflineTV as an editor in June 2017. He would later solely direct, produce, and manage all of their content. On July 8, 2017, he published his first YouTube video with the group, where he was formally introduced as the group's editor. He was named as talent in January 2018 and was added to the OfflineTV streamer roster.


title: Fedmyster

text: Gaytan began his streaming career in early January 2018, after transitioning from being the editor for OfflineTV. In the same year, his Twitch emote called "Fed7" had been used a reported 431 million times in three months, making it the most popular emote on the site at that time.


title: Fedmyster

text: Gaytan has been banned by Twitch on several occasions since he began streaming. His first ban occurred on November 28, 2017, where he was banned for photoshopping cleavage onto pictures of his roommates Imane "Pokimane" Anys and Lily "LilyPichu" Ki for a YouTube video thumbnail. The ban lasted 24 hours. He was banned a second time in May 2018 after he filmed a business card with personal information during an IRL stream. This ban lasted three days. Gaytan received another ban in July 2018 after a racist donation message was read out on his broadcast via text-to-speech software. The duration of this third ban was seven days.


title: Fedmyster

text: A fourth ban followed in April 2019, over a week after an intoxicated Gaytan had damaged a vending kiosk during a live stream in Tokyo, Japan. He received and served a 14-day ban for destruction of property.


title: Fedmyster

text: FEDMYSTER2 was temporarily banned on May 1, 2020, after Gaytan accidentally showed a glimpse of a partially nude picture of Twitch streamer Natalia "Alinity" Mogollon while scrolling on Twitter. The ban, originally set for three days, was overturned after Gaytan appealed it to Twitch staff.


title: Fedmyster

text: On May 8, 2020, Gaytan's Twitch emote "FedSimp", his portrayal of the Internet slang term simp, was taken down on the grounds of targeted harassment and bullying. Although he claimed, "My community never used it with ill intent," and, "It was mostly banter and, in some cases, a compliment. Really unfortunate... One of my favorite emotes," the spamming of this emote on another streamer's channel led to it being taken down.


title: Fedmyster

text: In April 2022, Gaytan's main Twitch channel was banned for eight days following a hack during which those responsible advertised a cryptocurrency scam. Other targets of the hackers included his YouTube channel and those of the late Reckful, former esports athlete super and "Fortnite" players Vermax and McCreamy.


title: Fedmyster

text: On June 27, 2020, fellow OfflineTV members Yvonne "yvonnie" Ng and Ki came forward with sexual misconduct allegations involving Gaytan. Ng stated that on two separate instances, Gaytan would enter her room uninvited, lay down on her bed, and begin inappropriately touching her. Ki stated that Gaytan would also enter her room uninvited and make inappropriate advances on her. These allegations resulted in Gaytan's immediate removal from the group. The situation was further elaborated on by Anys, wherein she discussed that he had also made advances on her personal life and fueled growing distrust between the two. Anys also conveyed how the situation with Gaytan contributed the most to her leaving the OfflineTV house. In addition, she outlined how a group of eight other close female friends of OfflineTV, along with members of the group itself, had an intervention with Gaytan, where each relayed specific instances where he had made them feel uncomfortable. She mentioned that while he had seemed extremely apologetic during the intervention, immediately following it he began to contact others not involved, saying that the situation was exaggerated and that he was not at fault. CNN called this situation "one of [the] biggest #MeToo moments" of the gaming world.


title: Fedmyster

text: On November 24, 2020, a 25-page statement by Gaytan titled "my truth" was leaked, which alleged that much of the situation was exaggerated to form a false narrative against him. Gaytan specifically cited a story where Anys claimed that he had attempted to have Ng fired after she refused advances from him; he refuted this allegation and instead claimed that Anys had wanted to fire Ng much earlier as conveyed in text messages presented in the statement. Anys addressed the leaked document on stream the next day by reading and responding to each section, conveying the situation in her point of view, but stressing that neither had ill will for the other. Gaytan later responded to the leak by stating that the statement was made months ago and that although they disagreed on some aspects, they eventually decided to keep it hidden and move on, and that the statement being leaked was unintentional and undesired for both of them.


title: Lovebites (band)

text: Lovebites (stylized as LOVEBITES) is a Japanese heavy metal band, formed in 2016 by former Destrose members Miho and Haruna. Its lineup currently consists of Haruna on drums, Midori and Miyako on guitar, Asami on vocals, and Fami on bass. After signing to Victor Entertainment, the group released both their debut EP and their first album in 2017, "The Lovebites EP" and "Awakening from Abyss", before performing their first overseas concerts at the end of the year. With another EP and album released in 2018, "Battle Against Damnation" and "Clockwork Immortality", Lovebites quickly garnered international attention and won that year's Metal Hammer Golden Gods Award for Best New Band. They released their third album, "Electric Pentagram", in 2020, and it reached number 9 on the Oricon chart, becoming their highest-charting to date. After releasing the EP "Glory, Glory, to the World" in March 2021, bassist Miho left the band in August and Lovebites began a temporary hiatus.


title: Lovebites (band)

text: Lovebites was formed in Tokyo in 2016 by bassist Miho and drummer Haruna. The two met while members of Destrose, another all-female metal band that disbanded in 2015. After recruiting guitarist Midori and support guitarist and keyboardist Miyako (then known as Mi-Ya), the four chose vocalist Asami based on a demo she made. Midori was in the band Gekijo Metalicche, Miyako was a member of A Drop of Joker and 21g, while Asami was a backup singer for Vamps and Uverworld. During one rehearsal, the musicians performed "Love Bites (So Do I)" by Halestorm. Feeling that the song fit well with Asami's voice, it left an impression on all of the members and they chose Lovebites as the name for their new band. They had their first concert on November 18, 2016, at Tsutaya O-West as part of the Girls Band Next Generation event. For the show, they were supported by third guitarist Sena.