title: Marko Marin

text: Marin made his competitive debut for Chelsea in a League Cup match against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 25 September, coming on as a substitute as Chelsea cruised to a 6–0 victory. He made his Premier League debut on 28 November, replacing Eden Hazard in the 82nd minute of a 0–0 draw in the West London derby at home to Fulham. On 2 January 2013, Marin made his first start for Chelsea in a 0–1 loss to local rivals Queens Park Rangers. On 9 February 2013, Marin scored his first Premier League goal for Chelsea, coming on in the 91st minute and scoring on his first touch with a header in the 92nd minute; as a substitute in a 4–1 home victory over Wigan Athletic.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 28 June 2013, Chelsea confirmed that they had reached an agreement for the season-long loan of Marin to Sevilla, subject to the completion of legal documentation and a medical. Marin scored his first goal for Sevilla in a 3–1 friendly win over Manchester United during Rio Ferdinand's testimonial. He netted two goals in Sevilla's first-leg Europa League play-off tie against Śląsk Wrocław, a 4–1 home win on 22 August. Marin started on the bench in the Europa final, coming on late in the second half, and then substituted in extra-time as Sevilla beat Benfica 4–2 in penalties. With this win, Marin won the Europa League in back to back seasons, winning it the year before with his home-club Chelsea.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 18 August 2014, Fiorentina confirmed that they had reached an agreement for the season-long loan of Marin from Chelsea with an option to buy. On 23 October, Marin made his début for Fiorentina in a Europa League match against PAOK. Marin scored his first goal for the Italian side on 27 November 2014, in a Europa League match against Guingamp. In the sixth minute, Marin was able to pick up Aquilani's pass and clipped home the opening goal, as Fiorentina edges out the French side in a 2–1 win. On 11 December 2014, Marin scored in a 2–1 loss against Dinamo Minsk.


title: Marko Marin

text: Although Marin was on the bench 12 times, he failed to make a single appearance in the league before ending his loan early in January.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 20 January 2015, after an unsuccessful loan spell at Fiorentina, Marin joined Anderlecht for the remainder of the season, with an option to buy at the end of the campaign. Five days after moving to Belgium, Marin made his debut coming off the bench, replacing Maxime Colin in the 75th minute in a 2–0 loss to Standard Liège. Marin was in the starting line-up of the Belgian Cup Final, although he was substituted in the second-half after suffering a hamstring injury as Anderlecht lost 2–1, with Lior Refaelov scoring a late volley.


title: Marko Marin

text: Anderlecht decided to pass on the option to buy Marin at the end of the season after he suffered a hamstring injury during the Belgium Cup final which ruled him out for several weeks.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 25 August 2015, Marin joined Trabzonspor on a season-long loan, with an option to buy. On 30 August, Marin made his début for Trabzonspor in a 2–2 draw against Akhisar Belediyespor coming on as a second-half substitute. On 26 September 2015, Marin scored his first goal with the Turkish side in a 3–1 loss against Osmanlıspor. On 15 February 2016, Marin scored in a 2–1 win over Kayserispor.


title: Marko Marin

text: In an interview with kicker, Marin showed his appreciation towards Chelsea for taking care of him since his move to London and also expressed no regrets with his move to Chelsea even though he acknowledge that his future is most likely going to be elsewhere.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 23 August 2016, Marin joined Greek side Olympiacos on a three-year deal. On 11 September 2016, Marin made his debut in a 6–1 victory against Veria. After being sidelined for about two months due to manager Paulo Bento not featuring him in his first-team plans, he returned to action on 5 January 2017, netting the winning goal in a 2–1 home comeback win over Asteras Tripolis.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 17 December 2017, thanks to an impressive long-range effort by the German attacking midfielder, Olympiacos won 1–0 against PAS Giannina. It was the sixth consecutive victory for team of experienced manager Takis Lemonis and the Reds climbed at first Super League position, with 32 points after 15 matches, one more than rivals AEK and PAOK. On 7 January 2018, he opened the score in a 3–0 away win game against AEL, helping his club to achieve the 7th successive win in his rally to gain the eighth consecutive title.


title: Marko Marin

text: After Red Star Belgrade qualified for the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League group stage (their first ever appearance in its current format), Marin signed a three-year contract with the club for an estimated transfer fee in the range of €700,000 and was registered in the last hour of the summer transfer window in Serbia. Marin scored a goal on his debut with Red Star on 15 September 2018, in a 6–0 home victory against Radnik Surdulica. Marin became the club's first ever goal scorer in the Champions League after giving Red Star a consolation goal in the 6–1 loss against PSG On 18 October 2018. Almost three weeks later, on 6 November 2018 to be exact, Marin was once again involved in Red Star's first ever Champions League campaign, this time by assisting Milan Pavkov's first goal in their historic 2–0 win against Liverpool. On 13 March 2019, Marin agreed to extend his contract with Red Star to the summer of 2021. Marin was voted MVP in the 2018–19 season and was also therefore included in the team of the season. Before the start of the 2019–20 season, Red Star's general director Zvezdan Terzić confirmed that Marin would become the new club captain.


title: Marko Marin

text: On 5 January 2020, Marin signed for the Saudi Arabian club, Al-Ahli a €6 million contract until the summer of 2022, for an estimated transfer fee in the range of €2.5 million.


title: Marko Marin

text: In September 2021, Marin transferred to Ferencváros. The Hungarian league became his ninth top-flight league (in the Serie A he didn't feature when on loan at Fiorentina) in his career which ended in 2022.


title: Marko Marin

text: In 2010, Marin stated that he never received a call from Bosnia and Herzegovina or Serbia, so he decided to play for Germany.


title: Marko Marin

text: In 2007, Marin also received a call up to his under-21 national squad and has since played on nine occasions. On 16 May 2008, it was announced that Marin would be included in senior squad coach Joachim Löw's provisional 26-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008. He did not, however, make the final 23. He made his debut on 27 May 2008 in a 2–2 draw against Belarus. Marin entered the game as a half-time substitution for Bastian Schweinsteiger. He was eventually cut from the final squad on 28 May 2008.


title: Marko Marin

text: In the same year, on 20 August, he made his second appearance for Germany and scored his first goal in a friendly match against Belgium. Marin is a German under-21 international football player, also picked for the European team in the Meridian Cup.


title: Marko Marin

text: Marin was included in Germany's provisional squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa announced in May 2010, and following a string of impressive performances in warm-up games (most of which he played as a substitute), was named in the final 23-man squad. He would go on to play twice at the World Cup in South Africa, both as a substitute in Germany's 4–0 win over Australia and in the subsequent 1–0 loss to Serbia. After disappointing performances, however, notably in the game against his native Serbia, Marin was not selected for any more games, as Germany finished third in the tournament. His final caps came late in this World Cup yeat 2010.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad NV, commonly known as Randstad and stylized as randstad, is a Dutch multinational human resource consulting firm headquartered in Diemen, Netherlands. It was founded in the Netherlands in 1960 by Frits Goldschmeding and operates in around 39 countries. Randstad NV is listed as RAND on the AEX of Euronext Amsterdam. Founder Frits Goldschmeding is still the biggest shareholder. The company is named after the Randstad region of the Netherlands.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad specializes in human resource services for temporary and permanent jobs, including contract staffing of professionals and senior managers.


title: Randstad NV

text: In most of these countries, Randstad works according to a unit structure, whereby each unit consists of two consultants who are responsible for service provision to clients and selecting candidates. Randstad promotes these activities under two brand names: Randstad and Tempo Team.


title: Randstad NV

text: A separate division of Randstad focuses on recruiting supervisors, managers, professionals, interim specialists, and advisors. These people are deployed in temporary positions in middle and senior management, such as engineers, ICT specialists, or marketing & communication specialists.


title: Randstad NV

text: In a number of countries, Randstad also has operating companies that select managers for permanent placements in middle and senior management. HR Solutions also involves a number of services such as selection processes, HR consultancy, outplacement, and career support.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad operates under brands, including Randstad, Randstad Care, Tempo Team, Expectra, Ausy, and Yacht.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad was a sponsor of the English Formula 1 team Williams F1 from 2006 until 2017. In 2019, Randstad became the sponsor of the Italian Formula 1 team Scuderia Toro Rosso.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad was founded in 1960 by Frits Goldschmeding and Ger Daleboudt, who were both studying economics at the time at VU University Amsterdam. When Goldschmeding was supposed to write a thesis at the VU University Amsterdam his professor advised him to write a thesis on temporary employment, about which there was hardly any literature at the time. After completion of his thesis, Goldschmeding decided to turn the subject of his thesis into a company. The first flyers for the firm were typed in Goldschmeding's attic room in the student house on Sloterkade in Amsterdam. The agency was called ‘Uitzendbureau Amstelveen’.


title: Randstad NV

text: In the first years, Uitzendbureau Amstelveen mainly provided personnel for the insurance industry, banks and the health-care sector. The firm's first office was near the Vondelpark in Amsterdam.


title: Randstad NV

text: In 1963, the agency also opened branches in Leiden and Rotterdam and changed its name from 'Uitzendbureau Amstelveen’ to ‘Randstad Uitzendbureau'. At that time, Goldschmeding and Daleboudt were still sure that the Randstad (the urban area between Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague and Rotterdam) represented their total reach.


title: Randstad NV

text: From 1965, Randstad opened a branch in Brussels, in 1967, in London and in 1968 in Düsseldorf, Germany. France followed in 1973.


title: Randstad NV

text: After obtaining additional funding from AMRO Bank, in 1970, Randstad moved into a new head office on A.J. Ernstraat in Amsterdam, where administration of time sheets was centralized, and the company's first computer – the size of a large conference room – acquired to process them.


title: Randstad NV

text: As the number of temporary staffing agencies grew (e.g. ASB, Manpower Inc., Evro and Tempo-Team), temporary staffing agencies acquired a poor image. Part of the criticism was political; trade unions and left-wing parties wished the government to have greater control over the labor market and also over employment mediation. Unions were concerned that temporary staff had no rights, might earn more than permanent staff, that employers would replace permanent jobs by temporary ones, that only people who were relatively mobile got temporary jobs and that temporary staff would be given only dirty and heavy work. However, Randstad felt that it was finding jobs for people who would not otherwise be active on the labor market.


title: Randstad NV

text: The Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs struggled with the concept of temporary staffing agencies and introduced a series of restrictive measures, going so far as to stipulate that the agencies could not expand any further. Moreover, each temporary employee had to be regularly re-registered with the Ministry; nor were temporary staff allowed to earn more than permanent employees. The unintended effect was that the demand for temporary staff soared, due to the relatively low costs.


title: Randstad NV

text: In response, Randstad – together with ABU, an association that promoted the interests of temporary staffing agencies – initiated 22 court cases against the regulations. One result was the abolition of a regulation prohibiting expansion.


title: Randstad NV

text: While acquiring and serving clients on the one hand and selecting and placing temporary staff on the other were initially two different roles, Randstad decided to integrate them in one person, the consultant. At the time this was a unique development in the temporary staffing sector.


title: Randstad NV

text: In its early years, the company focused on supplying keypunch operators, typists, accountants, administrators, and secretaries. From 1973 it adopted a broader approach, dealing with all types of personnel, from medical to industrial.


title: Randstad NV

text: At the end of the 1970s, Randstad also had divisions for cleaning work and security. In 1978, Randstad Holding NV was therefore founded as a holding company to accommodate all the divisions. Randstad also moved to a bigger head office in Diemen in 1977.


title: Randstad NV

text: The period 1980–1990, started with a recession, and Randstad was forced to make 160 staff redundant. However, predicting correctly when the economy would recover, Randstad shifted its focus towards growth instead of cost reduction. Its competitor Tempo-Team was less successful in riding the recession and in late 1982, sought to be taken over by Randstad. Randstad maintained the brand name but differentiated the Tempo-Team brand by aiming at more experienced staff.


title: Randstad NV

text: The trade union FNV now recognized that the labor market needed flex workers and that for many people temporary work constituted a step towards a permanent job, and sought discussions. This resulted in 1986, in a Collective Labor Agreement (CLA) for permanent employees in the temporary staffing sector and in 1987, in a CLA for all temporary staff.


title: Randstad NV

text: From 1982, government policies became less hostile to temporary staffing agencies, recognizing that they could promote employment, and the rules were gradually relaxed. This was a major change for Randstad, its changed status being symbolized when during its 25th-anniversary celebrations, founder Goldschmeding received a Royal Honor.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad's turnover rose from 204 million euros in 1983, to 518 million euros in 1985. In 1988, Randstad embarked on a stock market flotation which took place on 5 June 1990. Initially, Randstad shares did not do as well as hoped, because the introductory price was set high. However, successful performance from 1991, caused the share price to rise.


title: Randstad NV

text: At the same time, Randstad gave more focus to internationalization. Around 1990, it was primarily a Dutch company; only a quarter of turnover was generated by international activities. On 1 April 1992, the firm acquired the Dutch temporary staffing agency Flex, which also had branches in Belgium and France. In the Netherlands, Werknet was acquired and integrated into Tempo-Team.


title: Randstad NV

text: A major goal was to establish the company in the United States. New board member Erik Vonk set up a small office in Atlanta and sought a suitable candidate for takeover. In 1993, the firm took over TempForce, a local agency with twelve offices in Atlanta. At the end of 1993, Randstad also acquired the U.S. agency Jane Jones Enterprises. By mid-1994 the firm had 32 branches in the U.S. generating a turnover of 30 million euros and deploying 5,500 flex workers every day, still small compared with Randstad’s turnover in the Netherlands of 909 million euros.


title: Randstad NV

text: Randstad became a sponsor in Atlanta of the 1996 Olympic Games, and supplied 16,000 temporary staff to the Games.


title: Randstad NV

text: On Friday 16 May 1998, at the age of 65, Frits Goldschmeding retired from the company he founded after 38 years. After a year's rest, Goldschmeding took his seat on the Supervisory Board. He was succeeded by Hans Zwarts, who embarked on more acquisitions. Temporary staffing chain Strategix was acquired in the United States, a company with 300 branches. In Switzerland, Life & Work was acquired, in Spain Tempo Grup and in Germany Time Power. However, these acquisitions and problems with integrating them into Randstad caused 2000 and 2001 profits, and the share price, to fall. Faced with these poor results, Zwarts resigned.


title: Randstad NV

text: In October 2001, Cleem Farla succeeded Hans Zwarts as CEO. His aims were to develop a better strategy for internationalization and substantially cut costs. His strategy was successful; in 2003, the net profit was 77.1 million euros, a 36% increase compared to 2002. However, in August 2002, Farla was diagnosed with a serious illness. Ben Noteboom temporarily stepped into his shoes, and definitively assumed his role on 1 March 2003.


title: Randstad NV

text: Internationally, the firm took over EmmayHR and Team4U in India and took its first steps in China. Randstad also entered the market in Portugal, Hungary, Turkey, Poland and Japan.


title: Randstad NV

text: In the year 2000, Randstad also launched the Randstad Award research conducted by a third party research company, ICMA, in 23 countries around the world including; US, UK, France, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Australia, and Singapore. The Randstad Award is based on the results of the largest employment survey into employer branding research across the world and designed to uncover how employers are perceived in the eyes of today’s job seekers.


title: Randstad NV

text: In 2019, according to Staffing Industry Analysts’ Largest Global Staffing Firms 2019 list Randstad become largest staffing and recruitment company in terms of revenue.


title: Randstad NV

text: On Monday 3 December 2007, Randstad and temporary staffing organization Vedior announced their merger. The firm had been eyeing Vedior for some time. The takeover moved both companies up to number two in the world (after Adecco). Vedior had a higher proportion of higher-margin, faster-growing professional staffing business than Randstad and Vedior operated in strategic markets in which Randstad had not yet established itself, such as Japan and Brazil.


title: Randstad NV

text: In 2010, Randstad celebrated its fiftieth anniversary, marked by the publication of the book "Randstad Mensenwerk" compiled by Professor Fred Emmer, professor emeritus at Leiden University. This book was internally distributed within the firm under the title 'Working on a dream'.


title: Randstad NV

text: In 2019, Google contracted with Randstad to collect data for its Pixel 4 facial recognition authentication feature. Google's stated goal with the project was to make the feature more inclusive by collecting facial data from people with dark skin, and those participating in the research were given a $5 gift certificate. However, the "New York Daily News" reported that Randstad project leaders allegedly directed its workers to maximize data collection by deceiving participants and targeting homeless people in Atlanta, Georgia. Randstad stated that, after hearing concerns about how information was presented to participants and obtaining consent, the project was temporarily suspended and project leaders were retrained. After the "Daily News" published its report, Google said it had shut down its field research and was investigating the allegations.


title: Randstad NV

text: In March 2011, Frits Goldschmeding (1933, Dutch), original founder of Randstad, resigned as vice chairman of the Supervisory Board. His last term ran from 2007 to 2011.


title: Battle of Nuremberg (2006 FIFA World Cup)

text: The Battle of Nuremberg (, ; also known as the Massacre of Nuremberg) is the nickname of a football match played in the round of 16 of the 2006 FIFA World Cup between Portugal and the Netherlands at the Frankenstadion in Nuremberg on 25 June 2006. Russian referee Valentin Ivanov issued a FIFA World Cup record four red cards and 16 yellow cards, setting a new record for cards shown at any FIFA-administered international tournament.


text: Portugal and the Netherlands had met at the semi-final stage of the previous major tournament, UEFA Euro 2004 held in Portugal, which had finished 2–1 to the host nation, but had not featured the same level of animosity between the players. A total of five Dutch and eleven Portuguese players who took some part in that fixture were also on the field in Nuremberg.


text: Mark van Bommel was booked in the second minute, and also before the goal Dutch defender Khalid Boulahrouz was booked for a foul, which injured Cristiano Ronaldo and would eventually force the substitution of Portugal's star winger before half time. Ronaldo left in tears, and proceeded to describe Boulahrouz's tackle as "clearly an intentional foul to get me injured." In the meantime, Maniche had been booked for a foul on Van Bommel after 19 minutes.


text: Shortly after the goal, Portugal's defensive midfielder Costinha slid into Dutch veteran Philip Cocu, receiving a yellow card. He was then the first to be sent off just before half time after being shown a second yellow card for a handball.


text: After Petit had been cautioned in the 50th minute, Giovanni van Bronckhorst and Luís Figo both received yellow cards, with Figo's coming as a result of a touchline melee with Mark Van Bommel during which Figo headbutted him. Portugal manager Luiz Felipe Scolari controversially gave his approval to this headbutt by stating after the match, "Jesus Christ may be able to turn the other cheek but Luís Figo isn't Jesus Christ."


text: Boulahrouz was sent off in the 63rd minute with a second caution after fouling Figo, which sparked a melee on the touch-line, involving Boulahrouz (who confronted Simão), André Ooijer and the Portuguese bench, necessitating the intervention of the fourth official Marco Rodríguez. Portugal's playmaker Deco roughly fouled Dutch defender John Heitinga and was booked; the Netherlands had not given the ball back after Portugal had cleared it into touch to allow a player to receive medical treatment, thus breaking one of football's gentlemen's agreements. In the ensuing brawl, Wesley Sneijder pushed Petit to the ground and was also cautioned. The Netherlands' Rafael van der Vaart received a yellow card, apparently for dissent.


text: After that, Portugal's goalkeeper Ricardo (presumably for time wasting) and left-back Nuno Valente (for a rough foul) were punished. Deco received his second caution and was dismissed in the 78th minute for delaying the restart after a free-kick was awarded. Cocu escaped a caution for wrestling Deco to the ground in his attempt to retrieve the ball. In the 88th minute, Simão drew the ire of the Dutch goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar, after the Portuguese player's leg made contact with Dutchman's in his attempt to score a goal, but the referee decided against taking any disciplinary action. In injury time, Van Bronckhorst was sent off for a second yellow card for a foul on Tiago.


text: A scene was shown on television footage during the match in which Boulahrouz, Deco, and Van Bronckhorst were sitting together on the sidelines after being sent off, the latter two having a discussion, both being teammates at Spanish club Barcelona. Commentator Gary Bloom referred to the scene as the "Bad boys' corner".


text: In the aftermath of the match, referee Ivanov was criticised by FIFA president Sepp Blatter, who suggested that Ivanov should have given himself a yellow card for his poor performance during the match. Blatter later regretted these words and promised to apologise officially. FIFA announced that Ivanov would referee no further matches in the tournament. Ivanov's father Valentin Ivanov defended his son, saying it had been FIFA's demand for referees to be tough on the players.


text: When Portugal faced England in the subsequent quarter-final, they were without the suspended Deco and Costinha. Portugal managed to reach the semi-finals. However, they had two players suspended for that match due to accumulated yellow cards, including the ones against the Netherlands.


text: The record for yellow cards in a World Cup game would be surpassed in 2022, when Antonio Mateu Lahoz issued a total of 18 yellow cards during the quarter-final match between the Netherlands and Argentina.


title: Mahé, India

text: Mahé, also known as Mayyazhi, is a small town in the Mahé district of the Puducherry Union Territory. It is situated at the mouth of the Mahé River and is surrounded by the State of Kerala. The Kannur District surrounds Mahé on three sides and Kozhikode District from one side.


title: Mahé, India

text: Formerly part of French India, Mahé now forms a municipality in Mahé district, one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry. Mahé has one representative in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly.


title: Mahé, India

text: The name "Mahé" derives from "Mayyazhi", the name given to the local river and region in the Malayalam language.The original spelling found on French documents from the early 1720s is "Mayé", with "Mahé" and "Mahié" also found on documents, maps and geographical dictionaries until the early 19th century when the spelling Mahé became the norm. Therefore, the belief that the name of the town was given in honour of Bertrand François Mahé de La Bourdonnais (1699–1753), whose later fame derived in good part from his association with India, including his capture of Mayé in 1741, is incorrect.


title: Mahé, India

text: Another claim that the spelling Mahé was officially adopted by the leader of the expedition that retook the city in 1726 in recognition of La Bourdonnais' role at the time is also unlikely. It is probable that the resemblance of Mayé, not to mention Mahé, with La Bourdonnais' family name prompted later generations to assume that the famous Frenchman was somehow directly or indirectly associated with the name to the town or the spelling of the name.


title: Mahé, India

text: Before the arrival of European trading companies to the Indian subcontinent, this area was part of Kolathu Nadu which comprised Tulunadu, Chirakkal and Kadathanadu. The French East India Company constructed a fort on the site of Mahé in 1724, in accordance with an accord concluded between André Mollandin and Raja Vazhunnavar of Vatakara three years earlier. In 1741, Mahé de La Bourdonnais retook the town after a short period of occupation by the Marathas.


title: Mahé, India

text: In 1761 the British captured Mahé, and the settlement was handed over to the Rajah of Kadathanadu. The British restored Mahé to the French as a part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris. In 1779, the Anglo-French war broke out, resulting in the French loss of Mahé. In 1783, the British agreed to restore to the French their settlements in India, and Mahé was handed over to the French in 1785.


title: Mahé, India

text: On the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793, a British force under James Hartley captured Mahé. In 1816 the British restored Mahé to the French as a part of the 1814 Treaty of Paris, after the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars. Mayyazhi remained under French jurisdiction as a small French colony, an enclave within British India, during the long span that began in 1816. After the independence of India the area continued to be French-ruled until 13 June 1954, when a long anti-colonial struggle culminated in its joining the Indian Union (see Causes for liberation of French colonies in India).


title: Mahé, India

text: After the French left, Mahé became a district of Puducherry Union Territory. The area of Mahé begins from Mayyazhi puzha in the north to Azhiyoor at the south. Mahé consists of Mahé town and Naluthara, which includes four villages: Pandakkal, Pallur, Chalakara and Chembra. The ruler of Kingdom of Mysore from the 1760s, Hyder Ali (ca 1722–1782), gifted Naluthara to the French as a token of appreciation for the assistance they provided in the war.


title: Mahé, India

text: Gandhians like I. K. Kumaran led the struggle for union with India in Mahé after Indian independence in 1947. The municipal office of the French administration was attacked on 21 October 1948 at 9:00 PM. The French national flag was removed and the Indian national flag hoisted on the municipal building ("Mairie" in French). On 26 October, a French navy ship anchored in Mahé and the French regained control of Mahé. The ship left Mahé on 31 October. Communists tried to capture Cherukallayi enclave in April 1954. Two Indians were killed during the struggle. The Indian flag was hoisted in the Naluthura enclave on 1 May. The freedom fighters conducted an embargo on Mahé from June that year. On 14 July 1954, the Mahajanasabha organized a march into Mahé, which was liberated on 16 July 1954.


title: Mahé, India

text: India census, Mahé had a population of 41,816, predominantly Malayalis. Males constitute 46.5% of the population with Females constituting the remaining 54.5%. Mahé has an average literacy rate of 97.87%; male and female literacy were 98.63% and 97.25%, respectively. Both the Sex ratio (1184 females per 1000 male) and the literacy rates in Mahe are relatively higher compared to the rest of the nation. The national Sex ratio is 940 females per male and the literacy rate is at 74.04 per cent.


title: Mahé, India

text: In Mahé, 10.89% of the population consists of children under six years of age. In 2011 census, Child sex ratio is 978 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 910 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data. In 2011, Children under 6 formed 10.89 percent of Mahe District compared to 11.34 percent of 2001. There was net decrease of 0.45 percent between 2011 and 2001.


title: Mahé, India

text: The share of Hindus in population is 66.8% (27,940) and Muslims are 30.7% (12,856) as per 2011 Census of India. Christians account for 2.29% (958) of the population


title: Mahé, India

text: The culture and geography of this area are like almost all of those in the Malabar Coast of Kerala. There are only very few French language speakers in the town (less than 100). Only few influences of French is left in the area. These are mostly reflected in architecture and few old buildings.


title: Mahé, India

text: The major festival of this region is Vishu, Onam and Eid. The major language is Malayalam. The population also includes Arabic speakers too. The major religion is Hinduism 66.8% of populace practice this.


title: Mahé, India

text: Mahé has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen "Am"), typical for the Kerala and Karnataka coast. There is a dry season from December to March, but the location on the windward side of the Western Ghats means that during the westerly monsoon season the region receives exceedingly heavy rainfall, reaching up to in July.


title: Mahé, India

text: Mahé's nearest airport is the recently commenced Kannur International Airport, Mattannur, at a distance of . The next nearest airport is the Calicut International Airport, Karipur, at a distance of .


title: Mahé, India

text: The nearest Railway Station is Mahe railway station, where a few local and express trains stop. The nearest major railway stations, where several long distance trains stop, are Thalassery, Kannur, Mangalore and Vatakara.


title: Mahé, India

text: There are a few Puducherry Road Transport Corporation buses that operate in Mahe. Otherwise bulk of Public transport is managed by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation, private buses based in Malabar and Auto rickshaws.


title: Mahé, India

text: Mahé Municipality is the seat of the local administration of Mahé. The Mahé municipal area comprises with one Assembly Constituency, i.e. Mahé. Municipal Council was not in existence with effect from 1978. Thereafter, the Regional Administrator or Regional Executive Officer used to exercise the power of the chairman and Vice-Chairman in the capacity of Special Officer of Mahé Municipal Council. Civic elections were held during 2006 after nearly 30 years. Based on the elections, the chairman and 15 councillors of Mahé Municipality were sworn in.


title: Mahé, India

text: Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College, Mahé, was established in the year 1970 by I K Kumaran. The Mahé Co-operative College of Teacher Education was established in 2005 and is part of the Mahé Co-operative Centre for Information Technology Ltd. Other institutions include Mahé Co-operative College of Higher Education & Technology, Mahé Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi Government Ayurveda College, Indira Gandhi Polytechnic College, Mahe and Rajiv Gandhi Govt Industrial Training Institute, Mahé.


title: Mahé, India

text: There are four Govt. Higher Secondary Schools, Three High Schools, Two Middle School and Eight Lower Primary Schools, functioning in Mahe. The Higher Secondary Schools are affiliated to the Board of Higher Secondary Education, Govt. of Kerala and High Schools to the Board of Secondary Education, Government of Kerala. Out of the three High Schools one is a French Medium, the examinations of which are conducted by the Deputy Director of French Education, Govt. of Puducherry.


title: Sean Casten

text: Sean Thomas Casten (born November 23, 1971) is an American businessman and politician serving as the U.S. representative for . The district covers portions of five counties in Chicago's western suburbs, including Wheaton, Palatine, and Barrington. He is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Sean Casten

text: Due to redistricting as a result of the 2020 United States census, Casten and fellow Democrat Marie Newman contended to represent the same district in the 2022 Democratic primary election. Casten defeated Newman in the primary election on June 28, 2022. He won the general election, beating the Republican nominee, Orland Park mayor Keith Pekau, on November 8, 2022.


title: Sean Casten

text: Born in Dublin, Ireland, to American parents, and raised in Hartsdale, New York, Casten earned a Bachelor of Arts in molecular biology and biochemistry from Middlebury College in 1993. He then worked for two years as a scientist at the Tufts University School of Medicine. In 1998, he earned a Master of Engineering Management and a Master of Science in biochemical engineering from the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten began his career working at consultancy Arthur D. Little, where he did fuel chain analyses for the company's chemical engineering group. From 2000 to 2007, he served as the president and CEO of Turbosteam Corporation, which converted emissions from power plants into energy.


title: Sean Casten

text: In 2007, Casten and his father, Tom Casten, founded Recycled Energy Development (RED). RED focused on recycling wasted energy and converting energy facilities to cleaner, more economic uses. RED attempted to make profitable use of waste heat capturing technology, an avenue of electricity generation that attracted interest from a number of startup companies looking to find a "breakthrough" in the technology. In 2015, an investor in RED sued the company, alleging mismanagement by Casten. Casten settled the lawsuit and sold the company in 2016; he said the allegations against him were untrue and were part of a hostile takeover attempt.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten was a founding chairman of the Northeast CHP Initiative. He participated in crafting the bill that became the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a program in the northeast United States that attempts to use market forces to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten announced his candidacy for the United States House of Representatives in in September 2017. He defeated six other contenders in the 2018 Democratic primary to become the party's nominee against six-term incumbent Republican Peter Roskam.


title: Sean Casten

text: This race was viewed as one that Democrats needed to win in order to regain control of the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time since the 2010 elections. Illinois's 6th congressional district supported Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton by about 7 percentage points in the 2016 presidential election. This was one of 25 GOP-held seats in the U.S. Representatives that Clinton carried in 2016; Democrats flipped 23 of them in 2018.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten was reelected in 2020, defeating former state legislator and gubernatorial primary candidate Jeanne Ives by seven points.


title: Sean Casten

text: In 2022, Casten faced fellow incumbent Democrat Marie Newman from in the Democratic primary. The 2022 reapportionment merged a large slice of Newman's district into Casten's district. Although it retained Casten's district number, it was geographically more Newman's district than Casten's. According to calculations by Daily Kos, Newman retained 41% of her constituents and Casten retained 23% of his. Nevertheless, Casten won the nomination.


title: Sean Casten

text: , Casten had voted in line with President Joe Biden's stated position 99% of the time during the 117th Congress.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten says his number one issue in Congress is energy policy and climate change. He is a member of the House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis. Of working with Congress on clean energy policy, Casten has said, "[T]he folks who really understand the energy system tend to be Republicans, and the folks who really understand environmental science tend to be Democrats. And there's a gap in talking to each other". "We have a PhD-level problem. And Congress is at a 6th-grade reading level", he has said.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten has introduced several bills related to energy policy, among them the Climate Risk Disclosure Act and the End Oil and Gas Subsidies Act. The Clean Industrial Technology Act of 2019 would have established a program to incentivize innovation in greenhouse gas emissions from manufacturing.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten is a sponsor of the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act. The bill would allow history books to go into more depth on African American struggles and set up a reparations commission for those with enslaved ancestors.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten voted for Ayanna Pressley's amendment to H.R. 1, the Voting Rights Act, which would lower the voting age to 16.


title: Sean Casten

text: Casten is an outspoken supporter of abortion rights. Following the "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization" decision, Casten voted for H.R.8296, the Women's Health Protection Act of 2022, which would protect a person's ability to end a pregnancy and a healthcare provider's ability to provide abortion services.


title: Sean Casten

text: On June 13, 2022, Casten's daughter Gwen died at the age of 17 from sudden cardiac arrest. According to Casten, his daughter had been in good health, and was fully vaccinated against COVID-19.


title: Glycogenesis

text: Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis, in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage. This process is activated during rest periods following the Cori cycle, in the liver, and also activated by insulin in response to high glucose levels.


title: Glycogenesis

text: One of the main forms of control is the varied phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. This is regulated by enzymes under the control of hormonal activity, which is in turn regulated by many factors. As such, there are many different possible effectors when compared to allosteric systems of regulation.


title: Glycogenesis

text: Glycogen phosphorylase is converted from its less active "b" form to an active "a" form by the enzyme phosphorylase kinase. This latter enzyme is itself activated by protein kinase A and deactivated by phosphoprotein phosphatase-1.


title: Glycogenesis

text: Protein kinase A itself is activated by the hormone adrenaline. Epinephrine binds to a receptor protein that activates adenylate cyclase. The latter enzyme causes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP; two molecules of cyclic AMP bind to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, which activates it allowing the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A to dissociate from the assembly and to phosphorylate other proteins.


title: Glycogenesis

text: Returning to glycogen phosphorylase, the less active "b" form can itself be activated without the conformational change. 5'AMP acts as an allosteric activator, whereas ATP is an inhibitor, as already seen with phosphofructokinase control, helping to change the rate of flux in response to energy demand.


title: Glycogenesis

text: Epinephrine not only activates glycogen phosphorylase but also inhibits glycogen synthase. This amplifies the effect of activating glycogen phosphorylase. This inhibition is achieved by a similar mechanism, as protein kinase A acts to phosphorylate the enzyme, which lowers activity. This is known as co-ordinate reciprocal control. Refer to glycolysis for further information of the regulation of glycogenesis.


title: Glycogenesis

text: Calcium ions or cyclic AMP (cAMP) act as secondary messengers. This is an example of negative control. The calcium ions activate phosphorylase kinase. This activates glycogen phosphorylase and inhibits glycogen synthase.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel "Through the Looking-Glass". She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1865), although the two are very different.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: With a motif of "Through the Looking-Glass" being a representation of the game of chess, the Red Queen could be viewed as an antagonist in the story as she is the queen for the side opposing Alice. Despite this, their initial encounter is a cordial one, with the Red Queen explaining the rules of chess concerning promotion—specifically that Alice is able to become a queen by starting out as a pawn and reaching the eighth square at the opposite end of the board. As a queen in the game of chess, the Red Queen is able to move swiftly and effortlessly.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: Later, in Chapter 9, the Red Queen appears with the White Queen, posing a series of typical Wonderland/Looking-Glass questions ("Divide a loaf by a knife: what's the answer to "that"?"), and then celebrating Alice's promotion from pawn to queen. When that celebration goes awry, Alice turns against the Red Queen, whom she "considers as the cause of all the mischief", and shakes her until the queen morphs into Alice's pet kitten. In doing this, Alice presents an end game, awakening from the dream world of the looking glass, by both realizing her hallucination and symbolically "taking" the Red Queen in order to checkmate the Red King.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The Red Queen is commonly mistaken for the Queen of Hearts from the story's predecessor, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". The two share the characteristics of being strict queens associated with the color red, while their personalities are very different. Carroll, in his lifetime, made the distinction between the two Queens by saying:


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The 1951 Walt Disney animated film "Alice in Wonderland" perpetuates the long-standing confusion between the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. In the film, the Queen of Hearts delivers several of the Red Queen's lines, notably "all the ways about here belong to me" which in the case of the Red Queen has a double meaning since as a chess piece she can move in any direction.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: In both "American McGee's Alice" and Tim Burton's film adaptation of the books, the two characters are combined. Jefferson Airplane's song "White Rabbit" contains the lyric "and the Red Queen's off with her head", despite the fact that "Off with her head!" as a repeated line is associated with the Queen of Hearts, not the Red Queen.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The 2010 live-action film "Alice in Wonderland", fashioned as a sequel to the novel, features Helena Bonham Carter as the Red Queen. Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased three times its original size on screen.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: Bonham Carter's character is a combination of the Red Queen, the Duchess and the Queen of Hearts. From the original Red Queen, this character gets only a relationship to the White Queen. Here the Red Queen is the elder sister of the White Queen, and is jealous of her sister, whom her subjects genuinely love.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: From the original John Tenniel illustrations of the Duchess, she gets a massive head in proportion to her body and a retinue of frog footmen. The White Queen theorizes that the movie's Red Queen has a tumor pressing against her brain, explaining both her large head and her deranged behaviour.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The irritable, snobbish mother of Alice's potential husband, cast as a corresponding villain in the "real world" also resembles the Queen of Hearts when she fumes about her gardeners planting white instead of red roses.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: After the Jabberwocky is slain by Alice, the Red Queen's army stops fighting and following her orders. The White Queen banishes the Red Queen to Outland where nobody is to say a word to her or show her any kindness. The Knave of Hearts is also banished and tries to kill the Red Queen only to be thwarted by the Mad Hatter. As the Red Queen and the Knave of Hearts are carried off to their exile, the Red Queen repeatedly shouts "He tried to kill me" while the Knave of Hearts begged for the White Queen to have him killed.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: In the video game adaptation of the film, she plays a minor role, first appearing as a mere illustration. She is not seen in person until near the end of the game, first playing croquet and beheading the hedgehogs she uses as balls whenever they miss their target at her castle, and then again both before and after the battle with the Jabberwocky.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: In the sequel of the 2010 film, the Red Queen returns as the main antagonist and Bonham Carter reprises her role. In the film, the Red Queen currently lives in a castle made with vegetation and other things in Outland where she is still exiled. The Red Queen is the love interest of Time and the two ally: If he will give to her the powerful chronosphere and kill Alice she will give to him his love and they will rule the universe. When Alice steals the chronosphere to save Tarrant, the Red Queen orders Time to find her and kill her. The Red Queen's true past is discovered when Alice travels in time: as a child, she was continually bullied by her sister and her parents treated her like she was nothing and her sister was their preferred; one day the Red Queen was accused of eating tarts when it was her sister who ate them. During the tart fiasco, the Red Queen would fall and crash her head into a grandfather's clock where her head expands turning her into a crazy and hating person. At the day of the coronation, the Red Queen believed that Tarrant was laughing about her large head. When her father says that her sister will become the queen of Underland, she swears a horrible revenge on Tarrant. During the climax, both Queens are taken back in time where the Queens witnessing the tart event causes a paradox. Once Wonderland was saved from destruction, the White Queen apologizes for lying about the tarts and the two sisters reconcile.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The Red Queen appears in "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland" (a spin-off to "Once Upon a Time") portrayed by Emma Rigby. She is a character distinct from the Queen of Hearts (Barbara Hershey), who was her tutor in magic. Like the Queen of Hearts and the Mad Hatter, the Red Queen is an émigré to Wonderland from the Enchanted Forest, having originally been a young woman named Anastasia, with whom Will Scarlet (the Knave of Hearts) was in love. The Red Queen featured as one of the show's main antagonists, alongside Jafar.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: Two characters from the manga/anime "Pandora Hearts" are based on the Red Queen, Alice and Lacie, though Lacie has more in common with the Red Queen than Alice, who also has connections with The Queen of Hearts.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The Red Queen is combined with the Queen of Hearts in the first game, "American McGee's Alice". The names are used interchangeably.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: However, in the second game, "Alice: Madness Returns", they are separated once more and the player meets the Queen of Hearts in her original form; the Red Queen is seen at the very beginning of the game as a flashback from Alice's memories of when The Red Queen reigned sovereign in Wonderland.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: In the third volume of "Shazam!", the Red Queen came from the Wozenderlands and is a member of the Monster Society of Evil. She was among its members imprisoned in the Dungeon of Eternity within the Monsterlands until Mister Mind instructed Doctor Sivana on how to free them. As Shazam fights a Mister Mind-controlled C.C. Batson, Red Queen and Scapegoat ask Mister Mind when they will get a turn. Mister Mind states that they will get their chance once the Magiclands are united. As the Monster Society of Evil continues their fight with the Shazam Family, Scapegoat noted to Red Queen that Black Adam was supposed to be part of the group as Red Queen states that Black Adam refused to follow Mister Mind while having plans to get revenge on Alice and Dorothy Gale. When Scapegoat mentions his plans to get revenge on Mayor Krunket, Superboy-Prime crashes the fight where he uses his fists to impale Scapegoat as he states to Red Queen that he's going to play around first before he gets serious. When Shazam defeats Mister Mind, the resulting magical energy knocked out the Red Queen and the rest of the Monster Society of Evil. The Monster Society of Evil was mentioned to have been remanded to Rock Falls Penitentiary where the Shazam Family built a special section to contain magical threats.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: The Red Queen is played by Anna Chancellor in the 2020 movie "Come Away." This version of the Red Queen is depicted as the imaginary counterpart to Eleanor Morrow, Alice's maternal aunt and the older sister of Alice's mother Rose (Angelina Jolie), whose imaginary counterpart is the Queen of Hearts.


title: Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)

text: In the "Resident Evil" series of video games and films the Red Queen is a self-aware computer system created to monitor and protect the Umbrella Corporation, an organisation dedicated to destroying almost all the human race as a method of dealing with ecological collapse. Its holographic avatar is modelled after Alicia, the young daughter of the original founder of the corporation.


title: Stumblin' In

text: "Stumblin' In" is a song written by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn, performed by Chris Norman and Suzi Quatro. Originally released as a standalone single, it was later added to some editions of the Quatro album "If You Knew Suzi..." It was Norman's first single as a solo artist.


title: Stumblin' In

text: The single peaked at number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1979. The song was Quatro's only U.S. top 40 hit and Norman's lone U.S. charting effort apart from his time with the band Smokie (where they charted three times while Norman was still a member). In the UK, where the song was also Norman's only chart hit as a solo artist, the disc hit the listing on 11 November 1978 and peaked at number 41 with eight weeks on the chart. It reached No. 11 on the Canada "RPM" Chart, but went to No. 1 on the Canada Adult Contemporary Chart.


title: Stumblin' In

text: In 2021, song was used in the Paul Thomas Anderson film, "Licorice Pizza". A year later, in 2022, "Stumblin' In" was featured in episode 3 of the Netflix drama "".


title: Stumblin' In

text: Namibian singer Nianell and South African singer Dozi recorded a version in 2009 on their cover duets album "It Takes Two".


title: Stumblin' In

text: In 1979, Al Bano and Romina Power made a cover version in French under the title "Et je suis à toì". German singers Bernd Clüver and Marion Maerz recorded a German version in the same year under the title "Schau mal herein (die Tasse Kaffee)".


title: Stumblin' In

text: There is also a Hungarian version under the title "A szerelem él" recorded by Csuka Mónika and Korda György with the "Express Együttes" in 1982.


title: Stumblin' In

text: Gry Meilstrup and Bernd Vonficht recorded a cover on their 1989 album "Moments in Love" as Bo Andersen and Bernie Gold.


title: Stumblin' In

text: In 1986, a Chinese version of the song entitled 埋葬爱情 was recorded as a duet by Taiwanese singer 方文琳 and Malaysian-born Singapore singer 巫启贤.


title: Stumblin' In

text: In 2010,the Bulgarian alternative and ska rock band Svetlio & the Legends recorded a cover of the song, entitled "Боли ме гъза" (Boli me guza/ My ass hurts) .


title: Don Zimmer

text: Donald William Zimmer (January 17, 1931 – June 4, 2014) was an American infielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). Zimmer was involved in professional baseball from 1949 until his death, a span of 65 years, across 8 decades.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers as an amateur free agent in 1949. He played in the major leagues with the Dodgers (1954–1959, 1963), Chicago Cubs (1960–1961), New York Mets (1962), Cincinnati Reds (1962), and Washington Senators (1963–1965). Shortly thereafter came a stint with the Toei Flyers of Nippon Professional Baseball in 1966.


title: Don Zimmer

text: In between, Zimmer saw action in all or parts of 18 minor league seasons spanning 1949–1967. He also played winter baseball with the Elefantes de Cienfuegos and the Tigres de Marianao of the Cuban League during the 1952–53 season, as well as for the 1954–55 Puerto Rican League champion Cangrejeros de Santurce en route to the 1955 Caribbean Series. Zimmer led his team to the Series title, topping all hitters with a .400 batting average (8-for-20), three home runs and a .950 slugging percentage, while claiming Most Valuable Player honors.


title: Don Zimmer

text: During a minor league game on July 7, 1953, Zimmer was struck in the head by a pitch from Jim Kirk and lost consciousness, and developed blood clots on his brain that required two operations. He woke up two weeks later, thinking that it was the day after the game where the incident took place. This eventually led to Major League Baseball adopting mandatory batting helmets as a safety measure to be used by players when at-bat.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Following his retirement as a player, Zimmer began his coaching career. He worked in Minor League Baseball, before coaching the Montreal Expos (1971), San Diego Padres (1972), Boston Red Sox (1974–76, 1992) New York Yankees (1983, 1986, 1996–2003), Cubs (1984–1986), San Francisco Giants (1987), Colorado Rockies (1993–1995), and Tampa Bay Devil Rays / Rays (2004–2014). He served as manager for the Padres (1972–73), Red Sox (1976–1980), Texas Rangers (1981–82), and Cubs (1988–1991).


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer was nicknamed "Zim", "Gerbil", and sometimes "Popeye" because of his facial resemblance to the cartoon character, In addition, he was dubbed "El Galleguito" (The little Galician) in Cuba as well as "El Soldadito" (The little soldier) in Mexico and Puerto Rico.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer began his career in 1949 with the Cambridge Dodgers of the Class-D Eastern Shore League. He then played with the Hornell Dodgers of the Class-D PONY League in 1950, the Elmira Pioneers of the Single-A Eastern League in 1951, the Mobile Bears of the Double-A Southern League in 1952, and the St. Paul Saints of the Triple-A American Association in 1953 and 1954. He made his major league debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1954. Zimmer's big league career lasted 12 seasons, almost exclusively as a utility infielder. Notably, he played for the 1955 World Series champion Brooklyn Dodgers, and with the 1962 New York Mets, who lost a record 120 games.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Immediately following his rookie season, Zimmer played winter ball in Puerto Rico, emerging as a dark horse 1955 Caribbean Series MVP on the heavy-hitting 1954–1955 Cangrejeros de Santurce club managed by Herman Franks. Nicknamed El Escuadrón del Pánico (lit. "The Panic Squad"), the team featured future Hall-of-Famers Willie Mays and Roberto Clemente, future All-Stars George Crowe and Sam Jones, local hero Luis Olmo, as well as Negro leagues stars Bob Thurman and Buster Clarkson. It was later described by Zimmer as "probably the best winter league baseball club ever assembled."


title: Don Zimmer

text: While with St. Paul in 1953, Zimmer nearly died after being hit in the temple with a pitch. He was not fully conscious for 13 days, during which holes were drilled in his skull to relieve the pressure of swelling. His vision was blurred, he could neither walk nor talk and his weight plunged from 170 to 124. He was told his career was finished at age 22; nonetheless, the following year Zimmer reached the Major Leagues.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer was beaned again in 1956 when a fastball thrown by Cincinnati Reds' pitcher Hal Jeffcoat broke his cheekbone and almost caused a detached retina but he persevered. Because of these injuries it was widely reported that he had a surgically implanted steel plate in his head. This was false, although the holes drilled in the surgeries following the 1953 beanball were later filled with four tantalum metal corkscrew-shaped "buttons."


title: Don Zimmer

text: In the major leagues, Zimmer remained with the Los Angeles Dodgers after their move west in 1958. In 1960, the Dodgers traded Zimmer to the Chicago Cubs for Johnny Goryl, Ron Perranoski, Lee Handley and $25,000. After the 1961 season, the expansion New York Mets chose Zimmer from the Cubs as the fifth pick in the premium phase of the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft, costing the Mets $125,000. In May 1962, the Mets traded Zimmer to the Cincinnati Reds for Cliff Cook and Bob Miller. He returned briefly to the Dodgers in 1963, when the Reds traded him to the Dodgers for Scott Breeden. The Washington Senators purchased Zimmer from the Dodgers in June 1963. The Senators released Zimmer after the 1965 season, and he played for the Toei Flyers of Nippon Professional Baseball in 1966.


title: Don Zimmer

text: In 12 seasons, Zimmer played 1,095 games. He compiled 773 hits, 91 home runs, 352 RBI, 45 stolen bases and a .235 batting average. He played in the World Series with the Dodgers in 1955 and 1959, and was selected to the National League All-Star team in 1961. Although he had a low career batting average, Zimmer was regarded as a fine infielder, willing to fill in at third base, shortstop, and second base. He also caught 33 games in his final season with Washington in 1965.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer served as a player-manager for the Cincinnati Reds with the Double-A Knoxville Smokies and Triple-A Buffalo Bisons in 1967. Zimmer ended his playing career after the 1967 season, and he managed the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians in 1968. In 1969, he left the Reds' organization for the expansion San Diego Padres, piloting the Class-A Key West Padres before moving up to the Triple-A Salt Lake City Bees in 1970.


title: Don Zimmer

text: In 1971, he joined the Montreal Expos as third-base coach, working under former Dodger Gene Mauch. He spent a year with Mauch, then returned to the Padres to take up a similar post for 1972. But after only 11 games, he was asked to replace Preston Gómez as San Diego's skipper on April 27. The promotion gave Zimmer, now 41, his first managerial job in the major leagues.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer compiled a 54–88 record for the remainder of , then posted a 60–102 mark in , each season finishing last in the National League West Division. The Padres' attendance woes caused the team's founding majority owner, C. Arnholdt Smith, to sell the club amidst rumors it might move to Washington, D.C. When new owner Ray Kroc bought the team, Zimmer and most of his coaching staff were dismissed.


title: Don Zimmer

text: He then was hired as the third-base coach for the Boston Red Sox, serving for 2½ seasons. Working under skipper Darrell Johnson, Zimmer's tenure included a memorable event during Game 6 of the 1975 World Series. Boston had the bases loaded and no one out in the home half of the ninth inning. The score was tied. A soft fly to left field was too shallow to score the winning run, but baserunner Denny Doyle thought Zimmer's shouts of "No! No! No!" were actually "Go! Go! Go!" He ran for home, and was thrown out at the plate. That play, and Dwight Evans' brilliant catch off Joe Morgan in extra innings, set up Carlton Fisk's classic, game-winning home run.


title: Don Zimmer

text: The 1976 Red Sox never got on track under Johnson, who was replaced by Zimmer as manager on July 19. He led them to a winning record, but a disappointing third-place finish in the AL East. The Red Sox would win more than 90 games in each of Zimmer's three full seasons (1977–1979) as manager, only the second time they had pulled off this feat since World War I. His 1978 team won 99 games, still the fourth-best record in franchise history.


title: Don Zimmer

text: However, he is best remembered among Red Sox fans for the team's dramatic collapse during the 1978 season. After leading the Yankees by as many as fourteen games, the Red Sox stumbled in August. By early September that lead was reduced to four games. That lead evaporated in a four-game series against the surging New York Yankees which is still known as "the Boston Massacre."


title: Don Zimmer

text: The Red Sox spent the last month of the season trading first place with the Yankees, forcing a one-game playoff on October 2. In that game, the Yankees took the lead permanently on a home run by Bucky Dent over Fenway Park's Green Monster.


title: Don Zimmer

text: During this stretch, Zimmer made several questionable personnel moves. He never got along with left-handed starting pitcher Bill "Spaceman" Lee. The feeling was mutual; Lee nicknamed Zimmer "The Gerbil." Zimmer's outright hatred of Lee ran so deep that he gave the starting assignment in the last game of the "Massacre" to rookie Bobby Sprowl, who had only been called up from Triple-A Pawtucket a few days earlier. Reportedly, Carl Yastrzemski pleaded with Zimmer to start Lee, who, along with Luis Tiant, had dominated the Yankees during their careers. (Lee, for example, won 12 out of 17 decisions against the Yankees in 10 years with Boston.) Sprowl allowed four walks, one hit and one run in the first inning before being pulled and made only three more major-league starts.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer also started Fisk, the team's longtime starting catcher, 154 times (out of a possible 162), a heavy workload for a catcher. Fisk complained of sore knees for much of this stretch and missed most of the next season with a sore arm. Finally, Zimmer kept third baseman Butch Hobson in the lineup, even though Hobson's elbow miseries (he had floating bone chips which he frequently rearranged before coming to the plate) made it impossible for him to hit for power or average, or throw accurately. Hobson made 18 errors during August and September 1978 (and a league-leading 43 errors for the season, resulting in an abysmal .899 fielding percentage). Finally, Zimmer called on Jack Brohamer to replace Hobson on September 23; with Brohamer at third, Boston won its last eight games of the regular season to force a tie with the Yankees, but the Red Sox lost the playoff game on home runs by Dent and Reggie Jackson.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer next managed the Texas Rangers. He spent less than two years in the job and his firing by owner Eddie Chiles was different. Zimmer was fired on a Monday but asked to remain on through Wednesday's game before being replaced by Darrell Johnson. When asked for the reason he fired Zimmer, Chiles said it was "something personal" but refused to elaborate further.


title: Don Zimmer

text: After Texas, Zimmer coached three stints with the Yankees (1983, 1986, 1996–2003), then coached for the San Francisco Giants in 1987. He served as third base coach for the Chicago Cubs from 1984 to 1986. Zimmer took over as manager of the Cubs in 1988. In 1989, he managed the Cubs to a division title and was named Manager of the Year. He was fired as Cubs manager during the 1991 season after a slow start. Later, he returned to Boston for one season as a coach (under manager Hobson) in 1992. Overall, Zimmer won 906 Major League games as a manager.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer was on the first coaching staff of the expansion Colorado Rockies in 1993, and coached until walking out, without telling manager Don Baylor, in the middle of a game in the 1995 season. He was unhappy that Baylor had become close to Art Howe, who was added to the Rockies coaching staff in 1995.


title: Don Zimmer

text: In 1996, he joined the Yankees as their bench coach for their run of four World Series titles. In 1999, Zimmer filled in for manager Joe Torre while he was recuperating from treatment for prostate cancer. Zimmer went 21–15 while guiding the Yankees during Torre's absence. (This record, however, is credited to Torre's managerial record.)


title: Don Zimmer

text: In 1999, Zimmer was hit by a sharply struck foul ball batted by Yankee second baseman Chuck Knoblauch. The next game, Zimmer wore an army helmet with the word "ZIM" painted on the side and the Yankees logo stenciled on the front, which was given to him by Michael Patti, a Madison Avenue advertising executive. This led to the installation of railed fencing in front of the dugouts at Yankee Stadium, which eventually became commonplace at all ballparks. Zimmer was involved in a brawl with Pedro Martínez in the 2003 American League Championship Series, when he ran at Martinez and Martinez threw him to the ground. Zimmer accepted responsibility for the altercation and was apologetic to his family and the Yankees organization but maintained that Martínez was "one of the most unprofessional players" he had ever known.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer was a senior advisor for the Tampa Bay Rays from 2004 to 2014. His role included assisting the team during spring training and during home games. Every year, Zimmer incremented his uniform number by one to match the number of years he has worked in baseball. During the 2014 season he wore #66. (In 2014, longtime Tampa Bay third base coach Tom Foley wore Zimmer's name and number on the back of his own uniform in tribute.) Zimmer often noted that every paycheck he'd ever gotten came from baseball, and that he never held a job in any other profession.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer wrote two books, "Zim: A Baseball Life", and "The Zen of Zim", that describe his life in baseball, as a player, manager, and coach.


title: Don Zimmer

text: From the 2008 season to his death, Zimmer was one of the last former Brooklyn Dodgers (along with pitchers Don Newcombe and Tommy Lasorda and announcer Vin Scully) still in baseball in some capacity. Zimmer also served as a member of the advisory board of the Baseball Assistance Team, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to helping former Major League, Minor League, and Negro league players through financial and medical difficulties.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father owned a wholesale fruit and vegetable company. At home plate before a night game in Elmira on August 16, 1951, Zimmer married Soot (Carol Jean Bauerle), whom he had started dating in 10th grade. Until his death in June 2014, they were still married and lived in Seminole, Florida. They had lived in the Tampa Bay Area since the late 1950s.


title: Don Zimmer

text: Zimmer's son Thomas is a scout with the San Francisco Giants. Zimmer also had a daughter, Donna, and four grandchildren. A grandson, Beau, works as a reporter at WTSP 10, St. Petersburg, Florida.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) is a manned submersible and a type of swimmer delivery vehicle used to deliver United States Navy SEALs and their equipment for special operations missions. It is also operated by the Royal Navy's Special Boat Service, which operates three SDVs.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The SDV, which has been in continuous service since 1983, is used primarily for covert or clandestine missions to denied access areas (either held by hostile forces or where military activity would draw notice and objection). It is generally deployed from the Dry Deck Shelter on a specially-modified attack or ballistic missile submarines, although it can also be launched from surface ships or land. It has seen combat in the Gulf War, Iraq War, and the US intervention in Somalia.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The SDV was intended to be replaced with the Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS), a larger, dry submersible that is often confused with the SDV. The SDV is flooded, and the swimmers ride exposed to the water, breathing from the vehicle's compressed air supply or using their own SCUBA gear, while the ASDS is dry inside and equipped with a full life support and air conditioning system. The ASDS was canceled in 2009 due to cost overruns and the loss of the prototype in a fire. The Navy currently plans to replace the SDV with the Shallow Water Combat Submersible (SWCS), which will be designated the Mark 11 SDV. The SWCS is expected to enter service in 2019.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The SDV program dates back to World War II. Initiated by the Office of Strategic Services Maritime Unit (OSS MU). A “submersible canoe” was invented by the Italians during World War I. The idea was successfully applied by the Italian Navy ("Regia Marina") also early in World War II. The official Italian name for their craft was "Siluro a Lenta Corsa" (SLC or "Slow-running torpedo"). The vehicle was then copied by the British when they discovered the Italian operations and called it the "Sleeping Beauty" or Motorised Submersible Canoe. It was employed by OSS MU during extensive training and exercises, but was never actually deployed for combat operations.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The same capability was adopted by the American Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) in 1947. The one-man submersible displayed little functional military potential. However, it substantiated and characterized the need for improved and expanded UDT capabilities. After the war, development continued in a garage-shop fashion by various UDT units, and included various "Marks" such as the Mark V, VI, and VII. Intermediate numbers were assigned to some vehicles that never made it off the shop floor. All were of flooded design.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The first SDV to be operationally deployed was the Mark VII, which entered service in June 1972 after being tested between 1967 and 1972. It could carry three SEALs plus a pilot sitting in compartments fore and aft. It had a hull made from fiberglass and non-ferrous metals to hinder detection and was powered by a silver-zinc battery attached to an electric motor. The Mark VIII SDV, the model that is still in use today, began to supplant the Mark VII starting in 1983.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The wet vehicle SDV program (officially named the Swimmer Delivery Vehicle, later re-designated the SEAL Delivery Vehicle after the Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Teams were renamed SEAL Delivery Vehicle Teams) currently centers on the Mark VIII Mod 1. The SDV was first developed in 1975 for use among UDT/SEAL teams. The early Mark 8 Mod 0 SDVs had a PRC104 UHF radio for use underwater. The newer model Mark 8 Mod 1 has a dual sliding canopy and quick release hatch.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: SDVs carry a pilot, co-pilot, and four person combat swimmer team and their equipment to and from maritime mission objectives on land or at sea. The pilot and co-pilot are often a part of the fighting team. The SDV is silver-zinc battery powered and equipped with propulsion, navigation, communication, and life-support equipment. The batteries directly power the electric motor that drives the single screw propeller. Because they are all electric, SDVs are extremely difficult to detect using passive sonar, and their small size makes them hard to detect using other means. The Mark 8 Mod 1 SDV can deliver four fully equipped SEALs to the mission area, be "parked" or loiter in the area, retrieve the SEALs, and then return to the launch site. The SEALs sit upright in the Mark 8, with the pilot and co-pilot/navigator facing forward and the other four facing aft. For air, the SEALs rely on their own air tanks or rebreathers, supplemented by compressed air tanks on the SDV. The crew and passenger compartment in the Mark 8 is small, cramped, and pitch black except for the dim lights of the instrument panel; SEALs describe riding in an SDV as like "being locked in a little black coffin deep under the water." A 2011 article reported that out of 2,600 SEALS roughly 230 are trained to operate the SDVs.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: SDVs are generally launched from a Dry Deck Shelter on the back of a submarine, although they can also be deployed from amphibious carriers and other surface ships equipped to launch and recover the SDV. SDVs are launched and recovered by surface ships using a crane. They can also be airdropped (unmanned) into an operational area from a C-130 Hercules airplane. Finally, the SDV can be launched from the shore.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: An SDV can be launched from one platform and recovered by another. demonstrated this capability during a multilateral exercise in the Mediterranean when it recovered and then launched another country's SDV.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The Mark 8 Mod 1 SDV is the only SDV officially in use by the US Navy and Royal Navy. It is an upgrade of the earlier Mark 8 Mod 0 SDV. The Mod 1 is quieter, faster, more efficient, and has a longer range than the Mod 0. Its updated electronics, materials, and battery and motor systems gives it twice the range and 1.5 times the speed of the Mod 0. Another advantage of the Mark 8 Mod 1 over its predecessor is that it is built from aluminium instead of plastic reinforced fiberglass, making its hull sturdier and roomier. The sturdier hull means that it can be deployed from CH-46 Sea Knight and CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters, although SDVs often break or explode when dropped in the water from a helicopter, making aerial deployments impractical and undesirable.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The Mark 8 Mod 1 SDV has an endurance of about eight to 12 hours, giving it a range of with a diving team or without. The main limiting factor on endurance is not batteries or breathing gas for the SEALs, but water temperature: humans can only spend so much time in cold water, even with wetsuits, before their blood pressure drops and they become dehydrated from losing blood volume and body fluids, respectively.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: Despite being a development of the Mark 8 SDV, the Mark 9 is a very different vehicle, designed for attacking surface ships rather than deploying SEAL teams on clandestine operations. Indeed, the Mark 9 and Mark 8 share very few common parts. The Mark 9 carries two SEALs, a pilot and a navigator, and two Mark 31 or Mark 37 torpedoes for standoff attacks against ships. These torpedoes can travel up to in a straight line, carry a warhead, and are capable of sinking ships as large as cruisers. In addition to torpedoes, the Mark 9 also carried limpet mines and satchel charges in a large cargo compartment aft of the pilot and co-pilot.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The Mark 9 is designed to clandestinely approach enemy vessels while submerged, surface to fire torpedoes, and then escape unnoticed. As such, its design incorporates stealth characteristics, including a lower profile and sonar absorbing materials. The Mark 9 SDV was intended to attack ships in shallow coastal waters that full-size submarines could not enter, and to draw attention of an enemy fleet away from the Mark 9's parent submarine. Though it proved very effective in exercises, the Mark 9 was retired starting in 1989 and was fully phased out of service by the mid-1990s due to manpower and budget constraints and because all of its capabilities save launching torpedoes were duplicated by the Mark 8.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The pilot and navigator operate the vehicle from a prone position and lay side by side. The prone position gave the Mark 9 a low profile and enabled it to operate in very shallow water, although SEALs reported that staying prone for the entire duration of an operation was uncomfortable.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The Mark 9's sleek profile and independent diving planes enabled it to be especially agile. It was also faster than the Mark 8, reaching speeds of , owing to its twin screw propellers and high-performance silver-zinc batteries. Its speed and agility led operators to compare it to flying a fighter jet or driving a sports car.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The SDV is used primarily for inserting SEALs for covert operations or for placing mines on ships. It is also used for underwater mapping and terrain exploration, location and recovery of lost or downed objects, and reconnaissance missions. It has been invaluable at deploying SEAL teams in clandestine missions, as it has enabled them to land on shores inaccessible to a larger submarine with a degree of stealth greater than that offered by small surface craft, helicopters, or other means. In exercises, the SDV has been found to excel at anti-shipping attacks, being able to attack targets in heavily-guarded fleets or docked at military bases and then slip away undetected. Additionally, it can carry larger limpet mines than those carried by a diver and has a much greater range than a diver, enabling attacks on larger and more distant enemy ships. However, the SDV is not without its weaknesses, namely its range, reliability, and mobility. The SDV's short range, which is contingent on sea state, water temperature, payload, and other factors, sometimes hinders operations. In one example, the Navy wanted to use an SDV to get a closer look at a Soviet ship anchored in a Cuban harbor upriver from the Caribbean Sea. The SDV could not have made the round trip to the Soviet vessel from an American ship outside of Cuba's territorial waters, so the mission had to be called off.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: Mark 8 SDVs saw combat during the First Gulf War, where they performed mine reconnaissance and demolition missions. In the Iraq War, Mark 8 SDVs were used to secure offshore oil and gas terminals. Several days before the beginning of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, two SDV teams were launched from Mark V Special Operations Craft in the Persian Gulf. Their objectives were the hydrographic reconnaissance of the Al Basrah (MABOT) and Khawr Al Amaya (KAAOT) Oil Terminals. After swimming under the terminals and securing their Mark 8 Mod 1s, the SDV SEALs spent several hours taking pictures and surveying Iraqi activity on both platforms before returning to their boats. On March 20, 2003, SEALs from SEAL Team 8 and 10 (31 SEALs, 2 Navy EOD, 1 USAF combat controller, and several Iraqi interpreters) moved to seize the MABOT oil terminal and KAAOT Oil Terminals, in part using SDVs. The terminals were quickly seized with no casualties, and explosives which were found on the terminals were made safe by Polish GROM operators.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: In 2003, SEALs using SEAL Delivery Vehicles swam ashore along the Somali coastline and emplaced covert surveillance cameras. Known as cardinals, the cameras were designed to watch likely target locations for wanted terrorists as al-Qaeda and its affiliates began to regroup in the country, however the cameras only took one image a day and captured very little.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: In American service, the SDV is deployed with SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 1 (SDVT-1), based in Pearl Harbor, and SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 2 (SDVT-2), based in Little Creek, Virginia. SDVT-1 operates on behalf of Central Command and Pacific Command in the Middle East and Indian and Pacific Oceans. SDVT-2 operates in the Atlantic and European Command and Southern Command, and is primarily focused on supporting the activities of the Sixth Fleet.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The SDV suffered from reliability concerns early in its lifespan. LCDR Doug Lowe, a member of SDV Team 1 in the 1980s, reported that his team's SDVs were operational less than 50 percent of the time. However, reliability improved with usage: LCDR Lowe later commanded SDV Team 2 in the 1990s and reported that his subs were ready more than 90 percent of the time.


title: SEAL Delivery Vehicle

text: The main failure of the SDV is its poor mobility. The SDV can only be effectively deployed from specially modified submarines and surface ships. Although it can be transported by C-130 airplanes, the relative scarcity of vessels capable of deploying an SDV limits its usage. Submarines are the preferred means of deployment, as enemies can see a surface ship deploying an SDV with a crane, further limiting the SDV's mobility and usage. Modifying a surface ship to launch and recover the SDV through an underwater door, like the Italian Navy had done for its human torpedoes in WWII, would have helped alleviate this problem.


title: Calcium phosphate

text: The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritious value and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate–collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP). Various calcium phosphate minerals are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication (over-enrichment with nutrients and minerals).


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: In Games Workshop's "Warhammer Fantasy" and "Warhammer 40,000" fictional universes, Chaos refers to parasitic entities which live in a different plane of reality known as "the Warp" or "Immaterium" in "Warhammer 40,000" and as the Realm of Chaos in "Warhammer Age of Sigmar". The term can refer to these warp entities and their influence, the servants and worshippers of these entities, or even the parallel universe in which these entities are supposed to reside. The most powerful of these warp entities are those known as the Chaos Gods, also sometimes referred to as the Dark Gods, Ruinous Powers, or the Powers of Chaos. Similarities exist between the Warhammer idea of Chaos and the concept of Chaos from Michael Moorcock's Elric saga, which also influenced D&D's alignment system. Further similarities can be seen with the godlike extradimensional Great Old Ones of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft's stories.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The first version of Realm of Chaos is a two-volume publication by Games Workshop concerning the forces of Chaos. The hardback books contain background material and rules for "Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay" (1st edition), "Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader" and "Warhammer Fantasy Battle" (3rd edition).


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: It consists of the 1988 book and the 1990 follow-up The Lost and the Damned. Each of the two volumes describe the background and associated rules for a pair of antagonistic Chaos gods but each also had material that was germane to Chaos in general in the game settings. Both were written by Rick Priestley, Bryan Ansell, Mike Brunton and Simon Forrest although many more people contributed material, both writings and illustrations. The cover art of "Slaves to Darkness" was painted by John Sibbick and "The Lost and the Damned" by Les Edwards. The process in sketching and designing the cover for "The Lost and the Damned" was investigated within the volume. This was not the case for "Slaves to Darkness".


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The second version of "Realm of Chaos" was a boxed set released in 1995 covering all of the rules for the Chaos armies (Beastmen, Warriors, and Daemons) in "Warhammer Fantasy". The box also contains the magic spell cards and items for the army.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: "Slaves to Darkness" features extensive descriptions of the gods Khorne and Slaanesh, complete with a pantheon of their Daemons and rules for including these in tabletop battles as demonic armies.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: It also features rules on the creation of Chaos Champions and their warbands, Daemon weapons, demonic possession and the Horus Heresy of "WH40K". To give flavour for the background and attributes of followers of Chaos it contained material such as a list of over 120 "Chaos Attributes" - mutations that the followers of Chaos were often afflicted by. This included some mutations that were advantageous, such as those that made the mutant extra strong or taller, and those that confer a disadvantage, such as ones that made the mutant small, weak or stupid. Other mutations were purely cosmetic, such as giving the mutant brightly coloured skin or eyes on stalks, whilst some mutations were clearly comical, such as one that gave the mutant a silly walk (possibly inspired by the Monty Python sketch The Ministry of Silly Walks) and even a mutation that bestowed the "gift" of uncontrollable flatulence.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: It introduced the Imperium's Daemonhunters of the Ordo Malleus and their associated Space Marine chapter - the Grey Knights.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The volume is also notable for having provided the first complete and coherent narrative of the Horus Heresy, an event which, albeit mentioned as the background justification of the internecine battles featured in the 1/300 scale boxed wargames Adeptus Titanicus and Space Marine, lacked a proper explanation in the "WH40K" milieu at large.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The Horus Heresy firmly locked the concept of chaos and demon influence in the SF universe of "WH40K" for good, establishing, as a consequence, that the "Realm of Chaos" was actually the Warpspace that interstellar farers had to traverse in order to defeat the relativistic distances involved in space voyage.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The link between the "Warhammer" and "Warhammer 40,000" worlds is explicitly stated in the first pages of the book.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: "The Lost and the Damned" covers the background material and Daemons for the other two major Chaos gods Tzeentch and Nurgle. In addition, it contains rules that allow players and game masters to create their own gods and appropriate Daemons. The additional section introduced important elements for "Warhammer 40,000", giving background on the early life of The Emperor as well as rules for the Sensei, immortal children the Emperor fathered during his thousands of years of life before he ascended the Golden Throne, who are champions of the cause of "good". The Sensei have since been written out of the "Warhammer 40,000" background, although an explanation for their extermination was given as an Easter egg of sorts in the third edition of the "Warhammer 40,000" rulebook.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: Both volumes also have army lists for Chaos armies and painting guides for miniature figures. They also introduce the idea of daemonic battles, which consist of armies formed primarily from daemons and other immortal followers of Chaos and fought within the realms of Chaos itself.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: Each was heavily illustrated and interspersed with many short stories related to Chaos. "The Lost and the Damned" featured the tale of the Horus Heresy's climax and an illustration of the Emperor's climactic battle with Horus.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The two books contained a significant amount of violence and sex (although the latter was implied rather than explicit), particularly "Slaves to Darkness", which featured Khorne, the god of violence and killing, and Slaanesh, god of pleasure and sensation. Though in the UK "Slaves to Darkness" carried the note "suggested for mature readers" on its cover, "The Lost and the Damned" did not. Labelling it as "mature content" was a guide for vendors as sales to minors was not legally restricted.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: "Slaves to Darkness" features grotesque illustrations by artists such as Ian Miller, Adrian Smith, John Blanche, Tony Ackland and Tony Hough. As the subject matter of the book focused on the gods of violence and pleasure, the illustrations were likewise violent or perverse. "The Lost and the Damned" featured much more toned down artwork, although some was reused from "Slaves to Darkness".


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: Games Workshop stopped publishing the books within a few years. It has been suggested that this was because, in the mid-1990s, Games Workshop began to try to appeal to younger gamers (hence diluting the mature content), rather than only to adults, and the explicit violence of the "Realm of Chaos" books was seemingly inappropriate for the younger market. Another suggestion is a more prosaic explanation: the "Warhammer Fantasy" game was revised and re-released in its fourth edition in 1992, an edition which rendered the rules in all the third edition supplements, including "Realm of Chaos", obsolete. "Warhammer 40,000" was revised along similar lines in 1993. The books are consequently quite rare, with "The Lost and the Damned" being much the rarer of the two. The reason for this is that a copy of "Slaves to Darkness" was required to use much of the material in "The Lost and the Damned", whereas the former book could be used on its own, and was also released two years earlier than its companion volume. Hence "Slaves to Darkness" was reprinted twice after its initial release whereas "The Lost and the Damned" received only a single print run. For more extended and deeper reference lore material on the nature of the Hordes of Chaos, the "Realm of Chaos" books have been replaced by the newer volume "The Liber Chaotica", published by Black Library Publishing.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: "Warhammer Fantasy," "Warhammer Age Of Sigmar," and "Warhammer 40,000" depict universes that are out of spiritual and emotional balance. The concept of Chaos Gods has been more or less integral to both ever since they were first conceived. The Chaos Gods in Warhammer are essentially deities worshipped and feared by various groups and that is what makes these groups followers of Chaos. In this idea there is evidently a strong influence from the English fantasy writer Michael Moorcock. Many different Chaos Gods were named in the various early miniature catalogues released by Citadel in the early eighties. But it was never clearly explained what the fictional pantheon looked like. The idea of "Four Great Powers of Chaos", i.e. Chaos Gods, was first introduced in the two "Realm of Chaos" sourcebooks released 1988 and 1990 respectively. To date these remain the original and amongst the most detailed pieces of work published by Games Workshop regarding Chaos. The Black Library "artbooks" of the "Liber Chaotica" series (released from 2001 to 2006) and Black Industries' Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay supplement, the "Tome of Corruption: Secrets from the Realm of Chaos" (published 2006) contain as much detail as the original Realms of Chaos sourcebooks (and, in the case of the Liber Chaotica, taken directly from the original books), but with the various additions and changes to the Chaos imagery that GW has introduced over the years – although these latter two books focus mainly upon Chaos as perceived through the Warhammer Fantasy imagery. A major factor in both universes about Chaos is that all four of the gods represent things that are good in moderation, but are taken to extremes. For example, Nurgle is the god of life, but the unrestrained, unwholesome life, such as a tumor or festering infection.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: The main four Chaos Gods appear in both "Warhammer 40,000" and "Warhammer Fantasy". The two settings are not actually related to each other despite their names, but in concept the Chaos Gods are similar in both.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: Khorne: the Chaos God of bloodlust, war, rage, blood, honour in battle, and skulls. Khorne's followers favour close combat and melee weapons, abhorring wizards (in "Warhammer Fantasy") or psykers (in "Warhammer 40,000"), considering them to be below a true warrior and gaining undue advantages from their spells. Khorne is also the god of courage and honor, but these trappings are, more often than not, eventually discarded in favor of the primary goal of killing. While he blesses his followers by granting them strength and martial prowess, Khorne does not truly care from what or whom the blood flows, so long as the blood continues to spill. His Dark Tongue name, "Kharneth", means Lord of Blood. Khorne is a god who rules from his Skull Throne, revelling in violence and murder. He always inspires his followers to great rage and bloodlust. People may pray to Khorne for great strength but usually end up serving him as a vessel of murder and violence. His material form is a mighty, humanoid being wearing brass armour and sitting atop an enormous throne of skulls, his face twisted in an unnaturally wide smile. His holy number is 8 and his main enemy god is Slaanesh. Those who worship Khorne are strong warriors seeking to earn his favor by slaying mighty beasts and slaughtering mass populations. His main daemons are the Bloodletters (his soldiers), Flesh Hounds (his beasts), and Juggernauts (his daemonic, metal-armoured steeds). They are led by massive Greater Daemons called Bloodthirsters. His realm is described to be a giant killing field with warriors constantly fighting and dying at his feet. His followers often use "Blood for the Blood God, skulls for the Skull Throne!" chanted once or repeatedly as their battle cry.


title: Chaos (Warhammer)

text: Tzeentch: the Chaos God of change, fate, ambition, planning and schemes, lies, politics, sorcery, mutation, hope, and knowledge. Tzeentch's followers are powerful sorcerers who prefer to channel the energies of the Winds of Magic ("Warhammer Fantasy"), or the Warp ("Warhammer 40,000") to kill opponents at a distance rather than get close to enemies or combat them directly. Tzeentch is also the god of progress and understanding, but these principles are abandoned in his plots and plans, his only goal to control and manipulate. Tzeentch may bless his followers with multiple eyes that can see into the next plane of reality, or with avian-like wings, but he still weaves even their fates into his great webs. Tzeentch's Dark Tongue name, "Tzeeneth", means Master of Change. Tzeentch is always scheming, his every action feeding into his great, winding plots and plans that only he can comprehend. Tzeentch controls and changes the fates of all and weaves them intricately into his devious web of manipulation and greed. People might pray for sight through lies and knowledge, but when Tzeentch listens, he always grants these wishes in twisted ways. He has no material form, as it constantly shifts and changes. His holy number is 9 and his main enemy god is Nurgle. Those who worship Tzeentch are sorcerers and magicians hungry for knowledge and pursuing a greater understanding of the universe. His main daemons are the Horrors (his soldiers), Flamers and Screamers (his beasts), and Discs (his flying, metal discs). They are led by avianoid Greater Daemons called Lords of Change. His realm is described as a crystalline maze that constantly shifts and distorts, leading people who enter it into unimaginable levels of madness. His followers do not normally use a battle cry, instead muttering about "the plans" during battle.