title: TorqueFlite

text: For standard-duty applications in smaller and lighter vehicles with six-cylinder or small V8 engines starting with the 1964-1/2 273, the compact "A904" (later "30RH") was introduced in 1960. This transmission used a torque converter. There was also a smaller version of this transmission used in the Dodge Colt/Plymouth Champ cars made by Mitsubishi in Japan. This smaller transmission used a torque converter. Note there are unique bellhousing bolt patterns for the Chrysler Slant-Six, small block V8 and AMC versions (both the six and V8s), including the obscure Chevrolet V8 bellhousing pattern when used with the Pontiac Iron Duke which was the base motor in some 1980-83 AMC and Jeep products (this bellhousing pattern is a rare find since transmission cores are usually sought after by drag racers building a Powerglide or TH200 derivative using THM2004R internals inclusive of a modified torque converter front face and/or torque converter adapter ring allowing the use of the TorqueFlite bolt pattern to a GM flexplate), and a GM 60 Degree V6 bolt pattern when used with the GM 2.8L LR2 of this transmission.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The "A998", later renamed "31RH" was a medium-duty, narrow or wide-ratio version of the small-frame A904 transmission for use with medium-power V8 engines and the 3.9 L V6 engine. It was equipped with four direct friction plates. This transmission differed from the A904 by having a reinforced case and internals. Narrow ratios are 2.45/1.45/1.00:1 and wide ratios are 2.74/1.55/1.00:1.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The "A999" (later renamed "32RH") was a heavier-duty, wide-ratio version of the small-frame A904 transmission for use with medium-power V8 engines and the 3.9 L V6 engine. It was equipped with five direct friction plates. These automatics had lower first and second gear ratios to allow the lower-powered engines to provide better acceleration without sacrificing highway fuel economy. Frequently used today in drag racing.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The "A500", later renamed "40RH" and "42RH" (hydraulic controlled governor pressure) and "40RE", "42RE", "44RE" (electronic controlled governor pressure, 1993-up), was an A904 derivative used in trucks and vans. Introduced in the 1988 model year on a limited basis, it was the first light-duty Chrysler four-speed automatic and was placed behind the 3.9 L and 5.2 L engines for light-duty purposes. Forward direct clutch drum (same as the A998) usually has a 4 friction disc pack - an A999 forward direct clutch drum with the 5 friction disc pack does interchange. A bolt in low/reverse overrun clutch assembly (shared with the A904 derivatives manufactured after 1988) uses a roller clutch which is shared with the GM THM200 and THM2004R. Much like the later production A904 with a wide ratio gear a double wrap low-reverse band is used. An extension housing mounted (New Process built) overdrive unit was bolted to the rear of the case to provide a total of four forward speeds; the extension housing and its internals interchange with the 46-48RH/RE (A518/618) - when overhauling the overdrive unit transmission rebuilders usually would use replacement parts from the A518/618 overdrive section since the A500 internals are light duty e.g. number of friction discs and thick pressure plates.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The overdrive housing (RWD/2WD) uses an output shaft yoke commonly shared with the A727 and its later derivatives except the A618/48RE. Electronic governor pressure was phased in during the middle of the 1993 model year where it was renamed as the A500SE - Jeep Grand Cherokees equipped with the 4.0L used the A500SE/42RE since the middle of the 1993 model year replacing the AW4. Oil pans used with the A500SE/42RE is similar in design to the one used in the A500 with a clearanced area for the shift solenoid. The pan and filter were updated during the 1998 model year with some Dodge applications which has a deeper oil pan and a redesigned oil filter which is held with 2 valvebody screws (the single oil port filter does interchange with the older A500 and A904 derivatives along with the oil pan). This transmission was replaced by the 42RLE in 2004.


title: TorqueFlite

text: In the late 1970s, Chrysler designed the "A404" TorqueFlite three-speed automatic transaxle for its front wheel drive Dodge Omni and Plymouth Horizon subcompact cars. This transaxle would be upgraded in the 1980s into the "A413" and "A670" units, which were progressively heavier-duty, for Chrysler's K-cars and their derivatives, including the minivans. The four-speed Ultradrive electronic four-speed automatic transaxle would eventually replace it, but the three-speed lasted for more than a decade after the 1989 debut of the four-speed unit.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The light-duty A404 was used with the smallest straight-4 engines from Chrysler, commonly the 1.7 L Volkswagen unit.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The A404 was strengthened to become the "A413" (later "31TH") in 1981. This was used with Chrysler's 2.2 and 2.5 L K-car engines. It was available both with and without a lockup torque converter.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The "A415" was developed for the 1.6 L Simca 1100 engine, but was not released for series production in the USA. It was used in Europe, on Talbot Simca, 1510 and Solara.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The "A470" was a strengthened version of the transaxle used with the 2.6 L "Mitsubishi Astron engine" in the K-cars from 1981 to 1985 and minivans from 1984 through 1987.


title: TorqueFlite

text: The highest-specification three-speed transaxle was the "A670". It was used with the 3.0 L "Mitsubishi" V6 engine in Chrysler's cars and minivans from 1987 to 2000.


title: Alcestis

text: Alcestis (; Ancient Greek: Ἄλκηστις, ') or Alceste"', was a princess in Greek mythology, known for her love of her husband. Her life story was told by pseudo-Apollodorus in his "Bibliotheca", and a version of her death and return from the dead was also popularized in Euripides's tragedy "Alcestis".


title: Alcestis

text: Alcestis was the fairest among the daughters of Pelias, king of Iolcus, and either Anaxibia or Phylomache. She was sister to Acastus, Pisidice, Pelopia and Hippothoe. Alcestis was the wife of Admetus by whom she bore a son, Eumelus, a participant in the siege of Troy, and a daughter, Perimele.


title: Alcestis

text: Many suitors appeared before King Pelias and tried to woo Alcestis when she came of age to marry. It was declared by her father that she would marry the first man to yoke a lion and a boar (or a bear in some cases) to a chariot. King Admetus was able to do this because he was helped by Apollo, who had been banished from Olympus for one year to serve as a shepherd to Admetus. With Apollo's help, Admetus completed the challenge set by King Pelias, and was allowed to marry Alcestis. But in a sacrifice after the wedding, Admetus forgot to make the required offering to Artemis, therefore when he opened the marriage chamber he found his bed full of coiled snakes. Admetus interpreted it a portent of an early death.


title: Alcestis

text: Apollo again helped the newlywed king, this time by making the Fates drunk, extracting from them a promise that if anyone would want to die instead of Admetus, they would allow it. And when the day of his death came near, no one volunteered, not even his elderly parents, but Alcestis came forward to die in place of her husband. As a token of his appreciation for Admetus' hospitality. Heracles rescued Alcestis from the underworld, shortly after fighting with Thanatos,


title: Spinning Gold

text: Spinning Gold is an upcoming American biographical drama film written and directed by Timothy Scott Bogart. It is based on the life of his father, Casablanca Records founder Neil Bogart.


title: Spinning Gold

text: Depicts the life and career of record producer and Casablanca Records founder Neil Bogart, who was credited with discovering many iconic musical acts such as Donna Summer, Kiss, Village People; and signing and pushing acts including Gladys Knight and the Pips and the Isley Brothers to greater heights.


title: Spinning Gold

text: The project was originally announced in September 2011, with Timothy Scott Bogart writing and directing the feature about his late father. Justin Timberlake was cast as Bogart. In October 2013, Spike Lee was in talks to direct the film. In January 2014, the film was delayed due to the Envision Entertainment scandal.


title: Spinning Gold

text: In June 2019, Deadline reported that Timothy Bogart would direct the film, with Jeremy Jordan now cast as Bogart, and Samuel L. Jackson, Kenan Thompson, Jason Isaacs and Jason Derulo amongst the extensive cast. Richard Dreyfuss and Sebastian Maniscalco were added to the cast in August.


title: Spinning Gold

text: In June 2021, new cast members were announced, including Wiz Khalifa replacing Jackson and newcomer Casey Likes playing Gene Simmons.


title: Spinning Gold

text: Filming began on July 16, 2019, in Montreal, with plans to wrap on September 20. On August 23, Canadian actors' union ACTRA issued a "Do Not Work" order forbidding its members from working on the film, alleging the producers were "unfair engagers for failure to meet payroll obligations." As of June 17, 2021, filming had begun in New Jersey.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Nautilus is the fictional submarine belonging to Captain Nemo featured in Jules Verne's novels "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" (1870) and "The Mysterious Island" (1874). Verne named the "Nautilus" after Robert Fulton's real-life submarine "Nautilus" (1800). For the design of the "Nautilus" Verne was inspired by the French Navy submarine "Plongeur", a model of which he had seen at the 1867 Exposition Universelle, three years before writing his novel.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: "Nautilus" is described by Verne as "a masterpiece containing masterpieces". It is designed and commanded by Captain Nemo. Electricity provided by sodium/mercury batteries (with the sodium provided by extraction from seawater) is the craft's primary power source for propulsion and other services. The energy needed to extract the sodium is provided by coal mined from the sea floor.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: "Nautilus" is double-hulled, and is further separated into water-tight compartments. Its top speed is . In Captain Nemo's own words:


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: "Nautilus" uses floodable tanks in order to adjust buoyancy and so control its depth. The pumps that evacuate these tanks of water are so powerful that they produce large jets of water when the vessel emerges rapidly from the surface of the water. This leads many early observers of "Nautilus" to believe that the vessel is some species of marine mammal, or perhaps a sea monster not yet known to science. To submerge deeply in a short time, "Nautilus" uses a technique called "hydroplaning", in which the vessel dives down at a steep angle.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: "Nautilus" supports a crew that gathers food from the sea. "Nautilus" includes a galley for preparing these foods, which includes a machine that makes drinking water from seawater through distillation. "Nautilus" is not able to refresh its air supply, so Captain Nemo designed it to do this by surfacing and exchanging stale air for fresh, much like a whale. "Nautilus" is capable of extended voyages without refueling or otherwise restocking supplies. Its maximum dive time is around five days.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Much of the ship is decorated to standards of luxury that are unequalled in a seagoing vessel of the time. These include a library containing about twelve thousand books, with boxed collections of valuable oceanic specimens. The library is also filled with expensive paintings and other works of art. "Nautilus" also features a lavish dining room and even an organ that Captain Nemo uses to entertain himself in the evening. By comparison, Nemo's personal quarters are very sparsely furnished, but do feature duplicates of the bridge instruments, so that the captain can keep track of the vessel without being present on the bridge. These amenities however, are only available to Nemo, Professor Aronnax, and his companions.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: From her attacks on ships, using a ramming prow to puncture target vessels below the waterline, the world thinks it a sea monster, but later identifies it as an underwater vessel capable of great destructive power, after "Abraham Lincoln" is attacked and Ned Land strikes the metallic surface of "Nautilus" with his harpoon.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Its parts are built to order by companies including Creusot and Cail & Co. in France, Pen & Co. and Laird's in England, Scott's in Scotland, Krupp in Prussia, the Motala workshops in Sweden, and Hart Bros. in the United States. Then they are assembled by Nemo's men on a desert island. "Nautilus" returned to this island, where Nemo later helped castaways in the novel "The Mysterious Island". After Nemo dies on board, the volcanic island erupts, entombing the Captain and "Nautilus" for eternity.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In 1998 the Jules Verne scholar William Butcher was the first to identify a possible link between the Birkenhead, England built CSS "Alabama" and Captain Nemo’s "Nautilus." The CSS "Alabama" was a warship built in secrecy for the Confederate States by Lairds shipyard of Birkenhead, England in the American Civil War. Butcher stated that "The Alabama, which claimed to have sunk 75 merchantmen, was destroyed by the Unionist Kearsarge off Cherbourg on 11th June 1864…. This battle has clear connections with Nemo’s final attack, also in the English Channel."


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Jules Verne had himself made a previous comparison between the Birkenhead built CSS "Alabama" and the "Nautilus" in a letter to his publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel in March 1869.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In September 2021 the Birkenhead born geography teacher John Lamb noted that both the hull of the fictional "Nautilus" and the hull of the real-life Confederate warship "CSS Alabama" had been built in secret at the Laird's shipyard in Birkenhead, lying opposite the port of Liverpool. Furthermore, both vessels had been completed on a ‘desert island’ - in the case of the "Alabama" on the Azores Island of Terceira


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In Jules Verne's "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas" (1869) Captain Nemo explains how he built the "Nautilus"… "Each of its components, Dr Aronnax, was sent to me from a different point on the globe via a forwarding address. …. the iron plates for its hull by Laird’s of Liverpool…. I set up my workshops on a small desert island in the middle of the ocean. There with my workmen, that is my good companions whom I instructed and trained, I completed our Nautilus."


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: According to the historian Stephen Fox, Captain Raphael Semmes had portraits of General Robert E Lee and the Confederate President Jefferson Davis on the cabin wall of the "CSS Alabama". In Jules Verne’s "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas", Captain Nemo has portraits of Abraham Lincoln and the radical abolitionist John Brown adorning the cabin walls of the "Nautilus". Raphael Semmes was a supporter of slavery while Captain Nemo is a militant antislaver.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: The two-year voyage of the "CSS Alabama" had covered a distance of approximately 75,000 miles which equates to just over 21,700 leagues in the "Nautilus" and Jules Verne may have chosen Captain Nemo’s motto of ‘Mobilis in Mobile’ (sometimes changed to Mobilis in Mobili) quite simply because the captain of the "CSS Alabama" – Raphael Semmes, was a part time lawyer from Mobile, Alabama.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In 1869 Captain Raphael Semmes released his American Civil War memoirs entitled "Memoirs of Service Afloat During the War Between the States". In the same year of 1869, Jules Verne released his classic novel "Twenty Thousand leagues Under the Seas" John Lamb catalogued the many similarities between the two books on his website "Jules Verne and the Heroes of Birkenhead" in August 2022.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: John Lamb hypothesized that to Jules Verne the "CSS Alabama" and Captain Nemo's "Nautilus" might essentially be one and the same and that the militant abolitionist Captain Nemo is the ‘alter ego’ of the pro slavery Raphael Semmes - i.e. the ‘opposite of oneself’


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In their respective books, "Memoirs Afloat During the War Between the States" (1869) and "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas" (1869), both Raphael Semmes and Jules Verne mention world shipping being alarmed by a destructive maritime force which is compared to a ‘sea monster’, in both books the monster is jeered at in the press and celebrated in song.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Raphael Semmes was denounced by Abraham Lincoln as a ‘pirate’ and a bounty put on his head by the U.S Navy Department of Admiral David Farragut. The fictional Captain Nemo is also denounced as a pirate in "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" and the "Nautilus" is chased by a warship called the USS "Abraham Lincoln", whose commander, a Captain Farragut offers a reward for the first sighting of the ‘sea monster’.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Both Raphael Semmes and Jules Verne talk about their respective vessels as being illuminated by an eerie light and slowly moving in circles around their ‘prey’. The CSS "Alabama" and the "Nautilus" both have a specialized recess in their hull, and a state-of-the-art water condenser on board to provide fresh water for their multinational crews.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Both the CSS "Alabama" and the "Nautilus" encounter an imaginary island, sail through a patch of white water, have an aversion for the coast of Brazil, but still pause to describe the fresh waters of the Amazon as they pour in to the sea.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Raphael Semmes seeks sanctuary for the CSS "Alabama" on the Brazilian volcanic island of Fernando de Noronha, where he takes on coal from his supply ship "Agrippina" whereas Captain Nemo seeks sanctuary for the "Nautilus" within the flooded crater of a secret volcanic island where his crew proceed to mine their own coal.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: On the respective voyages of both the CSS "Alabama" and the "Nautilus" an elaborate funeral is described in detail and both captains are visibly overcome with emotion. while both authors talk about a grave / mausoleum sealed up by coral over time.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Both Raphael Semmes and Captain Nemo describe the nature and the effects of the Gulf Stream in detail, both have a ‘museum of curiosities’ gathered on dingy trips, and while Raphael Semmes collects an Amazonian seed pod that looks like a Havanna cigar, Captain Nemo gives Doctor Aronnax a seaweed cigar which Doctor Aronnax mistakes for a Havanna cigar.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Both Raphael Semmes and Captain Nemo talk about sleeping sperm whales and highlight the dangers to right whales in venturing into the warm waters near the equator. Both Raphael Semmes and Captain Nemo kill a single albatross, sail through swarms of argonauts / nautilus, and refer to food that a Malay would cook.<ref name="gutenberg.org"/ </ref>


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Raphael Semmes claims a fully grown swordfish can pierce a ship’s wooden hull while Doctor Aronnax claims a giant Narwhal’s tusk can pierce a ship’s hull.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Both Raphael Semmes and Jules Verne describe the journey across the Indian Ocean as tedious to everyone but the natural historian, and then come across ships from the P and O Line. Both Raphael Semmes and Captain Nemo pride themselves on their good manners and hospitality, but both lament the passing of sail to be replaced by steam.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Whereas Raphael Semmes comments at length on the sinking of the Liverpool built Confederate commerce raider CSS "Florida" it is Captain Nemo and the "Nautilus" who come across the remains of a ship called the "Florida" (a Confederate link first identified by the Jules Verne scholar William Butcher in 1998).


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Both Raphael Semmes and Captain Nemo pay tribute to the oceanographer Matthew Fontaine Maury and comment on his fall from grace after the American Civil War. Whereas Captain Semmes compares the CSS "Alabama" to his wife Captain Nemo compares the "Nautilus" to himself. Raphael Semmes laments the loss of the British built CSS "Alabama" and its largely British crew as if it were the loss of his wife and children, whereas Captain Nemo laments the actual loss of his wife and children – killed by the British. Whereas Raphael Semmes states that India should never be free from British rule, Captain Nemo is later revealed to be an Indian who fought to be free from British rule.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In the 1874 sequel novel to "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" entitled "The Mysterious Island" Captain Nemo returns and is revealed as the rebel Indian Prince Dakkar a possible derivation of the Afrikaan CSS "Alabama" celebratory song "Daar Kom die Alibama" ('Here Comes the Alabama') whereby moving the letter 'k' two spaces to the left gives the phrase "Dakar om die Alibama".


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In November 2021, Alan Evans the Director of Regeneration and Place at Wirral Borough Council, endorsed the further claim of John Lamb that Jules Verne had set his sequel novel "The Mysterious Island" in Birkenhead and the Wirral Peninsula, so confirming that the "Nautilus" and Captain Nemo had indeed returned back to their spiritual home of Birkenhead - also the home port of the CSS "Alabama".


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Beside their original appearances in "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" and "The Mysterious Island", "Nautilus" and Captain Nemo have appeared in numerous other works.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In the 1954 film adaptation of the first novel and in "The Return of Captain Nemo", it is suggested that "Nautilus" is powered by nuclear energy (discovered by Nemo himself), and that Nemo uses the same energy to destroy Vulcania, "Nautilus"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s base island.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In the 1969 film "Captain Nemo and the Underwater City", "Nautilus" and its sister ship "Nautilus II" are depicted as industrialised stingray-like vessels, flattened with pronounced tumblehomes supporting rounded deckhouses. Each has a heavy girderwork tail, at the tip of which twin rudders and diving planes are mounted.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In Kevin J. Anderson's "", "Nautilus" appears as a real submarine, apparently cigar-shaped like the one from the novel, built by Nemo for the Ottoman Empire.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: In Stephen Norrington's "The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen", "Nautilus" appears as a real submarine that is white with silver embroidery.


title: Nautilus (fictional submarine)

text: Submarines feature in some other of Verne's works. In the 1896 novel "Facing the Flag", the pirate Ker Karraje uses an unnamed submarine that acts both as a tug to his schooner "Ebba" and for ramming and destroying ships which are the targets of his piracy. The same book also features HMS "Sword", a small Royal Navy experimental submarine which is sunk after a valiant but unequal struggle with the pirate submarine. In the book "The Master of the World", Robur's secondary vehicle, "Terror", is a strange flying machine with submarine, automobile and speedboat capabilities. It briefly eludes naval forces on the Great Lakes by diving.


title: Stephen Stucker

text: Stephen Stucker (July 2, 1947 – April 13, 1986) was an American actor, known for portrayals of bizarre, larger-than-life characters, notably the manic control-room worker Johnny in the early 1980s "Airplane!" movies and the crossdressing, rubber-penis-waving stenographer in the courtroom sequence of 1977's "The Kentucky Fried Movie".


title: Stephen Stucker

text: Stucker was born in Des Moines, Iowa. His family moved to Shaker Heights, Ohio, where he distinguished himself in school as a pianist and class clown.


title: Stephen Stucker

text: He made his screen debut co-starring in the 1975 comedic sexploitation film "Carnal Madness" as Bruce Wilson, a gay fashion designer who escapes from an insane asylum with two fellow inmates, fleeing to an all-girls school. He went on to perform in the 1977 earthquake-in-Los-Angeles comedy "Cracking Up", with Fred Willard, Michael McKean and Harry Shearer.


title: Stephen Stucker

text: Stucker was a scene-stealing member of the cast of the Madison, Wisconsin "Kentucky Fried Theater" sketch comedy troupe founded by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams and Jerry Zucker. In 1977 he appeared in the John Landis film "The Kentucky Fried Movie", based on the troupe's sketches. It led to his supporting role in the Zucker-Abrahams-Zucker comedy "Airplane!", which he reprised in "". For the first film, the writers gave Stucker the straight lines for his scenes and let him write his character's off-the-wall responses.


title: Stephen Stucker

text: In 1982 he had a guest role in a three-episode sequence in the TV series "Mork & Mindy" and, in 1983, had a small featured role in Landis' "Trading Places". In 1984, he had a co-starring role as the sex-obsessed psychiatrist Dr. Bender in the teen comedy film "Bad Manners" (aka: "Growing Pains").


title: Stephen Stucker

text: On July 12, 1984, Stucker was diagnosed with AIDS. He later publicly announced his illness the following year, making him one of the first actors to announce he was suffering from the disease. He had apparently suffered from cancer-related symptoms as early as 1979, prior to public knowledge of what AIDS was. In addition to having many short-term homosexual relationships, he claimed in a November 1985 interview that he was a former drug user who used needles, and had received blood transfusions.


title: Stephen Stucker

text: He died from AIDS-related complications in a Los Angeles hospital on April 13, 1986 at the age of 38. He is interred in the Chapel of the Chimes.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness, released in Japan as , is a role-playing video game, part of the "Pokémon" franchise, released for the GameCube. It is the successor of the GameCube game "Pokémon Colosseum". The game takes place in Orre, the setting of "Pokémon Colosseum"s adventure mode. All of the Game Boy Advance Pokémon games can connect to this game through trading and Battle Mode.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: The main focus of the game, like its predecessor, is to capture Shadow Pokémon and eject them. Shadow Pokémon are captured using the Snag Machine, as in "Pokémon Colosseum". In this game there are 83 different Shadow Pokémon to eject. Each Shadow Pokémon has a set of Shadow moves that it knows to give it more variety in combat, which is a significant change from "Pokémon Colosseum". Shadow moves can be either physical or special, which is the only type of move that was capable of this in Generation III. This changed once Generation IV brought physical and special moves for each type. These moves often have lower power than their non-Suspicious counterparts, but still inflict more damage due to being super effective. Their usefulness is also increased by not having to use PP when you use a move, as they can be used as often as needed within a single battle. If at some point in the game the player cannot catch a Shadow Pokémon, there is a second chance available: at random points throughout the game an antagonist, Miror B. will appear and have a Shadow Pokémon that the player was not able to catch. Once the player has obtained 82 of the Shadow Pokémon, Miror B. will appear one final time with the final obtainable Shadow Pokémon in the game.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Once a Shadow Pokémon is captured the player then has to purify it. There are two different ways of purifying Pokémon: one way is to use the Purification Chamber, and the other is to carry the Pokémon in the party just like in "Pokémon Colosseum". The Purification Chamber allows the player to place anywhere from 1 to 4 Pokémon in a circle and a Shadow Pokémon is placed in the center of this circle. Depending on the Pokémon that are placed in the circle the tempo will increase, which increases the speed of purifying the Shadow Pokémon. After that the Shadow Pokémon will be purified as the player walks around, and they will be notified when a Shadow Pokémon is ready to be purified. When the player carries the Pokémon in the party and battles with them, they will gain experience when they are purified. If the Purification Chamber is used then the Pokémon will not gain any experience, but with the Purification Chamber multiple Pokémon can be purified at the same time.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: The Mt. Battle area is an area that is accessible early on in the game and is a 100 trainer challenge. The 100 battles are split into 10 battles in 10 different zones with the trainers in each zone being stronger than the ones in the zone before. The tenth trainer in each zone is called the Area Leader, and after each Area Leader is defeated the player gets a specific number of pokecoupons. When the player defeats an Area Leader the first time the player gets a special item. At the front desk Mt. Battle the player can exchange their pokecoupons for certain prizes.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: One other new aspect to the game is that there are three different PokeSpots throughout the game. At these special locations the player can lay Poke snacks in the area to cause wild Pokémon to appear. At these 3 locations 9 different wild Pokémon can be captured and they can be traded for rare Pokémon.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: The story begins five years after the events of "Pokémon Colosseum" with the introduction of The Hero (named Michael by default) as the main protagonist. Michael talks to Professor Krane, his mother's boss, who introduces the concept of Shadow Pokémon, which are Pokémon whose hearts have been artificially closed. The criminal syndicate Team Cipher is creating and distributing them for their evil purposes. Krane also introduces the Snag Machine, which is used to capture Shadow Pokémon to purify. Krane entrusts Michael with the Snag Machine to capture these Shadow Pokémon and is given the Aura Reader (the eye piece) to identify them from normal Pokémon.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Shortly after this, Krane is kidnapped by Cipher agents. Michael goes after the Cipher Agents to rescue Krane, and soon is led on many adventures throughout Orre. He must defeat the Cipher Peons and Admins and rescue the shadow Pokémon to save Orre from the evil Cipher. At the end of the game, he must get to Citadark Isle and battle the main villain: Master Greevil, who, in the beginning of the game, was thinly disguised as an old rich man named Mr. Verich. After Michael defeats Greevil


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: and snags his shadow Pokémon, he must purify all of them, including the (seemingly) impossible to purify Shadow Lugia. After all of the Pokémon are purified, Michael returns home and puts down his snag machine, but he stores it safely in his room to be used if it is ever needed again.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: In March 2005, Nintendo of America executive Reggie Fils-Aimé said that "Pokémon XD" would be a new GameCube game, but not a sequel to "Colosseum". He said that the gameplay would be more similar to the Game Boy Advance role-playing video games "Pokémon Ruby" and "Sapphire".


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Japanese gaming magazines "Famitsu" and "CoroCoro Comic" later gave screenshots and information that revealed that the game would have 3D graphics similar to those of its predecessor, "Pokémon Colosseum". It was also revealed that the game would continue the inclusion of Shadow Pokémon and snagging from "Colosseum". Nothing of the plot was revealed, other than the fact that a black Shadow Lugia was said to play a large part in the story. It was also revealed that the player starts with an Eevee, and that the levels progress more closely to the main handheld series. The Eevee that you are given by default can evolve into any of five Pokémon, Vaporeon, Flareon, Jolteon, Umbreon, or Espeon. Towards the start of the game when the player must enter the parts shop, there is a man who will give you any of the five evolution-inducers: Sun Shard, Moon Shard, Water Stone, Fire Stone, or Thunder Stone.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Nintendo released two demos to promote the game. In the demo released to retail stores, the player goes through two battles where the player can snag three Shadow Pokémon. The second demo was playable on the "Pokémon Rocks America" tour.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: This game features two Sinnoh related Pokémon species from the Diamond and Pearl generation introduced in "", both of which evolve into previous species. They are Munchlax, which evolves into Snorlax, and Bonsly, which evolves into Sudowoodo. However, they cannot be obtained in the Advanced series titles, because they lack the Sinnoh Pokédex, although the player can temporarily use Bonsly during one minigame.


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: "Pokémon XD" received mixed to positive reviews, usually scoring 6–7 out of 10 (8.6 out of 10 was its highest score).


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: The game was commonly criticized for having a large amount of recycled material from the earlier "Pokémon Colosseum". This recycled material includes a number of reused areas, some recycled graphics and a modified engine. GameSpot commented that "not much has changed since the original".


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Another common complaint were the Poké Spot areas, regarded as very limited and small compared to "Ruby" and "Sapphire". While discussing the mixed quality of the "Pokémon" console games, Retronauts recalled it as an example. Gamepro magazine gave the game a mixed review, criticizing the gameplay being monotonous and lacking challenge. They also felt the game "doesn't have the pizazz for mature audiences," but gave praise for the game's flashy visual style of the Pokémon and their attacks, concluding “Gale of Darkness is not a terminally unplayable game by any stretch of the definition, but gamers are going to really have to love Pokémon in order to find gratification here.”


title: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

text: Like its predecessor, "Pokémon XD" was a commercial success, selling over 1 million units as of March 31, 2006.


title: Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

text: The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".


text: Introduced in Chapter Four ("Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill") and the main center of interest of Chapter V ("Advice from a Caterpillar"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly three inches high (a height, the virtues of which, he defends against Alice's complaint). Alice does not like the Caterpillar when they first meet, because he does not immediately talk to her and when he does, it is usually in short, rather rude sentences, or difficult questions.


text: The original illustration by John Tenniel is something of a visual paradox, wherein the caterpillar's human face appears to be formed from the head and legs of a naturalistic caterpillar.


text: His memorable phrase is a breathy "Whooo ... are ... you?". In the Disney animated film, this line is visualised as exhalations of smoke in the shapes "O", "R" and "U". Alice remarks in the original that the Caterpillar will one day turn into a butterfly, and in both the 1999 television film and Disney's 1951 version he does so in Alice's presence. He is voiced by Richard Haydn.


text: The Caterpillar in the Disney film is a blue creature who, as in the original Tenniel illustration, smokes a hookah. He is seen as a very forthright character as he yells at Alice quite often during the scenes in which they both appear. He blows smoke in Alice's face and when she needs assistance he ignores her. He is a quite mean character providing little to no assistance to Alice and ends up confusing her more while she is trapped in Wonderland. He then ignores her and turns into a butterfly and flutters away not caring whether or not Alice makes it out alive. He also instructs her to eat a mushroom but does not say what it does thus putting her into possible danger. He briefly appears during the second caucus race. He reappears one final time during the ending chase, still in butterfly form but once again smoking on his hookah, and again ignoring Alice when she asks for his help escaping the Queen of Hearts.


text: Alan Rickman voices the Caterpillar, who in this adaptation is named Absolem. Rickman was filmed while recording his voice in a studio, but his face was not composited onto the character's face as originally planned.


text: He appears five times in the movie. The first time is outside Wonderland, when a young man named Hamish Ascot is about to propose to Alice and she notices a blue caterpillar on his shoulder. The second time is when Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit, Tweedledum and Tweedledee, Mallymkun the Dormouse, and the Uilleam the Dodo consider Alice's identity, and they consult him. Absolem appears in a thick cloud of hookah smoke, which he blows at Alice. He appears again after Alice arrives at the White Queen's Castle, and again to remind Alice of her previous visit to Wonderland. He blows smoke at her twice this time, and Alice asks him to stop it. At the end of the movie, Absolem, as a butterfly, appears on Alice's shoulder as she sets off for China.


text: Rickman reprises the role in "Alice Through the Looking Glass" (2016), though he remains a butterfly, leading Alice to the looking-glass portal to Underland and informing her that matters require her urgent attention. He isn't seen again for the rest of the film but makes a cameo in the credits. This was also Rickman's final film performance and the film is dedicated in his memory.


title: Life After People

text: Life After People is a television series on which scientists, mechanical engineers, and other experts speculate about what might become of planet Earth if humanity suddenly disappeared. The featured experts also talk about the impact of human absence on the environment and the vestiges of civilization thus left behind. The series was preceded by a two-hour special that aired on January 21, 2008, on the History Channel which served as a de facto pilot for the series that premiered April 21, 2009. The documentary and subsequent series were both narrated by James Lurie.


title: Life After People

text: The program does not speculate on how humanity may disappear, stipulating only that it has, and that it has done so suddenly, leaving everything behind including household pets and livestock that have to fend for themselves. The thought experiment is based on documented results of the sudden removal of humans from a geographical area and thus, the discontinuation of the maintenance of buildings and urban infrastructure. Lurie's narration begins:


title: Life After People

text: The series' episodes thematically offer examples of urban and biological decay. The focus is on specific locations such as skyscrapers, religious icons, bridges and dams, and government buildings, and the fate of certain related objects, such as artifacts, documents and human bodies. The fate of some kinds of flora and fauna are covered as well. Each episode also contains a segment in which experts examine real locations that have been abandoned by people, including ghost towns and other sites of deterioration, where the deterioration has been caused by events similar to those outlined in the episode. Although the series speculates on the fates of landmarks around the world, the main focus is on situations that may occur at locations in the United States.


title: Life After People

text: The various events that may occur after people disappear suddenly are depicted using CGI dramatizations. The timeline of predicted events begins approximately one day after the disappearance of humankind and extends up to one hundred million years into the future (one day, one week, one year, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, 50 years, 100 years, 200 years, etc.).


title: Life After People

text: The two-hour special documentary had an audience of 5.4 million viewers and was the most watched program ever on the History Channel. The program was broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 and narrated by Struan Rodger on May 29, 2008 and in Australia on Channel Seven on November 25, 2008, edited down to air for 90 minutes, with narration by Australian television presenter Simon Reeve.


title: Tank gun

text: A tank gun is the main armament of a tank. Modern tank guns are high-velocity, large-caliber artilleries capable of firing kinetic energy penetrators, high-explosive anti-tank, and cannon-launched guided projectiles. Anti-aircraft guns can also be mounted to tanks.


title: Tank gun

text: As the tank's primary armament, they are almost always employed in a direct fire mode to defeat a variety of ground targets at all ranges, including dug-in infantry, lightly armored vehicles, and especially other heavily armored tanks. They must provide accuracy, range, penetration, and rapid fire in a package that is as compact and lightweight as possible, to allow mounting in the cramped confines of an armored gun turret. Tank guns generally use self-contained ammunition, allowing rapid loading (or use of an autoloader). They often display a bulge in the barrel, which is a bore evacuator, or a device on the muzzle, which is a muzzle brake.


title: Tank gun

text: The first tanks were used to break through trench defences in support of infantry actions particularly machine gun positions during the First World War and they were fitted with machine guns or high explosive firing guns of modest calibre. These were naval or field artillery pieces stripped from their carriages and mounted in sponsons or casemates on armored vehicles.


title: Tank gun

text: The early British Mark I tanks of 1916 used two naval 57 mm QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss mounted either side in sponsons. These guns proved too long for use in the British tank designs as they would come into contact with obstacles and the ground on uneven terrain, and the succeeding Mark IV tank of 1917 was equipped with the shortened 6 pounder 6 cwt version which can be considered the first specialised tank gun.


title: Tank gun

text: The first German tank, the A7V, used British-made 57 mm Maxim-Nordenfelt fortification guns captured from Belgium and Russia, mounted singly at the front.


title: Tank gun

text: The early French Schneider CA1 mounted a short 75 mm gun in a sponson on the right hand side, while the Saint-Chamond mounted a standard 75 mm field gun in the nose. The thin armour of the tanks meant that such weapons were effective against other vehicles, though the Germans fielded few tanks anyway and the Allied tanks concentrated on anti-infantry and infantry support activities.


title: Tank gun

text: This thinking remained pervasive into the dawn of World War II, when most tank guns were still modifications of existing artillery pieces, and were expected to primarily be used against unarmored targets. The larger caliber, shorter range artillery mounting did not go away however. Tanks intended specifically for infantry support (the infantry tanks), expected to take out emplacements and infantry concentrations, carried large calibre weapons to fire large high-explosive shells—though these could be quite effective against other vehicles at close ranges. In some designs - for example, M3 Lee, Churchill, Char B1 - the larger bore weapons were mounted within the tank hull while a second gun for use against tanks was fitted in a turret.


title: Tank gun

text: However, other strategists saw new roles for tanks in war, and wanted more specifically developed guns tailored to these missions. The ability to destroy enemy tanks was foremost on their minds. To this end, the emerging anti-tank gun designs were modified to fit tanks. These weapons fired smaller shells, but at higher velocities with higher accuracy, improving their performance against armor. Such light guns as the QF 2-pounder (40 mm) and 37 mm equipped British cruiser tanks and infantry tanks in the late 1930s. These weapons lacked a good high-explosive shell for attacking infantry and fortifications, but were effective against the light armor of the time.


title: Tank gun

text: World War II saw a leapfrog growth in all areas of military technology. Battlefield experience led to increasingly powerful weapons being adopted. Guns with calibres from 20 mm to 40 mm soon gave way to 50 mm, 75 mm, 85 mm, 88 mm, 90 mm, and 122 mm calibre. In 1939, the standard German "panzer" had either a 20 mm or 37 mm medium-velocity weapon, but by 1945 long-barrelled 75 mm and 88 mm high-velocity guns were common. The Soviets introduced their 122 mm in a turreted heavy tank series, the IS tanks. Shells were improved to provide better penetration with harder materials and scientific shaping. All of these meant improvements in accuracy and range, although the average tank had to grow as well to carry the ammunition, mounting, and protection for these powerful guns.


title: Tank gun

text: While high velocity tank guns were effective against other tanks, for the most part British tanks moved to a dual purpose 75 mm gun capable of firing a useful HE shell; later in the war adding 76mm 17pdr gun armed tanks for better antitank capability.


title: Tank gun

text: Many nations devised "tank destroyers" during the war - a vehicle specifically designed for anti-tank work, and armed more heavily than a tank on the same chassis could be. They generally fell into three overlapping categories: improvised modifications of old or captured tanks to render them viable again (such as converting the machine-gun-only Panzer I into the Panzerjäger I), often with haphazard, poorly protected, limited-traverse weapon mounts; the American offensive and mobile reserve model, which favoured lightly-armed open-top vehicles with a rotating turret and a powerful anti-tank-capable gun while relegating true tanks to infantry support role (exemplified by the M10 tank destroyer); and the casemate gun mount model, which often allowed the resultant vehicle to be hard to hit and have a well-sloped and heavily armoured glacis plate (for instance, the SU-100). The relative superiority in armament of tank destroyers was only relative, however: for instance, the SU-85 was a casemate-type TD on the T-34 chassis that was rendered obsolete once the basic T-34 switched from the 76 mm gun to the same 85 mm cannon, producing the T-34-85.


title: Tank gun

text: By the end of the war the variety in tank designs was narrowed and the concept of the main battle tank emerged. After World War II, the race to increase caliber slowed. Slight increases were made between tank generations. In the West, guns of around 90 mm gave way to the ubiquitous 105 mm L7. This lasted a long while with a shift to 120 mm in the late 1970s and early 80s (the UK changed in the late 60s with their Chieftain tank). In the East, the 85 mm quickly yielded to the 100 mm and 115 mm U-5TS gun, with the 125 mm caliber now standard. Most of the improvements were instead made in ammunition and fire control systems.


title: Tank gun

text: With kinetic energy penetrator rounds, solid shot and armour-piercing shell gave way to armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) (a product of 1944), and fin-stabilized (APFSDS) rounds with tungsten or depleted uranium penetrators. Parallel developments brought rounds based on chemical energy; High-explosive squash head (HESH), and shaped-charge High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT), with penetrating power independent of muzzle velocity or range.


title: Tank gun

text: Stadiametric range-finders were successively replaced by coincidence and laser rangefinders. Accuracy of modern tank guns is improved over earlier weapons by computerized fire control systems, wind sensors, thermal sleeves, and muzzle referencing systems which compensate for barrel warping, wear and temperature. Fighting capability at night, in poor weather, and smoke was improved by infrared, light-intensification, and thermal imaging equipment.


title: Tank gun

text: Technology of the guns themselves has had only a few innovations. Throughout the history of tank guns, they have almost exclusively been rifled weapons, however most modern tanks now use smoothbore guns. Rifling of the barrel imparts spin on the projectile, improving ballistic accuracy. The best traditional antitank weapons have been kinetic energy rounds, whose penetrating power and accuracy is greatly decreased with the loss in muzzle velocity at extended range. For longer ranges high-explosive anti-tank rounds are more effective, but accuracy is limited; for extremely long ranges cannon-launched guided projectiles (CLGPs) are considered more accurate.


title: Tank gun

text: The use of the autoloader has been a development favoured by some nations and not others. Some countries adopted it as a means to keep the overall size of the tank down. Interest has also been shown as a means to protect the crew by separating them further from the gun and ammunition. For example, an autoloader allows the use of an unmanned turret in the T-14 Armata.


title: Tank gun

text: In the 1960s smoothbore tank guns were developed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and later by the experimental American-West German MBT-70 joint project.


title: Tank gun

text: High-precision smoothbore tank gun barrels were perfected by the US Army’s Weapons Laboratory at the Watervliet Arsenal based on a pair of patents by inventor Albert L. de Graffenried More than 20,000 tank cannons were manufactured by the Watervliet Arsenal for the US Abrams M1A1 tank using de Graffenried’s patented high-precision manufacturing inventions.


title: Tank gun

text: Based on their experience with the 2A28 Grom gun/missile system of the BMP-1, the Soviets produced the T-64B main battle tank, with an auto-loaded 2A46 125 mm smoothbore high-velocity tank gun, capable of firing APFSDS ammunition as well as ATGMs. Similar guns continue to be used in the latest Russian T-90, Ukrainian T-84, and Serbian M-84AS MBTs.


title: Tank gun

text: The German company Rheinmetall developed a more conventional 120 mm smoothbore tank gun which can fire LAHAT missiles, adopted for the Leopard 2, and later the U.S. M1 Abrams. The chief advantages of smoothbore designs are their greater suitability for fin stabilised ammunition and their greatly reduced barrel wear compared with rifled designs. Much of the difference in operation between smoothbore and rifled guns shows in the type of secondary ammunition that they fire, with a smoothbore gun being ideal for firing HEAT rounds (although specially designed HEAT rounds can be fired from rifled guns) and rifling being necessary to fire HESH rounds.


title: Tank gun

text: The Gulf Wars demonstrated that US Abrams M1A1 tanks outfitted with the 120 mm smoothbore gun could outshoot any Soviet tanks fielded by Saddam Hussein’s Army, both as to distance and precision due to better crew training and munitions.


title: Tank gun

text: Most modern main battle tanks now mount a smoothbore gun. A notable exception are the tanks of the British Army which used the 120mm Royal Ordnance L11A5 rifled gun until the 1990s; it was then replaced it with the 120mm L30 rifled gun which remains in service. The Indian Arjun tank uses an Indian-developed 120mm rifled gun.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Andrzej Witold Wajda (; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the "Polish Film School". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of "A Generation" (1955), "Kanał" (1957) and "Ashes and Diamonds" (1958).


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: "The Promised Land" (1975), "The Maids of Wilko" (1979), "Man of Iron" (1981) and "Katyń" (2007).


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda was born in Suwałki, the son of Aniela (née Białowąs), a school teacher, and Jakub Wajda, an army officer. Wajda's father was murdered by the Soviets in 1940 in what came to be known as the Katyn massacre. In 1942, he joined the Polish resistance and served in the Home Army. After the war, he studied to be a painter at Kraków's Academy of Fine Arts before entering the Łódź Film School, where many famous Polish directors, such as Roman Polanski, studied.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: After Wajda's apprenticeship to director Aleksander Ford, Wajda was given the opportunity to direct his own film. "A Generation" (1955) was his first major film. At the same time Wajda began his work as a director in theatre, including Michael V. Gazzo's "A Hatful of Rain" (1959), "Hamlet" (1960), and "Two for the Seesaw" (1963) by William Gibson. Wajda made two more increasingly accomplished films, which developed further the anti-war theme of "A Generation": "Kanał" (1957) (Special Jury Prize at Cannes Film Festival in 1957, shared with Bergman's "The Seventh Seal") and "Ashes and Diamonds" (1958) with Zbigniew Cybulski.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: While capable of turning out mainstream commercial fare (often dismissed as "trivial" by critics), Wajda was more interested in works of allegory and symbolism, and certain symbols (such as setting fire to a glass of liquor, representing the flame of youthful idealism that was extinguished by the war) recur often in his films. "Lotna" (1959) is full of surrealistic and symbolic scenes and shots, but he managed to explore other styles, making new wave style "Innocent Sorcerers" (1960) with music by Krzysztof Komeda, starring Roman Polanski and Jerzy Skolimowski (who was also a co-script writer) in the episodes. Then Wajda directed "Samson" (1961), the story of Jacob, a Jewish boy, who wants to survive during the Nazi occupation of Poland. In the mid-1960s Wajda made "The Ashes" (1965) based on the novel by Polish writer Stefan Żeromski and directed several films abroad: "Love at Twenty" (1962), "Siberian Lady Macbeth" (1962) and "Gates To Paradise" (1968).


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: In 1967, Cybulski was killed in a train accident, whereupon the director articulated his grief with "Everything for Sale" (1968), considered one of his most personal films, using the technique of a film-within-a-film to tell the story of a film maker's life and work. The following year he directed an ironic satire "Hunting Flies" with the script written by Janusz Głowacki and a short television film called "Przekładaniec" based on a screenplay by Stanisław Lem.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: The 1970s were the most prolific artistic period for Wajda, who made over ten films: "Landscape After the Battle" (1970), "Pilate and Others" (1971), "The Wedding" (1972) – the film version of the famous Polish poetic drama by Stanisław Wyspiański, "The Promised Land" (1974), "Man of Marble" (1976) – the film takes place in two time periods, the first film showing the episodes of Stalinism in Poland, "The Shadow Line" (1976), "Rough Treatment" (the other title: "Without Anesthesia)" (1978), "The Orchestra Conductor" (1980), starring John Gielgud; and two psychological and existential films based upon novels by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz – "The Birch Wood" (1970) and "The Maids of Wilko" (1979). "The Birch Wood" was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival where Wajda won the Golden Prize for Direction.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda continued to work in theatre, including "Play Strindberg", Dostoyevsky's "The Possessed" and "Nastasja Filippovna" – Wajda's version of "The Idiot", "November Night" by Wyspiański, "The Immigrants" by Sławomir Mrożek, "The Danton Affair" or "The Dreams of Reason".


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda's later commitment to Poland's burgeoning Solidarity movement was manifested in "Man of Iron" (1981), a thematic sequel to "The Man of Marble", with Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa appearing as himself in the latter film. The film sequence is loosely based on the life of Anna Walentynowicz, a hero of socialist labor Stakhanovite turned dissident and alludes to events from real life, such as the firing of Walentynowicz from the shipyard and the underground wedding of Bogdan Borusewicz to Alina Pienkowska. The director's involvement in this movement would prompt the Polish government to force Wajda's production company out of business. For the film, Wajda won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: In 1983, he directed "Danton", starring Gérard Depardieu in the title role, a film set in 1794 (Year Two of the French Republican calendar) dealing with the Post-Revolutionary Terror. Made against the backdrop of the martial law in Poland, Wajda showed how easily revolution can change into terror and start to "eat its own children." For this film Wajda was honoured with the Louis Delluc Prize and a César Award for Best Director. In the 1980s, he also made "A Love in Germany" (1983) featuring Hanna Schygulla, "The Chronicle of Amorous Incidents" (1986) an adaptation of Tadeusz Konwicki's novel and "The Possessed" (1988) based on Dostoyevsky's novel. In theatre he prepared an interpretation of Dostoyevsky's "Crime and Punishment" (1984) and other unique spectacles such as "Antygone", his sequential "Hamlet" versions or an old Jewish play "The Dybbuk". In 1989, he was the President of the Jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: In 1990, Andrzej Wajda was honoured by the European Film Awards for his lifetime achievement, only the third director to be so honoured, after Federico Fellini and Ingmar Bergman. In the early 1990s, he was elected a senator and also appointed artistic director of Warsaw's Teatr Powszechny. He continued to make films set during World War II, including "Korczak" (1990), a story about a Jewish-Polish doctor who takes care of orphan children, in "The Crowned-Eagle Ring" (1993) and "Holy Week" (1995) specifically on Jewish-Polish relations. In 1994, Wajda presented his own film version of Dostoyevsky's novel The Idiot in the movie "Nastasja", starring Japanese actor Tamasoburo Bando in the double role of Prince Mishkin and Nastasja. The film's cinematographer was Paweł Edelman, who subsequently became one of Wajda's great collaborators. In 1996, the director went in a different direction with "Miss Nobody", a coming-of-age drama that explored the darker and more spiritual aspects of a relationship between three high-school girls. In 1999, Wajda released the epic film "Pan Tadeusz", based on the epic poem of the Polish 19th-century romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: A year later, at the 2000 Academy Awards, Wajda was presented with an honorary Oscar for his contribution to world cinema; he subsequently donated the award to Kraków's Jagiellonian University. In 2002, Wajda directed "The Revenge", a film version of his 1980s comedy theatre production, with Roman Polanski in one of the main roles. In February 2006, Wajda received an Honorary Golden Bear for lifetime achievement at the Berlin International Film Festival. In 2007, "Katyń" was released, a well-received film about the Katyn massacre, in which Wajda's father was murdered; the director also shows the dramatic situation of those who await their relatives (mothers, wives and children). The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar in 2008.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda followed it with "Sweet Rush" (2009) with Krystyna Janda as a main character. It is partly based upon a short Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz novel. The film is dedicated to Edward Kłosiński, Janda's husband, a cinematographer and a long-time Wajda friend and co-worker who died of cancer the same year. For this film Wajda was awarded by Alfred Bauer Prize at the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival. He received the Prix FIPRESCI during the 2009 European Film Awards. "Walesa. Man of Hope" ("Wałęsa. Człowiek z nadziei"), Wajda's biography of Lech Wałęsa, based on a script by Janusz Głowacki and starring Robert Więckiewicz in the title role, had its world premiere at the 2013 Venice International Film Festival. His last film was the 2016 "Afterimage" ("Powidoki"), starring Bogusław Linda as Polish avant-garde painter Władysław Strzemiński.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda founded The Japanese Centre of Art and Technology in Kraków in 1994. In 2002, he founded and led his own film school with Polish filmmaker Wojciech Marczewski. Students of Wajda School take part in different film courses led by famous European film makers.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda was married four times. His third wife was actress Beata Tyszkiewicz with whom he had a daughter, Karolina (born 1967). His fourth wife was the theatre costume designer and actress Krystyna Zachwatowicz.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: In September 2009, Wajda called for the release of director Roman Polanski after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.


title: Andrzej Wajda

text: Wajda died in Warsaw on 9 October 2016 at the age of 90 from pulmonary failure. He was buried at Salwator Cemetery in Kraków.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: Ferdinand Hipolito Navarro (born January 4, 1977), known professionally as Vhong Navarro, is a Filipino comedian, actor, dancer, recording artist and television host. He is a regular host on ABS-CBN's noontime variety show "It's Showtime". He is also part of the dance group Streetboys alongside fellow "It's Showtime" host Jhong Hilario.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On January 22, 2014, Navarro was attacked and severely beaten by a group of men inside a condominium unit in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, according to his manager, Chito S. Roño. Roño said Navarro was invited by a female friend named Deniece Cornejo to visit her condominium unit, where he was tied up and blindfolded by several men, threatened and then beaten up. The perpetrator was identified as Cedric Lee, who was also accompanied by several other men during the time of the incident. Following this, it was stated that Navarro would temporarily not be appearing on "It's Showtime" and other television projects while he continues to recover.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: Navarro was accused of attempted rape, which he denied. In an interview with TV host Boy Abunda on "Buzz ng Bayan", Navarro said he just arrived at the model's condo unit and then suddenly there were armed men that beat him up. On January 29, 2014, one week after the incident, Cornejo filed a rape case against Navarro, but the National Bureau of Investigation said it was unlikely that there was an attempted rape on Cornejo, based on the CCTV footage.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: The controversial incident had initially raised ideologically motivated concerns over rape culture and victim blaming, particularly surrounding the negative treatment of Cornejo, the supposed rape victim. Navarro earned himself sympathy from the public as himself a victim of defamation and physical violence, whereas Cornejo faced the brunt of the public's ire. The public quickly dismissed the fact that Navarro willingly cheated on his girlfriend, Tanya Winona, with the unsuspecting Cornejo. Moreover, the public responded to Navarro's mauling by sending Cornejo death threats, and even more rape threats. In an article posted on GMA News Online, Carljoe Javier expressed consternation with the treatment of the alleged rape of Cornejo:


title: Vhong Navarro

text: When asked to explain her situation, Cornejo reported to the "Inquirer" and stated, "Victim blaming is a very common practice throughout the world especially for rape victims".


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On February 19, 2014, another rape case was filed against Navarro, by a woman named Roxanne Cabanero, alleging the rape took place in 2010.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On April 10, 2014, DOJ dismissed the rape complaint filed by Deniece Cornejo against Navarro. A week later, DOJ issued a warrant of arrest against Cornejo and Lee. On April 26, Lee and his accomplice were captured and arrested in Oras, Eastern Samar. On May 5, Cornejo surrendered to Camp Crame.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On January 25, 2015, businessman Ferdinand Guerrero was arrested by agents of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) inside the penthouse of Ritz condominium in Makati as one of the suspects.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On July 21, 2022, the Court of Appeals' 14 Division reversed the DOJ's decision to dismiss Cornejo's complaint.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On September 19, 2022, the Taguig Court issued an arrest warrant against Navarro 8 years after the incident happened. He surrendered to the NBI on the same day.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On September 19, 2022, Navarro surrendered to the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) after trial courts in Taguig issued him separate warrants for rape and "acts of lasciviousness" committed against Deniece Cornejo in 2014. Prosecutors said that the rape and molestations occurred at the hotel where Navarro was also falsely imprisoned and beaten by Cedric Lee and his accomplices as a result; the extent of his injuries made headlines at the time, and his assailants were eventually convicted. Navarro has maintained he did not rape Cornejo, claiming the pair did not engage in any sexual activity; and that Cornejo, Lee and his companions were seeking to extort him for financial gain. In December 2022, the court allowed Navarro to post (roughly $18,000) bail.


title: Vhong Navarro

text: On November 17, 2022.The NBI received orders from the Taguig city court to transfer Navarro to a Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) facility in Camp Bagong Diwa while pending the resolution of his petition for bail.<ref name=":/"> </ref>


title: David Lim (actor)

text: David Bradley Lim (born September 23, 1983) is an American actor and model. He is best known for portraying the role of Sebastian Chen in the second season of the ABC thriller "Quantico" and as Victor Tan in the CBS television series "S.W.A.T".


title: David Lim (actor)

text: Lim was born on September 23, 1983 in Oakland, California, USA. He is an American born of Chinese descent. He graduated from De La Salle High School at Concord in 2001. In 2005, Lim earned a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, San Diego.


title: David Lim (actor)

text: Lim started his entertainment career as a model. In 2009, Lim signed a contract with Ford Models, and moved to Los Angeles shortly after to pursue modelling and acting.


title: David Lim (actor)

text: In 2016, Lim was cast in the recurring role of CIA recruit Sebastian Chen on the second season of ABC thriller "Quantico".


title: David Lim (actor)

text: On April 13, 2017, Lim joined the cast of the CBS television series, "S.W.A.T". On September 21, 2017, Lim was promoted to a series regular role, ahead of the premiere of the show. Lim stars in the role of S.W.A.T officer Victor Tan.


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury is a self-proclaimed doctor known for sharing medical conspiracy theories, including denialist conspiracies about COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes, for which he has been heavily criticized. His multiple YouTube and social media accounts have been terminated for spreading misleading health advice.


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: He is the author of several self-published books and creator of two films. Despite Chowdhury's claims he is a doctor, he has no formal qualifications or medical training. He reportedly received an honorary PhD in "diabetes science" from Alliance International University in Zambia, which is not accredited. Chowdhury reportedly runs an online diploma mill named World Records University that sells fraudulent PhDs.


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: In 2019, Chowdhury published a his book "Diabetes Type 1 & Type 2 Cure in 72 Hrs," which argues that diabeties is not a medical disorder, but a "political disease." It refers to diabetes as "the biggest ever deception of modern medical science."


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: In August 2020, during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, Chowdhury uploaded a video on YouTube calling for dropping the use of face masks, claiming that masks are a "form of slavery" and an ineffective method to control the virus. He cautioned his followers against COVID-19 vaccines and said: "If anyone influences you to take the vaccine, he is part of a group that wants to end your life and property."


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: Several of Chowdhury's claims and theories surrounding COVID-19 have been debunked by multiple media outlets such as Firstpost, including his claims that face masks are ineffective at containing virus droplets. His YouTube video promoting anti-mask conspiracy theories was taken down by Twitter for violating their terms of use.


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: In 2005, Chowdhury worked on the Hindi movie "Yaad Rakhenge Aap", which claimed could somehow enhance the viewer's memory, and in 2006 he announced the film "Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna." This triggered a dispute with director Karan Johar, who was making his own film under the same name; both claimed that the title was registered with them.


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: Indian health officials have referred to his "miracle diabetes cure" as fraudulent. The Consumer Complaints Council (CCC) of the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) in 2016 and 2017 found Chowdhury's advertisement for 'Diabetes Type 1 & Type 2 Cure in 72 Hrs' was false and grossly misleading. ASCI further stated that in making claims of curing diabetes, the advertisement was in breach of the law as it violated the Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954.


title: Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury

text: A criminal complaint was filed against Chowdhury for falsely claiming to be a medical practitioner, offering fraudulent treatments, and failing to provide emergency care at courses he has run.


title: Berm

text: A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope. It can serve as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line, a border/separation barrier for navigation, good drainage, industry, or other purposes.


title: Berm

text: In medieval military engineering, a berm (or berme) was a level space between a parapet or defensive wall and an adjacent steep-walled ditch or moat. It was intended to reduce soil pressure on the walls of the excavated part to prevent its collapse. It also meant that debris dislodged from fortifications would not fall into (and fill) a ditch or moat.


title: Berm

text: In the trench warfare of World War I, the name was applied to a similar feature at the lip of a trench, which served mainly as an elbow-rest for riflemen.


title: Berm

text: In modern military engineering, a berm is the earthen or sod wall or parapet, especially a low earthen wall adjacent to a ditch. The digging of the ditch (often by a bulldozer or military engineering vehicle) can provide the soil from which the berm is constructed. Walls constructed in this manner are an obstacle to vehicles, including most armoured fighting vehicles but are easily crossed by infantry. Because of the ease of construction, such walls can be made hundreds or thousands of kilometres long. A prominent example of such a berm is the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall.


title: Berm

text: Berms are also used to control erosion and sedimentation by reducing the rate of surface runoff. The berms either reduce the velocity of the water, or direct water to areas that are not susceptible to erosion, thereby reducing the adverse effects of running water on exposed topsoil. Following the 2010 "Deepwater Horizon" oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the construction of berms designed to prevent oil from reaching the fragile Louisiana wetlands (which would result in massive erosion) was proposed early on, and was officially approved by the federal government in mid-June, 2010, after numerous failures to stop and contain the oil leak with more advanced technologies.


title: Berm

text: In coastal geography, a berm is a bank of sand or gravel ridge parallel to the shoreline and a few tens of centimetres high, created by wave action throwing material beyond the average level of the sea.


title: Berm

text: Earth is piled up against exterior walls and packed, sloping down away from the house. The roof may or may not be fully earth covered, and windows/openings may occur on one or more sides of the shelter. Due to the building being above ground, fewer moisture problems are associated with earth berming in comparison to underground/fully recessed construction.


title: Berm

text: For general applications, a berm is a physical, stationary barrier of some kind. For example, in modern highway construction, a berm is a noise barrier constructed of earth, often landscaped, running along a highway to protect adjacent land users from noise pollution. The shoulder of a road is also called a berm and in New Zealand the word sometimes describes a publicly owned grassed nature strip sometimes planted with trees alongside urban roads (usually called a verge). In snowboard cross, a berm is a wall of snow built up in a corner. In mountain biking, a berm is a banked turn formed by soil, commonly dug from the track, being deposited on the outer rim of the turn. In coastal systems, a berm is a raised ridge of pebbles or sand found at high tide or storm tide marks on a beach. In snow removal, a berm or windrow refers to the linear accumulation of snow cast aside by a plow. Earth berms are used above particle accelerator tunnels to provide shielding from radiation. In open-pit mining, a berm refers to dirt and rock piled alongside a haulage road or along the edge of a dump point. Intended as a safety measure, they are commonly required by government organizations to be at least half as tall as the wheels of the largest mining machine on-site.


title: Berm

text: Physical security systems employ berms to exclude hostile vehicles and slow attackers on foot (similar to the military application without the trench). Security berms are common around military and nuclear facilities. An example is the berm proposed for Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant in Vermont. At Baylor Ballpark, a baseball stadium on the campus of Baylor University, a berm is constructed down the right field line. The berm replaces bleachers, and general admission tickets are sold for fans who wish to sit on the grass or watch the game from the top of the hill.


title: Berm

text: Berms are also used as a method of environmental spill containment and liquid spill control. Bunding is the construction of a secondary impermeable barrier around and beneath storage or processing plant, sufficient to contain the plant's volume after a spill. This is often achieved on large sites by surrounding the plant with a berm. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that oils and fuels stored over certain volume levels be placed in secondary spill containment. Berms for spill containment are typically manufactured from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or geomembrane fabric that provide a barrier to keep spills from reaching the ground or navigable waterways. Most berms have sidewalls to keep liquids contained for future capture and safe disposal.


title: Misanthrope (film)

text: Misanthrope is an upcoming American thriller film directed by Damián Szifron, from a screenplay by Szifron and Jonathan Wakeham. It stars Shailene Woodley, Ben Mendelsohn and Jovan Adepo. The film marks Argentinian filmmaker Damián Szifron's English-language debut.


title: Misanthrope (film)

text: The film will center on a talented but troubled cop (Woodley) who is recruited by the FBI to help profile and track down a murderer.


title: Misanthrope (film)

text: In May 2019, Shailene Woodley joined the cast of the film, with Damián Szifron directing from a screenplay he co-wrote alongside Jonathan Wakeham. Woodley will also serve as a producer on the film. In October 2019, it was announced Mark Strong was in talks to join the cast of the film. In December 2020, Ben Mendelsohn joined the cast of the film. In January 2021, Jovan Adepo joined the cast of the film. Ralph Ineson was revealed as part of the cast in March 2021.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a government program in India which provides nutritional meals, preschool education, primary healthcare, immunization, health check-up and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers. The scheme was launched in 1975, discontinued in 1978 by the government of Morarji Desai, and then relaunched by the Tenth Five Year Plan.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: Tenth five-year plan also linked ICDS to "Anganwadi" centres established mainly in rural areas and staffed with frontline workers. In addition to improving child nutrition and immunization, the programme is also intended to combat gender inequality by providing girls the same resources as boys.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: A 2005 study found that the ICDS programme was not particularly effective in reducing malnutrition, largely because of implementation problems and because the poorest states had received the least coverage and funding. During the 2018–19 fiscal year, the Indian federal government allocated to the programme, which is 60% of the funding for the programme while the states allocated the remaining 40%. The widespread network of ICDS has an important role in combating malnutrition especially for children of weaker groups.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: The infant mortality rate of Indian children is 34 and the under-five mortality rate is 39 and 25% of newborn children are underweight among other nutritional, immunization and educational deficiencies of children in India. Figures for India are below the standards of the developed world.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: ICDS was launched in 1975 in accordance to the National Policy for Children in India. Over the years it has grown into one of the largest integrated family and community welfare schemes in the world. Given its effectiveness over the last few decades, Government of India has committed towards ensuring universal availability of the programme.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: For nutritional purposes ICDS provides 500 kilocalories (with 12–15 grams of protein) every day to every child from 6 months to 6 years of age. For adolescent girls in the age group of 10 to 19, 6 kilograms of food grain is given every months.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: The services of Immunisation, Health Check-up and Referral Services delivered through Public Health Infrastructure under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. UNICEF has provided essential supplies for the ICDS scheme since 1975. World Bank has also assisted with the financial and technical support for the programme. The cost of ICDS programme averages $10–$22 per child a year. The scheme is Centrally sponsored with the state governments contributing up to per day per child.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: Furthermore, in 2008, the GOI adopted the World Health Organization standards for measuring and monitoring the child growth and development, both for the ICDS and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). These standards were developed by WHO through an intensive study of six developing countries since 1997. They are known as New WHO Child Growth Standard and measure of physical growth, nutritional status and motor development of children from birth to 5 years age.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: Despite increasing funding over the past three decades, the ICDS fell short of its stated objectives and still faces a number of challenges. Also, though it has widespread coverage, operational gaps mean that service delivery is not consistent in quality and quantity across the country.


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: By end of 2010, the programme is claiming to reach 80.6 lakh expectant and lactating mothers along with 3.93 crore children (under 6 years of age). There are 6,719 operational projects with 1,241,749 operational Aanganwadi centres. Several positive benefits of the programme have been documented and reported


title: Integrated Child Development Services

text: However, World Bank has also highlighted certain key shortcomings of the programme including inability to target the girl child improvements, participation of wealthier and middle-class children more than low-income children and lowest level of funding for the poorest and the most undernourished states of India.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Antônio Rogério Nogueira (; born 2 June 1976), also known as Minotouro or Lil Nog, is a Brazilian former mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the UFC. He is the twin brother of Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, the "Minotauro" (lit. "Minotaur"), earning Rogério the nickname "Minotouro" (lit. "mini bull"). A proficient amateur boxer, he was the 2006 and 2007 Brazilian Super Heavyweight Champion. He also won a bronze medal in the 2007 Pan American Games.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Antônio Rogério Nogueira hails from the town of Vitória da Conquista, Brazil and trains in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu under Ricardo de la Riva. Nogueira says that it is not usual for Brazilian twins to have the same first name and that the twins' mother named them both after their father, Antônio Amielto. Along with his brother, Nogueira trains with Black House.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Although they are identical twins, Nogueira can be distinguished from his brother by his lighter weight and shorter height, and by the presence of a scar on his brother's lower back. He is an instructor in San Diego, California along with his brother, Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, former interim UFC Heavyweight Champion and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Before becoming a big star in PRIDE, Nogueira would compete in DEEP and HooknShoot events and would gain a record of 2-0, finishing both opponents in the very first round via armbar. Nogueira started training with the same team as his brother, Brazilian Top Team.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira would make his PRIDE Fighting Championships debut on 28 April 2002 at PRIDE 20 against Japanese pro wrestler/MMA fighter Yusuke Imamura and he was very successful, ending the fight in the first round with a guillotine choke in just 35 seconds.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira would lose his next fight to Vladimir Matyushenko by decision but would bounce back with a victory over Tsuyoshi Kohsaka.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira would fight again for PRIDE at PRIDE 24 against Guy Mezger. Neither man would push the action a whole lot as they both seemed a little tentative in the stand up. The fight would go to the judges scorecards and Nogueira would pick up the majority decision. Nogueira next fought at PRIDE 25 against Kazuhiro Nakamura, who was making his pro MMA debut. Nakamura fought very valiantly and even escaped multiple submissions but in the end the experience and skill of Nogueira proved to be too much and he would finish with an armbar in the second round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: In his next fight with PRIDE Nogueira would see a huge step up in competition for him as he was pitted against legendary fighter and crowd favourite Kazushi Sakuraba in the main event of PRIDE Shockwave 2003. The fight would prove to be an excellent back-and-forth battle which would see Nogueira utilise his excellent ground game and also get the better of Sakuraba standing and in the clinch. Late in the third, he would even bloody up Sakuraba with kicks. Nogueira would go on to take the unanimous decision and by beating such a huge star, he was now seen as a serious force to be reckoned with at 205 lbs.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira would beat Alex Stiebling in Korea, before returning to Japan to rematch Nakamura in the main event of PRIDE Bushido 4. Nogueira fought a very smart fight and took home the split decision victory. Nogueira won a unanimous decision victory at PRIDE 29 against Alistair Overeem in what was for the most part an even fight. Overeem would escape many of Nogueira's submission attempts but looked tired late in the fight and Nogueira would start to really take it to Overeem, even coming close to finishing him in the third round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira would enter PRIDE's 2005 Middleweight Grand Prix next and was not given an easy first round opponent as he was slated to fight Dan Henderson in the opening round. Henderson fought Nogueira's twin brother Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira earlier in his career, and lost by armbar. Henderson would have the same luck against Nogueira and was submitted late in the first round by an armbar, as Nogueira continued on in the tournament. Nogueira was matched up in the quarter-finals against top Chute Boxe prospect Maurício Rua in a Brazilian Top Team/Chute Boxe clash. The first round of this fight is widely considered to be one of the better opening rounds in MMA history, with Nogueira dropping the rarely knocked down Shogun and rocking him later in the round while Shogun mounted some nice offense of his own, connecting with some diving punches to Nogueira and taking him down. The second and third rounds would belong to Rua however, as he would continue to land diving punches and knocked Nogueira down in the third. Rua would go on to take the decision and eventually would go on to win the tournament. This fight snapped Nogueira's eight fight winning streak and would be the first fight he lost in three years.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: After this fight Nogueira took some time off to heal some old injuries of his and would not fight again until July 2006, where he rematched Overeem and would win a second-round TKO decision, when Overeem's corner threw in the towel after Nogueira staggered him and was continuing to land combos.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira fought in the United States for only the second time in his career at PRIDE 33 against relatively unknown Sokoudjou. However the fight would be Sokoudjou's arrival into the mainstream MMA audience, as he would land a high kick/left hook combo that knocked Nogueira out cleanly in what is considered to be one of the biggest upsets in all of MMA. PRIDE would close its doors soon after this and Nogueira would defeat Todd Gouwenberg at an HCF show before signing a contract to compete with Affliction Entertainment on their Affliction branded shows. Nogueira would fight Edwin Dewees next, knocking him out in the first round at , before defeating Moise Rimbon at a Sengoku show. Next, Nogueira was given a chance to avenge an earlier loss and would fight Vladimir Matyushenko at and would indeed avenge it, knocking Matyushenko out late in the second round. After this Nogueira would submit Dion Staring in an MMA fight that took place in Brazil.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: After Affliction closed its doors in July 2009, Nogueira would sign on to compete with the Ultimate Fighting Championship.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: On 28 August 2009, Dana White had confirmed that Nogueira had signed a contract with the UFC. Nogueira made his debut at UFC 106 against Luiz Cané. Nogueira made quick work of the Brazilian and dropped him with a sweeping left hook before finishing him off with punches on the mat at 1:56 of the first round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was scheduled to face Brandon Vera at UFC 109. However, Nogueira was forced off the card with a fractured ankle sustained while training.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: His next fight was scheduled to be against former UFC Light-Heavyweight Champion Forrest Griffin at UFC 114; however, Griffin pulled out of the fight due to a shoulder injury. Nogueira instead fought Jason Brilz on short notice. In a controversial split decision, in which Brilz seemed to control the duration of the fight, Nogueira was declared the winner.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira faced undefeated, TUF 8 winner Ryan Bader on 25 September 2010 at UFC 119. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was expected to face Tito Ortiz on 26 March 2011 at UFC Fight Night 24. However, Ortiz received a cut whilst training for his match with Nogueira and was forced to withdraw from the match. Ortiz was replaced by Phil Davis on short-notice, with just 6 weeks remaining until the fight. Nogueira lost via unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27).


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was originally scheduled to face Rich Franklin at UFC 133 on 6 August 2011, in Philadelphia. However, Nogueira pulled out of the fight, citing a shoulder injury.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira defeated former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Tito Ortiz on 10 December 2011 at UFC 140 via TKO (punches and elbows to the body) in the first round. In 3:15, he landed 54 significant strikes, the most of his UFC career.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was expected to face Alexander Gustafsson on 14 April 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 2. However, on 6 March, it was announced that Nogueira had pulled out of the bout, citing a knee injury.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira faced former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Rashad Evans on 2 February 2013 at UFC 156. The bout remained on the feet for a majority of its duration in a largely uneventful fight where neither fighter was able to deliver any significant offense. Nogueira won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was expected to face Maurício Rua in a rematch on 15 June 2013 at UFC 161. However, Nogueira pulled out of the bout in the days leading up to the event citing a back injury. Chael Sonnen was briefly linked as a replacement for Nogueira. Though an alleged visa issue created a problem for Sonnen to get into Canada, resulting in Rua being pulled from the event altogether.<ref name="Rua/SonnenOff"></ref>


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: At a post-fight press conference in Manchester, Dana White said that Nogueira would be facing Alexander Gustafsson on 8 March 2014 at a UFC event in London. However just 5 days later Nogueira was forced out of the bout due to a lingering back injury. Later, reports came that said that Nogueira had never agreed to take the fight against Gustafsson at all.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira next faced Anthony Johnson on 26 July 2014 at UFC on Fox 12. He lost the fight via KO in the first round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Ten years after their first fight, Nogueira had a rematch with Maurício Rua on 1 August 2015 at UFC 190. He lost the fight again by unanimous decision. Both participants were awarded "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira next faced Patrick Cummins on 14 May 2016 at UFC 198. He won the fight via TKO in the first round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: A pairing with Alexander Gustafsson was scheduled for a third time and was expected to take place on 19 November 2016 at UFC Fight Night 100. However just days after the fight was announced, Gustafsson pulled out of the bout citing an injury. In turn, he was replaced by Ryan Bader. Nogueira lost the one-sided fight via TKO in the third round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was expected to face Ilir Latifi on 25 June 2017 at UFC Fight Night 112. However Nogueira pulled out of the fight on 17 May citing a neck injury.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was to face Jared Cannonier on 16 December 2017 at UFC on Fox 26. However he was pulled from the bout on 19 October 2017 after being flagged by USADA for a potential violation. On 24 April 2018 Nogueira was cleared of intentionally using of Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) by USADA, as Nogueira had allegedly taken a tainted supplement which contained hydrochlorothiazide from the compounding pharmacies in Brazil.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: In his first fight since returning from injury and suspension, Nogueira faced Sam Alvey on 22 September 2018 at UFC Fight Night 137. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira faced Ryan Spann on 11 May 2019 at UFC 237. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: Nogueira was expected to face Trevor Smith on 16 November 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 22. However, Nogueira was forced to pull out of the event due to injury, resulting in the cancellation of the bout.


title: Antônio Rogério Nogueira

text: As the final fight of his prevailing contract, the trilogy bout with Maurício Rua was expected to take place on May 9, 2020 at then UFC 250. Due to the event being relocated to the United States, Nogueira was unable to compete due to visa issues. On April 9, Dana White, the president of UFC announced that the event was postponed to a future date The bout eventually took place on July 26, 2020 at UFC on ESPN 14. He lost the fight via split decision and retired from professional mma competition after the fight.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Jason Neil Gillespie (born 19 April 1975) is an Australian cricket coach and former cricketer who played all three formats of the game. A right-arm fast bowler, he was also a competent lower-order batsman whose unbeaten 201 in his last Test match is the highest score by a night-watchman in international cricket.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Gillespie made his One Day International debut against Sri Lanka at Colombo in the Singer World Series in August 1996, and his Test debut against the West Indies at Sydney in November 1996. He also played for South Australia, Yorkshire and Glamorgan at first-class level, and was an AIS Australian Cricket Academy scholarship holder in 1995.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Gillespie announced his retirement from first-class cricket in Australia in February 2008. He then played in the unauthorised Indian Cricket League for the Ahmedabad Rockets. At the end of the 2008 English domestic season he retired from all first-class cricket.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Jason Gillespie is a descendant on his father's side of the Kamilaroi people of Indigenous Australians, and is the first acknowledged Aboriginal male to become a Test cricketer. His mother has Greek heritage and Jason is the eldest of the three children. He attended Cabra Dominican College in Adelaide, South Australia. Gillespie married Anna (née McEvoy) in 2003. The couple have four children.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Gillespie is a vegan and has criticised dairy farming and the use of leather balls. While coaching Yorkshire, Gillespie said of the club being sponsored by a dairy: "Yes, they are a sponsor but it doesn't mean I agree with what they do. It's out of my control, just like the fact that cricket balls are made of leather".


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Gillespie took 259 wickets in 71 Tests (at an average of 26.13) making him Australia's sixth-highest wicket-taker and giving him the 14th best bowling average for Australian bowlers who have taken more than a hundred wickets.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Gillespie seldom dominated a Test series (the most wickets he took in a series is 20), but he was a reliable support bowler over several years for his more famous teammates Glenn McGrath and Shane Warne. For his performances in 2004, he was named both in the World Test XI and ODI XI by the ICC.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: Glenn McGrath (61) and Gillespie (54*) shared a last-wicket stand of 114 against New Zealand in 2004 at the Gabba to the hilarity and acclaim of their teammates. It was the first time that either of them had made a 50 in either Test or ODI versions of the game.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: In the second Test against Bangladesh at Chittagong on 19 April 2006, Gillespie (201 not out) set the world record (on his 31st birthday) for the highest individual score by a nightwatchman. This was his maiden first-class century. He also shared a fourth-wicket partnership of 320 runs with Michael Hussey. Gillespie was awarded man-of-the-match honours for his double century in the first innings and he was also named man of the series for his efforts that included eight wickets, at an average of 11.3. Due to injury, it was his final match in international cricket. As of 2022, Gillespie is the only nightwatchman to score a double century in a Test match.


title: Jason Gillespie

text: He played only 52 from a possible 92 Tests following his debut to his axing during the 2005 Ashes series. Despite these problems, he was both accurate and economical.