title: Hermann Minkowski

text: The views of space and time which I wish to lay before you have sprung from the soil of experimental physics, and therein lies their strength. They are radical. Henceforth space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.


title: Mouna Raagam (TV series)

text: Mouna Raagam () is a Indian Tamil language Musical drama series which premiered on 24 April 2017 which premiered on Star Vijay and digitally streams on Disney+ Hotstar. The show is produced by actress Chippy Renjith under Global Villagers. The series has two seasons. First season of the story stars with the seven-year-old Sakthi (Krithika Khelge) is born with a talent.


title: Mouna Raagam (TV series)

text: Its first season stars Krithika Khelge and Sherin Farhana with Rajeev Parameshwar, Chippy Renjith and Shamitha Shreekumar After 12-year leap, it continues as "Mouna Raagam 2", stars Raveena Daha and Shilpa Nair with Rajeev Parameshwar, Chippy Renjith and Anusree Chembakassery additionally with Salmanul Faris and Rahul Ramachandran.


title: Mouna Raagam (TV series)

text: Kadhambari (Kaadhu maa), a rich, argumentative girl spoiler by her parents and was married to Karthik Krishna, a famous singer. They give birth to Shruthi. As the story goes, it was revealed that before the marriage of Karthik, he falls for Malliga, a village girl but unfortunately Karthik leaves the village and under pressure from his family, he marries kadhambari leaving Malliga pregnant and gives birth to Shakthi, who doesn't know the name of her father and likes singing. Kadhambari accidentally kills Mallika and escapes. When Shakthi's maternal aunt tries to sell her as she have the ability to sing well, she escapes from her. Disguised as a boy, she reaches Chennai and adopted by Karthik's brother Murali and his wife Nandhini. From the beginning, Kadhambari and her family hated Shakthi. Months passed and finally Murali and Nandhini learns about Shakthi's past and that she is Karthik's elder daughter. But they keep it a secret in fear of Kadhambari. Eventually, everyone in the family learn that Shakthi is Karthik's daughter. Kadhambari and her daughter Shruthi were infuriated. Meanwhile, Mallika is alive, taking treatment in a Ayurveda Hospital suffering from Memory Loss due to the accident. Later, Shakthi, Mallika and Karthik reunite and Mallika is bought Karthik's home. Mallika's pleasing words made Shruthi and Shakthi friends which made Kadhambari more angry. Later, she spoils Shruthi's mind and turns against Mallika and Shakthi. When Karthik introduces Mallika and Shakthi as his wife and daughter in an award show, Shruthi leaves home in anger. Kadhambari is affected mentally on Shruthi's disappearance. Shruthi is kidnapped by Guru, Raghav's brother. Raghav is Kadhambari's boyfriend during college days who tells that Shruthi is his daughter and not Karthik's due to their relationship and eventually blackmails her. In a spree, Kadhambari kills Raghav and later blackmailed by his brother Guru. Karthik, Mallika and Nandhini learns this truth but didn't ask anything to Kadhambari. Everyone in the family is searching for Shruthi. Meanwhile, Shakthi take care of Kadhambari as a mother. Guru's mother Raghavi decides to make Shruthi escape from Guru's captivity. Shruthi came back home. She blames Sakthi and Mallika for her disappearance while Mallika and Sakthi leave the house for Shruthi.


title: Mouna Raagam (TV series)

text: It was the second musical series in Tamil language series after "Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa". It is a remake of Malayalam TV series "Vanambadi".


title: Mouna Raagam (TV series)

text: The songs are penned by Shri. Harinarayanan. Most of the songs sung by Singer Varsha Renjith. The songs are as follows :


title: Mouna Raagam (TV series)

text: In February 2021, Star Vijay announced the spiritual sequel of the series, titled "Mouna Raagam 2", starring Raveena Daha, Rajeev Parameshwar, Chippy Renjith, Salmanul Faris, Rahul Ramachandran, Shilpa Nair and Divya Binu.


title: India Infoline

text: IIFL Finance Limited (formerly IIFL Holdings Limited) d/b/a IIFL and India Infoline Finance Limited, is an Indian diversified financial services company headquartered in Mumbai. The organisation was founded by Nirmal Jain. IIFL and its group companies are backed by Canadian investor Prem Watsa, private equity firm General Atlantic and CDC Group, the UK Government's private equity arm. IIFL is ranked among the top seven financial conglomerates in India and as the top independent financial services firm in India in terms of market capitalisation. Nirmal Jain is the chairman of the group, while R Venkataraman is the group managing director and co-promoter.


title: India Infoline

text: IIFL was founded on 18 October 1995, by Nirmal Jain, a 1986 graduate from University of Mumbai and an alumnus of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. Jain is among the few successful entrepreneurs post the economic liberalisation era in India ushered by PV Narasimha Rao. Jain was previously employed with Hindustan Unilever Limited. The company was founded as Probity Research and Services Private Limited which provided research on the Indian economy, businesses and corporates. The name was later changed to India Infoline Limited.


title: India Infoline

text: A few years into the business, the organisation found itself with clients which included research organisations, banks and corporates. They then began launching their research products to become more noticeable in the market. In the meanwhile, the dotcom revolution was beginning to take place in India. The website was created in 1999.


title: India Infoline

text: Taking the business one step ahead this group of consultants opened a trading portal – 5paisa –in 2000 thus moved into the business of being a full service broking agency. During this time they widened their distribution network.


title: India Infoline

text: In 2001, the Indian dotcom industry saw a downfall. During this time, sustaining became tough. The organisation then decided to tie-up with leading Life Insurance company ICICI Prudential, thus putting to use its distribution network and becoming India's first corporate agent for insurance.


title: India Infoline

text: Today, IIFL Holdings Limited (Bloomberg Code: IIFL IN, NSE: IIFL, BSE: 532636) is India's leading integrated financial services group with diverse operating businesses, mainly Non Banking and Housing Finance, Wealth and Asset Management, Broking, Financial Product Distribution, Investment Banking, Institutional Equities, Realty and Property Advisory Services.


title: India Infoline

text: IIFL Holdings has a consolidated net-worth of over Rs 45 billion; global presence in Canada, United States, UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Mauritius, and UAE; An employee workforce of over 10,500, a strong network of over 2,250 service locations spread across India, over Rs 233 billion loan assets under management; over Rs 1,250 bn wealth assets under advice, management and distribution; over 500 stocks under research and more than 300 of the world's top institutional investors relying on IIFL's research.


title: India Infoline

text: IIFL along with few other top brokers have been accused of various irregularities on NSEL. Agencies including EOW-Mumbai and SFIO have found the top 5 brokers including IIFL guilty of misselling NSEL contracts, KYC manipulation, client code modification, benami transactions & infusion of black money through their NBFCs on the Exchange platform. The EOW had arrested senior employees of three brokerages namely IIFL, Motilal Oswal & Anand Rathi in March, 2015. This was followed by the market regulator, SEBI issuing multiple show-cause notices to the brokers in 2016, 2017, 2018 & 2019 respectively. The EOW-Mumbai in its supplementary charge sheet has also accused the three brokerages IIFL, Motilal Oswal & Anand Rathi of cheating clients. In February 2019, SEBI declared IIFL and Motilal Oswal ‘not fit and proper’ as commodity derivative brokers based on the recommendations of SFIO & EOW's report.


title: India Infoline

text: India Infoline Finance is a subsidiary of IIFL Holdings Ltd which in 2020, raised ₹100 Crore by issuing non-convertible debentures.


title: India Infoline

text: IIFL has been awarded by Euromoney for the Best Private Banking Services Overall in India for 2017. It has also been adjudged as the Best Private Bank in India at the Global Finance Best Private Bank Awards in 2017.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: Aurangzeb is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Atul Sabharwal. The film features Rishi Kapoor, Jackie Shroff, Arjun Kapoor, Prithviraj Sukumaran, Amrita Singh, and Sashaa Agha in pivotal roles, while Sikander Kher, Kavi Shastri and Swara Bhaskar play supporting characters. The film is produced and distributed by Aditya Chopra under his studio Yash Raj Films. The theatrical trailer was unveiled on 3 April 2013, and the film released on 17 May 2013. The film received mixed reviews from critics and audiences, it managed to do well in overseas and was a flop at the box office in India.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: The story is set in the town of Gurgaon, an industrial city near NCT Delhi. The film is presented from the view of ACP Arya Phogat (Prithviraj Sukumaran). Arya, a police officer, has been brought up by his uncle, DCP Ravikant Phogat (Rishi Kapoor). His father, police inspector Vijaykant Phogat (Anupam Kher), had lost interest in life years back, after messing up an operation to kill Yashvardhan Singh (Jackie Shroff), due to lack of evidence against him. Yashvardhan's wife, Veera (Tanvi Azmi), had become a police informer against her own husband and had to run away from him with one of her twin children Vishal (Arjun Kapoor) while Ajay is left with Yashvardhan. Vijaykant hides Vishal and Veera – whom he has begun to love – and passes it off as a botched encounter for which he takes the entire blame. Suspended from the police force, Vijaykant has a tough time over the years, caught between the love for his real family and son ACP Arya, and his adopted wife and son. Years later, just before he dies, he reveals to Arya that he has another wife and kid but doesn't reveal their real identity. Vijaykant dies a few days later, and Arya goes to meet Veera. There he is shocked to see Vishal, who is the exact replica of Ajay (Arjun Kapoor), and there is a revelation that both lookalikes are actually twins.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: Ravikant, who is corrupt to the core, hatches a plot to expose the criminal activities of Yashvardhan, a mission left incomplete by his brother Vijaykant. He joins forces with nephew Arya and convinces Vishal to enter Yashvardhan's house, posing as Ajay. To facilitate matters, Ajay is kidnapped by Ravikant and Arya and held captive by them, paving the way for Vishal to take his place and leak information about Yashvardhan's illegal activities to the police. Vishal has to pose as Ajay not just in front of his own father, Yashvardhan, but also in front of Neena Wadhwa (Amrita Singh), Yashvardhan's paramour and business partner, while also having to feign an affair with his twin brother's girlfriend, Ritu (Zara Khan). As days pass, Vishal falls in love with Ritu. Vishal keeps leaking information about his dad to Ravikant and Arya, who move forward in their exposé with the help of the incriminating evidence. On the other hand, Ravikant and Arya unite Ajay with mother Veera and also try to brainwash him into spilling the beans about his father's illegal businesses before them.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: Over time, Vishal develops a soft corner for his father and pleads for his safety from the police. He also wins the confidence of his father, who is unaware that Vishal has replaced Ajay in the house. Calamity befalls Yashvardhan because of the action initiated by Ravikant, and he has to be hospitalised. Vishal manipulates things in such a way that Neena has to resign from Yashvardhan Singh's company. Even as the tension between Arya and foster-brothers Ajay and Vishal refuses to be diffused, the task before Ravikant and Arya becomes very difficult. To make matters more difficult for Ravikant, his son-in-law, Vishnu (Sumeet Vyas), lays his hands on evidence against Ravikant's equally corrupt police officer-son, Inspector Dev (Sikandar Kher). Since Vishnu is the only honest cop in the family, he threatens to expose brother-in-law Dev, and in order to prevent this, Ravikant kills Vishnu. Ravikant also plans to take over Yashvardhan's empire with help from Neena, and orders Arya to kill Veera and Ajay. Arya, disillusioned by Ravikant's inhuman attitude, finally understands the choice his father Vijaykant made earlier to protect Vishal and his mother.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: Meanwhile, Vishal is called for a meeting by Neena and her new partner, Bilal. Ravikant wants Vishal to use the meeting to give him more information about Yashvardhan, and plans things in such a way that Yashvardhan would be killed once the meeting between Vishal and Neena is over. Arya realises that Ravikant wants to eliminate Yashvardhan not as much to complete brother Vijaykant's mission as to take over Yashvardhan's business empire. Also, Vishal has revenge written all over him because Neena's son, Inder (Kavi Shastri), had killed Ritu. Here, Ajay finally relents and agrees to help Arya, but he also wants his dad, Yashvardhan's safety. Arya asks Ajay to attend the meeting in place of Vishal. Ajay kills Inder, and when Inder's gang tries to kill Ajay, Arya's police team encounters all. Meanwhile, Arya has sent Vishal to the hospital to save Yashvardhan. He also arranges his police force to raid the hospital. However, Dev sends back the team. He later corners Vishal and Yashvardhan in the hospital store room. Just when Dev was about to kill them, Ajay appears and shoots him. Ajay and Yashvardhan convince Vishal to escape. Just when Vishal escapes, Dev shoots and kills Yashvardhan, but in retaliation, Ajay rises and kills Dev. When Dev's team was about to kill Ajay, Arya's police force rescues him by arresting Ajay. Arya helps Vishal and Veera escape. Ravikant meets Arya, and Arya informs him that he has the recordings of Neena's meeting, which will expose Ravikant. Ravikant shoots Arya, and just when he was about to kill him, Vishal comes back and kills Ravikant.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: Arya, even though injured, rides back to his pregnant wife, Suman (Swara Bhaskar). Vishal and Veera get back to their earlier life while Ajay is jailed. We also hear a voiceover of Arya saying, "This system of the collection has been in place for years. The money from this system goes all the way up to the seniors and ministers. The nexus is not going to come to an end with just my uncle's death. The DCP said that only two powers would survive – the politicians and the corporates. But if a policeman doesn't take bribes from any of them, then he won't fear them either." The film then moves one year forward, where we are shown that Ajay has re-united with Vishal and Veera once he is released from jail. In the final scene, we see Arya leaving Veera's home once he makes sure that Ajay is re-united with his family.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: "Aurangzeb" is "about hunger for power and survival of the fittest." According to Arjun Kapoor, the film's title is a reference to the Mughal emperor of the same name, who expanded the empire to its greatest extent.


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: The response of critics and audience was positive. Meena Iyer of "The Times of India" gave the film 3.5/5 stars. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave the film 3/5 stars, saying performances of Prithviraj Sukumaran, Rishi Kapoor and Arjun Kapoor are the best thing about "Aurangzeb".


title: Aurangzeb (film)

text: On its opening day, the film made a collection of . After the film's entire theatrical run, it collected ₹18.5 crore in India and was declared "Average".


title: Tatort

text: Tatort ("Crime scene") is a German language police procedural television series that has been running continuously since 1970 with some 30 feature-length episodes per year, which makes it the longest-running German TV drama. Developed by the German public-service broadcasting organisation ARD for their channel Das Erste, it is unique in its approach, in that it is jointly produced by all of the organisation's regional members as well as its partnering Austrian and Swiss national public-service broadcasters, whereby every regional station contributes a number of episodes to a common pool.


title: Tatort

text: Therefore, the series is a collection of different police stories where different police teams each solve crimes in their respective city. Uniqueness in architecture, customs and dialects of the cities is therefore a distinctive part of the series and often the city, not the police force, is the real main character of an episode. The concept of local stations only producing a couple of shows per year has also enabled the shows to be longer (90 minutes) and more fleshed out psychologically than other weekly TV dramas.


title: Tatort

text: The first episode was broadcast on 29 November 1970. Episodes are broadcast on ARD's main channel Das Erste on Sunday evening at the prime viewing time of 8:15 pm (just after the 8 pm "Tagesschau" news) around three times a month. Reruns are often shown by various regional ARD stations and on foreign broadcasters. Alongside the member stations of the ARD, the national Austrian broadcasting corporation Österreichischer Rundfunk joined the production pool in 1971 and airs the program on its ORF 2 channel. Switzerland's Schweizer Fernsehen joined the pool from 1990 to 2001 and again in 2011 and distributes its episodes through its channel SRF 1 and Play SRF streaming app..


title: Tatort

text: The series "Polizeiruf 110", which was produced by East Germany's state TV broadcaster as a counterpart to the West German "Tatort" and has a similar regional production approach, is still produced by ARD's regional broadcasters Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR), Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB), Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) and Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR). "Polizeiruf 110" shares the Sunday night prime time slot on "Das Erste" with "Tatort".


title: Tatort

text: The main feature of "Tatort" is that it is jointly produced by all participating regional TV stations. Each of the eleven companies involved (the nine German regional TV channels or "Landesrundfunkanstalten" that together form ARD, plus ORF in Austria and SRF in Switzerland), produces its own episodes. Each station features usually more than one team of inspectors in different cities in its region, depending on the size of the producing broadcaster. Each of the roughly 20 active teams appears one to two times each year. Nearly every Sunday, a new episode from a different city premieres on "Das Erste"; old episodes are often shown through all participating stations as part of their common programming. The series shares this concept with its former East German counterpart "Polizeiruf 110", which basically is produced as four additional "Tatort" investigator teams aired under a different series name and opening credits by some regional broadcasters, mostly those which evolved from East German state television.


title: Tatort

text: Every "Tatort" episode features a different team of inspectors in a different city. Combined with the fact that the episodes are, at 90 minutes long, almost movie-length and with rarely more than 30 episodes in one year, this makes for a cultural phenomenon closer to a string of made-for-TV movies than a typical police series.


title: Tatort

text: This pooling concept was mainly due to the nature of the public broadcast television channel ARD, which is jointly operated by all of Germany's regional public "Landesrundfunkanstalten". The 9 regional public broadcasters collect broadcasting fees in their region of Germany (each region comprising one or more federal states), and each have multiple radio stations and a regional TV station. "Das Erste" is produced as a joint national channel with common national programming. Each regional broadcaster is responsible for parts of the programming, unlike for instance in the US with its network affiliate system. Usually one to three broadcasters produce one TV programme in cooperation. When "Tatort" was developed as a series of weekly feature film-long local crime stories, the stated concept was used to distribute financial and organizational efforts.


title: Tatort

text: Apart from the unique joint-pooling system, the series is also characterised by the episode length of around 90 minutes, which allows for more in-depth and psychological fleshing out of the characters. Although almost all episodes feature the investigation of a homicide, it is never just a simple case of whodunit. Often the episode length allows for the crime to be shown in all its aspects, with equal attention focused on the perpetrators and the victims as on the inspectors. On several occasions the actual police work is just a side note in the story, as the main plot might focus on how one of the persons involved deals with the crime and its aftermath. Episodes also deal with social and political issues.


title: Tatort

text: With the national broadcasting corporations of Austria and Switzerland participating, the episodes of "Tatort" are currently set in various cities of Germany, Vienna, and Zurich. Originally each of the participating member stations limited their episodes to one team of investigators in one city: for ease of production this was mostly the city the broadcast station was in, but over the years some stations broadcasting over a large regional area have "Tatort"s playing in several cities. Notably, the WDR (based in Cologne) has three teams of investigators playing respectively in Cologne, Münster, and Dortmund. Episodes are either produced by the station's own production facilities, or are filmed and often also written by outside production houses on behalf of the station. This sometimes leads to situations where, for instance, a "Tatort" set in Thuringia is actually produced in Bavaria, with only a handful of scenes shot 'on location' in the town the story is supposed to be set in. As a consequence, minor roles are sometimes played by actors or extras that do not have the matching regional accent.


title: Tatort

text: A similar concept of independently filming and then pooling episodes was used from 1988 to 1992 in the series "Eurocops", jointly produced by several national European TV stations.


title: Tatort

text: "Tatort" has not found wide distribution in non-German speaking countries, but some episodes were distributed as stand-alone mini series. Notable examples were the Horst Schimanski episodes which were shown in Finland in the late-1980s and on TV4 in Sweden in 1992, and the 2013 series starring Til Schweiger and Fahri Yardım in Hamburg was shown on the British Channel 4 under the title "Nick's Law".


title: Tatort

text: However, "Tatort" inspired many other TV broadcasters to develop similar city specific spin-offs for their shows, such as "CSI" or "NCIS".


title: Tatort

text: Gunther Witte, dramatist and TV head at WDR (West German Broadcasting Cologne), developed the series against initial resistance. Witte and his successors have ensured that one or two detectives are at the center of every story, and the cases are shown from their perspective; they are usually members of a team, and their lives are also included.


title: Tatort

text: In January 2008 a similarly produced series of radio dramas called "ARD Radio Tatort" was introduced, new episodes are aired monthly by regional radio stations, but not at the same time.


title: Tatort

text: In 2012, more than 100,000 people participated in the first and only online game linked to the SWR "Tatort" production, "Der Wald steht schwarz und schweiget".


title: Tatort

text: The show is still aired on Sundays at 8:15 p.m. in Germany and Austria, and 8:05 p.m. in Switzerland. About 30 episodes are made each year. By May 2018, 1055 episodes had been produced, plus 13 made in Austria and shown only there. Episode nr. 1000 was broadcast on Sunday 13 November 2016.


title: Tatort

text: The episodes of some series of "Tatort", such as the discontinued series about Schimanski, played by Götz George, have become cultural icons.


title: Tatort

text: The opening sequence of each episode has essentially remained the same throughout the decades except for slight changes. Klaus Doldinger composed the title music with Udo Lindenberg on drums.


title: Tatort

text: At the same time the ARD was starting its "Tatort" format, the DDR had its own police procedural/crime show called "Polizeiruf 110" ("Police dial 1-1-0"). The series premiered in 1971, less than a year after the first "Tatort". It too was a police procedural, with various teams of investigators in various cities of the DDR, but in contrast to the West, only a small part of their cases involved actual homicides. The psychology of the perpetrators and the victims was also more prevalent. The series continued through all of the 1970s and 80s and even survived the Wende, continuing until 1991.


title: Tatort

text: In 1990, "Polizeiruf" practiced its own brand of German unification with episode 142, ("Amongst Brothers"), a crossover with the "Tatort" investigators Schimanski and Thanner (this was co-produced with ARD and a medley of the two series themes were used in the opening intro). Until 1991, the series continued more or less independently for 11 more episodes until episode 153 (22 December 1991), again a crossover, in which Kommissar Thanner becomes the team's superior. Also in 1991, as part of the unification, the DDR's television company DFF was split into the Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) and Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB) while the television stations in the new state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern would be operated as part of the NDR.


title: Tatort

text: As MDR, ORB and NDR were all partners in the ARD, it was expected that they would start producing "Tatort" episodes as well. However, seeing the popularity of "Polizeiruf 110", it was decided that the stations would contribute to the "Tatort" pool, but that its episodes would keep the name of "Polizeiruf 110" and their own title music and intro. Still, they would be broadcast over all ARD stations on Sunday evening just like (or instead of) the 'western' "Tatort".


title: Tatort

text: Reorganising took one and a half years, but on 13 June 1993, the now MDR restarted the series in "Tatort" format. This first episode was set in Leipzig, just as in 1991. However, today's episodes produced by the MDR are set in Magdeburg, while those produced by NDR are set in Rostock. The ORB (and later ORB's successor, RBB) has its episodes headed by the same team of investigators, but take place in various cities of Brandenburg. In addition, Bavarian Broadcasting BR produces both "Polizeiruf" and "Tatort" episodes, both set in Munich. Like the original, the Bavarian "Polizeiruf" episodes focus more on the psychology of the crimes and more on crimes other than homicides. Over the years several other 'western' local broadcasters tried their hand at producing "Polizeiruf" episodes as a sort of 'alternative Tatort' alongside the regular ones. However, all of them stopped after a few episodes.


title: Tatort

text: On 15 May 2015, RBB aired the 350th episode of "Polizeiruf 110", the 197th episode of the new format.


title: Tatort

text: In 2013, seeing that Thuringia was so far the only federal state in Germany that had neither a "Tatort" nor a "Polizeiruf" set in one of its cities, the MDR ordered two new "Tatort" series, set in Erfurt and Weimar respectively. Both are produced for the MDR by Bavarian companies.


title: Tatort

text: As 1-1-0 is the speed dial code for police/emergency dispatch in Germany, but not in Austria, "Polizeiruf 110" is broadcast in Austria as "Polizeiruf 133".


title: Tatort

text: Episodes 10) "Parasemonia", 11) "Threatened Saviours", 12) "Invisible", 13) "The Cold House", 14) "Cat and Mouse" have yet to be released in the United States as of the end of 2022.


title: Tatort

text: 1.    Welcome to Cologne (October 4, 1997) After a Miami drug bust goes sour, German cop Max Ballauf is sent home to be Cologne's homicide chief, and is immediately confronted with partner Freddy Schenk's professional jealousy - and the dead body of a former colleague.


title: Tatort

text: 2.    Blown-Up Spirits (October 11, 1997) A teacher recently acquitted of sexual molestation charges is killed by a bomb blast at his school. Ballauf and Schenk struggle to piece together what happened when a second death rocks the campus.


title: Tatort

text: 3.    Manila (April 18, 1998) While investing a highway rest stop robbery/murder, Ballauf picks up a little Filipino boy in flight. Could he be the lead they need to bust an international child-trafficking ring?


title: Tatort

text: 4.    Iconoclasm (June 20, 1998) The body of a banker is found in the woods near Cologne; next to his body is a pile of charred bank notes. Protesters threaten violence over an exhibit of photos documenting Nazi atrocities.


title: Tatort

text: 5.    Secret Mission (October 10, 1998) A woman's body is fished out of the Rhine, and the victim turns out to be an acquaintance of Ballauf's. The investigation leads to a chemical company, and the German intelligence services are found to be involved.


title: Tatort

text: 6.    Residual Risk (February 13, 1999) A dancer is found murdered near the grounds of a psychiatric hospital, and the prime suspect is a patient with a history of violence. But is the patient merely a pawn in a devilish game?


title: Tatort

text: 7.    Children of Violence (May 1, 1999) A boy is found dead in a school bathroom, and Max goes undercover to investigate. He discovers an ongoing war between gangs of German and Turkish teenagers.


title: Tatort

text: 8.    Light and Shade (July 3, 1999) Freddy and Max investigate the death of a wealthy gynecologist who's found dead in his swimming pool. A prominent Pro-Life group is suspected, but the search for the killer leads to a maze of half-truths and evasions.


title: Tatort

text: 9.    Three Monkeys (September 25, 1999) After a colleague’s long-time girlfriend is killed in the courtyard of a crowded apartment complex, the victim was secretly pregnant. Who was the father of the child, and why was the victim planning a secret move to Hamburg?


title: Tatort

text: 10.   Martinsfire (December 4, 1999) The body of a four-year-old boy is found in a workingclass area. Max befriends Mirko, an emotionally neglected eight-year-old who may know more than he's willing to admit.


title: Tatort

text: 11.    Bitter Almonds (March 4, 2000) The body of wealthy real estate magnate Gerd Wesibach is found, his pores emanating a familiar odor: bitter almonds. Is it assisted suicide or murder?


title: Tatort

text: 12.   Deadly Inheritance (July 15, 2000) A blackmailer has been threatening the Kölsch brewery in Cologne. Concerned with his company's reputation, Belcher Sr. decides to pay the ransom in person, and is soon shot dead.


title: Tatort

text: 13.   Straight into the Heart (August 5, 2000) A man is shot to death in broad daylight on a busy street in Cologne. However, no shots were heard.


title: Tatort

text: 14.   The Lady on the Train (December 16, 2000) On a family trip to Holland, Freddy finds himself suspected of drug smuggling and is forced to go on the run to clear his name.


title: Tatort

text: 15.    Murder Pit (February 24, 2001) After a law student is shot on a college campus, Max suspects her hot-tempered ex-fiancé - but Freddy senses something more sinister.


title: Tatort

text: 16.    Death of a Child (June 16, 2001) After a badly-beaten child is left unclaimed at the ER, Ballauf and Schenk discover a flawed system unable to prevent child abuse.


title: Tatort

text: 17.     Beasts (November 24, 2001) When the daughter of a biker is brutally raped and murdered, Ballauf and Schenk must overcome their prejudices to make sure justice is served.


title: Tatort

text: 18.    Charges (March 2, 2002) An investigation into a murder at a warehouse leads Ballauf and Schenk into the deaf community.


title: Tatort

text: 19.    Sleep Well, My Dear (June 15, 2002) When lumberjacks find a murdered woman in the woods, it appears that a recently-released serial killer is at it again.


title: Tatort

text: 20.   Betrayal (August 31, 2002) Ballauf and Schenk find that the professional murder of a diplomat is linked to a massacre at an overseas embassy.


title: Tatort

text: 21.     Payback (November 9, 2002) Ballauf and Schenk are joined by their East German colleagues Ehrlicher and Kain to investigate an art heist gone wrong.


title: Tatort

text: 22.    A Mother's Love (March 22, 2003) A hospital worker is murdered right after an anonymous woman leaves a newborn in the baby drop-off.


title: Tatort

text: 23.    Without a Trace (April 26, 2003) Schenk walks into a bloody bank heist involving a kidnapped senior citizen strapped with explosives.


title: Tatort

text: 24.    The Phantom (June 8, 2003) Schenk discovers that a young man he helped convict and imprison may not have been guilty.


title: Tatort

text: 25.    Bermuda (September 13, 2003) Ballauf and Schenk try to solve a murder with the help of teenagers living in a halfway house.


title: Tatort

text: 26.    A Dog's Life (April 11, 2004) Freddy puts his grandmother in a nursing home and investigates a murder there in the same week.


title: Tatort

text: 27.     Odin's Revenge (July 10, 2004) The police suspect revenge by an immigrant family when a skinhead gets targeted by a sniper.


title: Tatort

text: 28.     Betrayed and Sold (September 18, 2004) Freddy goes undercover as a janitor at an elite boarding school to investigate a series of murders.


title: Tatort

text: 29.     Ghost Town (February 12, 2005) The severed thumb of a fugitive cop killer comes to Max and Freddy in the mail, leading them to a deserted town.


title: Tatort

text: 30.     Mine Games (May 7, 2005) One of the owners of a mine-removal nonprofit gets blown up during a jog, and his wife seems curiously unmoved.


title: Tatort

text: 31.      Frozen (August 20, 2005) A beloved figure skating celebrity and competition judge is found dead on the ice.


title: Tatort

text: 32.     Blood Diamonds (March 16, 2006) A shooting at a political demonstration thrusts Freddy and Max into a web of international conspiracy and intrigue.


title: Tatort

text: 33.     Pechmarie (March 18, 2006) A diamond heist turned deadly causes Ballauf and Schenk to protect the sister of one of the outlaws.


title: Tatort

text: 34.     The Flowers of Evil (December 31, 2006) Max gets commended in the paper for excellent police work, and finds himself targeted by a maniac in response.


title: Tatort

text: 4.    Undying Beauty (11/20/2010) A woman fixated on staying beautiful dies mysteriously in a chocolate bath.


title: Tatort

text: 7.    Yesterday Never Happened (6/10/2011) An elderly glassmaker with dementia confesses to a murder.


title: Tatort

text: 8.    A Regular Murder (11/26/2011) Investigating a synagogue murder requires discretion as Ivo and Franz question members of the community.


title: Tatort

text: 9.    At the End of the Hall (5/03/2014) Franz puts his job in jeopardy to solve the murder of a young woman.


title: Tatort

text: 10.   The Desert Son (9/13/2014) Franz and Ivo come up aganst diplomatic immunity as they investigate a Middle Eastern prince.


title: Tatort

text: 12.    This is Going to Hurt (4/02/2016) Ivo and Franz reopen a case they think should have been more fully investigated.


title: Tatort

text: 14.    Love is a Strange Game (5/20/2017) (Contains sexually explicit content) A successful architect is suspected of killing multiple lovers.


title: Tatort

text: 4.     Dark Field (2016) Karow is held hostage after his key witness gets gunned down in front of him.


title: Tatort

text: 5.     Crazy Love (2017) A teacher accused of sexually harassing a student is found torched in his garden.


title: Tatort

text: 6.     Your Name is Harbinger (2017) A mentally-ill locksmith thinks he's receiving messages directing him to procure victims.


title: Tatort

text: 7.     META (2018) A package with a severed finger leads Rubin and Karow to an art film eerily paralleling their investigation.


title: Tatort

text: 8.     Urban Beasts (2018) Rubin and Karow investigate a jogger attacked by a boar and a man murdered in a coffee kiosk.


title: Tatort

text: 9.     The Good Path (2019) Nina's son Tolja joins the police as an intern and gets shot on a routine call.


title: Tatort

text: 11.  The Perfect Crime (2020) A secret society of law students exercise strange control over a new member.


title: Tatort

text: 12.  A Few Words After Midnight (2020) The murder of a 90-year-old Berlin building tycoon appears to be politically motivated.


title: Tatort

text: 13.  No Place Like Home (2021) A realtor is murdered during evictions of an apartment building slated for remodel.


title: Tatort

text: 14.  The Cold and the Dead (2021) Karow and Rubin investigate the brutal death of a woman active in Berlin's night life.


title: Tatort

text: 1.   The Big Hoppe (2013) Weimar's Sausage Queen goes missing and a surprising turn of events occurs when the police get a phone call.


title: Tatort

text: 2.   The Wrong Ivan (2015) As Dorn and Lessing investigate the death of a woman during a robbery, it becomes clear that all is not as it seems.


title: Tatort

text: 3.   Losing Lupo (2017) After discovering he has two days to live, Lupo takes the police chief hostage to force Dorn and Lessing to hand over his murderer.


title: Tatort

text: 4.   The Gobi Desert (2017) Dorn and Lessing are on the hunt for a serial killer who escaped a psychiatric ward.


title: Tatort

text: 5.   Cold Fritte (2018) After a billionaire is killed during a burglary, the victim's wife shoots and kills the perp.


title: Tatort

text: Missing are the first 12 episodes: Lanstrum Mix / Dance of the Witches / Sun and Storm / HomeMatch / Fairy Tale Forest / Dark Ways / Breathless / Dark Heat / Pauline / The Girl With No Name / To Whom Honor Is Due / Thanksgiving. As well as episode 24) Taxi to Leipzig,


title: Tatort

text: (11/5/2008) A salt mine reveals the mummified body of a security guard reported missing months earlier.


title: Tatort

text: 12/15/2012 | (PART 2) Charlotte finds herself in High Society circles while investigating the murdered 16 year old girl.


title: Tatort

text: (9/13/2017) Charlotte takes on an escalating kidnapping case after the victims have handed over the money.


title: Tatort

text: <nowiki>**</nowiki>Inspector Lindholm is transferred to Gottingen KRIPO (Kriminal Polizei) and given a partner as punishment for tragic events in "The Holt Case".**


title: Tatort

text: (2/2/2019) (began streaming 11/22/2022) A 15-year-old girl and her newborn baby are missing, leaving behind only a trail of blood and unanswered questions. For the first time in her career, Charlotte is paired with a partner – a female detective, Anais Schmitz (Florence Kasumba), who is as prickly and aggressive as Lindholm.


title: Tatort

text: 27. "War In he Head" (9/28/2020) (began streaming 11/30/2022) A Split-second decision during a standoff sends Lindholm and Schmitz down an Orwellian rabbit hold of conspiracy and deceit.


title: Tatort

text: There have been over 1100 episodes of Tatort, from November 1970 up to the beginning of January 2020 these have been the product of a dozen broadcasters, based around various lead investigators. While some (about 30) have featured only once or twice, a number of investigators have featured in multiple episodes. There are 22 current investigative strands, and three have been the subject of over 70 episodes.


title: Tatort

text: Some "Tatort" episodes from the 1980s and 1990s included songs that subsequently became quite well known, and two of them reached the top of the charts:


title: Tatort

text: "Faust auf Faust (Schimanski)" by Klaus Lage from the "Tatort" movie "", and "Midnight Lady" by Chris Norman, written by Dieter Bohlen, which appears on the episode .


title: Oblisco Capitale

text: The Oblisco Capitale is a proposed megatall skyscraper in the New Administrative Capital of Egypt. It was announced in 2018 as a part of Egypt Vision 2030, aiming to become the world's tallest structure at a height of 1 kilometer.


title: Oblisco Capitale

text: The Oblisco Capitale project is designed by the Egyptian architectural design firm IDIA, which is based in Giza, Egypt. It is designed in the form of a Pharaonic obelisk surrounded by a water channel resembling the Nile River. As proposed, Oblisco Capitale is planned to have 165 floors, which includes residences, hotel apartments and units of various sizes. The proposal also includes several hotels, shopping malls, cinemas, housing, recreational centers, commercial centers, and medical centers.


title: Oblisco Capitale

text: The Oblisco Capitale is planned to be located in the central business district of the New Administrative Capital, near the Central Ring Road.


title: Oblisco Capitale

text: The tower's architecture is inspired from both the Pharaonic and Art Deco styles. The proportions of the Oblisco Capitale reference those of Ancient Egyptian obelisk. The design contains louvres – inspired by the Art Deco style – which rotate according to the sun's inclination, reducing heat throughout the day. The Nile River is represented in the project's design via the canal that connects the corners of land in the project.


title: Oblisco Capitale

text: The pattern on the tower's facade is inspired from the Egyptian lotus flower design used in the Pharaonic era; a flower that has grown along the Nile in Egypt for millennia and is widely known to have played a big part in the Ancient Egyptian civilization.


title: Connotation

text: A connotation is a commonly understood cultural or emotional association that any given word or phrase carries, in addition to its explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation.


title: Connotation

text: A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either "strong-willed" or "pig-headed"; although these have the same literal meaning ("stubborn"), "strong-willed" connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while "pig-headed" connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).


title: Connotation

text: "Connotation" branches into a mixture of different meanings. These could include the contrast of a word or phrase with its primary, literal meaning (known as a denotation), with what that word or phrase specifically denotes. The connotation essentially relates to how anything may be associated with a word or phrase; for example, an implied value, judgement or feelings.


title: Connotation

text: In logic and semantics, "connotation" is roughly synonymous with "intension". Connotation is often contrasted with "denotation", which is more or less synonymous with "extension". Alternatively, the connotation of the word may be thought of as the set of all its possible referents (as opposed to merely the actual ones). A word's "denotation" is the collection of things it refers to; its connotation is what it implies about the things it is used to refer to ( a second level of meanings is termed connotative ). The connotation of dog is (something like) four-legged canine carnivore. So saying, "You are a dog" would "connote" that you were ugly or aggressive rather than literally "denoting" you as a canine.


title: Connotation

text: It is often useful to avoid words with strong connotations (especially pejorative or disparaging ones) when striving to achieve a neutral point of view. A desire for more positive connotations, or fewer negative ones, is one of the main reasons for using euphemisms.


title: Connotation

text: Semiotic closure, as defined by Terry Eagleton, concerns "a sealed world of ideological stability, which repels the disruptive, decentered forces of language in the name of an imaginary unity. Signs are ranked by a certain covert violence into rigidly hierarchical order. . . . The process of forging ‘representations’ always involves this arbitrary closing of the signifying chain, constricting the free play of the signifier to a spuriously determinate meaning which can then be received by the subject as natural and inevitable".


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: Lorenzo Bandini (21 December 193510 May 1967) was an Italian motor racing driver who raced in Formula One for the Scuderia Centro Sud and Ferrari teams.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: Bandini was born in Barce in Cyrenaica, Libya, which was then an Italian colony. The family returned to Italy in 1939 and resided near Florence. His father died when he was 15. Bandini left home and found a job as an apprentice mechanic in the Freddi workshop in Milan.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: He made his way into auto racing from competing on motorcycles. He started racing cars in 1957 in a borrowed Fiat 1100. Goliardo Freddi, acknowledging Bandini's talent, decided to support him. Bandini would later marry Freddi's daughter, Margherita, in 1963, and remained involved with the family's garage in Milan.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: He achieved a first class victory at the Mille Miglia, in a Lancia Appia Zagato, in 1958, and a class win the same year in the 500cc Berkeley in the 12-hour race at Monza. He then raced in Formula Junior until 1961. Bandini purchased a Volpini Formula Junior car and placed third in his first race in Sicily. In 1959 and 1960 he drove a Formula Junior Stanguellini. In 1960 he placed fourth in the Formula Junior World Championship.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: In 1961 Bandini and fellow Italian driver Giancarlo Baghetti were both in contention for a seat at Ferrari. Ferrari opted for Baghetti, and Bandini went to drive for Guglielmo "Mimmo" Dei's Scuderia Centro Sud. At a non-championship race, he finished third at Pau. Bandini drove his first world championship race at Spa later in 1961. He retired with engine failure. During the winter of 1961-1962 he drove in the "Tasman" races in Australia and New Zealand.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: In 1962 Bandini was hired by Ferrari for the 1962 and 1963 seasons, and moved to Maranello, near the team's headquarters. His debut in a works Ferrari at the Monaco Grand Prix, finishing third.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: For 1963 Bandini was retained by Ferrari for sports car races only. Along with Ludovico Scarfiotti, he won the Le Mans 24 Hours race and placed second in the Targa Florio that year, occasionally racing in Formula One for Scuderia Centro Sud. His string of good results, including a fifth place at the British Grand Prix, convinced Ferrari to retain him as a Formula One driver as well for the rest of the season.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: In 1964 Bandini had his best Formula One season. He won the first Austrian Grand Prix at the Zeltweg circuit and scored two more podiums in Germany and Italy. At the Mexican Grand Prix, Bandini was running second when he decided to let his teammate John Surtees pass, enabling him to score enough points to win the World Championship.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: In 1966 Surtees left Ferrari in mid-season. Bandini was promoted to team leader. He was unlucky not to win the French and US Grands Prix that year which he dominated before mechanical problems intervened while he was holding a huge lead. Bandini's best finish was a second place at the Monaco Grand Prix in a 2.4 liter V-6 Ferrari behind Jackie Stewart's BRM. Later in the season Bandini helped director John Frankenheimer with his movie "Grand Prix". Bandini recommended the location at the harbour chicane for a crash scene in the movie filmed at the Monte Carlo circuit. In "The Making of Grand Prix", actress Eva Marie Saint noted that, bitterly, this spot would be the site of Bandini's death in the race one year later.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: On 7 May 1967 Bandini was racing at the Monaco Grand Prix, running second to Denny Hulme on the 82nd lap, when he lost control of his car at the harbour chicane. He had just entered the chicane when his Ferrari's left rear wheel hit the guard rail, sending him into an erratic skid. It impacted a light pole and overturned. The car hit straw bales which lined the harbour side, rupturing the fuel tank, and sparks ignited the fuel as the car rolled over, with Bandini trapped beneath it. Marshals flipped his car upright and pulled Bandini, unconscious, out from the flaming Ferrari. It is thought that, during the effort to right the overturned car, fuel leaked on the hot brake line or the exhaust pipe and exploded. A second fire occurred when the fuel tank exploded after Bandini had been pulled away from the Ferrari.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: Bandini sustained third degree burns covering more than 70% of his body, as well as a chest wound and ten chest fractures. Three days after the crash, Bandini succumbed to his injuries at Princess Grace Polyclinic Hospital in Monte Carlo.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: There were concerns about the promptness of Bandini's rescue. However, investigators from the Principality of Monaco ruled on 10 May that "the security operation had functioned properly." The straw bales, having been banned from all Formula One races in response to the accident, were replaced by an extended guard-rail the following year.


title: Lorenzo Bandini

text: Bandini is portrayed by Francesco Bauco in "Ford v Ferrari", a 2019 film about the rivalry between Ford and Ferrari at the 1966 Le Mans auto race.


title: Christine Belford

text: Christine Belford (born Christine Riley) is an American television and film actress. She has sometimes been credited as Christina Belford.


title: Christine Belford

text: Christine Riley was born in Amityville, Long Island, New York to Joseph J. Riley and Mary Belford Riley (née Wilson; later Malone), who later divorced. She has a brother, Terry, and a sister, Shawn. The family once lived at 112 Ocean Avenue, the location which later became famous as the setting of "The Amityville Horror", for about five years from age 11 until age 16. As a young child and teenager on Long Island, she was active in equestrian trials and won many horsemanship awards. "She was enrolled at the best schools and joined the best swimming and yachting clubs on Long Island." After graduating from high school in 1966, she attended Hofstra University, initially interested in pursuing a career in psychiatry. However, the classwork she did with Joseph Leon, the head of the drama department, inspired her to become an actress.


title: Christine Belford

text: In 1970, after college she moved to New York City and did some modeling work but no acting. Additionally, she said, "In order to keep a roof over my head and to eat, I took any job I could get. I was a waitress, a bar maid, and I also drove an ice truck." For both personal and professional reasons, she moved to Los Angeles near the end of 1970. There, at the suggestion of a friend, actress Carrie Snodgress, she auditioned at Universal Pictures, performing a scene from the film "The Country Girl" for the head of talent, Monique James. Christine then received a seven-year acting contract from Universal Pictures, "A very precious commodity issued only to a chosen few."


title: Christine Belford

text: Her first appearance on television was as an extra on the Vince Edwards series "Matt Lincoln". Her first credited appearance on television was in the NBC television movie "Vanished" in 1971. She played insurance investigator Carlie Kirkland during the second season (1973–74) of "Banacek." She appeared in the 1980 TV-movie "The Gambler" with Kenny Rogers and also played Ricky Stratton's mother, Evelyn on "Silver Spoons" and Jackie on "Empire".


title: Christine Belford

text: She appeared in guest roles on many popular television shows of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, including "Ironside", "Banacek", "Mannix", "Barnaby Jones", "Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law", "The Six Million Dollar Man", "CHiPs", "Wonder Woman", "Magnum, P.I.", "Hart to Hart", "The Incredible Hulk", "Family Ties", "The Golden Girls", "Blossom", "Beverly Hills, 90210", "Battlestar Galactica" (specifically as one of the prison-barge inmates recruited to destroy "The Gun On Ice Planet Zero"), "The Paper Chase: The Television Series, My Two Dads", "Night Court" (specifically the 1992 episode "Opportunity Knock Knocks," where she was credited as Christina Belford), Harry O, "Murder, She Wrote", "" and "Quincy", "Holding Pattern".


title: Christine Belford

text: She appeared in the episode "Devil Pack" from the 1977 series "Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected" (known in the United Kingdom as "Twist in the Tale"), as well as in various television films through the years. Her last appearance on television was in the horse-racing TV movie "Ruffian", starring Sam Shepard and broadcast on the ABC network in 2007.


title: Christine Belford

text: She played on "Dynasty" as the nurse for Fallon's baby at the end of Season 2 and Season 3. In 1983, she co-hosted, in Los Angeles, with Steve Edwards, Cathy Kronkite, and Ruth Batchelor, an unsuccessful pilot for a daytime-magazine series, "Personal & Confidential", over five days (August 1–5, 1983).


title: Christine Belford

text: From the 1990s to the present, Belford has done much voiceover work, including commercials, animations, promotional spots, and narrations.


title: Disclaimer

text: A disclaimer is generally any statement intended to specify or delimit the scope of rights and obligations that may be exercised and enforced by parties in a legally recognized relationship. In contrast to other terms for legally operative language, the term "disclaimer" usually implies situations that involve some level of uncertainty, waiver, or risk.


title: Disclaimer

text: A disclaimer may specify mutually agreed and privately arranged terms and conditions as part of a contract; or may specify warnings or expectations to the general public (or some other class of persons) in order to fulfill a duty of care owed to prevent unreasonable risk of harm or injury. Some disclaimers are intended to limit exposure to damages after a harm or injury has already been suffered. Additionally, some kinds of disclaimers may represent a voluntary waiver of a right or obligation that may be owed to the disclaimant.


title: Disclaimer

text: Disclaimers vary in terms of their uniformity. Some may vary depending on the specific context and parties involved, while other types of disclaimers may strictly adhere to a uniform and established set of formalities that are rarely or never modified, except under official authority. Some of these formal disclaimers are required pursuant to industry regulation, qualification for protection under a safe harbor, and other situations where the exact wording of a particular clause or document may be dispositive in the event of a legal dispute. (See e.g., Product liability, Toxicity class, Rule against perpetuities, Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act.)


title: Disclaimer

text: The presence of a disclaimer in a legally binding agreement does not necessarily guarantee that the terms of the disclaimer will be recognized and enforced in a legal dispute. There may be other legal considerations that render a disclaimer void either in whole or part.


title: Disclaimer

text: In law, a disclaimer is a statement denying responsibility intended to prevent civil liability arising for particular acts or omissions. Disclaimers are frequently made to escape the effects of the torts of negligence and of occupiers' liability towards visitors. The courts may or may not give effect to the disclaimer depending on whether the law permits exclusion of liability in the particular situation and whether the acts or omissions complained of fall within the wording of the disclaimer.


title: Disclaimer

text: A disclaimer may take effect as a term of the contract between the person making the disclaimer and the person who is thereby prevented from suing. This kind of disclaimer is, for example, invariably found in the 'terms and conditions' that a software user is confronted with when first installing the software. There will often be term(s) excluding any liability for any damage that the software might cause to the rest of the user's software and hardware. By clicking "I Agree" in the dialogue box, users are agreeing to this disclaimer as a matter of contract between themselves and the software company.


title: Disclaimer

text: At common law, disclaimers can also have effect as conditions of a license (i.e. permission) to enter the land. An occupier of land will have certain duties to take care for the personal safety of people he or she allows onto the premises. By placing a sign at the entrance to the premises, such as "visitors enter at their own risk", the occupier may be able to stop entrants from successfully suing in tort for damage or injury caused by the unsafe nature of the premises. Warnings or disclaimers contained in signs may, by a slightly different legal analysis leading to the same result, allow the person who would otherwise be responsible to rely on the defense of consent.


title: Disclaimer

text: Under UK law, the validity of disclaimers is significantly limited by the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. By virtue of the Act, a business cannot use a contract term or a notice to exclude or restrict its liability for negligence causing death or personal injury. In the case of other loss or damage, a disclaimer will only be effective so long as it is reasonable in all the circumstances. The common law in other nations may also place legal limits on the validity of disclaimers; for instance, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission successfully prosecuted Target Australia for the use of inaccessible disclaimers in advertisements (the televised advertisements in question contained disclaimers that were only shown on screen for 1.50 seconds).


title: Disclaimer

text: In the United States, disclaimers on the sale of goods are covered by Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code, but details vary by state. Unless considered unconscionable, disclaimers are generally enforceable as part of a contract between knowledgeable parties of comparable bargaining power, but most states do not allow a party to limit their liability for gross negligence.


title: Disclaimer

text: In patent law, a disclaimer identifies, in a claim, subject-matter that is not claimed. By extension, a disclaimer may also mean the action of introducing a negative limitation in a claim, i.e. "an amendment to a claim resulting in the incorporation therein of a "negative" technical feature, typically excluding from a general feature specific embodiments or areas". The allowability of disclaimers is subject to particular conditions, which may vary widely from one jurisdiction to another.


title: Disclaimer

text: A prosecution disclaimer is another type of disclaimer in patent law. Under United States patent law a prosecution disclaimer is a statement made by a patent applicant during examination of a patent application which can limit the scope of protection provided by the resulting patent. It is one type of file-wrapper estoppel, the other being prosecution history estoppel.


title: Disclaimer

text: In estate or inheritance law, a disclaimer (also called disclaimer of interest) is a written document voluntarily signed by an heir to an estate in which the said heir does not accept (disclaims) the part of the estate of a deceased person which the heir is entitled to receive. The disclaimed part of the estate is then inherited not necessarily by a person of the disclaiming heir's choice, but by the next heir in line to receive that part of the estate as if the disclaiming heir were also deceased, either according to the will, beneficiary designation, or the laws of intestacy. Government tax agencies have further rules on such disclaimers. Reasons for such disclaimers may include the imminent death of the disclaimant or the fact that the disclaimant already has enough wealth.


title: Disclaimer

text: The all persons fictitious disclaimer is a standard disclaimer used in works of fiction in an attempt to avoid liability for defamation.


title: Disclaimer

text: In the case of fan fiction, the author will usually give a disclaimer saying that the author of the fan fiction does not, in any way, profit from the story and that all creative rights to the characters belong to their original creator(s).


title: National symbols of Ukraine

text: The national symbols of Ukraine include a variety of official and unofficial symbols and other items that are used in Ukraine to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of its cultural life and history.


title: Gant (retailer)

text: Gant, stylized as GANT, is an American Swedish clothing brand, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The company was founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher and was originally based in New Haven, Connecticut. Gant operates in 70 markets and its products are available at over 4 000 retailers and Gant-stores all over the world. "House of Gant" has three different collections: GANT, GANT Diamond G and GANT Rugger.


title: Gant (retailer)

text: Bernard Gantmacher arrived in New York City in 1907, a Jewish immigrant from Myropil, Ukraine. Gantmacher was employed at a garment factory sewing shirt collars and met his future wife, Rebecca Rose, a button and buttonhole specialist who worked for the same company. After Gantmacher's return from military service during World War I, the couple married and founded the Par-Ex Shirt Company with business partner Morris Shapiro. The company made shirts for brands including Brooks Brothers, J. Press and Manhattan. In 1927, the company was relocated to New Haven, Connecticut. In April 1949, the Gant label was launched. Following their father's death in 1955, Bernard's sons took over the company's operations.


title: Gant (retailer)

text: GANT dress shirts were known for their back-collar button, locker loop and box pleat. In the 1960s, Gant made the Yale co-op shirt exclusively for the store on the Yale University campus. In 1968, the Gant brothers sold the company to Consolidated Foods but remained with the company. In 1971, the company launched its first sportswear line and in 1974 launched its Rugger brand. In 1979, Gant became a subsidiary of apparel manufacturer The Palm Beach Company and ceased operations in New Haven.


title: Gant (retailer)

text: In the early 1980s, Gant entered the international market when Pyramid Sportswear of Sweden was given the right to design and market Gant outside the U.S. Initially, Pyramid only offered the Gant label in Sweden but quickly expanded internationally. In 1995, Phillips-Van Heusen acquired the Gant brand in the U.S. from bankrupt sportswear manufacturer, Crystal Brands, Inc. In 1997, Gant opened its first store in the United States. Phillips-Van Heusen sold its Gant operations in 1999 to Pyramid Sportswear of Sweden for $71 million.


title: Gant (retailer)

text: In the spring of 2006, Gant became a public company and was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange's O-List until it was delisted 20 March 2008 upon being acquired by the Swiss retail group Maus Frères. In November 2010, Gant returned to New Haven, where it opened a retail store. In 1995 the first Gant store opened in Europe in Amsterdam by owner Robert Staneke in the museumquarter. This location opened on the 25th of February 1995 and is currently the oldest Gant store in the world.


title: The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)

text: The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest () is a 2009 Swedish-Danish crime thriller film with German co-production directed by Daniel Alfredson from a screenplay by Ulf Rydberg and produced by Søren Stærmose, based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson, the third entry in his "Millennium" series. Starring Noomi Rapace and Michael Nyqvist, it was the third and final installment of the film series, released two months following "The Girl Who Played with Fire". It also marked the final film appearance of Per Oscarsson, who died in a house fire on 31 December 2010.


text: The film begins at the conclusion of "The Girl Who Played with Fire". Computer hacker Lisbeth Salander is airlifted to a hospital in Gothenburg to recover from gunshot wounds inflicted by her father, crime boss Alexander Zalachenko. Journalist Mikael Blomkvist, who Salander helped on a previous case, resumes his efforts to clear her of several murder charges, knowing that she was framed by the "Section", a group within the Swedish Security Service that illegally sheltered Zalachenko after he defected from the Soviet Union.


text: Section members Evert Gullberg and Fredrik Clinton decide to silence Zalachenko and Salander to preserve their secrets. Gullberg arrives at the hospital and kills Zalachenko, but is unable to reach Salander; he then commits suicide. Clinton plans to have Salander recommitted to the mental hospital where the Section had her institutionalized as a child after she nearly killed Zalachenko. His collaborator in this plan is Dr. Peter Teleborian, the hospital's administrator, who "treated" the young Salander by putting her in restraints for the smallest infractions.


text: Blomkvist persuades her doctor to sneak an Internet phone into Salander's room, whereupon Salander contacts her fellow hacker, Plague, to see if he can find something on Teleborian. She then tells Blomkvist that Annika Giannini, her lawyer and Blomkvist's sister, has permission to use a video showing her state-appointed guardian Nils Bjurman raping her; Bjurman, a former Section employee, is one of the people she is accused of murdering.


text: Ronald Niedermann, Zalachenko's son and enforcer who previously tried to kill Salander's girlfriend Miriam, remains a fugitive, wanted for killing a police officer. Sonny, a member of an outlaw motorcycle gang Salander encountered in the previous film, learns that Niedermann went to his home to hide out. There, Sonny finds his brother dead and his girlfriend badly injured. She tells him that Niedermann was the culprit, and Sonny vows revenge.


text: On the day of her murder trial, Salander enters court with piercings, a mohawk, black makeup, and black leather clothing. Called as an expert witness for the prosecution, Teleborian characterizes Salander as delusional and violent; but Giannini gradually demolishes his credibility, using Salander's words and files from the hospital. She also presents the video proving Bjurman raped Salander.


text: As Giannini presents her case, the police arrest the people involved with the Section and seize their place of operation. In court, Blomkvist and Giannini prove that Teleborian made a false diagnosis on orders from the Section, and that the evidence against her was planted. Teleborian is then arrested for possession of child pornography, which Plague discovered after hacking into his laptop. The court releases Salander.


text: Salander checks on a property she has inherited from her father and discovers the warehouse where her step-brother Niedermann is hiding. He tries to kill her, but she nails his feet to the floor with a nail gun. She calls Sonny and tells the bikers where to find him, and then calls the police.


text: Blomkvist visits Salander to tell her that the motorcycle gang killed Niedermann and were arrested at the warehouse afterward. They then reconcile and go their separate ways.


text: The film was released in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark on 29 November 2009, and in Finland and Iceland in January 2010. The film was subsequently released in other European countries throughout the spring and summer of 2010. The film opened the Scottsdale (Arizona) International Film Festival on 1 October 2010, and was screened on 13 October 2010 at the Mill Valley (California) Film Festival; the film then had a limited release in United States and Canadian theaters beginning 29 October 2010.


text: "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 53% based on 125 reviews, with an average score of 5.8/10, the consensus being, "Slow and mostly devoid of the stellar chemistry between its two leads, "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest" is a disappointingly uneven conclusion to the "Millennium" trilogy."


text: Despite the low rating, the film did receive positive reviews from such noteworthy critics as Peter Travers, James Berardinelli, and Roger Ebert, who gave the film three out of four stars, stating, "These are all very well-made films. Like most European films, they have adults who are grown-ups, not arrested adolescents. Mikael and Erika, his boss and lover, have earned the lines in their faces, and don't act like reckless action heroes. They make their danger feel so real to us that we realize the heroes of many action movies don't really believe they're in any danger at all."


text: Reviewing the original Swedish version in national daily newspaper "Svenska Dagbladet", Jan Söderqvist is dismissive of the thin plot: his article is titled 'No, it doesn't last the distance', and laments that "the whole responsibility for carrying this grandiose production rests on Lisbeth Salander's slender shoulders". But Söderqvist remains enthusiastic about Rapace and her character, Lisbeth Salander: "Salander is, on the other hand, undeniably an original and fascinating character, full of possibilities and secrets, and if Noomi Rapace builds an international acting career on these three films I have nothing to say against it." Söderqvist continues: "There is an enticing darkness in her glance and a brittle hardness about her defences that more than matches her tattoos."


text: Maaret Koskinen, reviewing the film in Sweden's national daily "Dagens Nyheter", found it a pity "that the subsequent "Millennium" films dribble away a given golden opportunity" and "devalue an unprecedented accumulation of popular cultural capital." All that remains in the third section, writes Koskinen, is a skeleton (of the book's power). Besides, she notes, "one sees Noomi Rapace far too little."


title: Geography of Iran

text: Geographically, the country of Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Topographically, it is predominantly located on the Persian Plateau. Its mountains have impacted both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries. The mountains enclose several broad basins, on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located. Until the 20th century, when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers, these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Typically, one major town dominated each basin, and there were complex economic relationships between the town and the hundreds of villages that surrounded it. In the higher elevations of the mountains rimming the basins, tribally organized groups practiced transhumance, moving with their herds of sheep and goats between traditionally established summer and winter pastures. There are no major river systems in the country, and historically transportation was by means of caravans that followed routes traversing gaps and passes in the mountains. The mountains also impeded easy access to the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea.


title: Geography of Iran

text: With an area of , Iran ranks seventeenth in size among the countries of the world. Iran shares its northern borders with several post-Soviet states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. These borders extend for more than , including nearly of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Iran's western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south, terminating at the Arvand Rud.


title: Geography of Iran

text: The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman littorals form the entire southern border. To the east lie Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan on the far south. Iran's diagonal distance from Azerbaijan in the northwest to Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast is approximately .


title: Geography of Iran

text: The topography of Iran consists of rugged, mountainous rims surrounding high interior basins. The main mountain chain is the Zagros Mountains, a series of parallel ridges interspersed with plains that bisect the country from northwest to southeast. Many peaks in the Zagros exceed above sea level, and in the south-central region of the country there are at least five peaks that are over .


title: Geography of Iran

text: As the Zagros continue into southeastern Iran, the average elevation of the peaks declines dramatically to under . Rimming the Caspian Sea littoral is another chain of mountains, the narrow but high Alborz Mountains. Volcanic Mount Damavand, , located in the center of the Alborz, is not only the country's highest peak but also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.


title: Geography of Iran

text: The center of Iran consists of several closed basins that collectively are referred to as the Central Plateau. The average elevation of this plateau is about , but several of the mountains that tower over the plateau exceed . The eastern part of the plateau is covered by two salt deserts, the Dasht-e Kavir (Great Salt Desert) and the Dasht-e Lut. Except for some scattered oases, these deserts are uninhabited.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Parts of northwestern Iran are part of the Armenian highlands, which adjoins it topographically with other parts of neighbouring Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Iran has only two expanses of lowlands: the Khuzestan Plain in the southwest and the Caspian Sea coastal plain in the north. The former is a roughly triangular-shaped extension of the Mesopotamia plain and averages about in width. It extends for about inland, barely rising a few meters above sea level, then meets abruptly with the first foothills of the Zagros. Much of the Khuzestan plain is covered with marshes.


title: Geography of Iran

text: The Caspian plain is both longer and narrower. It extends for some along the Caspian shore, but its widest point is less than , while at some places less than separate the shore from the Alborz foothills. The Persian Gulf coast south of Khuzestan and the Gulf of Oman coast have no real plains because the Zagros in these areas come right down to the shore.


title: Geography of Iran

text: There are no major rivers in the country. Of the small rivers and streams, the only one that is navigable is the -long Karun, which shallow-draft boats can negotiate from Khorramshahr to Ahvaz, a distance of about . Other major rivers include the Karkheh, spanning and joining the Tigris; and the Zayandeh River, which is long. Several other permanent rivers and streams also drain into the Persian Gulf, while a number of small rivers that originate in the northwestern Zagros or Alborz drain into the Caspian Sea.


title: Geography of Iran

text: On the Central Plateau, numerous rivers—most of which have dry beds for the greater part of the year—form from snow melting in the mountains during the spring and flow through permanent channels, draining eventually into salt lakes that also tend to dry up during the summer months. There is a permanent salt lake, Lake Urmia (the traditional name, also cited as Lake Urmiyeh, to which it has reverted after being called Lake Rezaiyeh under Mohammad Reza Shah), in the northwest, whose brine content is too high to support fish or most other forms of aquatic life. There are also several connected salt lakes along the Iran-Afghanistan border in the province of Baluchestan va Sistan.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Iran's highlands are home to some of the world's most unexpected glaciers. Their appearance in the dry environment is advantageous for those who depend on glacial ice as a supply of fresh water. In an expedition, Klaus Thymann together with the environmental charity Project Pressure produced a series of archive and expedition photographs that depict the urgency of the situation surrounding climate change and the individuals who rely on such natural ice forms to sustain life in remote areas.


title: Geography of Iran

text: A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 1,481 km² of tidal flats in Iran, making it the 22nd ranked country in terms of tidal flat area.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Iran has a variable climate. In the northwest, winters are cold with heavy snowfall and subfreezing temperatures. Spring and fall are relatively mild, while summers are dry and hot. In the south, winters are mild and the summers are very hot, having average daily temperatures in July exceeding . On the Khuzestan Plain, summer heat is accompanied by high humidity.


title: Geography of Iran

text: In general, Iran has a continental climate in which most of the relatively scant annual precipitation falls from October through April. In most of the country, yearly precipitation averages or less. The major exceptions are the higher mountain valleys of the Zagros and the Caspian coastal plain, where precipitation averages at least and is in the form of snow at high altitudes. In the western part of the Caspian, rainfall exceeds annually and is distributed relatively evenly throughout the year. This contrasts with some basins of the Central Plateau that receive or less of precipitation. Iran is considered colder than neighboring countries such as Iraq and Turkmenistan, due to its higher elevation.


title: Geography of Iran

text: 7% of the country is forested. The most extensive growths are found on the mountain slopes rising from the Caspian Sea, with stands of oak, ash, elm, cypress, and other valuable trees. On the plateau proper, areas of scrub oak appear on the best-watered mountain slopes, and villagers cultivate orchards and grow the plane tree, poplar, willow, walnut, beech, maple, and mulberry. Wild plants and shrubs spring from the barren land in the spring and afford pasturage, but the summer sun burns them away. According to FAO reports, the major types of forests that exist in Iran and their respective areas are:


title: Geography of Iran

text: Wildlife of Iran is diverse and composed of several animal species including bears, gazelles, wild pigs, wolves, jackals, panthers, Eurasian lynx, and foxes. Domestic animals include, sheep, goats, cattle, horses, water buffalo, donkeys, and camels. The pheasant, partridge, stork, eagles and falcon are also native to Iran.


title: Geography of Iran

text: As of 2001, 20 of Iran's mammal species and 14 bird species are endangered. Among them are the Baluchistan bear ("Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus"), a subspecies of Asian black bear, Persian fallow deer, Siberian crane, hawksbill turtle, green turtle, Oxus cobra, Latifi's viper, dugong and dolphins. The Asiatic cheetah is a critically endangered species which is extinct elsewhere and now can only be found in central to northeastern parts of Iran.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Iran lost all its Asiatic lions and Caspian tigers by the earlier part of the 20th century. The Syrian wild ass has become extinct. Syrian brown bears in the mountains, wild sheep and goats, gazelles, Persian onagers, wild pigs, Persian leopards, and foxes abound. Domestic animals include sheep, goats, cattle, horses, water buffalo, donkeys, and camels. The pheasant, partridge, stork, and falcon are native to Iran.


title: Geography of Iran

text: The Persian leopard is said to be the largest of all the subspecies of leopards in the world. The main range of this species in Iran closely overlaps with that of bezoar ibex. Hence, it is found throughout Alborz and Zagros mountain ranges, as well as smaller ranges within the Iranian plateau. The leopard population is very sparse, due to loss of habitat, loss of natural prey, and population fragmentation. Apart from bezoar ibex, wild sheep, boar, deer, (either Caspian red deer or roe deer), and domestic animals constitute leopards' diet in Iran.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Iran's bio-diversity ranks 13th in the world. There are 272 conservation areas around Iran for a total of 17 million hectares under the supervision of the Department of Environment (Iran), variously named national parks, protected areas, and natural wildlife refuges, all meant to protect the genetic resources of the country. There are only 2,617 rangers and 430 environmental monitoring units engaged in protecting these vast areas, which amounts to 6,500 hectares to cover for each ranger.


title: Geography of Iran

text: periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes along western border and in the northeast


title: Geography of Iran

text: air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water in some areas; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization.


title: Geography of Iran

text: Afghanistan , Armenia , Azerbaijan-proper , Azerbaijan-Nakhchivan exclave , Iraq , Pakistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan .


title: Geography of Iran

text: The country protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed tributaries to the Helmand River in periods of drought. The lack of a maritime boundary in the Persian Gulf with Iraq also prompts jurisdictional disputes beyond the mouth of the Arvand Rud. Iran and the United Arab Emirates have a territorial dispute over the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa islands, which are administered by Iran. Iran currently insists on dividing the Caspian Sea resources equally among the five littoral states, after the Russian-backed former soviet breakaway republics refused to respect the 50-50 agreements between Iran and the Soviet Union (despite their international obligation). Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan continue to claim territorial waters thus regarding the Caspian Sea as open international body of water, dismissing its geographically lake nature.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The 1998 SummerSlam was the 11th annual SummerSlam professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on August 30, 1998, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. Eleven matches were contested at the event, including three on the "Sunday Night Heat" pre-show.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The main event was a Singles match for the WWF Championship between Stone Cold Steve Austin and The Undertaker. Austin won the match via pinfall after a Low Blow and Stunner to retain the WWF Championship. The main match on the undercard featured a ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship between Triple H and The Rock, which Triple H went on to win the Intercontinental Championship.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: SummerSlam is an annual pay-per-view (PPV), produced every summer by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) since 1988. Dubbed "The Biggest Party of the Summer," it is one of the promotion's original four pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, Royal Rumble, and Survivor Series, and was considered one of the "Big Five" PPVs, along with King of the Ring. It has since become considered WWF's second biggest event of the year behind WrestleMania. The 1998 event was the 11th event in the SummerSlam chronology and was scheduled to be held on August 30, 1998, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The main storyline heading into the event revolved around WWF Champion Stone Cold Steve Austin and The Undertaker. At King of the Ring, Austin had lost his championship in the inaugural First Blood match, however he won it back the next night on "Raw is War".


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The pay-per-view match ended in controversy though; Kane's partner Mankind came to the ring, followed by Undertaker, whose attempted chair shot to Mankind was mistimed and instead met Austin, opening him up and costing him the match. Until this point, Undertaker had shown nothing but disdain for his younger brother since his debut the previous October but he explained on "Raw" that he would not sit idly by while his brother set himself on fire (the stipulation of the First Blood match should Kane lose.) On the July 6th episode of "Raw is War", Vince McMahon announced a SummerSlam #1 Contender's match between Kane, Undertaker and Mankind. When Undertaker did not appear the match was started anyway with Kane savagely beating Mankind and winning much to the delight of McMahon, however mid celebration Kane ripped off his mask to reveal it was actually Undertaker in disguise.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: McMahon became obsessed with proving the brothers were conspiring against Austin and tried to prove this by putting champion and contender in a match for the WWF Tag Team Championship at Fully Loaded. McMahon could not bate Undertaker though as the team won the match but did not unify as a team for long, defending the titles until August 10, losing in a four corners tag match to Kane and Mankind. The next week, Austin arrived on "Raw" in a hearse and challenged Undertaker to a fight; at the end of the show Undertaker came to the ring and Austin followed, however when Undertaker fully faced Austin it became apparent it was actually Kane in his brother's attire, using his hair to hide his mask previously. Austin threw Kane in the back of the hearse but when he went to drive away, Undertaker appeared in the driver's seat and drove his brother away, thus revealing the alliance between the two, cemented by a beat down on Paul Bearer the following week, and greatly reducing the champions chances at SummerSlam.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The second storyline heading into the event involved The Rock defending the WWF Intercontinental Championship against Triple H in a Ladder Match. Last month at , Rock and Triple H fought for the Intercontinental Championship in a two out of three falls match which ended in a no contest. The two continued their rivalry while leading up their respective factions Nation of Domination and D-Generation X. On the August 17 episode of "Raw is War", DX and the Nation fought in a street fight which the Nation won when Rock rammed a ladder in Triple H's face causing him to bleed from the mouth. Backstage after the match, Triple H challenged Rock to a Ladder match for the Intercontinental title at SummerSlam. On the August 23 episode of "Sunday Night Heat", Rock accepted the challenge.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: D'Lo Brown defended his European Championship against Val Venis, initially showing respect to him when the two slapped hands. However, Brown would soon use his chest protector to gain leverage over Venis when the latter made an early advantage. Despite the protector, Venis still managed to retain some offensive momentum, legsweeping Brown out of the turnbuckle leading the champion to escape outside the ring. The two then embarked on a number of Irish whip maneuvers with frequent reversals, Venis perhaps taking Brown down more often. Despite flooring Venis with an Irish whip to the turnbuckle, Brown lost any advantage by gesturing to the crowd, though Venis' comeback was short-lived. Brown kept Venis mostly low, making many ground attacks from a standing position and the top ropes, often trying pins in between then switching tactics by applying a Texas cloverleaf. Rather than keep the pressure though, Brown let go and missed a senton bomb from the second rope, allowing Venis to recover and fight back with knees to the chest and elbow attacks. Venis tried to capitalize on this with his finisher, the money shot, but as Brown began to stand up Venis opted for a dropkick instead, however he was met with the grip of Brown who turned it into a Sky High instead but still Venis would not be pinned, similarly even after a DDT. Brown tried a high flying move of his own but Venis caught him mid air for a scoop slam. Despite subduing Brown with a double-armed suplex and a slam, Brown managed to get his knees up and after this attempted a powerbomb. The first powerbomb was unsuccessful though, Brown unable to flip Venis onto his shoulders and subsequently dropping him onto his head; the second though was a successful running powerbomb but rather than pin him, Brown attempted, and missed, the Lo Down. Venis then pulled off Brown's chest protector, putting it on himself and causing the referee to try to pull it off him. As Venis climbed the turnbuckle the referee accidentally pulled the ropes, causing Venis to land on his crotch. He still managed a Manhattan drop on Brown though, trying to climb the turnbuckle again with the referee still pulling at the chest protector. This time Venis shoved the referee to the ground, causing him to lose the match via disqualification; after the match he slammed the referee and landed the Moneyshot.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The Oddities, welcomed to the ring by Insane Clown Posse singing their music, lived up to their title when Golga, having had his head smashed against the turnbuckle by Taka Michinoku, headbanged voluntarily. After pouring water into Yamaguchi-San's shoe, the match began in earnest with Funaki being thrown around the ring by Kurrgan and despite the entire team illegally attacking Kurrgan, holding his arms, he still managed to kick away Funaki and toss the others restraining his hand. When Giant Silva was tagged in, all of Kaientai fled the ring, regrouping outside before Dick Togo was sent into the ring but similar to before the entire team soon ganged up on him but Silva piled all four of them into the turnbuckle, crushing them back into the padding before Irish whipping them into the opposite corner and then tossing Taka over the top rope, falling onto the other three members. Golga was the first Oddity brought to the floor, with a double slam by Funaki and Mens Teioh which was followed up by four big splashes by all members. Kai En Tai followed suite with four running elbow drops but a four-man Irish whip was met with a clothesline that took all of them out. With Kurrgan tagged in, the four tried to attack him but Kurrgan and Silva choked all four between the two of them. Yamaguchi tried to attack Kurrgan from behind but Luna Vachon scoop slammed him and all four of Kai En Tai received a chokeslam in unison and Golga covered all four of them to pick up the pin count.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The Hair match saw Jeff Jarrett's accomplices, Southern Justice, sent to the back by Commissioner Slaughter whilst Howard Finkel accompanied X-Pac to the ring, performing the signature crotch chops. The match moved both in and out of the ring early on, with Jarrett rushing X-Pac's open legs onto the ring post, leaving him almost to be counted out. When he returned to the ring, Jarrett continued his dominance with basic punching and Irish whips to the turnbuckle. X-Pac returned with a desperate swinging DDT allowing him to take some time to recover, but his attacking maneuvers were met with a sleeper hold. An attempt to put Jarrett in the sleeper hold saw him lifted from behind onto the turnbuckle but X-Pac used this to his advantage, spinning round into a crossbody which missed contact with his opponent. With both men on the floor, Jarrett applied his figure four leg lock in the middle of the ring, which X-Pac struggled to counter by turning over, eventually making it to the rope after a minute or so. Jarrett tried to lock the submission again but X-Pac kicked him from behind into the corner, catching him with a backdrop as Jarrett stumbled out. Despite a spinning heel kick and bronco buster, Jarrett was still able to land a diving crossbody, though X-Pac rolled it in his favor. Finkel climbed onto the apron to complain of a low blow attempt, when Jarrett turned back to the ring X-Pac landed an X Factor. Southern Justice appeared from the back, but X-Pac ducked El Kabong from Dennis Knight, grabbing the guitar and hitting Jarrett with it while the referee pushed Southern Justice out of the ring. Once the pinfall was made, fellow Degenerates, New Age Outlaws rushed to ringside with chairs to chase away Southern Justice while The Headbangers and Darren Drozdov helped hold Jarrett in his chair while he had his hair removed, though he escaped the ring before he was completely shaved bald.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: Sable arrived to the ring and introduced her mystery tag team partner, with Edge coming through the crowd to make his pay-per-view debut. Marc Mero and Edge were the initial opponents though Mero soon tagged in Jacqueline, however she immediately tagged Mero back when confronted by Sable. On the outside Jacqueline pulled at Edge's feet while running, allowing Mero to take the advantage and, with the referee distracted, choked him on the bottom rope. Mero attempted a TKO but Edge swung round to secure a DDT and with both men down they crawled to tag in their prospective female partners. Sable instantly scooped Jacqueline and punched her before chasing her around the ring and back in. Inside the ring Mero tried to subdue Sable, but he was lowblowed and then he almost got a Sable Bomb, but Jacqueline saved Mero this allowed Jacqueline to take some advantage but Sable soon turned the tables back in her favor, landing a TKO on Jacqueline. Mero pulled Sable off the pin and while distracted, was double teamed by both opponents. Jacqueline accidentally hit her partner though, letting Sable tag in Edge who made a running suicide leap onto Mero, before whipping him into the steel steps and spanking Jacqueline on the walkway. A pinning attempt after a super neckbreaker was put on hold when Mero's partner put his feet on the bottom rope. Once again the two accidentally collided, when Edge ducked out of the way leaving Jacqueline on the outside of the ring. When Mero went to the top rope, Edge reversed leaving him sitting on the turnbuckle and then tagged in Sable who delivered a frankensteiner. Edge then went to pin Mero but leapt off him when he saw Jacqueline flying for a splash, leading the two to collide once again. Sable and Edge then whipped their respective opponents into the corner, with Mero falling out of it and then Jacqueline falling head first onto his crotch. Edge then grabbed Sable by her legs and planted her face first onto Mero to secure the pin.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: The Lion's Den match, which took place in a separate theatre within Madison Square Garden in front of a special crowd, was contested in a pseudo-circular polygon cage, with steel wire and no ropes approximately ten feet high. After both competitors entered the den, the door was chained shut. The match began with Owen Hart being driven into the steel wall and then slammed into the ground, though Ken Shamrock would receive the same treatment. Shamrock then backdropped Hart and picked up up to hold him in submission around his head. Though Hart threw Shamrock into the wall, Shamrock instantly retaliated with a clothesline and proceeded to pull off Hart's shirt and use it to choke Hart from behind, bringing him down with a snapmare using the cloth and continuing to pull at his neck. As Hart stood up, Shamrock jumped into the cage and jumped back off it, higher, to crossbody his opponent. After throwing Hart into the wall again, Shamrock soon felt the wrath of the den as he was driven into the metal frames that secured the chain. Hart caught Shamrock's foot, but the latter followed through with an enzuigiri negating either advantage. As the two returned to their feet it became an exchange of punches before Shamrock again used the cage to aid him into a flying shoulder barge, but the second time he did this Hart caught him and slammed him into the mat and used the advantage to lock in the Sharpshooter. Shamrock slowly crawled to the cage and used his fingers to climb up, building pressure on his own legs but making it awkward for Hart to sustain the hold. Despite breaking out Hart managed to catch Shamrock, bending him backwards with his arm wrapped around Shamrock's neck. Shamrock broke free by walking up the steel and flipping over the back of Hart, tripping him with a toe hold that allowed him to utilize an arm bar submission before applying his ankle lock that forced Dan Severn to walk away in disgust and Hart to tap out.


title: SummerSlam (1998)

text: With Kane absent from the arena, the falls count anywhere match for the WWF Tag Team Championship became a de facto handicap match. New Age Outlaws brought out a dumpster full of weapons, alluding to an incident in February where they had locked Mankind, as Cactus Jack, and Chainsaw Charlie in a dumpster and thrown it off the stage. Billy Gunn ran into the ring and met with a baking tray to his head from Mankind before the two had a sword fight of sorts, with a steel chair. Despite Mankind taking the advantage from this, the tandem attacks of baking sheets to the head subdued Mankind until he was caught in the ropes. After taking more weapons to the head, Mankind managed to toss Gunn over his back to the outside and fought Road Dogg into the corner. When Mankind went back out the ring to continue his assault on Gunn, though, the handicap caught up with him and he was thrown against the dumpster. Road Dogg opened up a table in the corner but Mankind managed to reverse the Irish whip, forcing Gunn through it. After a double team elevated neckbreaker did not dispatch him, he suffered a double team powerbomb through two chairs and again this did not keep Mankind down (although after Mankind kicked out, the Outlaws music briefly played) but finally a spiked piledriver onto the championship belt was enough to keep him down. After winning, Outlaws put Mankind in the dumpster and closed the lid. Whilst the Outlaws celebrated, the lid of the dumpster opened and Kane stood up, picking up a sledgehammer and throwing it down on an unseen Mankind inside the dumpster.